@rangojs/router 0.0.0-experimental.ea6d5eec → 0.0.0-experimental.eb0645d3

package/skills/route/SKILL.md

@@ -181,6 +181,37 @@ String keys still work (`ctx.set("key", value)` / `ctx.get("key")`), but
 Only route handlers and middleware can call `ctx.set()`. Layouts, parallels,
 and intercepts can only read via `ctx.get()`.
 
+#### Non-cacheable context variables
+
+Mark a var as non-cacheable when it holds inherently request-specific data
+(sessions, auth tokens, per-request IDs). There are two ways:
+
+```typescript
+// Var-level: every value written to this var is non-cacheable
+const Session = createVar<SessionData>({ cache: false });
+
+// Write-level: escalate a normally-cacheable var for this specific write
+const Theme = createVar<string>();
+ctx.set(Theme, userTheme, { cache: false });
+```
+
+"Least cacheable wins" — if either the var definition or the write site says
+`cache: false`, the value is non-cacheable.
+
+Reading a non-cacheable var inside `cache()` or `"use cache"` throws at
+runtime. This prevents request-specific data from leaking into cached output:
+
+```typescript
+// This throws — Session is non-cacheable
+async function CachedWidget(ctx) {
+  "use cache";
+  const session = ctx.get(Session); // Error: non-cacheable var read inside cache scope
+  return <Widget />;
+}
+```
+
+Cacheable vars (the default) can be read freely inside cache scopes.
+
 ### Revalidation Contracts for Handler Data
 
 Handler-first guarantees apply within a single full render pass. For partial
@@ -352,6 +383,30 @@ urls(({ path, layout }) => [
 ])
 ```
 
+## Handler-attached `.use`
+
+Page handlers can carry their own loader, middleware, error boundaries, parallels, and other defaults via a `.use` callback — so the page is self-contained and reusable across mount sites without re-wiring the same items.
+
+```typescript
+const ProductPage: Handler<"/product/:slug"> = async (ctx) => {
+  const product = await ctx.use(ProductLoader);
+  return <ProductView product={product} />;
+};
+ProductPage.use = () => [
+  loader(ProductLoader),
+  loading(<ProductSkeleton />),
+  middleware(async (ctx, next) => {
+    await next();
+    ctx.header("Cache-Control", "private, max-age=60");
+  }),
+];
+
+// Mount site has no per-page wiring — defaults travel with the handler.
+path("/product/:slug", ProductPage, { name: "product" });
+```
+
+Explicit `use()` at the mount site merges with `handler.use` (handler defaults first, explicit second). See [skills/handler-use](../handler-use/SKILL.md) for the merge order, allowed item types per mount site, and override semantics.
+
 ## Complete Example
 
 ```typescript

package/skills/router-setup/SKILL.md

@@ -78,16 +78,21 @@ interface RSCRouterOptions<TEnv> {
   // Document component wrapping entire app
   document?: ComponentType<{ children: ReactNode }>;
 
+  // URL prefix for sub-path deployments (e.g. "/admin")
+  // All routes, reverse(), href(), Link, redirect(), and router.use()
+  // patterns are automatically prefixed. Route names stay unprefixed.
+  basename?: string;
+
   // Enable per-request performance timeline (console waterfall + Server-Timing header)
   debugPerformance?: boolean;
 
   // Default error boundary
   defaultErrorBoundary?: ReactNode | ErrorBoundaryHandler;
 
-  // Default not-found boundary
+  // Default not-found boundary for notFound() thrown in handlers/loaders
   defaultNotFoundBoundary?: ReactNode | NotFoundBoundaryHandler;
 
-  // Component for 404 routes
+  // Component for 404 (no route match, or notFound() without a boundary)
   notFound?: ReactNode | ((props: { pathname: string }) => ReactNode);
 
   // Error logging callback
@@ -124,6 +129,36 @@ interface RSCRouterOptions<TEnv> {
 }
 ```
 
+## Basename (Sub-Path Deployment)
+
+When your app is served under a sub-path (e.g. `/admin` or `/v2`), set `basename`:
+
+```typescript
+const router = createRouter({
+  basename: "/admin",
+  document: Document,
+}).routes(({ path, include }) => [
+  path("/", Dashboard, { name: "home" }), // matches /admin
+  path("/users", Users, { name: "users" }), // matches /admin/users
+  include("/api", apiPatterns, { name: "api" }), // matches /admin/api/*
+]);
+
+router.reverse("home"); // "/admin"
+router.reverse("users"); // "/admin/users"
+```
+
+Router-owned APIs are basename-aware:
+
+- `reverse()` returns prefixed paths
+- `<Link to="/users">` renders `<a href="/admin/users">`
+- `redirect("/login")` redirects to `"/admin/login"`
+- `router.use("/users/*", mw)` matches `/admin/users/*`
+- `useRouter().push("/users")` navigates to `/admin/users`
+- Route names stay unprefixed (`"home"`, not `"admin.home"`)
+
+Note: `href()` is a raw path helper and does **not** auto-prefix with basename.
+Use `reverse()` or `<Link>` for basename-aware URLs.
+
 ## Using the Request Handler
 
 The router provides a `fetch` method to handle RSC requests:
@@ -290,6 +325,56 @@ const router = createRouter({
 export default router;
 ```
 
+## Not Found Handling
+
+Two distinct 404 scenarios:
+
+**1. No route matches the URL** — the router renders the `notFound` component from `createRouter()` config. This is automatic.
+
+**2. A handler/loader calls `notFound()`** — signals that the route matched but the data doesn't exist (e.g., invalid product ID).
+
+```typescript
+import { notFound } from "@rangojs/router";
+
+// In a handler or loader
+path("/product/:slug", async (ctx) => {
+  const product = await db.getProduct(ctx.params.slug);
+  if (!product) notFound("Product not found");
+  return <ProductPage product={product} />;
+});
+```
+
+### Fallback chain for `notFound()`
+
+When `notFound()` is thrown, the router looks for a fallback in this order:
+
+1. **`notFoundBoundary()`** — nearest boundary in the route tree (route-level)
+2. **`defaultNotFoundBoundary`** — from `createRouter()` config (app-level)
+3. **`notFound`** — from `createRouter()` config (same component used for no-route-match)
+4. **Default `<h1>Not Found</h1>`** — built-in fallback
+
+All cases set HTTP 404 status.
+
+### notFoundBoundary
+
+Wrap routes with `notFoundBoundary()` for route-specific not-found UI:
+
+```typescript
+urls(({ path, layout }) => [
+  layout(ShopLayout, () => [
+    notFoundBoundary(({ notFound: info }) => (
+      <div>
+        <h1>Not Found</h1>
+        <p>{info.message}</p>
+      </div>
+    )),
+    path("/product/:slug", ProductPage),
+  ]),
+]);
+```
+
+`notFoundBoundary` receives `{ notFound: NotFoundInfo }` where `NotFoundInfo` contains `message`, `segmentId`, `segmentType`, and `pathname`.
+
 ## Including Sub-patterns
 
 ```typescript

package/skills/streams-and-websockets/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+---
+name: streams-and-websockets
+description: Long-lived Response handlers — Server-Sent Events (SSE) via path.stream and WebSocket upgrades via path.any on Cloudflare Workers, including middleware interaction and runtime caveats.
+argument-hint: "[sse | websocket | agents]"
+---
+
+# Streams and WebSockets
+
+Response routes can return long-lived responses — SSE streams and WebSocket
+upgrades. Both require a `Response` that the router must forward through the
+middleware chain without reconstruction.
+
+## When each fits
+
+| Shape       | Tag             | Status | Body                            | Runtime                          |
+| ----------- | --------------- | ------ | ------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
+| Server-Sent | `path.stream()` | 200    | `ReadableStream` (event-stream) | any runtime (Node, workerd, bun) |
+| WebSocket   | `path.any()`    | 101    | `null` + `webSocket` property   | Cloudflare Workers (workerd)     |
+
+- **SSE** is a regular 200 response with `content-type: text/event-stream`
+  and a `ReadableStream` body. Works everywhere, flows through middleware
+  normally.
+- **WebSocket upgrades** produce a status-101 response with a non-standard
+  `webSocket` property (Cloudflare). The router detects these and forwards
+  them without reconstruction; `Vary` and `Server-Timing` are skipped, and
+  stub headers are merged in place on a best-effort basis.
+
+## Server-Sent Events (SSE)
+
+Use `path.stream()` (or `path.any()` if you need full control) to return a
+`ReadableStream`. Each chunk is an `event-stream` frame:
+
+```typescript
+import { urls } from "@rangojs/router";
+
+export const urlpatterns = urls(({ path }) => [
+  path.stream(
+    "/events/ticks",
+    (ctx) => {
+      const encoder = new TextEncoder();
+
+      const stream = new ReadableStream({
+        async start(controller) {
+          let count = 0;
+          const interval = setInterval(() => {
+            controller.enqueue(
+              encoder.encode(`event: tick\ndata: ${++count}\n\n`),
+            );
+          }, 1000);
+
+          // Honor client disconnect — signal comes from ctx.request.signal
+          ctx.request.signal.addEventListener("abort", () => {
+            clearInterval(interval);
+            controller.close();
+          });
+        },
+      });
+
+      return new Response(stream, {
+        headers: {
+          "content-type": "text/event-stream",
+          "cache-control": "no-store",
+          // Disable proxy buffering on Nginx/Traefik deployments
+          "x-accel-buffering": "no",
+        },
+      });
+    },
+    { name: "ticks" },
+  ),
+]);
+```
+
+### Client
+
+```typescript
+"use client";
+const source = new EventSource("/events/ticks");
+source.addEventListener("tick", (e) => console.log("tick", e.data));
+```
+
+### SSE caveats
+
+- **Never wrap SSE routes in `cache()`** — a cached `ReadableStream` is read
+  once and would replay an empty body on the next hit. `path.stream` is
+  already excluded from response-route caching, but don't layer a custom
+  cache() middleware on top.
+- **Middleware is fine.** Global/route middleware rewraps the SSE `Response`
+  as `new Response(response.body, { status, headers })` to merge stub headers.
+  The `ReadableStream` body is passed by reference, not consumed, so the
+  client sees the stream unchanged. (WebSocket upgrades are the exception —
+  those bypass rewrap entirely; see below.)
+- **Honor `ctx.request.signal`.** Without wiring abort to your source
+  (timer, DB cursor, upstream fetch), the stream leaks when the client
+  disconnects.
+- **Disable Nginx/CDN buffering** via `x-accel-buffering: no` and ensure
+  no intermediate proxy rebuffers. On Cloudflare Workers this is a non-issue.
+
+## WebSockets (Cloudflare Workers)
+
+WebSocket upgrades on workerd produce a response with `status: 101` and a
+non-standard `webSocket` property. The router detects this shape and forwards
+the `Response` without reconstruction — the 101 status and the `webSocket`
+property are preserved. `Vary` and `Server-Timing` writes are skipped, and
+stub-header merging (cookies/custom headers set via `ctx.header()` or
+`cookies().set()`) is best-effort: the router attempts to apply them in
+place, but silently skips any write rejected by a runtime that exposes
+immutable upgrade headers.
+
+### Minimal upgrade handler
+
+```typescript
+import { urls } from "@rangojs/router";
+
+export const urlpatterns = urls(({ path }) => [
+  path.any(
+    "/ws",
+    (ctx) => {
+      // Manual WebSocketPair on workerd
+      const upgrade = ctx.request.headers.get("upgrade");
+      if (upgrade !== "websocket") {
+        return new Response("expected upgrade: websocket", { status: 426 });
+      }
+
+      const { 0: client, 1: server } = new WebSocketPair();
+      server.accept();
+      server.addEventListener("message", (e) => {
+        server.send(`echo: ${e.data}`);
+      });
+
+      return new Response(null, {
+        status: 101,
+        webSocket: client,
+      } as ResponseInit);
+    },
+    { name: "ws" },
+  ),
+]);
+```
+
+### Durable Object pattern
+
+Route into a Durable Object that owns the connection:
+
+```typescript
+export const urlpatterns = urls(({ path }) => [
+  path.any(
+    "/rooms/:roomId",
+    async (ctx) => {
+      const id = ctx.env.ROOMS.idFromName(ctx.params.roomId);
+      const stub = ctx.env.ROOMS.get(id);
+      // The DO's fetch handler calls handleWebSocketUpgrade(request)
+      // and returns the 101 Response. We forward it unchanged.
+      return stub.fetch(ctx.request);
+    },
+    { name: "room" },
+  ),
+]);
+```
+
+### Using the `agents` library
+
+`routeAgentRequest` from `agents` returns a 101 `Response` targeted at a
+Durable Object. Return it directly from `path.any()`:
+
+```typescript
+import { routeAgentRequest } from "agents";
+import { urls } from "@rangojs/router";
+
+export const urlpatterns = urls(({ path }) => [
+  path.any("/agents/*", async (ctx) => {
+    const response = await routeAgentRequest(ctx.request, ctx.env);
+    if (!response) {
+      return new Response("not found", { status: 404 });
+    }
+    return response;
+  }),
+]);
+```
+
+## Middleware interaction
+
+### Forwarded, not reconstructed
+
+When a middleware is matched for the upgrade URL, the middleware still runs
+**before** `next()` — but the Response from `next()` is forwarded as-is
+rather than re-wrapped. This preserves:
+
+- The 101 status (which would otherwise throw `RangeError: Responses may
+only be constructed with status codes in the range 200 to 599, inclusive`
+  on standards-compliant runtimes).
+- The Cloudflare `webSocket` property (which would otherwise be silently
+  dropped by `new Response(body, ...)` on workerd).
+
+```typescript
+// This works — logger runs, but the 101 flows through unchanged.
+router.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+  console.log("ws request", ctx.url.pathname);
+  return next();
+});
+```
+
+### Don't try to set cookies on an upgrade
+
+Stub cookie/header writes made before `await next()` are applied to the
+upgrade response on a best-effort basis — the router attempts an in-place
+merge and skips any write rejected by runtimes that expose immutable 101
+headers. Either way, a browser completing a WS handshake never reads them.
+Do not rely on this for auth or state propagation: set cookies via a prior
+HTTP request instead (e.g. during login), then read them at upgrade time
+via `ctx.request.headers.get("cookie")`.
+
+```typescript
+// Avoid: this cookie may not land on the upgrade response, and the client
+// never reads it during the handshake regardless.
+router.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+  cookies().set("last-ws-at", Date.now().toString());
+  return next();
+});
+
+// Prefer: authenticate by reading a cookie set on a prior HTTP request.
+path.any("/ws", (ctx) => {
+  const session = parseCookie(ctx.request.headers.get("cookie"))?.session;
+  if (!verify(session)) return new Response("unauthorized", { status: 401 });
+  // ...upgrade
+});
+```
+
+### Short-circuit before upgrade
+
+Middleware can return a non-101 Response to deny the upgrade outright:
+
+```typescript
+router.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+  if (!isAllowed(ctx.request)) {
+    return new Response("forbidden", { status: 403 });
+  }
+  return next();
+});
+```
+
+## Caching
+
+- **SSE** — do not combine with `cache()` (streams can't be replayed).
+- **WebSocket** — `cache()` is inert because only `status === 200` is cacheable.
+
+## Runtime caveats
+
+| Runtime                                | SSE | WebSocket upgrade (101)                              |
+| -------------------------------------- | --- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
+| Cloudflare Workers (workerd)           | OK  | OK (native `WebSocketPair`, DO, `agents`)            |
+| Node (undici fetch)                    | OK  | N/A — Node's HTTP server must upgrade                |
+| Bun                                    | OK  | Bun's native `upgrade()` — not a Response-based path |
+| Dev (Vite + `@cloudflare/vite-plugin`) | OK  | OK via workerd emulation                             |
+
+When running in pure Node without workerd, a `status: 101` Response cannot
+even be constructed (`new Response(null, { status: 101 })` throws). For
+tests, fabricate upgrade-style responses by overriding `.status` on a real
+Response instance:
+
+```typescript
+const upgrade = new Response(null, { status: 200 });
+Object.defineProperty(upgrade, "status", { value: 101, configurable: true });
+// optional: attach a webSocket stub
+Object.defineProperty(upgrade, "webSocket", {
+  value: { stub: "ws" },
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: true,
+});
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+- Unit tests: `isWebSocketUpgradeResponse` and `executeMiddleware` passthrough
+  cases live in `src/rsc/__tests__/helpers.test.ts` and
+  `src/router/middleware.test.ts`.
+- E2E: cover both dev and production modes against a workerd target. SSE
+  can be tested on any runtime; WS upgrades need workerd (use
+  `@cloudflare/vite-plugin` or `wrangler dev`).
+
+## See also
+
+- `response-routes` — the parent skill for `path.json/text/html/stream/any`.
+- `middleware` — how global and route-level middleware compose with handlers.

package/skills/typesafety/SKILL.md

@@ -369,8 +369,18 @@ interface PaginationData {
   perPage: number;
 }
 export const Pagination = createVar<PaginationData>();
+
+// Non-cacheable var — reading inside cache() or "use cache" throws at runtime
+const Session = createVar<SessionData>({ cache: false });
 ```
 
+`createVar` accepts an optional options object. The `cache` option (default
+`true`) controls whether the var's values can be read inside cache scopes.
+Write-level escalation is also supported: `ctx.set(Var, value, { cache: false })`
+marks a specific write as non-cacheable even if the var itself is cacheable.
+"Least cacheable wins" — if either says `cache: false`, the value throws on
+read inside `cache()` or `"use cache"`.
+
 ### Producer (handler or middleware)
 
 ```typescript

package/src/__internal.ts

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ export type {
  * @internal
  * Type guard for prerender handler definitions.
  */
-export { isPrerenderHandler } from "./prerender.js";
+export { isPrerenderHandler, isPassthroughHandler } from "./prerender.js";
 
 /**
  * @internal

package/src/browser/app-version.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/**
+ * Mutable app version — updated after HMR revalidation.
+ * Read by prefetch, navigation, and context code.
+ */
+
+let currentVersion: string | undefined;
+
+export function getAppVersion(): string | undefined {
+  return currentVersion;
+}
+
+export function setAppVersion(version: string | undefined): void {
+  currentVersion = version;
+}

package/src/browser/event-controller.ts

@@ -79,6 +79,8 @@ export interface DerivedNavigationState {
   state: "idle" | "loading";
   /** Whether any operation is streaming */
   isStreaming: boolean;
+  /** Whether a navigation is active (fetching or streaming, before commit) */
+  isNavigating: boolean;
   /** Current committed location */
   location: NavigationLocation;
   /** URL being navigated to (null if idle) */
@@ -389,6 +391,9 @@ export function createEventController(
     return {
       state,
       isStreaming,
+      // True when a navigation is active (fetching or streaming, before
+      // commit). Broader than pendingUrl which clears during streaming.
+      isNavigating: currentNavigation !== null,
       location,
       // pendingUrl only during fetching phase - once streaming starts (URL changed), not pending.
       // Background revalidations (skipLoadingState) don't expose a pending URL.

package/src/browser/navigation-bridge.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import type {
   NavigateOptionsInternal,
   ResolvedSegment,
 } from "./types.js";
+import { setAppVersion } from "./app-version.js";
 import * as React from "react";
 import { startTransition } from "react";
 import {
@@ -67,8 +68,8 @@ export interface NavigationBridgeConfigWithController extends NavigationBridgeCo
 export function createNavigationBridge(
   config: NavigationBridgeConfigWithController,
 ): NavigationBridge {
-  const { store, client, eventController, onUpdate, renderSegments, version } =
-    config;
+  const { store, client, eventController, onUpdate, renderSegments } = config;
+  let version = config.version;
 
   // Create shared partial updater
   const fetchPartialUpdate = createPartialUpdater({
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ export function createNavigationBridge(
     client,
     onUpdate,
     renderSegments,
-    version,
+    getVersion: () => version,
   });
 
   return {
@@ -260,18 +261,24 @@ export function createNavigationBridge(
       // 2. routes that CAN be intercepted - we don't know if this navigation will intercept
       // 3. when leaving intercept - we need fresh non-intercept segments from server
       // 4. redirect-with-state - force re-render so hooks read fresh state
+      // 5. stale cache - server action invalidated it, need fresh data with loading state
       const hasUsableCache =
         cachedSegments &&
         cachedSegments.length > 0 &&
         !isInterceptOnlyCache(cachedSegments) &&
         !hasInterceptCache &&
         !isLeavingIntercept &&
+        !cached?.stale &&
         !options?._skipCache;
 
+      // Forward navigations always await fetchPartialUpdate before rendering,
+      // so useNavigation should always report "loading". skipLoadingState is
+      // only used for popstate background revalidation (line ~526) where
+      // cached content renders instantly without a network wait.
       const tx = createNavigationTransaction(store, eventController, url, {
         ...options,
         state: resolvedState,
-        skipLoadingState: hasUsableCache,
+        skipLoadingState: false,
       });
 
       // REVALIDATE: Fetch fresh data from server
@@ -411,6 +418,15 @@ export function createNavigationBridge(
         eventController.abortAllActions();
       }
 
+      // Popstate that exits an intercept to a non-intercept destination. The
+      // fallback fetch path below needs `leave-intercept` mode so it filters
+      // the cached @modal segment from the request and forces a re-render —
+      // otherwise a cache-miss popstate whose server response has an empty
+      // diff hits the "no changes" branch in partial-update and the modal
+      // stays on screen.
+      const isLeavingIntercept =
+        !isIntercept && currentInterceptSource !== null;
+
       // Compute history key from URL (with intercept suffix if applicable)
       const historyKey = generateHistoryKey(url, { intercept: isIntercept });
 
@@ -447,6 +463,12 @@ export function createNavigationBridge(
         store.setCurrentUrl(url);
         store.setPath(new URL(url).pathname);
 
+        // Restore router identity from cache so subsequent navigations
+        // don't falsely detect an app switch.
+        if (cached?.routerId) {
+          store.setRouterId?.(cached.routerId);
+        }
+
         // Render from cache - force await to skip loading fallbacks
         try {
           const root = await renderSegments(cachedSegments, {
@@ -555,7 +577,11 @@ export function createNavigationBridge(
             intercept: isIntercept,
             interceptSourceUrl,
           }),
-          isIntercept ? { type: "navigate", interceptSourceUrl } : undefined,
+          isIntercept
+            ? { type: "navigate", interceptSourceUrl }
+            : isLeavingIntercept
+              ? { type: "leave-intercept" }
+              : undefined,
         );
         // Restore scroll position after fetch completes
         handleNavigationEnd({ restore: true, isStreaming });
@@ -632,6 +658,12 @@ export function createNavigationBridge(
         window.removeEventListener("pageshow", handlePageShow);
       };
     },
+
+    updateVersion(newVersion: string): void {
+      version = newVersion;
+      setAppVersion(newVersion);
+      store.clearHistoryCache();
+    },
   };
 }