@rangojs/router 0.0.0-experimental.b02a2fec → 0.0.0-experimental.bf1b128c

package/src/index.rsc.ts

@@ -172,6 +172,9 @@ export type { PublicRequestContext as RequestContext } from "./server/request-co
 import type { PublicRequestContext } from "./server/request-context.js";
 import type { DefaultEnv } from "./types/global-namespace.js";
 
+// Shared base for every user-facing request context (mirrors index.ts).
+export type { RequestScope, ExecutionContext } from "./types/request-scope.js";
+
 export const getRequestContext: <
   TEnv = DefaultEnv,
 >() => PublicRequestContext<TEnv> = _getRequestContextInternal;

package/src/index.ts

@@ -147,24 +147,52 @@ export { createVar, type ContextVar } from "./context-var.js";
 export { nonce } from "./rsc/nonce.js";
 
 /**
- * Error-throwing stub for server-only `Prerender` function.
+ * SSR/client stub for server-only `Prerender` function.
+ *
+ * Returns a lightweight stub object instead of throwing so that the
+ * production SSR build can safely bundle the RSC entry chunk — the SSR
+ * bundler resolves `@rangojs/router` to this (SSR) entry, so Prerender
+ * calls in RSC code must not crash at module-evaluation time.
  */
-export function Prerender(): never {
-  throw serverOnlyStubError("Prerender");
+export function Prerender(
+  _handler?: any,
+  _optionsOrId?: any,
+  __injectedId?: string,
+): any {
+  const id =
+    typeof _optionsOrId === "string" ? _optionsOrId : __injectedId || "";
+  return { __brand: "prerenderHandler" as const, $$id: id };
 }
 
 /**
- * Error-throwing stub for server-only `Passthrough` function.
+ * SSR/client stub for server-only `Passthrough` function.
  */
-export function Passthrough(): never {
-  throw serverOnlyStubError("Passthrough");
+export function Passthrough(
+  _handler?: any,
+  _optionsOrId?: any,
+  __injectedId?: string,
+): any {
+  const id =
+    typeof _optionsOrId === "string" ? _optionsOrId : __injectedId || "";
+  return { __brand: "passthroughHandler" as const, $$id: id };
 }
 
 /**
- * Error-throwing stub for server-only `Static` function.
+ * SSR/client stub for server-only `Static` function.
+ *
+ * Returns a lightweight stub object instead of throwing so that the
+ * production SSR build can safely bundle the RSC entry chunk — the SSR
+ * bundler resolves `@rangojs/router` to this (SSR) entry, so Static
+ * calls in RSC code must not crash at module-evaluation time.
  */
-export function Static(): never {
-  throw serverOnlyStubError("Static");
+export function Static(
+  _handler?: any,
+  _optionsOrId?: any,
+  __injectedId?: string,
+): any {
+  const id =
+    typeof _optionsOrId === "string" ? _optionsOrId : __injectedId || "";
+  return { __brand: "staticHandler" as const, $$id: id };
 }
 
 /**
@@ -236,6 +264,9 @@ export function transition(): never {
 // Request context type (safe for client)
 export type { PublicRequestContext as RequestContext } from "./server/request-context.js";
 
+// Shared base for every user-facing request context.
+export type { RequestScope, ExecutionContext } from "./types/request-scope.js";
+
 // Cookie store types (safe for client)
 export type {
   CookieStore,

package/src/outlet-context.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Context, createContext, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { type Context, createContext, type ReactNode } from "react";
 import type { ResolvedSegment } from "./types";
 
 export interface OutletContextValue {

package/src/response-utils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/**
+ * Runtime-neutral Response shape utilities.
+ *
+ * Kept at the src/ root so both `router/` and `rsc/` can depend on it
+ * without creating a cross-layer import cycle.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * True when a Response represents a WebSocket upgrade handoff and must not
+ * be reconstructed or mutated:
+ *
+ * - Status 101 (Switching Protocols) is outside the standard Response
+ *   constructor's 200–599 range, so `new Response(body, { status: 101 })`
+ *   throws RangeError on Node/undici and any spec-compliant runtime.
+ * - Cloudflare's workerd attaches a non-standard `webSocket` property on
+ *   the upgrade Response (e.g. from `acceptWebSocket`/`handleWebSocketUpgrade`
+ *   or the `agents` library's `routeAgentRequest`). That property is dropped
+ *   by a `new Response(...)` copy, breaking the upgrade even on workerd
+ *   where the status range is relaxed.
+ *
+ * Callers should short-circuit header/body merges for these responses.
+ */
+export function isWebSocketUpgradeResponse(response: Response): boolean {
+  return (
+    response.status === 101 ||
+    (response as unknown as { webSocket?: unknown }).webSocket != null
+  );
+}

package/src/reverse.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import type { ExtractParams } from "./types.js";
 import type { SearchSchema, ResolveSearchSchema } from "./search-params.js";
 import { serializeSearchParams } from "./search-params.js";
+import { encodePathSegment } from "./router/url-params.js";
 
 /**
  * Sanitize prefix string by removing leading slash
@@ -311,11 +312,14 @@ export function createReverse<TRoutes extends Record<string, string>>(
         /:([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)(\([^)]*\))?(\?)/g,
         (_, key, _constraint, optional) => {
           const value = params[key];
-          if (value === undefined) {
+          // Empty string is treated as omitted — the trie matcher fills
+          // unmatched optional params with "" (not undefined), so reverse
+          // must collapse those segments instead of leaving empty slots.
+          if (value === undefined || value === "") {
             hadOmittedOptional = true;
             return "";
           }
-          return encodeURIComponent(value);
+          return encodePathSegment(value);
         },
       );
       // Second pass: required params (no trailing ?)
@@ -326,7 +330,7 @@ export function createReverse<TRoutes extends Record<string, string>>(
           if (value === undefined) {
             throw new Error(`Missing param "${key}" for route "${name}"`);
           }
-          return encodeURIComponent(value);
+          return encodePathSegment(value);
         },
       );
       // Clean up slashes only when an optional param was actually omitted,

package/src/route-definition/dsl-helpers.ts

@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ const hasRoutesInItem = (item: AllUseItems): boolean => {
   if (item.type === "layout" && item.uses) {
     return item.uses.some((child) => hasRoutesInItem(child));
   }
+  if (item.type === "middleware" && item.uses) {
+    return item.uses.some((child) => hasRoutesInItem(child));
+  }
   return false;
 };
 
@@ -301,6 +304,15 @@ const cache: RouteHelpers<any, any>["cache"] = (
     return { name: namespace, type: "cache" } as CacheItem;
   }
 
+  // Inside a loader() use() callback, only the direct form — cache()/cache(opts)/
+  // cache("profile") — writes cache config to the loader entry. The wrapper
+  // form creates a structural cache boundary with its own children scope, which
+  // has no effect on the loader and would silently no-op.
+  invariant(
+    !(ctx.parent && (ctx.parent as any).type === "loader"),
+    "cache() wrapper form is not valid inside loader() use(). Use cache({...}) without children to configure the loader's cache.",
+  );
+
   // With children: create a cache entry (like layout with caching semantics)
   const namespace = `${ctx.namespace}.${cacheIndex}`;
   const cacheShortCode = store.getShortCode("cache");
@@ -353,10 +365,37 @@ const cache: RouteHelpers<any, any>["cache"] = (
   return { name: namespace, type: "cache", uses: result } as CacheItem;
 };
 
-const middleware: RouteHelpers<any, any>["middleware"] = (...fn) => {
+const middleware: RouteHelpers<any, any>["middleware"] = (...args: any[]) => {
+  // Four call forms:
+  //   middleware(fn)                       — single fn, sibling
+  //   middleware(fn, () => [...])          — single fn, wrapping
+  //   middleware([fn1, fn2])              — array, sibling
+  //   middleware([fn1, fn2], () => [...]) — array, wrapping
+  const isArray = Array.isArray(args[0]);
+
+  // Reject the removed variadic form before executing anything.
+  // middleware(fn1, fn2, fn3) — 3+ args, always wrong.
+  // middleware(fn1, fn2) where fn2 is a middleware fn (length >= 1), not a
+  // children callback (length === 0) — legacy two-fn form, reject early.
+  if (
+    args.length > 2 ||
+    (!isArray &&
+      args.length === 2 &&
+      typeof args[1] === "function" &&
+      args[1].length > 0)
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(
+      "middleware() no longer accepts variadic arguments. " +
+        "Use middleware([fn1, fn2, ...]) instead of middleware(fn1, fn2, ...).",
+    );
+  }
+
+  const fns: MiddlewareFn<any>[] = isArray ? args[0] : [args[0]];
+  const children: (() => any[]) | undefined =
+    typeof args[1] === "function" ? args[1] : undefined;
+
   // Prevent "use cache" functions from being used as middleware.
-  // Checked before context validation — this is a static invariant.
-  for (const f of fn) {
+  for (const f of fns) {
     if (isCachedFunction(f)) {
       throw new Error(
         `A "use cache" function cannot be used as middleware. ` +
@@ -367,17 +406,80 @@ const middleware: RouteHelpers<any, any>["middleware"] = (...fn) => {
     }
   }
 
-  const ctx = getContext().getStore();
+  const store = getContext();
+  const ctx = store.getStore();
   if (!ctx) throw new Error("middleware() must be called inside map()");
 
-  // Attach to last entry in stack
-  const parent = ctx.parent;
-  if (!parent || !("middleware" in parent)) {
-    invariant(false, "No parent entry available for middleware()");
+  if (!children) {
+    // Sibling mode: attach to parent entry
+    const parent = ctx.parent;
+    if (!parent || !("middleware" in parent)) {
+      invariant(false, "No parent entry available for middleware()");
+    }
+    const name = `$${store.getNextIndex("middleware")}`;
+    parent.middleware.push(...fns);
+    return { name, type: "middleware" } as MiddlewareItem;
   }
-  const name = `$${getContext().getNextIndex("middleware")}`;
-  parent.middleware.push(...fn);
-  return { name, type: "middleware" } as MiddlewareItem;
+
+  // Wrapping mode: create a transparent layout that carries the middleware
+  const mwIndex = store.getNextIndex("middleware");
+  const namespace = `${ctx.namespace}.${mwIndex}`;
+
+  const urlPrefix = getUrlPrefix();
+  const entry = {
+    id: namespace,
+    shortCode: store.getShortCode("layout"),
+    type: "layout",
+    parent: ctx.parent,
+    handler: RootLayout,
+    loading: undefined,
+    middleware: [...fns],
+    revalidate: [],
+    errorBoundary: [],
+    notFoundBoundary: [],
+    layout: [],
+    parallel: {},
+    intercept: [],
+    loader: [],
+    ...(urlPrefix ? { mountPath: urlPrefix } : {}),
+  } as EntryData;
+
+  // Run children callback. If the second arg was actually a middleware fn
+  // (old variadic form: middleware(mw1, mw2)), this will return a non-array
+  // and the invariant below gives a clear migration error.
+  const rawResult = store.run(namespace, entry, children);
+
+  invariant(
+    Array.isArray(rawResult),
+    "middleware(fn, children) expects the second argument to return an array of use items. " +
+      "To pass multiple middleware, use middleware([fn1, fn2]).",
+  );
+
+  const result = rawResult.flat(3);
+
+  invariant(
+    result.every((item: any) => isValidUseItem(item)),
+    `middleware() children callback must return an array of use items [${namespace}]`,
+  );
+
+  const hasRoutes =
+    result &&
+    Array.isArray(result) &&
+    result.some((item) => item != null && hasRoutesInItem(item));
+
+  if (!hasRoutes) {
+    const parent = ctx.parent;
+    if (parent && "layout" in parent) {
+      entry.parent = null;
+      parent.layout.push(entry);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    name: namespace,
+    type: "middleware",
+    uses: result,
+  } as MiddlewareItem;
 };
 
 const parallel: RouteHelpers<any, any>["parallel"] = (slots, use) => {
@@ -398,13 +500,25 @@ const parallel: RouteHelpers<any, any>["parallel"] = (slots, use) => {
 
   const namespace = `${ctx.namespace}.$${store.getNextIndex("parallel")}`;
 
-  // Unwrap any static handler definitions in parallel slots
+  // Unwrap slot values. A slot value can be:
+  //   - a Handler / ReactNode (legacy form)
+  //   - a Static() definition (build-time only)
+  //   - a slot descriptor `{ handler, use? }` for slot-local overrides
+  // The descriptor's `use` runs after the broadcast `use` for that slot,
+  // so single-assignment items like `loading()` placed there win without
+  // affecting siblings.
   const unwrappedSlots: Record<string, any> = {};
+  const slotLocalUses: Record<string, (() => any[]) | undefined> = {};
   let hasStaticSlot = false;
   const staticSlotIds: Record<string, string> = {};
-  for (const [slotName, slotHandler] of Object.entries(
+  for (const [slotName, rawSlot] of Object.entries(
     slots as Record<string, any>,
   )) {
+    let slotHandler: any = rawSlot;
+    if (isSlotDescriptor(rawSlot)) {
+      slotHandler = rawSlot.handler;
+      slotLocalUses[slotName] = rawSlot.use;
+    }
     if (isStaticHandler(slotHandler)) {
       hasStaticSlot = true;
       unwrappedSlots[slotName] = slotHandler.handler;
@@ -471,13 +585,25 @@ const parallel: RouteHelpers<any, any>["parallel"] = (slots, use) => {
           }),
     } satisfies EntryData;
 
-    // Per-slot: handler.use defaults first, then explicit use second.
-    // This matches the "defaults first, overrides second" rule used by
-    // path(), layout(), and intercept(). Each slot's handler.use is
-    // scoped to its own entry (no cross-slot bleed).
-    const slotHandler = (slots as Record<string, any>)[slotName];
-    const slotHandlerUse = resolveHandlerUse(slotHandler);
-    const slotMergedUse = mergeHandlerUse(slotHandlerUse, use, "parallel");
+    // Per-slot merge order (narrowest-scope-wins for single-assignment items
+    // like loading()):
+    //   1. handler.use      — defaults baked into the handler
+    //   2. shared `use`     — broadcast at the parallel() call site
+    //   3. slot-local `use` — per-slot override via `{ handler, use }` descriptor
+    // Items that accumulate (loader, middleware, revalidate, …) compose
+    // across all three layers regardless of order.
+    const rawSlot = (slots as Record<string, any>)[slotName];
+    const slotHandlerForUse = isSlotDescriptor(rawSlot)
+      ? rawSlot.handler
+      : rawSlot;
+    const slotHandlerUse = resolveHandlerUse(slotHandlerForUse);
+    const slotLocalUse = slotLocalUses[slotName];
+    const explicitUse = combineExplicitUses(use, slotLocalUse);
+    const slotMergedUse = mergeHandlerUse(
+      slotHandlerUse,
+      explicitUse,
+      "parallel",
+    );
     if (slotMergedUse) {
       const result = store.run(namespace, slotEntry, slotMergedUse)?.flat(3);
       invariant(
@@ -491,6 +617,28 @@ const parallel: RouteHelpers<any, any>["parallel"] = (slots, use) => {
   return { name: namespace, type: "parallel" } as ParallelItem;
 };
 
+function isSlotDescriptor(
+  value: unknown,
+): value is { handler: unknown; use?: () => any[] } {
+  return (
+    typeof value === "object" &&
+    value !== null &&
+    !("__brand" in value) &&
+    "handler" in value &&
+    typeof (value as any).handler !== "undefined"
+  );
+}
+
+function combineExplicitUses(
+  sharedUse: (() => any[]) | undefined,
+  slotLocalUse: (() => any[]) | undefined,
+): (() => any[]) | undefined {
+  if (!sharedUse && !slotLocalUse) return undefined;
+  if (!slotLocalUse) return sharedUse;
+  if (!sharedUse) return slotLocalUse;
+  return () => [...sharedUse(), ...slotLocalUse()];
+}
+
 /**
  * Intercept helper - defines an intercepting route for soft navigation
  */
@@ -611,8 +759,12 @@ const loaderFn: RouteHelpers<any, any>["loader"] = (loaderDef, use) => {
     revalidate: [] as ShouldRevalidateFn<any, any>[],
   };
 
-  // If use() callback provided, run it to collect revalidation rules and cache config
-  if (use && typeof use === "function") {
+  // Merge handler.use defaults (attached to the loader definition) with explicit use
+  const handlerUseFn = resolveHandlerUse(loaderDef);
+  const mergedUse = mergeHandlerUse(handlerUseFn, use, "loader");
+
+  // If any use callback is in effect, run it to collect revalidation rules and cache config
+  if (mergedUse) {
     // Temporarily set context for revalidate()/cache() calls to target this loader
     const originalParent = ctx.parent;
     // Create a temporary "parent" with type "loader" so cache() can detect it.
@@ -625,7 +777,7 @@ const loaderFn: RouteHelpers<any, any>["loader"] = (loaderDef, use) => {
     };
     ctx.parent = tempParent as EntryData;
 
-    const result = use()?.flat(3);
+    const result = mergedUse()?.flat(3);
 
     // Copy cache config only if cache() was called during the use() callback.
     // The spread from originalParent may carry an inherited .cache from

package/src/route-definition/helpers-types.ts

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ export type RouteHelpers<T extends RouteDefinition, TEnv> = {
    *   "@main": async (ctx) => <MainContent data={ctx.use(DataLoader)} />,
    * })
    *
-   * // With loaders and loading states
+   * // With loaders and loading states (broadcast to every slot)
    * parallel({
    *   "@analytics": AnalyticsPanel,
    *   "@metrics": MetricsPanel,
@@ -131,12 +131,36 @@ export type RouteHelpers<T extends RouteDefinition, TEnv> = {
    *   loader(DashboardLoader),
    *   loading(<DashboardSkeleton />),
    * ])
+   *
+   * // Per-slot scoped use via slot descriptor — for single-assignment items
+   * // like loading() that should not broadcast to siblings.
+   * parallel({
+   *   "@meta": MetaSlot,
+   *   "@sidebar": {
+   *     handler: SidebarSlot,
+   *     use: () => [loading(<SidebarSkeleton />)],
+   *   },
+   * })
    * ```
    * @param slots - Object with slot names (prefixed with @) mapped to handlers
+   *                or `{ handler, use? }` slot descriptors.
    * @param use - Optional callback for loaders, loading, revalidate, etc.
+   *              Items here apply to every slot in the call (broadcast).
+   *              For per-slot single-assignment items, use the slot descriptor's
+   *              own `use` callback — slot-local items run after the broadcast,
+   *              so they take precedence on `loading()` and other last-write-wins
+   *              fields.
    */
   parallel: <
-    TSlots extends Record<`@${string}`, Handler<any, any, TEnv> | ReactNode>,
+    TSlots extends Record<
+      `@${string}`,
+      | Handler<any, any, TEnv>
+      | ReactNode
+      | {
+          handler: Handler<any, any, TEnv> | ReactNode;
+          use?: () => UseItems<ParallelUseItem>;
+        }
+    >,
   >(
     slots: TSlots,
     use?: () => UseItems<ParallelUseItem>,
@@ -182,21 +206,41 @@ export type RouteHelpers<T extends RouteDefinition, TEnv> = {
     ): InterceptItem;
   };
   /**
-   * Attach middleware to the current route/layout
+   * Attach middleware to the current route/layout, or wrap child segments
+   *
+   * **Sibling mode** — attaches middleware to the parent entry:
    * ```typescript
-   * middleware(async (ctx, next) => {
-   *   const session = await getSession(ctx.request);
-   *   if (!session) return redirect("/login");
-   *   ctx.set("user", session.user);
-   *   next();
-   * })
+   * layout(<DashboardShell />, () => [
+   *   middleware(authMiddleware),
+   *   middleware([authMiddleware, loggingMiddleware]),
+   *   path("/", DashboardPage),
+   * ])
+   * ```
    *
-   * // Chain multiple middleware
-   * middleware(authMiddleware, loggingMiddleware, rateLimitMiddleware)
+   * **Wrapping mode** — scopes middleware to the children only:
+   * ```typescript
+   * middleware(authMiddleware, () => [
+   *   path("/dashboard", DashboardPage),
+   *   path("/settings", SettingsPage),
+   * ])
+   *
+   * middleware([authMiddleware, loggingMiddleware], () => [
+   *   path("/admin", AdminPage),
+   * ])
    * ```
-   * @param fns - One or more middleware functions to execute in order
    */
-  middleware: (...fns: MiddlewareFn<TEnv>[]) => MiddlewareItem;
+  middleware: {
+    (fn: MiddlewareFn<TEnv>): MiddlewareItem;
+    (
+      fn: MiddlewareFn<TEnv>,
+      children: () => UseItems<LayoutUseItem>,
+    ): MiddlewareItem;
+    (fns: MiddlewareFn<TEnv>[]): MiddlewareItem;
+    (
+      fns: MiddlewareFn<TEnv>[],
+      children: () => UseItems<LayoutUseItem>,
+    ): MiddlewareItem;
+  };
   /**
    * Control when a segment should revalidate during navigation
    * ```typescript
@@ -215,7 +259,12 @@ export type RouteHelpers<T extends RouteDefinition, TEnv> = {
    *   ({ defaultShouldRevalidate: true })
    * )
    * ```
-   * @param fn - Function that returns boolean (hard) or { defaultShouldRevalidate } (soft)
+   * @param fn - Function returning either:
+   *   - `boolean` (hard decision — short-circuits the chain),
+   *   - `{ defaultShouldRevalidate: boolean }` (soft — updates the suggestion
+   *     for downstream revalidators),
+   *   - or nothing / `null` / `undefined` (defer — leaves the suggestion
+   *     unchanged and continues to the next revalidator).
    */
   revalidate: (fn: ShouldRevalidateFn<any, TEnv>) => RevalidateItem;
   /**

package/src/route-definition/resolve-handler-use.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ export function resolveHandlerUse(handler: unknown): (() => any[]) | undefined {
   if (isStaticHandler(handler)) {
     return (handler as any).use;
   }
+  // Loader definitions from createLoader() — branded objects with optional .use
+  if (typeof handler === "object" && (handler as any).__brand === "loader") {
+    return (handler as any).use;
+  }
   // Plain handler function
   if (typeof handler === "function") {
     return (handler as any).use;
@@ -99,6 +103,8 @@ const MOUNT_SITE_ALLOWED_TYPES: Record<string, Set<string>> = {
     "when",
     "transition",
   ]),
+  // LoaderUseItem — only revalidate + cache can attach to a loader entry
+  loader: new Set(["revalidate", "cache"]),
 };
 
 /**

package/src/route-types.ts

@@ -176,6 +176,13 @@ export type IncludeItem = {
     >;
     /** Root scope flag for dot-local reverse resolution */
     rootScoped?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Positional include scope token composed from the parent scope plus this
+     * include's sibling index (`${parentScope}I${idx}`). Applied to direct-
+     * descendant shortCodes during lazy evaluation so routes inside the
+     * include cannot collide with siblings declared outside it.
+     */
+    includeScope?: string;
   };
   [IncludeBrand]: void;
 };

package/src/router/handler-context.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ import { isInsideCacheScope } from "../server/context.js";
 import { NOCACHE_SYMBOL, assertNotInsideCacheExec } from "../cache/taint.js";
 import { isAutoGeneratedRouteName } from "../route-name.js";
 import { PRERENDER_PASSTHROUGH } from "../prerender.js";
+import { encodePathSegment } from "./url-params.js";
+import { fireAndForgetWaitUntil } from "../types/request-scope.js";
 
 /**
  * Strip internal _rsc* query params from a URL.
@@ -174,11 +176,14 @@ export function createReverseFunction(
         /:([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)(\([^)]*\))?(\?)/g,
         (_, key) => {
           const value = effectiveParams[key];
-          if (value === undefined) {
+          // Empty string is treated as omitted — the trie matcher fills
+          // unmatched optional params with "" (not undefined), so reverse
+          // must collapse those segments instead of leaving empty slots.
+          if (value === undefined || value === "") {
             hadOmittedOptional = true;
             return "";
           }
-          return encodeURIComponent(value);
+          return encodePathSegment(value);
         },
       );
       // Second pass: required params (no trailing ?)
@@ -189,7 +194,7 @@ export function createReverseFunction(
           if (value === undefined) {
             throw new Error(`Missing param "${key}" for route "${name}"`);
           }
-          return encodeURIComponent(value);
+          return encodePathSegment(value);
         },
       );
       // Clean up slashes only when an optional param was actually omitted,
@@ -278,8 +283,12 @@ export function createHandlerContext<TEnv>(
     search: searchSchema ? resolvedSearchParams : {},
     pathname,
     url,
-    originalUrl: new URL(request.url),
+    originalUrl: requestContext?.originalUrl ?? new URL(request.url),
     env: bindings,
+    waitUntil: requestContext
+      ? requestContext.waitUntil.bind(requestContext)
+      : fireAndForgetWaitUntil,
+    executionContext: requestContext?.executionContext,
     _variables: variables,
     get: ((keyOrVar: any) => {
       // Read-time guard: non-cacheable var inside cache() → throw.
@@ -384,6 +393,12 @@ export function createPrerenderContext<TEnv>(
           "Configure buildEnv in your rango() plugin options to enable build-time env access.",
       );
     },
+    // Build-time prerender has no live request. waitUntil is a true no-op
+    // (running fn() here would fire side effects during build, which is
+    // incorrect — these are meant to outlive the live response).
+    // executionContext is absent for the same reason.
+    waitUntil: () => {},
+    executionContext: undefined,
     _variables: variables,
     get: ((keyOrVar: any) => contextGet(variables, keyOrVar)) as any,
     set: ((keyOrVar: any, value: any) => {
@@ -473,6 +488,11 @@ export function createStaticContext<TEnv>(
           "Configure buildEnv in your rango() plugin options to enable build-time env access.",
       );
     },
+    // Static() handlers have no live request. waitUntil is a true no-op
+    // (running fn() here would fire side effects during build, which is
+    // incorrect). executionContext is absent for the same reason.
+    waitUntil: () => {},
+    executionContext: undefined,
     _variables: variables,
     get: ((keyOrVar: any) => contextGet(variables, keyOrVar)) as any,
     set: ((keyOrVar: any, value: any) => {