@ragestudio/scylla-odm 0.22.2 → 0.22.4

package/driver/encoder.js

@@ -0,0 +1,2316 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+import util from "util"
+
+import types from "./types/index.js"
+const dataTypes = types.dataTypes
+const Long = types.Long
+const Integer = types.Integer
+const BigDecimal = types.BigDecimal
+import MutableLong from "./types/mutable-long.js"
+import utils from "./utils.js"
+import token from "./token.js"
+import Vector from "./types/vector.js"
+
+const uuidRegex =
+	/^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/i
+
+const buffers = {
+	int16Zero: utils.allocBufferFromArray([0, 0]),
+	int32Zero: utils.allocBufferFromArray([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+	int8Zero: utils.allocBufferFromArray([0]),
+	int8One: utils.allocBufferFromArray([1]),
+	int8MaxValue: utils.allocBufferFromArray([0xff]),
+}
+
+// BigInt: Avoid using literals (e.g., 32n) as we must be able to compile with older engines
+const isBigIntSupported = typeof BigInt !== "undefined"
+const bigInt32 = isBigIntSupported ? BigInt(32) : null
+const bigInt8 = isBigIntSupported ? BigInt(8) : null
+const bigInt0 = isBigIntSupported ? BigInt(0) : null
+const bigIntMinus1 = isBigIntSupported ? BigInt(-1) : null
+const bigInt32BitsOn = isBigIntSupported ? BigInt(0xffffffff) : null
+const bigInt8BitsOn = isBigIntSupported ? BigInt(0xff) : null
+
+const complexTypeNames = Object.freeze({
+	list: "org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.ListType",
+	set: "org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.SetType",
+	map: "org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.MapType",
+	udt: "org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UserType",
+	tuple: "org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.TupleType",
+	frozen: "org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.FrozenType",
+	reversed: "org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.ReversedType",
+	composite: "org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.CompositeType",
+	empty: "org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.EmptyType",
+	collection: "org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.ColumnToCollectionType",
+})
+const cqlNames = Object.freeze({
+	frozen: "frozen",
+	list: "list",
+	set: "set",
+	map: "map",
+	tuple: "tuple",
+	empty: "empty",
+	duration: "duration",
+	vector: "vector",
+})
+const singleTypeNames = Object.freeze({
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UTF8Type": dataTypes.varchar,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.AsciiType": dataTypes.ascii,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UUIDType": dataTypes.uuid,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.TimeUUIDType": dataTypes.timeuuid,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.Int32Type": dataTypes.int,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.BytesType": dataTypes.blob,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.FloatType": dataTypes.float,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.DoubleType": dataTypes.double,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.BooleanType": dataTypes.boolean,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.InetAddressType": dataTypes.inet,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.SimpleDateType": dataTypes.date,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.TimeType": dataTypes.time,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.ShortType": dataTypes.smallint,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.ByteType": dataTypes.tinyint,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.DateType": dataTypes.timestamp,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.TimestampType": dataTypes.timestamp,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.LongType": dataTypes.bigint,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.DecimalType": dataTypes.decimal,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.IntegerType": dataTypes.varint,
+	"org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.CounterColumnType": dataTypes.counter,
+})
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+const singleTypeNamesByDataType = invertObject(singleTypeNames)
+const singleFqTypeNamesLength = Object.keys(singleTypeNames).reduce(function (
+	previous,
+	current,
+) {
+	return current.length > previous ? current.length : previous
+}, 0)
+
+const customTypeNames = Object.freeze({
+	duration: "org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.DurationType",
+	vector: "org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.VectorType",
+})
+
+const nullValueBuffer = utils.allocBufferFromArray([255, 255, 255, 255])
+const unsetValueBuffer = utils.allocBufferFromArray([255, 255, 255, 254])
+
+/**
+ * For backwards compatibility, empty buffers as text/blob/custom values are supported.
+ * In the case of other types, they are going to be decoded as a <code>null</code> value.
+ * @private
+ * @type {Set}
+ */
+const zeroLengthTypesSupported = new Set([
+	dataTypes.text,
+	dataTypes.ascii,
+	dataTypes.varchar,
+	dataTypes.custom,
+	dataTypes.blob,
+])
+
+/**
+ * Serializes and deserializes to and from a CQL type and a Javascript Type.
+ * @param {Number} protocolVersion
+ * @constructor
+ */
+function Encoder(protocolVersion, options) {
+	this.encodingOptions = options.encoding || utils.emptyObject
+	defineInstanceMembers.call(this)
+	this.setProtocolVersion(protocolVersion)
+	setEncoders.call(this)
+	if (this.encodingOptions.copyBuffer) {
+		this.handleBuffer = handleBufferCopy
+	} else {
+		this.handleBuffer = handleBufferRef
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Declares the privileged instance members.
+ * @private
+ */
+function defineInstanceMembers() {
+	/**
+	 * Sets the protocol version and the encoding/decoding methods depending on the protocol version
+	 * @param {Number} value
+	 * @ignore
+	 * @internal
+	 */
+	this.setProtocolVersion = function (value) {
+		this.protocolVersion = value
+		//Set the collection serialization based on the protocol version
+		this.decodeCollectionLength = decodeCollectionLengthV3
+		this.getLengthBuffer = getLengthBufferV3
+		this.collectionLengthSize = 4
+		if (
+			!types.protocolVersion.uses4BytesCollectionLength(
+				this.protocolVersion,
+			)
+		) {
+			this.decodeCollectionLength = decodeCollectionLengthV2
+			this.getLengthBuffer = getLengthBufferV2
+			this.collectionLengthSize = 2
+		}
+	}
+
+	const customDecoders = {
+		[customTypeNames.duration]: decodeDuration,
+	}
+
+	const customEncoders = {
+		[customTypeNames.duration]: encodeDuration,
+	}
+
+	// Decoding methods
+	this.decodeBlob = function (bytes) {
+		return this.handleBuffer(bytes)
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @param {Buffer} bytes
+	 * @param {OtherCustomColumnInfo | VectorColumnInfo} columnInfo
+	 */
+	this.decodeCustom = function (bytes, columnInfo) {
+		// Make sure we actually have something to process in typeName before we go any further
+		if (!columnInfo) {
+			return this.handleBuffer(bytes)
+		}
+
+		// Special handling for vector custom types (since they have args)
+		if (
+			"customTypeName" in columnInfo &&
+			columnInfo.customTypeName === "vector"
+		) {
+			return this.decodeVector(bytes, columnInfo)
+		}
+
+		if (
+			typeof columnInfo.info === "string" &&
+			columnInfo.info.startsWith(customTypeNames.vector)
+		) {
+			const vectorColumnInfo = /** @type {VectorColumnInfo} */ (
+				this.parseFqTypeName(columnInfo.info)
+			)
+			return this.decodeVector(bytes, vectorColumnInfo)
+		}
+
+		const handler = customDecoders[columnInfo.info]
+		if (handler) {
+			return handler.call(this, bytes)
+		}
+		return this.handleBuffer(bytes)
+	}
+
+	this.decodeUtf8String = function (bytes) {
+		return bytes.toString("utf8")
+	}
+	this.decodeAsciiString = function (bytes) {
+		return bytes.toString("ascii")
+	}
+	this.decodeBoolean = function (bytes) {
+		return !!bytes.readUInt8(0)
+	}
+	this.decodeDouble = function (bytes) {
+		return bytes.readDoubleBE(0)
+	}
+	this.decodeFloat = function (bytes) {
+		return bytes.readFloatBE(0)
+	}
+	this.decodeInt = function (bytes) {
+		return bytes.readInt32BE(0)
+	}
+	this.decodeSmallint = function (bytes) {
+		return bytes.readInt16BE(0)
+	}
+	this.decodeTinyint = function (bytes) {
+		return bytes.readInt8(0)
+	}
+
+	this._decodeCqlLongAsLong = function (bytes) {
+		return Long.fromBuffer(bytes)
+	}
+
+	this._decodeCqlLongAsBigInt = function (bytes) {
+		return BigInt.asIntN(
+			64,
+			(BigInt(bytes.readUInt32BE(0)) << bigInt32) |
+				BigInt(bytes.readUInt32BE(4)),
+		)
+	}
+
+	this.decodeLong = this.encodingOptions.useBigIntAsLong
+		? this._decodeCqlLongAsBigInt
+		: this._decodeCqlLongAsLong
+
+	this._decodeVarintAsInteger = function (bytes) {
+		return Integer.fromBuffer(bytes)
+	}
+
+	this._decodeVarintAsBigInt = function decodeVarintAsBigInt(bytes) {
+		let result = bigInt0
+		if (bytes[0] <= 0x7f) {
+			for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+				const b = BigInt(bytes[bytes.length - 1 - i])
+				result = result | (b << BigInt(i * 8))
+			}
+		} else {
+			for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+				const b = BigInt(bytes[bytes.length - 1 - i])
+				result = result | ((~b & bigInt8BitsOn) << BigInt(i * 8))
+			}
+			result = ~result
+		}
+
+		return result
+	}
+
+	this.decodeVarint = this.encodingOptions.useBigIntAsVarint
+		? this._decodeVarintAsBigInt
+		: this._decodeVarintAsInteger
+
+	this.decodeDecimal = function (bytes) {
+		return BigDecimal.fromBuffer(bytes)
+	}
+	this.decodeTimestamp = function (bytes) {
+		return new Date(this._decodeCqlLongAsLong(bytes).toNumber())
+	}
+	this.decodeDate = function (bytes) {
+		return types.LocalDate.fromBuffer(bytes)
+	}
+	this.decodeTime = function (bytes) {
+		return types.LocalTime.fromBuffer(bytes)
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Reads a list from bytes
+	 */
+	this.decodeList = function (bytes, columnInfo) {
+		const subtype = columnInfo.info
+		const totalItems = this.decodeCollectionLength(bytes, 0)
+		let offset = this.collectionLengthSize
+		const list = new Array(totalItems)
+		for (let i = 0; i < totalItems; i++) {
+			//bytes length of the item
+			const length = this.decodeCollectionLength(bytes, offset)
+			offset += this.collectionLengthSize
+			//slice it
+			list[i] = this.decode(bytes.slice(offset, offset + length), subtype)
+			offset += length
+		}
+		return list
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Reads a Set from bytes
+	 */
+	this.decodeSet = function (bytes, columnInfo) {
+		const arr = this.decodeList(bytes, columnInfo)
+		if (this.encodingOptions.set) {
+			const setConstructor = this.encodingOptions.set
+			return new setConstructor(arr)
+		}
+		return arr
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Reads a map (key / value) from bytes
+	 */
+	this.decodeMap = function (bytes, columnInfo) {
+		const subtypes = columnInfo.info
+		let map
+		const totalItems = this.decodeCollectionLength(bytes, 0)
+		let offset = this.collectionLengthSize
+		const self = this
+		function readValues(callback, thisArg) {
+			for (let i = 0; i < totalItems; i++) {
+				const keyLength = self.decodeCollectionLength(bytes, offset)
+				offset += self.collectionLengthSize
+				const key = self.decode(
+					bytes.slice(offset, offset + keyLength),
+					subtypes[0],
+				)
+				offset += keyLength
+				const valueLength = self.decodeCollectionLength(bytes, offset)
+				offset += self.collectionLengthSize
+				if (valueLength < 0) {
+					callback.call(thisArg, key, null)
+					continue
+				}
+				const value = self.decode(
+					bytes.slice(offset, offset + valueLength),
+					subtypes[1],
+				)
+				offset += valueLength
+				callback.call(thisArg, key, value)
+			}
+		}
+		if (this.encodingOptions.map) {
+			const mapConstructor = this.encodingOptions.map
+			map = new mapConstructor()
+			readValues(map.set, map)
+		} else {
+			map = {}
+			readValues(function (key, value) {
+				map[key] = value
+			})
+		}
+		return map
+	}
+	this.decodeUuid = function (bytes) {
+		return new types.Uuid(this.handleBuffer(bytes))
+	}
+	this.decodeTimeUuid = function (bytes) {
+		return new types.TimeUuid(this.handleBuffer(bytes))
+	}
+	this.decodeInet = function (bytes) {
+		return new types.InetAddress(this.handleBuffer(bytes))
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Decodes a user defined type into an object
+	 * @param {Buffer} bytes
+	 * @param {UdtColumnInfo} columnInfo
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this.decodeUdt = function (bytes, columnInfo) {
+		const udtInfo = columnInfo.info
+		const result = {}
+		let offset = 0
+		for (
+			let i = 0;
+			i < udtInfo.fields.length && offset < bytes.length;
+			i++
+		) {
+			//bytes length of the field value
+			const length = bytes.readInt32BE(offset)
+			offset += 4
+			//slice it
+			const field = udtInfo.fields[i]
+			if (length < 0) {
+				result[field.name] = null
+				continue
+			}
+			result[field.name] = this.decode(
+				bytes.slice(offset, offset + length),
+				field.type,
+			)
+			offset += length
+		}
+		return result
+	}
+
+	this.decodeTuple = function (bytes, columnInfo) {
+		const tupleInfo = columnInfo.info
+		const elements = new Array(tupleInfo.length)
+		let offset = 0
+
+		for (let i = 0; i < tupleInfo.length && offset < bytes.length; i++) {
+			const length = bytes.readInt32BE(offset)
+			offset += 4
+
+			if (length < 0) {
+				elements[i] = null
+				continue
+			}
+
+			elements[i] = this.decode(
+				bytes.slice(offset, offset + length),
+				tupleInfo[i],
+			)
+			offset += length
+		}
+
+		return types.Tuple.fromArray(elements)
+	}
+
+	//Encoding methods
+	this.encodeFloat = function (value) {
+		if (typeof value === "string") {
+			// All numeric types are supported as strings for historical reasons
+			value = parseFloat(value)
+
+			if (Number.isNaN(value)) {
+				throw new TypeError(
+					`Expected string representation of a number, obtained ${util.inspect(value)}`,
+				)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (typeof value !== "number") {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Expected Number, obtained " + util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+
+		const buf = utils.allocBufferUnsafe(4)
+		buf.writeFloatBE(value, 0)
+		return buf
+	}
+
+	this.encodeDouble = function (value) {
+		if (typeof value === "string") {
+			// All numeric types are supported as strings for historical reasons
+			value = parseFloat(value)
+
+			if (Number.isNaN(value)) {
+				throw new TypeError(
+					`Expected string representation of a number, obtained ${util.inspect(value)}`,
+				)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (typeof value !== "number") {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Expected Number, obtained " + util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+
+		const buf = utils.allocBufferUnsafe(8)
+		buf.writeDoubleBE(value, 0)
+		return buf
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param {Date|String|Long|Number} value
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this.encodeTimestamp = function (value) {
+		const originalValue = value
+		if (typeof value === "string") {
+			value = new Date(value)
+		}
+		if (value instanceof Date) {
+			//milliseconds since epoch
+			value = value.getTime()
+			if (isNaN(value)) {
+				throw new TypeError("Invalid date: " + originalValue)
+			}
+		}
+		if (this.encodingOptions.useBigIntAsLong) {
+			value = BigInt(value)
+		}
+		return this.encodeLong(value)
+	}
+	/**
+	 * @param {Date|String|LocalDate} value
+	 * @returns {Buffer}
+	 * @throws {TypeError}
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this.encodeDate = function (value) {
+		const originalValue = value
+		try {
+			if (typeof value === "string") {
+				value = types.LocalDate.fromString(value)
+			}
+			if (value instanceof Date) {
+				value = types.LocalDate.fromDate(value)
+			}
+		} catch (err) {
+			//Wrap into a TypeError
+			throw new TypeError("LocalDate could not be parsed " + err)
+		}
+		if (!(value instanceof types.LocalDate)) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Expected Date/String/LocalDate, obtained " +
+					util.inspect(originalValue),
+			)
+		}
+		return value.toBuffer()
+	}
+	/**
+	 * @param {String|LocalDate} value
+	 * @returns {Buffer}
+	 * @throws {TypeError}
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this.encodeTime = function (value) {
+		const originalValue = value
+		try {
+			if (typeof value === "string") {
+				value = types.LocalTime.fromString(value)
+			}
+		} catch (err) {
+			//Wrap into a TypeError
+			throw new TypeError("LocalTime could not be parsed " + err)
+		}
+		if (!(value instanceof types.LocalTime)) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Expected String/LocalTime, obtained " +
+					util.inspect(originalValue),
+			)
+		}
+		return value.toBuffer()
+	}
+	/**
+	 * @param {Uuid|String|Buffer} value
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this.encodeUuid = function (value) {
+		if (typeof value === "string") {
+			try {
+				value = types.Uuid.fromString(value).getBuffer()
+			} catch (err) {
+				throw new TypeError(err.message)
+			}
+		} else if (value instanceof types.Uuid) {
+			value = value.getBuffer()
+		} else {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Not a valid Uuid, expected Uuid/String/Buffer, obtained " +
+					util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+
+		return value
+	}
+	/**
+	 * @param {String|InetAddress|Buffer} value
+	 * @returns {Buffer}
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this.encodeInet = function (value) {
+		if (typeof value === "string") {
+			value = types.InetAddress.fromString(value)
+		}
+		if (value instanceof types.InetAddress) {
+			value = value.getBuffer()
+		}
+		if (!(value instanceof Buffer)) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Not a valid Inet, expected InetAddress/Buffer, obtained " +
+					util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+		return value
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param {Long|Buffer|String|Number} value
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this._encodeBigIntFromLong = function (value) {
+		if (typeof value === "number") {
+			value = Long.fromNumber(value)
+		} else if (typeof value === "string") {
+			value = Long.fromString(value)
+		}
+
+		let buf = null
+
+		if (value instanceof Long) {
+			buf = Long.toBuffer(value)
+		} else if (value instanceof MutableLong) {
+			buf = Long.toBuffer(value.toImmutable())
+		}
+
+		if (buf === null) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Not a valid bigint, expected Long/Number/String/Buffer, obtained " +
+					util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+
+		return buf
+	}
+
+	this._encodeBigIntFromBigInt = function (value) {
+		if (typeof value === "string") {
+			// All numeric types are supported as strings for historical reasons
+			value = BigInt(value)
+		}
+
+		// eslint-disable-next-line valid-typeof
+		if (typeof value !== "bigint") {
+			// Only BigInt values are supported
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Not a valid BigInt value, obtained " + util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+
+		const buffer = utils.allocBufferUnsafe(8)
+		buffer.writeUInt32BE(Number(value >> bigInt32) >>> 0, 0)
+		buffer.writeUInt32BE(Number(value & bigInt32BitsOn), 4)
+		return buffer
+	}
+
+	this.encodeLong = this.encodingOptions.useBigIntAsLong
+		? this._encodeBigIntFromBigInt
+		: this._encodeBigIntFromLong
+
+	/**
+	 * @param {Integer|Buffer|String|Number} value
+	 * @returns {Buffer}
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this._encodeVarintFromInteger = function (value) {
+		if (typeof value === "number") {
+			value = Integer.fromNumber(value)
+		}
+		if (typeof value === "string") {
+			value = Integer.fromString(value)
+		}
+		let buf = null
+		if (value instanceof Buffer) {
+			buf = value
+		}
+		if (value instanceof Integer) {
+			buf = Integer.toBuffer(value)
+		}
+		if (buf === null) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Not a valid varint, expected Integer/Number/String/Buffer, obtained " +
+					util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+		return buf
+	}
+
+	this._encodeVarintFromBigInt = function (value) {
+		if (typeof value === "string") {
+			// All numeric types are supported as strings for historical reasons
+			value = BigInt(value)
+		}
+
+		// eslint-disable-next-line valid-typeof
+		if (typeof value !== "bigint") {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Not a valid varint, expected BigInt, obtained " +
+					util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+
+		if (value === bigInt0) {
+			return buffers.int8Zero
+		} else if (value === bigIntMinus1) {
+			return buffers.int8MaxValue
+		}
+
+		const parts = []
+
+		if (value > bigInt0) {
+			while (value !== bigInt0) {
+				parts.unshift(Number(value & bigInt8BitsOn))
+				value = value >> bigInt8
+			}
+
+			if (parts[0] > 0x7f) {
+				// Positive value needs a padding
+				parts.unshift(0)
+			}
+		} else {
+			while (value !== bigIntMinus1) {
+				parts.unshift(Number(value & bigInt8BitsOn))
+				value = value >> bigInt8
+			}
+
+			if (parts[0] <= 0x7f) {
+				// Negative value needs a padding
+				parts.unshift(0xff)
+			}
+		}
+
+		return utils.allocBufferFromArray(parts)
+	}
+
+	this.encodeVarint = this.encodingOptions.useBigIntAsVarint
+		? this._encodeVarintFromBigInt
+		: this._encodeVarintFromInteger
+
+	/**
+	 * @param {BigDecimal|Buffer|String|Number} value
+	 * @returns {Buffer}
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this.encodeDecimal = function (value) {
+		if (typeof value === "number") {
+			value = BigDecimal.fromNumber(value)
+		} else if (typeof value === "string") {
+			value = BigDecimal.fromString(value)
+		}
+
+		let buf = null
+
+		if (value instanceof BigDecimal) {
+			buf = BigDecimal.toBuffer(value)
+		} else {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Not a valid varint, expected BigDecimal/Number/String/Buffer, obtained " +
+					util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+
+		return buf
+	}
+	this.encodeString = function (value, encoding) {
+		if (typeof value !== "string") {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Not a valid text value, expected String obtained " +
+					util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+		return utils.allocBufferFromString(value, encoding)
+	}
+	this.encodeUtf8String = function (value) {
+		return this.encodeString(value, "utf8")
+	}
+	this.encodeAsciiString = function (value) {
+		return this.encodeString(value, "ascii")
+	}
+	this.encodeBlob = function (value) {
+		if (!(value instanceof Buffer)) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Not a valid blob, expected Buffer obtained " +
+					util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+		return value
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @param {any} value
+	 * @param {OtherCustomColumnInfo | VectorColumnInfo} columnInfo
+	 */
+	this.encodeCustom = function (value, columnInfo) {
+		if (
+			"customTypeName" in columnInfo &&
+			columnInfo.customTypeName === "vector"
+		) {
+			return this.encodeVector(value, columnInfo)
+		}
+
+		if (
+			typeof columnInfo.info === "string" &&
+			columnInfo.info.startsWith(customTypeNames.vector)
+		) {
+			const vectorColumnInfo = /** @type {VectorColumnInfo} */ (
+				this.parseFqTypeName(columnInfo.info)
+			)
+			return this.encodeVector(value, vectorColumnInfo)
+		}
+
+		const handler = customEncoders[columnInfo.info]
+		if (handler) {
+			return handler.call(this, value)
+		}
+		throw new TypeError("No encoding handler found for type " + columnInfo)
+	}
+	/**
+	 * @param {Boolean} value
+	 * @returns {Buffer}
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this.encodeBoolean = function (value) {
+		return value ? buffers.int8One : buffers.int8Zero
+	}
+	/**
+	 * @param {Number|String} value
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this.encodeInt = function (value) {
+		if (isNaN(value)) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Expected Number, obtained " + util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+		const buf = utils.allocBufferUnsafe(4)
+		buf.writeInt32BE(value, 0)
+		return buf
+	}
+	/**
+	 * @param {Number|String} value
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this.encodeSmallint = function (value) {
+		if (isNaN(value)) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Expected Number, obtained " + util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+		const buf = utils.allocBufferUnsafe(2)
+		buf.writeInt16BE(value, 0)
+		return buf
+	}
+	/**
+	 * @param {Number} value
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this.encodeTinyint = function (value) {
+		if (isNaN(value)) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Expected Number, obtained " + util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+		const buf = utils.allocBufferUnsafe(1)
+		buf.writeInt8(value, 0)
+		return buf
+	}
+	this.encodeList = function (value, columnInfo) {
+		const subtype = columnInfo.info
+		if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Not a valid list value, expected Array obtained " +
+					util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+		if (value.length === 0) {
+			return null
+		}
+		const parts = []
+		parts.push(this.getLengthBuffer(value))
+		for (let i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+			const val = value[i]
+			if (
+				val === null ||
+				typeof val === "undefined" ||
+				val === types.unset
+			) {
+				throw new TypeError(
+					"A collection can't contain null or unset values",
+				)
+			}
+			const bytes = this.encode(val, subtype)
+			//include item byte length
+			parts.push(this.getLengthBuffer(bytes))
+			//include item
+			parts.push(bytes)
+		}
+		return Buffer.concat(parts)
+	}
+	this.encodeSet = function (value, columnInfo) {
+		if (
+			this.encodingOptions.set &&
+			value instanceof this.encodingOptions.set
+		) {
+			const arr = []
+			value.forEach(function (x) {
+				arr.push(x)
+			})
+			return this.encodeList(arr, columnInfo)
+		}
+		return this.encodeList(value, columnInfo)
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Serializes a map into a Buffer
+	 * @param value
+	 * @param {MapColumnInfo} columnInfo
+	 * @returns {Buffer}
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this.encodeMap = function (value, columnInfo) {
+		const subtypes = columnInfo.info
+		const parts = []
+		let propCounter = 0
+		let keySubtype = null
+		let valueSubtype = null
+		const self = this
+		if (subtypes) {
+			keySubtype = subtypes[0]
+			valueSubtype = subtypes[1]
+		}
+		function addItem(val, key) {
+			if (
+				key === null ||
+				typeof key === "undefined" ||
+				key === types.unset
+			) {
+				throw new TypeError("A map can't contain null or unset keys")
+			}
+			if (
+				val === null ||
+				typeof val === "undefined" ||
+				val === types.unset
+			) {
+				throw new TypeError("A map can't contain null or unset values")
+			}
+			const keyBuffer = self.encode(key, keySubtype)
+			//include item byte length
+			parts.push(self.getLengthBuffer(keyBuffer))
+			//include item
+			parts.push(keyBuffer)
+			//value
+			const valueBuffer = self.encode(val, valueSubtype)
+			//include item byte length
+			parts.push(self.getLengthBuffer(valueBuffer))
+			//include item
+			if (valueBuffer !== null) {
+				parts.push(valueBuffer)
+			}
+			propCounter++
+		}
+		if (
+			this.encodingOptions.map &&
+			value instanceof this.encodingOptions.map
+		) {
+			//Use Map#forEach() method to iterate
+			value.forEach(addItem)
+		} else {
+			//Use object
+			for (const key in value) {
+				if (!value.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+					continue
+				}
+				const val = value[key]
+				addItem(val, key)
+			}
+		}
+
+		parts.unshift(this.getLengthBuffer(propCounter))
+		return Buffer.concat(parts)
+	}
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @param {any} value
+	 * @param {UdtColumnInfo} columnInfo
+	 */
+	this.encodeUdt = function (value, columnInfo) {
+		const udtInfo = columnInfo.info
+		const parts = []
+		let totalLength = 0
+		for (let i = 0; i < udtInfo.fields.length; i++) {
+			const field = udtInfo.fields[i]
+			const item = this.encode(value[field.name], field.type)
+			if (!item) {
+				parts.push(nullValueBuffer)
+				totalLength += 4
+				continue
+			}
+			if (item === types.unset) {
+				parts.push(unsetValueBuffer)
+				totalLength += 4
+				continue
+			}
+			const lengthBuffer = utils.allocBufferUnsafe(4)
+			lengthBuffer.writeInt32BE(item.length, 0)
+			parts.push(lengthBuffer)
+			parts.push(item)
+			totalLength += item.length + 4
+		}
+		return Buffer.concat(parts, totalLength)
+	}
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @param {any} value
+	 * @param {TupleColumnInfo} columnInfo
+	 */
+	this.encodeTuple = function (value, columnInfo) {
+		const tupleInfo = columnInfo.info
+		const parts = []
+		let totalLength = 0
+		const length = Math.min(tupleInfo.length, value.length)
+
+		for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+			const type = tupleInfo[i]
+			const item = this.encode(value.get(i), type)
+
+			if (!item) {
+				parts.push(nullValueBuffer)
+				totalLength += 4
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if (item === types.unset) {
+				parts.push(unsetValueBuffer)
+				totalLength += 4
+				continue
+			}
+
+			const lengthBuffer = utils.allocBufferUnsafe(4)
+			lengthBuffer.writeInt32BE(item.length, 0)
+			parts.push(lengthBuffer)
+			parts.push(item)
+			totalLength += item.length + 4
+		}
+
+		return Buffer.concat(parts, totalLength)
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @param {Buffer} buffer
+	 * @param {VectorColumnInfo} params
+	 * @returns {Vector}
+	 */
+	this.decodeVector = function (buffer, params) {
+		const subtype = params.info[0]
+		const dimension = params.info[1]
+		const elemLength = this.serializationSizeIfFixed(subtype)
+
+		const rv = []
+		let offset = 0
+		for (let i = 0; i < dimension; i++) {
+			if (elemLength === -1) {
+				// var sized
+				const [size, bytesRead] = utils.VIntCoding.uvintUnpack(
+					buffer.subarray(offset),
+				)
+				offset += bytesRead
+				if (offset + size > buffer.length) {
+					throw new TypeError("Not enough bytes to decode the vector")
+				}
+				rv[i] = this.decode(
+					buffer.subarray(offset, offset + size),
+					subtype,
+				)
+				offset += size
+			} else {
+				if (offset + elemLength > buffer.length) {
+					throw new TypeError("Not enough bytes to decode the vector")
+				}
+				rv[i] = this.decode(
+					buffer.subarray(offset, offset + elemLength),
+					subtype,
+				)
+				offset += elemLength
+			}
+		}
+		if (offset !== buffer.length) {
+			throw new TypeError("Extra bytes found after decoding the vector")
+		}
+		const typeInfo = types.getDataTypeNameByCode(subtype)
+		return new Vector(rv, typeInfo)
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param {ColumnInfo} cqlType
+	 * @returns {Number}
+	 */
+	this.serializationSizeIfFixed = function (cqlType) {
+		switch (cqlType.code) {
+			case dataTypes.bigint:
+				return 8
+			case dataTypes.boolean:
+				return 1
+			case dataTypes.timestamp:
+				return 8
+			case dataTypes.double:
+				return 8
+			case dataTypes.float:
+				return 4
+			case dataTypes.int:
+				return 4
+			case dataTypes.timeuuid:
+				return 16
+			case dataTypes.uuid:
+				return 16
+			case dataTypes.custom:
+				if (
+					"customTypeName" in cqlType &&
+					cqlType.customTypeName === "vector"
+				) {
+					const subtypeSerialSize = this.serializationSizeIfFixed(
+						cqlType.info[0],
+					)
+					if (subtypeSerialSize === -1) {
+						return -1
+					}
+					return subtypeSerialSize * cqlType.info[1]
+				}
+				return -1
+			default:
+				return -1
+		}
+	}
+	/**
+	 * @param {Vector} value
+	 * @param {VectorColumnInfo} params
+	 * @returns {Buffer}
+	 */
+	this.encodeVector = function (value, params) {
+		if (!(value instanceof Vector)) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Driver only supports Vector type when encoding a vector",
+			)
+		}
+
+		const dimension = params.info[1]
+		if (value.length !== dimension) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				`Expected vector with ${dimension} dimensions, observed size of ${value.length}`,
+			)
+		}
+
+		if (value.length === 0) {
+			throw new TypeError("Cannot encode empty array as vector")
+		}
+
+		const serializationSize = this.serializationSizeIfFixed(params.info[0])
+		const encoded = []
+		for (const elem of value) {
+			const elemBuffer = this.encode(elem, params.info[0])
+			if (serializationSize === -1) {
+				encoded.push(utils.VIntCoding.uvintPack(elemBuffer.length))
+			}
+			encoded.push(elemBuffer)
+		}
+		return Buffer.concat(encoded)
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Extract the (typed) arguments from a vector type
+	 *
+	 * @param {String} typeName
+	 * @param {String} stringToExclude Leading string indicating this is a vector type (to be excluded when eval'ing args)
+	 * @param {Function} subtypeResolveFn Function used to resolve subtype type; varies depending on type naming convention
+	 * @returns {VectorColumnInfo}
+	 * @internal
+	 */
+	this.parseVectorTypeArgs = function (
+		typeName,
+		stringToExclude,
+		subtypeResolveFn,
+	) {
+		const argsStartIndex = stringToExclude.length + 1
+		const argsLength = typeName.length - (stringToExclude.length + 2)
+		const params = parseParams(typeName, argsStartIndex, argsLength)
+		if (params.length === 2) {
+			/** @type {VectorColumnInfo} */
+			const columnInfo = {
+				code: dataTypes.custom,
+				info: [
+					subtypeResolveFn.bind(this)(params[0].trim()),
+					parseInt(params[1].trim(), 10),
+				],
+				customTypeName: "vector",
+			}
+			return columnInfo
+		}
+
+		throw new TypeError("Not a valid type " + typeName)
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * If not provided, it uses the array of buffers or the parameters and hints to build the routingKey
+	 * @param {Array} params
+	 * @param [keys] parameter keys and positions in the params array
+	 * @throws TypeError
+	 * @internal
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	this.setRoutingKeyFromUser = function (params, execOptions, keys) {
+		let totalLength = 0
+		const userRoutingKey = execOptions.getRoutingKey()
+		if (Array.isArray(userRoutingKey)) {
+			if (userRoutingKey.length === 1) {
+				execOptions.setRoutingKey(userRoutingKey[0])
+				return
+			}
+
+			// Its a composite routing key
+			totalLength = 0
+			for (let i = 0; i < userRoutingKey.length; i++) {
+				const item = userRoutingKey[i]
+				if (!item) {
+					// Invalid routing key part provided by the user, clear the value
+					execOptions.setRoutingKey(null)
+					return
+				}
+				totalLength += item.length + 3
+			}
+
+			execOptions.setRoutingKey(
+				concatRoutingKey(userRoutingKey, totalLength),
+			)
+			return
+		}
+		// If routingKey is present, ensure it is a Buffer, Token, or TokenRange.  Otherwise throw an error.
+		if (userRoutingKey) {
+			if (
+				userRoutingKey instanceof Buffer ||
+				userRoutingKey instanceof token.Token ||
+				userRoutingKey instanceof token.TokenRange
+			) {
+				return
+			}
+
+			throw new TypeError(
+				`Unexpected routingKey '${util.inspect(userRoutingKey)}' provided. ` +
+					`Expected Buffer, Array<Buffer>, Token, or TokenRange.`,
+			)
+		}
+
+		// If no params are present, return as routing key cannot be determined.
+		if (!params || params.length === 0) {
+			return
+		}
+
+		let routingIndexes = execOptions.getRoutingIndexes()
+		if (execOptions.getRoutingNames()) {
+			routingIndexes = execOptions.getRoutingNames().map((k) => keys[k])
+		}
+		if (!routingIndexes) {
+			return
+		}
+
+		const parts = []
+		const hints = execOptions.getHints() || utils.emptyArray
+
+		const encodeParam = !keys
+			? (i) => this.encode(params[i], hints[i])
+			: (i) => this.encode(params[i].value, hints[i])
+
+		try {
+			totalLength = this._encodeRoutingKeyParts(
+				parts,
+				routingIndexes,
+				encodeParam,
+			)
+		} catch (e) {
+			// There was an error encoding a parameter that is part of the routing key,
+			// ignore now to fail afterwards
+		}
+
+		if (totalLength === 0) {
+			return
+		}
+
+		execOptions.setRoutingKey(concatRoutingKey(parts, totalLength))
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the routing key in the options based on the prepared statement metadata.
+	 * @param {Object} meta Prepared metadata
+	 * @param {Array} params Array of parameters
+	 * @param {ExecutionOptions} execOptions
+	 * @throws TypeError
+	 * @internal
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	this.setRoutingKeyFromMeta = function (meta, params, execOptions) {
+		const routingIndexes = execOptions.getRoutingIndexes()
+		if (!routingIndexes) {
+			return
+		}
+		const parts = new Array(routingIndexes.length)
+		const encodeParam = (i) => {
+			const columnInfo = meta.columns[i]
+			return this.encode(params[i], columnInfo ? columnInfo.type : null)
+		}
+
+		let totalLength = 0
+
+		try {
+			totalLength = this._encodeRoutingKeyParts(
+				parts,
+				routingIndexes,
+				encodeParam,
+			)
+		} catch (e) {
+			// There was an error encoding a parameter that is part of the routing key,
+			// ignore now to fail afterwards
+		}
+
+		if (totalLength === 0) {
+			return
+		}
+
+		execOptions.setRoutingKey(concatRoutingKey(parts, totalLength))
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param {Array} parts
+	 * @param {Array} routingIndexes
+	 * @param {Function} encodeParam
+	 * @returns {Number} The total length
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this._encodeRoutingKeyParts = function (
+		parts,
+		routingIndexes,
+		encodeParam,
+	) {
+		let totalLength = 0
+		for (let i = 0; i < routingIndexes.length; i++) {
+			const paramIndex = routingIndexes[i]
+			if (paramIndex === undefined) {
+				// Bad input from the user, ignore
+				return 0
+			}
+
+			const item = encodeParam(paramIndex)
+			if (item === null || item === undefined || item === types.unset) {
+				// The encoded partition key should an instance of Buffer
+				// Let it fail later in the pipeline for null/undefined parameter values
+				return 0
+			}
+
+			// Per each part of the routing key, 3 extra bytes are needed
+			totalLength += item.length + 3
+			parts[i] = item
+		}
+		return totalLength
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Parses a CQL name string into data type information
+	 * @param {String} keyspace
+	 * @param {String} typeName
+	 * @param {Number} startIndex
+	 * @param {Number|null} length
+	 * @param {Function} udtResolver
+	 * @async
+	 * @returns {Promise.<ColumnInfo>} callback Callback invoked with err and  {{code: number, info: Object|Array|null, options: {frozen: Boolean}}}
+	 * @internal
+	 * @throws {Error}
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	this.parseTypeName = async function (
+		keyspace,
+		typeName,
+		startIndex,
+		length,
+		udtResolver,
+	) {
+		startIndex = startIndex || 0
+		if (!length) {
+			length = typeName.length
+		}
+
+		let innerTypes
+		let frozen = false
+
+		if (typeName.indexOf("'", startIndex) === startIndex) {
+			//If quoted, this is a custom type.
+			const info = typeName.substr(startIndex + 1, length - 2)
+			return {
+				code: dataTypes.custom,
+				info: info,
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!length) {
+			length = typeName.length
+		}
+
+		if (typeName.indexOf(cqlNames.frozen, startIndex) === startIndex) {
+			//Remove the frozen token
+			startIndex += cqlNames.frozen.length + 1
+			length -= cqlNames.frozen.length + 2
+			frozen = true
+		}
+
+		if (typeName.indexOf(cqlNames.list, startIndex) === startIndex) {
+			//move cursor across the name and bypass the angle brackets
+			startIndex += cqlNames.list.length + 1
+			length -= cqlNames.list.length + 2
+			innerTypes = parseParams(typeName, startIndex, length, "<", ">")
+
+			if (innerTypes.length !== 1) {
+				throw new TypeError("Not a valid type " + typeName)
+			}
+
+			const info = await this.parseTypeName(
+				keyspace,
+				innerTypes[0],
+				0,
+				null,
+				udtResolver,
+			)
+			return {
+				code: dataTypes.list,
+				info: info,
+				options: {
+					frozen: frozen,
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (typeName.indexOf(cqlNames.set, startIndex) === startIndex) {
+			//move cursor across the name and bypass the angle brackets
+			startIndex += cqlNames.set.length + 1
+			length -= cqlNames.set.length + 2
+			innerTypes = parseParams(typeName, startIndex, length, "<", ">")
+
+			if (innerTypes.length !== 1) {
+				throw new TypeError("Not a valid type " + typeName)
+			}
+
+			const info = await this.parseTypeName(
+				keyspace,
+				innerTypes[0],
+				0,
+				null,
+				udtResolver,
+			)
+			return {
+				code: dataTypes.set,
+				info: info,
+				options: {
+					frozen: frozen,
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (typeName.indexOf(cqlNames.map, startIndex) === startIndex) {
+			//move cursor across the name and bypass the angle brackets
+			startIndex += cqlNames.map.length + 1
+			length -= cqlNames.map.length + 2
+			innerTypes = parseParams(typeName, startIndex, length, "<", ">")
+
+			//It should contain the key and value types
+			if (innerTypes.length !== 2) {
+				throw new TypeError("Not a valid type " + typeName)
+			}
+
+			const info = await this._parseChildTypes(
+				keyspace,
+				innerTypes,
+				udtResolver,
+			)
+			return {
+				code: dataTypes.map,
+				info: info,
+				options: {
+					frozen: frozen,
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (typeName.indexOf(cqlNames.tuple, startIndex) === startIndex) {
+			//move cursor across the name and bypass the angle brackets
+			startIndex += cqlNames.tuple.length + 1
+			length -= cqlNames.tuple.length + 2
+			innerTypes = parseParams(typeName, startIndex, length, "<", ">")
+
+			if (innerTypes.length < 1) {
+				throw new TypeError("Not a valid type " + typeName)
+			}
+
+			const info = await this._parseChildTypes(
+				keyspace,
+				innerTypes,
+				udtResolver,
+			)
+			return {
+				code: dataTypes.tuple,
+				info: info,
+				options: { frozen: frozen },
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (typeName.indexOf(cqlNames.vector, startIndex) === startIndex) {
+			// It's a vector, so record the subtype and dimension.
+
+			// parseVectorTypeArgs is not an async function but we are.  To keep things simple let's ask the
+			// function to just return whatever it finds for an arg and we'll eval it after the fact
+			const params = this.parseVectorTypeArgs.bind(this)(
+				typeName,
+				cqlNames.vector,
+				(arg) => arg,
+			)
+			params["info"][0] = await this.parseTypeName(
+				keyspace,
+				params["info"][0],
+			)
+
+			return params
+		}
+
+		const quoted = typeName.indexOf('"', startIndex) === startIndex
+		if (quoted) {
+			// Remove quotes
+			startIndex++
+			length -= 2
+		}
+
+		// Quick check if its a single type
+		if (startIndex > 0) {
+			typeName = typeName.substr(startIndex, length)
+		}
+
+		// Un-escape double quotes if quoted.
+		if (quoted) {
+			typeName = typeName.replace('""', '"')
+		}
+
+		const typeCode = dataTypes[typeName]
+		if (typeof typeCode === "number") {
+			return { code: typeCode, info: null }
+		}
+
+		if (typeName === cqlNames.duration) {
+			return { code: dataTypes.custom, info: customTypeNames.duration }
+		}
+
+		if (typeName === cqlNames.empty) {
+			// Set as custom
+			return { code: dataTypes.custom, info: "empty" }
+		}
+
+		const udtInfo = await udtResolver(keyspace, typeName)
+		if (udtInfo) {
+			return {
+				code: dataTypes.udt,
+				info: udtInfo,
+				options: {
+					frozen: frozen,
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		throw new TypeError('Not a valid type "' + typeName + '"')
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param {String} keyspace
+	 * @param {Array} typeNames
+	 * @param {Function} udtResolver
+	 * @returns {Promise}
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	this._parseChildTypes = function (keyspace, typeNames, udtResolver) {
+		return Promise.all(
+			typeNames.map((name) =>
+				this.parseTypeName(keyspace, name.trim(), 0, null, udtResolver),
+			),
+		)
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Parses a Cassandra fully-qualified class name string into data type information
+	 * @param {String} typeName
+	 * @param {Number} [startIndex]
+	 * @param {Number} [length]
+	 * @throws {TypeError}
+	 * @returns {ColumnInfo}
+	 * @internal
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	this.parseFqTypeName = function (typeName, startIndex, length) {
+		let frozen = false
+		let reversed = false
+		startIndex = startIndex || 0
+		let params
+		if (!length) {
+			length = typeName.length
+		}
+		if (
+			length > complexTypeNames.reversed.length &&
+			typeName.indexOf(complexTypeNames.reversed) === startIndex
+		) {
+			//Remove the reversed token
+			startIndex += complexTypeNames.reversed.length + 1
+			length -= complexTypeNames.reversed.length + 2
+			reversed = true
+		}
+		if (
+			length > complexTypeNames.frozen.length &&
+			typeName.indexOf(complexTypeNames.frozen, startIndex) === startIndex
+		) {
+			//Remove the frozen token
+			startIndex += complexTypeNames.frozen.length + 1
+			length -= complexTypeNames.frozen.length + 2
+			frozen = true
+		}
+		const options = {
+			frozen: frozen,
+			reversed: reversed,
+		}
+		if (typeName === complexTypeNames.empty) {
+			//set as custom
+			return {
+				code: dataTypes.custom,
+				info: "empty",
+				options: options,
+			}
+		}
+		//Quick check if its a single type
+		if (length <= singleFqTypeNamesLength) {
+			if (startIndex > 0) {
+				typeName = typeName.substr(startIndex, length)
+			}
+			const typeCode = singleTypeNames[typeName]
+			if (typeof typeCode === "number") {
+				return { code: typeCode, info: null, options: options }
+			}
+			// special handling for duration
+			if (typeName === customTypeNames.duration) {
+				return { code: dataTypes.duration, options: options }
+			}
+			throw new TypeError('Not a valid type "' + typeName + '"')
+		}
+		if (
+			typeName.indexOf(complexTypeNames.list, startIndex) === startIndex
+		) {
+			//Its a list
+			//org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.ListType(innerType)
+			//move cursor across the name and bypass the parenthesis
+			startIndex += complexTypeNames.list.length + 1
+			length -= complexTypeNames.list.length + 2
+			params = parseParams(typeName, startIndex, length)
+			if (params.length !== 1) {
+				throw new TypeError("Not a valid type " + typeName)
+			}
+			const info = this.parseFqTypeName(params[0])
+			return {
+				code: dataTypes.list,
+				info: info,
+				options: options,
+			}
+		}
+		if (typeName.indexOf(complexTypeNames.set, startIndex) === startIndex) {
+			//Its a set
+			//org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.SetType(innerType)
+			//move cursor across the name and bypass the parenthesis
+			startIndex += complexTypeNames.set.length + 1
+			length -= complexTypeNames.set.length + 2
+			params = parseParams(typeName, startIndex, length)
+			if (params.length !== 1) {
+				throw new TypeError("Not a valid type " + typeName)
+			}
+			const info = this.parseFqTypeName(params[0])
+			return {
+				code: dataTypes.set,
+				info: info,
+				options: options,
+			}
+		}
+		if (typeName.indexOf(complexTypeNames.map, startIndex) === startIndex) {
+			//org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.MapType(keyType,valueType)
+			//move cursor across the name and bypass the parenthesis
+			startIndex += complexTypeNames.map.length + 1
+			length -= complexTypeNames.map.length + 2
+			params = parseParams(typeName, startIndex, length)
+			//It should contain the key and value types
+			if (params.length !== 2) {
+				throw new TypeError("Not a valid type " + typeName)
+			}
+			const info1 = this.parseFqTypeName(params[0])
+			const info2 = this.parseFqTypeName(params[1])
+			return {
+				code: dataTypes.map,
+				info: [info1, info2],
+				options: options,
+			}
+		}
+		if (typeName.indexOf(complexTypeNames.udt, startIndex) === startIndex) {
+			//move cursor across the name and bypass the parenthesis
+			startIndex += complexTypeNames.udt.length + 1
+			length -= complexTypeNames.udt.length + 2
+			const udtType = this._parseUdtName(typeName, startIndex, length)
+			udtType.options = options
+			return udtType
+		}
+		if (
+			typeName.indexOf(complexTypeNames.tuple, startIndex) === startIndex
+		) {
+			//move cursor across the name and bypass the parenthesis
+			startIndex += complexTypeNames.tuple.length + 1
+			length -= complexTypeNames.tuple.length + 2
+			params = parseParams(typeName, startIndex, length)
+			if (params.length < 1) {
+				throw new TypeError("Not a valid type " + typeName)
+			}
+			const info = params.map((x) => this.parseFqTypeName(x))
+			return {
+				code: dataTypes.tuple,
+				info: info,
+				options: options,
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (
+			typeName.indexOf(customTypeNames.vector, startIndex) === startIndex
+		) {
+			// It's a vector, so record the subtype and dimension.
+			const params = this.parseVectorTypeArgs.bind(this)(
+				typeName,
+				customTypeNames.vector,
+				this.parseFqTypeName,
+			)
+			params.options = options
+			return params
+		}
+
+		// Assume custom type if cannot be parsed up to this point.
+		const info = typeName.substr(startIndex, length)
+		return {
+			code: dataTypes.custom,
+			info: info,
+			options: options,
+		}
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Parses type names with composites
+	 * @param {String} typesString
+	 * @returns {{types: Array, isComposite: Boolean, hasCollections: Boolean}}
+	 * @internal
+	 * @ignore
+	 */
+	this.parseKeyTypes = function (typesString) {
+		let i = 0
+		let length = typesString.length
+		const isComposite =
+			typesString.indexOf(complexTypeNames.composite) === 0
+		if (isComposite) {
+			i = complexTypeNames.composite.length + 1
+			length--
+		}
+		const types = []
+		let startIndex = i
+		let nested = 0
+		let inCollectionType = false
+		let hasCollections = false
+		//as collection types are not allowed, it is safe to split by ,
+		while (++i < length) {
+			switch (typesString[i]) {
+				case ",":
+					if (nested > 0) {
+						break
+					}
+					if (inCollectionType) {
+						//remove type id
+						startIndex = typesString.indexOf(":", startIndex) + 1
+					}
+					types.push(typesString.substring(startIndex, i))
+					startIndex = i + 1
+					break
+				case "(":
+					if (
+						nested === 0 &&
+						typesString.indexOf(
+							complexTypeNames.collection,
+							startIndex,
+						) === startIndex
+					) {
+						inCollectionType = true
+						hasCollections = true
+						//skip collection type
+						i++
+						startIndex = i
+						break
+					}
+					nested++
+					break
+				case ")":
+					if (inCollectionType && nested === 0) {
+						types.push(
+							typesString.substring(
+								typesString.indexOf(":", startIndex) + 1,
+								i,
+							),
+						)
+						startIndex = i + 1
+						break
+					}
+					nested--
+					break
+			}
+		}
+		if (startIndex < length) {
+			types.push(typesString.substring(startIndex, length))
+		}
+		return {
+			types: types.map((name) => this.parseFqTypeName(name)),
+			hasCollections: hasCollections,
+			isComposite: isComposite,
+		}
+	}
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @param {string} typeName
+	 * @param {number} startIndex
+	 * @param {number} length
+	 * @returns {UdtColumnInfo}
+	 */
+	this._parseUdtName = function (typeName, startIndex, length) {
+		const udtParams = parseParams(typeName, startIndex, length)
+		if (udtParams.length < 2) {
+			//It should contain at least the keyspace, name of the udt and a type
+			throw new TypeError("Not a valid type " + typeName)
+		}
+		/**
+		 * @type {{keyspace: String, name: String, fields: Array}}
+		 */
+		const udtInfo = {
+			keyspace: udtParams[0],
+			name: utils.allocBufferFromString(udtParams[1], "hex").toString(),
+			fields: [],
+		}
+		for (let i = 2; i < udtParams.length; i++) {
+			const p = udtParams[i]
+			const separatorIndex = p.indexOf(":")
+			const fieldType = this.parseFqTypeName(
+				p,
+				separatorIndex + 1,
+				p.length - (separatorIndex + 1),
+			)
+			udtInfo.fields.push({
+				name: utils
+					.allocBufferFromString(p.substr(0, separatorIndex), "hex")
+					.toString(),
+				type: fieldType,
+			})
+		}
+		return {
+			code: dataTypes.udt,
+			info: udtInfo,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets the encoder and decoder methods for this instance
+ * @private
+ */
+function setEncoders() {
+	this.decoders = {
+		[dataTypes.custom]: this.decodeCustom,
+		[dataTypes.ascii]: this.decodeAsciiString,
+		[dataTypes.bigint]: this.decodeLong,
+		[dataTypes.blob]: this.decodeBlob,
+		[dataTypes.boolean]: this.decodeBoolean,
+		[dataTypes.counter]: this.decodeLong,
+		[dataTypes.decimal]: this.decodeDecimal,
+		[dataTypes.double]: this.decodeDouble,
+		[dataTypes.float]: this.decodeFloat,
+		[dataTypes.int]: this.decodeInt,
+		[dataTypes.text]: this.decodeUtf8String,
+		[dataTypes.timestamp]: this.decodeTimestamp,
+		[dataTypes.uuid]: this.decodeUuid,
+		[dataTypes.varchar]: this.decodeUtf8String,
+		[dataTypes.varint]: this.decodeVarint,
+		[dataTypes.timeuuid]: this.decodeTimeUuid,
+		[dataTypes.inet]: this.decodeInet,
+		[dataTypes.date]: this.decodeDate,
+		[dataTypes.time]: this.decodeTime,
+		[dataTypes.smallint]: this.decodeSmallint,
+		[dataTypes.tinyint]: this.decodeTinyint,
+		[dataTypes.duration]: decodeDuration,
+		[dataTypes.list]: this.decodeList,
+		[dataTypes.map]: this.decodeMap,
+		[dataTypes.set]: this.decodeSet,
+		[dataTypes.udt]: this.decodeUdt,
+		[dataTypes.tuple]: this.decodeTuple,
+	}
+
+	this.encoders = {
+		[dataTypes.custom]: this.encodeCustom,
+		[dataTypes.ascii]: this.encodeAsciiString,
+		[dataTypes.bigint]: this.encodeLong,
+		[dataTypes.blob]: this.encodeBlob,
+		[dataTypes.boolean]: this.encodeBoolean,
+		[dataTypes.counter]: this.encodeLong,
+		[dataTypes.decimal]: this.encodeDecimal,
+		[dataTypes.double]: this.encodeDouble,
+		[dataTypes.float]: this.encodeFloat,
+		[dataTypes.int]: this.encodeInt,
+		[dataTypes.text]: this.encodeUtf8String,
+		[dataTypes.timestamp]: this.encodeTimestamp,
+		[dataTypes.uuid]: this.encodeUuid,
+		[dataTypes.varchar]: this.encodeUtf8String,
+		[dataTypes.varint]: this.encodeVarint,
+		[dataTypes.timeuuid]: this.encodeUuid,
+		[dataTypes.inet]: this.encodeInet,
+		[dataTypes.date]: this.encodeDate,
+		[dataTypes.time]: this.encodeTime,
+		[dataTypes.smallint]: this.encodeSmallint,
+		[dataTypes.tinyint]: this.encodeTinyint,
+		[dataTypes.duration]: encodeDuration,
+		[dataTypes.list]: this.encodeList,
+		[dataTypes.map]: this.encodeMap,
+		[dataTypes.set]: this.encodeSet,
+		[dataTypes.udt]: this.encodeUdt,
+		[dataTypes.tuple]: this.encodeTuple,
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decodes Cassandra bytes into Javascript values.
+ * <p>
+ * This is part of an <b>experimental</b> API, this can be changed future releases.
+ * </p>
+ * @param {Buffer} buffer Raw buffer to be decoded.
+ * @param {ColumnInfo} type
+ */
+Encoder.prototype.decode = function (buffer, type) {
+	if (
+		buffer === null ||
+		(buffer.length === 0 && !zeroLengthTypesSupported.has(type.code))
+	) {
+		return null
+	}
+
+	const decoder = this.decoders[type.code]
+
+	if (!decoder) {
+		throw new Error("Unknown data type: " + type.code)
+	}
+
+	return decoder.call(this, buffer, type)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encodes Javascript types into Buffer according to the Cassandra protocol.
+ * <p>
+ * This is part of an <b>experimental</b> API, this can be changed future releases.
+ * </p>
+ * @param {*} value The value to be converted.
+ * @param {ColumnInfo | Number | String} typeInfo The type information.
+ * <p>It can be either a:</p>
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>A <code>String</code> representing the data type.</li>
+ *   <li>A <code>Number</code> with one of the values of {@link module:types~dataTypes dataTypes}.</li>
+ *   <li>An <code>Object</code> containing the <code>type.code</code> as one of the values of
+ *   {@link module:types~dataTypes dataTypes} and <code>type.info</code>.
+ *   </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ * @throws {TypeError} When there is an encoding error
+ */
+Encoder.prototype.encode = function (value, typeInfo) {
+	if (value === undefined) {
+		value =
+			this.encodingOptions.useUndefinedAsUnset &&
+			this.protocolVersion >= 4
+				? types.unset
+				: null
+	}
+
+	if (value === types.unset) {
+		if (!types.protocolVersion.supportsUnset(this.protocolVersion)) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Unset value can not be used for this version of Cassandra, protocol version: " +
+					this.protocolVersion,
+			)
+		}
+
+		return value
+	}
+
+	if (value === null || value instanceof Buffer) {
+		return value
+	}
+
+	/** @type {ColumnInfo | null} */
+	let type = null
+
+	if (typeInfo) {
+		if (typeof typeInfo === "number") {
+			type = {
+				code: typeInfo,
+			}
+		} else if (typeof typeInfo === "string") {
+			type = dataTypes.getByName(typeInfo)
+		} else if (typeof typeInfo.code === "number") {
+			type = typeInfo
+		}
+		if (type == null || typeof type.code !== "number") {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Type information not valid, only String and Number values are valid hints",
+			)
+		}
+	} else {
+		//Lets guess
+		type = Encoder.guessDataType(value)
+		if (!type) {
+			throw new TypeError(
+				"Target data type could not be guessed, you should use prepared statements for accurate type mapping. Value: " +
+					util.inspect(value),
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	const encoder = this.encoders[type.code]
+
+	if (!encoder) {
+		throw new Error("Type not supported " + type.code)
+	}
+
+	return encoder.call(this, value, type)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Try to guess the Cassandra type to be stored, based on the javascript value type
+ * @param value
+ * @returns {ColumnInfo | null}
+ * @ignore
+ * @internal
+ */
+Encoder.guessDataType = function (value) {
+	const esTypeName = typeof value
+	if (esTypeName === "number") {
+		return { code: dataTypes.double }
+	} else if (esTypeName === "string") {
+		if (value.length === 36 && uuidRegex.test(value)) {
+			return { code: dataTypes.uuid }
+		}
+		return { code: dataTypes.text }
+	} else if (esTypeName === "boolean") {
+		return { code: dataTypes.boolean }
+	} else if (value instanceof Buffer) {
+		return { code: dataTypes.blob }
+	} else if (value instanceof Date) {
+		return { code: dataTypes.timestamp }
+	} else if (value instanceof Long) {
+		return { code: dataTypes.bigint }
+	} else if (value instanceof Integer) {
+		return { code: dataTypes.varint }
+	} else if (value instanceof BigDecimal) {
+		return { code: dataTypes.decimal }
+	} else if (value instanceof types.Uuid) {
+		return { code: dataTypes.uuid }
+	} else if (value instanceof types.InetAddress) {
+		return { code: dataTypes.inet }
+	} else if (value instanceof types.Tuple) {
+		return { code: dataTypes.tuple }
+	} else if (value instanceof types.LocalDate) {
+		return { code: dataTypes.date }
+	} else if (value instanceof types.LocalTime) {
+		return { code: dataTypes.time }
+	} else if (value instanceof types.Duration) {
+		return { code: dataTypes.custom, info: customTypeNames.duration }
+	}
+	// Map JS TypedArrays onto vectors
+	else if (value instanceof types.Vector) {
+		if (value && value.length > 0) {
+			if (value instanceof Float32Array) {
+				return {
+					code: dataTypes.custom,
+					customTypeName: "vector",
+					info: [{ code: dataTypes.float }, value.length],
+				}
+			}
+
+			/** @type {ColumnInfo?} */
+			let subtypeColumnInfo = null
+			// try to fetch the subtype from the Vector, or else guess
+			if (value.subtype) {
+				try {
+					subtypeColumnInfo = dataTypes.getByName(value.subtype)
+				} catch (TypeError) {
+					// ignore
+				}
+			}
+			if (subtypeColumnInfo == null) {
+				subtypeColumnInfo = this.guessDataType(value[0])
+			}
+			if (subtypeColumnInfo != null) {
+				return {
+					code: dataTypes.custom,
+					customTypeName: "vector",
+					info: [subtypeColumnInfo, value.length],
+				}
+			}
+			throw new TypeError("Cannot guess subtype from element " + value[0])
+		} else {
+			throw new TypeError("Cannot guess subtype of empty vector")
+		}
+	} else if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+		return { code: dataTypes.list }
+	}
+
+	return null
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets a buffer containing with the bytes (BE) representing the collection length for protocol v2 and below
+ * @param {Buffer|Number} value
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ * @private
+ */
+function getLengthBufferV2(value) {
+	if (!value) {
+		return buffers.int16Zero
+	}
+	const lengthBuffer = utils.allocBufferUnsafe(2)
+	if (typeof value === "number") {
+		lengthBuffer.writeUInt16BE(value, 0)
+	} else {
+		lengthBuffer.writeUInt16BE(value.length, 0)
+	}
+	return lengthBuffer
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets a buffer containing with the bytes (BE) representing the collection length for protocol v3 and above
+ * @param {Buffer|Number} value
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ * @private
+ */
+function getLengthBufferV3(value) {
+	if (!value) {
+		return buffers.int32Zero
+	}
+	const lengthBuffer = utils.allocBufferUnsafe(4)
+	if (typeof value === "number") {
+		lengthBuffer.writeInt32BE(value, 0)
+	} else {
+		lengthBuffer.writeInt32BE(value.length, 0)
+	}
+	return lengthBuffer
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Buffer} buffer
+ * @private
+ */
+function handleBufferCopy(buffer) {
+	if (buffer === null) {
+		return null
+	}
+	return utils.copyBuffer(buffer)
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Buffer} buffer
+ * @private
+ */
+function handleBufferRef(buffer) {
+	return buffer
+}
+/**
+ * Decodes collection length for protocol v3 and above
+ * @param bytes
+ * @param offset
+ * @returns {Number}
+ * @private
+ */
+function decodeCollectionLengthV3(bytes, offset) {
+	return bytes.readInt32BE(offset)
+}
+/**
+ * Decodes collection length for protocol v2 and below
+ * @param bytes
+ * @param offset
+ * @returns {Number}
+ * @private
+ */
+function decodeCollectionLengthV2(bytes, offset) {
+	return bytes.readUInt16BE(offset)
+}
+
+function decodeDuration(bytes) {
+	return types.Duration.fromBuffer(bytes)
+}
+
+function encodeDuration(value) {
+	if (!(value instanceof types.Duration)) {
+		throw new TypeError(
+			"Not a valid duration, expected Duration/Buffer obtained " +
+				util.inspect(value),
+		)
+	}
+	return value.toBuffer()
+}
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * @param {Buffer} buffer
+ */
+// geometry and daterange types not supported in this build
+function decodeLineString() {
+	throw new Error("LineString type not supported")
+}
+function encodeLineString() {
+	throw new Error("LineString type not supported")
+}
+function decodePoint() {
+	throw new Error("Point type not supported")
+}
+function encodePoint() {
+	throw new Error("Point type not supported")
+}
+function decodePolygon() {
+	throw new Error("Polygon type not supported")
+}
+function encodePolygon() {
+	throw new Error("Polygon type not supported")
+}
+function decodeDateRange() {
+	throw new Error("DateRange type not supported")
+}
+function encodeDateRange() {
+	throw new Error("DateRange type not supported")
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {String} value
+ * @param {Number} startIndex
+ * @param {Number} length
+ * @param {String} [open]
+ * @param {String} [close]
+ * @returns {Array<String>}
+ * @private
+ */
+function parseParams(value, startIndex, length, open, close) {
+	open = open || "("
+	close = close || ")"
+	const types = []
+	let paramStart = startIndex
+	let level = 0
+	for (let i = startIndex; i < startIndex + length; i++) {
+		const c = value[i]
+		if (c === open) {
+			level++
+		}
+		if (c === close) {
+			level--
+		}
+		if (level === 0 && c === ",") {
+			types.push(value.substr(paramStart, i - paramStart))
+			paramStart = i + 1
+		}
+	}
+	//Add the last one
+	types.push(value.substr(paramStart, length - (paramStart - startIndex)))
+	return types
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Array.<Buffer>} parts
+ * @param {Number} totalLength
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ * @private
+ */
+function concatRoutingKey(parts, totalLength) {
+	if (totalLength === 0) {
+		return null
+	}
+	if (parts.length === 1) {
+		return parts[0]
+	}
+	const routingKey = utils.allocBufferUnsafe(totalLength)
+	let offset = 0
+	for (let i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
+		const item = parts[i]
+		routingKey.writeUInt16BE(item.length, offset)
+		offset += 2
+		item.copy(routingKey, offset)
+		offset += item.length
+		routingKey[offset] = 0
+		offset++
+	}
+	return routingKey
+}
+
+function invertObject(obj) {
+	const rv = {}
+	for (const k in obj) {
+		if (obj.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
+			rv[obj[k]] = k
+		}
+	}
+	return rv
+}
+Encoder.isTypedArray = function (arg) {
+	// The TypedArray superclass isn't available directly so to detect an instance of a TypedArray
+	// subclass we have to access the prototype of a concrete instance.  There's nothing magical about
+	// Uint8Array here; we could just as easily use any of the other TypedArray subclasses.
+	return arg instanceof Object.getPrototypeOf(Uint8Array)
+}
+
+export default Encoder