@psnext/slingcli 3.0.20260827-1 → 3.3.20260911-1

package/node_modules/zod/v4/core/to-json-schema.d.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,18 @@ import { type $ZodRegistry } from "./registries.js";
 import type * as schemas from "./schemas.js";
 import type { StandardJSONSchemaV1, StandardSchemaWithJSONProps } from "./standard-schema.js";
 export type Processor<T extends schemas.$ZodType = schemas.$ZodType> = (schema: T, ctx: ToJSONSchemaContext, json: JSONSchema.BaseSchema, params: ProcessParams) => void;
+/**
+ * Called for each schema that has no JSON Schema equivalent. Return a JSON Schema to use in its
+ * place, `"any"` to fall back to the `unrepresentable: "any"` behavior, or `"throw"`/`undefined` to
+ * throw the default error. Throwing from the handler propagates, so custom errors work too.
+ */
+export type UnrepresentableHandler<T extends schemas.$ZodType = schemas.$ZodType> = (ctx: {
+    zodSchema: T;
+    path: (string | number)[];
+    /** The error Zod would throw. Distinguishes sites that share a `zodSchema`, e.g. an `undefined`
+     *  vs a `bigint` member of the same literal. */
+    message: string;
+}) => JSONSchema.BaseSchema | "throw" | "any" | undefined;
 export interface JSONSchemaGeneratorParams {
     processors: Record<string, Processor>;
     /** A registry used to look up metadata for each schema. Any schema with an `id` property will be extracted as a $def.
@@ -17,8 +29,9 @@ export interface JSONSchemaGeneratorParams {
     target?: "draft-04" | "draft-07" | "draft-2020-12" | "openapi-3.0" | ({} & string) | undefined;
     /** How to handle unrepresentable types.
      * - `"throw"` — Default. Unrepresentable types throw an error
-     * - `"any"` — Unrepresentable types become `{}` */
-    unrepresentable?: "throw" | "any";
+     * - `"any"` — Unrepresentable types become `{}`
+     * - A function — called once per unrepresentable schema; see {@link UnrepresentableHandler}. */
+    unrepresentable?: "throw" | "any" | UnrepresentableHandler<schemas.$ZodTypes>;
     /** Arbitrary custom logic that can be used to modify the generated JSON Schema. */
     override?: (ctx: {
         zodSchema: schemas.$ZodTypes;
@@ -73,7 +86,7 @@ export interface ToJSONSchemaContext {
     processors: Record<string, Processor>;
     metadataRegistry: $ZodRegistry<Record<string, any>>;
     target: "draft-04" | "draft-07" | "draft-2020-12" | "openapi-3.0" | ({} & string);
-    unrepresentable: "throw" | "any";
+    unrepresentable: "throw" | "any" | UnrepresentableHandler;
     override: (ctx: {
         zodSchema: schemas.$ZodType;
         jsonSchema: JSONSchema.BaseSchema;
@@ -82,8 +95,28 @@ export interface ToJSONSchemaContext {
     io: "input" | "output";
     counter: number;
     seen: Map<schemas.$ZodType, Seen>;
+    /** Registry conversions share one `seen` map across every emitted schema. These hold the
+     * `external` the whole-map passes below last ran for, so the passes are not repeated once per
+     * schema — and still re-run if the map grows or `external` is swapped. `sharedEmitDoneFor`
+     * covers both passes in `finalize`: the ref flattening and the `$defs` build.
+     *
+     * The passes are valid only while nothing they read has changed, so both are cleared in
+     * `processSchema()` when the map grows, and in `JSONSchemaGenerator.emit()`, which can also change
+     * the `cycles` and `reused` they branch on.
+     *
+     * One case is deliberately not covered: an `override` callback that writes to
+     * `metadataRegistry` mid-conversion. It runs inside `finalize`, so a registry conversion has
+     * nowhere left to clear the guards, and later schemas keep the ids the first pass saw. That
+     * output was never coherent — before this, whether a shared subschema was inlined or extracted
+     * depended on which registry entry happened to be emitted when the callback fired. */
+    sharedDefsExtractedFor?: ToJSONSchemaContext["external"];
+    sharedEmitDoneFor?: ToJSONSchemaContext["external"];
     cycles: "ref" | "throw";
     reused: "ref" | "inline";
+    /** The `allOf` array of each intersection encountered during traversal, innermost first. `finalize` folds every emitted object holding one; see `foldIntersection`. */
+    intersections: JSONSchema.BaseSchema[][];
+    /** Rewrites a processor deferred to `finalize`, where the flatten has resolved every ref and the union branches are in place. */
+    deferred: (() => void)[];
     external?: {
         registry: $ZodRegistry<{
             id?: string | undefined;
@@ -93,9 +126,20 @@ export interface ToJSONSchemaContext {
     } | undefined;
 }
 export declare function initializeContext(params: JSONSchemaGeneratorParams): ToJSONSchemaContext;
-export declare function process<T extends schemas.$ZodType>(schema: T, ctx: ToJSONSchemaContext, _params?: ProcessParams): JSONSchema.BaseSchema;
+/**
+ * Applies the `unrepresentable` setting at a site that has no JSON Schema equivalent. Throws
+ * `message` unless the setting (or the handler's return value) says otherwise. Returns `true` if a
+ * custom JSON Schema was written into `json`, in which case the caller must not write its own.
+ */
+export declare function handleUnrepresentable(schema: schemas.$ZodType, ctx: ToJSONSchemaContext, json: JSONSchema.BaseSchema, params: ProcessParams, message: string): boolean;
+export declare function processSchema<T extends schemas.$ZodType>(schema: T, ctx: ToJSONSchemaContext, _params?: ProcessParams): JSONSchema.BaseSchema;
+/** @deprecated Renamed to `processSchema`. An export alias declares no binding, so it is safe to keep. */
+export { processSchema as process };
 export declare function extractDefs<T extends schemas.$ZodType>(ctx: ToJSONSchemaContext, schema: T): void;
 export declare function finalize<T extends schemas.$ZodType>(ctx: ToJSONSchemaContext, schema: T): ZodStandardJSONSchemaPayload<T>;
+export declare function isTransforming(_schema: schemas.$ZodType, _ctx?: {
+    seen: Set<schemas.$ZodType>;
+}): boolean;
 export type ZodStandardSchemaWithJSON<T> = StandardSchemaWithJSONProps<core.input<T>, core.output<T>>;
 export interface ZodStandardJSONSchemaPayload<T> extends JSONSchema.BaseSchema {
     "~standard": ZodStandardSchemaWithJSON<T>;
@@ -111,4 +155,3 @@ export declare const createToJSONSchemaMethod: <T extends schemas.$ZodType>(sche
  */
 type StandardJSONSchemaMethodParams = Parameters<StandardJSONSchemaV1["~standard"]["jsonSchema"]["input"]>[0];
 export declare const createStandardJSONSchemaMethod: <T extends schemas.$ZodType>(schema: T, io: "input" | "output", processors?: Record<string, Processor>) => (params?: StandardJSONSchemaMethodParams) => JSONSchema.BaseSchema;
-export {};

package/node_modules/zod/v4/core/to-json-schema.js

@@ -1,4 +1,15 @@
 import { globalRegistry } from "./registries.js";
+import { assignProp } from "./util.js";
+function assignProps(target, ...sources) {
+    for (const source of sources) {
+        for (const key of Reflect.ownKeys(source)) {
+            if (Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) {
+                assignProp(target, key, source[key]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return target;
+}
 // function initializeContext<T extends schemas.$ZodType>(inputs: JSONSchemaGeneratorParams<T>): ToJSONSchemaContext<T> {
 //   return {
 //     processor: inputs.processor,
@@ -23,12 +34,33 @@ export function initializeContext(params) {
         io: params?.io ?? "output",
         counter: 0,
         seen: new Map(),
+        sharedDefsExtractedFor: undefined,
+        sharedEmitDoneFor: undefined,
         cycles: params?.cycles ?? "ref",
         reused: params?.reused ?? "inline",
+        intersections: [],
+        deferred: [],
         external: params?.external ?? undefined,
     };
 }
-export function process(schema, ctx, _params = { path: [], schemaPath: [] }) {
+/**
+ * Applies the `unrepresentable` setting at a site that has no JSON Schema equivalent. Throws
+ * `message` unless the setting (or the handler's return value) says otherwise. Returns `true` if a
+ * custom JSON Schema was written into `json`, in which case the caller must not write its own.
+ */
+export function handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, message) {
+    const result = typeof ctx.unrepresentable === "function"
+        ? ctx.unrepresentable({ zodSchema: schema, path: params.path, message })
+        : ctx.unrepresentable;
+    if (result === "any")
+        return false;
+    if (result === undefined || result === "throw")
+        throw new Error(message);
+    Object.assign(json, result);
+    return true;
+}
+// never rename this back to `process`: bundler polyfills inject a top-level `const process` that a lexical declaration of the same name collides with (#6397)
+export function processSchema(schema, ctx, _params = { path: [], schemaPath: [] }) {
     var _a;
     const def = schema._zod.def;
     // check for schema in seens
@@ -45,6 +77,8 @@ export function process(schema, ctx, _params = { path: [], schemaPath: [] }) {
     // initialize
     const result = { schema: {}, count: 1, cycle: undefined, path: _params.path };
     ctx.seen.set(schema, result);
+    ctx.sharedDefsExtractedFor = undefined;
+    ctx.sharedEmitDoneFor = undefined;
     // custom method overrides default behavior
     const overrideSchema = schema._zod.toJSONSchema?.();
     if (overrideSchema) {
@@ -72,14 +106,14 @@ export function process(schema, ctx, _params = { path: [], schemaPath: [] }) {
             // Also set ref if processor didn't (for inheritance)
             if (!result.ref)
                 result.ref = parent;
-            process(parent, ctx, params);
+            processSchema(parent, ctx, params);
             ctx.seen.get(parent).isParent = true;
         }
     }
     // metadata
     const meta = ctx.metadataRegistry.get(schema);
     if (meta)
-        Object.assign(result.schema, meta);
+        assignProps(result.schema, meta);
     if (ctx.io === "input" && isTransforming(schema)) {
         // examples/defaults only apply to output type of pipe
         delete result.schema.examples;
@@ -93,6 +127,12 @@ export function process(schema, ctx, _params = { path: [], schemaPath: [] }) {
     const _result = ctx.seen.get(schema);
     return _result.schema;
 }
+/** @deprecated Renamed to `processSchema`. An export alias declares no binding, so it is safe to keep. */
+export { processSchema as process };
+// Escape a reference token for use in a JSON Pointer fragment (RFC 6901): `~` becomes `~0` and `/` becomes `~1`. The `~` replacement must run first.
+function encodeJSONPointerSegment(segment) {
+    return segment.replace(/~/g, "~0").replace(/\//g, "~1");
+}
 export function extractDefs(ctx, schema
 // params: EmitParams
 ) {
@@ -100,6 +140,9 @@ export function extractDefs(ctx, schema
     const root = ctx.seen.get(schema);
     if (!root)
         throw new Error("Unprocessed schema. This is a bug in Zod.");
+    // With `external` set, every registered schema resolves through the external branch of `makeURI`, so the root branch below produces the same ref the external branch would — this pass is identical whichever schema it is called with, and only needs to run once.
+    if (ctx.external && ctx.sharedDefsExtractedFor === ctx.external)
+        return;
     // Track ids to detect duplicates across different schemas
     const idToSchema = new Map();
     for (const entry of ctx.seen.entries()) {
@@ -112,12 +155,9 @@ export function extractDefs(ctx, schema
             idToSchema.set(id, entry[0]);
         }
     }
-    // returns a ref to the schema
-    // defId will be empty if the ref points to an external schema (or #)
+    // returns a ref to the schema defId will be empty if the ref points to an external schema (or #)
     const makeURI = (entry) => {
-        // comparing the seen objects because sometimes
-        // multiple schemas map to the same seen object.
-        // e.g. lazy
+        // comparing the seen objects because sometimes multiple schemas map to the same seen object. e.g. lazy
         // external is configured
         const defsSegment = ctx.target === "draft-2020-12" ? "$defs" : "definitions";
         if (ctx.external) {
@@ -130,19 +170,19 @@ export function extractDefs(ctx, schema
             // otherwise, add to __shared
             const id = entry[1].defId ?? entry[1].schema.id ?? `schema${ctx.counter++}`;
             entry[1].defId = id; // set defId so it will be reused if needed
-            return { defId: id, ref: `${uriGenerator("__shared")}#/${defsSegment}/${id}` };
-        }
-        if (entry[1] === root) {
-            return { ref: "#" };
+            return { defId: id, ref: `${uriGenerator("__shared")}#/${defsSegment}/${encodeJSONPointerSegment(id)}` };
         }
-        // self-contained schema
         const uriPrefix = `#`;
         const defUriPrefix = `${uriPrefix}/${defsSegment}/`;
+        // an id-less root has nowhere to be extracted to, so it stays inline and self-references as `#`
+        if (entry[1] === root && !entry[1].schema.id) {
+            return { ref: uriPrefix };
+        }
+        // self-contained schema
         const defId = entry[1].schema.id ?? `__schema${ctx.counter++}`;
-        return { defId, ref: defUriPrefix + defId };
+        return { defId, ref: defUriPrefix + encodeJSONPointerSegment(defId) };
     };
-    // stored cached version in `def` property
-    // remove all properties, set $ref
+    // stored cached version in `def` property remove all properties, set $ref
     const extractToDef = (entry) => {
         // if the schema is already a reference, do not extract it
         if (entry[1].schema.$ref) {
@@ -151,8 +191,7 @@ export function extractDefs(ctx, schema
         const seen = entry[1];
         const { ref, defId } = makeURI(entry);
         seen.def = { ...seen.schema };
-        // defId won't be set if the schema is a reference to an external schema
-        // or if the schema is the root schema
+        // defId won't be set if the schema is a reference to an external schema or if the schema is the root schema
         if (defId)
             seen.defId = defId;
         // wipe away all properties except $ref
@@ -206,11 +245,146 @@ export function extractDefs(ctx, schema
         if (seen.count > 1) {
             if (ctx.reused === "ref") {
                 extractToDef(entry);
-                // biome-ignore lint:
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (ctx.external)
+        ctx.sharedDefsExtractedFor = ctx.external;
+}
+/** Rewrites `anyOf: [{type: "a"}, {type: "b"}]` to `type: ["a", "b"]`, which every JSON Schema draft treats as equivalent and most consumers render far better for the nullable case. Only branches that are a bare type assertion qualify — anything carrying a constraint, `$ref`, `const` or metadata is left alone. Runs after `flattenRef`, so a branch an override decorated or `$defs` extraction turned into a `$ref` is no longer bare and correctly stays in `anyOf`. `oneOf` is excluded: `integer` and `number` overlap, so "exactly one" and "at least one" are not the same there. OpenAPI 3.0 is excluded: its `type` must be a single string. */
+function compactTypeUnion(schema) {
+    const options = schema.anyOf;
+    if (!Array.isArray(options) || options.length === 0 || schema.type !== undefined)
+        return;
+    const types = [];
+    for (const option of options) {
+        if (!option || typeof option !== "object")
+            return;
+        // A branch that is itself a compactible union folds into this one — nested `anyOf` and a flat `type` array say the same thing. Compacting it first also makes the result independent of the order this pass walks the seen map in.
+        compactTypeUnion(option);
+        const keys = Object.keys(option);
+        if (keys.length !== 1 || keys[0] !== "type")
+            return;
+        const type = option.type;
+        for (const member of Array.isArray(type) ? type : [type]) {
+            if (typeof member !== "string")
+                return;
+            if (!types.includes(member))
+                types.push(member);
+        }
+    }
+    delete schema.anyOf;
+    // A `type` array must be non-empty and unique (metaschema); a single member is spelled as a bare string.
+    schema.type = types.length === 1 ? types[0] : types;
+}
+/** Keywords `foldIntersection` knows how to combine. Anything else — `$ref`, `patternProperties`,
+ * an annotation like `description` — makes a member unfoldable, so a constraint this does not
+ * understand leaves the `allOf` alone instead of being silently dropped or misattributed. */
+const FOLDABLE_KEYS = new Set(["type", "properties", "required", "additionalProperties"]);
+const UNION_KEYS = ["oneOf", "anyOf"];
+/** A member's constraint on a key it does not declare itself. A `catchall` states one; `false`, an absent `additionalProperties`, and the empty schema a loose object emits state nothing. */
+function undeclaredConstraint(member) {
+    const extra = member.additionalProperties;
+    if (extra === undefined || extra === false || typeof extra !== "object" || extra === null)
+        return null;
+    return Object.keys(extra).length ? extra : null;
+}
+/** Combines object members into the single object they describe together, or returns `null` if any of them carries a keyword outside {@link FOLDABLE_KEYS}. */
+function foldObjects(members) {
+    const objects = [];
+    for (const member of members) {
+        // A boolean subschema is legal JSON Schema and carries no keywords to fold.
+        if (typeof member !== "object" || member.type !== "object")
+            return null;
+        for (const key in member) {
+            if (!FOLDABLE_KEYS.has(key))
+                return null;
+        }
+        objects.push(member);
+    }
+    const properties = {};
+    const required = new Set();
+    for (const object of objects) {
+        for (const key in object.properties) {
+            // `in` would report a `__proto__` key as already present via the prototype chain and skip it.
+            if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(properties, key))
                 continue;
+            // Every member constrains this key: the ones that declare it say how, and a `catchall` member constrains it too even though it does not name it. The key has to satisfy all of them, which is the same intersection one level down.
+            const parts = [];
+            for (const other of objects) {
+                const part = other.properties?.[key] ?? undeclaredConstraint(other);
+                if (part === null || part === undefined)
+                    continue;
+                if (!parts.some((seen) => JSON.stringify(seen) === JSON.stringify(part)))
+                    parts.push(part);
             }
+            const merged = parts.length === 1
+                ? parts[0]
+                : (foldObjects(parts) ?? { allOf: parts });
+            assignProp(properties, key, merged);
         }
+        for (const key of object.required ?? [])
+            required.add(key);
     }
+    const folded = { type: "object", properties };
+    if (required.size)
+        folded.required = [...required];
+    // A key no member declares is rejected only when every member rejects it, so the fold is closed only when every member is. Otherwise it carries whatever the `catchall` members demand of such a key.
+    if (objects.every((object) => object.additionalProperties === false)) {
+        folded.additionalProperties = false;
+    }
+    else {
+        const constraints = [];
+        for (const object of objects) {
+            const constraint = undeclaredConstraint(object);
+            if (constraint && !constraints.some((seen) => JSON.stringify(seen) === JSON.stringify(constraint)))
+                constraints.push(constraint);
+        }
+        if (constraints.length === 1)
+            folded.additionalProperties = constraints[0];
+        else if (constraints.length > 1)
+            folded.additionalProperties = { allOf: constraints };
+    }
+    return folded;
+}
+/** `additionalProperties` in an `allOf` member sees only that member's own `properties`, so two
+ * closed object members reject each other's keys and the schema validates nothing. Zod's parser
+ * pools the key sets instead — `handleIntersectionResults` reports a key as unrecognized only when
+ * *every* side rejects it — so the emitted schema has to pool them too, and folding the members
+ * into one object is the encoding that says so on every target.
+ *
+ * This runs from `finalize`, after `extractDefs`, which is what keeps it clear of the `$ref`
+ * machinery: a member extracted into `$defs` is already a `$ref` by now and declines to fold, so it
+ * keeps its reference and its own closedness rather than being inlined as a stale copy. */
+function foldIntersection(json) {
+    const allOf = json.allOf;
+    if (!Array.isArray(allOf) || allOf.length < 2)
+        return;
+    // An `override` runs before this pass and may have written object keywords onto the intersection itself. Those are deliberate, so decline rather than overwrite them.
+    for (const key of FOLDABLE_KEYS)
+        if (key in json)
+            return;
+    // An intersection distributes over a union: `A & (X | Y)` is `(A & X) | (A & Y)`. Only the first union is distributed over; a second one stays among the members every branch folds against, where it fails the object check and declines the whole intersection rather than multiplying out.
+    const unions = allOf.filter((m) => UNION_KEYS.some((k) => Array.isArray(m[k])));
+    let folded = null;
+    if (!unions.length) {
+        folded = foldObjects(allOf);
+    }
+    else {
+        const union = unions[0];
+        const keyword = UNION_KEYS.find((k) => Array.isArray(union[k]));
+        if (Object.keys(union).length !== 1)
+            return;
+        const rest = allOf.filter((m) => m !== union);
+        const branches = union[keyword].map((branch) => foldObjects([...rest, branch]));
+        if (branches.some((b) => !b))
+            return;
+        folded = { [keyword]: branches };
+    }
+    if (!folded)
+        return;
+    delete json.allOf;
+    assignProps(json, folded);
 }
 export function finalize(ctx, schema) {
     const root = ctx.seen.get(schema);
@@ -237,10 +411,10 @@ export function finalize(ctx, schema) {
                 schema.allOf.push(refSchema);
             }
             else {
-                Object.assign(schema, refSchema);
+                assignProps(schema, refSchema);
             }
             // restore child's own properties (child wins)
-            Object.assign(schema, _cached);
+            assignProps(schema, _cached);
             const isParentRef = zodSchema._zod.parent === ref;
             // For parent chain, child is a refinement - remove parent-only properties
             if (isParentRef) {
@@ -263,9 +437,7 @@ export function finalize(ctx, schema) {
                 }
             }
         }
-        // If parent was extracted (has $ref), propagate $ref to this schema
-        // This handles cases like: readonly().meta({id}).describe()
-        // where processor sets ref to innerType but parent should be referenced
+        // If parent was extracted (has $ref), propagate $ref to this schema. This handles cases like: readonly().meta({id}).describe() where processor sets ref to innerType but parent should be referenced
         const parent = zodSchema._zod.parent;
         if (parent && parent !== ref) {
             // Ensure parent is processed first so its def has inherited properties
@@ -292,8 +464,38 @@ export function finalize(ctx, schema) {
             path: seen.path ?? [],
         });
     };
-    for (const entry of [...ctx.seen.entries()].reverse()) {
-        flattenRef(entry[0]);
+    // Flattening walks the whole map and clears each `ref` as it goes, so a second call over the same map is a no-op scan. Skip it outright once it has run for a registry conversion.
+    if (!ctx.external || ctx.sharedEmitDoneFor !== ctx.external) {
+        for (const entry of [...ctx.seen.entries()].reverse()) {
+            flattenRef(entry[0]);
+        }
+        if (ctx.target !== "openapi-3.0") {
+            for (const entry of ctx.seen.entries()) {
+                compactTypeUnion(entry[1].def ?? entry[1].schema);
+            }
+        }
+        for (const rewrite of ctx.deferred)
+            rewrite();
+        // After flattening, every member that was extracted is a `$ref`, so the fold sees the final shape. A schema that inherits an intersection — through `z.lazy`, or any `ref` chain — holds the same `allOf` array, so fold by array identity to catch every copy.
+        if (ctx.intersections.length) {
+            const carriers = new Map();
+            for (const seen of ctx.seen.values()) {
+                for (const json of [seen.schema, seen.def]) {
+                    const allOf = json?.allOf;
+                    if (!Array.isArray(allOf))
+                        continue;
+                    const existing = carriers.get(allOf);
+                    if (existing)
+                        existing.push(json);
+                    else
+                        carriers.set(allOf, [json]);
+                }
+            }
+            for (const allOf of ctx.intersections) {
+                for (const json of carriers.get(allOf) ?? [])
+                    foldIntersection(json);
+            }
+        }
     }
     const result = {};
     if (ctx.target === "draft-2020-12") {
@@ -317,24 +519,26 @@ export function finalize(ctx, schema) {
             throw new Error("Schema is missing an `id` property");
         result.$id = ctx.external.uri(id);
     }
-    Object.assign(result, root.def ?? root.schema);
-    // The `id` in `.meta()` is a Zod-specific registration tag used to extract
-    // schemas into $defs — it is not user-facing JSON Schema metadata. Strip it
-    // from the output body where it would otherwise leak. The id is preserved
-    // implicitly via the $defs key (and via $ref paths).
+    // when the root was extracted into $defs, `root.schema` is the `$ref` wrapper and `root.def` is the body that now lives under $defs
+    assignProps(result, root.defId ? root.schema : (root.def ?? root.schema));
+    // The `id` in `.meta()` is a Zod-specific registration tag used to extract schemas into $defs — it is not user-facing JSON Schema metadata. Strip it from the output body where it would otherwise leak. The id is preserved implicitly via the $defs key (and via $ref paths).
     const rootMetaId = ctx.metadataRegistry.get(schema)?.id;
     if (rootMetaId !== undefined && result.id === rootMetaId)
         delete result.id;
-    // build defs object
+    // build defs object. With `external`, `defs` is the shared object every schema writes into, so the same entries are reassigned on every call. Without it, `defs` is fresh per call and must be rebuilt.
     const defs = ctx.external?.defs ?? {};
-    for (const entry of ctx.seen.entries()) {
-        const seen = entry[1];
-        if (seen.def && seen.defId) {
-            if (seen.def.id === seen.defId)
-                delete seen.def.id;
-            defs[seen.defId] = seen.def;
+    if (!ctx.external || ctx.sharedEmitDoneFor !== ctx.external) {
+        for (const entry of ctx.seen.entries()) {
+            const seen = entry[1];
+            if (seen.def && seen.defId) {
+                if (seen.def.id === seen.defId)
+                    delete seen.def.id;
+                assignProp(defs, seen.defId, seen.def);
+            }
         }
     }
+    if (ctx.external)
+        ctx.sharedEmitDoneFor = ctx.external;
     // set definitions in result
     if (ctx.external) {
     }
@@ -349,9 +553,7 @@ export function finalize(ctx, schema) {
         }
     }
     try {
-        // this "finalizes" this schema and ensures all cycles are removed
-        // each call to finalize() is functionally independent
-        // though the seen map is shared
+        // this "finalizes" this schema and ensures all cycles are removed each call to finalize() is functionally independent though the seen map is shared
         const finalized = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(result));
         Object.defineProperty(finalized, "~standard", {
             value: {
@@ -370,7 +572,7 @@ export function finalize(ctx, schema) {
         throw new Error("Error converting schema to JSON.");
     }
 }
-function isTransforming(_schema, _ctx) {
+export function isTransforming(_schema, _ctx) {
     const ctx = _ctx ?? { seen: new Set() };
     if (ctx.seen.has(_schema))
         return false;
@@ -390,7 +592,8 @@ function isTransforming(_schema, _ctx) {
         def.type === "nullable" ||
         def.type === "readonly" ||
         def.type === "default" ||
-        def.type === "prefault") {
+        def.type === "prefault" ||
+        def.type === "catch") {
         return isTransforming(def.innerType, ctx);
     }
     if (def.type === "intersection") {
@@ -435,14 +638,14 @@ function isTransforming(_schema, _ctx) {
  */
 export const createToJSONSchemaMethod = (schema, processors = {}) => (params) => {
     const ctx = initializeContext({ ...params, processors });
-    process(schema, ctx);
+    processSchema(schema, ctx);
     extractDefs(ctx, schema);
     return finalize(ctx, schema);
 };
 export const createStandardJSONSchemaMethod = (schema, io, processors = {}) => (params) => {
     const { libraryOptions, target } = params ?? {};
     const ctx = initializeContext({ ...(libraryOptions ?? {}), target, io, processors });
-    process(schema, ctx);
+    processSchema(schema, ctx);
     extractDefs(ctx, schema);
     return finalize(ctx, schema);
 };