@quenty/metricutils 2.4.3 → 2.5.0

package/src/Shared/Formatting/MetricUnitFormatUtils.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,924 @@
+--!strict
+--[=[
+	Writes measurements for people, in the style of JavaScript's `Intl.NumberFormat` with `style: "unit"`: a
+	localized number, then the unit's symbol or name. The unit is picked to suit the value's size unless one is
+	given, so 1,500 N is `1.5 kN`. Takes a [MetricUnit] or its plain [MetricUnitData].
+
+	Numbers go through [NumberLocalizationUtils], so digit grouping and the decimal mark follow the locale. Unit
+	names come from [MetricUnitFallbackStrings], and duration words from [TimeLocalizationUtils].
+
+	A duration is broken into years, months, days, hours, minutes and seconds with [MetricUnit]'s own averaged year
+	and month (a Julian year, and a twelfth of it), not `@quenty/time`'s 365 and 30 days, so `MetricUnit.years(1)`
+	reads `1 year` and `MetricUnit.months(1)` reads `1 month`. Only `@quenty/time`'s words are used. For a clock-style
+	`h:mm:ss`, or calendar months, hand exact seconds to `TimeDurationUtils` or `Time` yourself.
+
+	```lua
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.format(MetricUnit.meters(1500)) --> 1.5 km
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.format(MetricUnit.meters(1500), { unitDisplay = "long" }) --> 1.5 kilometers
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.format(MetricUnit.meters(1500):ToUSCustomary()) --> 4,921.26 ft
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.format({ amount = 1234.5, dimensions = { length = 1 } }, { unit = "meter", locale = "de-de" }) --> 1 234,5 m
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.format(MetricUnit.minutes(90)) --> 1 hour, 30 minutes
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.formatUnit("kilowattHour", 3) --> 3 kWh
+	```
+
+	@class MetricUnitFormatUtils
+]=]
+
+local require = require(script.Parent.loader).load(script)
+
+local MetricUnitDefinitions = require("MetricUnitDefinitions")
+local MetricUnitDimensionUtils = require("MetricUnitDimensionUtils")
+local MetricUnitDisplayUnitUtils = require("MetricUnitDisplayUnitUtils")
+local MetricUnitFallbackStrings = require("MetricUnitFallbackStrings")
+local MetricUnitKinds = require("MetricUnitKinds")
+local MetricUnitSystem = require("MetricUnitSystem")
+local NumberLocalizationUtils = require("NumberLocalizationUtils")
+local PluralCategoryUtils = require("PluralCategoryUtils")
+local Time = require("Time")
+local TimeDurationUtils = require("TimeDurationUtils")
+local TimeLocalizationUtils = require("TimeLocalizationUtils")
+
+local MetricUnitFormatUtils = {}
+
+--[=[
+	The no-break space (U+00A0) that joins a number to its unit, so a line never wraps between them.
+
+	@prop NO_BREAK_SPACE string
+	@within MetricUnitFormatUtils
+]=]
+MetricUnitFormatUtils.NO_BREAK_SPACE = MetricUnitFallbackStrings.NO_BREAK_SPACE
+
+local DEFAULT_LOCALE = "en-us"
+local DEFAULT_MAXIMUM_FRACTION_DIGITS = 3
+local DEFAULT_DURATION_PARTS = 2
+local LARGEST_GROUPED_INTEGER = 1e15
+local DECIMAL_SEPARATOR_PROBE = 0.5
+local ENGLISH_PLURAL_RULES = "en"
+local YEAR_OR_MONTH_CLOCK_TOKENS = "[yM]"
+-- Keeps twelve averaged months, summed in floating point, a whole year
+local WHOLE_UNIT_TOLERANCE = 1e-9
+local NUMBER_MARK = "\u{E000}"
+local UNIT_MARK = "\u{E001}"
+
+--[=[
+	`"short"` writes the unit's symbol (`5 km`), `"long"` its name (`5 kilometers`).
+
+	@type UnitDisplay "short" | "long"
+	@within MetricUnitFormatUtils
+]=]
+export type UnitDisplay = "short" | "long"
+
+--[=[
+	A measurement as plain data, for saves and for formatting without a [MetricUnit]: its amount in SI base units,
+	its exponents, and whether it is absolute. [MetricUnit.toData] and [MetricUnit.fromData] convert to and from it.
+
+	@interface MetricUnitData
+	.amount number
+	.dimensions { [string]: number }
+	.absolute boolean?
+	@within MetricUnitFormatUtils
+]=]
+export type MetricUnitData = {
+	amount: number,
+	dimensions: { [string]: number },
+	absolute: boolean?,
+}
+
+--[=[
+	How a duration is written: in words through `@quenty/time`'s duration phrases, or as a clock.
+
+	@type DurationStyle "words" | "clock"
+	@within MetricUnitFormatUtils
+]=]
+export type DurationStyle = "words" | "clock"
+
+--[=[
+	What the formatter needs of [MetricUnitTranslator]: a `JSONTranslator`'s `FormatByKey`, `GetLocaleId` and,
+	for [RxMetricUnitFormatUtils.observeFormat], `ObserveFormatByKey`.
+
+	@interface MetricUnitTranslatorLike
+	.FormatByKey (self, key: string, args: { [string]: any }?) -> string
+	.GetLocaleId (self) -> string
+	.ObserveFormatByKey (self, key: string, args: { [string]: any }?) -> Observable<string>
+	@within MetricUnitFormatUtils
+]=]
+export type MetricUnitTranslatorLike = {
+	FormatByKey: (any, string, { [string]: any }?) -> string,
+	GetLocaleId: (any) -> string,
+	ObserveFormatByKey: (any, string, { [string]: any }?) -> any,
+}
+
+--[=[
+	Options for [MetricUnitFormatUtils.format], modelled on `Intl.NumberFormat`.
+
+	@interface MetricUnitFormatOptions
+	.locale string? -- Picks the number format and unit names, defaults to `en-us`
+	.unitDisplay UnitDisplay? -- `short` symbols (the default) or `long` names
+	.unit UnitLike? -- Always write this unit; for a rate, the whole rate's (`kilometerPerHour`, `perHour`) or the numerator's (`kilometer`)
+	.perUnit TimeUnit? -- Always write a rate per this time unit, such as `"hour"` or `"h"`
+	.autoUnit boolean? -- Pick the unit that suits the size (the default), or always write the SI base unit
+	.minimumFractionDigits number? -- Pad with zeros to at least this many decimals, defaults to 0
+	.maximumFractionDigits number? -- Round to at most this many decimals, defaults to 3
+	.maximumSignificantDigits number? -- Round to this many significant digits instead of fraction digits
+	.useGrouping boolean? -- Group thousands for the locale, defaults to true
+	.strings UnitStringOverrides? -- Overrides a unit's phrase, e.g. `{ kilometer = { short = "%s klicks" } }`
+	.perStrings PerStringOverrides? -- Overrides a per phrase, e.g. `{ hour = { short = "%s an hour" } }`
+	.durationStrings DurationStringOverrides? -- Overrides a duration word, as in `TimeDurationUtils`
+	.maxParts number? -- How many non-zero units a duration is written in, largest first, defaults to 2
+	.separator string? -- Between the parts of a duration, defaults to `, `
+	.durationStyle DurationStyle? -- `words` (the default, `1 hour, 30 minutes`) or `clock` (`1:30:00`, or `1:30` under an hour)
+	.durationTemplate string? -- A `TimeDurationUtils.format` template such as `hh:mm:ss`; years and months are refused
+	.translator MetricUnitTranslatorLike? -- [MetricUnitTranslator], for long names in the player's language
+	@within MetricUnitFormatUtils
+]=]
+export type MetricUnitFormatOptions = {
+	locale: string?,
+	unitDisplay: UnitDisplay?,
+	unit: MetricUnitDefinitions.UnitLike?,
+	perUnit: Time.TimeUnit?,
+	autoUnit: boolean?,
+	minimumFractionDigits: number?,
+	maximumFractionDigits: number?,
+	maximumSignificantDigits: number?,
+	useGrouping: boolean?,
+	strings: MetricUnitFallbackStrings.UnitStringOverrides?,
+	perStrings: MetricUnitFallbackStrings.PerStringOverrides?,
+	durationStrings: TimeLocalizationUtils.DurationStringOverrides?,
+	maxParts: number?,
+	separator: string?,
+	durationStyle: DurationStyle?,
+	durationTemplate: string?,
+	translator: MetricUnitTranslatorLike?,
+	_system: MetricUnitSystem.MetricUnitSystem?,
+}
+
+type UnitDefinition = MetricUnitDefinitions.UnitDefinition
+type DurationUnit = { field: string, factor: number }
+
+local DURATION_FIELDS_LARGEST_FIRST: { { field: string, unitId: string } } = table.freeze({
+	{ field = "years", unitId = "year" },
+	{ field = "months", unitId = "month" },
+	{ field = "days", unitId = "day" },
+	{ field = "hours", unitId = "hour" },
+	{ field = "minutes", unitId = "minute" },
+	{ field = "seconds", unitId = "second" },
+	{ field = "milliseconds", unitId = "millisecond" },
+})
+local durationUnitsLargestFirst: { DurationUnit }? = nil
+
+local TIME_LOCALIZATION_FIELD_BY_UNIT_ID: { [string]: string } = {
+	millisecond = "milliseconds",
+	second = "seconds",
+	minute = "minutes",
+	hour = "hours",
+	day = "days",
+	week = "weeks",
+	month = "months",
+	year = "years",
+}
+
+local SUPERSCRIPTS: { [number]: string } = { [2] = "²", [3] = "³" }
+
+local decimalSeparators: { [string]: string } = {}
+
+--[=[
+	Writes a measurement for the locale in a unit that suits its size, or the one `options.unit` names. Durations are
+	broken into parts with localized words, temperatures keep whether they are absolute (`5 °C`) or a difference
+	(`5 K`), and a rate is written per the shortest time unit it fills at least once (`1.6 MB/s`).
+
+	A value is written in the system of the unit it was made from, so `MetricUnit.new(5, "mile")` writes miles and
+	`MetricUnit.kilometers(8)` kilometres. Convert it to write another ([MetricUnit.ToMetric],
+	[MetricUnit.ToImperial]), or use [MetricUnitSystem.Format]. The locale never chooses a measurement system.
+
+	```lua
+	local length = MetricUnit.meters(2500)
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.format(length) --> 2.5 km
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.format(length, { unit = "meter" }) --> 2,500 m
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.format(length, { unit = "stud" }) --> 8,928.571 studs
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.format(length, { unitDisplay = "long", locale = "en-gb" }) --> 2.5 kilometres
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.format(length, { maximumSignificantDigits = 1 }) --> 3 km
+	```
+
+	@param value MetricUnit | MetricUnitData
+	@param options MetricUnitFormatOptions?
+	@return string
+]=]
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils.format(
+	-- any: MetricUnit requires this module, so its type cannot be named here; _readValue checks it at runtime
+	value: any,
+	options: MetricUnitFormatOptions?
+): string
+	local amount, dimensions, absolute, displaySystem, displayUnit = MetricUnitFormatUtils._readValue(value)
+	local resolved = MetricUnitFormatUtils._resolveOptionsWithValuePreference(options, displaySystem, displayUnit)
+
+	if MetricUnitDimensionUtils.equal(dimensions, MetricUnitKinds.TIME) then
+		return MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatDuration(amount, resolved)
+	end
+	return MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatRelative(amount, dimensions, resolved, resolved.unit, absolute)
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatInSystem(
+	value: any,
+	system: MetricUnitSystem.MetricUnitSystem,
+	options: MetricUnitFormatOptions?
+): string
+	local resolved: MetricUnitFormatOptions = if options then table.clone(options) else {}
+	resolved._system = system
+	return MetricUnitFormatUtils.format(value, resolved)
+end
+
+--[=[
+	Writes `amount` of the unit `unit`, as [MetricUnitFormatUtils.format] would, without picking another unit. A
+	temperature is absolute on its own scale, so `formatUnit("celsius", 20)` is `20 °C`.
+
+	```lua
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.formatUnit("kilometerPerHour", 90) --> 90 km/h
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.formatUnit("liter", 1, { unitDisplay = "long" }) --> 1 liter
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.formatUnit("hours", 1.5) --> 1.5 hours
+	```
+
+	@param unit UnitLike
+	@param amount number -- in `unit`
+	@param options MetricUnitFormatOptions?
+	@return string
+]=]
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils.formatUnit(
+	unit: MetricUnitDefinitions.UnitLike,
+	amount: number,
+	options: MetricUnitFormatOptions?
+): string
+	assert(type(amount) == "number", "Bad amount")
+	local resolved = MetricUnitFormatUtils._resolveOptionsWithValuePreference(options, nil, nil)
+	local definition = MetricUnitFormatUtils._getUnit(resolved, unit)
+	assert(definition, string.format("No unit %q", tostring(unit)))
+
+	if definition.duration then
+		return MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationUnitPhrase(definition, amount, resolved)
+	elseif definition.per then
+		local per = MetricUnitFormatUtils._perUnit(definition.per)
+		return MetricUnitFormatUtils._perPhrase(per, MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatNumber(amount, resolved), resolved)
+	end
+	return MetricUnitFormatUtils._unitPhrase(definition, amount, resolved)
+end
+
+--[=[
+	Writes a plain number for the locale: grouped thousands, the locale's decimal mark, and the digit options of
+	[MetricUnitFormatOptions].
+
+	```lua
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.formatNumber(1234.5678) --> 1,234.568
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.formatNumber(1234.5, { locale = "de-de" }) --> 1 234,5
+	MetricUnitFormatUtils.formatNumber(2, { minimumFractionDigits = 2 }) --> 2.00
+	```
+
+	@param value number
+	@param options MetricUnitFormatOptions?
+	@return string
+]=]
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils.formatNumber(value: number, options: MetricUnitFormatOptions?): string
+	assert(type(value) == "number", "Bad value")
+	local text = MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatNumber(value, options or {})
+	return text
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._readValue(value: any): (
+	number,
+	MetricUnitDimensionUtils.Dimensions,
+	boolean,
+	MetricUnitSystem.MetricUnitSystem?,
+	UnitDefinition?
+)
+	assert(type(value) == "table", "Bad value")
+	if type(value.amount) == "number" then
+		assert(MetricUnitDimensionUtils.isDimensions(value.dimensions), "Bad dimensions")
+		return value.amount, value.dimensions, value.absolute == true, nil, nil
+	end
+	assert(value.ClassName == "MetricUnit", "Bad value, expected a MetricUnit or MetricUnitData")
+	return value:GetBaseAmount(),
+		value:GetDimensions(),
+		value:IsAbsolute(),
+		value:GetDisplaySystem(),
+		value:GetDisplayUnit()
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._resolveOptionsWithValuePreference(
+	options: MetricUnitFormatOptions?,
+	displaySystem: MetricUnitSystem.MetricUnitSystem?,
+	displayUnit: UnitDefinition?
+): MetricUnitFormatOptions
+	local resolved: MetricUnitFormatOptions = if options then table.clone(options) else {}
+	if resolved.locale == nil and resolved.translator then
+		resolved.locale = resolved.translator:GetLocaleId()
+	end
+	if resolved._system == nil then
+		resolved._system = displaySystem
+	end
+	if resolved.unit == nil and displayUnit then
+		resolved.unit = displayUnit
+	end
+	return resolved
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._getUnit(
+	options: MetricUnitFormatOptions,
+	unit: string | UnitDefinition
+): UnitDefinition?
+	local system = options._system
+	return if system then system:GetUnit(unit) else MetricUnitDefinitions.getUnit(unit)
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._tryTranslate(
+	options: MetricUnitFormatOptions,
+	keys: { string },
+	args: { [string]: string }
+): string?
+	local translator = options.translator
+	if not translator then
+		return nil
+	end
+	for _, key in keys do
+		local ok, text = pcall(translator.FormatByKey, translator, key, args)
+		if ok and type(text) == "string" and text ~= key then
+			return text
+		end
+	end
+	return nil
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatNumber(value: number, options: MetricUnitFormatOptions): (string, number, string)
+	if value ~= value or value == math.huge or value == -math.huge then
+		local noFractionDigits = ""
+		return tostring(value), value, noFractionDigits
+	end
+
+	local locale = options.locale or DEFAULT_LOCALE
+	local minimumFractionDigits = options.minimumFractionDigits or 0
+
+	local rounded, decimals
+	if options.maximumSignificantDigits then
+		local significant = options.maximumSignificantDigits
+		if value == 0 then
+			rounded, decimals = 0, 0
+		else
+			local places = significant - (math.floor(math.log10(math.abs(value))) + 1)
+			rounded = MetricUnitFormatUtils._roundHalfAwayFromZero(value, places)
+			decimals = math.max(0, places)
+		end
+	else
+		decimals = options.maximumFractionDigits or DEFAULT_MAXIMUM_FRACTION_DIGITS
+		rounded = MetricUnitFormatUtils._roundHalfAwayFromZero(value, decimals)
+	end
+	decimals = math.max(decimals, minimumFractionDigits)
+
+	local digits = string.format("%." .. tostring(decimals) .. "f", math.abs(rounded))
+	local integerPart, shownFractionDigits = string.match(digits, "^(%d+)%.?(%d*)$")
+	assert(integerPart and shownFractionDigits, "Bad number")
+	while #shownFractionDigits > minimumFractionDigits and string.sub(shownFractionDigits, -1) == "0" do
+		shownFractionDigits = string.sub(shownFractionDigits, 1, -2)
+	end
+
+	local integerValue = tonumber(integerPart) :: number
+	if options.useGrouping ~= false and integerValue < LARGEST_GROUPED_INTEGER then
+		integerPart = NumberLocalizationUtils.localize(integerValue, locale)
+	end
+
+	local text = (if rounded < 0 then "-" else "") .. integerPart
+	if #shownFractionDigits > 0 then
+		text ..= MetricUnitFormatUtils.getDecimalSeparator(locale) .. shownFractionDigits
+	end
+	return text, rounded, shownFractionDigits
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._roundHalfAwayFromZero(value: number, decimalPlacesOrNegativeForTens: number): number
+	local factor = 10 ^ decimalPlacesOrNegativeForTens
+	local rounded = math.floor(math.abs(value) * factor + 0.5) / factor
+	return if value < 0 and rounded ~= 0 then -rounded else rounded
+end
+
+--[=[
+	The decimal mark `locale` writes numbers with, such as `"."` or `","`.
+
+	@param locale string
+	@return string
+]=]
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils.getDecimalSeparator(locale: string): string
+	local cached = decimalSeparators[locale]
+	if cached then
+		return cached
+	end
+
+	local separator = MetricUnitFormatUtils._readDecimalSeparatorFromAbbreviate(locale)
+	decimalSeparators[locale] = separator
+	return separator
+end
+
+-- NumberLocalizationUtils.localize always writes "." as the decimal mark; abbreviate writes the locale's
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._readDecimalSeparatorFromAbbreviate(locale: string): string
+	local probe = NumberLocalizationUtils.abbreviate(DECIMAL_SEPARATOR_PROBE, locale, nil, 1)
+	return string.match(probe, "^0(.-)5$") or "."
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._getUnitLocale(options: MetricUnitFormatOptions): MetricUnitFallbackStrings.UnitLocale
+	return MetricUnitFallbackStrings.getLocale(MetricUnitFormatUtils._fallbackStringsLocale(options))
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._fallbackStringsLocale(options: MetricUnitFormatOptions): string?
+	local writesSymbolsThatAreTheSameInEveryLocale = options.unitDisplay ~= "long"
+	if writesSymbolsThatAreTheSameInEveryLocale and not MetricUnitFallbackStrings.hasLocale(options.locale) then
+		return DEFAULT_LOCALE
+	end
+	return options.locale
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._pickPluralTemplate(
+	phrase: { one: string, other: string },
+	pluralRulesLocale: string?,
+	rounded: number,
+	fractionDigits: string
+): string
+	local category = PluralCategoryUtils.getPluralCategory(pluralRulesLocale, rounded, fractionDigits)
+	return if category == "one" then phrase.one else phrase.other
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._applyUnitPhrase(
+	phrase: MetricUnitFallbackStrings.UnitPhrase,
+	pluralRulesLocale: string?,
+	rounded: number,
+	numberText: string,
+	fraction: string
+): string
+	if type(phrase) == "function" then
+		return phrase(rounded, numberText)
+	end
+	local template = MetricUnitFormatUtils._pickPluralTemplate(phrase, pluralRulesLocale, rounded, fraction)
+	return (string.gsub(template, "%%s", function()
+		return numberText
+	end))
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._unitPhrase(
+	definition: UnitDefinition,
+	amount: number,
+	options: MetricUnitFormatOptions,
+	display: UnitDisplay?
+): string
+	local numberText, rounded, fraction = MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatNumber(amount, options)
+	local resolvedDisplay: UnitDisplay = display or options.unitDisplay or "short"
+
+	local override = if options.strings then options.strings[definition.id] else nil
+	local phrase = if override then (override :: any)[resolvedDisplay] else nil
+	if phrase == nil and options.translator then
+		local category = PluralCategoryUtils.getPluralCategory(options.locale, rounded, fraction)
+		local keys = {
+			MetricUnitFormatUtils._unitTranslationKey(definition.id, resolvedDisplay, category),
+			MetricUnitFormatUtils._unitTranslationKey(definition.id, resolvedDisplay, "other"),
+		}
+		local translated = MetricUnitFormatUtils._tryTranslate(options, keys, { n = numberText })
+			or MetricUnitFormatUtils._translatePrefixed(options, definition, resolvedDisplay, category, numberText)
+		if translated then
+			return translated
+		end
+	end
+	local pluralRulesLocale = options.locale
+	if phrase == nil then
+		local locale = MetricUnitFormatUtils._fallbackStringsLocale(options)
+		phrase = (MetricUnitFallbackStrings.getUnitNames(locale, definition) :: any)[resolvedDisplay]
+		pluralRulesLocale = ENGLISH_PLURAL_RULES
+	end
+
+	return MetricUnitFormatUtils._applyUnitPhrase(phrase, pluralRulesLocale, rounded, numberText, fraction)
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._translatePrefixed(
+	options: MetricUnitFormatOptions,
+	definition: UnitDefinition,
+	display: UnitDisplay,
+	category: string,
+	numberText: string
+): string?
+	local prefix = definition.prefix
+	if not prefix then
+		return nil
+	end
+	local baseText = MetricUnitFormatUtils._tryTranslate(options, {
+		MetricUnitFormatUtils._unitTranslationKey(prefix.base, display, category),
+		MetricUnitFormatUtils._unitTranslationKey(prefix.base, display, "other"),
+	}, { n = NUMBER_MARK })
+	local prefixPattern = MetricUnitFormatUtils._tryTranslate(
+		options,
+		{ "prefixes." .. prefix.name .. "." .. display },
+		{ unit = UNIT_MARK }
+	)
+	if not (baseText and prefixPattern) then
+		return nil
+	end
+
+	local unitText = MetricUnitFormatUtils._withoutNumber(baseText)
+	local start, finish = string.find(baseText, unitText, 1, true)
+	if unitText == "" or not start then
+		return nil
+	end
+	local prefixIsACapitalizedWordBeforeTheUnit = display == "long"
+		and string.match(prefixPattern, "^%u") ~= nil
+		and string.sub(prefixPattern, -#UNIT_MARK) == UNIT_MARK
+	local unitInPrefix = if prefixIsACapitalizedWordBeforeTheUnit
+		then string.lower(string.sub(unitText, 1, 1)) .. string.sub(unitText, 2)
+		else unitText
+	local prefixedUnit = string.gsub(prefixPattern, UNIT_MARK, function()
+		return unitInPrefix
+	end)
+	local text = string.sub(baseText, 1, start - 1) .. prefixedUnit .. string.sub(baseText, (finish :: number) + 1)
+	return (string.gsub(text, NUMBER_MARK, function()
+		return numberText
+	end))
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._withoutNumber(text: string): string
+	local unitText = string.gsub(text, NUMBER_MARK, "")
+	for _, space in { " ", MetricUnitFormatUtils.NO_BREAK_SPACE } do
+		while string.sub(unitText, 1, #space) == space do
+			unitText = string.sub(unitText, #space + 1)
+		end
+		while #unitText >= #space and string.sub(unitText, -#space) == space do
+			unitText = string.sub(unitText, 1, -#space - 1)
+		end
+	end
+	return unitText
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationUnitsLargestFirst(): { DurationUnit }
+	local found = durationUnitsLargestFirst
+	if found then
+		return found
+	end
+	local units: { DurationUnit } = {}
+	for _, duration in DURATION_FIELDS_LARGEST_FIRST do
+		local definition = assert(MetricUnitDefinitions.getUnit(duration.unitId), duration.unitId)
+		table.insert(units, { field = duration.field, factor = definition.factor })
+	end
+	local frozen = table.freeze(units)
+	durationUnitsLargestFirst = frozen
+	return frozen
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._unitTranslationKey(unitId: string, display: UnitDisplay, pluralCategory: string): string
+	return "units." .. unitId .. "." .. display .. "." .. pluralCategory
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._perUnit(unit: string): UnitDefinition
+	local per = MetricUnitDefinitions.getUnit(unit)
+	assert(
+		per and TIME_LOCALIZATION_FIELD_BY_UNIT_ID[per.id] and per.id ~= "millisecond",
+		string.format("Bad per unit %q, expected a second, minute, hour, day, week, month or year", unit)
+	)
+	return per
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._perPhrase(
+	per: UnitDefinition,
+	numeratorText: string,
+	options: MetricUnitFormatOptions
+): string
+	local display: UnitDisplay = options.unitDisplay or "short"
+
+	local override = if options.perStrings then options.perStrings[per.id] else nil
+	local template = if override then (override :: any)[display] else nil
+	if template == nil and options.translator then
+		local translated = MetricUnitFormatUtils._tryTranslate(
+			options,
+			{ "per." .. per.id .. "." .. display },
+			{ n = numeratorText }
+		)
+		if translated then
+			return translated
+		end
+	end
+	if template == nil then
+		local names = (MetricUnitFormatUtils._getUnitLocale(options).per :: any)[per.id]
+		assert(names, string.format("No per phrase for %q", per.id))
+		template = names[display]
+	end
+
+	return (string.gsub(template, "%%s", function()
+		return numeratorText
+	end))
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatRelative(
+	amount: number,
+	dimensions: MetricUnitDimensionUtils.Dimensions,
+	options: MetricUnitFormatOptions,
+	unit: (string | UnitDefinition)?,
+	absolute: boolean?
+): string
+	if next(dimensions) == nil and unit == nil then
+		return (MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatNumber(amount, options))
+	end
+
+	if unit then
+		local definition = MetricUnitFormatUtils._getUnit(options, unit)
+		if not definition then
+			error(
+				string.format("MetricUnitFormatUtils: no unit %q", if type(unit) == "string" then unit else unit.id),
+				3
+			)
+		end
+		if MetricUnitDimensionUtils.equal(definition.dimensions, dimensions) then
+			if definition.per then
+				return MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatRate(amount, dimensions, options, nil, definition.per)
+			end
+			return MetricUnitFormatUtils._unitPhrase(
+				definition,
+				MetricUnitFormatUtils._amountIn(amount, definition, absolute),
+				options
+			)
+		elseif not MetricUnitFormatUtils._isPerTime(dimensions) then
+			error(
+				string.format(
+					"MetricUnitFormatUtils: %s is %s, not %s",
+					definition.id,
+					MetricUnitDimensionUtils.describe(definition.dimensions),
+					MetricUnitDimensionUtils.describe(dimensions)
+				),
+				3
+			)
+		end
+	end
+
+	local isRateWrittenAsAsked = (unit ~= nil or options.perUnit ~= nil)
+		and MetricUnitFormatUtils._isPerTime(dimensions)
+	if isRateWrittenAsAsked then
+		return MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatRate(amount, dimensions, options, unit, options.perUnit)
+	end
+
+	local units = MetricUnitDisplayUnitUtils.getDisplayUnits(dimensions, options._system, absolute)
+	if units then
+		local definition
+		if options.autoUnit == false then
+			definition = MetricUnitDisplayUnitUtils.getBaseUnit(
+				MetricUnitDisplayUnitUtils.getDisplayUnits(dimensions, nil, absolute) or units
+			)
+		else
+			definition = MetricUnitDisplayUnitUtils.pickDisplayUnit(amount, units)
+		end
+		return MetricUnitFormatUtils._unitPhrase(
+			definition,
+			MetricUnitFormatUtils._amountIn(amount, definition, absolute),
+			options
+		)
+	end
+
+	if MetricUnitFormatUtils._isPerTime(dimensions) then
+		return MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatRate(amount, dimensions, options, unit, options.perUnit)
+	end
+
+	return MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatInBaseUnitSymbols(amount, dimensions, options)
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._amountIn(amount: number, definition: UnitDefinition, absolute: boolean?): number
+	local fromZero = if absolute then amount - (definition.zero or 0) else amount
+	return fromZero / definition.factor
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._isPerTime(dimensions: MetricUnitDimensionUtils.Dimensions): boolean
+	if dimensions.time == -1 then
+		return true
+	end
+	local numerator = MetricUnitDimensionUtils.combine(dimensions, MetricUnitKinds.TIME, 1)
+	return MetricUnitDisplayUnitUtils.getDisplayUnits(numerator) ~= nil
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatRate(
+	amount: number,
+	dimensions: MetricUnitDimensionUtils.Dimensions,
+	options: MetricUnitFormatOptions,
+	numeratorUnit: (string | UnitDefinition)?,
+	perUnit: string?
+): string
+	local per = if perUnit
+		then MetricUnitFormatUtils._perUnit(perUnit)
+		else MetricUnitDisplayUnitUtils.pickDisplayPerUnit(amount)
+
+	local numerator = MetricUnitDimensionUtils.combine(dimensions, MetricUnitKinds.TIME, 1)
+	local numeratorText = MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatRelative(amount * per.factor, numerator, options, numeratorUnit)
+	return MetricUnitFormatUtils._perPhrase(per, numeratorText, options)
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatInBaseUnitSymbols(
+	amount: number,
+	dimensions: MetricUnitDimensionUtils.Dimensions,
+	options: MetricUnitFormatOptions
+): string
+	local names: { string } = {}
+	for name in dimensions do
+		table.insert(names, name)
+	end
+	table.sort(names)
+
+	local over: { string } = {}
+	local under: { string } = {}
+	for _, name in names do
+		local exponent = dimensions[name]
+		local symbol = MetricUnitDisplayUnitUtils.getBaseSymbol(name)
+		local power = math.abs(exponent)
+		local part = if power == 1 then symbol else symbol .. (SUPERSCRIPTS[power] or "^" .. tostring(power))
+		table.insert(if exponent > 0 then over else under, part)
+	end
+
+	local text = MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatNumber(amount, options)
+	if #over > 0 then
+		text ..= MetricUnitFormatUtils.NO_BREAK_SPACE .. table.concat(over, "·")
+	end
+	for _, part in under do
+		text ..= "/" .. part
+	end
+	return text
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatDuration(seconds: number, options: MetricUnitFormatOptions): string
+	if options.unit then
+		local definition = MetricUnitFormatUtils._getUnit(options, options.unit)
+		assert(
+			definition and definition.duration,
+			string.format("MetricUnitFormatUtils: %s is not a time unit", tostring(options.unit))
+		)
+		return MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationUnitPhrase(definition, seconds / definition.factor, options)
+	end
+
+	if options.durationTemplate or options.durationStyle == "clock" then
+		return MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatClock(seconds, options)
+	end
+
+	local magnitude = math.abs(seconds)
+	if magnitude == 0 then
+		return MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationPhrase("seconds", 0, options)
+	elseif magnitude < 1e-3 then
+		local microsecond = assert(MetricUnitDefinitions.getUnit("microsecond"), "No microsecond")
+		return MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationUnitPhrase(microsecond, seconds / microsecond.factor, options)
+	end
+
+	local parts = MetricUnitFormatUtils._breakDuration(magnitude, options.maxParts or DEFAULT_DURATION_PARTS)
+	local pieces: { string } = {}
+	for _, part in parts do
+		local count = if #pieces == 0 and seconds < 0 then -part.count else part.count
+		table.insert(pieces, MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationPhrase(part.field, count, options))
+	end
+	return table.concat(pieces, options.separator or ", ")
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationUnitPhrase(
+	definition: UnitDefinition,
+	amount: number,
+	options: MetricUnitFormatOptions
+): string
+	local timeLocalizationField = TIME_LOCALIZATION_FIELD_BY_UNIT_ID[definition.id]
+	if timeLocalizationField then
+		return MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationPhrase(timeLocalizationField, amount, options)
+	elseif definition.id == "microsecond" then
+		local hasLongNames = MetricUnitFallbackStrings.hasLocale(options.locale)
+		local display: UnitDisplay = if hasLongNames then "long" else "short"
+		return MetricUnitFormatUtils._unitPhrase(definition, amount, options, display)
+	end
+	error(string.format("MetricUnitFormatUtils: no duration word for %q", definition.id))
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatClock(seconds: number, options: MetricUnitFormatOptions): string
+	local template = options.durationTemplate or "h:*mm:ss"
+	local tokensOutsideBracketedLiterals = string.gsub(template, "%b[]", "")
+	if string.find(tokensOutsideBracketedLiterals, YEAR_OR_MONTH_CLOCK_TOKENS) then
+		error(
+			string.format(
+				'MetricUnitFormatUtils: durationTemplate %q counts years or months, which TimeDurationUtils sizes differently from MetricUnit; use durationStyle = "words"',
+				template
+			),
+			4
+		)
+	end
+	return TimeDurationUtils.format(seconds, template)
+end
+
+type DurationPart = { field: string, count: number }
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._breakDuration(seconds: number, maxParts: number): { DurationPart }
+	assert(maxParts >= 1, "Bad maxParts")
+
+	local roundedParts = MetricUnitFormatUtils._breakDurationRoundingSmallestPart(seconds, maxParts)
+	local roundedTotal = MetricUnitFormatUtils._totalSeconds(roundedParts)
+	if roundedTotal == 0 then
+		return roundedParts
+	end
+
+	local partsWithRoundingCarried = MetricUnitFormatUtils._breakDurationRoundingSmallestPart(roundedTotal, maxParts)
+	return partsWithRoundingCarried
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._totalSeconds(parts: { DurationPart }): number
+	local total = 0
+	for _, part in parts do
+		total += part.count * MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationScale(part.field)
+	end
+	return total
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._breakDurationRoundingSmallestPart(seconds: number, maxParts: number): { DurationPart }
+	local smallest = MetricUnitFormatUtils._smallestKeptUnitIndex(seconds, maxParts)
+	local counts = MetricUnitFormatUtils._countWholeUnitsRoundingTheSmallest(seconds, smallest)
+	local parts: { DurationPart } = {}
+	for index = 1, smallest do
+		if counts[index] ~= 0 then
+			table.insert(
+				parts,
+				{ field = MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationUnitsLargestFirst()[index].field, count = counts[index] }
+			)
+		end
+	end
+	if #parts == 0 then
+		table.insert(parts, { field = MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationUnitsLargestFirst()[smallest].field, count = 0 })
+	end
+	return parts
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._smallestKeptUnitIndex(seconds: number, maxParts: number): number
+	local exactCounts = MetricUnitFormatUtils._countWholeUnitsRoundingTheSmallest(
+		seconds,
+		#MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationUnitsLargestFirst()
+	)
+
+	local smallest = #MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationUnitsLargestFirst()
+	local nonZeroUnitsKept = 0
+	for index, count in exactCounts do
+		if count ~= 0 then
+			nonZeroUnitsKept += 1
+			smallest = index
+			if nonZeroUnitsKept >= maxParts then
+				break
+			end
+		end
+	end
+	return smallest
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._countWholeUnitsRoundingTheSmallest(seconds: number, smallest: number): { number }
+	local counts: { number } = {}
+	local remaining = seconds
+	for index, unit in MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationUnitsLargestFirst() do
+		local count = 0
+		if index < smallest then
+			count = math.floor(remaining / unit.factor + WHOLE_UNIT_TOLERANCE)
+		elseif index == smallest then
+			count = math.floor(remaining / unit.factor + 0.5)
+		end
+		remaining -= count * unit.factor
+		counts[index] = count
+	end
+	return counts
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationScale(field: string): number
+	for _, unit in MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationUnitsLargestFirst() do
+		if unit.field == field then
+			return unit.factor
+		end
+	end
+	error(string.format("No duration unit %q", field))
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._joinNumberToUnitWithNoBreakSpace(text: string, numberText: string): string
+	local start, finish = string.find(text, numberText .. " ", 1, true)
+	if start and finish then
+		return string.sub(text, 1, finish - 1) .. MetricUnitFormatUtils.NO_BREAK_SPACE .. string.sub(text, finish + 1)
+	end
+	return text
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._replaceFirst(text: string, plain: string, replacement: string): string
+	local start, finish = string.find(text, plain, 1, true)
+	if start and finish then
+		return string.sub(text, 1, start - 1) .. replacement .. string.sub(text, finish + 1)
+	end
+	return text
+end
+
+function MetricUnitFormatUtils._durationPhrase(field: string, amount: number, options: MetricUnitFormatOptions): string
+	local numberText, rounded, fraction = MetricUnitFormatUtils._formatNumber(amount, options)
+
+	local overrides = options.durationStrings
+	local phrase = if overrides then overrides[field] else nil
+	if phrase == nil then
+		phrase = (TimeLocalizationUtils.getDurationStringsForLocale(options.locale) :: any)[field]
+	end
+	assert(phrase, string.format("No duration phrase for %q", field))
+
+	if type(phrase) == "function" then
+		local textWithTostringNumber = phrase(rounded)
+		local text = MetricUnitFormatUtils._replaceFirst(textWithTostringNumber, tostring(rounded), numberText)
+		return MetricUnitFormatUtils._joinNumberToUnitWithNoBreakSpace(text, numberText)
+	end
+
+	local template = MetricUnitFormatUtils._pickPluralTemplate(phrase, options.locale, rounded, fraction)
+	return MetricUnitFormatUtils._joinNumberToUnitWithNoBreakSpace((string.gsub(template, "%%d", function()
+		return numberText
+	end)), numberText)
+end
+
+return table.freeze(MetricUnitFormatUtils)