@rangojs/router 0.0.0-experimental.10 → 0.0.0-experimental.100

package/src/types/handler-context.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,764 @@
+import type { ReactNode } from "react";
+import type { Handle } from "../handle.js";
+import type { ContextVar } from "../context-var.js";
+import type { MiddlewareFn } from "../router/middleware.js";
+import type { Theme } from "../theme/types.js";
+import type { ScopedReverseFunction } from "../reverse.js";
+import type { SearchSchema, ResolveSearchSchema } from "../search-params.js";
+import type { LocationStateEntry } from "../browser/react/location-state-shared.js";
+import type {
+  DefaultEnv,
+  DefaultHandlerRouteMap,
+  DefaultReverseRouteMap,
+  DefaultRouteName,
+  DefaultVars,
+} from "./global-namespace.js";
+import type {
+  ExtractParams,
+  RouteDefinition,
+  ResolvedRouteMap,
+} from "./route-config.js";
+import type { LoaderDefinition } from "./loader-types.js";
+import type { UseItems, HandlerUseItem } from "../route-types.js";
+import type { RequestScope } from "./request-scope.js";
+
+// Re-export MiddlewareFn for internal/advanced use
+export type { MiddlewareFn } from "../router/middleware.js";
+
+/**
+ * Create a scoped view of a route map by stripping a name prefix.
+ * Useful for handlers in modules mounted via include() -- use the local
+ * route name instead of the fully qualified global name.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * // Given GeneratedRouteMap: { "blog.index": "/blog"; "blog.post": "/blog/:postId"; ... }
+ * type BlogRoutes = ScopedRouteMap<"blog">;
+ * // Resolves to: { "index": "/blog"; "post": "/blog/:postId" }
+ *
+ * const handler: Handler<"post", BlogRoutes> = (ctx) => {
+ *   ctx.params.postId // string
+ * };
+ * ```
+ */
+export type ScopedRouteMap<
+  TPrefix extends string,
+  TMap = RSCRouter.GeneratedRouteMap,
+> = {
+  [K in keyof TMap as K extends `${TPrefix}.${infer Rest}`
+    ? Rest
+    : never]: TMap[K];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Extract the search schema from a route map entry.
+ * - string value (old format): no search schema -> {}
+ * - { path, search } value: extract search
+ * - { path, response } value (no search): -> {}
+ */
+/** Extract params from a route map entry (string pattern or { path } object). */
+type ExtractParamsFromEntry<TEntry, TFallback> = TEntry extends string
+  ? ExtractParams<TEntry>
+  : TEntry extends { readonly path: infer P extends string }
+    ? ExtractParams<P>
+    : TFallback;
+
+/** Extract search schema from a route map entry. */
+type ExtractSearchFromEntry<TMap, TKey> = TKey extends keyof TMap
+  ? TMap[TKey] extends { readonly search: infer S extends SearchSchema }
+    ? S
+    : {}
+  : {};
+
+type IsEmptyObject<T> = keyof T extends never ? true : false;
+
+type AutofillParamsFromEntry<TEntry> = TEntry extends string
+  ? string extends TEntry
+    ? Record<string, string>
+    : Partial<ExtractParams<TEntry>>
+  : TEntry extends { readonly path: infer P extends string }
+    ? string extends P
+      ? Record<string, string>
+      : Partial<ExtractParams<P>>
+    : Record<string, string>;
+
+type AutofillSearchFromEntry<TMap, TKey> = TKey extends keyof TMap
+  ? TMap[TKey] extends { readonly search: infer S extends SearchSchema }
+    ? ResolveSearchSchema<S>
+    : Record<string, unknown>
+  : Record<string, unknown>;
+
+type AutofillAwareReverseFunction<TLocalRoutes, TGlobalRoutes> =
+  ScopedReverseFunction<TLocalRoutes, TGlobalRoutes> & {
+    <TName extends keyof TGlobalRoutes & string>(
+      name: TName,
+      params?: AutofillParamsFromEntry<TGlobalRoutes[TName]>,
+      search?: AutofillSearchFromEntry<TGlobalRoutes, TName>,
+    ): string;
+    <TName extends keyof TLocalRoutes & string>(
+      name: `.${TName}`,
+      params?: AutofillParamsFromEntry<TLocalRoutes[TName]>,
+      search?: AutofillSearchFromEntry<TLocalRoutes, TName>,
+    ): string;
+  };
+
+type StrictLocalParamsWithExtras<TEntry> =
+  IsEmptyObject<ExtractParamsFromEntry<TEntry, {}>> extends true
+    ? Record<string, string>
+    : ExtractParamsFromEntry<TEntry, {}> & Record<string, string>;
+
+// HandlerContext.reverse is the only reverse surface with runtime param autofill
+// from the current matched request. Middleware/loaders/request context do not
+// have the same local-route guarantees, so they keep plain ScopedReverseFunction.
+//
+// When a handler has an explicit local route map, enforce that local route
+// params declared by that map are present while still allowing extra mount
+// params to be passed through. Global names remain autofill-friendly because
+// parent include() params are often unknown at the module definition site.
+type StrictLocalAutofillGlobalReverseFunction<TLocalRoutes, TGlobalRoutes> =
+  ScopedReverseFunction<TLocalRoutes, TGlobalRoutes> & {
+    <TName extends keyof TGlobalRoutes & string>(
+      name: TName,
+      params?: AutofillParamsFromEntry<TGlobalRoutes[TName]>,
+      search?: AutofillSearchFromEntry<TGlobalRoutes, TName>,
+    ): string;
+    <TName extends keyof TLocalRoutes & string>(
+      name: `.${TName}`,
+      params: StrictLocalParamsWithExtras<TLocalRoutes[TName]>,
+      search?: AutofillSearchFromEntry<TLocalRoutes, TName>,
+    ): string;
+  };
+
+export type Handler<
+  T extends
+    | keyof DefaultHandlerRouteMap
+    | `.${keyof TRouteMap & string}`
+    | `/${string}`
+    | Record<string, any> = {},
+  TRouteMap extends {} = DefaultHandlerRouteMap,
+  TEnv = DefaultEnv,
+> = ((
+  ctx: HandlerContext<
+    T extends `.${infer Local}`
+      ? Local extends keyof TRouteMap
+        ? ExtractParamsFromEntry<
+            TRouteMap[Local],
+            T extends string ? ExtractParams<T> : T
+          >
+        : T extends string
+          ? ExtractParams<T>
+          : T
+      : T extends keyof DefaultHandlerRouteMap
+        ? ExtractParamsFromEntry<
+            DefaultHandlerRouteMap[T],
+            T extends string ? ExtractParams<T> : T
+          >
+        : T extends string
+          ? ExtractParams<T>
+          : T,
+    TEnv,
+    T extends `.${infer Local}`
+      ? ExtractSearchFromEntry<TRouteMap, Local>
+      : ExtractSearchFromEntry<DefaultHandlerRouteMap, T>,
+    TRouteMap extends DefaultHandlerRouteMap ? never : TRouteMap
+  >,
+) => ReactNode | Promise<ReactNode> | Response | Promise<Response>) & {
+  /** Composable default DSL items merged when the handler is mounted. */
+  use?: () => UseItems<HandlerUseItem>;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Context passed to handlers (Hono-inspired type-safe context)
+ *
+ * Provides type-safe access to:
+ * - Route params (from URL pattern)
+ * - Cleaned route URL (`url`, `searchParams`, `pathname` — no `_rsc*` params)
+ * - Original request (`request` — raw transport URL, headers, method, body)
+ * - Platform bindings (env.DB, env.KV, env.SECRETS)
+ * - Middleware variables (`get("user")`, `get("permissions")`)
+ * - Getter/setter for variables (get('user'), set('user', ...))
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * const handler = (ctx: HandlerContext<{ slug: string }, AppEnv>) => {
+ *   ctx.params.slug        // Route param (string)
+ *   ctx.env.DB             // Binding (D1Database)
+ *   ctx.get('user')        // Variable (User | undefined)
+ *   ctx.set('user', {...}) // Setter
+ *   ctx.url                // Clean URL (no _rsc* params)
+ *   ctx.searchParams       // Clean params (no _rsc* params)
+ *   ctx.request            // Raw transport request (original URL intact)
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+export type HandlerContext<
+  TParams = {},
+  TEnv = DefaultEnv,
+  TSearch extends SearchSchema = {},
+  TRouteMap = never,
+> = RequestScope<TEnv> & {
+  /**
+   * Route parameters extracted from the URL pattern.
+   * Type-safe when using Handler<"/path/:param"> or Handler<{ param: string }>.
+   */
+  params: TParams;
+  /** @internal Phantom property for params type invariance. Prevents mounting handlers on wrong routes. */
+  readonly _paramCheck?: (params: TParams) => TParams;
+  /**
+   * True during build-time pre-rendering, false at runtime.
+   * Build-time collection and dev on-demand prerender use `true`.
+   * Live request rendering, including passthrough fallback, uses `false`.
+   */
+  build: boolean;
+  /**
+   * True when running in Vite dev mode, false during production build or
+   * live request rendering. Use this to branch on runtime mode without
+   * changing build semantics (e.g., skip expensive operations in dev).
+   */
+  dev: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Typed search parameters parsed from URL query string via the route's
+   * search schema. Empty object when no schema is defined.
+   */
+  search: {} extends TSearch ? {} : ResolveSearchSchema<TSearch>;
+  /**
+   * Type-safe getter for middleware variables.
+   * Preferred way to read middleware-injected variables.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * const user = ctx.get("user"); // Type-safe!
+   * ```
+   */
+  get: {
+    <T>(contextVar: ContextVar<T>): T | undefined;
+  } & (<K extends keyof DefaultVars>(key: K) => DefaultVars[K]);
+  /**
+   * Type-safe setter for middleware variables.
+   * Use in middleware to pass data to handlers.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * ctx.set("user", { id: "123", name: "John" }); // Type-safe!
+   * ctx.set(MyVar, { ... }); // Type-safe via ContextVar token!
+   * ```
+   */
+  set: {
+    <T>(
+      contextVar: ContextVar<T>,
+      value: T,
+      options?: { cache?: boolean },
+    ): void;
+  } & (<K extends keyof DefaultVars>(
+    key: K,
+    value: DefaultVars[K],
+    options?: { cache?: boolean },
+  ) => void);
+  /**
+   * Response headers. Headers set here are merged into the final response.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * route("product", (ctx) => {
+   *   ctx.headers.set("Cache-Control", "s-maxage=60");
+   *   return <ProductPage />;
+   * });
+   * ```
+   */
+  headers: Headers;
+  /**
+   * Access loader data or push handle data.
+   *
+   * Available in route handlers, layout handlers, middleware, server actions,
+   * and server components rendered within the request context.
+   *
+   * For loaders: Returns a promise that resolves to the loader data.
+   * Loaders are executed in parallel and memoized per request.
+   * Prefer DSL `loader()` + client `useLoader()` over `ctx.use(Loader)` —
+   * DSL loaders are always fresh and cache-safe. Use `ctx.use(Loader)` only
+   * when you need loader data in the handler itself (e.g., to set context
+   * variables or make routing decisions).
+   *
+   * For handles: Returns a push function to add data for this segment.
+   * Handle data accumulates across all matched route segments.
+   * Push accepts: direct value, Promise, or async callback (executed immediately).
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * // Loader escape hatch — use when handler needs the data directly
+   * route("product", async (ctx) => {
+   *   const { product } = await ctx.use(ProductLoader);
+   *   ctx.set(Product, product); // make available to children
+   *   return <ProductPage />;
+   * });
+   *
+   * // Handle usage - direct value
+   * route("shop", (ctx) => {
+   *   const push = ctx.use(Breadcrumbs);
+   *   push({ label: "Shop", href: "/shop" });
+   *   return <ShopPage />;
+   * });
+   *
+   * // Handle usage - Promise
+   * route("product", (ctx) => {
+   *   const push = ctx.use(Breadcrumbs);
+   *   push(fetchProductBreadcrumb(ctx.params.id));
+   *   return <ProductPage />;
+   * });
+   *
+   * // Handle usage - async callback (executed immediately)
+   * route("product", (ctx) => {
+   *   const push = ctx.use(Breadcrumbs);
+   *   push(async () => {
+   *     const product = await db.getProduct(ctx.params.id);
+   *     return { label: product.name, href: `/product/${product.id}` };
+   *   });
+   *   return <ProductPage />;
+   * });
+   * ```
+   */
+  use: {
+    <T, TLoaderParams = any>(
+      loader: LoaderDefinition<T, TLoaderParams>,
+    ): Promise<T>;
+    <TData, TAccumulated = TData[]>(
+      handle: Handle<TData, TAccumulated>,
+    ): (data: TData | Promise<TData> | (() => Promise<TData>)) => void;
+  };
+  /**
+   * Current theme (from cookie or default).
+   * Only available when theme is enabled in router config.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * route("settings", (ctx) => {
+   *   const currentTheme = ctx.theme; // "light" | "dark" | "system" | undefined
+   *   return <SettingsPage theme={currentTheme} />;
+   * });
+   * ```
+   */
+  theme?: Theme;
+  /**
+   * Set the theme (only available when theme is enabled in router config).
+   * Sets a cookie with the new theme value.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * route("settings", async (ctx) => {
+   *   if (ctx.request.method === "POST") {
+   *     const formData = await ctx.request.formData();
+   *     const newTheme = formData.get("theme") as Theme;
+   *     ctx.setTheme?.(newTheme);
+   *   }
+   *   return <SettingsPage />;
+   * });
+   * ```
+   */
+  setTheme?: (theme: Theme) => void;
+  /**
+   * Attach location state entries to this response.
+   * State is delivered to the client via history.pushState and accessible
+   * through the useLocationState() hook.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * route("product", (ctx) => {
+   *   ctx.setLocationState(ServerInfo({ data: "value" }));
+   *   return <ProductPage />;
+   * });
+   * ```
+   */
+  setLocationState(entries: LocationStateEntry | LocationStateEntry[]): void;
+  /**
+   * The matched route name, if the route has an explicit name.
+   * Undefined for unnamed routes (those without a `name` option in path()).
+   * Includes the namespace prefix from include() (e.g., "blog.post").
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * route("product", (ctx) => {
+   *   ctx.routeName // "product"
+   *   return <ProductPage />;
+   * });
+   * ```
+   */
+  routeName?: DefaultRouteName;
+  /**
+   * Generate URLs from route names.
+   *
+   * - `.name` -- local route, resolved within current include() scope
+   * - `name` -- global route, from the named-routes definition
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```typescript
+   * ctx.reverse(".article", { slug: "hello" })       // Local: magazine.article
+   * ctx.reverse(".index")                             // Local: magazine.index
+   * ctx.reverse("magazine.index")                     // Global: magazine.index
+   * ctx.reverse("blog.post", { slug: "hello" })       // Global: blog.post
+   * ```
+   */
+  reverse: [TRouteMap] extends [never]
+    ? AutofillAwareReverseFunction<
+        Record<string, string>,
+        DefaultReverseRouteMap
+      >
+    : StrictLocalAutofillGlobalReverseFunction<
+        TRouteMap,
+        DefaultReverseRouteMap
+      >;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Internal handler context with additional props for router internals.
+ * Use `HandlerContext` for user-facing code.
+ * @internal
+ */
+export type InternalHandlerContext<
+  TParams = {},
+  TEnv = DefaultEnv,
+  TSearch extends SearchSchema = {},
+> = HandlerContext<TParams, TEnv, TSearch> & {
+  /** @internal Stub response for collecting headers/cookies. */
+  res: Response;
+  /** @internal Shared variable backing store for ctx.get()/ctx.set(). */
+  _variables: Record<string, any>;
+  /** Prerender-only control flow helper, attached when the runtime context supports it. */
+  passthrough?: () => unknown;
+  /** Current segment ID for handle data attribution. */
+  _currentSegmentId?: string;
+  /** Response type tag (json, text, html, etc.) for cache key differentiation. */
+  _responseType?: string;
+  /** Route name for cache key scoping (prevents cross-route collisions). */
+  _routeName?: string;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Generic params type - flexible object with string keys
+ * Users can narrow this by explicitly typing their params:
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * [revalidate('post')]: (({ currentParams, nextParams }: RevalidateParams<{ slug: string }>) => {
+ *   currentParams.slug // typed as string
+ *   return currentParams.slug !== nextParams.slug;
+ * })
+ * ```
+ */
+export type GenericParams = { [key: string]: string | undefined };
+
+/**
+ * Helper type for revalidation handler params
+ * Allows inline type annotation for stricter param typing
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * [revalidate('post')]: (params: RevalidateParams<{ slug: string }>) => {
+ *   params.currentParams.slug // typed as string
+ *   return params.defaultShouldRevalidate;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+export type RevalidateParams<TParams = GenericParams, TEnv = any> = Parameters<
+  ShouldRevalidateFn<TParams, TEnv>
+>[0];
+
+/**
+ * Should revalidate function signature (inspired by React Router)
+ *
+ * Determines whether a route segment should re-render during partial navigation.
+ * Multiple revalidation functions can be defined per route - they execute in order.
+ *
+ * **Return Types:**
+ * - `boolean` - Hard decision: immediately returns this value (short-circuits)
+ * - `{ defaultShouldRevalidate: boolean }` - Soft decision: updates suggestion for next revalidator
+ * - `void` / `null` / `undefined` - Defer to the current suggestion (no opinion); the
+ *   loop continues to the next revalidator without changing the running default
+ *
+ * **Execution Flow:**
+ * 1. Start with built-in `defaultShouldRevalidate` (true if params changed)
+ * 2. Execute global revalidators first, then route-specific
+ * 3. Hard decision (boolean): stop immediately and use that value
+ * 4. Soft decision (object): update suggestion and continue to next revalidator
+ * 5. Defer (`void` / `null` / `undefined`): leave suggestion unchanged and continue
+ * 6. If no hard decision was returned: use the final running suggestion
+ *
+ * @param args.currentParams - Previous route params (generic by default, can be narrowed)
+ * @param args.currentUrl - Previous URL
+ * @param args.nextParams - Next route params (generic by default, can be narrowed)
+ * @param args.nextUrl - Next URL
+ * @param args.defaultShouldRevalidate - Current suggestion (updated by soft decisions)
+ * @param args.context - App context (db, user, etc.)
+ * @param args.actionResult - Result from action (future support)
+ * @param args.formData - Form data from action (future support)
+ * @param args.formMethod - HTTP method from action (future support)
+ *
+ * @returns Hard decision (boolean), soft suggestion (object), or defer
+ *   (`void` / `null` / `undefined`) to keep the running suggestion as-is.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * // Hard decision - definitive answer
+ * [revalidate('post')]: ({ currentParams, nextParams }) => {
+ *   return currentParams.slug !== nextParams.slug; // boolean - short-circuits
+ * }
+ *
+ * // Soft decision - allows downstream revalidators to override
+ * [revalidate('*', 'global')]: ({ defaultShouldRevalidate }) => {
+ *   return { defaultShouldRevalidate: true }; // object - continues to next
+ * }
+ *
+ * // Explicit typing for stricter params
+ * [revalidate('post')]: ((params: RevalidateParams<{ slug: string }>) => {
+ *   return params.currentParams.slug !== params.nextParams.slug;
+ * })
+ * ```
+ */
+/**
+ * Revalidation function called during client-side navigation to decide whether
+ * a segment (layout, route, parallel slot, or loader) should be re-rendered.
+ *
+ * Return `true` to re-render, `false` to skip (keep client's current version),
+ * `{ defaultShouldRevalidate: boolean }` to update the running suggestion for
+ * downstream revalidators, or nothing (`void` / `null` / `undefined`) to defer
+ * to the current suggestion without changing it.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Re-render only when a cart action happened or browser signals staleness
+ * revalidate(({ actionId, stale }) =>
+ *   actionId?.includes("cart") || stale || false
+ * )
+ *
+ * // Always re-render when params change (default behavior made explicit)
+ * revalidate(({ defaultShouldRevalidate }) => defaultShouldRevalidate)
+ * ```
+ */
+export type ShouldRevalidateFn<TParams = GenericParams, TEnv = any> = (args: {
+  /** Route params from the page being navigated away from. */
+  currentParams: TParams;
+  /** Full URL of the page being navigated away from. */
+  currentUrl: URL;
+  /** Route params for the navigation target. */
+  nextParams: TParams;
+  /** Full URL of the navigation target. */
+  nextUrl: URL;
+  /**
+   * The router's default revalidation decision for this segment.
+   * `true` when params changed or the segment is new to the client.
+   * Return this when you want default behavior plus your own conditions.
+   */
+  defaultShouldRevalidate: boolean;
+  /** Full handler context — access to `ctx.use()`, `ctx.env`, `ctx.params`, etc. */
+  context: HandlerContext<TParams, TEnv>;
+
+  // ── Segment metadata (which segment is being evaluated) ──────────────
+
+  /** The type of segment being revalidated. */
+  segmentType: "layout" | "route" | "parallel";
+  /** Layout name (e.g., `"root"`, `"shop"`, `"auth"`). Only set for layout segments. */
+  layoutName?: string;
+  /** Slot name (e.g., `"@sidebar"`, `"@modal"`). Only set for parallel segments. */
+  slotName?: string;
+
+  // ── Action context (populated when revalidation is triggered by a server action) ──
+
+  /**
+   * Identifier of the server action that triggered revalidation.
+   * `undefined` during normal navigation (no action involved).
+   *
+   * Format: `"src/<path>#<exportName>"` — the file path is the source path
+   * relative to the project root, followed by `#` and the exported function name.
+   *
+   * This is stable and can be used for path-based matching to revalidate
+   * when any action in a module or directory fires:
+   *
+   * @example
+   * ```ts
+   * // Match a specific action
+   * revalidate(({ actionId }) => actionId === "src/actions/cart.ts#addToCart")
+   *
+   * // Match any action in the cart module
+   * revalidate(({ actionId }) => actionId?.includes("cart") ?? false)
+   *
+   * // Match any action under src/apps/store/actions/
+   * revalidate(({ actionId }) => actionId?.startsWith("src/apps/store/actions/") ?? false)
+   * ```
+   */
+  actionId?: string;
+  /** URL where the action was executed (the page the user was on when they triggered the action). */
+  actionUrl?: URL;
+  /** Return value from the action execution. Can be used to conditionally revalidate based on the action's outcome. */
+  actionResult?: any;
+  /** FormData from the action request body. Only set for form-based actions (not inline `"use server"` actions). */
+  formData?: FormData;
+  /** HTTP method: `"GET"` for navigation, `"POST"` for server actions. */
+  method?: string;
+
+  // ── Route identity ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  /** Route name of the navigation target. Alias for `toRouteName`. */
+  routeName?: DefaultRouteName;
+  /**
+   * Route name being navigated away from.
+   * `undefined` for unnamed internal routes (those without a `name` option).
+   */
+  fromRouteName?: DefaultRouteName;
+  /**
+   * Route name being navigated to.
+   * `undefined` for unnamed internal routes (those without a `name` option).
+   */
+  toRouteName?: DefaultRouteName;
+
+  // ── Staleness signal ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  /**
+   * `true` when the browser signals that data may be stale — typically because
+   * a server action was executed in this or another tab (`_rsc_stale` header).
+   *
+   * This is NOT segment cache staleness (loaders are never segment-cached).
+   * Use this to decide whether loader data should be re-fetched after an
+   * action that may have mutated backend state.
+   */
+  stale?: boolean;
+}) => boolean | { defaultShouldRevalidate: boolean } | null | void;
+
+// MiddlewareFn is imported from "../router/middleware.js" and re-exported
+
+/**
+ * Extract all route keys from a route definition (includes flattened nested routes)
+ */
+export type RouteKeys<T extends RouteDefinition> = keyof ResolvedRouteMap<T> &
+  string;
+
+/**
+ * Valid layout value - component or handler function
+ * Note: Arrays are not supported. Use separate layout() declarations with unique names instead.
+ */
+type LayoutValue<TEnv = any> = ReactNode | Handler<any, any, TEnv>;
+
+/**
+ * Helper to extract params from a route key using the resolved (flattened) route map
+ */
+export type ExtractRouteParams<
+  T extends RouteDefinition,
+  K extends string,
+> = K extends keyof ResolvedRouteMap<T>
+  ? ResolvedRouteMap<T>[K] extends string
+    ? ExtractParams<ResolvedRouteMap<T>[K]>
+    : GenericParams
+  : GenericParams;
+
+/**
+ * Handlers object that maps route names to handler functions with type-safe string patterns
+ */
+export type HandlersForRouteMap<T extends RouteDefinition, TEnv = any> = {
+  // Route handlers - type-safe params extracted from route patterns
+  [K in RouteKeys<T>]?: Handler<ExtractRouteParams<T, K & string>, any, TEnv>;
+} & {
+  // Layout patterns: $layout.{routeName}.{layoutName}
+  [K in `$layout.${RouteKeys<T> | "*"}.${string}`]?: LayoutValue<TEnv>;
+} & {
+  // Parallel route patterns: $parallel.{routeName}.{parallelName}
+  [K in `$parallel.${RouteKeys<T>}.${string}`]?: Record<
+    `@${string}`,
+    Handler<
+      K extends `$parallel.${infer RouteKey}.${string}`
+        ? RouteKey extends RouteKeys<T>
+          ? ExtractRouteParams<T, RouteKey & string>
+          : GenericParams
+        : GenericParams,
+      any,
+      TEnv
+    >
+  >;
+} & {
+  // Global parallel routes (with '*') use GenericParams
+  [K in `$parallel.${"*"}.${string}`]?: Record<
+    `@${string}`,
+    Handler<GenericParams, any, TEnv>
+  >;
+} & {
+  // Middleware patterns: $middleware.{routeName}.{middlewareName}
+  [K in `$middleware.${RouteKeys<T> | "*"}.${string}`]?: MiddlewareFn<
+    TEnv,
+    GenericParams
+  >[];
+} & {
+  // Route revalidate patterns: $revalidate.route.{routeName}.{revalidateName}
+  [K in `$revalidate.route.${RouteKeys<T> | "*"}.${string}`]?: ShouldRevalidateFn<
+    GenericParams,
+    TEnv
+  >;
+} & {
+  // Layout revalidate patterns: $revalidate.layout.{routeName}.{layoutName}.{revalidateName}
+  [K in `$revalidate.layout.${RouteKeys<T> | "*"}.${string}.${string}`]?: ShouldRevalidateFn<
+    GenericParams,
+    TEnv
+  >;
+} & {
+  // Parallel revalidate patterns: $revalidate.parallel.{routeName}.{parallelName}.{slotName}.{revalidateName}
+  [K in `$revalidate.parallel.${RouteKeys<T> | "*"}.${string}.${string}.${string}`]?: ShouldRevalidateFn<
+    GenericParams,
+    TEnv
+  >;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Revalidation function with typed params
+ *
+ * @template T - Params object
+ * @template TEnv - Environment type
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * const revalidate: Revalidate<{ slug: string }> = ({ currentParams, nextParams }) => {
+ *   return currentParams.slug !== nextParams.slug;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+export type Revalidate<
+  T = GenericParams,
+  TEnv = DefaultEnv,
+> = ShouldRevalidateFn<T, TEnv>;
+
+/**
+ * Middleware function with typed params and environment
+ *
+ * @template TParams - Params object (defaults to generic)
+ * @template TEnv - Environment type (defaults to global RSCRouter.Env)
+ *
+ * Note: Middleware cannot directly use route names for params typing because
+ * middleware is defined during router setup, before RegisteredRoutes is populated.
+ * Use ExtractParams<"/path/:id"> for typed params from a path pattern.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * // Basic middleware (uses global RSCRouter.Env via module augmentation)
+ * const middleware: Middleware = async (ctx, next) => {
+ *   ctx.set("user", { id: "123" }); // Type-safe!
+ *   await next();
+ * }
+ *
+ * // With explicit params (most common)
+ * const middleware: Middleware<{ id: string }> = async (ctx, next) => {
+ *   console.log(ctx.params.id);
+ *   await next();
+ * }
+ *
+ * // With params from path pattern
+ * const middleware: Middleware<ExtractParams<"/products/:id">> = async (ctx, next) => {
+ *   console.log(ctx.params.id);
+ *   await next();
+ * }
+ *
+ * // With both params and explicit env
+ * const middleware: Middleware<{ id: string }, AppEnv> = async (ctx, next) => {
+ *   ctx.set("user", { id: ctx.params.id });
+ *   await next();
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+export type Middleware<
+  TParams = GenericParams,
+  TEnv = DefaultEnv,
+> = MiddlewareFn<TEnv, TParams>;