@rangojs/router 0.0.0-experimental.bd6e11bc → 0.0.0-experimental.bdaf10aa

package/src/router/revalidation.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import {
 import type { RevalidationTraceEntry } from "./logging.js";
 import { _getRequestContext } from "../server/request-context.js";
 import { isAutoGeneratedRouteName } from "../route-name.js";
+import { paramsEqual } from "./params-util.js";
 
 /**
  * Resolve a server-action reference's stable id, mirroring how the action
@@ -32,16 +33,21 @@ function resolveActionRefId(ref: unknown): string | undefined {
 }
 
 /**
- * Build the `isAction()` helper bound to the current action's id. Matches a
- * single imported action reference, several (variadic), or any export of a
- * namespace import (`import * as Mod`). Returns `false` when there is no action
- * (plain navigation) or nothing matches.
+ * Build the `isAction()` helper bound to the current action's id. Called with no
+ * arguments it answers "is this request an action at all?" (any action) — `true`
+ * during action handling, `false` on plain navigation. Called with one or more
+ * action references it narrows to those: a single imported action, several
+ * (variadic), or any export of a namespace import (`import * as Mod`). Returns
+ * `false` when there is no action (plain navigation) or nothing matches.
  */
 function makeIsAction(
   currentActionId: string | undefined,
 ): (...actions: ActionRef[]) => boolean {
   return (...actions: ActionRef[]): boolean => {
     if (!currentActionId) return false;
+    // Bare isAction(): an action is in flight (currentActionId is set) and the
+    // caller did not narrow to a specific action, so this is "any action".
+    if (actions.length === 0) return true;
     for (const action of actions) {
       if (typeof action === "function") {
         if (resolveActionRefId(action) === currentActionId) return true;
@@ -56,22 +62,6 @@ function makeIsAction(
   };
 }
 
-function paramsEqual(
-  a: Record<string, string>,
-  b: Record<string, string>,
-): boolean {
-  if (a === b) return true;
-
-  const keysA = Object.keys(a);
-  if (keysA.length !== Object.keys(b).length) return false;
-
-  for (const key of keysA) {
-    if (a[key] !== b[key]) return false;
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
 /**
  * Options for revalidation evaluation
  */
@@ -136,8 +126,6 @@ export async function evaluateRevalidation<TEnv>(
   const paramsChanged = !paramsEqual(nextParams, prevParams);
   const searchChanged = prevUrl.search !== nextUrl.search;
 
-  // Trace helper: push a structured entry to the request-scoped trace buffer.
-  // Guarded by isTraceActive() so object construction is skipped in production.
   function pushTrace(
     defaultVal: boolean,
     finalVal: boolean,
@@ -156,43 +144,28 @@ export async function evaluateRevalidation<TEnv>(
     });
   }
 
-  // Calculate default revalidation based on segment type and request method
   let defaultShouldRevalidate: boolean;
   let defaultReason: string;
 
   if (defaultOverride) {
-    // Caller injected the seed (e.g. parallel slot not in clientSegmentIds).
-    // Skip the type-derived heuristic — caller knows better in this context.
     defaultShouldRevalidate = defaultOverride.value;
     defaultReason = defaultOverride.reason;
   } else if (request.method === "POST") {
-    // Actions: revalidate segments that belong to the route, skip parent chain
     if (segment.type === "route") {
-      // Route segment always revalidates on actions
       defaultShouldRevalidate = true;
       defaultReason = "action:route-segment";
     } else if (segment.type === "loader") {
-      // Loaders always revalidate on actions - they often contain action-sensitive data
-      // (e.g., cart count after add-to-cart action)
       defaultShouldRevalidate = true;
       defaultReason = "action:loader-segment";
     } else if (segment.belongsToRoute) {
-      // Segment belongs to route (orphan layouts/parallels) - revalidate
       defaultShouldRevalidate = true;
       defaultReason = "action:belongs-to-route";
     } else {
-      // Parent chain segment (shared layouts/parallels) - don't revalidate
       defaultShouldRevalidate = false;
       defaultReason = "action:parent-chain-skip";
     }
   } else {
-    // Navigation (GET): Conservative defaults to minimize unnecessary revalidations
-    // Only the route segment revalidates by default - all others require explicit opt-in
-
     if (segment.type === "route") {
-      // Route segments revalidate when path params OR search params change.
-      // Search params (e.g., ?page=2&sort=price) are server-parsed via ctx.search,
-      // so the handler must re-execute to produce updated content.
       const routeChanged = paramsChanged || searchChanged;
       defaultShouldRevalidate = routeChanged;
       defaultReason = paramsChanged
@@ -208,8 +181,6 @@ export async function evaluateRevalidation<TEnv>(
         });
       }
     } else if (segment.belongsToRoute && (paramsChanged || searchChanged)) {
-      // Children of the route path (loaders, orphan layouts/parallels)
-      // revalidate when path params or search params change
       defaultShouldRevalidate = true;
       defaultReason = paramsChanged
         ? "nav:route-child-params-changed"
@@ -221,9 +192,6 @@ export async function evaluateRevalidation<TEnv>(
         searchChanged,
       });
     } else {
-      // Parent layouts and parallels default to no revalidation
-      // Cannot assume these segments depend on params without explicit declaration
-      // Use custom revalidation functions to opt-in when needed
       defaultShouldRevalidate = false;
       defaultReason = "nav:non-route-skip";
       debugLog("revalidation", "non-route segment skipped by default", {
@@ -233,7 +201,6 @@ export async function evaluateRevalidation<TEnv>(
     }
   }
 
-  // No custom revalidations defined - return default behavior without prev segment
   if (revalidations.length === 0) {
     if (defaultShouldRevalidate) {
       debugLog("revalidation", "default revalidate=true", {
@@ -250,14 +217,10 @@ export async function evaluateRevalidation<TEnv>(
     return defaultShouldRevalidate;
   }
 
-  // Custom revalidations exist - may need full prev segment
-  // Lazy load prev segment only if getPrevSegment provided
   const prevSegment = getPrevSegment ? await getPrevSegment() : null;
 
-  // Execute revalidation functions with soft/hard decision pattern
   let currentSuggestion = defaultShouldRevalidate;
 
-  // Compute public route names (filtered: undefined for auto-generated routes)
   const toRouteName =
     routeKey && !isAutoGeneratedRouteName(routeKey) ? routeKey : undefined;
   const reqCtx = _getRequestContext();
@@ -268,37 +231,73 @@ export async function evaluateRevalidation<TEnv>(
       : undefined;
 
   for (const { name, fn } of revalidations) {
-    const result = fn({
-      currentParams: prevSegment?.params || prevParams, // Use segment params if available, else route params
-      currentUrl: prevUrl,
-      nextParams,
-      nextUrl,
-      defaultShouldRevalidate: currentSuggestion,
-      context,
-      // Segment metadata (which segment is being evaluated)
-      segmentType: segment.type,
-      layoutName: segment.layoutName,
-      slotName: segment.slot,
-      // Action context (only populated when triggered by server action)
-      actionId: actionContext?.actionId,
-      isAction: makeIsAction(actionContext?.actionId),
-      actionUrl: actionContext?.actionUrl,
-      actionResult: actionContext?.actionResult,
-      formData: actionContext?.formData,
-      method: request.method, // GET for navigation, POST for actions
-      routeName: toRouteName, // Navigation target route name (filtered)
-      fromRouteName, // Navigation source route name (filtered)
-      toRouteName, // Navigation target route name (filtered)
-      // Stale cache context (only true for background revalidation after stale cache render)
-      stale,
-    });
+    let result: any;
+    try {
+      result = fn({
+        currentParams: prevSegment?.params || prevParams, // Use segment params if available, else route params
+        currentUrl: prevUrl,
+        nextParams,
+        nextUrl,
+        defaultShouldRevalidate: currentSuggestion,
+        context,
+        // Segment metadata (which segment is being evaluated)
+        segmentType: segment.type,
+        layoutName: segment.layoutName,
+        slotName: segment.slot,
+        // Action context (only populated when triggered by server action)
+        actionId: actionContext?.actionId,
+        isAction: makeIsAction(actionContext?.actionId),
+        actionUrl: actionContext?.actionUrl,
+        actionResult: actionContext?.actionResult,
+        formData: actionContext?.formData,
+        method: request.method,
+        routeName: toRouteName,
+        fromRouteName,
+        toRouteName,
+        stale,
+      });
+    } catch (error) {
+      // A thrown Response is control flow (e.g. `throw redirect(...)`), not a
+      // failure: re-throw it so the handler chokepoint (match-handlers.ts)
+      // turns it into the intended redirect/response. This mirrors how that
+      // catch special-cases `error instanceof Response`.
+      if (error instanceof Response) throw error;
+      // Fail open for genuine errors: a buggy user revalidate fn must not
+      // collapse the whole entry's loader batch into a failed partial render.
+      // Mirror the dynamic-tags fail-open in cache/cache-policy.ts: log and
+      // defer to the current default decision, leaving currentSuggestion
+      // unchanged. TODO: route through callOnError(phase "revalidation") once
+      // evaluateRevalidation is given the onError seam (today the error only
+      // reaches onError via the entry-collapse path in match-handlers.ts).
+      console.error(
+        `[revalidate] "${name}" threw for segment "${segment.id}"; using default decision:`,
+        error,
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // The revalidate fn contract (handler-context.ts) is SYNCHRONOUS: it must
+    // return a boolean, a { defaultShouldRevalidate } object, or null/undefined.
+    // A Promise-returning (async) fn matches none of the decision branches below
+    // and silently falls through keeping the current default — a hard-to-find
+    // misuse. We do NOT await it (that would change the sync contract); instead
+    // we surface it as a dev-mode warning so the silent drop is diagnosable.
+    // Mirrors defer.ts: gated to dev, stripped from production builds.
+    if (
+      process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production" &&
+      result != null &&
+      typeof (result as { then?: unknown }).then === "function"
+    ) {
+      console.warn(
+        `[rango] revalidate fn "${name}" returned a Promise; revalidate ` +
+          `functions must be synchronous (return a boolean, ` +
+          `{ defaultShouldRevalidate }, or null/undefined). The async result ` +
+          `was IGNORED and the default (${currentSuggestion}) was kept. ` +
+          `Move async work into a loader instead.`,
+      );
+    }
 
-    // Check return type:
-    // - boolean: hard decision, short-circuit immediately
-    // - { defaultShouldRevalidate: boolean }: soft decision, update suggestion and continue
-    // - null/undefined: use default behavior (equivalent to returning { defaultShouldRevalidate })
     if (typeof result === "boolean") {
-      // Hard decision - short-circuit
       debugLog("revalidation", "hard decision", {
         segmentId: segment.id,
         revalidator: name,
@@ -311,7 +310,6 @@ export async function evaluateRevalidation<TEnv>(
       typeof result === "object" &&
       "defaultShouldRevalidate" in result
     ) {
-      // Soft decision - update suggestion and continue
       currentSuggestion = result.defaultShouldRevalidate;
       debugLog("revalidation", "soft decision", {
         segmentId: segment.id,
@@ -319,18 +317,14 @@ export async function evaluateRevalidation<TEnv>(
         revalidate: currentSuggestion,
       });
     } else if (result === null || result === undefined) {
-      // Defer to default - equivalent to { defaultShouldRevalidate: currentSuggestion }
-      // This means "I don't care, use whatever the default is"
       debugLog("revalidation", "deferred to current default", {
         segmentId: segment.id,
         revalidator: name,
         revalidate: currentSuggestion,
       });
-      // currentSuggestion stays the same, continue to next function
     }
   }
 
-  // All revalidators completed - use final suggestion
   debugLog("revalidation", "final decision", {
     segmentId: segment.id,
     revalidate: currentSuggestion,

package/src/router/route-snapshot.ts

@@ -48,6 +48,15 @@ export interface RouteSnapshot<TEnv = any> {
   isPassthrough: boolean;
   /** Response type for non-RSC routes (e.g. "application/json") */
   responseType?: string;
+  /**
+   * The isSSR flag the manifest was resolved with. Recorded so consumers can
+   * decide whether the snapshot is reusable: a snapshot resolved with isSSR
+   * differs (loading({ ssr: false }) entries) and is cached under a different
+   * manifest partition, so the full (document) path only reuses an isSSR:true
+   * snapshot and the partial path only reuses a non-isSSR one. Undefined on
+   * inline snapshots (redirect / not-found) that are never reused.
+   */
+  isSSR?: boolean;
 }
 
 export type ResolveRouteResult<TEnv = any> =
@@ -56,7 +65,9 @@ export type ResolveRouteResult<TEnv = any> =
   | null;
 
 export interface ResolveRouteDeps<TEnv = any> {
-  findMatch: (pathname: string) => RouteMatchResult<TEnv> | null;
+  findMatch: (
+    pathname: string,
+  ) => RouteMatchResult<TEnv> | null | Promise<RouteMatchResult<TEnv> | null>;
   metricsStore?: MetricsStore;
   isSSR?: boolean;
   /**
@@ -105,7 +116,7 @@ export async function resolveRoute<TEnv = any>(
 
   const routeMatchStart =
     metricsStore && !skipRouteMatchMetric ? performance.now() : 0;
-  const matched = deps.findMatch(pathname);
+  const matched = await deps.findMatch(pathname);
   if (metricsStore && !skipRouteMatchMetric) {
     metricsStore.metrics.push({
       label: "route-matching",
@@ -175,6 +186,7 @@ export async function resolveRoute<TEnv = any>(
       cacheScope,
       isPassthrough,
       responseType,
+      isSSR,
     },
   };
 }
@@ -230,7 +242,6 @@ export function createRouteSnapshot<TEnv = any>(
       entry: {} as any,
       routeKey: "test",
       params: {},
-      optionalParams: new Set(),
     } as RouteMatchResult<TEnv>,
     manifestEntry: { type: "route", shortCode: "R0", parent: null } as any,
     entries: [],

package/src/router/router-context.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import type {
 } from "../types.js";
 import type { RouteMatchResult } from "./pattern-matching.js";
 import type { TelemetrySink } from "./telemetry.js";
+import type { ResolveSegmentOptions } from "./segment-resolution.js";
 
 /**
  * Revalidation context passed to segment resolution
@@ -54,10 +55,10 @@ export interface InterceptResult {
  * Instead of passing 20+ parameters, middleware calls getRouterContext() to access them.
  */
 export interface RouterContext<TEnv = any> {
-  // Route matching
-  findMatch: (pathname: string) => RouteMatchResult | null;
+  findMatch: (
+    pathname: string,
+  ) => RouteMatchResult | null | Promise<RouteMatchResult | null>;
 
-  // Manifest loading
   loadManifest: (
     entry: any,
     routeKey: string,
@@ -66,10 +67,8 @@ export interface RouterContext<TEnv = any> {
     isSSR?: boolean,
   ) => Promise<EntryData>;
 
-  // Entry traversal
   traverseBack: (entry: EntryData) => Generator<EntryData>;
 
-  // Handler context creation
   createHandlerContext: (
     params: Record<string, string>,
     request: Request,
@@ -83,7 +82,6 @@ export interface RouterContext<TEnv = any> {
     isPassthroughRoute?: boolean,
   ) => HandlerContext<any, TEnv>;
 
-  // Loader setup
   setupLoaderAccess: (
     ctx: HandlerContext<any, TEnv>,
     loaderPromises: Map<string, Promise<any>>,
@@ -94,7 +92,6 @@ export interface RouterContext<TEnv = any> {
     loaderPromises: Map<string, Promise<any>>,
   ) => void;
 
-  // Context access
   getContext: () => {
     getOrCreateStore: (key: string) => any;
     runWithStore: <T>(
@@ -105,16 +102,13 @@ export interface RouterContext<TEnv = any> {
     ) => T;
   };
 
-  // Metrics
   getMetricsStore: () => MetricsStore | undefined;
 
-  // Cache
   createCacheScope: (
     cacheConfig: any,
     parent: CacheScope | null,
   ) => CacheScope | null;
 
-  // Intercept detection
   findInterceptForRoute: (
     routeKey: string,
     parentEntry: EntryData | null,
@@ -122,7 +116,6 @@ export interface RouterContext<TEnv = any> {
     isAction: boolean,
   ) => InterceptResult | null;
 
-  // Segment resolution (with revalidation)
   resolveAllSegmentsWithRevalidation: (
     entries: EntryData[],
     routeKey: string,
@@ -133,7 +126,6 @@ export interface RouterContext<TEnv = any> {
     request: Request,
     prevUrl: URL,
     nextUrl: URL,
-    loaderPromises: Map<string, Promise<any>>,
     actionContext: any | undefined,
     interceptResult: InterceptResult | null,
     localRouteName: string,
@@ -164,14 +156,13 @@ export interface RouterContext<TEnv = any> {
     handlerContext: HandlerContext<any, TEnv>,
     belongsToRoute: boolean,
     revalidationContext?: RevalidationContext,
+    options?: { skipMiddleware?: boolean },
   ) => Promise<ResolvedSegment[]>;
 
-  // Collect with markers
   collectWithMarkers?: <T>(
     gen: AsyncGenerator<T | { __type: "id"; id: string }>,
   ) => Promise<{ items: T[]; matchedIds: string[] }>;
 
-  // Revalidation evaluation
   evaluateRevalidation: (params: {
     segment: ResolvedSegment;
     prevParams: Record<string, string>;
@@ -195,7 +186,6 @@ export interface RouterContext<TEnv = any> {
       | "intercept-loader";
   }) => Promise<boolean>;
 
-  // Request context
   getRequestContext: () =>
     | {
         waitUntil: (fn: () => Promise<void>) => void;
@@ -203,17 +193,15 @@ export interface RouterContext<TEnv = any> {
       }
     | undefined;
 
-  // Simple segment resolution (without revalidation - for full match)
   resolveAllSegments: (
     entries: EntryData[],
     routeKey: string,
     params: Record<string, string>,
     handlerContext: HandlerContext<any, TEnv>,
     loaderPromises: Map<string, Promise<any>>,
-    options?: { skipLoaders?: boolean },
+    options?: ResolveSegmentOptions,
   ) => Promise<ResolvedSegment[]>;
 
-  // Generator-based simple resolution
   resolveAllSegmentsGenerator?: (
     entries: EntryData[],
     routeKey: string,
@@ -222,21 +210,17 @@ export interface RouterContext<TEnv = any> {
     loaderPromises: Map<string, Promise<any>>,
   ) => AsyncGenerator<ResolvedSegment | { __type: "id"; id: string }>;
 
-  // Collect segments from generator
   collectSegmentsFromGenerator?: <T>(
     gen: AsyncGenerator<T | { __type: "id"; id: string }>,
   ) => Promise<T[]>;
 
-  // Handle store
   createHandleStore: () => any;
 
-  // Loaders-only resolution (for full match cache hit - no revalidation)
   resolveLoadersOnly?: (
     entries: EntryData[],
     handlerContext: HandlerContext<any, TEnv>,
   ) => Promise<ResolvedSegment[]>;
 
-  // Loaders-only resolution (for cache hit scenarios)
   resolveLoadersOnlyWithRevalidation?: (
     entries: EntryData[],
     handlerContext: HandlerContext<any, TEnv>,
@@ -258,10 +242,8 @@ export interface RouterContext<TEnv = any> {
   // Telemetry sink (optional, no-op when undefined)
   telemetry?: TelemetrySink;
 
-  // Request ID for telemetry span correlation (set per-request in match handlers)
   requestId?: string;
 
-  // Intercept loaders only (for cache hit + intercept scenarios)
   resolveInterceptLoadersOnly?: (
     intercept: InterceptEntry,
     entry: EntryData,
@@ -284,7 +266,6 @@ export interface RouterContext<TEnv = any> {
   } | null>;
 }
 
-// AsyncLocalStorage instance for router context
 const routerContext = new AsyncLocalStorage<RouterContext<any>>();
 
 /**
@@ -308,10 +289,6 @@ export function getRouterContext<TEnv = any>(): RouterContext<TEnv> {
  *
  * All async code within fn() can call getRouterContext() to access router closures.
  * This works across async boundaries thanks to AsyncLocalStorage.
- *
- * @param deps Router dependencies to make available
- * @param fn Function to run with dependencies available
- * @returns Result of fn()
  */
 export function runWithRouterContext<T, TEnv = any>(
   deps: RouterContext<TEnv>,

package/src/router/router-interfaces.ts

@@ -7,15 +7,16 @@ import type { EntryData } from "../server/context";
 import type { ErrorInfo, MatchResult } from "../types";
 import type { NonceProvider } from "../rsc/types.js";
 import type { ExecutionContext } from "../server/request-context.js";
-import type {
-  SerializedSegmentData,
-  SegmentHandleData,
-} from "../cache/types.js";
+import type { SerializedSegmentData } from "../cache/types.js";
 import type { MiddlewareEntry, MiddlewareFn } from "./middleware.js";
+import type { RouteMatchResult } from "./pattern-matching.js";
+import type { ExtractParams } from "../types/route-config.js";
 import { RSC_ROUTER_BRAND } from "./router-registry.js";
 import type { RangoOptions, RootLayoutProps } from "./router-options.js";
 import type { DefaultVars } from "../types/global-namespace.js";
 import type { ResolvedTimeouts, OnTimeoutCallback } from "./timeout.js";
+import type { ResolvedTracing } from "./tracing.js";
+import type { TelemetrySink } from "./telemetry.js";
 
 /**
  * Options passed to router.fetch(), router.match(), and other request entrypoints.
@@ -108,9 +109,14 @@ export interface Rango<
    * createRouter({ document: RootLayout })
    *   .use(loggerMiddleware)           // All routes
    *   .use("/api/*", rateLimiter)      // Pattern match
+   *   .use("/users/:id", (ctx) => {})  // ctx.params.id is typed
    *   .routes(urlpatterns)
    * ```
    */
+  use<Pattern extends string>(
+    pattern: Pattern,
+    middleware: MiddlewareFn<TEnv, ExtractParams<Pattern>>,
+  ): Rango<TEnv, TRoutes>;
   use(
     patternOrMiddleware: string | MiddlewareFn<TEnv>,
     middleware?: MiddlewareFn<TEnv>,
@@ -228,6 +234,10 @@ export interface RangoInternal<
   /**
    * Add global middleware that runs on all routes
    */
+  use<Pattern extends string>(
+    pattern: Pattern,
+    middleware: MiddlewareFn<TEnv, ExtractParams<Pattern>>,
+  ): Rango<TEnv, TRoutes>;
   use(
     patternOrMiddleware: string | MiddlewareFn<TEnv>,
     middleware?: MiddlewareFn<TEnv>,
@@ -293,6 +303,27 @@ export interface RangoInternal<
    */
   readonly prefetchCacheTTL: number;
 
+  /**
+   * Maximum number of decoded prefetch payloads the client keeps in its
+   * in-memory prefetch cache (FIFO eviction at capacity). Shipped to the
+   * client in payload metadata. Derived from prefetchCacheSize.
+   */
+  readonly prefetchCacheSize: number;
+
+  /**
+   * Maximum number of speculative prefetch requests the client runs
+   * concurrently. Shipped to the client in payload metadata. Derived from
+   * prefetchConcurrency.
+   */
+  readonly prefetchConcurrency: number;
+
+  /**
+   * Resolved rango state cookie name (`{prefix}_{routerId}`), composed once at
+   * router init and shipped to the client in payload metadata. The server-side
+   * cookie writer reads it from here; the client reads it from metadata.
+   */
+  readonly resolvedStateCookieName: string;
+
   /**
    * Whether connection warmup is enabled.
    * When true, the client sends HEAD /?_rsc_warmup after idle periods
@@ -300,12 +331,34 @@ export interface RangoInternal<
    */
   readonly warmupEnabled: boolean;
 
+  /**
+   * Whether the client hydrates inside React.StrictMode. Resolved from
+   * createRouter({ strictMode }) (default true) and shipped to the client in
+   * the initial payload metadata.
+   */
+  readonly strictMode: boolean;
+
   /**
    * Whether router-wide performance debugging is enabled.
    * Used by the request handler to create metrics before middleware runs.
    */
   readonly debugPerformance?: boolean;
 
+  /**
+   * Resolved platform phase-span tracing (Cloudflare custom spans or OTel), or
+   * undefined when off. Threaded onto the request context and read at each
+   * traced phase.
+   */
+  readonly tracing?: ResolvedTracing;
+
+  /**
+   * Raw telemetry sink from RangoOptions, exposed so handler-level emitters
+   * (rsc/handler.ts timeout/origin/late-handle) can emit WITHOUT the
+   * RouterContext ALS, which only match()/matchPartial() enter. See
+   * observeEvent's emitter list in router/instrument.ts.
+   */
+  readonly telemetry?: TelemetrySink;
+
   /**
    * Whether ?__debug_manifest is allowed in production.
    * Always enabled in development.
@@ -395,11 +448,13 @@ export interface RangoInternal<
     devMode?: boolean,
   ): Promise<{
     segments: SerializedSegmentData[];
-    handles: Record<string, SegmentHandleData>;
+    /** RSC-encoded handle map ("" when none) — see handle-snapshot.ts. */
+    handles: string;
     routeName: string;
     params: Record<string, string>;
     interceptSegments?: SerializedSegmentData[];
-    interceptHandles?: Record<string, SegmentHandleData>;
+    /** RSC-encoded MERGED (main + intercept) handle map for the intercept artifact. */
+    interceptHandles?: string;
     passthrough?: true;
   } | null>;
 
@@ -413,7 +468,7 @@ export interface RangoInternal<
     routeName?: string,
     buildEnv?: any,
     devMode?: boolean,
-  ): Promise<{ encoded: string; handles: Record<string, unknown[]> } | null>;
+  ): Promise<{ encoded: string; handles: string } | null>;
 
   /**
    * Preview match - returns route middleware without segment resolution.
@@ -471,7 +526,14 @@ export interface RangoInternal<
    * Used by classifyRequest() for request classification without
    * entering the full match pipeline.
    */
-  findMatch(pathname: string, metricsStore?: any): any;
+  // Async since a lazy async include (`() => import()`) must resolve before its
+  // routes can match. Typed (not `any`) so a consumer doing
+  // `const m = router.findMatch(p); if (!m) ...; m.entry` gets a compile error
+  // (m is a Promise) instead of the silent always-truthy bug.
+  findMatch(
+    pathname: string,
+    metricsStore?: any,
+  ): Promise<RouteMatchResult<TEnv> | null>;
 
   /**
    * Debug utility to serialize the manifest for inspection