@quereus/quereus 0.2.1 → 0.4.5

package/src/schema/manager.ts

@@ -1,709 +1,742 @@
-import { Schema } from './schema.js';
-import type { Database } from '../core/database.js';
-import type { TableSchema, RowConstraintSchema, IndexSchema } from './table.js';
-import type { FunctionSchema } from './function.js';
-import { quereusError, QuereusError } from '../common/errors.js';
-import { StatusCode, type SqlValue } from '../common/types.js';
-import type { VirtualTableModule, BaseModuleConfig } from '../vtab/module.js';
-import type { VirtualTable } from '../vtab/table.js';
-import type { ColumnSchema } from './column.js';
-import { buildColumnIndexMap, columnDefToSchema, findPKDefinition, opsToMask } from './table.js';
-import type { ViewSchema } from './view.js';
-import { createLogger } from '../common/logger.js';
-import type * as AST from '../parser/ast.js';
-import { SchemaChangeNotifier } from './change-events.js';
-
-const log = createLogger('schema:manager');
-const warnLog = log.extend('warn');
-const errorLog = log.extend('error');
-
-/**
- * Generic options passed to VTab modules during CREATE TABLE.
- * Modules are responsible for interpreting these.
- */
-export interface GenericModuleCallOptions extends BaseModuleConfig {
-	moduleArgs?: readonly string[];
-	statementColumns?: readonly AST.ColumnDef[];
-	statementConstraints?: readonly AST.TableConstraint[];
-	isTemporary?: boolean;
-}
-
-/**
- * Manages all schemas associated with a database connection (main, temp, attached).
- * Handles lookup resolution according to SQLite's rules.
- */
-export class SchemaManager {
-	private schemas: Map<string, Schema> = new Map();
-	private currentSchemaName: string = 'main';
-	private modules: Map<string, { module: VirtualTableModule<any, any>, auxData?: unknown }> = new Map();
-	private defaultVTabModuleName: string = 'memory';
-	private defaultVTabModuleArgs: Record<string, SqlValue> = {};
-	private db: Database;
-	private changeNotifier = new SchemaChangeNotifier();
-
-	/**
-	 * Creates a new schema manager
-	 *
-	 * @param db Reference to the parent Database instance
-	 */
-	constructor(db: Database) {
-		this.db = db;
-		// Ensure 'main' and 'temp' schemas always exist
-		this.schemas.set('main', new Schema('main'));
-		this.schemas.set('temp', new Schema('temp'));
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets the current default schema for unqualified names
-	 *
-	 * @param name Schema name to set as current
-	 */
-	setCurrentSchema(name: string): void {
-		if (this.schemas.has(name.toLowerCase())) {
-			this.currentSchemaName = name.toLowerCase();
-		} else {
-			warnLog(`Attempted to set current schema to non-existent schema: %s`, name);
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Gets the name of the current default schema
-	 *
-	 * @returns Current schema name
-	 */
-	getCurrentSchemaName(): string {
-		return this.currentSchemaName;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Registers a virtual table module
-	 *
-	 * @param name Module name
-	 * @param module Module implementation
-	 * @param auxData Optional client data associated with the module registration
-	 */
-	registerModule(name: string, module: VirtualTableModule<any, any>, auxData?: unknown): void {
-		const lowerName = name.toLowerCase();
-		if (this.modules.has(lowerName)) {
-			warnLog(`Replacing existing virtual table module: %s`, lowerName);
-		}
-		this.modules.set(lowerName, { module, auxData });
-		log(`Registered VTab module: %s`, lowerName);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Retrieves a registered virtual table module by name
-	 *
-	 * @param name Module name to look up
-	 * @returns The module and its auxData, or undefined if not found
-	 */
-	getModule(name: string): { module: VirtualTableModule<any, any>, auxData?: unknown } | undefined {
-		return this.modules.get(name.toLowerCase());
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Sets the default virtual table module to use when USING is omitted
-	 *
-	 * @param name Module name. Must be a registered module.
-	 * @throws QuereusError if the module name is not registered
-	 */
-	setDefaultVTabModuleName(name: string): void {
-		const lowerName = name.toLowerCase();
-		if (this.modules.has(lowerName)) {
-			this.defaultVTabModuleName = lowerName;
-			log(`Default VTab module name set to: %s`, lowerName);
-		} else {
-			warnLog(`Setting default VTab module to '${lowerName}', which is not currently registered in SchemaManager. Ensure it gets registered.`);
-			this.defaultVTabModuleName = lowerName;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Gets the currently configured default virtual table module name
-	 *
-	 * @returns The default module name
-	 */
-	getDefaultVTabModuleName(): string {
-		return this.defaultVTabModuleName;
-	}
-
-	/** @internal Sets the default VTab args directly */
-	setDefaultVTabArgs(args: Record<string, SqlValue>): void {
-		this.defaultVTabModuleArgs = args;
-		log('Default VTab module args set to: %o', args);
-	}
-
-	/** @internal Sets the default VTab args by parsing a JSON string */
-	setDefaultVTabArgsFromJson(argsJsonString: string): void {
-		try {
-			const parsedArgs = JSON.parse(argsJsonString);
-			if (typeof parsedArgs !== 'object') {
-				quereusError("JSON value must be an object.", StatusCode.MISUSE);
-			}
-			this.setDefaultVTabArgs(parsedArgs);
-		} catch (e) {
-			const msg = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
-			quereusError(`Invalid JSON for default_vtab_args: ${msg}`, StatusCode.ERROR);
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Gets the default virtual table module arguments.
-	 * @returns A copy of the default arguments array.
-	 */
-	getDefaultVTabArgs(): Record<string, SqlValue> {
-		return { ...this.defaultVTabModuleArgs };
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Gets the default virtual table module name and arguments.
-	 * @returns An object containing the module name and arguments.
-	 */
-	getDefaultVTabModule(): { name: string; args: Record<string, SqlValue> } {
-		return {
-			name: this.defaultVTabModuleName,
-			args: this.defaultVTabModuleArgs,
-		};
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Gets a specific schema by name
-	 *
-	 * @param name Schema name to retrieve
-	 * @returns The schema or undefined if not found
-	 */
-	getSchema(name: string): Schema | undefined {
-		return this.schemas.get(name.toLowerCase());
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Gets the 'main' schema
-	 *
-	 * @returns The main schema
-	 */
-	getMainSchema(): Schema {
-		return this.schemas.get('main')!;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Gets the 'temp' schema
-	 *
-	 * @returns The temp schema
-	 */
-	getTempSchema(): Schema {
-		return this.schemas.get('temp')!;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @internal Returns iterator over all managed schemas
-	 */
-	_getAllSchemas(): IterableIterator<Schema> {
-		return this.schemas.values();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Gets the schema change notifier for listening to schema changes
-	 */
-	getChangeNotifier(): SchemaChangeNotifier {
-		return this.changeNotifier;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Adds a new schema (e.g., for ATTACH)
-	 *
-	 * @param name Name of the schema to add
-	 * @returns The newly created schema
-	 * @throws QuereusError if the name conflicts with an existing schema
-	 */
-	addSchema(name: string): Schema {
-		const lowerName = name.toLowerCase();
-		if (this.schemas.has(lowerName)) {
-			throw new QuereusError(`Schema '${name}' already exists`, StatusCode.ERROR);
-		}
-		const schema = new Schema(name);
-		this.schemas.set(lowerName, schema);
-		log(`Added schema '%s'`, name);
-		return schema;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Removes a schema (e.g., for DETACH)
-	 *
-	 * @param name Name of the schema to remove
-	 * @returns true if found and removed, false otherwise
-	 * @throws QuereusError if attempting to remove 'main' or 'temp'
-	 */
-	removeSchema(name: string): boolean {
-		const lowerName = name.toLowerCase();
-		if (lowerName === 'main' || lowerName === 'temp') {
-			throw new QuereusError(`Cannot detach schema '${name}'`, StatusCode.ERROR);
-		}
-		const schema = this.schemas.get(lowerName);
-		if (schema) {
-			schema.clearFunctions();
-			schema.clearTables();
-			schema.clearViews();
-			this.schemas.delete(lowerName);
-			log(`Removed schema '%s'`, name);
-			return true;
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @internal Finds a table or virtual table by name across schemas
-	 */
-	_findTable(tableName: string, dbName?: string): TableSchema | undefined {
-		const lowerTableName = tableName.toLowerCase();
-
-
-
-		if (dbName) {
-			// Search specific schema
-			const schema = this.schemas.get(dbName.toLowerCase());
-			return schema?.getTable(lowerTableName);
-		} else {
-			// Search order: main, then temp (and attached later)
-			const mainSchema = this.schemas.get('main');
-			let table = mainSchema?.getTable(lowerTableName);
-			if (table) return table;
-
-			const tempSchema = this.schemas.get('temp');
-			table = tempSchema?.getTable(lowerTableName);
-			return table;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Finds a table by name, searching schemas according to SQLite rules
-	 *
-	 * @param tableName Name of the table
-	 * @param dbName Optional specific schema name to search
-	 * @returns The TableSchema or undefined if not found
-	 */
-	findTable(tableName: string, dbName?: string): TableSchema | undefined {
-		return this._findTable(tableName, dbName);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Finds a function by name and arg count, searching schemas
-	 *
-	 * @param funcName Name of the function
-	 * @param nArg Number of arguments
-	 * @returns The FunctionSchema or undefined if not found
-	 */
-	findFunction(funcName: string, nArg: number): FunctionSchema | undefined {
-		return this.getMainSchema().getFunction(funcName, nArg);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Retrieves a view schema definition
-	 *
-	 * @param schemaName The name of the schema ('main', 'temp', etc.). Defaults to current schema
-	 * @param viewName The name of the view
-	 * @returns The ViewSchema or undefined if not found
-	 */
-	getView(schemaName: string | null, viewName: string): ViewSchema | undefined {
-		const targetSchemaName = schemaName ?? this.currentSchemaName;
-		const schema = this.schemas.get(targetSchemaName);
-		return schema?.getView(viewName);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Retrieves any schema item (table or view) by name. Checks views first
-	 *
-	 * @param schemaName The name of the schema ('main', 'temp', etc.). Defaults to current schema
-	 * @param itemName The name of the table or view
-	 * @returns The TableSchema or ViewSchema, or undefined if not found
-	 */
-	getSchemaItem(schemaName: string | null, itemName: string): TableSchema | ViewSchema | undefined {
-		const targetSchemaName = schemaName ?? this.currentSchemaName;
-		const schema = this.schemas.get(targetSchemaName);
-		if (!schema) return undefined;
-
-		// Prioritize views over tables if names conflict
-		const view = schema.getView(itemName);
-		if (view) return view;
-		return schema.getTable(itemName);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Drops a table from the specified schema
-	 *
-	 * @param schemaName The name of the schema
-	 * @param tableName The name of the table to drop
-	 * @param ifExists If true, do not throw an error if the table does not exist.
-	 * @returns True if the table was found and dropped, false otherwise.
-	 */
-	dropTable(schemaName: string, tableName: string, ifExists: boolean = false): boolean {
-		const schema = this.schemas.get(schemaName.toLowerCase()); // Ensure schemaName is lowercased for lookup
-		if (!schema) {
-			if (ifExists) return false; // Schema not found, but IF EXISTS specified
-			throw new QuereusError(`Schema not found: ${schemaName}`, StatusCode.ERROR);
-		}
-
-		const tableSchema = schema.getTable(tableName); // getTable should handle case-insensitivity
-
-		if (!tableSchema) {
-			if (ifExists) {
-				log(`Table %s.%s not found, but IF EXISTS was specified.`, schemaName, tableName);
-				return false; // Not found, but IF EXISTS means no error, not dropped.
-			}
-			throw new QuereusError(`Table ${tableName} not found in schema ${schemaName}`, StatusCode.NOTFOUND);
-		}
-
-		let destroyPromise: Promise<void> | null = null;
-
-		// Call xDestroy on the module, providing table details
-		if (tableSchema.vtabModuleName) { // tableSchema is guaranteed to be defined here
-			const moduleRegistration = this.getModule(tableSchema.vtabModuleName);
-			if (moduleRegistration && moduleRegistration.module && moduleRegistration.module.xDestroy) {
-				log(`Calling xDestroy for VTab %s.%s via module %s`, schemaName, tableName, tableSchema.vtabModuleName);
-				destroyPromise = moduleRegistration.module.xDestroy(
-					this.db,
-					moduleRegistration.auxData,
-					tableSchema.vtabModuleName,
-					schemaName,
-					tableName
-				).catch(err => {
-					errorLog(`Error during VTab module xDestroy for %s.%s: %O`, schemaName, tableName, err);
-					// Potentially re-throw or handle as a critical error if xDestroy failure is problematic
-				});
-			} else {
-				warnLog(`VTab module %s (for table %s.%s) or its xDestroy method not found during dropTable.`, tableSchema.vtabModuleName, schemaName, tableName);
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Remove from schema map immediately
-		const removed = schema.removeTable(tableName);
-		if (!removed && !ifExists) {
-			// This should ideally not be reached if tableSchema was found above.
-			// But as a safeguard if removeTable could fail for other reasons.
-			throw new QuereusError(`Failed to remove table ${tableName} from schema ${schemaName}, though it was initially found.`, StatusCode.INTERNAL);
-		}
-
-		// Notify schema change listeners if table was removed
-		if (removed) {
-			this.changeNotifier.notifyChange({
-				type: 'table_removed',
-				schemaName: schemaName,
-				objectName: tableName,
-				oldObject: tableSchema
-			});
-		}
-
-		// Process destruction asynchronously
-		if (destroyPromise) {
-			void destroyPromise.then(() => log(`xDestroy completed for VTab %s.%s`, schemaName, tableName));
-		}
-
-		return removed; // True if removed from schema, false if not found and ifExists was true.
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Drops a view from the specified schema
-	 *
-	 * @param schemaName The name of the schema
-	 * @param viewName The name of the view to drop
-	 * @returns True if the view was found and dropped, false otherwise
-	 */
-	dropView(schemaName: string, viewName: string): boolean {
-		const schema = this.schemas.get(schemaName);
-		if (!schema) return false;
-		return schema.removeView(viewName);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Clears all schema items (tables, functions, views)
-	 */
-	clearAll(): void {
-		this.schemas.forEach(schema => {
-			schema.clearTables();
-			schema.clearFunctions();
-			schema.clearViews();
-		});
-		log("Cleared all schemas.");
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Retrieves a schema object, throwing if it doesn't exist
-	 *
-	 * @param name Schema name ('main', 'temp', or custom). Case-insensitive
-	 * @returns The Schema object
-	 * @throws QuereusError if the schema does not exist
-	 */
-	getSchemaOrFail(name: string): Schema {
-		const schema = this.schemas.get(name.toLowerCase());
-		if (!schema) {
-			throw new QuereusError(`Schema not found: ${name}`);
-		}
-		return schema;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Retrieves a table from the specified schema
-	 *
-	 * @param schemaName The name of the schema ('main', 'temp', etc.). Defaults to current schema
-	 * @param tableName The name of the table
-	 * @returns The TableSchema or undefined if not found
-	 */
-	getTable(schemaName: string | undefined, tableName: string): TableSchema | undefined {
-		const targetSchemaName = schemaName ?? this.currentSchemaName;
-		const schema = this.schemas.get(targetSchemaName);
-		return schema?.getTable(tableName);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Creates a new index on an existing table based on an AST.CreateIndexStmt.
-	 * This method validates the index definition and calls the virtual table's xCreateIndex method.
-	 *
-	 * @param stmt The AST node for the CREATE INDEX statement.
-	 * @returns A Promise that resolves when the index is created.
-	 * @throws QuereusError on errors (e.g., table not found, column not found, xCreateIndex fails).
-	 */
-	async createIndex(stmt: AST.CreateIndexStmt): Promise<void> {
-		const targetSchemaName = stmt.table.schema || this.getCurrentSchemaName();
-		const tableName = stmt.table.name;
-		const indexName = stmt.index.name;
-
-		// Find the table schema
-		const tableSchema = this.getTable(targetSchemaName, tableName);
-		if (!tableSchema) {
-			throw new QuereusError(`no such table: ${tableName}`, StatusCode.ERROR, undefined, stmt.table.loc?.start.line, stmt.table.loc?.start.column);
-		}
-
-		// Check if the virtual table module supports xCreateIndex
-		if (!tableSchema.vtabModule.xCreateIndex) {
-			throw new QuereusError(`Virtual table module '${tableSchema.vtabModuleName}' for table '${tableName}' does not support CREATE INDEX.`, StatusCode.ERROR, undefined, stmt.table.loc?.start.line, stmt.table.loc?.start.column);
-		}
-
-		// Check if index already exists (if not IF NOT EXISTS)
-		const existingIndex = tableSchema.indexes?.find(idx => idx.name.toLowerCase() === indexName.toLowerCase());
-		if (existingIndex) {
-			if (stmt.ifNotExists) {
-				log(`Skipping CREATE INDEX: Index %s.%s already exists (IF NOT EXISTS).`, targetSchemaName, indexName);
-				return;
-			} else {
-				throw new QuereusError(`Index ${indexName} already exists on table ${tableName}`, StatusCode.CONSTRAINT, undefined, stmt.index.loc?.start.line, stmt.index.loc?.start.column);
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Convert AST columns to IndexSchema columns
-		const indexColumns = stmt.columns.map((indexedCol: AST.IndexedColumn) => {
-			if (indexedCol.expr) {
-				throw new QuereusError(`Indices on expressions are not supported yet.`, StatusCode.ERROR, undefined, indexedCol.expr.loc?.start.line, indexedCol.expr.loc?.start.column);
-			}
-			const colName = indexedCol.name;
-			if (!colName) {
-				// Should not happen if expr is checked first
-				throw new QuereusError(`Indexed column must be a simple column name.`, StatusCode.ERROR);
-			}
-			const tableColIndex = tableSchema.columnIndexMap.get(colName.toLowerCase());
-			if (tableColIndex === undefined) {
-				throw new QuereusError(`Column '${colName}' not found in table '${tableName}'`, StatusCode.ERROR, undefined, stmt.loc?.start.line, stmt.loc?.start.column);
-			}
-			const tableColSchema = tableSchema.columns[tableColIndex];
-			return {
-				index: tableColIndex,
-				desc: indexedCol.direction === 'desc',
-				collation: indexedCol.collation || tableColSchema.collation // Use specified collation or inherit from table column
-			};
-		});
-
-		// Construct the IndexSchema object
-		const indexSchema: IndexSchema = {
-			name: indexName,
-			columns: Object.freeze(indexColumns),
-		};
-
-		try {
-			// Call xCreateIndex on the virtual table module
-			await tableSchema.vtabModule.xCreateIndex(
-				this.db,
-				targetSchemaName,
-				tableName,
-				indexSchema
-			);
-
-			// Update the table schema with the new index by creating a new schema object
-			const updatedIndexes = [...(tableSchema.indexes || []), indexSchema];
-			const updatedTableSchema: TableSchema = {
-				...tableSchema,
-				indexes: Object.freeze(updatedIndexes),
-			};
-
-			// Replace the table schema in the schema
-			const schema = this.getSchemaOrFail(targetSchemaName);
-			schema.addTable(updatedTableSchema);
-
-			log(`Successfully created index %s on table %s.%s`, indexName, targetSchemaName, tableName);
-		} catch (e: unknown) {
-			const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
-			const code = e instanceof QuereusError ? e.code : StatusCode.ERROR;
-			throw new QuereusError(`xCreateIndex failed for index '${indexName}' on table '${tableName}': ${message}`, code, e instanceof Error ? e : undefined, stmt.loc?.start.line, stmt.loc?.start.column);
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Defines a new table in the schema based on an AST.CreateTableStmt.
-	 * This method encapsulates the logic for interacting with VTab modules (xCreate)
-	 * and registering the new table schema.
-	 *
-	 * @param stmt The AST node for the CREATE TABLE statement.
-	 * @returns A Promise that resolves to the created TableSchema.
-	 * @throws QuereusError on errors (e.g., module not found, xCreate fails, table exists).
-	 */
-	async createTable(stmt: AST.CreateTableStmt): Promise<TableSchema> {
-		const targetSchemaName = stmt.table.schema || this.getCurrentSchemaName();
-		const tableName = stmt.table.name;
-		let moduleName: string;
-		let effectiveModuleArgs: Record<string, SqlValue>;
-
-		if (stmt.moduleName) {
-			moduleName = stmt.moduleName;
-			effectiveModuleArgs = Object.freeze(stmt.moduleArgs || {});
-		} else {
-			const defaultVtab = this.getDefaultVTabModule();
-			moduleName = defaultVtab.name;
-			effectiveModuleArgs = Object.freeze(defaultVtab.args || {});
-		}
-
-		const moduleInfo = this.getModule(moduleName);
-		if (!moduleInfo || !moduleInfo.module) {
-			throw new QuereusError(`No virtual table module named '${moduleName}'`, StatusCode.ERROR, undefined, stmt.loc?.start.line, stmt.loc?.start.column);
-		}
-
-		const astColumnsToProcess = stmt.columns || [];
-		const astConstraintsToProcess = stmt.constraints;
-
-		// Get default nullability setting from database options
-		const defaultNullability = this.db.options.getStringOption('default_column_nullability');
-		const defaultNotNull = defaultNullability === 'not_null';
-
-		const preliminaryColumnSchemas: ColumnSchema[] = astColumnsToProcess.map(colDef => columnDefToSchema(colDef, defaultNotNull));
-		const pkDefinition = findPKDefinition(preliminaryColumnSchemas, astConstraintsToProcess);
-
-		const finalColumnSchemas = preliminaryColumnSchemas.map((col, idx) => {
-			const isPkColumn = pkDefinition.some(pkCol => pkCol.index === idx);
-			let pkOrder = 0;
-			if (isPkColumn) {
-				pkOrder = pkDefinition.findIndex(pkC => pkC.index === idx) + 1;
-			}
-			return {
-				...col,
-				primaryKey: isPkColumn,
-				pkOrder: pkOrder,
-				notNull: isPkColumn ? true : col.notNull,
-			};
-		});
-
-		const checkConstraintsSchema: RowConstraintSchema[] = [];
-		astColumnsToProcess.forEach(colDef => {
-			colDef.constraints?.forEach(con => {
-				if (con.type === 'check' && con.expr) {
-					checkConstraintsSchema.push({
-						name: con.name ?? `_check_${colDef.name}`,
-						expr: con.expr,
-						operations: opsToMask(con.operations)
-					});
-				}
-			});
-		});
-		(astConstraintsToProcess || []).forEach(con => {
-			if (con.type === 'check' && con.expr) {
-				checkConstraintsSchema.push({
-					name: con.name,
-					expr: con.expr,
-					operations: opsToMask(con.operations)
-				});
-			}
-		});
-
-		const baseTableSchema: TableSchema = {
-			name: tableName,
-			schemaName: targetSchemaName,
-			columns: Object.freeze(finalColumnSchemas),
-			columnIndexMap: buildColumnIndexMap(finalColumnSchemas),
-			primaryKeyDefinition: pkDefinition,
-			checkConstraints: Object.freeze(checkConstraintsSchema),
-			isTemporary: !!stmt.isTemporary,
-			isView: false,
-			vtabModuleName: moduleName,
-			vtabArgs: effectiveModuleArgs,
-			vtabModule: moduleInfo.module,
-			vtabAuxData: moduleInfo.auxData,
-			estimatedRows: 0,
-		};
-
-		let tableInstance: VirtualTable;
-		try {
-			tableInstance = moduleInfo.module.xCreate(
-				this.db,
-				baseTableSchema
-			);
-		} catch (e: unknown) {
-			const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
-			const code = e instanceof QuereusError ? e.code : StatusCode.ERROR;
-			throw new QuereusError(`Module '${moduleName}' xCreate failed for table '${tableName}': ${message}`, code, e instanceof Error ? e : undefined, stmt.loc?.start.line, stmt.loc?.start.column);
-		}
-
-		const schema = this.getSchema(targetSchemaName);
-		if (!schema) {
-			throw new QuereusError(`Internal error: Schema '${targetSchemaName}' not found.`, StatusCode.INTERNAL);
-		}
-
-		const finalRegisteredSchema = tableInstance.tableSchema;
-		if (!finalRegisteredSchema) {
-			throw new QuereusError(`Module '${moduleName}' xCreate did not provide a tableSchema for '${tableName}'.`, StatusCode.INTERNAL);
-		}
-
-		// Create a properly typed schema object instead of mutating properties
-		let correctedSchema = finalRegisteredSchema;
-		if (finalRegisteredSchema.name.toLowerCase() !== tableName.toLowerCase() ||
-			finalRegisteredSchema.schemaName.toLowerCase() !== targetSchemaName.toLowerCase()) {
-			warnLog(`Module ${moduleName} returned schema for ${finalRegisteredSchema.schemaName}.${finalRegisteredSchema.name} but expected ${targetSchemaName}.${tableName}. Correcting name/schemaName.`);
-			correctedSchema = {
-				...finalRegisteredSchema,
-				name: tableName,
-				schemaName: targetSchemaName,
-			};
-		}
-
-		// Ensure all required properties are properly set
-		const completeTableSchema: TableSchema = {
-			...correctedSchema,
-			vtabModuleName: moduleName,
-			vtabArgs: effectiveModuleArgs,
-			vtabModule: moduleInfo.module,
-			vtabAuxData: moduleInfo.auxData,
-			estimatedRows: correctedSchema.estimatedRows ?? 0,
-		};
-
-		const existingTable = schema.getTable(tableName);
-		const existingView = schema.getView(tableName);
-
-		if (existingTable || existingView) {
-			if (stmt.ifNotExists) {
-				log(`Skipping CREATE TABLE: Item %s.%s already exists (IF NOT EXISTS).`, targetSchemaName, tableName);
-				if (existingTable) return existingTable;
-				throw new QuereusError(`Cannot CREATE TABLE ${targetSchemaName}.${tableName}: a VIEW with the same name already exists.`, StatusCode.CONSTRAINT, undefined, stmt.table.loc?.start.line, stmt.table.loc?.start.column);
-			} else {
-				const itemType = existingTable ? 'Table' : 'View';
-				throw new QuereusError(`${itemType} ${targetSchemaName}.${tableName} already exists`, StatusCode.CONSTRAINT, undefined, stmt.table.loc?.start.line, stmt.table.loc?.start.column);
-			}
-		}
-
-		schema.addTable(completeTableSchema);
-		log(`Successfully created table %s.%s using module %s`, targetSchemaName, tableName, moduleName);
-
-		// Notify schema change listeners
-		this.changeNotifier.notifyChange({
-			type: 'table_added',
-			schemaName: targetSchemaName,
-			objectName: tableName,
-			newObject: completeTableSchema
-		});
-
-		return completeTableSchema;
-	}
-}
+import { Schema } from './schema.js';
+import type { IntegrityAssertionSchema } from './assertion.js';
+import type { Database } from '../core/database.js';
+import type { TableSchema, RowConstraintSchema, IndexSchema } from './table.js';
+import type { FunctionSchema } from './function.js';
+import { quereusError, QuereusError } from '../common/errors.js';
+import { StatusCode, type SqlValue } from '../common/types.js';
+import type { AnyVirtualTableModule, BaseModuleConfig } from '../vtab/module.js';
+import type { VirtualTable } from '../vtab/table.js';
+import type { ColumnSchema } from './column.js';
+import { buildColumnIndexMap, columnDefToSchema, findPKDefinition, opsToMask, mutationContextVarToSchema } from './table.js';
+import type { ViewSchema } from './view.js';
+import { createLogger } from '../common/logger.js';
+import type * as AST from '../parser/ast.js';
+import { SchemaChangeNotifier } from './change-events.js';
+
+const log = createLogger('schema:manager');
+const warnLog = log.extend('warn');
+const errorLog = log.extend('error');
+
+/**
+ * Generic options passed to VTab modules during CREATE TABLE.
+ * Modules are responsible for interpreting these.
+ */
+export interface GenericModuleCallOptions extends BaseModuleConfig {
+	moduleArgs?: readonly string[];
+	statementColumns?: readonly AST.ColumnDef[];
+	statementConstraints?: readonly AST.TableConstraint[];
+	isTemporary?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Manages all schemas associated with a database connection (main, temp, attached).
+ * Handles lookup resolution according to SQLite's rules.
+ */
+export class SchemaManager {
+	private schemas: Map<string, Schema> = new Map();
+	private currentSchemaName: string = 'main';
+	private modules: Map<string, { module: AnyVirtualTableModule, auxData?: unknown }> = new Map();
+	private defaultVTabModuleName: string = 'memory';
+	private defaultVTabModuleArgs: Record<string, SqlValue> = {};
+	private db: Database;
+	private changeNotifier = new SchemaChangeNotifier();
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new schema manager
+	 *
+	 * @param db Reference to the parent Database instance
+	 */
+	constructor(db: Database) {
+		this.db = db;
+		// Ensure 'main' and 'temp' schemas always exist
+		this.schemas.set('main', new Schema('main'));
+		this.schemas.set('temp', new Schema('temp'));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the current default schema for unqualified names
+	 *
+	 * @param name Schema name to set as current
+	 */
+	setCurrentSchema(name: string): void {
+		if (this.schemas.has(name.toLowerCase())) {
+			this.currentSchemaName = name.toLowerCase();
+		} else {
+			warnLog(`Attempted to set current schema to non-existent schema: %s`, name);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the name of the current default schema
+	 *
+	 * @returns Current schema name
+	 */
+	getCurrentSchemaName(): string {
+		return this.currentSchemaName;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Registers a virtual table module
+	 *
+	 * @param name Module name
+	 * @param module Module implementation
+	 * @param auxData Optional client data associated with the module registration
+	 */
+	registerModule(name: string, module: AnyVirtualTableModule, auxData?: unknown): void {
+		const lowerName = name.toLowerCase();
+		if (this.modules.has(lowerName)) {
+			warnLog(`Replacing existing virtual table module: %s`, lowerName);
+		}
+		this.modules.set(lowerName, { module, auxData });
+		log(`Registered VTab module: %s`, lowerName);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves a registered virtual table module by name
+	 *
+	 * @param name Module name to look up
+	 * @returns The module and its auxData, or undefined if not found
+	 */
+	getModule(name: string): { module: AnyVirtualTableModule, auxData?: unknown } | undefined {
+		return this.modules.get(name.toLowerCase());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the default virtual table module to use when USING is omitted
+	 *
+	 * @param name Module name. Must be a registered module.
+	 * @throws QuereusError if the module name is not registered
+	 */
+	setDefaultVTabModuleName(name: string): void {
+		const lowerName = name.toLowerCase();
+		if (this.modules.has(lowerName)) {
+			this.defaultVTabModuleName = lowerName;
+			log(`Default VTab module name set to: %s`, lowerName);
+		} else {
+			warnLog(`Setting default VTab module to '${lowerName}', which is not currently registered in SchemaManager. Ensure it gets registered.`);
+			this.defaultVTabModuleName = lowerName;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the currently configured default virtual table module name
+	 *
+	 * @returns The default module name
+	 */
+	getDefaultVTabModuleName(): string {
+		return this.defaultVTabModuleName;
+	}
+
+	/** @internal Sets the default VTab args directly */
+	setDefaultVTabArgs(args: Record<string, SqlValue>): void {
+		this.defaultVTabModuleArgs = args;
+		log('Default VTab module args set to: %o', args);
+	}
+
+	/** @internal Sets the default VTab args by parsing a JSON string */
+	setDefaultVTabArgsFromJson(argsJsonString: string): void {
+		try {
+			const parsedArgs = JSON.parse(argsJsonString);
+			if (typeof parsedArgs !== 'object') {
+				quereusError("JSON value must be an object.", StatusCode.MISUSE);
+			}
+			this.setDefaultVTabArgs(parsedArgs);
+		} catch (e) {
+			const msg = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+			quereusError(`Invalid JSON for default_vtab_args: ${msg}`, StatusCode.ERROR);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the default virtual table module arguments.
+	 * @returns A copy of the default arguments array.
+	 */
+	getDefaultVTabArgs(): Record<string, SqlValue> {
+		return { ...this.defaultVTabModuleArgs };
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the default virtual table module name and arguments.
+	 * @returns An object containing the module name and arguments.
+	 */
+	getDefaultVTabModule(): { name: string; args: Record<string, SqlValue> } {
+		return {
+			name: this.defaultVTabModuleName,
+			args: this.defaultVTabModuleArgs,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a specific schema by name
+	 *
+	 * @param name Schema name to retrieve
+	 * @returns The schema or undefined if not found
+	 */
+	getSchema(name: string): Schema | undefined {
+		return this.schemas.get(name.toLowerCase());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the 'main' schema
+	 *
+	 * @returns The main schema
+	 */
+	getMainSchema(): Schema {
+		return this.schemas.get('main')!;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the 'temp' schema
+	 *
+	 * @returns The temp schema
+	 */
+	getTempSchema(): Schema {
+		return this.schemas.get('temp')!;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @internal Returns iterator over all managed schemas
+	 */
+	_getAllSchemas(): IterableIterator<Schema> {
+		return this.schemas.values();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns all assertions across all schemas
+	 */
+	getAllAssertions(): IntegrityAssertionSchema[] {
+		const result: IntegrityAssertionSchema[] = [];
+		for (const schema of this._getAllSchemas()) {
+			for (const a of schema.getAllAssertions()) {
+				result.push(a);
+			}
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the schema change notifier for listening to schema changes
+	 */
+	getChangeNotifier(): SchemaChangeNotifier {
+		return this.changeNotifier;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a new schema (e.g., for ATTACH)
+	 *
+	 * @param name Name of the schema to add
+	 * @returns The newly created schema
+	 * @throws QuereusError if the name conflicts with an existing schema
+	 */
+	addSchema(name: string): Schema {
+		const lowerName = name.toLowerCase();
+		if (this.schemas.has(lowerName)) {
+			throw new QuereusError(`Schema '${name}' already exists`, StatusCode.ERROR);
+		}
+		const schema = new Schema(name);
+		this.schemas.set(lowerName, schema);
+		log(`Added schema '%s'`, name);
+		return schema;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a schema (e.g., for DETACH)
+	 *
+	 * @param name Name of the schema to remove
+	 * @returns true if found and removed, false otherwise
+	 * @throws QuereusError if attempting to remove 'main' or 'temp'
+	 */
+	removeSchema(name: string): boolean {
+		const lowerName = name.toLowerCase();
+		if (lowerName === 'main' || lowerName === 'temp') {
+			throw new QuereusError(`Cannot detach schema '${name}'`, StatusCode.ERROR);
+		}
+		const schema = this.schemas.get(lowerName);
+		if (schema) {
+			schema.clearFunctions();
+			schema.clearTables();
+			schema.clearViews();
+			this.schemas.delete(lowerName);
+			log(`Removed schema '%s'`, name);
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @internal Finds a table or virtual table by name across schemas
+	 */
+	_findTable(tableName: string, dbName?: string): TableSchema | undefined {
+		const lowerTableName = tableName.toLowerCase();
+
+
+
+		if (dbName) {
+			// Search specific schema
+			const schema = this.schemas.get(dbName.toLowerCase());
+			return schema?.getTable(lowerTableName);
+		} else {
+			// Search order: main, then temp (and attached later)
+			const mainSchema = this.schemas.get('main');
+			let table = mainSchema?.getTable(lowerTableName);
+			if (table) return table;
+
+			const tempSchema = this.schemas.get('temp');
+			table = tempSchema?.getTable(lowerTableName);
+			return table;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Finds a table by name, searching schemas according to SQLite rules
+	 *
+	 * @param tableName Name of the table
+	 * @param dbName Optional specific schema name to search
+	 * @returns The TableSchema or undefined if not found
+	 */
+	findTable(tableName: string, dbName?: string): TableSchema | undefined {
+		return this._findTable(tableName, dbName);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Finds a function by name and arg count, searching schemas
+	 *
+	 * @param funcName Name of the function
+	 * @param nArg Number of arguments
+	 * @returns The FunctionSchema or undefined if not found
+	 */
+	findFunction(funcName: string, nArg: number): FunctionSchema | undefined {
+		return this.getMainSchema().getFunction(funcName, nArg);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves a view schema definition
+	 *
+	 * @param schemaName The name of the schema ('main', 'temp', etc.). Defaults to current schema
+	 * @param viewName The name of the view
+	 * @returns The ViewSchema or undefined if not found
+	 */
+	getView(schemaName: string | null, viewName: string): ViewSchema | undefined {
+		const targetSchemaName = schemaName ?? this.currentSchemaName;
+		const schema = this.schemas.get(targetSchemaName);
+		return schema?.getView(viewName);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves any schema item (table or view) by name. Checks views first
+	 *
+	 * @param schemaName The name of the schema ('main', 'temp', etc.). Defaults to current schema
+	 * @param itemName The name of the table or view
+	 * @returns The TableSchema or ViewSchema, or undefined if not found
+	 */
+	getSchemaItem(schemaName: string | null, itemName: string): TableSchema | ViewSchema | undefined {
+		const targetSchemaName = schemaName ?? this.currentSchemaName;
+		const schema = this.schemas.get(targetSchemaName);
+		if (!schema) return undefined;
+
+		// Prioritize views over tables if names conflict
+		const view = schema.getView(itemName);
+		if (view) return view;
+		return schema.getTable(itemName);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Drops a table from the specified schema
+	 *
+	 * @param schemaName The name of the schema
+	 * @param tableName The name of the table to drop
+	 * @param ifExists If true, do not throw an error if the table does not exist.
+	 * @returns True if the table was found and dropped, false otherwise.
+	 */
+	dropTable(schemaName: string, tableName: string, ifExists: boolean = false): boolean {
+		const schema = this.schemas.get(schemaName.toLowerCase()); // Ensure schemaName is lowercased for lookup
+		if (!schema) {
+			if (ifExists) return false; // Schema not found, but IF EXISTS specified
+			throw new QuereusError(`Schema not found: ${schemaName}`, StatusCode.ERROR);
+		}
+
+		const tableSchema = schema.getTable(tableName); // getTable should handle case-insensitivity
+
+		if (!tableSchema) {
+			if (ifExists) {
+				log(`Table %s.%s not found, but IF EXISTS was specified.`, schemaName, tableName);
+				return false; // Not found, but IF EXISTS means no error, not dropped.
+			}
+			throw new QuereusError(`Table ${tableName} not found in schema ${schemaName}`, StatusCode.NOTFOUND);
+		}
+
+		let destroyPromise: Promise<void> | null = null;
+
+		// Call xDestroy on the module, providing table details
+		if (tableSchema.vtabModuleName) { // tableSchema is guaranteed to be defined here
+			const moduleRegistration = this.getModule(tableSchema.vtabModuleName);
+			if (moduleRegistration && moduleRegistration.module && moduleRegistration.module.xDestroy) {
+				log(`Calling xDestroy for VTab %s.%s via module %s`, schemaName, tableName, tableSchema.vtabModuleName);
+				destroyPromise = moduleRegistration.module.xDestroy(
+					this.db,
+					moduleRegistration.auxData,
+					tableSchema.vtabModuleName,
+					schemaName,
+					tableName
+				).catch(err => {
+					errorLog(`Error during VTab module xDestroy for %s.%s: %O`, schemaName, tableName, err);
+					// Potentially re-throw or handle as a critical error if xDestroy failure is problematic
+				});
+			} else {
+				warnLog(`VTab module %s (for table %s.%s) or its xDestroy method not found during dropTable.`, tableSchema.vtabModuleName, schemaName, tableName);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Remove from schema map immediately
+		const removed = schema.removeTable(tableName);
+		if (!removed && !ifExists) {
+			// This should ideally not be reached if tableSchema was found above.
+			// But as a safeguard if removeTable could fail for other reasons.
+			throw new QuereusError(`Failed to remove table ${tableName} from schema ${schemaName}, though it was initially found.`, StatusCode.INTERNAL);
+		}
+
+		// Notify schema change listeners if table was removed
+		if (removed) {
+			this.changeNotifier.notifyChange({
+				type: 'table_removed',
+				schemaName: schemaName,
+				objectName: tableName,
+				oldObject: tableSchema
+			});
+		}
+
+		// Process destruction asynchronously
+		if (destroyPromise) {
+			void destroyPromise.then(() => log(`xDestroy completed for VTab %s.%s`, schemaName, tableName));
+		}
+
+		return removed; // True if removed from schema, false if not found and ifExists was true.
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Drops a view from the specified schema
+	 *
+	 * @param schemaName The name of the schema
+	 * @param viewName The name of the view to drop
+	 * @returns True if the view was found and dropped, false otherwise
+	 */
+	dropView(schemaName: string, viewName: string): boolean {
+		const schema = this.schemas.get(schemaName);
+		if (!schema) return false;
+		return schema.removeView(viewName);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Clears all schema items (tables, functions, views)
+	 */
+	clearAll(): void {
+		this.schemas.forEach(schema => {
+			schema.clearTables();
+			schema.clearFunctions();
+			schema.clearViews();
+		});
+		log("Cleared all schemas.");
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves a schema object, throwing if it doesn't exist
+	 *
+	 * @param name Schema name ('main', 'temp', or custom). Case-insensitive
+	 * @returns The Schema object
+	 * @throws QuereusError if the schema does not exist
+	 */
+	getSchemaOrFail(name: string): Schema {
+		const schema = this.schemas.get(name.toLowerCase());
+		if (!schema) {
+			throw new QuereusError(`Schema not found: ${name}`);
+		}
+		return schema;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves a table from the specified schema
+	 *
+	 * @param schemaName The name of the schema ('main', 'temp', etc.). Defaults to current schema
+	 * @param tableName The name of the table
+	 * @returns The TableSchema or undefined if not found
+	 */
+	getTable(schemaName: string | undefined, tableName: string): TableSchema | undefined {
+		const targetSchemaName = schemaName ?? this.currentSchemaName;
+		const schema = this.schemas.get(targetSchemaName);
+		return schema?.getTable(tableName);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new index on an existing table based on an AST.CreateIndexStmt.
+	 * This method validates the index definition and calls the virtual table's xCreateIndex method.
+	 *
+	 * @param stmt The AST node for the CREATE INDEX statement.
+	 * @returns A Promise that resolves when the index is created.
+	 * @throws QuereusError on errors (e.g., table not found, column not found, xCreateIndex fails).
+	 */
+	async createIndex(stmt: AST.CreateIndexStmt): Promise<void> {
+		const targetSchemaName = stmt.table.schema || this.getCurrentSchemaName();
+		const tableName = stmt.table.name;
+		const indexName = stmt.index.name;
+
+		// Find the table schema
+		const tableSchema = this.getTable(targetSchemaName, tableName);
+		if (!tableSchema) {
+			throw new QuereusError(`no such table: ${tableName}`, StatusCode.ERROR, undefined, stmt.table.loc?.start.line, stmt.table.loc?.start.column);
+		}
+
+		// Check if the virtual table module supports xCreateIndex
+		if (!tableSchema.vtabModule.xCreateIndex) {
+			throw new QuereusError(`Virtual table module '${tableSchema.vtabModuleName}' for table '${tableName}' does not support CREATE INDEX.`, StatusCode.ERROR, undefined, stmt.table.loc?.start.line, stmt.table.loc?.start.column);
+		}
+
+		// Check if index already exists (if not IF NOT EXISTS)
+		const existingIndex = tableSchema.indexes?.find(idx => idx.name.toLowerCase() === indexName.toLowerCase());
+		if (existingIndex) {
+			if (stmt.ifNotExists) {
+				log(`Skipping CREATE INDEX: Index %s.%s already exists (IF NOT EXISTS).`, targetSchemaName, indexName);
+				return;
+			} else {
+				throw new QuereusError(`Index ${indexName} already exists on table ${tableName}`, StatusCode.CONSTRAINT, undefined, stmt.index.loc?.start.line, stmt.index.loc?.start.column);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Convert AST columns to IndexSchema columns
+		const indexColumns = stmt.columns.map((indexedCol: AST.IndexedColumn) => {
+			if (indexedCol.expr) {
+				throw new QuereusError(`Indices on expressions are not supported yet.`, StatusCode.ERROR, undefined, indexedCol.expr.loc?.start.line, indexedCol.expr.loc?.start.column);
+			}
+			const colName = indexedCol.name;
+			if (!colName) {
+				// Should not happen if expr is checked first
+				throw new QuereusError(`Indexed column must be a simple column name.`, StatusCode.ERROR);
+			}
+			const tableColIndex = tableSchema.columnIndexMap.get(colName.toLowerCase());
+			if (tableColIndex === undefined) {
+				throw new QuereusError(`Column '${colName}' not found in table '${tableName}'`, StatusCode.ERROR, undefined, stmt.loc?.start.line, stmt.loc?.start.column);
+			}
+			const tableColSchema = tableSchema.columns[tableColIndex];
+			return {
+				index: tableColIndex,
+				desc: indexedCol.direction === 'desc',
+				collation: indexedCol.collation || tableColSchema.collation // Use specified collation or inherit from table column
+			};
+		});
+
+		// Construct the IndexSchema object
+		const indexSchema: IndexSchema = {
+			name: indexName,
+			columns: Object.freeze(indexColumns),
+		};
+
+		try {
+			// Call xCreateIndex on the virtual table module
+			await tableSchema.vtabModule.xCreateIndex(
+				this.db,
+				targetSchemaName,
+				tableName,
+				indexSchema
+			);
+
+			// Update the table schema with the new index by creating a new schema object
+			const updatedIndexes = [...(tableSchema.indexes || []), indexSchema];
+			const updatedTableSchema: TableSchema = {
+				...tableSchema,
+				indexes: Object.freeze(updatedIndexes),
+			};
+
+			// Replace the table schema in the schema
+			const schema = this.getSchemaOrFail(targetSchemaName);
+			schema.addTable(updatedTableSchema);
+
+			// Notify schema change listeners that the table was modified
+			this.changeNotifier.notifyChange({
+				type: 'table_modified',
+				schemaName: targetSchemaName,
+				objectName: tableName,
+				oldObject: tableSchema,
+				newObject: updatedTableSchema
+			});
+
+			log(`Successfully created index %s on table %s.%s`, indexName, targetSchemaName, tableName);
+		} catch (e: unknown) {
+			const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+			const code = e instanceof QuereusError ? e.code : StatusCode.ERROR;
+			throw new QuereusError(`xCreateIndex failed for index '${indexName}' on table '${tableName}': ${message}`, code, e instanceof Error ? e : undefined, stmt.loc?.start.line, stmt.loc?.start.column);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Defines a new table in the schema based on an AST.CreateTableStmt.
+	 * This method encapsulates the logic for interacting with VTab modules (xCreate)
+	 * and registering the new table schema.
+	 *
+	 * @param stmt The AST node for the CREATE TABLE statement.
+	 * @returns A Promise that resolves to the created TableSchema.
+	 * @throws QuereusError on errors (e.g., module not found, xCreate fails, table exists).
+	 */
+	async createTable(stmt: AST.CreateTableStmt): Promise<TableSchema> {
+		const targetSchemaName = stmt.table.schema || this.getCurrentSchemaName();
+		const tableName = stmt.table.name;
+		let moduleName: string;
+		let effectiveModuleArgs: Record<string, SqlValue>;
+
+		if (stmt.moduleName) {
+			moduleName = stmt.moduleName;
+			effectiveModuleArgs = Object.freeze(stmt.moduleArgs || {});
+		} else {
+			const defaultVtab = this.getDefaultVTabModule();
+			moduleName = defaultVtab.name;
+			effectiveModuleArgs = Object.freeze(defaultVtab.args || {});
+		}
+
+		const moduleInfo = this.getModule(moduleName);
+		if (!moduleInfo || !moduleInfo.module) {
+			throw new QuereusError(`No virtual table module named '${moduleName}'`, StatusCode.ERROR, undefined, stmt.loc?.start.line, stmt.loc?.start.column);
+		}
+
+		const astColumnsToProcess = stmt.columns || [];
+		const astConstraintsToProcess = stmt.constraints;
+
+		// Get default nullability setting from database options
+		const defaultNullability = this.db.options.getStringOption('default_column_nullability');
+		const defaultNotNull = defaultNullability === 'not_null';
+
+		const preliminaryColumnSchemas: ColumnSchema[] = astColumnsToProcess.map(colDef => columnDefToSchema(colDef, defaultNotNull));
+		const pkDefinition = findPKDefinition(preliminaryColumnSchemas, astConstraintsToProcess);
+
+		const finalColumnSchemas = preliminaryColumnSchemas.map((col, idx) => {
+			const isPkColumn = pkDefinition.some(pkCol => pkCol.index === idx);
+			let pkOrder = 0;
+			if (isPkColumn) {
+				pkOrder = pkDefinition.findIndex(pkC => pkC.index === idx) + 1;
+			}
+			return {
+				...col,
+				primaryKey: isPkColumn,
+				pkOrder: pkOrder,
+				notNull: isPkColumn ? true : col.notNull,
+			};
+		});
+
+		const checkConstraintsSchema: RowConstraintSchema[] = [];
+		astColumnsToProcess.forEach(colDef => {
+			colDef.constraints?.forEach(con => {
+				if (con.type === 'check' && con.expr) {
+					checkConstraintsSchema.push({
+						name: con.name ?? `_check_${colDef.name}`,
+						expr: con.expr,
+						operations: opsToMask(con.operations),
+						deferrable: con.deferrable,
+						initiallyDeferred: con.initiallyDeferred
+					});
+				}
+			});
+		});
+		(astConstraintsToProcess || []).forEach(con => {
+			if (con.type === 'check' && con.expr) {
+				checkConstraintsSchema.push({
+					name: con.name,
+					expr: con.expr,
+					operations: opsToMask(con.operations),
+					deferrable: con.deferrable,
+					initiallyDeferred: con.initiallyDeferred
+				});
+			}
+		});
+
+		// Process mutation context definitions if present
+		const mutationContextSchemas = stmt.contextDefinitions
+			? stmt.contextDefinitions.map(varDef => mutationContextVarToSchema(varDef, defaultNotNull))
+			: undefined;
+
+		const baseTableSchema: TableSchema = {
+			name: tableName,
+			schemaName: targetSchemaName,
+			columns: Object.freeze(finalColumnSchemas),
+			columnIndexMap: buildColumnIndexMap(finalColumnSchemas),
+			primaryKeyDefinition: pkDefinition,
+			checkConstraints: Object.freeze(checkConstraintsSchema),
+			isTemporary: !!stmt.isTemporary,
+			isView: false,
+			vtabModuleName: moduleName,
+			vtabArgs: effectiveModuleArgs,
+			vtabModule: moduleInfo.module,
+			vtabAuxData: moduleInfo.auxData,
+			estimatedRows: 0,
+			mutationContext: mutationContextSchemas ? Object.freeze(mutationContextSchemas) : undefined,
+		};
+
+		let tableInstance: VirtualTable;
+		try {
+			tableInstance = moduleInfo.module.xCreate(
+				this.db,
+				baseTableSchema
+			);
+		} catch (e: unknown) {
+			const message = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+			const code = e instanceof QuereusError ? e.code : StatusCode.ERROR;
+			throw new QuereusError(`Module '${moduleName}' xCreate failed for table '${tableName}': ${message}`, code, e instanceof Error ? e : undefined, stmt.loc?.start.line, stmt.loc?.start.column);
+		}
+
+		const schema = this.getSchema(targetSchemaName);
+		if (!schema) {
+			throw new QuereusError(`Internal error: Schema '${targetSchemaName}' not found.`, StatusCode.INTERNAL);
+		}
+
+		const finalRegisteredSchema = tableInstance.tableSchema;
+		if (!finalRegisteredSchema) {
+			throw new QuereusError(`Module '${moduleName}' xCreate did not provide a tableSchema for '${tableName}'.`, StatusCode.INTERNAL);
+		}
+
+		// Create a properly typed schema object instead of mutating properties
+		let correctedSchema = finalRegisteredSchema;
+		if (finalRegisteredSchema.name.toLowerCase() !== tableName.toLowerCase() ||
+			finalRegisteredSchema.schemaName.toLowerCase() !== targetSchemaName.toLowerCase()) {
+			warnLog(`Module ${moduleName} returned schema for ${finalRegisteredSchema.schemaName}.${finalRegisteredSchema.name} but expected ${targetSchemaName}.${tableName}. Correcting name/schemaName.`);
+			correctedSchema = {
+				...finalRegisteredSchema,
+				name: tableName,
+				schemaName: targetSchemaName,
+			};
+		}
+
+		// Ensure all required properties are properly set
+		const completeTableSchema: TableSchema = {
+			...correctedSchema,
+			vtabModuleName: moduleName,
+			vtabArgs: effectiveModuleArgs,
+			vtabModule: moduleInfo.module,
+			vtabAuxData: moduleInfo.auxData,
+			estimatedRows: correctedSchema.estimatedRows ?? 0,
+		};
+
+		const existingTable = schema.getTable(tableName);
+		const existingView = schema.getView(tableName);
+
+		if (existingTable || existingView) {
+			if (stmt.ifNotExists) {
+				log(`Skipping CREATE TABLE: Item %s.%s already exists (IF NOT EXISTS).`, targetSchemaName, tableName);
+				if (existingTable) return existingTable;
+				throw new QuereusError(`Cannot CREATE TABLE ${targetSchemaName}.${tableName}: a VIEW with the same name already exists.`, StatusCode.CONSTRAINT, undefined, stmt.table.loc?.start.line, stmt.table.loc?.start.column);
+			} else {
+				const itemType = existingTable ? 'Table' : 'View';
+				throw new QuereusError(`${itemType} ${targetSchemaName}.${tableName} already exists`, StatusCode.CONSTRAINT, undefined, stmt.table.loc?.start.line, stmt.table.loc?.start.column);
+			}
+		}
+
+		schema.addTable(completeTableSchema);
+		log(`Successfully created table %s.%s using module %s`, targetSchemaName, tableName, moduleName);
+
+		// Notify schema change listeners
+		this.changeNotifier.notifyChange({
+			type: 'table_added',
+			schemaName: targetSchemaName,
+			objectName: tableName,
+			newObject: completeTableSchema
+		});
+
+		return completeTableSchema;
+	}
+}