@query-doctor/core 0.10.7 → 0.10.9

package/dist/index.cjs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ const require_pg_identifier = require("./sql/pg-identifier.cjs");
 const require_schema = require("./schema.cjs");
 const require_nudges = require("./sql/nudges.cjs");
 const require_analyzer = require("./sql/analyzer.cjs");
+const require_test_origin = require("./sql/test-origin.cjs");
 const require_database = require("./sql/database.cjs");
 const require_display_query = require("./sql/display-query.cjs");
 const require_normalized_fingerprint = require("./sql/normalized-fingerprint.cjs");
@@ -73,5 +74,7 @@ exports.ignoredIdentifier = require_analyzer.ignoredIdentifier;
 exports.indexCovers = require_index_coverage.indexCovers;
 exports.isIndexProbablyDroppable = require_indexes.isIndexProbablyDroppable;
 exports.isIndexSupported = require_indexes.isIndexSupported;
+exports.isTestFilePath = require_test_origin.isTestFilePath;
+exports.isTestOriginQuery = require_test_origin.isTestOriginQuery;
 exports.normalizedFingerprint = require_normalized_fingerprint.normalizedFingerprint;
 exports.parseNudges = require_nudges.parseNudges;

package/dist/index.d.cts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { ColumnMetadata, ComputedColumnStats, ComputedReltuples, ComputedStats,
 import { IndexIdentifier, IndexOptimizer, IndexToCreate, OptimizeResult, PROCEED, PermutedIndexCandidate, RootIndexCandidate, SKIP } from "./optimizer/genalgo.cjs";
 import { Nudge, parseNudges } from "./sql/nudges.cjs";
 import { AnalysisResult, Analyzer, DatabaseDriver, DiscoveredColumnReference, JsonbOperator, Parser, SQLCommenterExtraction, SQLCommenterTag, SortContext, StatementType, TableReference, ignoredIdentifier } from "./sql/analyzer.cjs";
+import { isTestFilePath, isTestOriginQuery } from "./sql/test-origin.cjs";
 import { CompactSelectListOptions, compactSelectList } from "./sql/display-query.cjs";
 import { FingerprintFn, normalizedFingerprint } from "./sql/normalized-fingerprint.cjs";
 import { DuplicateIndexGroup, groupDuplicateIndexes, isIndexProbablyDroppable, isIndexSupported } from "./sql/indexes.cjs";
@@ -20,4 +21,4 @@ import { ActionPlanNudgeQuery, ActionableStep, AffectedQueryCost, CostReduction,
 import { deriveSentryEnvironment } from "./sentry.cjs";
 import { ClientApi, ConnectionMode, ExtensionPresence, IndexDefinition, RepoConfig, ServerApi, UnauthenticatedServerApi } from "./websocket-server.cjs";
 import { QueryFinding, QueryFindingCode, QueryFindingSeverity, analyzeQueryFindings } from "./findings/query-findings.cjs";
-export { ActionPlanNudgeQuery, ActionPlanQuery, ActionableStep, AffectedQueryCost, AggregatedIndexRecommendation, AnalysisResult, Analyzer, ClientApi, ColumnMetadata, CombinedExport, CompactSelectListOptions, ComputedColumnStats, ComputedReltuples, ComputedStats, ConnectionMode, CostReduction, DUMP_STATS_SQL, DatabaseDriver, DiscoveredColumnReference, DomainLabel, DuplicateIndexGroup, ExportedQuery, ExportedStats, ExportedStatsColumns, ExportedStatsIndex, ExportedStatsStatistics, ExportedStatsV1, ExtensionPresence, FingerprintFn, FullSchema, FullSchemaColumn, FullSchemaCompositeAttribute, FullSchemaConstraint, FullSchemaExtension, FullSchemaFunction, FullSchemaIncludedColumn, FullSchemaIndex, FullSchemaKeyColumn, FullSchemaTable, FullSchemaTrigger, FullSchemaType, FullSchemaTypeConstraint, FullSchemaView, IndexAction, IndexDefinition, IndexGroup, IndexIdentifier, IndexOptimizer, IndexRecommendation, IndexToCreate, JsonbOperator, LiveQueryOptimization, Nudge, NudgeFinding, OptimizationResult, OptimizeResult, OptimizedQuery, PROCEED, Parameter, Parser, Path, PermutedIndexCandidate, PgIdentifier, Postgres, PostgresConnectionInput, PostgresExplainResult, PostgresExplainStage, PostgresExplainStageCommon, PostgresExplainStageSchema, PostgresFactory, PostgresQueryBuilder, PostgresQueryBuilderCommand, PostgresStage, PostgresStageId, PostgresTransaction, PostgresVersion, PssRewriter, QueryFinding, QueryFindingCode, QueryFindingSeverity, QueryHash, QuerySource, RecentQuery, RegressionBreach, RepoConfig, RootIndexCandidate, SKIP, SQLCommenterExtraction, SQLCommenterTag, SerializeResult, ServerApi, SortContext, StatementType, Statistics, StatisticsMode, StatisticsSource, TableMetadata, TableReference, TableStats, UnauthenticatedServerApi, aggregateIndexRecommendations, analyzeQueryFindings, buildActionPlan, combinedDumpSql, compactSelectList, deriveSentryEnvironment, dropIndex, dumpQueriesSql, dumpSchema, groupDuplicateIndexes, groupIndexesByCoverage, ignoredIdentifier, indexCovers, isIndexProbablyDroppable, isIndexSupported, normalizedFingerprint, parseNudges };
+export { ActionPlanNudgeQuery, ActionPlanQuery, ActionableStep, AffectedQueryCost, AggregatedIndexRecommendation, AnalysisResult, Analyzer, ClientApi, ColumnMetadata, CombinedExport, CompactSelectListOptions, ComputedColumnStats, ComputedReltuples, ComputedStats, ConnectionMode, CostReduction, DUMP_STATS_SQL, DatabaseDriver, DiscoveredColumnReference, DomainLabel, DuplicateIndexGroup, ExportedQuery, ExportedStats, ExportedStatsColumns, ExportedStatsIndex, ExportedStatsStatistics, ExportedStatsV1, ExtensionPresence, FingerprintFn, FullSchema, FullSchemaColumn, FullSchemaCompositeAttribute, FullSchemaConstraint, FullSchemaExtension, FullSchemaFunction, FullSchemaIncludedColumn, FullSchemaIndex, FullSchemaKeyColumn, FullSchemaTable, FullSchemaTrigger, FullSchemaType, FullSchemaTypeConstraint, FullSchemaView, IndexAction, IndexDefinition, IndexGroup, IndexIdentifier, IndexOptimizer, IndexRecommendation, IndexToCreate, JsonbOperator, LiveQueryOptimization, Nudge, NudgeFinding, OptimizationResult, OptimizeResult, OptimizedQuery, PROCEED, Parameter, Parser, Path, PermutedIndexCandidate, PgIdentifier, Postgres, PostgresConnectionInput, PostgresExplainResult, PostgresExplainStage, PostgresExplainStageCommon, PostgresExplainStageSchema, PostgresFactory, PostgresQueryBuilder, PostgresQueryBuilderCommand, PostgresStage, PostgresStageId, PostgresTransaction, PostgresVersion, PssRewriter, QueryFinding, QueryFindingCode, QueryFindingSeverity, QueryHash, QuerySource, RecentQuery, RegressionBreach, RepoConfig, RootIndexCandidate, SKIP, SQLCommenterExtraction, SQLCommenterTag, SerializeResult, ServerApi, SortContext, StatementType, Statistics, StatisticsMode, StatisticsSource, TableMetadata, TableReference, TableStats, UnauthenticatedServerApi, aggregateIndexRecommendations, analyzeQueryFindings, buildActionPlan, combinedDumpSql, compactSelectList, deriveSentryEnvironment, dropIndex, dumpQueriesSql, dumpSchema, groupDuplicateIndexes, groupIndexesByCoverage, ignoredIdentifier, indexCovers, isIndexProbablyDroppable, isIndexSupported, isTestFilePath, isTestOriginQuery, normalizedFingerprint, parseNudges };

package/dist/index.d.mts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { ColumnMetadata, ComputedColumnStats, ComputedReltuples, ComputedStats,
 import { IndexIdentifier, IndexOptimizer, IndexToCreate, OptimizeResult, PROCEED, PermutedIndexCandidate, RootIndexCandidate, SKIP } from "./optimizer/genalgo.mjs";
 import { Nudge, parseNudges } from "./sql/nudges.mjs";
 import { AnalysisResult, Analyzer, DatabaseDriver, DiscoveredColumnReference, JsonbOperator, Parser, SQLCommenterExtraction, SQLCommenterTag, SortContext, StatementType, TableReference, ignoredIdentifier } from "./sql/analyzer.mjs";
+import { isTestFilePath, isTestOriginQuery } from "./sql/test-origin.mjs";
 import { CompactSelectListOptions, compactSelectList } from "./sql/display-query.mjs";
 import { FingerprintFn, normalizedFingerprint } from "./sql/normalized-fingerprint.mjs";
 import { DuplicateIndexGroup, groupDuplicateIndexes, isIndexProbablyDroppable, isIndexSupported } from "./sql/indexes.mjs";
@@ -20,4 +21,4 @@ import { ActionPlanNudgeQuery, ActionableStep, AffectedQueryCost, CostReduction,
 import { deriveSentryEnvironment } from "./sentry.mjs";
 import { ClientApi, ConnectionMode, ExtensionPresence, IndexDefinition, RepoConfig, ServerApi, UnauthenticatedServerApi } from "./websocket-server.mjs";
 import { QueryFinding, QueryFindingCode, QueryFindingSeverity, analyzeQueryFindings } from "./findings/query-findings.mjs";
-export { ActionPlanNudgeQuery, ActionPlanQuery, ActionableStep, AffectedQueryCost, AggregatedIndexRecommendation, AnalysisResult, Analyzer, ClientApi, ColumnMetadata, CombinedExport, CompactSelectListOptions, ComputedColumnStats, ComputedReltuples, ComputedStats, ConnectionMode, CostReduction, DUMP_STATS_SQL, DatabaseDriver, DiscoveredColumnReference, DomainLabel, DuplicateIndexGroup, ExportedQuery, ExportedStats, ExportedStatsColumns, ExportedStatsIndex, ExportedStatsStatistics, ExportedStatsV1, ExtensionPresence, FingerprintFn, FullSchema, FullSchemaColumn, FullSchemaCompositeAttribute, FullSchemaConstraint, FullSchemaExtension, FullSchemaFunction, FullSchemaIncludedColumn, FullSchemaIndex, FullSchemaKeyColumn, FullSchemaTable, FullSchemaTrigger, FullSchemaType, FullSchemaTypeConstraint, FullSchemaView, IndexAction, IndexDefinition, IndexGroup, IndexIdentifier, IndexOptimizer, IndexRecommendation, IndexToCreate, JsonbOperator, LiveQueryOptimization, Nudge, NudgeFinding, OptimizationResult, OptimizeResult, OptimizedQuery, PROCEED, Parameter, Parser, Path, PermutedIndexCandidate, PgIdentifier, Postgres, PostgresConnectionInput, PostgresExplainResult, PostgresExplainStage, PostgresExplainStageCommon, PostgresExplainStageSchema, PostgresFactory, PostgresQueryBuilder, PostgresQueryBuilderCommand, PostgresStage, PostgresStageId, PostgresTransaction, PostgresVersion, PssRewriter, QueryFinding, QueryFindingCode, QueryFindingSeverity, QueryHash, QuerySource, RecentQuery, RegressionBreach, RepoConfig, RootIndexCandidate, SKIP, SQLCommenterExtraction, SQLCommenterTag, SerializeResult, ServerApi, SortContext, StatementType, Statistics, StatisticsMode, StatisticsSource, TableMetadata, TableReference, TableStats, UnauthenticatedServerApi, aggregateIndexRecommendations, analyzeQueryFindings, buildActionPlan, combinedDumpSql, compactSelectList, deriveSentryEnvironment, dropIndex, dumpQueriesSql, dumpSchema, groupDuplicateIndexes, groupIndexesByCoverage, ignoredIdentifier, indexCovers, isIndexProbablyDroppable, isIndexSupported, normalizedFingerprint, parseNudges };
+export { ActionPlanNudgeQuery, ActionPlanQuery, ActionableStep, AffectedQueryCost, AggregatedIndexRecommendation, AnalysisResult, Analyzer, ClientApi, ColumnMetadata, CombinedExport, CompactSelectListOptions, ComputedColumnStats, ComputedReltuples, ComputedStats, ConnectionMode, CostReduction, DUMP_STATS_SQL, DatabaseDriver, DiscoveredColumnReference, DomainLabel, DuplicateIndexGroup, ExportedQuery, ExportedStats, ExportedStatsColumns, ExportedStatsIndex, ExportedStatsStatistics, ExportedStatsV1, ExtensionPresence, FingerprintFn, FullSchema, FullSchemaColumn, FullSchemaCompositeAttribute, FullSchemaConstraint, FullSchemaExtension, FullSchemaFunction, FullSchemaIncludedColumn, FullSchemaIndex, FullSchemaKeyColumn, FullSchemaTable, FullSchemaTrigger, FullSchemaType, FullSchemaTypeConstraint, FullSchemaView, IndexAction, IndexDefinition, IndexGroup, IndexIdentifier, IndexOptimizer, IndexRecommendation, IndexToCreate, JsonbOperator, LiveQueryOptimization, Nudge, NudgeFinding, OptimizationResult, OptimizeResult, OptimizedQuery, PROCEED, Parameter, Parser, Path, PermutedIndexCandidate, PgIdentifier, Postgres, PostgresConnectionInput, PostgresExplainResult, PostgresExplainStage, PostgresExplainStageCommon, PostgresExplainStageSchema, PostgresFactory, PostgresQueryBuilder, PostgresQueryBuilderCommand, PostgresStage, PostgresStageId, PostgresTransaction, PostgresVersion, PssRewriter, QueryFinding, QueryFindingCode, QueryFindingSeverity, QueryHash, QuerySource, RecentQuery, RegressionBreach, RepoConfig, RootIndexCandidate, SKIP, SQLCommenterExtraction, SQLCommenterTag, SerializeResult, ServerApi, SortContext, StatementType, Statistics, StatisticsMode, StatisticsSource, TableMetadata, TableReference, TableStats, UnauthenticatedServerApi, aggregateIndexRecommendations, analyzeQueryFindings, buildActionPlan, combinedDumpSql, compactSelectList, deriveSentryEnvironment, dropIndex, dumpQueriesSql, dumpSchema, groupDuplicateIndexes, groupIndexesByCoverage, ignoredIdentifier, indexCovers, isIndexProbablyDroppable, isIndexSupported, isTestFilePath, isTestOriginQuery, normalizedFingerprint, parseNudges };

package/dist/index.mjs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { PgIdentifier } from "./sql/pg-identifier.mjs";
 import { FullSchema, FullSchemaColumn, FullSchemaCompositeAttribute, FullSchemaConstraint, FullSchemaExtension, FullSchemaFunction, FullSchemaIncludedColumn, FullSchemaIndex, FullSchemaKeyColumn, FullSchemaTable, FullSchemaTrigger, FullSchemaType, FullSchemaTypeConstraint, FullSchemaView, dumpSchema } from "./schema.mjs";
 import { parseNudges } from "./sql/nudges.mjs";
 import { Analyzer, ignoredIdentifier } from "./sql/analyzer.mjs";
+import { isTestFilePath, isTestOriginQuery } from "./sql/test-origin.mjs";
 import { PostgresExplainStageSchema, PostgresVersion, dropIndex } from "./sql/database.mjs";
 import { compactSelectList } from "./sql/display-query.mjs";
 import { normalizedFingerprint } from "./sql/normalized-fingerprint.mjs";
@@ -18,4 +19,4 @@ import { buildActionPlan } from "./action-plan/build-action-plan.mjs";
 import { deriveSentryEnvironment } from "./sentry.mjs";
 import { OptimizedQuery, RecentQuery } from "./query.mjs";
 import { analyzeQueryFindings } from "./findings/query-findings.mjs";
-export { Analyzer, CombinedExport, ComputedColumnStats, ComputedReltuples, ComputedStats, DUMP_STATS_SQL, ExportedQuery, ExportedStats, ExportedStatsColumns, ExportedStatsIndex, ExportedStatsStatistics, ExportedStatsV1, FullSchema, FullSchemaColumn, FullSchemaCompositeAttribute, FullSchemaConstraint, FullSchemaExtension, FullSchemaFunction, FullSchemaIncludedColumn, FullSchemaIndex, FullSchemaKeyColumn, FullSchemaTable, FullSchemaTrigger, FullSchemaType, FullSchemaTypeConstraint, FullSchemaView, IndexOptimizer, OptimizedQuery, PROCEED, PgIdentifier, PostgresExplainStageSchema, PostgresQueryBuilder, PostgresVersion, PssRewriter, RecentQuery, SKIP, Statistics, StatisticsMode, StatisticsSource, aggregateIndexRecommendations, analyzeQueryFindings, buildActionPlan, combinedDumpSql, compactSelectList, deriveSentryEnvironment, dropIndex, dumpQueriesSql, dumpSchema, groupDuplicateIndexes, groupIndexesByCoverage, ignoredIdentifier, indexCovers, isIndexProbablyDroppable, isIndexSupported, normalizedFingerprint, parseNudges };
+export { Analyzer, CombinedExport, ComputedColumnStats, ComputedReltuples, ComputedStats, DUMP_STATS_SQL, ExportedQuery, ExportedStats, ExportedStatsColumns, ExportedStatsIndex, ExportedStatsStatistics, ExportedStatsV1, FullSchema, FullSchemaColumn, FullSchemaCompositeAttribute, FullSchemaConstraint, FullSchemaExtension, FullSchemaFunction, FullSchemaIncludedColumn, FullSchemaIndex, FullSchemaKeyColumn, FullSchemaTable, FullSchemaTrigger, FullSchemaType, FullSchemaTypeConstraint, FullSchemaView, IndexOptimizer, OptimizedQuery, PROCEED, PgIdentifier, PostgresExplainStageSchema, PostgresQueryBuilder, PostgresVersion, PssRewriter, RecentQuery, SKIP, Statistics, StatisticsMode, StatisticsSource, aggregateIndexRecommendations, analyzeQueryFindings, buildActionPlan, combinedDumpSql, compactSelectList, deriveSentryEnvironment, dropIndex, dumpQueriesSql, dumpSchema, groupDuplicateIndexes, groupIndexesByCoverage, ignoredIdentifier, indexCovers, isIndexProbablyDroppable, isIndexSupported, isTestFilePath, isTestOriginQuery, normalizedFingerprint, parseNudges };

package/dist/sql/normalized-fingerprint.cjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"normalized-fingerprint.cjs","names":["is"],"sources":["../../src/sql/normalized-fingerprint.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import type { Node, ParseResult } from \"@pgsql/types\";\nimport { deparseSync } from \"pgsql-deparser\";\nimport { is } from \"./ast-utils.js\";\nimport { Walker } from \"./walker.js\";\n\n/**\n * A function that fingerprints a SQL string. Injected so this module stays\n * free of a fingerprint runtime dependency, mirroring how `Analyzer` accepts\n * an injected parser. In practice this is `fingerprint` from\n * `@libpg-query/parser`.\n */\nexport type FingerprintFn = (query: string) => Promise<string>;\n\ntype SelectStmt = Extract<Node, { SelectStmt: unknown }>[\"SelectStmt\"];\n\nconst SELECT_LIST_PLACEHOLDER: Node = {\n  ResTarget: {\n    val: { A_Const: { ival: { ival: 1 }, location: -1 } },\n    location: -1,\n  },\n};\n\n/**\n * A \"bare column\" target: any `ColumnRef`, including `a`, qualified `t.a`, and\n * the wildcards `*` and `t.*`. `count(*)`, `a + b`, literals, and `AS` aliases\n * are not column refs and survive normalization.\n */\nfunction isBareColumn(target: Node): boolean {\n  if (!is(target, \"ResTarget\")) return false;\n  const val = target.ResTarget.val;\n  if (!val) return false;\n  return is(val, \"ColumnRef\");\n}\n\n/**\n * Set-operation arms (`larg`/`rarg`) are inlined `SelectStmt` bodies rather\n * than wrapped `{ SelectStmt }` nodes, so `Walker.traverse` never emits them.\n * Drill into them explicitly; they can nest (`a UNION b UNION c`).\n */\nfunction normalizeSelect(select: SelectStmt): void {\n  const targetList = select.targetList;\n  if (targetList) {\n    const survivors = targetList.filter((t) => !isBareColumn(t));\n    if (survivors.length > 1) {\n      const keyed = survivors.map((t) => ({ key: deparseSync(t), t }));\n      keyed.sort((a, b) => (a.key < b.key ? -1 : a.key > b.key ? 1 : 0));\n      select.targetList = keyed.map((k) => k.t);\n    } else {\n      select.targetList = survivors.length ? survivors : [SELECT_LIST_PLACEHOLDER];\n    }\n  }\n  if (select.larg) normalizeSelect(select.larg);\n  if (select.rarg) normalizeSelect(select.rarg);\n}\n\n/**\n * Fingerprint a query while normalizing every SELECT target list in the tree\n * so that the presence and order of bare column references don't affect the\n * result. Applies to the top-level SELECT as well as SELECTs nested in CTEs,\n * subqueries, and set-operation arms. A change to the set of\n * aggregates/expressions, the WHERE, the FROM, etc. still moves it.\n *\n * Takes the already-parsed AST and an injected {@link FingerprintFn} so core\n * needs no parser or fingerprint runtime. The AST is cloned before mutation.\n */\nexport async function normalizedFingerprint(\n  ast: ParseResult,\n  fingerprint: FingerprintFn,\n): Promise<string> {\n  const cloned: ParseResult = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(ast));\n\n  for (const raw of cloned.stmts ?? []) {\n    if (!raw.stmt) continue;\n    Walker.traverse(raw.stmt, (node) => {\n      if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\")) {\n        normalizeSelect(node.SelectStmt);\n      }\n    });\n  }\n\n  return fingerprint(deparseSync(cloned));\n}\n"],"mappings":";;;;;;AAeA,MAAM,0BAAgC,EACpC,WAAW;CACT,KAAK,EAAE,SAAS;EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG;EAAE,UAAU;EAAI,EAAE;CACrD,UAAU;CACX,EACF;;;;;;AAOD,SAAS,aAAa,QAAuB;AAC3C,KAAI,CAACA,kBAAAA,GAAG,QAAQ,YAAY,CAAE,QAAO;CACrC,MAAM,MAAM,OAAO,UAAU;AAC7B,KAAI,CAAC,IAAK,QAAO;AACjB,QAAOA,kBAAAA,GAAG,KAAK,YAAY;;;;;;;AAQ7B,SAAS,gBAAgB,QAA0B;CACjD,MAAM,aAAa,OAAO;AAC1B,KAAI,YAAY;EACd,MAAM,YAAY,WAAW,QAAQ,MAAM,CAAC,aAAa,EAAE,CAAC;AAC5D,MAAI,UAAU,SAAS,GAAG;GACxB,MAAM,QAAQ,UAAU,KAAK,OAAO;IAAE,MAAA,GAAA,eAAA,aAAiB,EAAE;IAAE;IAAG,EAAE;AAChE,SAAM,MAAM,GAAG,MAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,IAAI,EAAG;AAClE,UAAO,aAAa,MAAM,KAAK,MAAM,EAAE,EAAE;QAEzC,QAAO,aAAa,UAAU,SAAS,YAAY,CAAC,wBAAwB;;AAGhF,KAAI,OAAO,KAAM,iBAAgB,OAAO,KAAK;AAC7C,KAAI,OAAO,KAAM,iBAAgB,OAAO,KAAK;;;;;;;;;;;;AAa/C,eAAsB,sBACpB,KACA,aACiB;CACjB,MAAM,SAAsB,KAAK,MAAM,KAAK,UAAU,IAAI,CAAC;AAE3D,MAAK,MAAM,OAAO,OAAO,SAAS,EAAE,EAAE;AACpC,MAAI,CAAC,IAAI,KAAM;AACf,iBAAA,OAAO,SAAS,IAAI,OAAO,SAAS;AAClC,OAAIA,kBAAAA,GAAG,MAAM,aAAa,CACxB,iBAAgB,KAAK,WAAW;IAElC;;AAGJ,QAAO,aAAA,GAAA,eAAA,aAAwB,OAAO,CAAC"}
+{"version":3,"file":"normalized-fingerprint.cjs","names":["is"],"sources":["../../src/sql/normalized-fingerprint.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import type { Node, ParseResult } from \"@pgsql/types\";\nimport { deparseSync } from \"pgsql-deparser\";\nimport { is } from \"./ast-utils.js\";\nimport { Walker } from \"./walker.js\";\n\n/**\n * A function that fingerprints a SQL string. Injected so this module stays\n * free of a fingerprint runtime dependency, mirroring how `Analyzer` accepts\n * an injected parser. In practice this is `fingerprint` from\n * `@libpg-query/parser`.\n */\nexport type FingerprintFn = (query: string) => Promise<string>;\n\ntype SelectStmt = Extract<Node, { SelectStmt: unknown }>[\"SelectStmt\"];\n\nconst SELECT_LIST_PLACEHOLDER: Node = {\n  ResTarget: {\n    val: { A_Const: { ival: { ival: 1 }, location: -1 } },\n    location: -1,\n  },\n};\n\n/**\n * A \"bare column\" target: any `ColumnRef`, including `a`, qualified `t.a`, and\n * the wildcards `*` and `t.*`. `count(*)`, `a + b`, literals, and `AS` aliases\n * are not column refs and survive normalization.\n */\nfunction isBareColumn(target: Node): boolean {\n  if (!is(target, \"ResTarget\")) return false;\n  const val = target.ResTarget.val;\n  if (!val) return false;\n  return is(val, \"ColumnRef\");\n}\n\n/**\n * Set-operation arms (`larg`/`rarg`) are inlined `SelectStmt` bodies rather\n * than wrapped `{ SelectStmt }` nodes, so `Walker.traverse` never emits them.\n * Drill into them explicitly; they can nest (`a UNION b UNION c`).\n */\nfunction normalizeSelect(select: SelectStmt): void {\n  const targetList = select.targetList;\n  if (targetList) {\n    const survivors = targetList.filter((t) => !isBareColumn(t));\n    if (survivors.length > 1) {\n      const keyed = survivors.map((t) => ({ key: deparseSync(t), t }));\n      keyed.sort((a, b) => (a.key < b.key ? -1 : a.key > b.key ? 1 : 0));\n      select.targetList = keyed.map((k) => k.t);\n    } else {\n      select.targetList = survivors.length\n        ? survivors\n        : [SELECT_LIST_PLACEHOLDER];\n    }\n  }\n  if (select.larg) normalizeSelect(select.larg);\n  if (select.rarg) normalizeSelect(select.rarg);\n}\n\n/**\n * Fingerprint a query while normalizing every SELECT target list in the tree\n * so that the presence and order of bare column references don't affect the\n * result. Applies to the top-level SELECT as well as SELECTs nested in CTEs,\n * subqueries, and set-operation arms. A change to the set of\n * aggregates/expressions, the WHERE, the FROM, etc. still moves it.\n *\n * Takes the already-parsed AST and an injected {@link FingerprintFn} so core\n * needs no parser or fingerprint runtime. The AST is cloned before mutation.\n */\nexport async function normalizedFingerprint(\n  ast: ParseResult,\n  fingerprint: FingerprintFn,\n): Promise<string> {\n  const cloned: ParseResult = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(ast));\n\n  for (const raw of cloned.stmts ?? []) {\n    if (!raw.stmt) continue;\n    Walker.traverse(raw.stmt, (node) => {\n      if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\")) {\n        normalizeSelect(node.SelectStmt);\n      }\n    });\n  }\n\n  return fingerprint(deparseSync(cloned));\n}\n"],"mappings":";;;;;;AAeA,MAAM,0BAAgC,EACpC,WAAW;CACT,KAAK,EAAE,SAAS;EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG;EAAE,UAAU;EAAI,EAAE;CACrD,UAAU;CACX,EACF;;;;;;AAOD,SAAS,aAAa,QAAuB;AAC3C,KAAI,CAACA,kBAAAA,GAAG,QAAQ,YAAY,CAAE,QAAO;CACrC,MAAM,MAAM,OAAO,UAAU;AAC7B,KAAI,CAAC,IAAK,QAAO;AACjB,QAAOA,kBAAAA,GAAG,KAAK,YAAY;;;;;;;AAQ7B,SAAS,gBAAgB,QAA0B;CACjD,MAAM,aAAa,OAAO;AAC1B,KAAI,YAAY;EACd,MAAM,YAAY,WAAW,QAAQ,MAAM,CAAC,aAAa,EAAE,CAAC;AAC5D,MAAI,UAAU,SAAS,GAAG;GACxB,MAAM,QAAQ,UAAU,KAAK,OAAO;IAAE,MAAA,GAAA,eAAA,aAAiB,EAAE;IAAE;IAAG,EAAE;AAChE,SAAM,MAAM,GAAG,MAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,IAAI,EAAG;AAClE,UAAO,aAAa,MAAM,KAAK,MAAM,EAAE,EAAE;QAEzC,QAAO,aAAa,UAAU,SAC1B,YACA,CAAC,wBAAwB;;AAGjC,KAAI,OAAO,KAAM,iBAAgB,OAAO,KAAK;AAC7C,KAAI,OAAO,KAAM,iBAAgB,OAAO,KAAK;;;;;;;;;;;;AAa/C,eAAsB,sBACpB,KACA,aACiB;CACjB,MAAM,SAAsB,KAAK,MAAM,KAAK,UAAU,IAAI,CAAC;AAE3D,MAAK,MAAM,OAAO,OAAO,SAAS,EAAE,EAAE;AACpC,MAAI,CAAC,IAAI,KAAM;AACf,iBAAA,OAAO,SAAS,IAAI,OAAO,SAAS;AAClC,OAAIA,kBAAAA,GAAG,MAAM,aAAa,CACxB,iBAAgB,KAAK,WAAW;IAElC;;AAGJ,QAAO,aAAA,GAAA,eAAA,aAAwB,OAAO,CAAC"}

package/dist/sql/normalized-fingerprint.d.cts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"normalized-fingerprint.d.cts","names":[],"sources":["../../src/sql/normalized-fingerprint.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;AAWA;;;KAAY,aAAA,IAAiB,KAAA,aAAkB,OAAA;;AAsD/C;;;;;;;;;iBAAsB,qBAAA,CACpB,GAAA,EAAK,WAAA,EACL,WAAA,EAAa,aAAA,GACZ,OAAA"}
+{"version":3,"file":"normalized-fingerprint.d.cts","names":[],"sources":["../../src/sql/normalized-fingerprint.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;AAWA;;;KAAY,aAAA,IAAiB,KAAA,aAAkB,OAAA;;AAwD/C;;;;;;;;;iBAAsB,qBAAA,CACpB,GAAA,EAAK,WAAA,EACL,WAAA,EAAa,aAAA,GACZ,OAAA"}

package/dist/sql/normalized-fingerprint.d.mts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"normalized-fingerprint.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../src/sql/normalized-fingerprint.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;AAWA;;;KAAY,aAAA,IAAiB,KAAA,aAAkB,OAAA;;AAsD/C;;;;;;;;;iBAAsB,qBAAA,CACpB,GAAA,EAAK,WAAA,EACL,WAAA,EAAa,aAAA,GACZ,OAAA"}
+{"version":3,"file":"normalized-fingerprint.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../src/sql/normalized-fingerprint.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;AAWA;;;KAAY,aAAA,IAAiB,KAAA,aAAkB,OAAA;;AAwD/C;;;;;;;;;iBAAsB,qBAAA,CACpB,GAAA,EAAK,WAAA,EACL,WAAA,EAAa,aAAA,GACZ,OAAA"}

package/dist/sql/normalized-fingerprint.mjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"normalized-fingerprint.mjs","names":[],"sources":["../../src/sql/normalized-fingerprint.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import type { Node, ParseResult } from \"@pgsql/types\";\nimport { deparseSync } from \"pgsql-deparser\";\nimport { is } from \"./ast-utils.js\";\nimport { Walker } from \"./walker.js\";\n\n/**\n * A function that fingerprints a SQL string. Injected so this module stays\n * free of a fingerprint runtime dependency, mirroring how `Analyzer` accepts\n * an injected parser. In practice this is `fingerprint` from\n * `@libpg-query/parser`.\n */\nexport type FingerprintFn = (query: string) => Promise<string>;\n\ntype SelectStmt = Extract<Node, { SelectStmt: unknown }>[\"SelectStmt\"];\n\nconst SELECT_LIST_PLACEHOLDER: Node = {\n  ResTarget: {\n    val: { A_Const: { ival: { ival: 1 }, location: -1 } },\n    location: -1,\n  },\n};\n\n/**\n * A \"bare column\" target: any `ColumnRef`, including `a`, qualified `t.a`, and\n * the wildcards `*` and `t.*`. `count(*)`, `a + b`, literals, and `AS` aliases\n * are not column refs and survive normalization.\n */\nfunction isBareColumn(target: Node): boolean {\n  if (!is(target, \"ResTarget\")) return false;\n  const val = target.ResTarget.val;\n  if (!val) return false;\n  return is(val, \"ColumnRef\");\n}\n\n/**\n * Set-operation arms (`larg`/`rarg`) are inlined `SelectStmt` bodies rather\n * than wrapped `{ SelectStmt }` nodes, so `Walker.traverse` never emits them.\n * Drill into them explicitly; they can nest (`a UNION b UNION c`).\n */\nfunction normalizeSelect(select: SelectStmt): void {\n  const targetList = select.targetList;\n  if (targetList) {\n    const survivors = targetList.filter((t) => !isBareColumn(t));\n    if (survivors.length > 1) {\n      const keyed = survivors.map((t) => ({ key: deparseSync(t), t }));\n      keyed.sort((a, b) => (a.key < b.key ? -1 : a.key > b.key ? 1 : 0));\n      select.targetList = keyed.map((k) => k.t);\n    } else {\n      select.targetList = survivors.length ? survivors : [SELECT_LIST_PLACEHOLDER];\n    }\n  }\n  if (select.larg) normalizeSelect(select.larg);\n  if (select.rarg) normalizeSelect(select.rarg);\n}\n\n/**\n * Fingerprint a query while normalizing every SELECT target list in the tree\n * so that the presence and order of bare column references don't affect the\n * result. Applies to the top-level SELECT as well as SELECTs nested in CTEs,\n * subqueries, and set-operation arms. A change to the set of\n * aggregates/expressions, the WHERE, the FROM, etc. still moves it.\n *\n * Takes the already-parsed AST and an injected {@link FingerprintFn} so core\n * needs no parser or fingerprint runtime. The AST is cloned before mutation.\n */\nexport async function normalizedFingerprint(\n  ast: ParseResult,\n  fingerprint: FingerprintFn,\n): Promise<string> {\n  const cloned: ParseResult = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(ast));\n\n  for (const raw of cloned.stmts ?? []) {\n    if (!raw.stmt) continue;\n    Walker.traverse(raw.stmt, (node) => {\n      if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\")) {\n        normalizeSelect(node.SelectStmt);\n      }\n    });\n  }\n\n  return fingerprint(deparseSync(cloned));\n}\n"],"mappings":";;;;;AAeA,MAAM,0BAAgC,EACpC,WAAW;CACT,KAAK,EAAE,SAAS;EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG;EAAE,UAAU;EAAI,EAAE;CACrD,UAAU;CACX,EACF;;;;;;AAOD,SAAS,aAAa,QAAuB;AAC3C,KAAI,CAAC,GAAG,QAAQ,YAAY,CAAE,QAAO;CACrC,MAAM,MAAM,OAAO,UAAU;AAC7B,KAAI,CAAC,IAAK,QAAO;AACjB,QAAO,GAAG,KAAK,YAAY;;;;;;;AAQ7B,SAAS,gBAAgB,QAA0B;CACjD,MAAM,aAAa,OAAO;AAC1B,KAAI,YAAY;EACd,MAAM,YAAY,WAAW,QAAQ,MAAM,CAAC,aAAa,EAAE,CAAC;AAC5D,MAAI,UAAU,SAAS,GAAG;GACxB,MAAM,QAAQ,UAAU,KAAK,OAAO;IAAE,KAAK,YAAY,EAAE;IAAE;IAAG,EAAE;AAChE,SAAM,MAAM,GAAG,MAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,IAAI,EAAG;AAClE,UAAO,aAAa,MAAM,KAAK,MAAM,EAAE,EAAE;QAEzC,QAAO,aAAa,UAAU,SAAS,YAAY,CAAC,wBAAwB;;AAGhF,KAAI,OAAO,KAAM,iBAAgB,OAAO,KAAK;AAC7C,KAAI,OAAO,KAAM,iBAAgB,OAAO,KAAK;;;;;;;;;;;;AAa/C,eAAsB,sBACpB,KACA,aACiB;CACjB,MAAM,SAAsB,KAAK,MAAM,KAAK,UAAU,IAAI,CAAC;AAE3D,MAAK,MAAM,OAAO,OAAO,SAAS,EAAE,EAAE;AACpC,MAAI,CAAC,IAAI,KAAM;AACf,SAAO,SAAS,IAAI,OAAO,SAAS;AAClC,OAAI,GAAG,MAAM,aAAa,CACxB,iBAAgB,KAAK,WAAW;IAElC;;AAGJ,QAAO,YAAY,YAAY,OAAO,CAAC"}
+{"version":3,"file":"normalized-fingerprint.mjs","names":[],"sources":["../../src/sql/normalized-fingerprint.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import type { Node, ParseResult } from \"@pgsql/types\";\nimport { deparseSync } from \"pgsql-deparser\";\nimport { is } from \"./ast-utils.js\";\nimport { Walker } from \"./walker.js\";\n\n/**\n * A function that fingerprints a SQL string. Injected so this module stays\n * free of a fingerprint runtime dependency, mirroring how `Analyzer` accepts\n * an injected parser. In practice this is `fingerprint` from\n * `@libpg-query/parser`.\n */\nexport type FingerprintFn = (query: string) => Promise<string>;\n\ntype SelectStmt = Extract<Node, { SelectStmt: unknown }>[\"SelectStmt\"];\n\nconst SELECT_LIST_PLACEHOLDER: Node = {\n  ResTarget: {\n    val: { A_Const: { ival: { ival: 1 }, location: -1 } },\n    location: -1,\n  },\n};\n\n/**\n * A \"bare column\" target: any `ColumnRef`, including `a`, qualified `t.a`, and\n * the wildcards `*` and `t.*`. `count(*)`, `a + b`, literals, and `AS` aliases\n * are not column refs and survive normalization.\n */\nfunction isBareColumn(target: Node): boolean {\n  if (!is(target, \"ResTarget\")) return false;\n  const val = target.ResTarget.val;\n  if (!val) return false;\n  return is(val, \"ColumnRef\");\n}\n\n/**\n * Set-operation arms (`larg`/`rarg`) are inlined `SelectStmt` bodies rather\n * than wrapped `{ SelectStmt }` nodes, so `Walker.traverse` never emits them.\n * Drill into them explicitly; they can nest (`a UNION b UNION c`).\n */\nfunction normalizeSelect(select: SelectStmt): void {\n  const targetList = select.targetList;\n  if (targetList) {\n    const survivors = targetList.filter((t) => !isBareColumn(t));\n    if (survivors.length > 1) {\n      const keyed = survivors.map((t) => ({ key: deparseSync(t), t }));\n      keyed.sort((a, b) => (a.key < b.key ? -1 : a.key > b.key ? 1 : 0));\n      select.targetList = keyed.map((k) => k.t);\n    } else {\n      select.targetList = survivors.length\n        ? survivors\n        : [SELECT_LIST_PLACEHOLDER];\n    }\n  }\n  if (select.larg) normalizeSelect(select.larg);\n  if (select.rarg) normalizeSelect(select.rarg);\n}\n\n/**\n * Fingerprint a query while normalizing every SELECT target list in the tree\n * so that the presence and order of bare column references don't affect the\n * result. Applies to the top-level SELECT as well as SELECTs nested in CTEs,\n * subqueries, and set-operation arms. A change to the set of\n * aggregates/expressions, the WHERE, the FROM, etc. still moves it.\n *\n * Takes the already-parsed AST and an injected {@link FingerprintFn} so core\n * needs no parser or fingerprint runtime. The AST is cloned before mutation.\n */\nexport async function normalizedFingerprint(\n  ast: ParseResult,\n  fingerprint: FingerprintFn,\n): Promise<string> {\n  const cloned: ParseResult = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(ast));\n\n  for (const raw of cloned.stmts ?? []) {\n    if (!raw.stmt) continue;\n    Walker.traverse(raw.stmt, (node) => {\n      if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\")) {\n        normalizeSelect(node.SelectStmt);\n      }\n    });\n  }\n\n  return fingerprint(deparseSync(cloned));\n}\n"],"mappings":";;;;;AAeA,MAAM,0BAAgC,EACpC,WAAW;CACT,KAAK,EAAE,SAAS;EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG;EAAE,UAAU;EAAI,EAAE;CACrD,UAAU;CACX,EACF;;;;;;AAOD,SAAS,aAAa,QAAuB;AAC3C,KAAI,CAAC,GAAG,QAAQ,YAAY,CAAE,QAAO;CACrC,MAAM,MAAM,OAAO,UAAU;AAC7B,KAAI,CAAC,IAAK,QAAO;AACjB,QAAO,GAAG,KAAK,YAAY;;;;;;;AAQ7B,SAAS,gBAAgB,QAA0B;CACjD,MAAM,aAAa,OAAO;AAC1B,KAAI,YAAY;EACd,MAAM,YAAY,WAAW,QAAQ,MAAM,CAAC,aAAa,EAAE,CAAC;AAC5D,MAAI,UAAU,SAAS,GAAG;GACxB,MAAM,QAAQ,UAAU,KAAK,OAAO;IAAE,KAAK,YAAY,EAAE;IAAE;IAAG,EAAE;AAChE,SAAM,MAAM,GAAG,MAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,IAAI,EAAG;AAClE,UAAO,aAAa,MAAM,KAAK,MAAM,EAAE,EAAE;QAEzC,QAAO,aAAa,UAAU,SAC1B,YACA,CAAC,wBAAwB;;AAGjC,KAAI,OAAO,KAAM,iBAAgB,OAAO,KAAK;AAC7C,KAAI,OAAO,KAAM,iBAAgB,OAAO,KAAK;;;;;;;;;;;;AAa/C,eAAsB,sBACpB,KACA,aACiB;CACjB,MAAM,SAAsB,KAAK,MAAM,KAAK,UAAU,IAAI,CAAC;AAE3D,MAAK,MAAM,OAAO,OAAO,SAAS,EAAE,EAAE;AACpC,MAAI,CAAC,IAAI,KAAM;AACf,SAAO,SAAS,IAAI,OAAO,SAAS;AAClC,OAAI,GAAG,MAAM,aAAa,CACxB,iBAAgB,KAAK,WAAW;IAElC;;AAGJ,QAAO,YAAY,YAAY,OAAO,CAAC"}

package/dist/sql/nudges.cjs

@@ -74,7 +74,8 @@ function parseNudges(node, stack) {
 						message: "Missing WHERE clause",
 						location: fromLocation
 					});
-					if (!node.SelectStmt.limitCount) nudges.push({
+					const isBareAggregate = !node.SelectStmt.groupClause?.length && containsAggregate(node.SelectStmt.targetList, true);
+					if (!node.SelectStmt.limitCount && !isBareAggregate) nudges.push({
 						kind: "MISSING_LIMIT_CLAUSE",
 						severity: "INFO",
 						message: "Missing LIMIT clause",
@@ -350,17 +351,18 @@ const AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS = new Set([
 	"bool_or",
 	"every"
 ]);
-function containsAggregate(node) {
+function containsAggregate(node, skipSubqueries = false) {
 	if (!node || typeof node !== "object") return false;
-	if (Array.isArray(node)) return node.some(containsAggregate);
+	if (Array.isArray(node)) return node.some((child) => containsAggregate(child, skipSubqueries));
+	if (skipSubqueries && require_ast_utils.isANode(node) && require_ast_utils.is(node, "SubLink")) return false;
 	if (require_ast_utils.isANode(node) && require_ast_utils.is(node, "FuncCall")) {
 		const funcname = node.FuncCall.funcname;
 		if (funcname) {
 			for (const f of funcname) if (require_ast_utils.isANode(f) && require_ast_utils.is(f, "String") && AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS.has(f.String.sval?.toLowerCase() ?? "")) return true;
 		}
 	}
-	if (require_ast_utils.isANode(node)) return containsAggregate(node[Object.keys(node)[0]]);
-	for (const child of Object.values(node)) if (containsAggregate(child)) return true;
+	if (require_ast_utils.isANode(node)) return containsAggregate(node[Object.keys(node)[0]], skipSubqueries);
+	for (const child of Object.values(node)) if (containsAggregate(child, skipSubqueries)) return true;
 	return false;
 }
 function countBoolOrConditions(node) {

package/dist/sql/nudges.cjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"nudges.cjs","names":["is","isANode"],"sources":["../../src/sql/nudges.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import type { A_Const, List, Node, ResTarget } from \"@pgsql/types\";\nimport { is, isANode, type KeysOfUnion } from \"./ast-utils.js\";\nimport { Walker } from \"./walker.js\";\n\ntype NudgeKind =\n  | \"LARGE_IMPROVEMENT_FOUND\"\n  | \"SMALL_IMPROVEMENT_FOUND\"\n  | \"AVOID_SELECT_STAR\"\n  | \"AVOID_FUNCTIONS_ON_COLUMNS_IN_WHERE\"\n  | \"MISSING_WHERE_CLAUSE\"\n  | \"MISSING_LIMIT_CLAUSE\"\n  | \"USE_IS_NULL_NOT_EQUALS\"\n  | \"AVOID_DISTINCT_WITHOUT_REASON\"\n  | \"MISSING_JOIN_CONDITION\"\n  | \"AVOID_LEADING_WILDCARD_LIKE\"\n  | \"CONSIDER_IN_INSTEAD_OF_MANY_ORS\"\n  | \"REPLACE_LARGE_IN_TUPLE_WITH_ANY_ARRAY\"\n  | \"PREFER_NOT_EXISTS_OVER_NOT_IN\"\n  | \"AVOID_ORDER_BY_RANDOM\"\n  | \"PREFER_FILTER_OVER_CASE_IN_AGGREGATE\"\n  | \"PREFER_UNION_ALL_OVER_UNION\"\n  | \"NULLS_FIRST_IN_DESC_ORDER\"\n  | \"AVOID_SCALAR_SUBQUERY_IN_SELECT\"\n  | \"USE_EXISTS_NOT_COUNT_FOR_EXISTENCE_CHECK\"\n  | \"PREFER_COUNT_STAR_OVER_COUNT_COLUMN\"\n  | \"PREFER_WHERE_OVER_HAVING_FOR_NON_AGGREGATES\"\n  | \"CONSIDER_JSONB_CONTAINMENT_OPERATOR\"\n  | \"LIMIT_WITHOUT_ORDER_BY\";\n\nexport type Nudge = {\n  kind: NudgeKind;\n  severity: \"CRITICAL\" | \"WARNING\" | \"INFO\";\n  message: string;\n  location?: number;\n};\n\ntype NudgeCreator = (node: Node) => Nudge[];\n\nconst findFuncCallsOnColumns: NudgeCreator = (whereClause) => {\n  const nudges: Nudge[] = [];\n  Walker.shallowMatch(whereClause, \"FuncCall\", (node) => {\n    if (node.FuncCall.args && containsColumnRef(node.FuncCall.args)) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"AVOID_FUNCTIONS_ON_COLUMNS_IN_WHERE\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message:\n          \"Avoid using functions on columns in conditions — prevents index usage\",\n        location: node.FuncCall.location,\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  Walker.shallowMatch(whereClause, \"CoalesceExpr\", (node) => {\n    if (node.CoalesceExpr.args && containsColumnRef(node.CoalesceExpr.args)) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"AVOID_FUNCTIONS_ON_COLUMNS_IN_WHERE\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message:\n          \"Avoid using functions on columns in conditions — prevents index usage\",\n        location: node.CoalesceExpr.location,\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  Walker.shallowMatch(whereClause, \"TypeCast\", (node) => {\n    if (node.TypeCast.arg && hasColumnRefInNode(node.TypeCast.arg)) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"AVOID_FUNCTIONS_ON_COLUMNS_IN_WHERE\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message: \"Avoid using functions on columns in WHERE clause\",\n        location: node.TypeCast.location,\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  return nudges;\n};\n\n/**\n * Detect nudges for a single node during AST traversal.\n * Returns an array of nudges found for this node.\n */\nexport function parseNudges(\n  node: Node,\n  stack: (KeysOfUnion<Node> | string)[],\n): Nudge[] {\n  const nudges: Nudge[] = [];\n\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\")) {\n    if (node.SelectStmt.whereClause) {\n      nudges.push(...findFuncCallsOnColumns(node.SelectStmt.whereClause));\n    }\n    const star = node.SelectStmt.targetList?.find(\n      (target): target is { ResTarget: ResTarget } => {\n        if (\n          !(\n            is(target, \"ResTarget\") &&\n            target.ResTarget.val &&\n            is(target.ResTarget.val, \"ColumnRef\")\n          )\n        ) {\n          return false;\n        }\n        const fields = target.ResTarget.val.ColumnRef.fields;\n        if (!fields?.some((field) => is(field, \"A_Star\"))) {\n          return false;\n        }\n        // Qualified star (e.g. users.*) is deliberate — skip\n        if (fields.length > 1) {\n          return false;\n        }\n        return true;\n      },\n    );\n    if (star) {\n      // Skip when all FROM items are subqueries — the outer * just\n      // passes through whatever the subquery already selected.\n      const fromClause = node.SelectStmt.fromClause;\n      const allSubselects =\n        fromClause &&\n        fromClause.length > 0 &&\n        fromClause.every((item) => is(item, \"RangeSubselect\"));\n\n      if (!allSubselects) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_SELECT_STAR\",\n          severity: \"INFO\",\n          message: \"Avoid using SELECT *\",\n          location: star.ResTarget.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Detect correlated scalar subqueries in SELECT (N+1 problem)\n    for (const target of node.SelectStmt.targetList ?? []) {\n      if (\n        is(target, \"ResTarget\") &&\n        target.ResTarget.val &&\n        is(target.ResTarget.val, \"SubLink\") &&\n        target.ResTarget.val.SubLink.subLinkType === \"EXPR_SUBLINK\"\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_SCALAR_SUBQUERY_IN_SELECT\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message:\n            \"Avoid correlated scalar subqueries in SELECT; consider rewriting as a JOIN\",\n          location: target.ResTarget.val.SubLink.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect unbounded queries (missing WHERE or LIMIT on table queries)\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\")) {\n    // Only check top-level SELECT statements (not subqueries)\n    const isSubquery = stack.some(\n      (item) =>\n        item === \"RangeSubselect\" ||\n        item === \"SubLink\" ||\n        item === \"CommonTableExpr\",\n    );\n\n    if (!isSubquery) {\n      const hasFromClause =\n        node.SelectStmt.fromClause && node.SelectStmt.fromClause.length > 0;\n      if (hasFromClause) {\n        // Check if this SELECT queries actual tables (not just subqueries or CTEs)\n        const hasActualTables = node.SelectStmt.fromClause!.some((fromItem) => {\n          return (\n            is(fromItem, \"RangeVar\") ||\n            (is(fromItem, \"JoinExpr\") && hasActualTablesInJoin(fromItem))\n          );\n        });\n\n        if (hasActualTables) {\n          const firstTable = node.SelectStmt.fromClause!.find((item) =>\n            is(item, \"RangeVar\"),\n          );\n          const fromLocation = firstTable?.RangeVar.location;\n\n          if (!node.SelectStmt.whereClause) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"MISSING_WHERE_CLAUSE\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message: \"Missing WHERE clause\",\n              location: fromLocation,\n            });\n          }\n\n          if (!node.SelectStmt.limitCount) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"MISSING_LIMIT_CLAUSE\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message: \"Missing LIMIT clause\",\n              location: fromLocation,\n            });\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect LIMIT without ORDER BY (non-deterministic results)\n  // LIMIT ALL parses as limitCount with A_Const.isnull — exclude it\n  if (\n    is(node, \"SelectStmt\") &&\n    node.SelectStmt.limitCount &&\n    !isNullConstant(node.SelectStmt.limitCount) &&\n    !node.SelectStmt.sortClause\n  ) {\n    nudges.push({\n      kind: \"LIMIT_WITHOUT_ORDER_BY\",\n      severity: \"WARNING\",\n      message:\n        \"LIMIT without ORDER BY returns non-deterministic results — add ORDER BY for predictable output\",\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Detect ORDER BY DESC without explicit NULLS LAST (NULLs sort first by default)\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n    for (const sortItem of node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n      if (!is(sortItem, \"SortBy\")) continue;\n\n      const sortDir = sortItem.SortBy.sortby_dir ?? \"SORTBY_DEFAULT\";\n      const sortNulls = sortItem.SortBy.sortby_nulls ?? \"SORTBY_NULLS_DEFAULT\";\n\n      if (sortDir === \"SORTBY_DESC\" && sortNulls === \"SORTBY_NULLS_DEFAULT\") {\n        if (sortItem.SortBy.node && is(sortItem.SortBy.node, \"ColumnRef\")) {\n          const sortColumnName = getLastColumnRefField(sortItem.SortBy.node);\n\n          const hasIsNotNull =\n            sortColumnName !== null &&\n            whereHasIsNotNull(node.SelectStmt.whereClause, sortColumnName);\n\n          if (!hasIsNotNull) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"NULLS_FIRST_IN_DESC_ORDER\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message:\n                \"ORDER BY … DESC sorts NULLs first — add NULLS LAST to push them to the end\",\n              location: sortItem.SortBy.node.ColumnRef.location,\n            });\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect NULL comparison issues (= NULL instead of IS NULL)\n  if (is(node, \"A_Expr\")) {\n    const isEqualityOp =\n      node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_OP\" &&\n      node.A_Expr.name &&\n      node.A_Expr.name.length > 0 &&\n      is(node.A_Expr.name[0], \"String\") &&\n      (node.A_Expr.name[0].String.sval === \"=\" ||\n        node.A_Expr.name[0].String.sval === \"!=\" ||\n        node.A_Expr.name[0].String.sval === \"<>\");\n\n    if (isEqualityOp) {\n      const leftIsNull = isNullConstant(node.A_Expr.lexpr);\n      const rightIsNull = isNullConstant(node.A_Expr.rexpr);\n\n      if (leftIsNull || rightIsNull) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"USE_IS_NULL_NOT_EQUALS\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Use IS NULL instead of = or != or <> for NULL comparisons\",\n          location: node.A_Expr.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Detect LIKE with leading wildcards\n    const isLikeOp =\n      node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_LIKE\" || node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_ILIKE\";\n\n    if (isLikeOp && node.A_Expr.rexpr) {\n      const patternString = getStringConstantValue(node.A_Expr.rexpr);\n      if (patternString && patternString.startsWith(\"%\")) {\n        let stringNode: A_Const | undefined;\n        if (is(node.A_Expr.rexpr, \"A_Const\")) {\n          stringNode = node.A_Expr.rexpr.A_Const;\n        }\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_LEADING_WILDCARD_LIKE\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message:\n            \"Leading wildcard in LIKE/ILIKE prevents index usage — consider a GIN trigram index (pg_trgm) or full-text search\",\n          location: stringNode?.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect ORDER BY random()\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n    for (const sortItem of node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n      if (\n        is(sortItem, \"SortBy\") &&\n        sortItem.SortBy.node &&\n        is(sortItem.SortBy.node, \"FuncCall\") &&\n        sortItem.SortBy.node.FuncCall.funcname?.some(\n          (name) => is(name, \"String\") && name.String.sval === \"random\",\n        )\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_ORDER_BY_RANDOM\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Avoid using ORDER BY random()\",\n          location: sortItem.SortBy.node.FuncCall.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect DISTINCT usage\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.distinctClause) {\n    nudges.push({\n      kind: \"AVOID_DISTINCT_WITHOUT_REASON\",\n      severity: \"WARNING\",\n      message: \"Avoid using DISTINCT without a reason\",\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Detect cartesian joins (missing JOIN conditions) and functions on columns in ON\n  if (is(node, \"JoinExpr\")) {\n    if (node.JoinExpr.quals) {\n      nudges.push(...findFuncCallsOnColumns(node.JoinExpr.quals));\n    } else if (!node.JoinExpr.usingClause) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"MISSING_JOIN_CONDITION\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message: \"Missing JOIN condition\",\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect multiple tables in FROM without explicit JOINs (old-style cartesian joins)\n  if (\n    is(node, \"SelectStmt\") &&\n    node.SelectStmt.fromClause &&\n    node.SelectStmt.fromClause.length > 1\n  ) {\n    // Check if there are multiple RangeVar (tables) directly in FROM clause\n    const tables = node.SelectStmt.fromClause.filter((item) =>\n      is(item, \"RangeVar\"),\n    );\n    if (tables.length > 1) {\n      // Collect table aliases/names for cross-table equality check\n      const tableNames = new Set(\n        tables.map(\n          (t) => t.RangeVar.alias?.aliasname || t.RangeVar.relname || \"\",\n        ),\n      );\n\n      // Don't fire if WHERE already has a cross-table equality (old-style implicit join)\n      if (\n        !whereHasCrossTableEquality(node.SelectStmt.whereClause, tableNames)\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"MISSING_JOIN_CONDITION\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Missing JOIN condition\",\n          location: tables[1].RangeVar.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect too many OR conditions on the same column\n  if (is(node, \"BoolExpr\") && node.BoolExpr.boolop === \"OR_EXPR\") {\n    const orCount = countBoolOrConditions(node);\n    if (orCount >= 3 && allOrBranchesReferenceSameColumn(node)) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"CONSIDER_IN_INSTEAD_OF_MANY_ORS\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message: \"Consider using IN instead of many ORs\",\n        location: node.BoolExpr.location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect NOT IN (SELECT ...) — prefer NOT EXISTS\n  if (is(node, \"BoolExpr\") && node.BoolExpr.boolop === \"NOT_EXPR\") {\n    const args = node.BoolExpr.args;\n    if (args && args.length === 1) {\n      const inner = args[0];\n      if (\n        isANode(inner) &&\n        is(inner, \"SubLink\") &&\n        inner.SubLink.subLinkType === \"ANY_SUBLINK\"\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"PREFER_NOT_EXISTS_OVER_NOT_IN\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Prefer NOT EXISTS over NOT IN (SELECT ...)\",\n          location: inner.SubLink.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect COUNT(column) or COUNT(1) — suggest COUNT(*)\n  if (is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const funcName = node.FuncCall.funcname;\n    const isCount =\n      funcName &&\n      funcName.length === 1 &&\n      is(funcName[0], \"String\") &&\n      funcName[0].String.sval === \"count\";\n\n    if (\n      isCount &&\n      node.FuncCall.args &&\n      !node.FuncCall.agg_star &&\n      !node.FuncCall.agg_distinct\n    ) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"PREFER_COUNT_STAR_OVER_COUNT_COLUMN\",\n        severity: \"INFO\",\n        message:\n          \"Prefer COUNT(*) over COUNT(column) or COUNT(1) — COUNT(*) counts rows without checking for NULLs. If you need to count non-NULL values, COUNT(column) is correct.\",\n        location: node.FuncCall.location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect non-aggregate conditions in HAVING clause\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.havingClause) {\n    if (!containsAggregate(node.SelectStmt.havingClause)) {\n      const having = node.SelectStmt.havingClause;\n      let location: number | undefined;\n      if (is(having, \"A_Expr\")) location = having.A_Expr.location;\n      else if (is(having, \"BoolExpr\")) location = having.BoolExpr.location;\n\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"PREFER_WHERE_OVER_HAVING_FOR_NON_AGGREGATES\",\n        severity: \"INFO\",\n        message: \"Non-aggregate condition in HAVING should be in WHERE\",\n        location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect JSONB set-returning functions in WHERE context\n  if (is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const inWhereClause = stack.some((item) => item === \"whereClause\");\n    if (inWhereClause && node.FuncCall.args) {\n      const name = getFuncName(node);\n      if (\n        name &&\n        JSONB_SET_RETURNING_FUNCTIONS.has(name) &&\n        containsColumnRef(node.FuncCall.args)\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"CONSIDER_JSONB_CONTAINMENT_OPERATOR\",\n          severity: \"INFO\",\n          message:\n            \"JSONB set-returning functions (e.g. jsonb_array_elements) cannot be used as an index access path. If the query checks for containment or key existence, GIN-compatible operators (@>, ?, ?|, ?&, @?, @@) may allow index usage.\",\n          location: node.FuncCall.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Too many parameters in a tuple\n  if (is(node, \"A_Expr\")) {\n    if (node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_IN\") {\n      let list: List | undefined;\n      if (node.A_Expr.lexpr && is(node.A_Expr.lexpr, \"List\")) {\n        list = node.A_Expr.lexpr.List;\n      } else if (node.A_Expr.rexpr && is(node.A_Expr.rexpr, \"List\")) {\n        list = node.A_Expr.rexpr.List;\n      }\n\n      if (list?.items && list.items.length >= 10) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"REPLACE_LARGE_IN_TUPLE_WITH_ANY_ARRAY\",\n          message:\n            \"`in (...)` queries with large tuples can often be replaced with `= ANY($1)` using a single parameter\",\n          severity: \"INFO\",\n          location: node.A_Expr.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect CASE inside aggregate functions (prefer FILTER)\n  if (is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const funcname =\n      node.FuncCall.funcname?.[0] &&\n      is(node.FuncCall.funcname[0], \"String\") &&\n      node.FuncCall.funcname[0].String.sval;\n\n    if (\n      funcname &&\n      [\"sum\", \"count\", \"avg\", \"min\", \"max\"].includes(funcname.toLowerCase())\n    ) {\n      const firstArg = node.FuncCall.args?.[0];\n      if (firstArg && isANode(firstArg) && is(firstArg, \"CaseExpr\")) {\n        const caseExpr = firstArg.CaseExpr;\n        // Only flag simple CASE expressions (single WHEN clause)\n        if (caseExpr.args && caseExpr.args.length === 1) {\n          // Check ELSE clause: must be absent, ELSE 0, or ELSE NULL\n          const defresult = caseExpr.defresult;\n          const isSimpleElse =\n            !defresult ||\n            (isANode(defresult) &&\n              is(defresult, \"A_Const\") &&\n              (defresult.A_Const.isnull !== undefined ||\n                (defresult.A_Const.ival !== undefined &&\n                  (defresult.A_Const.ival.ival === 0 ||\n                    defresult.A_Const.ival.ival === undefined))));\n\n          if (isSimpleElse) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"PREFER_FILTER_OVER_CASE_IN_AGGREGATE\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message:\n                \"Use FILTER (WHERE ...) instead of CASE inside aggregate functions\",\n              location: node.FuncCall.location,\n            });\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect UNION without ALL (implicit deduplication)\n  if (\n    is(node, \"SelectStmt\") &&\n    node.SelectStmt.op === \"SETOP_UNION\" &&\n    !node.SelectStmt.all\n  ) {\n    nudges.push({\n      kind: \"PREFER_UNION_ALL_OVER_UNION\",\n      severity: \"INFO\",\n      message:\n        \"UNION removes duplicates with an implicit sort — use UNION ALL if deduplication is not needed\",\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Detect COUNT(*)/COUNT(1) compared to 0 or 1 (existence check)\n  if (\n    is(node, \"A_Expr\") &&\n    node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_OP\" &&\n    node.A_Expr.name &&\n    node.A_Expr.name.length > 0\n  ) {\n    const opNode = node.A_Expr.name[0];\n    const op = is(opNode, \"String\") ? opNode.String.sval : null;\n\n    if (\n      op &&\n      isExistenceCheckPattern(node.A_Expr.lexpr, node.A_Expr.rexpr, op)\n    ) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"USE_EXISTS_NOT_COUNT_FOR_EXISTENCE_CHECK\",\n        severity: \"INFO\",\n        message: \"Use EXISTS instead of COUNT for existence checks\",\n        location: node.A_Expr.location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  return nudges;\n}\n\nfunction containsColumnRef(args: unknown[]): boolean {\n  // Recursively check if any argument contains a ColumnRef\n  for (const arg of args) {\n    if (hasColumnRefInNode(arg)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction hasColumnRefInNode(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"ColumnRef\")) {\n    return true;\n  }\n\n  if (typeof node !== \"object\" || node === null) {\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  if (Array.isArray(node)) {\n    return node.some((item) => hasColumnRefInNode(item));\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node)) {\n    const keys = Object.keys(node);\n    // @ts-expect-error | nodes don't allow dynamic access but it's the only way to do it\n    return hasColumnRefInNode(node[keys[0]]);\n  }\n\n  for (const child of Object.values(node)) {\n    if (hasColumnRefInNode(child)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction hasActualTablesInJoin(\n  joinExpr: Extract<Node, { JoinExpr: unknown }>,\n): boolean {\n  // Check left side of join\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg, \"RangeVar\")) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg, \"JoinExpr\")) {\n    if (hasActualTablesInJoin(joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Check right side of join\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg, \"RangeVar\")) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg, \"JoinExpr\")) {\n    if (hasActualTablesInJoin(joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction isNullConstant(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") {\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"A_Const\")) {\n    // Check if it's a NULL constant\n    return node.A_Const.isnull !== undefined;\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction getStringConstantValue(node: unknown): string | null {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") {\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"A_Const\") && node.A_Const.sval) {\n    return node.A_Const.sval.sval || null;\n  }\n\n  return null;\n}\n\nconst JSONB_SET_RETURNING_FUNCTIONS = new Set([\n  \"jsonb_array_elements\",\n  \"json_array_elements\",\n  \"jsonb_array_elements_text\",\n  \"json_array_elements_text\",\n  \"jsonb_each\",\n  \"json_each\",\n  \"jsonb_each_text\",\n  \"json_each_text\",\n]);\n\nfunction getFuncName(\n  node: Extract<Node, { FuncCall: unknown }>,\n): string | null {\n  const names = node.FuncCall.funcname;\n  if (!names || names.length === 0) return null;\n  const last = names[names.length - 1];\n  if (isANode(last) && is(last, \"String\") && last.String.sval) {\n    return last.String.sval;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nfunction getLastColumnRefField(\n  columnRef: Extract<Node, { ColumnRef: unknown }>,\n): string | null {\n  const fields = columnRef.ColumnRef.fields;\n  if (!fields || fields.length === 0) return null;\n\n  const lastField = fields[fields.length - 1];\n  if (isANode(lastField) && is(lastField, \"String\")) {\n    return lastField.String.sval || null;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nfunction whereHasIsNotNull(\n  whereClause: Node | undefined,\n  columnName: string,\n): boolean {\n  if (!whereClause) return false;\n\n  let found = false;\n  Walker.shallowMatch(whereClause, \"NullTest\", (node) => {\n    if (\n      node.NullTest.nulltesttype === \"IS_NOT_NULL\" &&\n      node.NullTest.arg &&\n      is(node.NullTest.arg, \"ColumnRef\")\n    ) {\n      const name = getLastColumnRefField(node.NullTest.arg);\n      if (name === columnName) {\n        found = true;\n      }\n    }\n  });\n\n  return found;\n}\n\nconst AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS = new Set([\n  \"count\",\n  \"sum\",\n  \"avg\",\n  \"min\",\n  \"max\",\n  \"array_agg\",\n  \"string_agg\",\n  \"bool_and\",\n  \"bool_or\",\n  \"every\",\n]);\n\nfunction containsAggregate(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") return false;\n\n  if (Array.isArray(node)) {\n    return node.some(containsAggregate);\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const funcname = node.FuncCall.funcname;\n    if (funcname) {\n      for (const f of funcname) {\n        if (\n          isANode(f) &&\n          is(f, \"String\") &&\n          AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS.has(f.String.sval?.toLowerCase() ?? \"\")\n        ) {\n          return true;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node)) {\n    const keys = Object.keys(node);\n    // @ts-expect-error | nodes don't allow dynamic access but it's the only way to do it\n    return containsAggregate(node[keys[0]]);\n  }\n\n  for (const child of Object.values(node)) {\n    if (containsAggregate(child)) return true;\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction countBoolOrConditions(\n  node: Extract<Node, { BoolExpr: unknown }>,\n): number {\n  if (node.BoolExpr.boolop !== \"OR_EXPR\" || !node.BoolExpr.args) {\n    return 1;\n  }\n\n  let count = 0;\n  for (const arg of node.BoolExpr.args) {\n    if (\n      isANode(arg) &&\n      is(arg, \"BoolExpr\") &&\n      arg.BoolExpr.boolop === \"OR_EXPR\"\n    ) {\n      count += countBoolOrConditions(arg);\n    } else {\n      count += 1;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return count;\n}\n\n/**\n * Check whether every leaf of a top-level OR expression references the same\n * left-hand column (e.g. `status = 'a' OR status = 'b' OR status = 'c'`).\n * Returns false when ORs span different columns — IN rewrite doesn't apply.\n */\nfunction allOrBranchesReferenceSameColumn(\n  node: Extract<Node, { BoolExpr: unknown }>,\n): boolean {\n  const columns = collectOrLeafColumns(node);\n  if (columns.length === 0) return false;\n  return columns.every((col) => col === columns[0]);\n}\n\nfunction collectOrLeafColumns(\n  node: Extract<Node, { BoolExpr: unknown }>,\n): string[] {\n  if (node.BoolExpr.boolop !== \"OR_EXPR\" || !node.BoolExpr.args) {\n    return [];\n  }\n\n  const columns: string[] = [];\n  for (const arg of node.BoolExpr.args) {\n    if (!isANode(arg)) continue;\n    if (is(arg, \"BoolExpr\") && arg.BoolExpr.boolop === \"OR_EXPR\") {\n      columns.push(...collectOrLeafColumns(arg));\n    } else if (is(arg, \"A_Expr\")) {\n      const col = getLeftColumnKey(arg);\n      if (col) {\n        columns.push(col);\n      } else {\n        // Non-column comparison — can't be rewritten as IN\n        return [];\n      }\n    } else {\n      // Non-A_Expr leaf (e.g. SubLink, BoolExpr AND) — not a simple OR chain\n      return [];\n    }\n  }\n  return columns;\n}\n\n/**\n * Get a string key for the left-hand column of an A_Expr equality comparison.\n * For `t1.col = value` returns `\"t1.col\"`, for `col = value` returns `\"col\"`.\n */\nfunction getLeftColumnKey(\n  expr: Extract<Node, { A_Expr: unknown }>,\n): string | null {\n  if (!expr.A_Expr.lexpr || !isANode(expr.A_Expr.lexpr)) return null;\n  if (!is(expr.A_Expr.lexpr, \"ColumnRef\")) return null;\n  const fields = expr.A_Expr.lexpr.ColumnRef.fields;\n  if (!fields) return null;\n  return fields\n    .filter(\n      (f): f is Extract<Node, { String: unknown }> =>\n        isANode(f) && is(f, \"String\"),\n    )\n    .map((f) => f.String.sval)\n    .join(\".\");\n}\n\n/**\n * Check if a WHERE clause contains an equality between columns from different\n * tables (indicating an old-style implicit join condition).\n */\nfunction whereHasCrossTableEquality(\n  whereClause: Node | undefined,\n  tableNames: Set<string>,\n): boolean {\n  if (!whereClause) return false;\n\n  if (isANode(whereClause) && is(whereClause, \"A_Expr\")) {\n    if (\n      whereClause.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_OP\" &&\n      whereClause.A_Expr.name?.some(\n        (n) => is(n, \"String\") && n.String.sval === \"=\",\n      )\n    ) {\n      const leftTable = getColumnRefTableQualifier(whereClause.A_Expr.lexpr);\n      const rightTable = getColumnRefTableQualifier(whereClause.A_Expr.rexpr);\n      if (\n        leftTable &&\n        rightTable &&\n        leftTable !== rightTable &&\n        tableNames.has(leftTable) &&\n        tableNames.has(rightTable)\n      ) {\n        return true;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Recurse into AND/OR boolean expressions\n  if (isANode(whereClause) && is(whereClause, \"BoolExpr\")) {\n    for (const arg of whereClause.BoolExpr.args ?? []) {\n      if (isANode(arg) && whereHasCrossTableEquality(arg, tableNames)) {\n        return true;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\n/**\n * Extract the table qualifier (first field) from a ColumnRef node.\n * e.g. `t1.uid` → `\"t1\"`, `uid` → null\n */\nfunction getColumnRefTableQualifier(node: unknown): string | null {\n  if (!node || !isANode(node as Node) || !is(node as Node, \"ColumnRef\"))\n    return null;\n  const fields = (node as Extract<Node, { ColumnRef: unknown }>).ColumnRef\n    .fields;\n  if (!fields || fields.length < 2) return null;\n  const first = fields[0];\n  if (isANode(first) && is(first, \"String\")) {\n    return first.String.sval || null;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nfunction isCountFuncCall(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") return false;\n  if (!isANode(node) || !is(node, \"FuncCall\")) return false;\n  const fc = node.FuncCall;\n  const isCount =\n    fc.funcname?.some((n) => is(n, \"String\") && n.String.sval === \"count\") ??\n    false;\n  if (!isCount) return false;\n  // COUNT(*) has agg_star\n  if (fc.agg_star) return true;\n  // COUNT(1) or COUNT(literal) — single constant argument\n  if (\n    fc.args &&\n    fc.args.length === 1 &&\n    isANode(fc.args[0]) &&\n    is(fc.args[0], \"A_Const\")\n  ) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction isSubLinkWithCount(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") return false;\n  if (!isANode(node) || !is(node, \"SubLink\")) return false;\n  const sub = node.SubLink;\n  const subselect = sub.subselect;\n  if (!subselect || !isANode(subselect) || !is(subselect, \"SelectStmt\"))\n    return false;\n  const targets = subselect.SelectStmt.targetList;\n  if (!targets || targets.length !== 1) return false;\n  const target = targets[0];\n  if (!isANode(target) || !is(target, \"ResTarget\") || !target.ResTarget.val)\n    return false;\n  return isCountFuncCall(target.ResTarget.val);\n}\n\nfunction isCountExpression(node: unknown): boolean {\n  return isCountFuncCall(node) || isSubLinkWithCount(node);\n}\n\nfunction getIntegerConstantValue(node: unknown): number | null {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") return null;\n  if (!isANode(node) || !is(node, \"A_Const\")) return null;\n  if (node.A_Const.ival === undefined) return null;\n  // protobuf: ival: {} means 0, ival: { ival: N } means N\n  return node.A_Const.ival.ival ?? 0;\n}\n\nfunction isExistenceCheckPattern(\n  lexpr: unknown,\n  rexpr: unknown,\n  op: string,\n): boolean {\n  // count_expr > 0, count_expr >= 1, count_expr != 0, count_expr <> 0\n  if (isCountExpression(lexpr)) {\n    const val = getIntegerConstantValue(rexpr);\n    if (val !== null) {\n      if (op === \">\" && val === 0) return true;\n      if (op === \">=\" && val === 1) return true;\n      if ((op === \"!=\" || op === \"<>\") && val === 0) return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Reversed: 0 < count_expr, 1 <= count_expr, 0 != count_expr\n  if (isCountExpression(rexpr)) {\n    const val = getIntegerConstantValue(lexpr);\n    if (val !== null) {\n      if (op === \"<\" && val === 0) return true;\n      if (op === \"<=\" && val === 1) return true;\n      if ((op === \"!=\" || op === \"<>\") && val === 0) return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return 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+{"version":3,"file":"nudges.cjs","names":["is","isANode"],"sources":["../../src/sql/nudges.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import type { A_Const, List, Node, ResTarget } from \"@pgsql/types\";\nimport { is, isANode, type KeysOfUnion } from \"./ast-utils.js\";\nimport { Walker } from \"./walker.js\";\n\ntype NudgeKind =\n  | \"LARGE_IMPROVEMENT_FOUND\"\n  | \"SMALL_IMPROVEMENT_FOUND\"\n  | \"AVOID_SELECT_STAR\"\n  | \"AVOID_FUNCTIONS_ON_COLUMNS_IN_WHERE\"\n  | \"MISSING_WHERE_CLAUSE\"\n  | \"MISSING_LIMIT_CLAUSE\"\n  | \"USE_IS_NULL_NOT_EQUALS\"\n  | \"AVOID_DISTINCT_WITHOUT_REASON\"\n  | \"MISSING_JOIN_CONDITION\"\n  | \"AVOID_LEADING_WILDCARD_LIKE\"\n  | \"CONSIDER_IN_INSTEAD_OF_MANY_ORS\"\n  | \"REPLACE_LARGE_IN_TUPLE_WITH_ANY_ARRAY\"\n  | \"PREFER_NOT_EXISTS_OVER_NOT_IN\"\n  | \"AVOID_ORDER_BY_RANDOM\"\n  | \"PREFER_FILTER_OVER_CASE_IN_AGGREGATE\"\n  | \"PREFER_UNION_ALL_OVER_UNION\"\n  | \"NULLS_FIRST_IN_DESC_ORDER\"\n  | \"AVOID_SCALAR_SUBQUERY_IN_SELECT\"\n  | \"USE_EXISTS_NOT_COUNT_FOR_EXISTENCE_CHECK\"\n  | \"PREFER_COUNT_STAR_OVER_COUNT_COLUMN\"\n  | \"PREFER_WHERE_OVER_HAVING_FOR_NON_AGGREGATES\"\n  | \"CONSIDER_JSONB_CONTAINMENT_OPERATOR\"\n  | \"LIMIT_WITHOUT_ORDER_BY\";\n\nexport type Nudge = {\n  kind: NudgeKind;\n  severity: \"CRITICAL\" | \"WARNING\" | \"INFO\";\n  message: string;\n  location?: number;\n};\n\ntype NudgeCreator = (node: Node) => Nudge[];\n\nconst findFuncCallsOnColumns: NudgeCreator = (whereClause) => {\n  const nudges: Nudge[] = [];\n  Walker.shallowMatch(whereClause, \"FuncCall\", (node) => {\n    if (node.FuncCall.args && containsColumnRef(node.FuncCall.args)) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"AVOID_FUNCTIONS_ON_COLUMNS_IN_WHERE\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message:\n          \"Avoid using functions on columns in conditions — prevents index usage\",\n        location: node.FuncCall.location,\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  Walker.shallowMatch(whereClause, \"CoalesceExpr\", (node) => {\n    if (node.CoalesceExpr.args && containsColumnRef(node.CoalesceExpr.args)) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"AVOID_FUNCTIONS_ON_COLUMNS_IN_WHERE\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message:\n          \"Avoid using functions on columns in conditions — prevents index usage\",\n        location: node.CoalesceExpr.location,\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  Walker.shallowMatch(whereClause, \"TypeCast\", (node) => {\n    if (node.TypeCast.arg && hasColumnRefInNode(node.TypeCast.arg)) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"AVOID_FUNCTIONS_ON_COLUMNS_IN_WHERE\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message: \"Avoid using functions on columns in WHERE clause\",\n        location: node.TypeCast.location,\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  return nudges;\n};\n\n/**\n * Detect nudges for a single node during AST traversal.\n * Returns an array of nudges found for this node.\n */\nexport function parseNudges(\n  node: Node,\n  stack: (KeysOfUnion<Node> | string)[],\n): Nudge[] {\n  const nudges: Nudge[] = [];\n\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\")) {\n    if (node.SelectStmt.whereClause) {\n      nudges.push(...findFuncCallsOnColumns(node.SelectStmt.whereClause));\n    }\n    const star = node.SelectStmt.targetList?.find(\n      (target): target is { ResTarget: ResTarget } => {\n        if (\n          !(\n            is(target, \"ResTarget\") &&\n            target.ResTarget.val &&\n            is(target.ResTarget.val, \"ColumnRef\")\n          )\n        ) {\n          return false;\n        }\n        const fields = target.ResTarget.val.ColumnRef.fields;\n        if (!fields?.some((field) => is(field, \"A_Star\"))) {\n          return false;\n        }\n        // Qualified star (e.g. users.*) is deliberate — skip\n        if (fields.length > 1) {\n          return false;\n        }\n        return true;\n      },\n    );\n    if (star) {\n      // Skip when all FROM items are subqueries — the outer * just\n      // passes through whatever the subquery already selected.\n      const fromClause = node.SelectStmt.fromClause;\n      const allSubselects =\n        fromClause &&\n        fromClause.length > 0 &&\n        fromClause.every((item) => is(item, \"RangeSubselect\"));\n\n      if (!allSubselects) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_SELECT_STAR\",\n          severity: \"INFO\",\n          message: \"Avoid using SELECT *\",\n          location: star.ResTarget.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Detect correlated scalar subqueries in SELECT (N+1 problem)\n    for (const target of node.SelectStmt.targetList ?? []) {\n      if (\n        is(target, \"ResTarget\") &&\n        target.ResTarget.val &&\n        is(target.ResTarget.val, \"SubLink\") &&\n        target.ResTarget.val.SubLink.subLinkType === \"EXPR_SUBLINK\"\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_SCALAR_SUBQUERY_IN_SELECT\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message:\n            \"Avoid correlated scalar subqueries in SELECT; consider rewriting as a JOIN\",\n          location: target.ResTarget.val.SubLink.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect unbounded queries (missing WHERE or LIMIT on table queries)\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\")) {\n    // Only check top-level SELECT statements (not subqueries)\n    const isSubquery = stack.some(\n      (item) =>\n        item === \"RangeSubselect\" ||\n        item === \"SubLink\" ||\n        item === \"CommonTableExpr\",\n    );\n\n    if (!isSubquery) {\n      const hasFromClause =\n        node.SelectStmt.fromClause && node.SelectStmt.fromClause.length > 0;\n      if (hasFromClause) {\n        // Check if this SELECT queries actual tables (not just subqueries or CTEs)\n        const hasActualTables = node.SelectStmt.fromClause!.some((fromItem) => {\n          return (\n            is(fromItem, \"RangeVar\") ||\n            (is(fromItem, \"JoinExpr\") && hasActualTablesInJoin(fromItem))\n          );\n        });\n\n        if (hasActualTables) {\n          const firstTable = node.SelectStmt.fromClause!.find((item) =>\n            is(item, \"RangeVar\"),\n          );\n          const fromLocation = firstTable?.RangeVar.location;\n\n          if (!node.SelectStmt.whereClause) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"MISSING_WHERE_CLAUSE\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message: \"Missing WHERE clause\",\n              location: fromLocation,\n            });\n          }\n\n          // A bare aggregate select (aggregates in the target list, no GROUP BY)\n          // returns exactly one row, so a LIMIT adds nothing. Aggregates with\n          // GROUP BY can still return many rows and stay eligible.\n          const isBareAggregate =\n            !node.SelectStmt.groupClause?.length &&\n            containsAggregate(node.SelectStmt.targetList, true);\n\n          if (!node.SelectStmt.limitCount && !isBareAggregate) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"MISSING_LIMIT_CLAUSE\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message: \"Missing LIMIT clause\",\n              location: fromLocation,\n            });\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect LIMIT without ORDER BY (non-deterministic results)\n  // LIMIT ALL parses as limitCount with A_Const.isnull — exclude it\n  if (\n    is(node, \"SelectStmt\") &&\n    node.SelectStmt.limitCount &&\n    !isNullConstant(node.SelectStmt.limitCount) &&\n    !node.SelectStmt.sortClause\n  ) {\n    nudges.push({\n      kind: \"LIMIT_WITHOUT_ORDER_BY\",\n      severity: \"WARNING\",\n      message:\n        \"LIMIT without ORDER BY returns non-deterministic results — add ORDER BY for predictable output\",\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Detect ORDER BY DESC without explicit NULLS LAST (NULLs sort first by default)\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n    for (const sortItem of node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n      if (!is(sortItem, \"SortBy\")) continue;\n\n      const sortDir = sortItem.SortBy.sortby_dir ?? \"SORTBY_DEFAULT\";\n      const sortNulls = sortItem.SortBy.sortby_nulls ?? \"SORTBY_NULLS_DEFAULT\";\n\n      if (sortDir === \"SORTBY_DESC\" && sortNulls === \"SORTBY_NULLS_DEFAULT\") {\n        if (sortItem.SortBy.node && is(sortItem.SortBy.node, \"ColumnRef\")) {\n          const sortColumnName = getLastColumnRefField(sortItem.SortBy.node);\n\n          const hasIsNotNull =\n            sortColumnName !== null &&\n            whereHasIsNotNull(node.SelectStmt.whereClause, sortColumnName);\n\n          if (!hasIsNotNull) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"NULLS_FIRST_IN_DESC_ORDER\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message:\n                \"ORDER BY … DESC sorts NULLs first — add NULLS LAST to push them to the end\",\n              location: sortItem.SortBy.node.ColumnRef.location,\n            });\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect NULL comparison issues (= NULL instead of IS NULL)\n  if (is(node, \"A_Expr\")) {\n    const isEqualityOp =\n      node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_OP\" &&\n      node.A_Expr.name &&\n      node.A_Expr.name.length > 0 &&\n      is(node.A_Expr.name[0], \"String\") &&\n      (node.A_Expr.name[0].String.sval === \"=\" ||\n        node.A_Expr.name[0].String.sval === \"!=\" ||\n        node.A_Expr.name[0].String.sval === \"<>\");\n\n    if (isEqualityOp) {\n      const leftIsNull = isNullConstant(node.A_Expr.lexpr);\n      const rightIsNull = isNullConstant(node.A_Expr.rexpr);\n\n      if (leftIsNull || rightIsNull) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"USE_IS_NULL_NOT_EQUALS\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Use IS NULL instead of = or != or <> for NULL comparisons\",\n          location: node.A_Expr.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Detect LIKE with leading wildcards\n    const isLikeOp =\n      node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_LIKE\" || node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_ILIKE\";\n\n    if (isLikeOp && node.A_Expr.rexpr) {\n      const patternString = getStringConstantValue(node.A_Expr.rexpr);\n      if (patternString && patternString.startsWith(\"%\")) {\n        let stringNode: A_Const | undefined;\n        if (is(node.A_Expr.rexpr, \"A_Const\")) {\n          stringNode = node.A_Expr.rexpr.A_Const;\n        }\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_LEADING_WILDCARD_LIKE\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message:\n            \"Leading wildcard in LIKE/ILIKE prevents index usage — consider a GIN trigram index (pg_trgm) or full-text search\",\n          location: stringNode?.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect ORDER BY random()\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n    for (const sortItem of node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n      if (\n        is(sortItem, \"SortBy\") &&\n        sortItem.SortBy.node &&\n        is(sortItem.SortBy.node, \"FuncCall\") &&\n        sortItem.SortBy.node.FuncCall.funcname?.some(\n          (name) => is(name, \"String\") && name.String.sval === \"random\",\n        )\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_ORDER_BY_RANDOM\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Avoid using ORDER BY random()\",\n          location: sortItem.SortBy.node.FuncCall.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect DISTINCT usage\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.distinctClause) {\n    nudges.push({\n      kind: \"AVOID_DISTINCT_WITHOUT_REASON\",\n      severity: \"WARNING\",\n      message: \"Avoid using DISTINCT without a reason\",\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Detect cartesian joins (missing JOIN conditions) and functions on columns in ON\n  if (is(node, \"JoinExpr\")) {\n    if (node.JoinExpr.quals) {\n      nudges.push(...findFuncCallsOnColumns(node.JoinExpr.quals));\n    } else if (!node.JoinExpr.usingClause) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"MISSING_JOIN_CONDITION\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message: \"Missing JOIN condition\",\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect multiple tables in FROM without explicit JOINs (old-style cartesian joins)\n  if (\n    is(node, \"SelectStmt\") &&\n    node.SelectStmt.fromClause &&\n    node.SelectStmt.fromClause.length > 1\n  ) {\n    // Check if there are multiple RangeVar (tables) directly in FROM clause\n    const tables = node.SelectStmt.fromClause.filter((item) =>\n      is(item, \"RangeVar\"),\n    );\n    if (tables.length > 1) {\n      // Collect table aliases/names for cross-table equality check\n      const tableNames = new Set(\n        tables.map(\n          (t) => t.RangeVar.alias?.aliasname || t.RangeVar.relname || \"\",\n        ),\n      );\n\n      // Don't fire if WHERE already has a cross-table equality (old-style implicit join)\n      if (\n        !whereHasCrossTableEquality(node.SelectStmt.whereClause, tableNames)\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"MISSING_JOIN_CONDITION\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Missing JOIN condition\",\n          location: tables[1].RangeVar.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect too many OR conditions on the same column\n  if (is(node, \"BoolExpr\") && node.BoolExpr.boolop === \"OR_EXPR\") {\n    const orCount = countBoolOrConditions(node);\n    if (orCount >= 3 && allOrBranchesReferenceSameColumn(node)) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"CONSIDER_IN_INSTEAD_OF_MANY_ORS\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message: \"Consider using IN instead of many ORs\",\n        location: node.BoolExpr.location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect NOT IN (SELECT ...) — prefer NOT EXISTS\n  if (is(node, \"BoolExpr\") && node.BoolExpr.boolop === \"NOT_EXPR\") {\n    const args = node.BoolExpr.args;\n    if (args && args.length === 1) {\n      const inner = args[0];\n      if (\n        isANode(inner) &&\n        is(inner, \"SubLink\") &&\n        inner.SubLink.subLinkType === \"ANY_SUBLINK\"\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"PREFER_NOT_EXISTS_OVER_NOT_IN\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Prefer NOT EXISTS over NOT IN (SELECT ...)\",\n          location: inner.SubLink.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect COUNT(column) or COUNT(1) — suggest COUNT(*)\n  if (is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const funcName = node.FuncCall.funcname;\n    const isCount =\n      funcName &&\n      funcName.length === 1 &&\n      is(funcName[0], \"String\") &&\n      funcName[0].String.sval === \"count\";\n\n    if (\n      isCount &&\n      node.FuncCall.args &&\n      !node.FuncCall.agg_star &&\n      !node.FuncCall.agg_distinct\n    ) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"PREFER_COUNT_STAR_OVER_COUNT_COLUMN\",\n        severity: \"INFO\",\n        message:\n          \"Prefer COUNT(*) over COUNT(column) or COUNT(1) — COUNT(*) counts rows without checking for NULLs. If you need to count non-NULL values, COUNT(column) is correct.\",\n        location: node.FuncCall.location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect non-aggregate conditions in HAVING clause\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.havingClause) {\n    if (!containsAggregate(node.SelectStmt.havingClause)) {\n      const having = node.SelectStmt.havingClause;\n      let location: number | undefined;\n      if (is(having, \"A_Expr\")) location = having.A_Expr.location;\n      else if (is(having, \"BoolExpr\")) location = having.BoolExpr.location;\n\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"PREFER_WHERE_OVER_HAVING_FOR_NON_AGGREGATES\",\n        severity: \"INFO\",\n        message: \"Non-aggregate condition in HAVING should be in WHERE\",\n        location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect JSONB set-returning functions in WHERE context\n  if (is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const inWhereClause = stack.some((item) => item === \"whereClause\");\n    if (inWhereClause && node.FuncCall.args) {\n      const name = getFuncName(node);\n      if (\n        name &&\n        JSONB_SET_RETURNING_FUNCTIONS.has(name) &&\n        containsColumnRef(node.FuncCall.args)\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"CONSIDER_JSONB_CONTAINMENT_OPERATOR\",\n          severity: \"INFO\",\n          message:\n            \"JSONB set-returning functions (e.g. jsonb_array_elements) cannot be used as an index access path. If the query checks for containment or key existence, GIN-compatible operators (@>, ?, ?|, ?&, @?, @@) may allow index usage.\",\n          location: node.FuncCall.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Too many parameters in a tuple\n  if (is(node, \"A_Expr\")) {\n    if (node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_IN\") {\n      let list: List | undefined;\n      if (node.A_Expr.lexpr && is(node.A_Expr.lexpr, \"List\")) {\n        list = node.A_Expr.lexpr.List;\n      } else if (node.A_Expr.rexpr && is(node.A_Expr.rexpr, \"List\")) {\n        list = node.A_Expr.rexpr.List;\n      }\n\n      if (list?.items && list.items.length >= 10) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"REPLACE_LARGE_IN_TUPLE_WITH_ANY_ARRAY\",\n          message:\n            \"`in (...)` queries with large tuples can often be replaced with `= ANY($1)` using a single parameter\",\n          severity: \"INFO\",\n          location: node.A_Expr.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect CASE inside aggregate functions (prefer FILTER)\n  if (is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const funcname =\n      node.FuncCall.funcname?.[0] &&\n      is(node.FuncCall.funcname[0], \"String\") &&\n      node.FuncCall.funcname[0].String.sval;\n\n    if (\n      funcname &&\n      [\"sum\", \"count\", \"avg\", \"min\", \"max\"].includes(funcname.toLowerCase())\n    ) {\n      const firstArg = node.FuncCall.args?.[0];\n      if (firstArg && isANode(firstArg) && is(firstArg, \"CaseExpr\")) {\n        const caseExpr = firstArg.CaseExpr;\n        // Only flag simple CASE expressions (single WHEN clause)\n        if (caseExpr.args && caseExpr.args.length === 1) {\n          // Check ELSE clause: must be absent, ELSE 0, or ELSE NULL\n          const defresult = caseExpr.defresult;\n          const isSimpleElse =\n            !defresult ||\n            (isANode(defresult) &&\n              is(defresult, \"A_Const\") &&\n              (defresult.A_Const.isnull !== undefined ||\n                (defresult.A_Const.ival !== undefined &&\n                  (defresult.A_Const.ival.ival === 0 ||\n                    defresult.A_Const.ival.ival === undefined))));\n\n          if (isSimpleElse) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"PREFER_FILTER_OVER_CASE_IN_AGGREGATE\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message:\n                \"Use FILTER (WHERE ...) instead of CASE inside aggregate functions\",\n              location: node.FuncCall.location,\n            });\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect UNION without ALL (implicit deduplication)\n  if (\n    is(node, \"SelectStmt\") &&\n    node.SelectStmt.op === \"SETOP_UNION\" &&\n    !node.SelectStmt.all\n  ) {\n    nudges.push({\n      kind: \"PREFER_UNION_ALL_OVER_UNION\",\n      severity: \"INFO\",\n      message:\n        \"UNION removes duplicates with an implicit sort — use UNION ALL if deduplication is not needed\",\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Detect COUNT(*)/COUNT(1) compared to 0 or 1 (existence check)\n  if (\n    is(node, \"A_Expr\") &&\n    node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_OP\" &&\n    node.A_Expr.name &&\n    node.A_Expr.name.length > 0\n  ) {\n    const opNode = node.A_Expr.name[0];\n    const op = is(opNode, \"String\") ? opNode.String.sval : null;\n\n    if (\n      op &&\n      isExistenceCheckPattern(node.A_Expr.lexpr, node.A_Expr.rexpr, op)\n    ) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"USE_EXISTS_NOT_COUNT_FOR_EXISTENCE_CHECK\",\n        severity: \"INFO\",\n        message: \"Use EXISTS instead of COUNT for existence checks\",\n        location: node.A_Expr.location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  return nudges;\n}\n\nfunction containsColumnRef(args: unknown[]): boolean {\n  // Recursively check if any argument contains a ColumnRef\n  for (const arg of args) {\n    if (hasColumnRefInNode(arg)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction hasColumnRefInNode(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"ColumnRef\")) {\n    return true;\n  }\n\n  if (typeof node !== \"object\" || node === null) {\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  if (Array.isArray(node)) {\n    return node.some((item) => hasColumnRefInNode(item));\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node)) {\n    const keys = Object.keys(node);\n    // @ts-expect-error | nodes don't allow dynamic access but it's the only way to do it\n    return hasColumnRefInNode(node[keys[0]]);\n  }\n\n  for (const child of Object.values(node)) {\n    if (hasColumnRefInNode(child)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction hasActualTablesInJoin(\n  joinExpr: Extract<Node, { JoinExpr: unknown }>,\n): boolean {\n  // Check left side of join\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg, \"RangeVar\")) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg, \"JoinExpr\")) {\n    if (hasActualTablesInJoin(joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Check right side of join\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg, \"RangeVar\")) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg, \"JoinExpr\")) {\n    if (hasActualTablesInJoin(joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction isNullConstant(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") {\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"A_Const\")) {\n    // Check if it's a NULL constant\n    return node.A_Const.isnull !== undefined;\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction getStringConstantValue(node: unknown): string | null {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") {\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"A_Const\") && node.A_Const.sval) {\n    return node.A_Const.sval.sval || null;\n  }\n\n  return null;\n}\n\nconst JSONB_SET_RETURNING_FUNCTIONS = new Set([\n  \"jsonb_array_elements\",\n  \"json_array_elements\",\n  \"jsonb_array_elements_text\",\n  \"json_array_elements_text\",\n  \"jsonb_each\",\n  \"json_each\",\n  \"jsonb_each_text\",\n  \"json_each_text\",\n]);\n\nfunction getFuncName(\n  node: Extract<Node, { FuncCall: unknown }>,\n): string | null {\n  const names = node.FuncCall.funcname;\n  if (!names || names.length === 0) return null;\n  const last = names[names.length - 1];\n  if (isANode(last) && is(last, \"String\") && last.String.sval) {\n    return last.String.sval;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nfunction getLastColumnRefField(\n  columnRef: Extract<Node, { ColumnRef: unknown }>,\n): string | null {\n  const fields = columnRef.ColumnRef.fields;\n  if (!fields || fields.length === 0) return null;\n\n  const lastField = fields[fields.length - 1];\n  if (isANode(lastField) && is(lastField, \"String\")) {\n    return lastField.String.sval || null;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nfunction whereHasIsNotNull(\n  whereClause: Node | undefined,\n  columnName: string,\n): boolean {\n  if (!whereClause) return false;\n\n  let found = false;\n  Walker.shallowMatch(whereClause, \"NullTest\", (node) => {\n    if (\n      node.NullTest.nulltesttype === \"IS_NOT_NULL\" &&\n      node.NullTest.arg &&\n      is(node.NullTest.arg, \"ColumnRef\")\n    ) {\n      const name = getLastColumnRefField(node.NullTest.arg);\n      if (name === columnName) {\n        found = true;\n      }\n    }\n  });\n\n  return found;\n}\n\nconst AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS = new Set([\n  \"count\",\n  \"sum\",\n  \"avg\",\n  \"min\",\n  \"max\",\n  \"array_agg\",\n  \"string_agg\",\n  \"bool_and\",\n  \"bool_or\",\n  \"every\",\n]);\n\nfunction containsAggregate(node: unknown, skipSubqueries = false): boolean {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") return false;\n\n  if (Array.isArray(node)) {\n    return node.some((child) => containsAggregate(child, skipSubqueries));\n  }\n\n  // A subquery's aggregate doesn't bound the enclosing query, so callers that\n  // reason about the enclosing statement (e.g. bare-aggregate detection) skip it.\n  if 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 rightTable &&\n        leftTable !== rightTable &&\n        tableNames.has(leftTable) &&\n        tableNames.has(rightTable)\n      ) {\n        return true;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Recurse into AND/OR boolean expressions\n  if (isANode(whereClause) && is(whereClause, \"BoolExpr\")) {\n    for (const arg of whereClause.BoolExpr.args ?? 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package/dist/sql/nudges.mjs

@@ -74,7 +74,8 @@ function parseNudges(node, stack) {
 						message: "Missing WHERE clause",
 						location: fromLocation
 					});
-					if (!node.SelectStmt.limitCount) nudges.push({
+					const isBareAggregate = !node.SelectStmt.groupClause?.length && containsAggregate(node.SelectStmt.targetList, true);
+					if (!node.SelectStmt.limitCount && !isBareAggregate) nudges.push({
 						kind: "MISSING_LIMIT_CLAUSE",
 						severity: "INFO",
 						message: "Missing LIMIT clause",
@@ -350,17 +351,18 @@ const AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS = new Set([
 	"bool_or",
 	"every"
 ]);
-function containsAggregate(node) {
+function containsAggregate(node, skipSubqueries = false) {
 	if (!node || typeof node !== "object") return false;
-	if (Array.isArray(node)) return node.some(containsAggregate);
+	if (Array.isArray(node)) return node.some((child) => containsAggregate(child, skipSubqueries));
+	if (skipSubqueries && isANode(node) && is(node, "SubLink")) return false;
 	if (isANode(node) && is(node, "FuncCall")) {
 		const funcname = node.FuncCall.funcname;
 		if (funcname) {
 			for (const f of funcname) if (isANode(f) && is(f, "String") && AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS.has(f.String.sval?.toLowerCase() ?? "")) return true;
 		}
 	}
-	if (isANode(node)) return containsAggregate(node[Object.keys(node)[0]]);
-	for (const child of Object.values(node)) if (containsAggregate(child)) return true;
+	if (isANode(node)) return containsAggregate(node[Object.keys(node)[0]], skipSubqueries);
+	for (const child of Object.values(node)) if (containsAggregate(child, skipSubqueries)) return true;
 	return false;
 }
 function countBoolOrConditions(node) {

package/dist/sql/nudges.mjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"nudges.mjs","names":[],"sources":["../../src/sql/nudges.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import type { A_Const, List, Node, ResTarget } from \"@pgsql/types\";\nimport { is, isANode, type KeysOfUnion } from \"./ast-utils.js\";\nimport { Walker } from \"./walker.js\";\n\ntype NudgeKind =\n  | \"LARGE_IMPROVEMENT_FOUND\"\n  | \"SMALL_IMPROVEMENT_FOUND\"\n  | \"AVOID_SELECT_STAR\"\n  | \"AVOID_FUNCTIONS_ON_COLUMNS_IN_WHERE\"\n  | \"MISSING_WHERE_CLAUSE\"\n  | \"MISSING_LIMIT_CLAUSE\"\n  | \"USE_IS_NULL_NOT_EQUALS\"\n  | \"AVOID_DISTINCT_WITHOUT_REASON\"\n  | \"MISSING_JOIN_CONDITION\"\n  | \"AVOID_LEADING_WILDCARD_LIKE\"\n  | \"CONSIDER_IN_INSTEAD_OF_MANY_ORS\"\n  | \"REPLACE_LARGE_IN_TUPLE_WITH_ANY_ARRAY\"\n  | \"PREFER_NOT_EXISTS_OVER_NOT_IN\"\n  | \"AVOID_ORDER_BY_RANDOM\"\n  | \"PREFER_FILTER_OVER_CASE_IN_AGGREGATE\"\n  | \"PREFER_UNION_ALL_OVER_UNION\"\n  | \"NULLS_FIRST_IN_DESC_ORDER\"\n  | \"AVOID_SCALAR_SUBQUERY_IN_SELECT\"\n  | \"USE_EXISTS_NOT_COUNT_FOR_EXISTENCE_CHECK\"\n  | \"PREFER_COUNT_STAR_OVER_COUNT_COLUMN\"\n  | \"PREFER_WHERE_OVER_HAVING_FOR_NON_AGGREGATES\"\n  | \"CONSIDER_JSONB_CONTAINMENT_OPERATOR\"\n  | \"LIMIT_WITHOUT_ORDER_BY\";\n\nexport type Nudge = {\n  kind: NudgeKind;\n  severity: \"CRITICAL\" | \"WARNING\" | \"INFO\";\n  message: string;\n  location?: number;\n};\n\ntype NudgeCreator = (node: Node) => Nudge[];\n\nconst findFuncCallsOnColumns: NudgeCreator = (whereClause) => {\n  const nudges: Nudge[] = [];\n  Walker.shallowMatch(whereClause, \"FuncCall\", (node) => {\n    if (node.FuncCall.args && containsColumnRef(node.FuncCall.args)) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"AVOID_FUNCTIONS_ON_COLUMNS_IN_WHERE\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message:\n          \"Avoid using functions on columns in conditions — prevents index usage\",\n        location: node.FuncCall.location,\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  Walker.shallowMatch(whereClause, \"CoalesceExpr\", (node) => {\n    if (node.CoalesceExpr.args && containsColumnRef(node.CoalesceExpr.args)) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"AVOID_FUNCTIONS_ON_COLUMNS_IN_WHERE\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message:\n          \"Avoid using functions on columns in conditions — prevents index usage\",\n        location: node.CoalesceExpr.location,\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  Walker.shallowMatch(whereClause, \"TypeCast\", (node) => {\n    if (node.TypeCast.arg && hasColumnRefInNode(node.TypeCast.arg)) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"AVOID_FUNCTIONS_ON_COLUMNS_IN_WHERE\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message: \"Avoid using functions on columns in WHERE clause\",\n        location: node.TypeCast.location,\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  return nudges;\n};\n\n/**\n * Detect nudges for a single node during AST traversal.\n * Returns an array of nudges found for this node.\n */\nexport function parseNudges(\n  node: Node,\n  stack: (KeysOfUnion<Node> | string)[],\n): Nudge[] {\n  const nudges: Nudge[] = [];\n\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\")) {\n    if (node.SelectStmt.whereClause) {\n      nudges.push(...findFuncCallsOnColumns(node.SelectStmt.whereClause));\n    }\n    const star = node.SelectStmt.targetList?.find(\n      (target): target is { ResTarget: ResTarget } => {\n        if (\n          !(\n            is(target, \"ResTarget\") &&\n            target.ResTarget.val &&\n            is(target.ResTarget.val, \"ColumnRef\")\n          )\n        ) {\n          return false;\n        }\n        const fields = target.ResTarget.val.ColumnRef.fields;\n        if (!fields?.some((field) => is(field, \"A_Star\"))) {\n          return false;\n        }\n        // Qualified star (e.g. users.*) is deliberate — skip\n        if (fields.length > 1) {\n          return false;\n        }\n        return true;\n      },\n    );\n    if (star) {\n      // Skip when all FROM items are subqueries — the outer * just\n      // passes through whatever the subquery already selected.\n      const fromClause = node.SelectStmt.fromClause;\n      const allSubselects =\n        fromClause &&\n        fromClause.length > 0 &&\n        fromClause.every((item) => is(item, \"RangeSubselect\"));\n\n      if (!allSubselects) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_SELECT_STAR\",\n          severity: \"INFO\",\n          message: \"Avoid using SELECT *\",\n          location: star.ResTarget.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Detect correlated scalar subqueries in SELECT (N+1 problem)\n    for (const target of node.SelectStmt.targetList ?? []) {\n      if (\n        is(target, \"ResTarget\") &&\n        target.ResTarget.val &&\n        is(target.ResTarget.val, \"SubLink\") &&\n        target.ResTarget.val.SubLink.subLinkType === \"EXPR_SUBLINK\"\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_SCALAR_SUBQUERY_IN_SELECT\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message:\n            \"Avoid correlated scalar subqueries in SELECT; consider rewriting as a JOIN\",\n          location: target.ResTarget.val.SubLink.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect unbounded queries (missing WHERE or LIMIT on table queries)\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\")) {\n    // Only check top-level SELECT statements (not subqueries)\n    const isSubquery = stack.some(\n      (item) =>\n        item === \"RangeSubselect\" ||\n        item === \"SubLink\" ||\n        item === \"CommonTableExpr\",\n    );\n\n    if (!isSubquery) {\n      const hasFromClause =\n        node.SelectStmt.fromClause && node.SelectStmt.fromClause.length > 0;\n      if (hasFromClause) {\n        // Check if this SELECT queries actual tables (not just subqueries or CTEs)\n        const hasActualTables = node.SelectStmt.fromClause!.some((fromItem) => {\n          return (\n            is(fromItem, \"RangeVar\") ||\n            (is(fromItem, \"JoinExpr\") && hasActualTablesInJoin(fromItem))\n          );\n        });\n\n        if (hasActualTables) {\n          const firstTable = node.SelectStmt.fromClause!.find((item) =>\n            is(item, \"RangeVar\"),\n          );\n          const fromLocation = firstTable?.RangeVar.location;\n\n          if (!node.SelectStmt.whereClause) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"MISSING_WHERE_CLAUSE\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message: \"Missing WHERE clause\",\n              location: fromLocation,\n            });\n          }\n\n          if (!node.SelectStmt.limitCount) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"MISSING_LIMIT_CLAUSE\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message: \"Missing LIMIT clause\",\n              location: fromLocation,\n            });\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect LIMIT without ORDER BY (non-deterministic results)\n  // LIMIT ALL parses as limitCount with A_Const.isnull — exclude it\n  if (\n    is(node, \"SelectStmt\") &&\n    node.SelectStmt.limitCount &&\n    !isNullConstant(node.SelectStmt.limitCount) &&\n    !node.SelectStmt.sortClause\n  ) {\n    nudges.push({\n      kind: \"LIMIT_WITHOUT_ORDER_BY\",\n      severity: \"WARNING\",\n      message:\n        \"LIMIT without ORDER BY returns non-deterministic results — add ORDER BY for predictable output\",\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Detect ORDER BY DESC without explicit NULLS LAST (NULLs sort first by default)\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n    for (const sortItem of node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n      if (!is(sortItem, \"SortBy\")) continue;\n\n      const sortDir = sortItem.SortBy.sortby_dir ?? \"SORTBY_DEFAULT\";\n      const sortNulls = sortItem.SortBy.sortby_nulls ?? \"SORTBY_NULLS_DEFAULT\";\n\n      if (sortDir === \"SORTBY_DESC\" && sortNulls === \"SORTBY_NULLS_DEFAULT\") {\n        if (sortItem.SortBy.node && is(sortItem.SortBy.node, \"ColumnRef\")) {\n          const sortColumnName = getLastColumnRefField(sortItem.SortBy.node);\n\n          const hasIsNotNull =\n            sortColumnName !== null &&\n            whereHasIsNotNull(node.SelectStmt.whereClause, sortColumnName);\n\n          if (!hasIsNotNull) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"NULLS_FIRST_IN_DESC_ORDER\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message:\n                \"ORDER BY … DESC sorts NULLs first — add NULLS LAST to push them to the end\",\n              location: sortItem.SortBy.node.ColumnRef.location,\n            });\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect NULL comparison issues (= NULL instead of IS NULL)\n  if (is(node, \"A_Expr\")) {\n    const isEqualityOp =\n      node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_OP\" &&\n      node.A_Expr.name &&\n      node.A_Expr.name.length > 0 &&\n      is(node.A_Expr.name[0], \"String\") &&\n      (node.A_Expr.name[0].String.sval === \"=\" ||\n        node.A_Expr.name[0].String.sval === \"!=\" ||\n        node.A_Expr.name[0].String.sval === \"<>\");\n\n    if (isEqualityOp) {\n      const leftIsNull = isNullConstant(node.A_Expr.lexpr);\n      const rightIsNull = isNullConstant(node.A_Expr.rexpr);\n\n      if (leftIsNull || rightIsNull) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"USE_IS_NULL_NOT_EQUALS\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Use IS NULL instead of = or != or <> for NULL comparisons\",\n          location: node.A_Expr.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Detect LIKE with leading wildcards\n    const isLikeOp =\n      node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_LIKE\" || node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_ILIKE\";\n\n    if (isLikeOp && node.A_Expr.rexpr) {\n      const patternString = getStringConstantValue(node.A_Expr.rexpr);\n      if (patternString && patternString.startsWith(\"%\")) {\n        let stringNode: A_Const | undefined;\n        if (is(node.A_Expr.rexpr, \"A_Const\")) {\n          stringNode = node.A_Expr.rexpr.A_Const;\n        }\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_LEADING_WILDCARD_LIKE\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message:\n            \"Leading wildcard in LIKE/ILIKE prevents index usage — consider a GIN trigram index (pg_trgm) or full-text search\",\n          location: stringNode?.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect ORDER BY random()\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n    for (const sortItem of node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n      if (\n        is(sortItem, \"SortBy\") &&\n        sortItem.SortBy.node &&\n        is(sortItem.SortBy.node, \"FuncCall\") &&\n        sortItem.SortBy.node.FuncCall.funcname?.some(\n          (name) => is(name, \"String\") && name.String.sval === \"random\",\n        )\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_ORDER_BY_RANDOM\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Avoid using ORDER BY random()\",\n          location: sortItem.SortBy.node.FuncCall.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect DISTINCT usage\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.distinctClause) {\n    nudges.push({\n      kind: \"AVOID_DISTINCT_WITHOUT_REASON\",\n      severity: \"WARNING\",\n      message: \"Avoid using DISTINCT without a reason\",\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Detect cartesian joins (missing JOIN conditions) and functions on columns in ON\n  if (is(node, \"JoinExpr\")) {\n    if (node.JoinExpr.quals) {\n      nudges.push(...findFuncCallsOnColumns(node.JoinExpr.quals));\n    } else if (!node.JoinExpr.usingClause) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"MISSING_JOIN_CONDITION\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message: \"Missing JOIN condition\",\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect multiple tables in FROM without explicit JOINs (old-style cartesian joins)\n  if (\n    is(node, \"SelectStmt\") &&\n    node.SelectStmt.fromClause &&\n    node.SelectStmt.fromClause.length > 1\n  ) {\n    // Check if there are multiple RangeVar (tables) directly in FROM clause\n    const tables = node.SelectStmt.fromClause.filter((item) =>\n      is(item, \"RangeVar\"),\n    );\n    if (tables.length > 1) {\n      // Collect table aliases/names for cross-table equality check\n      const tableNames = new Set(\n        tables.map(\n          (t) => t.RangeVar.alias?.aliasname || t.RangeVar.relname || \"\",\n        ),\n      );\n\n      // Don't fire if WHERE already has a cross-table equality (old-style implicit join)\n      if (\n        !whereHasCrossTableEquality(node.SelectStmt.whereClause, tableNames)\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"MISSING_JOIN_CONDITION\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Missing JOIN condition\",\n          location: tables[1].RangeVar.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect too many OR conditions on the same column\n  if (is(node, \"BoolExpr\") && node.BoolExpr.boolop === \"OR_EXPR\") {\n    const orCount = countBoolOrConditions(node);\n    if (orCount >= 3 && allOrBranchesReferenceSameColumn(node)) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"CONSIDER_IN_INSTEAD_OF_MANY_ORS\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message: \"Consider using IN instead of many ORs\",\n        location: node.BoolExpr.location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect NOT IN (SELECT ...) — prefer NOT EXISTS\n  if (is(node, \"BoolExpr\") && node.BoolExpr.boolop === \"NOT_EXPR\") {\n    const args = node.BoolExpr.args;\n    if (args && args.length === 1) {\n      const inner = args[0];\n      if (\n        isANode(inner) &&\n        is(inner, \"SubLink\") &&\n        inner.SubLink.subLinkType === \"ANY_SUBLINK\"\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"PREFER_NOT_EXISTS_OVER_NOT_IN\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Prefer NOT EXISTS over NOT IN (SELECT ...)\",\n          location: inner.SubLink.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect COUNT(column) or COUNT(1) — suggest COUNT(*)\n  if (is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const funcName = node.FuncCall.funcname;\n    const isCount =\n      funcName &&\n      funcName.length === 1 &&\n      is(funcName[0], \"String\") &&\n      funcName[0].String.sval === \"count\";\n\n    if (\n      isCount &&\n      node.FuncCall.args &&\n      !node.FuncCall.agg_star &&\n      !node.FuncCall.agg_distinct\n    ) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"PREFER_COUNT_STAR_OVER_COUNT_COLUMN\",\n        severity: \"INFO\",\n        message:\n          \"Prefer COUNT(*) over COUNT(column) or COUNT(1) — COUNT(*) counts rows without checking for NULLs. If you need to count non-NULL values, COUNT(column) is correct.\",\n        location: node.FuncCall.location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect non-aggregate conditions in HAVING clause\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.havingClause) {\n    if (!containsAggregate(node.SelectStmt.havingClause)) {\n      const having = node.SelectStmt.havingClause;\n      let location: number | undefined;\n      if (is(having, \"A_Expr\")) location = having.A_Expr.location;\n      else if (is(having, \"BoolExpr\")) location = having.BoolExpr.location;\n\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"PREFER_WHERE_OVER_HAVING_FOR_NON_AGGREGATES\",\n        severity: \"INFO\",\n        message: \"Non-aggregate condition in HAVING should be in WHERE\",\n        location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect JSONB set-returning functions in WHERE context\n  if (is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const inWhereClause = stack.some((item) => item === \"whereClause\");\n    if (inWhereClause && node.FuncCall.args) {\n      const name = getFuncName(node);\n      if (\n        name &&\n        JSONB_SET_RETURNING_FUNCTIONS.has(name) &&\n        containsColumnRef(node.FuncCall.args)\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"CONSIDER_JSONB_CONTAINMENT_OPERATOR\",\n          severity: \"INFO\",\n          message:\n            \"JSONB set-returning functions (e.g. jsonb_array_elements) cannot be used as an index access path. If the query checks for containment or key existence, GIN-compatible operators (@>, ?, ?|, ?&, @?, @@) may allow index usage.\",\n          location: node.FuncCall.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Too many parameters in a tuple\n  if (is(node, \"A_Expr\")) {\n    if (node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_IN\") {\n      let list: List | undefined;\n      if (node.A_Expr.lexpr && is(node.A_Expr.lexpr, \"List\")) {\n        list = node.A_Expr.lexpr.List;\n      } else if (node.A_Expr.rexpr && is(node.A_Expr.rexpr, \"List\")) {\n        list = node.A_Expr.rexpr.List;\n      }\n\n      if (list?.items && list.items.length >= 10) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"REPLACE_LARGE_IN_TUPLE_WITH_ANY_ARRAY\",\n          message:\n            \"`in (...)` queries with large tuples can often be replaced with `= ANY($1)` using a single parameter\",\n          severity: \"INFO\",\n          location: node.A_Expr.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect CASE inside aggregate functions (prefer FILTER)\n  if (is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const funcname =\n      node.FuncCall.funcname?.[0] &&\n      is(node.FuncCall.funcname[0], \"String\") &&\n      node.FuncCall.funcname[0].String.sval;\n\n    if (\n      funcname &&\n      [\"sum\", \"count\", \"avg\", \"min\", \"max\"].includes(funcname.toLowerCase())\n    ) {\n      const firstArg = node.FuncCall.args?.[0];\n      if (firstArg && isANode(firstArg) && is(firstArg, \"CaseExpr\")) {\n        const caseExpr = firstArg.CaseExpr;\n        // Only flag simple CASE expressions (single WHEN clause)\n        if (caseExpr.args && caseExpr.args.length === 1) {\n          // Check ELSE clause: must be absent, ELSE 0, or ELSE NULL\n          const defresult = caseExpr.defresult;\n          const isSimpleElse =\n            !defresult ||\n            (isANode(defresult) &&\n              is(defresult, \"A_Const\") &&\n              (defresult.A_Const.isnull !== undefined ||\n                (defresult.A_Const.ival !== undefined &&\n                  (defresult.A_Const.ival.ival === 0 ||\n                    defresult.A_Const.ival.ival === undefined))));\n\n          if (isSimpleElse) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"PREFER_FILTER_OVER_CASE_IN_AGGREGATE\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message:\n                \"Use FILTER (WHERE ...) instead of CASE inside aggregate functions\",\n              location: node.FuncCall.location,\n            });\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect UNION without ALL (implicit deduplication)\n  if (\n    is(node, \"SelectStmt\") &&\n    node.SelectStmt.op === \"SETOP_UNION\" &&\n    !node.SelectStmt.all\n  ) {\n    nudges.push({\n      kind: \"PREFER_UNION_ALL_OVER_UNION\",\n      severity: \"INFO\",\n      message:\n        \"UNION removes duplicates with an implicit sort — use UNION ALL if deduplication is not needed\",\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Detect COUNT(*)/COUNT(1) compared to 0 or 1 (existence check)\n  if (\n    is(node, \"A_Expr\") &&\n    node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_OP\" &&\n    node.A_Expr.name &&\n    node.A_Expr.name.length > 0\n  ) {\n    const opNode = node.A_Expr.name[0];\n    const op = is(opNode, \"String\") ? opNode.String.sval : null;\n\n    if (\n      op &&\n      isExistenceCheckPattern(node.A_Expr.lexpr, node.A_Expr.rexpr, op)\n    ) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"USE_EXISTS_NOT_COUNT_FOR_EXISTENCE_CHECK\",\n        severity: \"INFO\",\n        message: \"Use EXISTS instead of COUNT for existence checks\",\n        location: node.A_Expr.location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  return nudges;\n}\n\nfunction containsColumnRef(args: unknown[]): boolean {\n  // Recursively check if any argument contains a ColumnRef\n  for (const arg of args) {\n    if (hasColumnRefInNode(arg)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction hasColumnRefInNode(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"ColumnRef\")) {\n    return true;\n  }\n\n  if (typeof node !== \"object\" || node === null) {\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  if (Array.isArray(node)) {\n    return node.some((item) => hasColumnRefInNode(item));\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node)) {\n    const keys = Object.keys(node);\n    // @ts-expect-error | nodes don't allow dynamic access but it's the only way to do it\n    return hasColumnRefInNode(node[keys[0]]);\n  }\n\n  for (const child of Object.values(node)) {\n    if (hasColumnRefInNode(child)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction hasActualTablesInJoin(\n  joinExpr: Extract<Node, { JoinExpr: unknown }>,\n): boolean {\n  // Check left side of join\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg, \"RangeVar\")) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg, \"JoinExpr\")) {\n    if (hasActualTablesInJoin(joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Check right side of join\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg, \"RangeVar\")) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg, \"JoinExpr\")) {\n    if (hasActualTablesInJoin(joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction isNullConstant(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") {\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"A_Const\")) {\n    // Check if it's a NULL constant\n    return node.A_Const.isnull !== undefined;\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction getStringConstantValue(node: unknown): string | null {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") {\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"A_Const\") && node.A_Const.sval) {\n    return node.A_Const.sval.sval || null;\n  }\n\n  return null;\n}\n\nconst JSONB_SET_RETURNING_FUNCTIONS = new Set([\n  \"jsonb_array_elements\",\n  \"json_array_elements\",\n  \"jsonb_array_elements_text\",\n  \"json_array_elements_text\",\n  \"jsonb_each\",\n  \"json_each\",\n  \"jsonb_each_text\",\n  \"json_each_text\",\n]);\n\nfunction getFuncName(\n  node: Extract<Node, { FuncCall: unknown }>,\n): string | null {\n  const names = node.FuncCall.funcname;\n  if (!names || names.length === 0) return null;\n  const last = names[names.length - 1];\n  if (isANode(last) && is(last, \"String\") && last.String.sval) {\n    return last.String.sval;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nfunction getLastColumnRefField(\n  columnRef: Extract<Node, { ColumnRef: unknown }>,\n): string | null {\n  const fields = columnRef.ColumnRef.fields;\n  if (!fields || fields.length === 0) return null;\n\n  const lastField = fields[fields.length - 1];\n  if (isANode(lastField) && is(lastField, \"String\")) {\n    return lastField.String.sval || null;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nfunction whereHasIsNotNull(\n  whereClause: Node | undefined,\n  columnName: string,\n): boolean {\n  if (!whereClause) return false;\n\n  let found = false;\n  Walker.shallowMatch(whereClause, \"NullTest\", (node) => {\n    if (\n      node.NullTest.nulltesttype === \"IS_NOT_NULL\" &&\n      node.NullTest.arg &&\n      is(node.NullTest.arg, \"ColumnRef\")\n    ) {\n      const name = getLastColumnRefField(node.NullTest.arg);\n      if (name === columnName) {\n        found = true;\n      }\n    }\n  });\n\n  return found;\n}\n\nconst AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS = new Set([\n  \"count\",\n  \"sum\",\n  \"avg\",\n  \"min\",\n  \"max\",\n  \"array_agg\",\n  \"string_agg\",\n  \"bool_and\",\n  \"bool_or\",\n  \"every\",\n]);\n\nfunction containsAggregate(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") return false;\n\n  if (Array.isArray(node)) {\n    return node.some(containsAggregate);\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const funcname = node.FuncCall.funcname;\n    if (funcname) {\n      for (const f of funcname) {\n        if (\n          isANode(f) &&\n          is(f, \"String\") &&\n          AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS.has(f.String.sval?.toLowerCase() ?? \"\")\n        ) {\n          return true;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node)) {\n    const keys = Object.keys(node);\n    // @ts-expect-error | nodes don't allow dynamic access but it's the only way to do it\n    return containsAggregate(node[keys[0]]);\n  }\n\n  for (const child of Object.values(node)) {\n    if (containsAggregate(child)) return true;\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction countBoolOrConditions(\n  node: Extract<Node, { BoolExpr: unknown }>,\n): number {\n  if (node.BoolExpr.boolop !== \"OR_EXPR\" || !node.BoolExpr.args) {\n    return 1;\n  }\n\n  let count = 0;\n  for (const arg of node.BoolExpr.args) {\n    if (\n      isANode(arg) &&\n      is(arg, \"BoolExpr\") &&\n      arg.BoolExpr.boolop === \"OR_EXPR\"\n    ) {\n      count += countBoolOrConditions(arg);\n    } else {\n      count += 1;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return count;\n}\n\n/**\n * Check whether every leaf of a top-level OR expression references the same\n * left-hand column (e.g. `status = 'a' OR status = 'b' OR status = 'c'`).\n * Returns false when ORs span different columns — IN rewrite doesn't apply.\n */\nfunction allOrBranchesReferenceSameColumn(\n  node: Extract<Node, { BoolExpr: unknown }>,\n): boolean {\n  const columns = collectOrLeafColumns(node);\n  if (columns.length === 0) return false;\n  return columns.every((col) => col === columns[0]);\n}\n\nfunction collectOrLeafColumns(\n  node: Extract<Node, { BoolExpr: unknown }>,\n): string[] {\n  if (node.BoolExpr.boolop !== \"OR_EXPR\" || !node.BoolExpr.args) {\n    return [];\n  }\n\n  const columns: string[] = [];\n  for (const arg of node.BoolExpr.args) {\n    if (!isANode(arg)) continue;\n    if (is(arg, \"BoolExpr\") && arg.BoolExpr.boolop === \"OR_EXPR\") {\n      columns.push(...collectOrLeafColumns(arg));\n    } else if (is(arg, \"A_Expr\")) {\n      const col = getLeftColumnKey(arg);\n      if (col) {\n        columns.push(col);\n      } else {\n        // Non-column comparison — can't be rewritten as IN\n        return [];\n      }\n    } else {\n      // Non-A_Expr leaf (e.g. SubLink, BoolExpr AND) — not a simple OR chain\n      return [];\n    }\n  }\n  return columns;\n}\n\n/**\n * Get a string key for the left-hand column of an A_Expr equality comparison.\n * For `t1.col = value` returns `\"t1.col\"`, for `col = value` returns `\"col\"`.\n */\nfunction getLeftColumnKey(\n  expr: Extract<Node, { A_Expr: unknown }>,\n): string | null {\n  if (!expr.A_Expr.lexpr || !isANode(expr.A_Expr.lexpr)) return null;\n  if (!is(expr.A_Expr.lexpr, \"ColumnRef\")) return null;\n  const fields = expr.A_Expr.lexpr.ColumnRef.fields;\n  if (!fields) return null;\n  return fields\n    .filter(\n      (f): f is Extract<Node, { String: unknown }> =>\n        isANode(f) && is(f, \"String\"),\n    )\n    .map((f) => f.String.sval)\n    .join(\".\");\n}\n\n/**\n * Check if a WHERE clause contains an equality between columns from different\n * tables (indicating an old-style implicit join condition).\n */\nfunction whereHasCrossTableEquality(\n  whereClause: Node | undefined,\n  tableNames: Set<string>,\n): boolean {\n  if (!whereClause) return false;\n\n  if (isANode(whereClause) && is(whereClause, \"A_Expr\")) {\n    if (\n      whereClause.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_OP\" &&\n      whereClause.A_Expr.name?.some(\n        (n) => is(n, \"String\") && n.String.sval === \"=\",\n      )\n    ) {\n      const leftTable = getColumnRefTableQualifier(whereClause.A_Expr.lexpr);\n      const rightTable = getColumnRefTableQualifier(whereClause.A_Expr.rexpr);\n      if (\n        leftTable &&\n        rightTable &&\n        leftTable !== rightTable &&\n        tableNames.has(leftTable) &&\n        tableNames.has(rightTable)\n      ) {\n        return true;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Recurse into AND/OR boolean expressions\n  if (isANode(whereClause) && is(whereClause, \"BoolExpr\")) {\n    for (const arg of whereClause.BoolExpr.args ?? []) {\n      if (isANode(arg) && whereHasCrossTableEquality(arg, tableNames)) {\n        return true;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\n/**\n * Extract the table qualifier (first field) from a ColumnRef node.\n * e.g. `t1.uid` → `\"t1\"`, `uid` → null\n */\nfunction getColumnRefTableQualifier(node: unknown): string | null {\n  if (!node || !isANode(node as Node) || !is(node as Node, \"ColumnRef\"))\n    return null;\n  const fields = (node as Extract<Node, { ColumnRef: unknown }>).ColumnRef\n    .fields;\n  if (!fields || fields.length < 2) return null;\n  const first = fields[0];\n  if (isANode(first) && is(first, \"String\")) {\n    return first.String.sval || null;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nfunction isCountFuncCall(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") return false;\n  if (!isANode(node) || !is(node, \"FuncCall\")) return false;\n  const fc = node.FuncCall;\n  const isCount =\n    fc.funcname?.some((n) => is(n, \"String\") && n.String.sval === \"count\") ??\n    false;\n  if (!isCount) return false;\n  // COUNT(*) has agg_star\n  if (fc.agg_star) return true;\n  // COUNT(1) or COUNT(literal) — single constant argument\n  if (\n    fc.args &&\n    fc.args.length === 1 &&\n    isANode(fc.args[0]) &&\n    is(fc.args[0], \"A_Const\")\n  ) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction isSubLinkWithCount(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") return false;\n  if (!isANode(node) || !is(node, \"SubLink\")) return false;\n  const sub = node.SubLink;\n  const subselect = sub.subselect;\n  if (!subselect || !isANode(subselect) || !is(subselect, \"SelectStmt\"))\n    return false;\n  const targets = subselect.SelectStmt.targetList;\n  if (!targets || targets.length !== 1) return false;\n  const target = targets[0];\n  if (!isANode(target) || !is(target, \"ResTarget\") || !target.ResTarget.val)\n    return false;\n  return isCountFuncCall(target.ResTarget.val);\n}\n\nfunction isCountExpression(node: unknown): boolean {\n  return isCountFuncCall(node) || isSubLinkWithCount(node);\n}\n\nfunction getIntegerConstantValue(node: unknown): number | null {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") return null;\n  if (!isANode(node) || !is(node, \"A_Const\")) return null;\n  if (node.A_Const.ival === undefined) return null;\n  // protobuf: ival: {} means 0, ival: { ival: N } means N\n  return node.A_Const.ival.ival ?? 0;\n}\n\nfunction isExistenceCheckPattern(\n  lexpr: unknown,\n  rexpr: unknown,\n  op: string,\n): boolean {\n  // count_expr > 0, count_expr >= 1, count_expr != 0, count_expr <> 0\n  if (isCountExpression(lexpr)) {\n    const val = getIntegerConstantValue(rexpr);\n    if (val !== null) {\n      if (op === \">\" && val === 0) return true;\n      if (op === \">=\" && val === 1) return true;\n      if ((op === \"!=\" || op === \"<>\") && val === 0) return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Reversed: 0 < count_expr, 1 <= count_expr, 0 != count_expr\n  if (isCountExpression(rexpr)) {\n    const val = getIntegerConstantValue(lexpr);\n    if (val !== null) {\n      if (op === \"<\" && val === 0) return true;\n      if (op === \"<=\" && val === 1) return true;\n      if ((op === \"!=\" || op === \"<>\") && val === 0) return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return 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[]) {\n      if (\n        is(target, \"ResTarget\") &&\n        target.ResTarget.val &&\n        is(target.ResTarget.val, \"SubLink\") &&\n        target.ResTarget.val.SubLink.subLinkType === \"EXPR_SUBLINK\"\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_SCALAR_SUBQUERY_IN_SELECT\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message:\n            \"Avoid correlated scalar subqueries in SELECT; consider rewriting as a JOIN\",\n          location: target.ResTarget.val.SubLink.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect unbounded queries (missing WHERE or LIMIT on table queries)\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\")) {\n    // Only check top-level SELECT statements (not subqueries)\n    const isSubquery = stack.some(\n      (item) =>\n        item === \"RangeSubselect\" ||\n        item === \"SubLink\" ||\n        item === \"CommonTableExpr\",\n    );\n\n    if (!isSubquery) {\n      const hasFromClause =\n        node.SelectStmt.fromClause && node.SelectStmt.fromClause.length > 0;\n      if (hasFromClause) {\n        // Check if this SELECT queries actual tables (not just subqueries or CTEs)\n        const hasActualTables = node.SelectStmt.fromClause!.some((fromItem) => {\n          return (\n            is(fromItem, \"RangeVar\") ||\n            (is(fromItem, \"JoinExpr\") && hasActualTablesInJoin(fromItem))\n          );\n        });\n\n        if (hasActualTables) {\n          const firstTable = node.SelectStmt.fromClause!.find((item) =>\n            is(item, \"RangeVar\"),\n          );\n          const fromLocation = firstTable?.RangeVar.location;\n\n          if (!node.SelectStmt.whereClause) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"MISSING_WHERE_CLAUSE\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message: \"Missing WHERE clause\",\n              location: fromLocation,\n            });\n          }\n\n          // A bare aggregate select (aggregates in the target list, no GROUP BY)\n          // returns exactly one row, so a LIMIT adds nothing. Aggregates with\n          // GROUP BY can still return many rows and stay eligible.\n          const isBareAggregate =\n            !node.SelectStmt.groupClause?.length &&\n            containsAggregate(node.SelectStmt.targetList, true);\n\n          if (!node.SelectStmt.limitCount && !isBareAggregate) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"MISSING_LIMIT_CLAUSE\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message: \"Missing LIMIT clause\",\n              location: fromLocation,\n            });\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect LIMIT without ORDER BY (non-deterministic results)\n  // LIMIT ALL parses as limitCount with A_Const.isnull — exclude it\n  if (\n    is(node, \"SelectStmt\") &&\n    node.SelectStmt.limitCount &&\n    !isNullConstant(node.SelectStmt.limitCount) &&\n    !node.SelectStmt.sortClause\n  ) {\n    nudges.push({\n      kind: \"LIMIT_WITHOUT_ORDER_BY\",\n      severity: \"WARNING\",\n      message:\n        \"LIMIT without ORDER BY returns non-deterministic results — add ORDER BY for predictable output\",\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Detect ORDER BY DESC without explicit NULLS LAST (NULLs sort first by default)\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n    for (const sortItem of node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n      if (!is(sortItem, \"SortBy\")) continue;\n\n      const sortDir = sortItem.SortBy.sortby_dir ?? \"SORTBY_DEFAULT\";\n      const sortNulls = sortItem.SortBy.sortby_nulls ?? \"SORTBY_NULLS_DEFAULT\";\n\n      if (sortDir === \"SORTBY_DESC\" && sortNulls === \"SORTBY_NULLS_DEFAULT\") {\n        if (sortItem.SortBy.node && is(sortItem.SortBy.node, \"ColumnRef\")) {\n          const sortColumnName = getLastColumnRefField(sortItem.SortBy.node);\n\n          const hasIsNotNull =\n            sortColumnName !== null &&\n            whereHasIsNotNull(node.SelectStmt.whereClause, sortColumnName);\n\n          if (!hasIsNotNull) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"NULLS_FIRST_IN_DESC_ORDER\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message:\n                \"ORDER BY … DESC sorts NULLs first — add NULLS LAST to push them to the end\",\n              location: sortItem.SortBy.node.ColumnRef.location,\n            });\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect NULL comparison issues (= NULL instead of IS NULL)\n  if (is(node, \"A_Expr\")) {\n    const isEqualityOp =\n      node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_OP\" &&\n      node.A_Expr.name &&\n      node.A_Expr.name.length > 0 &&\n      is(node.A_Expr.name[0], \"String\") &&\n      (node.A_Expr.name[0].String.sval === \"=\" ||\n        node.A_Expr.name[0].String.sval === \"!=\" ||\n        node.A_Expr.name[0].String.sval === \"<>\");\n\n    if (isEqualityOp) {\n      const leftIsNull = isNullConstant(node.A_Expr.lexpr);\n      const rightIsNull = isNullConstant(node.A_Expr.rexpr);\n\n      if (leftIsNull || rightIsNull) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"USE_IS_NULL_NOT_EQUALS\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Use IS NULL instead of = or != or <> for NULL comparisons\",\n          location: node.A_Expr.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Detect LIKE with leading wildcards\n    const isLikeOp =\n      node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_LIKE\" || node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_ILIKE\";\n\n    if (isLikeOp && node.A_Expr.rexpr) {\n      const patternString = getStringConstantValue(node.A_Expr.rexpr);\n      if (patternString && patternString.startsWith(\"%\")) {\n        let stringNode: A_Const | undefined;\n        if (is(node.A_Expr.rexpr, \"A_Const\")) {\n          stringNode = node.A_Expr.rexpr.A_Const;\n        }\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_LEADING_WILDCARD_LIKE\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message:\n            \"Leading wildcard in LIKE/ILIKE prevents index usage — consider a GIN trigram index (pg_trgm) or full-text search\",\n          location: stringNode?.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect ORDER BY random()\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n    for (const sortItem of node.SelectStmt.sortClause) {\n      if (\n        is(sortItem, \"SortBy\") &&\n        sortItem.SortBy.node &&\n        is(sortItem.SortBy.node, \"FuncCall\") &&\n        sortItem.SortBy.node.FuncCall.funcname?.some(\n          (name) => is(name, \"String\") && name.String.sval === \"random\",\n        )\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"AVOID_ORDER_BY_RANDOM\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Avoid using ORDER BY random()\",\n          location: sortItem.SortBy.node.FuncCall.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect DISTINCT usage\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.distinctClause) {\n    nudges.push({\n      kind: \"AVOID_DISTINCT_WITHOUT_REASON\",\n      severity: \"WARNING\",\n      message: \"Avoid using DISTINCT without a reason\",\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Detect cartesian joins (missing JOIN conditions) and functions on columns in ON\n  if (is(node, \"JoinExpr\")) {\n    if (node.JoinExpr.quals) {\n      nudges.push(...findFuncCallsOnColumns(node.JoinExpr.quals));\n    } else if (!node.JoinExpr.usingClause) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"MISSING_JOIN_CONDITION\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message: \"Missing JOIN condition\",\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect multiple tables in FROM without explicit JOINs (old-style cartesian joins)\n  if (\n    is(node, \"SelectStmt\") &&\n    node.SelectStmt.fromClause &&\n    node.SelectStmt.fromClause.length > 1\n  ) {\n    // Check if there are multiple RangeVar (tables) directly in FROM clause\n    const tables = node.SelectStmt.fromClause.filter((item) =>\n      is(item, \"RangeVar\"),\n    );\n    if (tables.length > 1) {\n      // Collect table aliases/names for cross-table equality check\n      const tableNames = new Set(\n        tables.map(\n          (t) => t.RangeVar.alias?.aliasname || t.RangeVar.relname || \"\",\n        ),\n      );\n\n      // Don't fire if WHERE already has a cross-table equality (old-style implicit join)\n      if (\n        !whereHasCrossTableEquality(node.SelectStmt.whereClause, tableNames)\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"MISSING_JOIN_CONDITION\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Missing JOIN condition\",\n          location: tables[1].RangeVar.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect too many OR conditions on the same column\n  if (is(node, \"BoolExpr\") && node.BoolExpr.boolop === \"OR_EXPR\") {\n    const orCount = countBoolOrConditions(node);\n    if (orCount >= 3 && allOrBranchesReferenceSameColumn(node)) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"CONSIDER_IN_INSTEAD_OF_MANY_ORS\",\n        severity: \"WARNING\",\n        message: \"Consider using IN instead of many ORs\",\n        location: node.BoolExpr.location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect NOT IN (SELECT ...) — prefer NOT EXISTS\n  if (is(node, \"BoolExpr\") && node.BoolExpr.boolop === \"NOT_EXPR\") {\n    const args = node.BoolExpr.args;\n    if (args && args.length === 1) {\n      const inner = args[0];\n      if (\n        isANode(inner) &&\n        is(inner, \"SubLink\") &&\n        inner.SubLink.subLinkType === \"ANY_SUBLINK\"\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"PREFER_NOT_EXISTS_OVER_NOT_IN\",\n          severity: \"WARNING\",\n          message: \"Prefer NOT EXISTS over NOT IN (SELECT ...)\",\n          location: inner.SubLink.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect COUNT(column) or COUNT(1) — suggest COUNT(*)\n  if (is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const funcName = node.FuncCall.funcname;\n    const isCount =\n      funcName &&\n      funcName.length === 1 &&\n      is(funcName[0], \"String\") &&\n      funcName[0].String.sval === \"count\";\n\n    if (\n      isCount &&\n      node.FuncCall.args &&\n      !node.FuncCall.agg_star &&\n      !node.FuncCall.agg_distinct\n    ) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"PREFER_COUNT_STAR_OVER_COUNT_COLUMN\",\n        severity: \"INFO\",\n        message:\n          \"Prefer COUNT(*) over COUNT(column) or COUNT(1) — COUNT(*) counts rows without checking for NULLs. If you need to count non-NULL values, COUNT(column) is correct.\",\n        location: node.FuncCall.location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect non-aggregate conditions in HAVING clause\n  if (is(node, \"SelectStmt\") && node.SelectStmt.havingClause) {\n    if (!containsAggregate(node.SelectStmt.havingClause)) {\n      const having = node.SelectStmt.havingClause;\n      let location: number | undefined;\n      if (is(having, \"A_Expr\")) location = having.A_Expr.location;\n      else if (is(having, \"BoolExpr\")) location = having.BoolExpr.location;\n\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"PREFER_WHERE_OVER_HAVING_FOR_NON_AGGREGATES\",\n        severity: \"INFO\",\n        message: \"Non-aggregate condition in HAVING should be in WHERE\",\n        location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect JSONB set-returning functions in WHERE context\n  if (is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const inWhereClause = stack.some((item) => item === \"whereClause\");\n    if (inWhereClause && node.FuncCall.args) {\n      const name = getFuncName(node);\n      if (\n        name &&\n        JSONB_SET_RETURNING_FUNCTIONS.has(name) &&\n        containsColumnRef(node.FuncCall.args)\n      ) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"CONSIDER_JSONB_CONTAINMENT_OPERATOR\",\n          severity: \"INFO\",\n          message:\n            \"JSONB set-returning functions (e.g. jsonb_array_elements) cannot be used as an index access path. If the query checks for containment or key existence, GIN-compatible operators (@>, ?, ?|, ?&, @?, @@) may allow index usage.\",\n          location: node.FuncCall.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Too many parameters in a tuple\n  if (is(node, \"A_Expr\")) {\n    if (node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_IN\") {\n      let list: List | undefined;\n      if (node.A_Expr.lexpr && is(node.A_Expr.lexpr, \"List\")) {\n        list = node.A_Expr.lexpr.List;\n      } else if (node.A_Expr.rexpr && is(node.A_Expr.rexpr, \"List\")) {\n        list = node.A_Expr.rexpr.List;\n      }\n\n      if (list?.items && list.items.length >= 10) {\n        nudges.push({\n          kind: \"REPLACE_LARGE_IN_TUPLE_WITH_ANY_ARRAY\",\n          message:\n            \"`in (...)` queries with large tuples can often be replaced with `= ANY($1)` using a single parameter\",\n          severity: \"INFO\",\n          location: node.A_Expr.location,\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect CASE inside aggregate functions (prefer FILTER)\n  if (is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const funcname =\n      node.FuncCall.funcname?.[0] &&\n      is(node.FuncCall.funcname[0], \"String\") &&\n      node.FuncCall.funcname[0].String.sval;\n\n    if (\n      funcname &&\n      [\"sum\", \"count\", \"avg\", \"min\", \"max\"].includes(funcname.toLowerCase())\n    ) {\n      const firstArg = node.FuncCall.args?.[0];\n      if (firstArg && isANode(firstArg) && is(firstArg, \"CaseExpr\")) {\n        const caseExpr = firstArg.CaseExpr;\n        // Only flag simple CASE expressions (single WHEN clause)\n        if (caseExpr.args && caseExpr.args.length === 1) {\n          // Check ELSE clause: must be absent, ELSE 0, or ELSE NULL\n          const defresult = caseExpr.defresult;\n          const isSimpleElse =\n            !defresult ||\n            (isANode(defresult) &&\n              is(defresult, \"A_Const\") &&\n              (defresult.A_Const.isnull !== undefined ||\n                (defresult.A_Const.ival !== undefined &&\n                  (defresult.A_Const.ival.ival === 0 ||\n                    defresult.A_Const.ival.ival === undefined))));\n\n          if (isSimpleElse) {\n            nudges.push({\n              kind: \"PREFER_FILTER_OVER_CASE_IN_AGGREGATE\",\n              severity: \"INFO\",\n              message:\n                \"Use FILTER (WHERE ...) instead of CASE inside aggregate functions\",\n              location: node.FuncCall.location,\n            });\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Detect UNION without ALL (implicit deduplication)\n  if (\n    is(node, \"SelectStmt\") &&\n    node.SelectStmt.op === \"SETOP_UNION\" &&\n    !node.SelectStmt.all\n  ) {\n    nudges.push({\n      kind: \"PREFER_UNION_ALL_OVER_UNION\",\n      severity: \"INFO\",\n      message:\n        \"UNION removes duplicates with an implicit sort — use UNION ALL if deduplication is not needed\",\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Detect COUNT(*)/COUNT(1) compared to 0 or 1 (existence check)\n  if (\n    is(node, \"A_Expr\") &&\n    node.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_OP\" &&\n    node.A_Expr.name &&\n    node.A_Expr.name.length > 0\n  ) {\n    const opNode = node.A_Expr.name[0];\n    const op = is(opNode, \"String\") ? opNode.String.sval : null;\n\n    if (\n      op &&\n      isExistenceCheckPattern(node.A_Expr.lexpr, node.A_Expr.rexpr, op)\n    ) {\n      nudges.push({\n        kind: \"USE_EXISTS_NOT_COUNT_FOR_EXISTENCE_CHECK\",\n        severity: \"INFO\",\n        message: \"Use EXISTS instead of COUNT for existence checks\",\n        location: node.A_Expr.location,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  return nudges;\n}\n\nfunction containsColumnRef(args: unknown[]): boolean {\n  // Recursively check if any argument contains a ColumnRef\n  for (const arg of args) {\n    if (hasColumnRefInNode(arg)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction hasColumnRefInNode(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"ColumnRef\")) {\n    return true;\n  }\n\n  if (typeof node !== \"object\" || node === null) {\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  if (Array.isArray(node)) {\n    return node.some((item) => hasColumnRefInNode(item));\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node)) {\n    const keys = Object.keys(node);\n    // @ts-expect-error | nodes don't allow dynamic access but it's the only way to do it\n    return hasColumnRefInNode(node[keys[0]]);\n  }\n\n  for (const child of Object.values(node)) {\n    if (hasColumnRefInNode(child)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction hasActualTablesInJoin(\n  joinExpr: Extract<Node, { JoinExpr: unknown }>,\n): boolean {\n  // Check left side of join\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg, \"RangeVar\")) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg, \"JoinExpr\")) {\n    if (hasActualTablesInJoin(joinExpr.JoinExpr.larg)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Check right side of join\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg, \"RangeVar\")) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg && is(joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg, \"JoinExpr\")) {\n    if (hasActualTablesInJoin(joinExpr.JoinExpr.rarg)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction isNullConstant(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") {\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"A_Const\")) {\n    // Check if it's a NULL constant\n    return node.A_Const.isnull !== undefined;\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction getStringConstantValue(node: unknown): string | null {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") {\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"A_Const\") && node.A_Const.sval) {\n    return node.A_Const.sval.sval || null;\n  }\n\n  return null;\n}\n\nconst JSONB_SET_RETURNING_FUNCTIONS = new Set([\n  \"jsonb_array_elements\",\n  \"json_array_elements\",\n  \"jsonb_array_elements_text\",\n  \"json_array_elements_text\",\n  \"jsonb_each\",\n  \"json_each\",\n  \"jsonb_each_text\",\n  \"json_each_text\",\n]);\n\nfunction getFuncName(\n  node: Extract<Node, { FuncCall: unknown }>,\n): string | null {\n  const names = node.FuncCall.funcname;\n  if (!names || names.length === 0) return null;\n  const last = names[names.length - 1];\n  if (isANode(last) && is(last, \"String\") && last.String.sval) {\n    return last.String.sval;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nfunction getLastColumnRefField(\n  columnRef: Extract<Node, { ColumnRef: unknown }>,\n): string | null {\n  const fields = columnRef.ColumnRef.fields;\n  if (!fields || fields.length === 0) return null;\n\n  const lastField = fields[fields.length - 1];\n  if (isANode(lastField) && is(lastField, \"String\")) {\n    return lastField.String.sval || null;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nfunction whereHasIsNotNull(\n  whereClause: Node | undefined,\n  columnName: string,\n): boolean {\n  if (!whereClause) return false;\n\n  let found = false;\n  Walker.shallowMatch(whereClause, \"NullTest\", (node) => {\n    if (\n      node.NullTest.nulltesttype === \"IS_NOT_NULL\" &&\n      node.NullTest.arg &&\n      is(node.NullTest.arg, \"ColumnRef\")\n    ) {\n      const name = getLastColumnRefField(node.NullTest.arg);\n      if (name === columnName) {\n        found = true;\n      }\n    }\n  });\n\n  return found;\n}\n\nconst AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS = new Set([\n  \"count\",\n  \"sum\",\n  \"avg\",\n  \"min\",\n  \"max\",\n  \"array_agg\",\n  \"string_agg\",\n  \"bool_and\",\n  \"bool_or\",\n  \"every\",\n]);\n\nfunction containsAggregate(node: unknown, skipSubqueries = false): boolean {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") return false;\n\n  if (Array.isArray(node)) {\n    return node.some((child) => containsAggregate(child, skipSubqueries));\n  }\n\n  // A subquery's aggregate doesn't bound the enclosing query, so callers that\n  // reason about the enclosing statement (e.g. bare-aggregate detection) skip it.\n  if (skipSubqueries && isANode(node) && is(node, \"SubLink\")) {\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node) && is(node, \"FuncCall\")) {\n    const funcname = node.FuncCall.funcname;\n    if (funcname) {\n      for (const f of funcname) {\n        if (\n          isANode(f) &&\n          is(f, \"String\") &&\n          AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS.has(f.String.sval?.toLowerCase() ?? \"\")\n        ) {\n          return true;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (isANode(node)) {\n    const keys = Object.keys(node);\n    // @ts-expect-error | nodes don't allow dynamic access but it's the only way to do it\n    return containsAggregate(node[keys[0]], skipSubqueries);\n  }\n\n  for (const child of Object.values(node)) {\n    if (containsAggregate(child, skipSubqueries)) return true;\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction countBoolOrConditions(\n  node: Extract<Node, { BoolExpr: unknown }>,\n): number {\n  if (node.BoolExpr.boolop !== \"OR_EXPR\" || !node.BoolExpr.args) {\n    return 1;\n  }\n\n  let count = 0;\n  for (const arg of node.BoolExpr.args) {\n    if (\n      isANode(arg) &&\n      is(arg, \"BoolExpr\") &&\n      arg.BoolExpr.boolop === \"OR_EXPR\"\n    ) {\n      count += countBoolOrConditions(arg);\n    } else {\n      count += 1;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return count;\n}\n\n/**\n * Check whether every leaf of a top-level OR expression references the same\n * left-hand column (e.g. `status = 'a' OR status = 'b' OR status = 'c'`).\n * Returns false when ORs span different columns — IN rewrite doesn't apply.\n */\nfunction allOrBranchesReferenceSameColumn(\n  node: Extract<Node, { BoolExpr: unknown }>,\n): boolean {\n  const columns = collectOrLeafColumns(node);\n  if (columns.length === 0) return false;\n  return columns.every((col) => col === columns[0]);\n}\n\nfunction collectOrLeafColumns(\n  node: Extract<Node, { BoolExpr: unknown }>,\n): string[] {\n  if (node.BoolExpr.boolop !== \"OR_EXPR\" || !node.BoolExpr.args) {\n    return [];\n  }\n\n  const columns: string[] = [];\n  for (const arg of node.BoolExpr.args) {\n    if (!isANode(arg)) continue;\n    if (is(arg, \"BoolExpr\") && arg.BoolExpr.boolop === \"OR_EXPR\") {\n      columns.push(...collectOrLeafColumns(arg));\n    } else if (is(arg, \"A_Expr\")) {\n      const col = getLeftColumnKey(arg);\n      if (col) {\n        columns.push(col);\n      } else {\n        // Non-column comparison — can't be rewritten as IN\n        return [];\n      }\n    } else {\n      // Non-A_Expr leaf (e.g. SubLink, BoolExpr AND) — not a simple OR chain\n      return [];\n    }\n  }\n  return columns;\n}\n\n/**\n * Get a string key for the left-hand column of an A_Expr equality comparison.\n * For `t1.col = value` returns `\"t1.col\"`, for `col = value` returns `\"col\"`.\n */\nfunction getLeftColumnKey(\n  expr: Extract<Node, { A_Expr: unknown }>,\n): string | null {\n  if (!expr.A_Expr.lexpr || !isANode(expr.A_Expr.lexpr)) return null;\n  if (!is(expr.A_Expr.lexpr, \"ColumnRef\")) return null;\n  const fields = expr.A_Expr.lexpr.ColumnRef.fields;\n  if (!fields) return null;\n  return fields\n    .filter(\n      (f): f is Extract<Node, { String: unknown }> =>\n        isANode(f) && is(f, \"String\"),\n    )\n    .map((f) => f.String.sval)\n    .join(\".\");\n}\n\n/**\n * Check if a WHERE clause contains an equality between columns from different\n * tables (indicating an old-style implicit join condition).\n */\nfunction whereHasCrossTableEquality(\n  whereClause: Node | undefined,\n  tableNames: Set<string>,\n): boolean {\n  if (!whereClause) return false;\n\n  if (isANode(whereClause) && is(whereClause, \"A_Expr\")) {\n    if (\n      whereClause.A_Expr.kind === \"AEXPR_OP\" &&\n      whereClause.A_Expr.name?.some(\n        (n) => is(n, \"String\") && n.String.sval === \"=\",\n      )\n    ) {\n      const leftTable = getColumnRefTableQualifier(whereClause.A_Expr.lexpr);\n      const rightTable = getColumnRefTableQualifier(whereClause.A_Expr.rexpr);\n      if (\n        leftTable &&\n        rightTable &&\n        leftTable !== rightTable &&\n        tableNames.has(leftTable) &&\n        tableNames.has(rightTable)\n      ) {\n        return true;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Recurse into AND/OR boolean expressions\n  if (isANode(whereClause) && is(whereClause, \"BoolExpr\")) {\n    for (const arg of whereClause.BoolExpr.args ?? []) {\n      if (isANode(arg) && whereHasCrossTableEquality(arg, tableNames)) {\n        return true;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}\n\n/**\n * Extract the table qualifier (first field) from a ColumnRef node.\n * e.g. `t1.uid` → `\"t1\"`, `uid` → null\n */\nfunction getColumnRefTableQualifier(node: unknown): string | null {\n  if (!node || !isANode(node as Node) || !is(node as Node, \"ColumnRef\"))\n    return null;\n  const fields = (node as Extract<Node, { ColumnRef: unknown }>).ColumnRef\n    .fields;\n  if (!fields || fields.length < 2) return null;\n  const first = fields[0];\n  if (isANode(first) && is(first, \"String\")) {\n    return first.String.sval || null;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nfunction isCountFuncCall(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") return false;\n  if (!isANode(node) || !is(node, \"FuncCall\")) return false;\n  const fc = node.FuncCall;\n  const isCount =\n    fc.funcname?.some((n) => is(n, \"String\") && n.String.sval === \"count\") ??\n    false;\n  if (!isCount) return false;\n  // COUNT(*) has agg_star\n  if (fc.agg_star) return true;\n  // COUNT(1) or COUNT(literal) — single constant argument\n  if (\n    fc.args &&\n    fc.args.length === 1 &&\n    isANode(fc.args[0]) &&\n    is(fc.args[0], \"A_Const\")\n  ) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nfunction isSubLinkWithCount(node: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!node || typeof node !== \"object\") return false;\n  if (!isANode(node) || !is(node, \"SubLink\")) return false;\n  const sub = node.SubLink;\n  const subselect = sub.subselect;\n  if (!subselect || !isANode(subselect) || !is(subselect, \"SelectStmt\"))\n    return false;\n  const targets = subselect.SelectStmt.targetList;\n  if (!targets || targets.length !== 1) return false;\n  const target = targets[0];\n  if (!isANode(target) || !is(target, \"ResTarget\") || !target.ResTarget.val)\n    return false;\n  return isCountFuncCall(target.ResTarget.val);\n}\n\nfunction 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package/dist/sql/test-origin.cjs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"use client";
+//#region src/sql/test-origin.ts
+/**
+* Whether a query originated from a test file, decided from its SQLCommenter
+* `file` tag.
+*
+* The CI gate should never flag a query that no production route runs — e.g. a
+* read-back assertion in `tests/pg/postgres.test.ts` — yet before this such
+* queries had to be ignored one hash at a time (#3199). SQLCommenter already
+* carries the caller's file (surfaced in query detail per #2585); this reads it
+* so both the analyzer's gate and the server's alert engine can bucket
+* test-origin queries out with a single shared rule instead of drifting apart.
+*
+* Conservative by construction: the decision keys only off the `file` tag's
+* origin path. A query with no `file` tag is never test-origin, so untagged
+* codebases behave exactly as before.
+*/
+function isTestOriginQuery(tags) {
+	if (!tags) return false;
+	for (const tag of tags) {
+		if (tag.key !== "file") continue;
+		const originFile = tag.value.split(";")[0]?.trim();
+		if (originFile && isTestFilePath(originFile)) return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+/**
+* Whether a source path looks like a test file. Query Doctor analyzes clients in
+* any language, so this spans the common cross-language conventions rather than
+* assuming JS/TS — directory-scoped (`tests/`, `__tests__/`, `spec/`, `e2e/`,
+* Maven's `src/test/`) and filename-scoped (`*.test.*` / `*.spec.*`, Python
+* `test_*.py` / `*_test.py`, Go `*_test.go`, Ruby `*_test.rb` / `*_spec.rb`,
+* Java `*Test.java`). Anchored on path separators so `testimonials/user.ts` or
+* `latest/report.py` don't get mistaken for tests.
+*/
+function isTestFilePath(path) {
+	return TEST_PATH_PATTERNS.some((pattern) => pattern.test(path));
+}
+const TEST_PATH_PATTERNS = [
+	/(?:^|\/)(?:tests?|__tests__|specs?|e2e)\//i,
+	/(?:^|\/)src\/test\//i,
+	/\.(?:test|spec|e2e)\.[cm]?[jt]sx?$/i,
+	/(?:^|\/)(?:test_[^/]+|[^/]+_test|conftest)\.py$/i,
+	/_test\.go$/i,
+	/_(?:test|spec)\.rb$/i,
+	/Tests?\.(?:java|kt)$/
+];
+//#endregion
+exports.isTestFilePath = isTestFilePath;
+exports.isTestOriginQuery = isTestOriginQuery;
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=test-origin.cjs.map

package/dist/sql/test-origin.cjs.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"test-origin.cjs","names":[],"sources":["../../src/sql/test-origin.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import type { SQLCommenterTag } from \"./analyzer.js\";\n\n/**\n * Whether a query originated from a test file, decided from its SQLCommenter\n * `file` tag.\n *\n * The CI gate should never flag a query that no production route runs — e.g. a\n * read-back assertion in `tests/pg/postgres.test.ts` — yet before this such\n * queries had to be ignored one hash at a time (#3199). SQLCommenter already\n * carries the caller's file (surfaced in query detail per #2585); this reads it\n * so both the analyzer's gate and the server's alert engine can bucket\n * test-origin queries out with a single shared rule instead of drifting apart.\n *\n * Conservative by construction: the decision keys only off the `file` tag's\n * origin path. A query with no `file` tag is never test-origin, so untagged\n * codebases behave exactly as before.\n */\nexport function isTestOriginQuery(\n  tags: readonly SQLCommenterTag[] | undefined | null,\n): boolean {\n  if (!tags) return false;\n  for (const tag of tags) {\n    if (tag.key !== \"file\") continue;\n    // SQLCommenter can pack a caller stack into one `file` value, `;`-separated\n    // and most-specific-first (the frontend renders `files[0]` as the origin).\n    // The first entry is the query's own call site, so it decides origin — a\n    // production query that merely threads through a test helper deeper in the\n    // stack stays gated.\n    const originFile = tag.value.split(\";\")[0]?.trim();\n    if (originFile && isTestFilePath(originFile)) return true;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\n/**\n * Whether a source path looks like a test file. Query Doctor analyzes clients in\n * any language, so this spans the common cross-language conventions rather than\n * assuming JS/TS — directory-scoped (`tests/`, `__tests__/`, `spec/`, `e2e/`,\n * Maven's `src/test/`) and filename-scoped (`*.test.*` / `*.spec.*`, Python\n * `test_*.py` / `*_test.py`, Go `*_test.go`, Ruby `*_test.rb` / `*_spec.rb`,\n * Java `*Test.java`). Anchored on path separators so `testimonials/user.ts` or\n * `latest/report.py` don't get mistaken for tests.\n */\nexport function isTestFilePath(path: string): boolean {\n  return TEST_PATH_PATTERNS.some((pattern) => pattern.test(path));\n}\n\nconst TEST_PATH_PATTERNS: readonly RegExp[] = [\n  // A directory segment dedicated to tests, anywhere in the path.\n  /(?:^|\\/)(?:tests?|__tests__|specs?|e2e)\\//i,\n  // Maven/Gradle layout: src/test/java/...\n  /(?:^|\\/)src\\/test\\//i,\n  // JS/TS: foo.test.ts, foo.spec.tsx, foo.e2e.mts\n  /\\.(?:test|spec|e2e)\\.[cm]?[jt]sx?$/i,\n  // Python: test_foo.py, foo_test.py, conftest.py\n  /(?:^|\\/)(?:test_[^/]+|[^/]+_test|conftest)\\.py$/i,\n  // Go: foo_test.go\n  /_test\\.go$/i,\n  // Ruby: foo_test.rb, foo_spec.rb\n  /_(?:test|spec)\\.rb$/i,\n  // Java/Kotlin: FooTest.java, FooTests.kt\n  /Tests?\\.(?:java|kt)$/,\n];\n"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;AAiBA,SAAgB,kBACd,MACS;AACT,KAAI,CAAC,KAAM,QAAO;AAClB,MAAK,MAAM,OAAO,MAAM;AACtB,MAAI,IAAI,QAAQ,OAAQ;EAMxB,MAAM,aAAa,IAAI,MAAM,MAAM,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,MAAM;AAClD,MAAI,cAAc,eAAe,WAAW,CAAE,QAAO;;AAEvD,QAAO;;;;;;;;;;;AAYT,SAAgB,eAAe,MAAuB;AACpD,QAAO,mBAAmB,MAAM,YAAY,QAAQ,KAAK,KAAK,CAAC;;AAGjE,MAAM,qBAAwC;CAE5C;CAEA;CAEA;CAEA;CAEA;CAEA;CAEA;CACD"}

package/dist/sql/test-origin.d.cts

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+'use client';
+
+import { SQLCommenterTag } from "./analyzer.cjs";
+
+//#region src/sql/test-origin.d.ts
+/**
+ * Whether a query originated from a test file, decided from its SQLCommenter
+ * `file` tag.
+ *
+ * The CI gate should never flag a query that no production route runs — e.g. a
+ * read-back assertion in `tests/pg/postgres.test.ts` — yet before this such
+ * queries had to be ignored one hash at a time (#3199). SQLCommenter already
+ * carries the caller's file (surfaced in query detail per #2585); this reads it
+ * so both the analyzer's gate and the server's alert engine can bucket
+ * test-origin queries out with a single shared rule instead of drifting apart.
+ *
+ * Conservative by construction: the decision keys only off the `file` tag's
+ * origin path. A query with no `file` tag is never test-origin, so untagged
+ * codebases behave exactly as before.
+ */
+declare function isTestOriginQuery(tags: readonly SQLCommenterTag[] | undefined | null): boolean;
+/**
+ * Whether a source path looks like a test file. Query Doctor analyzes clients in
+ * any language, so this spans the common cross-language conventions rather than
+ * assuming JS/TS — directory-scoped (`tests/`, `__tests__/`, `spec/`, `e2e/`,
+ * Maven's `src/test/`) and filename-scoped (`*.test.*` / `*.spec.*`, Python
+ * `test_*.py` / `*_test.py`, Go `*_test.go`, Ruby `*_test.rb` / `*_spec.rb`,
+ * Java `*Test.java`). Anchored on path separators so `testimonials/user.ts` or
+ * `latest/report.py` don't get mistaken for tests.
+ */
+declare function isTestFilePath(path: string): boolean;
+//#endregion
+export { isTestFilePath, isTestOriginQuery };
+//# sourceMappingURL=test-origin.d.cts.map

package/dist/sql/test-origin.d.cts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"test-origin.d.cts","names":[],"sources":["../../src/sql/test-origin.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;AAiBA;;;;;AA0BA;;;;;;;iBA1BgB,iBAAA,CACd,IAAA,WAAe,eAAA;;;;;;;;;;iBAyBD,cAAA,CAAe,IAAA"}

package/dist/sql/test-origin.d.mts

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+'use client';
+
+import { SQLCommenterTag } from "./analyzer.mjs";
+
+//#region src/sql/test-origin.d.ts
+/**
+ * Whether a query originated from a test file, decided from its SQLCommenter
+ * `file` tag.
+ *
+ * The CI gate should never flag a query that no production route runs — e.g. a
+ * read-back assertion in `tests/pg/postgres.test.ts` — yet before this such
+ * queries had to be ignored one hash at a time (#3199). SQLCommenter already
+ * carries the caller's file (surfaced in query detail per #2585); this reads it
+ * so both the analyzer's gate and the server's alert engine can bucket
+ * test-origin queries out with a single shared rule instead of drifting apart.
+ *
+ * Conservative by construction: the decision keys only off the `file` tag's
+ * origin path. A query with no `file` tag is never test-origin, so untagged
+ * codebases behave exactly as before.
+ */
+declare function isTestOriginQuery(tags: readonly SQLCommenterTag[] | undefined | null): boolean;
+/**
+ * Whether a source path looks like a test file. Query Doctor analyzes clients in
+ * any language, so this spans the common cross-language conventions rather than
+ * assuming JS/TS — directory-scoped (`tests/`, `__tests__/`, `spec/`, `e2e/`,
+ * Maven's `src/test/`) and filename-scoped (`*.test.*` / `*.spec.*`, Python
+ * `test_*.py` / `*_test.py`, Go `*_test.go`, Ruby `*_test.rb` / `*_spec.rb`,
+ * Java `*Test.java`). Anchored on path separators so `testimonials/user.ts` or
+ * `latest/report.py` don't get mistaken for tests.
+ */
+declare function isTestFilePath(path: string): boolean;
+//#endregion
+export { isTestFilePath, isTestOriginQuery };
+//# sourceMappingURL=test-origin.d.mts.map

package/dist/sql/test-origin.d.mts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"test-origin.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../../src/sql/test-origin.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;AAiBA;;;;;AA0BA;;;;;;;iBA1BgB,iBAAA,CACd,IAAA,WAAe,eAAA;;;;;;;;;;iBAyBD,cAAA,CAAe,IAAA"}

package/dist/sql/test-origin.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+"use client";
+//#region src/sql/test-origin.ts
+/**
+* Whether a query originated from a test file, decided from its SQLCommenter
+* `file` tag.
+*
+* The CI gate should never flag a query that no production route runs — e.g. a
+* read-back assertion in `tests/pg/postgres.test.ts` — yet before this such
+* queries had to be ignored one hash at a time (#3199). SQLCommenter already
+* carries the caller's file (surfaced in query detail per #2585); this reads it
+* so both the analyzer's gate and the server's alert engine can bucket
+* test-origin queries out with a single shared rule instead of drifting apart.
+*
+* Conservative by construction: the decision keys only off the `file` tag's
+* origin path. A query with no `file` tag is never test-origin, so untagged
+* codebases behave exactly as before.
+*/
+function isTestOriginQuery(tags) {
+	if (!tags) return false;
+	for (const tag of tags) {
+		if (tag.key !== "file") continue;
+		const originFile = tag.value.split(";")[0]?.trim();
+		if (originFile && isTestFilePath(originFile)) return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+/**
+* Whether a source path looks like a test file. Query Doctor analyzes clients in
+* any language, so this spans the common cross-language conventions rather than
+* assuming JS/TS — directory-scoped (`tests/`, `__tests__/`, `spec/`, `e2e/`,
+* Maven's `src/test/`) and filename-scoped (`*.test.*` / `*.spec.*`, Python
+* `test_*.py` / `*_test.py`, Go `*_test.go`, Ruby `*_test.rb` / `*_spec.rb`,
+* Java `*Test.java`). Anchored on path separators so `testimonials/user.ts` or
+* `latest/report.py` don't get mistaken for tests.
+*/
+function isTestFilePath(path) {
+	return TEST_PATH_PATTERNS.some((pattern) => pattern.test(path));
+}
+const TEST_PATH_PATTERNS = [
+	/(?:^|\/)(?:tests?|__tests__|specs?|e2e)\//i,
+	/(?:^|\/)src\/test\//i,
+	/\.(?:test|spec|e2e)\.[cm]?[jt]sx?$/i,
+	/(?:^|\/)(?:test_[^/]+|[^/]+_test|conftest)\.py$/i,
+	/_test\.go$/i,
+	/_(?:test|spec)\.rb$/i,
+	/Tests?\.(?:java|kt)$/
+];
+//#endregion
+export { isTestFilePath, isTestOriginQuery };
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=test-origin.mjs.map

package/dist/sql/test-origin.mjs.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"test-origin.mjs","names":[],"sources":["../../src/sql/test-origin.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import type { SQLCommenterTag } from \"./analyzer.js\";\n\n/**\n * Whether a query originated from a test file, decided from its SQLCommenter\n * `file` tag.\n *\n * The CI gate should never flag a query that no production route runs — e.g. a\n * read-back assertion in `tests/pg/postgres.test.ts` — yet before this such\n * queries had to be ignored one hash at a time (#3199). SQLCommenter already\n * carries the caller's file (surfaced in query detail per #2585); this reads it\n * so both the analyzer's gate and the server's alert engine can bucket\n * test-origin queries out with a single shared rule instead of drifting apart.\n *\n * Conservative by construction: the decision keys only off the `file` tag's\n * origin path. A query with no `file` tag is never test-origin, so untagged\n * codebases behave exactly as before.\n */\nexport function isTestOriginQuery(\n  tags: readonly SQLCommenterTag[] | undefined | null,\n): boolean {\n  if (!tags) return false;\n  for (const tag of tags) {\n    if (tag.key !== \"file\") continue;\n    // SQLCommenter can pack a caller stack into one `file` value, `;`-separated\n    // and most-specific-first (the frontend renders `files[0]` as the origin).\n    // The first entry is the query's own call site, so it decides origin — a\n    // production query that merely threads through a test helper deeper in the\n    // stack stays gated.\n    const originFile = tag.value.split(\";\")[0]?.trim();\n    if (originFile && isTestFilePath(originFile)) return true;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\n/**\n * Whether a source path looks like a test file. Query Doctor analyzes clients in\n * any language, so this spans the common cross-language conventions rather than\n * assuming JS/TS — directory-scoped (`tests/`, `__tests__/`, `spec/`, `e2e/`,\n * Maven's `src/test/`) and filename-scoped (`*.test.*` / `*.spec.*`, Python\n * `test_*.py` / `*_test.py`, Go `*_test.go`, Ruby `*_test.rb` / `*_spec.rb`,\n * Java `*Test.java`). Anchored on path separators so `testimonials/user.ts` or\n * `latest/report.py` don't get mistaken for tests.\n */\nexport function isTestFilePath(path: string): boolean {\n  return TEST_PATH_PATTERNS.some((pattern) => pattern.test(path));\n}\n\nconst TEST_PATH_PATTERNS: readonly RegExp[] = [\n  // A directory segment dedicated to tests, anywhere in the path.\n  /(?:^|\\/)(?:tests?|__tests__|specs?|e2e)\\//i,\n  // Maven/Gradle layout: src/test/java/...\n  /(?:^|\\/)src\\/test\\//i,\n  // JS/TS: foo.test.ts, foo.spec.tsx, foo.e2e.mts\n  /\\.(?:test|spec|e2e)\\.[cm]?[jt]sx?$/i,\n  // Python: test_foo.py, foo_test.py, conftest.py\n  /(?:^|\\/)(?:test_[^/]+|[^/]+_test|conftest)\\.py$/i,\n  // Go: foo_test.go\n  /_test\\.go$/i,\n  // Ruby: foo_test.rb, foo_spec.rb\n  /_(?:test|spec)\\.rb$/i,\n  // Java/Kotlin: FooTest.java, FooTests.kt\n  /Tests?\\.(?:java|kt)$/,\n];\n"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;AAiBA,SAAgB,kBACd,MACS;AACT,KAAI,CAAC,KAAM,QAAO;AAClB,MAAK,MAAM,OAAO,MAAM;AACtB,MAAI,IAAI,QAAQ,OAAQ;EAMxB,MAAM,aAAa,IAAI,MAAM,MAAM,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,MAAM;AAClD,MAAI,cAAc,eAAe,WAAW,CAAE,QAAO;;AAEvD,QAAO;;;;;;;;;;;AAYT,SAAgB,eAAe,MAAuB;AACpD,QAAO,mBAAmB,MAAM,YAAY,QAAQ,KAAK,KAAK,CAAC;;AAGjE,MAAM,qBAAwC;CAE5C;CAEA;CAEA;CAEA;CAEA;CAEA;CAEA;CACD"}

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@query-doctor/core",
-  "version": "0.10.7",
+  "version": "0.10.9",
   "private": false,
   "description": "Core logic for Query Doctor",
   "license": "",