@rangojs/router 0.0.0-experimental.12 → 0.0.0-experimental.121

package/src/router/segment-resolution/revalidation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1420 @@
+/**
+ * Revalidation Path Segment Resolution
+ *
+ * Functions for resolving segments during partial (revalidation) requests.
+ * Mirrors the fresh path but adds revalidation awareness: only re-resolves
+ * segments whose revalidate() predicate returns true.
+ */
+
+import type { ReactNode } from "react";
+import { invariant } from "../../errors";
+import { revalidate } from "../loader-resolution.js";
+import { evaluateRevalidation } from "../revalidation.js";
+import {
+  getParallelEntries,
+  getParallelSlotEntries,
+  type EntryData,
+} from "../../server/context";
+import type {
+  HandlerContext,
+  InternalHandlerContext,
+  ResolvedSegment,
+  ShouldRevalidateFn,
+} from "../../types";
+import type {
+  SegmentResolutionDeps,
+  SegmentRevalidationResult,
+  ActionContext,
+} from "../types.js";
+import {
+  debugLog,
+  pushRevalidationTraceEntry,
+  isTraceActive,
+} from "../logging.js";
+import { resolveLoaderData } from "./loader-cache.js";
+import {
+  handleHandlerResult,
+  tryStaticHandler,
+  tryStaticSlot,
+  resolveLayoutComponent,
+  resolveWithErrorBoundary,
+} from "./helpers.js";
+import { applyViewTransitionDefault } from "./view-transition-default.js";
+import { getRouterContext } from "../router-context.js";
+import { resolveSink, safeEmit } from "../telemetry.js";
+import {
+  track,
+  RangoContext,
+  runInsideLoaderScope,
+} from "../../server/context.js";
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Telemetry helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Attach a fire-and-forget rejection observer to a streamed handler promise.
+ * Silently no-ops when called outside RouterContext (e.g. in unit tests).
+ */
+function observeStreamedHandler(
+  promise: Promise<ReactNode>,
+  segmentId: string,
+  segmentType: string,
+  pathname?: string,
+  routeKey?: string,
+  params?: Record<string, string>,
+): void {
+  let routerCtx;
+  try {
+    routerCtx = getRouterContext();
+  } catch {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!routerCtx?.telemetry) return;
+  const sink = resolveSink(routerCtx.telemetry);
+  const reqId = routerCtx.requestId;
+  promise.catch((err: unknown) => {
+    const errorObj = err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err));
+    safeEmit(sink, {
+      type: "handler.error",
+      timestamp: performance.now(),
+      requestId: reqId,
+      segmentId,
+      segmentType,
+      error: errorObj,
+      handledByBoundary: true,
+      pathname,
+      routeKey,
+      params,
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Trace a parallel slot that's being force-rendered on a full refetch (client
+ * has no cached state). User revalidate fns are bypassed in this case — see
+ * the call sites for the load-bearing rationale.
+ */
+function traceFullRefetchedParallelSlot(
+  parallelId: string,
+  belongsToRoute: boolean,
+): void {
+  if (!isTraceActive()) return;
+  pushRevalidationTraceEntry({
+    segmentId: parallelId,
+    segmentType: "parallel",
+    belongsToRoute,
+    source: "parallel",
+    defaultShouldRevalidate: true,
+    finalShouldRevalidate: true,
+    reason: "full-refetch",
+  });
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Revalidation telemetry helper
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Emit revalidation.decision telemetry for a segment if a sink is configured.
+ * Called after evaluateRevalidation returns to capture the decision.
+ * Silently no-ops when called outside RouterContext (e.g. in unit tests).
+ */
+function emitRevalidationDecision(
+  segmentId: string,
+  pathname: string,
+  routeKey: string,
+  shouldRevalidate: boolean,
+): void {
+  let routerCtx;
+  try {
+    routerCtx = getRouterContext();
+  } catch {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (routerCtx?.telemetry) {
+    safeEmit(resolveSink(routerCtx.telemetry), {
+      type: "revalidation.decision",
+      timestamp: performance.now(),
+      requestId: routerCtx.requestId,
+      segmentId,
+      pathname,
+      routeKey,
+      shouldRevalidate,
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Revalidation path (partial match)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Resolve loaders with revalidation awareness (for partial rendering).
+ * Returns both segments to render AND all matched segment IDs.
+ */
+export async function resolveLoadersWithRevalidation<TEnv>(
+  entry: EntryData,
+  ctx: HandlerContext<any, TEnv>,
+  belongsToRoute: boolean,
+  clientSegmentIds: Set<string>,
+  prevParams: Record<string, string>,
+  request: Request,
+  prevUrl: URL,
+  nextUrl: URL,
+  routeKey: string,
+  deps: SegmentResolutionDeps<TEnv>,
+  actionContext?: ActionContext,
+  shortCodeOverride?: string,
+  stale?: boolean,
+): Promise<{ segments: ResolvedSegment[]; matchedIds: string[] }> {
+  const loaderEntries = entry.loader ?? [];
+  if (loaderEntries.length === 0) return { segments: [], matchedIds: [] };
+
+  const shortCode = shortCodeOverride ?? entry.shortCode;
+
+  const loaderMeta = loaderEntries.map((loaderEntry, i) => ({
+    loaderEntry,
+    loader: loaderEntry.loader,
+    loaderRevalidateFns: loaderEntry.revalidate,
+    segmentId: `${shortCode}D${i}.${loaderEntry.loader.$$id}`,
+    index: i,
+  }));
+
+  const matchedIds = loaderMeta.map((m) => m.segmentId);
+
+  const revalidationChecks = await Promise.all(
+    loaderMeta.map(
+      async ({
+        loaderEntry,
+        loader,
+        loaderRevalidateFns,
+        segmentId,
+        index,
+      }) => {
+        const shouldRun = await revalidate(
+          async () => {
+            if (!clientSegmentIds.has(segmentId)) {
+              if (isTraceActive()) {
+                pushRevalidationTraceEntry({
+                  segmentId,
+                  segmentType: "loader",
+                  belongsToRoute,
+                  source: "loader",
+                  defaultShouldRevalidate: true,
+                  finalShouldRevalidate: true,
+                  reason: "new-segment",
+                });
+              }
+              return true;
+            }
+
+            const dummySegment: ResolvedSegment = {
+              id: segmentId,
+              namespace: entry.id,
+              type: "loader",
+              index,
+              component: null,
+              params: ctx.params,
+              loaderId: loader.$$id,
+              belongsToRoute,
+            };
+
+            return await evaluateRevalidation({
+              segment: dummySegment,
+              prevParams,
+              getPrevSegment: null,
+              request,
+              prevUrl,
+              nextUrl,
+              revalidations: loaderRevalidateFns.map((fn, j) => ({
+                name: `loader-revalidate${j}`,
+                fn,
+              })),
+              routeKey,
+              context: ctx,
+              actionContext,
+              stale,
+              traceSource: "loader",
+            });
+          },
+          async () => true,
+          () => false,
+        );
+        emitRevalidationDecision(segmentId, ctx.pathname, routeKey, shouldRun);
+        return { shouldRun, loaderEntry, loader, segmentId, index };
+      },
+    ),
+  );
+
+  const loadersToRun = revalidationChecks.filter((c) => c.shouldRun);
+  const segments: ResolvedSegment[] = loadersToRun.map(
+    ({ loaderEntry, loader, segmentId, index }) => ({
+      id: segmentId,
+      namespace: entry.id,
+      type: "loader" as const,
+      index,
+      component: null,
+      params: ctx.params,
+      loaderId: loader.$$id,
+      loaderData: deps.wrapLoaderPromise(
+        runInsideLoaderScope(() =>
+          resolveLoaderData(loaderEntry, ctx, ctx.pathname),
+        ),
+        entry,
+        segmentId,
+        ctx.pathname,
+      ),
+      belongsToRoute,
+    }),
+  );
+
+  return { segments, matchedIds };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve only loader segments for all entries with revalidation logic.
+ */
+export async function resolveLoadersOnlyWithRevalidation<TEnv>(
+  entries: EntryData[],
+  context: HandlerContext<any, TEnv>,
+  clientSegmentIds: Set<string>,
+  prevParams: Record<string, string>,
+  request: Request,
+  prevUrl: URL,
+  nextUrl: URL,
+  routeKey: string,
+  deps: SegmentResolutionDeps<TEnv>,
+  actionContext?: ActionContext,
+  stale?: boolean,
+): Promise<{ segments: ResolvedSegment[]; matchedIds: string[] }> {
+  const allLoaderSegments: ResolvedSegment[] = [];
+  const allMatchedIds: string[] = [];
+  const seenIds = new Set<string>();
+
+  async function collectEntryLoaders(
+    entry: EntryData,
+    belongsToRoute: boolean,
+    shortCodeOverride?: string,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    // Skip if all loaders from this entry have already been resolved
+    // via a parent (e.g., cache boundary wrapping a layout with shared loaders).
+    const loaderEntries = entry.loader ?? [];
+    const sc = shortCodeOverride ?? entry.shortCode;
+    const allAlreadySeen =
+      loaderEntries.length > 0 &&
+      loaderEntries.every((le, i) =>
+        seenIds.has(`${sc}D${i}.${le.loader.$$id}`),
+      );
+    if (!allAlreadySeen) {
+      const { segments, matchedIds } = await resolveLoadersWithRevalidation(
+        entry,
+        context,
+        belongsToRoute,
+        clientSegmentIds,
+        prevParams,
+        request,
+        prevUrl,
+        nextUrl,
+        routeKey,
+        deps,
+        actionContext,
+        shortCodeOverride,
+        stale,
+      );
+      for (const seg of segments) {
+        if (!seenIds.has(seg.id)) {
+          seenIds.add(seg.id);
+          allLoaderSegments.push(seg);
+        }
+      }
+      allMatchedIds.push(...matchedIds);
+    }
+
+    const seenParallelEntryIds = new Set<string>();
+    for (const parallelEntry of getParallelEntries(entry.parallel)) {
+      if (seenParallelEntryIds.has(parallelEntry.id)) continue;
+      seenParallelEntryIds.add(parallelEntry.id);
+      await collectEntryLoaders(parallelEntry, belongsToRoute, entry.shortCode);
+    }
+
+    const childBelongsToRoute = belongsToRoute || entry.type === "route";
+    for (const layoutEntry of entry.layout) {
+      await collectEntryLoaders(layoutEntry, childBelongsToRoute);
+      // Inherit route loaders for orphan layouts with parallels.
+      // Resolve directly — do NOT re-enter collectEntryLoaders with the
+      // route entry, as that would re-iterate route.layout and loop.
+      if (
+        entry.type === "route" &&
+        entry.loader &&
+        entry.loader.length > 0 &&
+        Object.keys(layoutEntry.parallel).length > 0
+      ) {
+        const inherited = await resolveLoadersWithRevalidation(
+          entry,
+          context,
+          childBelongsToRoute,
+          clientSegmentIds,
+          prevParams,
+          request,
+          prevUrl,
+          nextUrl,
+          routeKey,
+          deps,
+          actionContext,
+          layoutEntry.shortCode,
+          stale,
+        );
+        for (const seg of inherited.segments) {
+          if (!seenIds.has(seg.id)) {
+            seenIds.add(seg.id);
+            seg._inherited = true;
+            allLoaderSegments.push(seg);
+          }
+        }
+        allMatchedIds.push(...inherited.matchedIds);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const entry of entries) {
+    await collectEntryLoaders(entry, entry.type === "route");
+  }
+
+  return { segments: allLoaderSegments, matchedIds: allMatchedIds };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build a map of segment shortCode -> entry with revalidate functions.
+ */
+export function buildEntryRevalidateMap(
+  entries: EntryData[],
+): Map<
+  string,
+  { entry: EntryData; revalidate: ShouldRevalidateFn<any, any>[] }
+> {
+  const map = new Map<
+    string,
+    { entry: EntryData; revalidate: ShouldRevalidateFn<any, any>[] }
+  >();
+
+  function processEntry(entry: EntryData, parentShortCode?: string) {
+    map.set(entry.shortCode, { entry, revalidate: entry.revalidate });
+
+    if (entry.type !== "parallel") {
+      for (const { slot, entry: parallelEntry } of getParallelSlotEntries(
+        entry.parallel,
+      )) {
+        const parallelParentShortCode = parentShortCode ?? entry.shortCode;
+        const parallelId = `${parallelParentShortCode}.${slot}`;
+        map.set(parallelId, {
+          entry: parallelEntry,
+          revalidate: parallelEntry.revalidate,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const layoutEntry of entry.layout) {
+      processEntry(layoutEntry, entry.shortCode);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const entry of entries) {
+    processEntry(entry);
+  }
+
+  return map;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve parallel segments with revalidation.
+ */
+export async function resolveParallelSegmentsWithRevalidation<TEnv>(
+  entry: EntryData,
+  params: Record<string, string>,
+  context: HandlerContext<any, TEnv>,
+  belongsToRoute: boolean,
+  clientSegmentIds: Set<string>,
+  prevParams: Record<string, string>,
+  request: Request,
+  prevUrl: URL,
+  nextUrl: URL,
+  routeKey: string,
+  deps: SegmentResolutionDeps<TEnv>,
+  actionContext?: ActionContext,
+  stale?: boolean,
+): Promise<SegmentRevalidationResult> {
+  const segments: ResolvedSegment[] = [];
+  const matchedIds: string[] = [];
+
+  const resolvedParallelEntries = new Set<string>();
+  for (const { slot, entry: parallelEntry } of getParallelSlotEntries(
+    entry.parallel,
+  )) {
+    invariant(
+      parallelEntry.type === "parallel",
+      `Expected parallel entry, got: ${parallelEntry.type}`,
+    );
+
+    const slots = parallelEntry.handler as Record<
+      `@${string}`,
+      | ((ctx: HandlerContext<any, TEnv>) => ReactNode | Promise<ReactNode>)
+      | ReactNode
+    >;
+    // In production, static handler bodies are evicted and the slot value
+    // may be undefined. The static store holds the pre-rendered component.
+    // We defer the handler check until after tryStaticSlot.
+    const handler = slots[slot];
+
+    const parallelId = `${entry.shortCode}.${slot}`;
+
+    const isFullRefetch = clientSegmentIds.size === 0;
+    const isNewParent = !clientSegmentIds.has(entry.shortCode);
+    // Always announce the slot in matchedIds — it's unconditionally appended
+    // to `segments` below, and a segment present in segments but missing from
+    // matched lets the client prune it (then it's missing from clientSegmentIds
+    // on the next request, perpetuating the staleness).
+    matchedIds.push(parallelId);
+
+    let shouldResolve: boolean;
+    if (isFullRefetch) {
+      // Client has nothing cached — slot MUST render. User revalidate fns are
+      // bypassed here because returning false would leave the segment blank
+      // with no client-side fallback.
+      traceFullRefetchedParallelSlot(parallelId, belongsToRoute);
+      shouldResolve = true;
+    } else {
+      // For non-empty client sets, consult user revalidate fns. When the slot
+      // is unknown to the client, override the type-derived default so the
+      // soft chain seeds with the right "new segment" / "parent-chain" value.
+      let defaultOverride: { value: boolean; reason: string } | undefined;
+      if (!clientSegmentIds.has(parallelId)) {
+        const value = belongsToRoute || isNewParent;
+        defaultOverride = {
+          value,
+          reason: value ? "new-segment" : "skip-parent-chain",
+        };
+      }
+
+      const dummySegment: ResolvedSegment = {
+        id: parallelId,
+        namespace: parallelEntry.id,
+        type: "parallel",
+        index: 0,
+        component: null as any,
+        params,
+        slot,
+        belongsToRoute,
+        parallelName: `${parallelEntry.id}.${slot}`,
+        ...(parallelEntry.mountPath
+          ? { mountPath: parallelEntry.mountPath }
+          : {}),
+      };
+
+      shouldResolve = await evaluateRevalidation({
+        segment: dummySegment,
+        prevParams,
+        getPrevSegment: null,
+        request,
+        prevUrl,
+        nextUrl,
+        revalidations: parallelEntry.revalidate.map((fn, i) => ({
+          name: `revalidate${i}`,
+          fn,
+        })),
+        routeKey,
+        context,
+        actionContext,
+        stale,
+        traceSource: "parallel",
+        defaultOverride,
+      });
+    }
+    emitRevalidationDecision(
+      parallelId,
+      context.pathname,
+      routeKey,
+      shouldResolve,
+    );
+
+    let component: ReactNode | undefined;
+    let handlerRan = false;
+    if (shouldResolve) {
+      component = await tryStaticSlot(parallelEntry, slot, parallelId);
+      // tryStaticSlot returning a value means the static cache supplied the
+      // component — handler did NOT run. handlerRan stays false.
+    }
+    if (component === undefined) {
+      const hasLoadingFallback =
+        parallelEntry.loading !== undefined && parallelEntry.loading !== false;
+      if (!shouldResolve) {
+        component = null;
+      } else if (handler === undefined) {
+        // Handler evicted (production static slot) but static lookup missed.
+        // Nothing to render — use null so the client keeps its cached version.
+        component = null;
+      } else {
+        // Slot-keyed pushes — slot owns its own bucket, parent layout owns
+        // its own. On slot-only revalidations the partial merge updates only
+        // the slot's bucket; the parent's bucket stays intact.
+        (context as InternalHandlerContext<any, TEnv>)._currentSegmentId =
+          parallelId;
+        handlerRan = true;
+        if (hasLoadingFallback) {
+          const result =
+            typeof handler === "function" ? handler(context) : handler;
+          if (result instanceof Promise) {
+            const tracked = deps.trackHandler(result, {
+              segmentId: parallelId,
+              segmentType: "parallel",
+            });
+            observeStreamedHandler(
+              tracked,
+              parallelId,
+              "parallel",
+              context.pathname,
+              routeKey,
+              params,
+            );
+            component = tracked as ReactNode;
+          } else {
+            component = result as ReactNode;
+          }
+        } else {
+          component =
+            typeof handler === "function" ? await handler(context) : handler;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    segments.push({
+      id: parallelId,
+      namespace: parallelEntry.id,
+      type: "parallel",
+      index: 0,
+      component,
+      loading: parallelEntry.loading === false ? null : parallelEntry.loading,
+      transition: applyViewTransitionDefault(
+        parallelEntry.transition,
+        deps.viewTransitionDefault,
+      ),
+      params,
+      slot,
+      _handlerRan: handlerRan,
+      belongsToRoute,
+      parallelName: `${parallelEntry.id}.${slot}`,
+      ...(parallelEntry.mountPath
+        ? { mountPath: parallelEntry.mountPath }
+        : {}),
+    });
+
+    if (resolvedParallelEntries.has(parallelEntry.id)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const loaderResult = await resolveLoadersWithRevalidation(
+      parallelEntry,
+      context,
+      belongsToRoute,
+      clientSegmentIds,
+      prevParams,
+      request,
+      prevUrl,
+      nextUrl,
+      routeKey,
+      deps,
+      actionContext,
+      entry.shortCode,
+      stale,
+    );
+    segments.push(...loaderResult.segments);
+    matchedIds.push(...loaderResult.matchedIds);
+    resolvedParallelEntries.add(parallelEntry.id);
+  }
+
+  return { segments, matchedIds };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve entry handler (layout, cache, or route) with revalidation.
+ */
+export async function resolveEntryHandlerWithRevalidation<TEnv>(
+  entry: Exclude<EntryData, { type: "parallel" }>,
+  params: Record<string, string>,
+  context: HandlerContext<any, TEnv>,
+  belongsToRoute: boolean,
+  clientSegmentIds: Set<string>,
+  prevParams: Record<string, string>,
+  request: Request,
+  prevUrl: URL,
+  nextUrl: URL,
+  routeKey: string,
+  deps: SegmentResolutionDeps<TEnv>,
+  actionContext?: ActionContext,
+  stale?: boolean,
+): Promise<{ segment: ResolvedSegment; matchedId: string }> {
+  const matchedId = entry.shortCode;
+
+  let handlerRan = false;
+  const component = await revalidate(
+    async () => {
+      const hasSegment = clientSegmentIds.has(entry.shortCode);
+      debugLog("segment.revalidate", "entry presence check", {
+        segmentId: entry.shortCode,
+        entryType: entry.type,
+        clientHasSegment: hasSegment,
+        belongsToRoute,
+      });
+      if (!hasSegment) {
+        if (isTraceActive()) {
+          const segType =
+            entry.type === "cache"
+              ? "layout"
+              : (entry.type as "layout" | "route");
+          pushRevalidationTraceEntry({
+            segmentId: entry.shortCode,
+            segmentType: segType,
+            belongsToRoute,
+            source: "segment-resolution",
+            defaultShouldRevalidate: true,
+            finalShouldRevalidate: true,
+            reason: "new-segment",
+          });
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      const dummySegment: ResolvedSegment = {
+        id: entry.shortCode,
+        namespace: entry.id,
+        type:
+          entry.type === "cache"
+            ? "layout"
+            : (entry.type as "layout" | "route"),
+        index: 0,
+        component: null as any,
+        params,
+        belongsToRoute,
+        ...(entry.type === "layout" || entry.type === "cache"
+          ? { layoutName: entry.id }
+          : {}),
+        ...(entry.mountPath ? { mountPath: entry.mountPath } : {}),
+      };
+
+      const shouldRevalidate = await evaluateRevalidation({
+        segment: dummySegment,
+        prevParams,
+        getPrevSegment: null,
+        request,
+        prevUrl,
+        nextUrl,
+        revalidations: entry.revalidate.map((fn, i) => ({
+          name: `revalidate${i}`,
+          fn,
+        })),
+        routeKey,
+        context,
+        actionContext,
+        stale,
+        traceSource:
+          entry.type === "route" ? "route-handler" : "layout-handler",
+      });
+      emitRevalidationDecision(
+        entry.shortCode,
+        context.pathname,
+        routeKey,
+        shouldRevalidate,
+      );
+      debugLog("segment.revalidate", "entry revalidation decision", {
+        segmentId: entry.shortCode,
+        shouldRevalidate,
+      });
+      return shouldRevalidate;
+    },
+    async () => {
+      handlerRan = true;
+      const doneHandler = track(`handler:${entry.id}`, 2);
+      (context as InternalHandlerContext<any, TEnv>)._currentSegmentId =
+        entry.shortCode;
+      if (entry.type === "layout" || entry.type === "cache") {
+        const layoutComponent = await resolveLayoutComponent(entry, context);
+        doneHandler();
+        return layoutComponent;
+      }
+      const staticComponent = await tryStaticHandler(entry, entry.shortCode);
+      if (staticComponent !== undefined) {
+        doneHandler();
+        return staticComponent;
+      }
+      const routeEntry = entry as Extract<EntryData, { type: "route" }>;
+      // For Passthrough routes at runtime, use the live handler instead of
+      // the build handler. At build time (context.build === true), always
+      // use the build handler from routeEntry.handler.
+      const handler =
+        !context.build && routeEntry.liveHandler
+          ? routeEntry.liveHandler
+          : routeEntry.handler;
+      if (!routeEntry.loading) {
+        const result = handleHandlerResult(await handler(context));
+        doneHandler();
+        return result;
+      }
+      if (!actionContext) {
+        const result = handleHandlerResult(handler(context));
+        if (result instanceof Promise) {
+          result.finally(doneHandler).catch(() => {});
+          const tracked = deps.trackHandler(result, {
+            segmentId: entry.shortCode,
+            segmentType: entry.type,
+          });
+          observeStreamedHandler(
+            tracked,
+            entry.shortCode,
+            entry.type,
+            context.pathname,
+            routeKey,
+            params,
+          );
+          return { content: tracked };
+        }
+        doneHandler();
+        return { content: result };
+      }
+      debugLog("segment.action", "resolving action route with awaited value", {
+        entryId: entry.id,
+      });
+      const actionResult = handleHandlerResult(await handler(context));
+      doneHandler();
+      return {
+        content: Promise.resolve(actionResult),
+      };
+    },
+    () => null,
+  );
+
+  // Normalize void handlers (undefined) to null so the reconciler's
+  // component === null checks work consistently for both void and explicit null.
+  const resolvedComponent =
+    component && typeof component === "object" && "content" in component
+      ? ((component as { content: ReactNode }).content ?? null)
+      : (component ?? null);
+
+  const segment: ResolvedSegment = {
+    id: entry.shortCode,
+    namespace: entry.id,
+    type:
+      entry.type === "cache" ? "layout" : (entry.type as "layout" | "route"),
+    index: 0,
+    component: resolvedComponent,
+    loading: entry.loading === false ? null : entry.loading,
+    transition: applyViewTransitionDefault(
+      entry.transition,
+      deps.viewTransitionDefault,
+    ),
+    params,
+    belongsToRoute,
+    ...(entry.type === "layout" || entry.type === "cache"
+      ? { layoutName: entry.id }
+      : {}),
+    ...(entry.mountPath ? { mountPath: entry.mountPath } : {}),
+    _handlerRan: handlerRan,
+  };
+
+  return { segment, matchedId };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve segments with revalidation awareness (for partial rendering).
+ */
+export async function resolveSegmentWithRevalidation<TEnv>(
+  entry: Exclude<EntryData, { type: "parallel" }>,
+  routeKey: string,
+  params: Record<string, string>,
+  context: HandlerContext<any, TEnv>,
+  clientSegmentIds: Set<string>,
+  prevParams: Record<string, string>,
+  request: Request,
+  prevUrl: URL,
+  nextUrl: URL,
+  loaderPromises: Map<string, Promise<any>>,
+  deps: SegmentResolutionDeps<TEnv>,
+  actionContext?: ActionContext,
+  stale?: boolean,
+): Promise<SegmentRevalidationResult> {
+  const segments: ResolvedSegment[] = [];
+  const matchedIds: string[] = [];
+
+  const belongsToRoute = entry.type === "route";
+
+  const loaderResult = await resolveLoadersWithRevalidation(
+    entry,
+    context,
+    belongsToRoute,
+    clientSegmentIds,
+    prevParams,
+    request,
+    prevUrl,
+    nextUrl,
+    routeKey,
+    deps,
+    actionContext,
+    undefined,
+    stale,
+  );
+  segments.push(...loaderResult.segments);
+  matchedIds.push(...loaderResult.matchedIds);
+
+  // For route entries, execute the handler BEFORE orphan layouts and parallels
+  // so ctx.set() data is available to them via ctx.get(). The handler's
+  // segment is pushed after children to preserve tree composition order.
+  let routeHandlerResult:
+    | { segment: ResolvedSegment; matchedId: string }
+    | undefined;
+  if (entry.type === "route") {
+    routeHandlerResult = await resolveEntryHandlerWithRevalidation(
+      entry,
+      params,
+      context,
+      belongsToRoute,
+      clientSegmentIds,
+      prevParams,
+      request,
+      prevUrl,
+      nextUrl,
+      routeKey,
+      deps,
+      actionContext,
+      stale,
+    );
+
+    for (const orphan of entry.layout) {
+      const orphanResult = await resolveOrphanLayoutWithRevalidation(
+        orphan,
+        params,
+        context,
+        clientSegmentIds,
+        prevParams,
+        request,
+        prevUrl,
+        nextUrl,
+        routeKey,
+        true,
+        deps,
+        actionContext,
+        stale,
+        entry,
+      );
+      segments.push(...orphanResult.segments);
+      matchedIds.push(...orphanResult.matchedIds);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (routeHandlerResult) {
+    // Route entry: handler already executed above; resolve parallels
+    // (handler data visible) then push handler segment last for tree order.
+    const parallelResult = await resolveParallelSegmentsWithRevalidation(
+      entry,
+      params,
+      context,
+      belongsToRoute,
+      clientSegmentIds,
+      prevParams,
+      request,
+      prevUrl,
+      nextUrl,
+      routeKey,
+      deps,
+      actionContext,
+      stale,
+    );
+    segments.push(...parallelResult.segments);
+    matchedIds.push(...parallelResult.matchedIds);
+
+    segments.push(routeHandlerResult.segment);
+    matchedIds.push(routeHandlerResult.matchedId);
+  } else {
+    // Layout/cache entry: handler-first — resolve handler before parallels
+    // so ctx.set() values are visible to parallel children.
+    const handlerResult = await resolveEntryHandlerWithRevalidation(
+      entry,
+      params,
+      context,
+      belongsToRoute,
+      clientSegmentIds,
+      prevParams,
+      request,
+      prevUrl,
+      nextUrl,
+      routeKey,
+      deps,
+      actionContext,
+      stale,
+    );
+    segments.push(handlerResult.segment);
+    matchedIds.push(handlerResult.matchedId);
+
+    const parallelResult = await resolveParallelSegmentsWithRevalidation(
+      entry,
+      params,
+      context,
+      belongsToRoute,
+      clientSegmentIds,
+      prevParams,
+      request,
+      prevUrl,
+      nextUrl,
+      routeKey,
+      deps,
+      actionContext,
+      stale,
+    );
+    segments.push(...parallelResult.segments);
+    matchedIds.push(...parallelResult.matchedIds);
+
+    for (const orphan of entry.layout) {
+      const orphanResult = await resolveOrphanLayoutWithRevalidation(
+        orphan,
+        params,
+        context,
+        clientSegmentIds,
+        prevParams,
+        request,
+        prevUrl,
+        nextUrl,
+        routeKey,
+        false,
+        deps,
+        actionContext,
+        stale,
+      );
+      segments.push(...orphanResult.segments);
+      matchedIds.push(...orphanResult.matchedIds);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { segments, matchedIds };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve orphan layout with revalidation.
+ */
+export async function resolveOrphanLayoutWithRevalidation<TEnv>(
+  orphan: EntryData,
+  params: Record<string, string>,
+  context: HandlerContext<any, TEnv>,
+  clientSegmentIds: Set<string>,
+  prevParams: Record<string, string>,
+  request: Request,
+  prevUrl: URL,
+  nextUrl: URL,
+  routeKey: string,
+  belongsToRoute: boolean,
+  deps: SegmentResolutionDeps<TEnv>,
+  actionContext?: ActionContext,
+  stale?: boolean,
+  /** Parent route entry — its loaders are inherited so parallel slots can access them. */
+  parentRouteEntry?: EntryData,
+): Promise<SegmentRevalidationResult> {
+  invariant(
+    orphan.type === "layout" || orphan.type === "cache",
+    `Expected orphan to be a layout or cache, got: ${orphan.type}`,
+  );
+
+  const segments: ResolvedSegment[] = [];
+  const matchedIds: string[] = [];
+
+  const loaderResult = await resolveLoadersWithRevalidation(
+    orphan,
+    context,
+    belongsToRoute,
+    clientSegmentIds,
+    prevParams,
+    request,
+    prevUrl,
+    nextUrl,
+    routeKey,
+    deps,
+    actionContext,
+    undefined,
+    stale,
+  );
+  segments.push(...loaderResult.segments);
+  matchedIds.push(...loaderResult.matchedIds);
+
+  // Inherit parent route's loaders so parallel slots inside this layout
+  // can access them via useLoader(). See resolveOrphanLayout in fresh.ts.
+  if (
+    parentRouteEntry &&
+    parentRouteEntry.loader &&
+    parentRouteEntry.loader.length > 0 &&
+    Object.keys(orphan.parallel).length > 0
+  ) {
+    const inheritedResult = await resolveLoadersWithRevalidation(
+      parentRouteEntry,
+      context,
+      belongsToRoute,
+      clientSegmentIds,
+      prevParams,
+      request,
+      prevUrl,
+      nextUrl,
+      routeKey,
+      deps,
+      actionContext,
+      orphan.shortCode,
+      stale,
+    );
+    // Tag as inherited so buildMatchResult can deduplicate when safe
+    for (const s of inheritedResult.segments) {
+      s._inherited = true;
+    }
+    segments.push(...inheritedResult.segments);
+    matchedIds.push(...inheritedResult.matchedIds);
+  }
+
+  // Handler-first: resolve orphan layout handler before its parallels
+  // so ctx.set() values are visible to parallel children.
+  matchedIds.push(orphan.shortCode);
+
+  const component = await revalidate(
+    async () => {
+      if (!clientSegmentIds.has(orphan.shortCode)) {
+        if (isTraceActive()) {
+          pushRevalidationTraceEntry({
+            segmentId: orphan.shortCode,
+            segmentType: "layout",
+            belongsToRoute,
+            source: "orphan-layout",
+            defaultShouldRevalidate: true,
+            finalShouldRevalidate: true,
+            reason: "new-segment",
+          });
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      const dummySegment: ResolvedSegment = {
+        id: orphan.shortCode,
+        namespace: orphan.id,
+        type: "layout",
+        index: 0,
+        component: null as any,
+        params,
+        belongsToRoute,
+        layoutName: orphan.id,
+        ...(orphan.mountPath ? { mountPath: orphan.mountPath } : {}),
+      };
+
+      const shouldRevalidate = await evaluateRevalidation({
+        segment: dummySegment,
+        prevParams,
+        getPrevSegment: null,
+        request,
+        prevUrl,
+        nextUrl,
+        revalidations: orphan.revalidate.map((fn, i) => ({
+          name: `revalidate${i}`,
+          fn,
+        })),
+        routeKey,
+        context,
+        actionContext,
+        stale,
+        traceSource: "orphan-layout",
+      });
+      emitRevalidationDecision(
+        orphan.shortCode,
+        context.pathname,
+        routeKey,
+        shouldRevalidate,
+      );
+      return shouldRevalidate;
+    },
+    async () => resolveLayoutComponent(orphan, context),
+    () => null,
+  );
+
+  segments.push({
+    id: orphan.shortCode,
+    namespace: orphan.id,
+    type: "layout",
+    index: 0,
+    component,
+    params,
+    belongsToRoute,
+    layoutName: orphan.id,
+    loading: orphan.loading === false ? null : orphan.loading,
+    transition: applyViewTransitionDefault(
+      orphan.transition,
+      deps.viewTransitionDefault,
+    ),
+    ...(orphan.mountPath ? { mountPath: orphan.mountPath } : {}),
+  });
+
+  const resolvedParallelEntries = new Set<string>();
+  for (const { slot, entry: parallelEntry } of getParallelSlotEntries(
+    orphan.parallel,
+  )) {
+    invariant(
+      parallelEntry.type === "parallel",
+      `Expected parallel entry, got: ${parallelEntry.type}`,
+    );
+
+    if (!resolvedParallelEntries.has(parallelEntry.id)) {
+      // shortCodeOverride must match the parent layout, not the parallel entry.
+      const loaderResult = await resolveLoadersWithRevalidation(
+        parallelEntry,
+        context,
+        belongsToRoute,
+        clientSegmentIds,
+        prevParams,
+        request,
+        prevUrl,
+        nextUrl,
+        routeKey,
+        deps,
+        actionContext,
+        orphan.shortCode,
+        stale,
+      );
+      segments.push(...loaderResult.segments);
+      matchedIds.push(...loaderResult.matchedIds);
+      resolvedParallelEntries.add(parallelEntry.id);
+    }
+
+    const slots = parallelEntry.handler as Record<
+      `@${string}`,
+      | ((ctx: HandlerContext<any, TEnv>) => ReactNode | Promise<ReactNode>)
+      | ReactNode
+    >;
+    // Handler may be undefined in production after static handler eviction.
+    const handler = slots[slot];
+
+    // Use orphan.shortCode (the parent layout) to match the SSR path
+    // (resolveParallelEntry receives parentShortCode = orphan.shortCode).
+    // Using parallelEntry.shortCode would generate IDs the client doesn't know about.
+    const parallelId = `${orphan.shortCode}.${slot}`;
+    matchedIds.push(parallelId);
+
+    const isFullRefetch = clientSegmentIds.size === 0;
+    let shouldResolve: boolean;
+    if (isFullRefetch) {
+      // Same load-bearing rationale as the main parallel path: full refetch
+      // means the client has nothing to fall back to, so the slot must render.
+      traceFullRefetchedParallelSlot(parallelId, belongsToRoute);
+      shouldResolve = true;
+    } else {
+      // When slot is unknown to the client, seed the soft chain with `true`
+      // (orphan parallels always belong to the route — we want them rendered
+      // unless the user explicitly opts out via revalidate()).
+      const defaultOverride = clientSegmentIds.has(parallelId)
+        ? undefined
+        : { value: true, reason: "new-segment" };
+
+      const dummySegment: ResolvedSegment = {
+        id: parallelId,
+        namespace: parallelEntry.id,
+        type: "parallel",
+        index: 0,
+        component: null as any,
+        params,
+        slot,
+        belongsToRoute,
+        parallelName: `${parallelEntry.id}.${slot}`,
+        ...(parallelEntry.mountPath
+          ? { mountPath: parallelEntry.mountPath }
+          : {}),
+      };
+
+      shouldResolve = await evaluateRevalidation({
+        segment: dummySegment,
+        prevParams,
+        getPrevSegment: null,
+        request,
+        prevUrl,
+        nextUrl,
+        revalidations: parallelEntry.revalidate.map((fn, i) => ({
+          name: `revalidate${i}`,
+          fn,
+        })),
+        routeKey,
+        context,
+        actionContext,
+        stale,
+        traceSource: "parallel",
+        defaultOverride,
+      });
+    }
+    emitRevalidationDecision(
+      parallelId,
+      context.pathname,
+      routeKey,
+      shouldResolve,
+    );
+
+    let component: ReactNode | undefined;
+    let handlerRan = false;
+    if (shouldResolve) {
+      component = await tryStaticSlot(parallelEntry, slot, parallelId);
+    }
+    if (component === undefined) {
+      const hasLoadingFallback =
+        parallelEntry.loading !== undefined && parallelEntry.loading !== false;
+      if (!shouldResolve) {
+        component = null;
+      } else if (handler === undefined) {
+        // Handler evicted (production static slot) but static lookup missed.
+        component = null;
+      } else {
+        // Slot-keyed pushes — see resolveParallelSegmentsWithRevalidation.
+        (context as InternalHandlerContext<any, TEnv>)._currentSegmentId =
+          parallelId;
+        handlerRan = true;
+        if (hasLoadingFallback) {
+          const result =
+            typeof handler === "function" ? handler(context) : handler;
+          if (result instanceof Promise) {
+            const tracked = deps.trackHandler(result, {
+              segmentId: parallelId,
+              segmentType: "parallel",
+            });
+            observeStreamedHandler(
+              tracked,
+              parallelId,
+              "parallel",
+              context.pathname,
+              routeKey,
+              params,
+            );
+            component = tracked as ReactNode;
+          } else {
+            component = result as ReactNode;
+          }
+        } else {
+          component =
+            typeof handler === "function" ? await handler(context) : handler;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    segments.push({
+      id: parallelId,
+      namespace: parallelEntry.id,
+      type: "parallel",
+      index: 0,
+      component,
+      loading: parallelEntry.loading === false ? null : parallelEntry.loading,
+      transition: applyViewTransitionDefault(
+        parallelEntry.transition,
+        deps.viewTransitionDefault,
+      ),
+      params,
+      slot,
+      _handlerRan: handlerRan,
+      belongsToRoute,
+      parallelName: `${parallelEntry.id}.${slot}`,
+      ...(parallelEntry.mountPath
+        ? { mountPath: parallelEntry.mountPath }
+        : {}),
+    });
+  }
+
+  return { segments, matchedIds };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve all segments for a route with revalidation logic (for matchPartial).
+ */
+export async function resolveAllSegmentsWithRevalidation<TEnv>(
+  entries: EntryData[],
+  routeKey: string,
+  params: Record<string, string>,
+  context: HandlerContext<any, TEnv>,
+  clientSegmentSet: Set<string>,
+  prevParams: Record<string, string>,
+  request: Request,
+  prevUrl: URL,
+  nextUrl: URL,
+  loaderPromises: Map<string, Promise<any>>,
+  actionContext: ActionContext | undefined,
+  interceptResult: { intercept: any; entry: EntryData } | null,
+  localRouteName: string,
+  pathname: string,
+  deps: SegmentResolutionDeps<TEnv>,
+  stale?: boolean,
+): Promise<{ segments: ResolvedSegment[]; matchedIds: string[] }> {
+  const allSegments: ResolvedSegment[] = [];
+  const matchedIds: string[] = [];
+  const seenSegIds = new Set<string>();
+  const seenMatchIds = new Set<string>();
+
+  const telemetry = getRouterContext()?.telemetry;
+
+  for (const entry of entries) {
+    if (entry.type === "route" && interceptResult) {
+      debugLog(
+        "matchPartial.intercept",
+        "skipping route handler during intercept",
+        {
+          localRouteName,
+          segmentId: entry.shortCode,
+        },
+      );
+      if (!seenMatchIds.has(entry.shortCode)) {
+        seenMatchIds.add(entry.shortCode);
+        matchedIds.push(entry.shortCode);
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const nonParallelEntry = entry as Exclude<EntryData, { type: "parallel" }>;
+    if (entry.type === "cache") {
+      const store = RangoContext.getStore();
+      if (store) store.insideCacheScope = true;
+    }
+    const doneEntry = track(`segment:${entry.id}`, 1);
+    const resolved = await resolveWithErrorBoundary(
+      nonParallelEntry,
+      params,
+      () =>
+        resolveSegmentWithRevalidation(
+          nonParallelEntry,
+          routeKey,
+          params,
+          context,
+          clientSegmentSet,
+          prevParams,
+          request,
+          prevUrl,
+          nextUrl,
+          loaderPromises,
+          deps,
+          actionContext,
+          stale,
+        ),
+      (seg) => ({ segments: [seg], matchedIds: [seg.id] }),
+      deps,
+      { request, url: context.url, routeKey, isPartial: true, telemetry },
+      pathname,
+    );
+    doneEntry();
+
+    // Deduplicate segments and matchedIds by ID, matching resolveAllSegments.
+    // include() scopes can produce entries that resolve the same shared
+    // layout/loader segment. Duplicates cause React tree depth changes.
+    for (const seg of resolved.segments) {
+      if (!seenSegIds.has(seg.id)) {
+        seenSegIds.add(seg.id);
+        allSegments.push(seg);
+      }
+    }
+    for (const id of resolved.matchedIds) {
+      if (!seenMatchIds.has(id)) {
+        seenMatchIds.add(id);
+        matchedIds.push(id);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { segments: allSegments, matchedIds };
+}