@prisma-next/driver-postgres 0.9.0-dev.2 → 0.9.0-dev.4

package/dist/runtime.d.mts

@@ -25,6 +25,13 @@ interface PostgresDriverOptions {
     pool: Pool;
   };
   readonly cursor?: PostgresCursorOptions | undefined;
+  /**
+   * Use server-side prepared statements for `executePrepared`. Default
+   * `true`. Set `false` when running behind a transaction-mode pooler that
+   * does not support session-scoped prepared statements (e.g. PgBouncer
+   * transaction mode).
+   */
+  readonly preparedStatements?: boolean | undefined;
 }
 type PostgresDriverCreateOptions = Omit<PostgresDriverOptions, 'connect'>;
 //#endregion

package/dist/runtime.d.mts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"runtime.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../src/postgres-driver.ts","../src/exports/runtime.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;KAsBY,WAAA,WAAsB,cAAA,GAAiB,cAAA,IAAkB,aAAA,CAAc,CAAA;AAAA,KAEvE,eAAA;EAAA,SACG,IAAA;EAAA,SAAsB,GAAA;AAAA;EAAA,SACtB,IAAA;EAAA,SAAyB,IAAA,EAAM,IAAA;AAAA;EAAA,SAC/B,IAAA;EAAA,SAA2B,MAAA,EAAQ,MAAA;AAAA;AAAA,UAEjC,qBAAA;EAAA,SACN,SAAA;EAAA,SACA,QAAA;AAAA;AAAA,UAGD,qBAAA;EAAA,SACC,OAAA;IAAW,MAAA,EAAQ,MAAA;EAAA;IAAa,IAAA,EAAM,IAAA;EAAA;EAAA,SACtC,MAAA,GAAS,qBAAA;AAAA;AAAA,KAGR,2BAAA,GAA8B,IAAA,CAAK,qBAAA;;;KCrBnC,qBAAA,GAAwB,qBAAA,sBAClC,SAAA,CAAU,eAAA;AAAA,cAsKN,+BAAA,EAAiC,uBAAA,oBAGrC,2BAAA,EACA,qBAAA"}
+{"version":3,"file":"runtime.d.mts","names":[],"sources":["../src/postgres-driver.ts","../src/exports/runtime.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;KAyBY,WAAA,WAAsB,cAAA,GAAiB,cAAA,IAAkB,aAAA,CAAc,CAAA;AAAA,KAEvE,eAAA;EAAA,SACG,IAAA;EAAA,SAAsB,GAAA;AAAA;EAAA,SACtB,IAAA;EAAA,SAAyB,IAAA,EAAM,IAAA;AAAA;EAAA,SAC/B,IAAA;EAAA,SAA2B,MAAA,EAAQ,MAAA;AAAA;AAAA,UAEjC,qBAAA;EAAA,SACN,SAAA;EAAA,SACA,QAAA;AAAA;AAAA,UAGD,qBAAA;EAAA,SACC,OAAA;IAAW,MAAA,EAAQ,MAAA;EAAA;IAAa,IAAA,EAAM,IAAA;EAAA;EAAA,SACtC,MAAA,GAAS,qBAAA;EAToC;;;;;;EAAA,SAgB7C,kBAAA;AAAA;AAAA,KAGC,2BAAA,GAA8B,IAAA,CAAK,qBAAA;;;KC9BnC,qBAAA,GAAwB,qBAAA,sBAClC,SAAA,CAAU,eAAA;AAAA,cAqLN,+BAAA,EAAiC,uBAAA,oBAGrC,2BAAA,EACA,qBAAA"}

package/dist/runtime.mjs

@@ -14,8 +14,69 @@ function callbackToPromise(fn) {
 	});
 }
 //#endregion
+//#region src/named-cursor.ts
+let nextNamedPortalId = 1;
+/** Streaming cursor for a server-side named prepared statement. */
+var NamedCursor = class extends Cursor {
+	name;
+	constructor(opts) {
+		super(opts.text, [...opts.values], opts.config);
+		this.name = opts.name;
+		this.submit = this.submitNamed;
+	}
+	submitNamed(connection) {
+		const self = this;
+		const conn = connection;
+		self.state = "submitted";
+		self.connection = conn;
+		self._portal = `np_${nextNamedPortalId++}`;
+		if (!conn.parsedStatements[this.name]) {
+			const parseMessage = {
+				text: self.text,
+				name: this.name,
+				types: []
+			};
+			conn.parse(parseMessage, true);
+		}
+		const bindMessage = {
+			portal: self._portal,
+			statement: this.name,
+			values: self.values ?? []
+		};
+		conn.bind(bindMessage, true);
+		conn.describe({
+			type: "P",
+			name: self._portal
+		}, true);
+		conn.flush();
+		if (self._conf.types) self._result._getTypeParser = self._conf.types.getTypeParser;
+		conn.once("noData", self._ifNoData);
+		conn.once("rowDescription", self._rowDescription);
+	}
+};
+//#endregion
 //#region src/postgres-driver.ts
 const DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 100;
+const DEFAULT_PREPARED_STATEMENTS = true;
+function createHandleAllocator() {
+	let next = 1;
+	return { mint: () => `pn_${next++}` };
+}
+function buildConnectionOptions(options) {
+	return {
+		...options.cursor?.disabled ? { cursorDisabled: true } : {
+			cursorBatchSize: options.cursor?.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,
+			cursorDisabled: false
+		},
+		preparedStatementsEnabled: options.preparedStatements ?? DEFAULT_PREPARED_STATEMENTS,
+		handleAllocator: createHandleAllocator()
+	};
+}
+function isStalePreparedStatementError(error) {
+	if (!(error instanceof Error)) return false;
+	const code = error.code;
+	return code === "26000" || code === "0A000";
+}
 var AsyncMutex = class {
 	#queue = Promise.resolve();
 	async lock() {
@@ -37,18 +98,53 @@ var PostgresQueryable = class {
 		this.options = options;
 	}
 	async *execute(request) {
+		try {
+			yield* this.runQuery(request);
+		} catch (error) {
+			throw normalizePgError(error);
+		}
+	}
+	async *executePrepared(request) {
+		if (!this.options.preparedStatementsEnabled) {
+			yield* this.execute(request);
+			return;
+		}
+		let handle = request.handle.get();
+		if (handle === void 0) {
+			handle = this.options.handleAllocator.mint();
+			request.handle.set(handle);
+		}
+		yield* this.withStaleHandleRetry(request, handle, (h) => this.runQuery(request, h));
+	}
+	async *withStaleHandleRetry(request, handle, attempt) {
+		let yielded = false;
+		try {
+			for await (const row of attempt(handle)) {
+				yielded = true;
+				yield row;
+			}
+			return;
+		} catch (error) {
+			if (yielded || !isStalePreparedStatementError(error)) throw normalizePgError(error);
+			const retryHandle = this.options.handleAllocator.mint();
+			request.handle.set(retryHandle);
+			try {
+				yield* attempt(retryHandle);
+			} catch (retryError) {
+				throw normalizePgError(retryError);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	async *runQuery(request, name) {
 		const client = await this.acquireClient();
 		try {
 			if (!this.options.cursorDisabled) try {
-				for await (const row of this.executeWithCursor(client, request.sql, request.params, this.options.cursorBatchSize)) yield row;
+				for await (const row of this.executeWithCursor(client, request.sql, request.params, this.options.cursorBatchSize, name)) yield row;
 				return;
 			} catch (cursorError) {
-				if (!(cursorError instanceof Error)) throw cursorError;
-				if (isPostgresError(cursorError)) throw normalizePgError(cursorError);
+				if (!(cursorError instanceof Error) || isPostgresError(cursorError)) throw cursorError;
 			}
-			for await (const row of this.executeBuffered(client, request.sql, request.params)) yield row;
-		} catch (error) {
-			throw normalizePgError(error);
+			for await (const row of this.executeBuffered(client, request.sql, request.params, name)) yield row;
 		} finally {
 			await this.releaseClient(client);
 		}
@@ -70,8 +166,13 @@ var PostgresQueryable = class {
 			await this.releaseClient(client);
 		}
 	}
-	async *executeWithCursor(client, sql, params, cursorBatchSize) {
-		const cursor = client.query(new Cursor(sql, params));
+	async *executeWithCursor(client, sql, params, cursorBatchSize, name) {
+		const values = params ?? [];
+		const cursor = client.query(name === void 0 ? new Cursor(sql, values) : new NamedCursor({
+			name,
+			text: sql,
+			values
+		}));
 		try {
 			while (true) {
 				const rows = await readCursor(cursor, cursorBatchSize);
@@ -82,8 +183,13 @@ var PostgresQueryable = class {
 			await closeCursor(cursor);
 		}
 	}
-	async *executeBuffered(client, sql, params) {
-		const result = await client.query(sql, params);
+	async *executeBuffered(client, sql, params, name) {
+		const config = {
+			name,
+			text: sql,
+			values: params ?? []
+		};
+		const result = await client.query(config);
 		for (const row of result.rows) yield row;
 	}
 };
@@ -152,10 +258,7 @@ var PostgresPoolDriverImpl = class extends PostgresQueryable {
 	pool;
 	#closed = false;
 	constructor(options) {
-		super({
-			cursorBatchSize: options.cursor?.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,
-			cursorDisabled: options.cursor?.disabled ?? false
-		});
+		super(buildConnectionOptions(options));
 		this.pool = options.connect.pool;
 	}
 	get state() {
@@ -184,10 +287,7 @@ var PostgresDirectDriverImpl = class extends PostgresQueryable {
 	#connected = false;
 	#connectPromise;
 	constructor(options) {
-		super({
-			cursorBatchSize: options.cursor?.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,
-			cursorDisabled: options.cursor?.disabled ?? false
-		});
+		super(buildConnectionOptions(options));
 		this.directClient = options.connect.client;
 	}
 	get state() {
@@ -244,7 +344,8 @@ var PostgresDirectDriverImpl = class extends PostgresQueryable {
 	}
 	async releaseClient(_client) {}
 };
-function createBoundDriverFromBinding(binding, cursorOpts) {
+function createBoundDriverFromBinding(binding, cursorOpts, extraOpts) {
+	const preparedStatements = extraOpts?.preparedStatements;
 	switch (binding.kind) {
 		case "url": return new PostgresPoolDriverImpl({
 			connect: { pool: new Pool({
@@ -252,15 +353,18 @@ function createBoundDriverFromBinding(binding, cursorOpts) {
 				connectionTimeoutMillis: 2e4,
 				idleTimeoutMillis: 3e4
 			}) },
-			cursor: cursorOpts
+			cursor: cursorOpts,
+			preparedStatements
 		});
 		case "pgPool": return new PostgresPoolDriverImpl({
 			connect: { pool: binding.pool },
-			cursor: cursorOpts
+			cursor: cursorOpts,
+			preparedStatements
 		});
 		case "pgClient": return new PostgresDirectDriverImpl({
 			connect: { client: binding.client },
-			cursor: cursorOpts
+			cursor: cursorOpts,
+			preparedStatements
 		});
 	}
 }
@@ -306,8 +410,10 @@ var PostgresUnboundDriverImpl = class {
 	#delegate = null;
 	#closed = false;
 	#cursorOpts;
-	constructor(cursorOpts) {
-		this.#cursorOpts = cursorOpts;
+	#preparedStatements;
+	constructor(options) {
+		this.#cursorOpts = options?.cursor;
+		this.#preparedStatements = options?.preparedStatements;
 	}
 	get state() {
 		if (this.#delegate !== null) return "connected";
@@ -321,7 +427,7 @@ var PostgresUnboundDriverImpl = class {
 	}
 	async connect(binding) {
 		if (this.#delegate !== null) throw driverError("DRIVER.ALREADY_CONNECTED", ALREADY_CONNECTED_MESSAGE, { bindingKind: binding.kind });
-		this.#delegate = createBoundDriverFromBinding(binding, this.#cursorOpts);
+		this.#delegate = createBoundDriverFromBinding(binding, this.#cursorOpts, { preparedStatements: this.#preparedStatements });
 		this.#closed = false;
 	}
 	async acquireConnection() {
@@ -347,6 +453,7 @@ var PostgresUnboundDriverImpl = class {
 		const wrapped = {
 			beginTransaction: connection.beginTransaction.bind(connection),
 			execute: connection.execute.bind(connection),
+			executePrepared: connection.executePrepared.bind(connection),
 			query: connection.query.bind(connection),
 			release: async () => {
 				try {
@@ -379,6 +486,11 @@ var PostgresUnboundDriverImpl = class {
 		if (delegate === null) return unboundExecute();
 		return delegate.execute(request);
 	}
+	executePrepared(request) {
+		const delegate = this.#delegate;
+		if (delegate === null) return unboundExecute();
+		return delegate.executePrepared(request);
+	}
 	async explain(request) {
 		const delegate = this.#requireDelegate();
 		const explain = delegate.explain;
@@ -392,7 +504,7 @@ var PostgresUnboundDriverImpl = class {
 const postgresRuntimeDriverDescriptor = {
 	...postgresDriverDescriptorMeta,
 	create(options) {
-		return new PostgresUnboundDriverImpl(options?.cursor);
+		return new PostgresUnboundDriverImpl(options);
 	}
 };
 //#endregion

package/dist/runtime.mjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"runtime.mjs","names":["#queue","#connection","#onRelease","#onDestroy","#closed","#connectionMutex","#closeWhileHoldingLease","#connected","#connectPromise","#cursorOpts","#delegate","#closed","#requireDelegate","#wrapConnection"],"sources":["../src/callback-to-promise.ts","../src/postgres-driver.ts","../src/exports/runtime.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Wraps a Node-style callback function into a Promise.\n * Supports both (err) => void and (err, result) => void patterns.\n */\nexport function callbackToPromise(\n  fn: (callback: (err: Error | null | undefined) => void) => void,\n): Promise<void>;\nexport function callbackToPromise<T>(\n  fn: (callback: (err: Error | null | undefined, result: T) => void) => void,\n): Promise<T>;\nexport function callbackToPromise<T = void>(\n  fn: (callback: (err: Error | null | undefined, result?: T) => void) => void,\n): Promise<T> {\n  return new Promise<T>((resolve, reject) => {\n    fn((err, result) => {\n      if (err) {\n        reject(err);\n        return;\n      }\n      resolve(result as T);\n    });\n  });\n}\n","import type {\n  SqlConnection,\n  SqlDriver,\n  SqlDriverState,\n  SqlExecuteRequest,\n  SqlExplainResult,\n  SqlQueryable,\n  SqlQueryResult,\n  SqlTransaction,\n} from '@prisma-next/sql-relational-core/ast';\nimport type {\n  Client,\n  QueryResult as PgQueryResult,\n  PoolClient,\n  Pool as PoolType,\n  QueryResultRow,\n} from 'pg';\nimport { Pool } from 'pg';\nimport Cursor from 'pg-cursor';\nimport { callbackToPromise } from './callback-to-promise';\nimport { isAlreadyConnectedError, isPostgresError, normalizePgError } from './normalize-error';\n\nexport type QueryResult<T extends QueryResultRow = QueryResultRow> = PgQueryResult<T>;\n\nexport type PostgresBinding =\n  | { readonly kind: 'url'; readonly url: string }\n  | { readonly kind: 'pgPool'; readonly pool: PoolType }\n  | { readonly kind: 'pgClient'; readonly client: Client };\n\nexport interface PostgresCursorOptions {\n  readonly batchSize?: number;\n  readonly disabled?: boolean;\n}\n\ninterface PostgresDriverOptions {\n  readonly connect: { client: Client } | { pool: PoolType };\n  readonly cursor?: PostgresCursorOptions | undefined;\n}\n\nexport type PostgresDriverCreateOptions = Omit<PostgresDriverOptions, 'connect'>;\n\nconst DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 100;\n\ntype ConnectionOptions =\n  | { readonly cursorDisabled: true }\n  | { readonly cursorBatchSize: number; readonly cursorDisabled: false };\n\nclass AsyncMutex {\n  #queue = Promise.resolve();\n\n  async lock(): Promise<() => void> {\n    const previous = this.#queue;\n    let releaseLock: (() => void) | undefined;\n    this.#queue = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {\n      releaseLock = resolve;\n    });\n    await previous;\n    return () => {\n      releaseLock?.();\n      releaseLock = undefined;\n    };\n  }\n}\n\nabstract class PostgresQueryable<C extends PoolClient | Client = PoolClient | Client>\n  implements SqlQueryable\n{\n  abstract acquireClient(): Promise<C>;\n  abstract releaseClient(client: C): Promise<void>;\n\n  protected readonly options: ConnectionOptions;\n\n  constructor(options: ConnectionOptions) {\n    this.options = options;\n  }\n\n  async *execute<Row = Record<string, unknown>>(request: SqlExecuteRequest): AsyncIterable<Row> {\n    const client = await this.acquireClient();\n    try {\n      if (!this.options.cursorDisabled) {\n        try {\n          for await (const row of this.executeWithCursor(\n            client,\n            request.sql,\n            request.params,\n            this.options.cursorBatchSize,\n          )) {\n            yield row as Row;\n          }\n          return;\n        } catch (cursorError) {\n          if (!(cursorError instanceof Error)) {\n            throw cursorError;\n          }\n          // Check if this is a pg error - if so, normalize and throw\n          // Otherwise, fall back to buffered mode for cursor-specific errors\n          if (isPostgresError(cursorError)) {\n            throw normalizePgError(cursorError);\n          }\n          // Not a pg error - cursor-specific error, fall back to buffered mode\n        }\n      }\n\n      for await (const row of this.executeBuffered(client, request.sql, request.params)) {\n        yield row as Row;\n      }\n    } catch (error) {\n      throw normalizePgError(error);\n    } finally {\n      await this.releaseClient(client);\n    }\n  }\n\n  async explain(request: SqlExecuteRequest): Promise<SqlExplainResult> {\n    // SQL is generated by Prisma Next planners (or validated raw paths), so\n    // EXPLAIN prefixing preserves the same statement semantics.\n    const text = `EXPLAIN (FORMAT JSON) ${request.sql}`;\n    const client = await this.acquireClient();\n    try {\n      const result = await client\n        .query(text, request.params as unknown[] | undefined)\n        .catch(rethrowNormalizedError);\n      return { rows: result.rows as ReadonlyArray<Record<string, unknown>> };\n    } finally {\n      await this.releaseClient(client);\n    }\n  }\n\n  async query<Row = Record<string, unknown>>(\n    sql: string,\n    params?: readonly unknown[],\n  ): Promise<SqlQueryResult<Row>> {\n    const client = await this.acquireClient();\n    try {\n      const result = await client\n        .query(sql, params as unknown[] | undefined)\n        .catch(rethrowNormalizedError);\n      return result as unknown as SqlQueryResult<Row>;\n    } finally {\n      await this.releaseClient(client);\n    }\n  }\n\n  private async *executeWithCursor(\n    client: PoolClient | Client,\n    sql: string,\n    params: readonly unknown[] | undefined,\n    cursorBatchSize: number,\n  ): AsyncIterable<Record<string, unknown>> {\n    const cursor = client.query(new Cursor(sql, params as unknown[] | undefined));\n\n    try {\n      while (true) {\n        const rows = await readCursor(cursor, cursorBatchSize);\n        if (rows.length === 0) {\n          break;\n        }\n\n        for (const row of rows) {\n          yield row;\n        }\n      }\n    } finally {\n      await closeCursor(cursor);\n    }\n  }\n\n  private async *executeBuffered(\n    client: PoolClient | Client,\n    sql: string,\n    params: readonly unknown[] | undefined,\n  ): AsyncIterable<Record<string, unknown>> {\n    const result = await client.query(sql, params as unknown[] | undefined);\n    for (const row of result.rows as Record<string, unknown>[]) {\n      yield row;\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nclass PostgresConnectionImpl extends PostgresQueryable implements SqlConnection {\n  #connection: PoolClient | Client;\n  #onRelease: (() => void) | undefined;\n  #onDestroy: ((reason: unknown) => Promise<void> | void) | undefined;\n\n  constructor(\n    connection: PoolClient | Client,\n    options: ConnectionOptions,\n    onRelease?: () => void,\n    onDestroy?: (reason: unknown) => Promise<void> | void,\n  ) {\n    super(options);\n    this.#connection = connection;\n    this.#onRelease = onRelease;\n    this.#onDestroy = onDestroy;\n  }\n\n  override acquireClient(): Promise<PoolClient | Client> {\n    return Promise.resolve(this.#connection);\n  }\n\n  override releaseClient(_client: PoolClient | Client): Promise<void> {\n    return Promise.resolve();\n  }\n\n  async beginTransaction(): Promise<SqlTransaction> {\n    await this.#connection.query('BEGIN').catch(rethrowNormalizedError);\n    return new PostgresTransactionImpl(this.#connection, this.options);\n  }\n\n  async release(): Promise<void> {\n    const conn = this.#connection;\n    if ('release' in conn) {\n      conn.release();\n    }\n    const onRelease = this.#onRelease;\n    this.#onRelease = undefined;\n    this.#onDestroy = undefined;\n    onRelease?.();\n  }\n\n  async destroy(reason?: unknown): Promise<void> {\n    const onDestroy = this.#onDestroy;\n    const onRelease = this.#onRelease;\n    this.#onDestroy = undefined;\n    this.#onRelease = undefined;\n\n    const conn = this.#connection;\n    if ('release' in conn) {\n      // Pass a truthy Error to pg's PoolClient.release so the pool evicts the\n      // client instead of returning it for reuse. A connection that reaches\n      // destroy() is in an indeterminate state (failed rollback/commit, etc.)\n      // and must not be handed back to another caller. The Error value is\n      // surfaced on pg-pool's 'release' event as advisory context; pg-pool\n      // itself only uses its truthiness for the eviction decision.\n      const releaseArg: Error =\n        reason instanceof Error ? reason : new Error('Connection destroyed');\n      conn.release(releaseArg);\n    }\n\n    if (onDestroy) {\n      await onDestroy(reason);\n    } else {\n      onRelease?.();\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nclass PostgresTransactionImpl extends PostgresQueryable implements SqlTransaction {\n  #connection: PoolClient | Client;\n\n  constructor(connection: PoolClient | Client, options: ConnectionOptions) {\n    super(options);\n    this.#connection = connection;\n  }\n\n  override acquireClient(): Promise<PoolClient | Client> {\n    return Promise.resolve(this.#connection);\n  }\n\n  override releaseClient(_client: PoolClient | Client): Promise<void> {\n    return Promise.resolve();\n  }\n\n  async commit(): Promise<void> {\n    await this.#connection.query('COMMIT').catch(rethrowNormalizedError);\n  }\n\n  async rollback(): Promise<void> {\n    await this.#connection.query('ROLLBACK').catch(rethrowNormalizedError);\n  }\n}\n\nclass PostgresPoolDriverImpl\n  extends PostgresQueryable<PoolClient>\n  implements SqlDriver<PostgresBinding>\n{\n  private readonly pool: PoolType;\n  #closed = false;\n\n  constructor(options: PostgresDriverOptions & { connect: { pool: PoolType } }) {\n    super({\n      cursorBatchSize: options.cursor?.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,\n      cursorDisabled: options.cursor?.disabled ?? false,\n    });\n    this.pool = options.connect.pool;\n  }\n\n  get state(): SqlDriverState {\n    return this.#closed ? 'closed' : 'connected';\n  }\n\n  // Bound drivers are created via createBoundDriverFromBinding with pool already\n  // configured; connect is intentionally no-op.\n  async connect(_binding: PostgresBinding): Promise<void> {}\n\n  async acquireConnection(): Promise<SqlConnection> {\n    const client = await this.acquireClient();\n    return new PostgresConnectionImpl(client, this.options);\n  }\n\n  async close(): Promise<void> {\n    if (this.#closed) {\n      return;\n    }\n    this.#closed = true;\n    await this.pool.end();\n  }\n\n  async acquireClient(): Promise<PoolClient> {\n    return this.pool.connect();\n  }\n\n  async releaseClient(client: PoolClient): Promise<void> {\n    client.release();\n  }\n}\n\nclass PostgresDirectDriverImpl\n  extends PostgresQueryable<Client>\n  implements SqlDriver<PostgresBinding>\n{\n  private readonly directClient: Client;\n  readonly #connectionMutex = new AsyncMutex();\n  #closed = false;\n  #connected = false;\n  #connectPromise: Promise<void> | undefined;\n\n  constructor(options: PostgresDriverOptions & { connect: { client: Client } }) {\n    super({\n      cursorBatchSize: options.cursor?.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,\n      cursorDisabled: options.cursor?.disabled ?? false,\n    });\n    this.directClient = options.connect.client;\n  }\n\n  get state(): SqlDriverState {\n    return this.#closed ? 'closed' : 'connected';\n  }\n\n  // Bound drivers are created via createBoundDriverFromBinding with client already\n  // configured; connect is intentionally no-op.\n  async connect(_binding: PostgresBinding): Promise<void> {}\n\n  async acquireConnection(): Promise<SqlConnection> {\n    const releaseLease = await this.#connectionMutex.lock();\n    try {\n      const client = await this.acquireClient();\n      return new PostgresConnectionImpl(\n        client,\n        this.options,\n        releaseLease,\n        // A direct driver has a single underlying socket, so a destroyed\n        // connection means the driver itself is no longer usable. Tear down\n        // the driver while still holding the lease so that any\n        // acquireConnection() queued on #connectionMutex only observes the\n        // driver after .end() has completed and #closed is set — preventing\n        // a concurrent caller from reusing a socket that is already being\n        // closed. The lease is released in a finally so a failing .end()\n        // cannot leave the mutex permanently held.\n        async () => {\n          try {\n            await this.#closeWhileHoldingLease();\n          } finally {\n            releaseLease();\n          }\n        },\n      );\n    } catch (error) {\n      releaseLease();\n      throw error;\n    }\n  }\n\n  async close(): Promise<void> {\n    const releaseLease = await this.#connectionMutex.lock();\n    try {\n      await this.#closeWhileHoldingLease();\n    } finally {\n      releaseLease();\n    }\n  }\n\n  async #closeWhileHoldingLease(): Promise<void> {\n    if (this.#closed) {\n      return;\n    }\n    this.#closed = true;\n    await this.directClient.end();\n    this.#connected = false;\n  }\n\n  async acquireClient(): Promise<Client> {\n    if (this.#connected) {\n      return this.directClient;\n    }\n    if (this.#connectPromise !== undefined) {\n      await this.#connectPromise;\n      return this.directClient;\n    }\n\n    this.#connectPromise = (async () => {\n      try {\n        await this.directClient.connect();\n      } catch (error: unknown) {\n        if (!isAlreadyConnectedError(error)) {\n          throw error;\n        }\n      } finally {\n        this.#connectPromise = undefined;\n      }\n      this.#connected = true;\n    })();\n    await this.#connectPromise;\n\n    return this.directClient;\n  }\n\n  async releaseClient(_client: Client): Promise<void> {}\n}\n\nexport function createBoundDriverFromBinding(\n  binding: PostgresBinding,\n  cursorOpts: PostgresDriverCreateOptions['cursor'],\n): SqlDriver<PostgresBinding> {\n  switch (binding.kind) {\n    case 'url': {\n      const pool = new Pool({\n        connectionString: binding.url,\n        connectionTimeoutMillis: 20_000,\n        idleTimeoutMillis: 30_000,\n      });\n      return new PostgresPoolDriverImpl({\n        connect: { pool },\n        cursor: cursorOpts,\n      });\n    }\n    case 'pgPool':\n      return new PostgresPoolDriverImpl({\n        connect: { pool: binding.pool },\n        cursor: cursorOpts,\n      });\n    case 'pgClient':\n      return new PostgresDirectDriverImpl({\n        connect: { client: binding.client },\n        cursor: cursorOpts,\n      });\n  }\n}\n\nfunction readCursor<Row>(cursor: Cursor<Row>, size: number): Promise<Row[]> {\n  return callbackToPromise<Row[]>((cb) => {\n    cursor.read(size, (err, rows) => cb(err, rows));\n  });\n}\n\nfunction closeCursor(cursor: Cursor<unknown>): Promise<void> {\n  return callbackToPromise((cb) => cursor.close(cb));\n}\n\nfunction rethrowNormalizedError(error: unknown): never {\n  throw normalizePgError(error);\n}\n","import type {\n  RuntimeDriverDescriptor,\n  RuntimeDriverInstance,\n} from '@prisma-next/framework-components/execution';\nimport type {\n  SqlConnection,\n  SqlDriver,\n  SqlExecuteRequest,\n  SqlExplainResult,\n  SqlQueryResult,\n} from '@prisma-next/sql-relational-core/ast';\nimport { postgresDriverDescriptorMeta } from '../core/descriptor-meta';\nimport {\n  createBoundDriverFromBinding,\n  type PostgresBinding,\n  type PostgresDriverCreateOptions,\n} from '../postgres-driver';\n\nexport type PostgresRuntimeDriver = RuntimeDriverInstance<'sql', 'postgres'> &\n  SqlDriver<PostgresBinding>;\n\nconst USE_BEFORE_CONNECT_MESSAGE =\n  'Postgres driver not connected. Call connect(binding) before acquireConnection or execute.';\nconst ALREADY_CONNECTED_MESSAGE =\n  'Postgres driver already connected. Call close() before reconnecting with a new binding.';\n\ninterface DriverRuntimeError extends Error {\n  readonly code: 'DRIVER.NOT_CONNECTED' | 'DRIVER.ALREADY_CONNECTED';\n  readonly category: 'RUNTIME';\n  readonly severity: 'error';\n  readonly details?: Record<string, unknown>;\n}\n\nfunction driverError(\n  code: DriverRuntimeError['code'],\n  message: string,\n  details?: Record<string, unknown>,\n): DriverRuntimeError {\n  const error = new Error(message) as DriverRuntimeError;\n  Object.defineProperty(error, 'name', {\n    value: 'RuntimeError',\n    configurable: true,\n  });\n  return Object.assign(error, {\n    code,\n    category: 'RUNTIME' as const,\n    severity: 'error' as const,\n    message,\n    details,\n  });\n}\n\nfunction unboundExecute<Row>(): AsyncIterable<Row> {\n  return {\n    [Symbol.asyncIterator]() {\n      return {\n        async next() {\n          throw driverError('DRIVER.NOT_CONNECTED', USE_BEFORE_CONNECT_MESSAGE);\n        },\n      };\n    },\n  };\n}\n\nclass PostgresUnboundDriverImpl implements PostgresRuntimeDriver {\n  readonly familyId = 'sql' as const;\n  readonly targetId = 'postgres' as const;\n\n  #delegate: SqlDriver<PostgresBinding> | null = null;\n  #closed = false;\n  #cursorOpts: PostgresDriverCreateOptions['cursor'];\n\n  constructor(cursorOpts?: PostgresDriverCreateOptions['cursor']) {\n    this.#cursorOpts = cursorOpts;\n  }\n\n  get state(): 'unbound' | 'connected' | 'closed' {\n    if (this.#delegate !== null) {\n      return 'connected';\n    }\n    if (this.#closed) {\n      return 'closed';\n    }\n    return 'unbound';\n  }\n\n  #requireDelegate(): SqlDriver<PostgresBinding> {\n    const delegate = this.#delegate;\n    if (delegate === null) {\n      throw driverError('DRIVER.NOT_CONNECTED', USE_BEFORE_CONNECT_MESSAGE);\n    }\n    return delegate;\n  }\n\n  async connect(binding: PostgresBinding): Promise<void> {\n    if (this.#delegate !== null) {\n      throw driverError('DRIVER.ALREADY_CONNECTED', ALREADY_CONNECTED_MESSAGE, {\n        bindingKind: binding.kind,\n      });\n    }\n    this.#delegate = createBoundDriverFromBinding(binding, this.#cursorOpts);\n    this.#closed = false;\n  }\n\n  async acquireConnection(): Promise<SqlConnection> {\n    const delegate = this.#requireDelegate();\n    const connection = await delegate.acquireConnection();\n    return this.#wrapConnection(connection, delegate);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Wraps an acquired connection so that teardown paths which close the\n   * underlying delegate (notably `destroy()` on a pgClient binding, where\n   * the single socket means a destroyed connection invalidates the driver)\n   * also reset our own `#delegate` reference. Without this, a failed\n   * transaction rollback would leave the outer unbound wrapper reporting\n   * `connected` while routing subsequent work to an already-ended delegate.\n   */\n  #wrapConnection(connection: SqlConnection, delegate: SqlDriver<PostgresBinding>): SqlConnection {\n    const syncDelegateState = (): void => {\n      if (this.#delegate === delegate && delegate.state === 'closed') {\n        this.#delegate = null;\n        this.#closed = true;\n      }\n    };\n    const wrapped: SqlConnection = {\n      beginTransaction: connection.beginTransaction.bind(connection),\n      execute: connection.execute.bind(connection),\n      query: connection.query.bind(connection),\n      release: async () => {\n        try {\n          await connection.release();\n        } finally {\n          syncDelegateState();\n        }\n      },\n      destroy: async (reason?: unknown) => {\n        try {\n          await connection.destroy(reason);\n        } finally {\n          syncDelegateState();\n        }\n      },\n    };\n    if (connection.explain) {\n      wrapped.explain = connection.explain.bind(connection);\n    }\n    return wrapped;\n  }\n\n  async close(): Promise<void> {\n    const delegate = this.#delegate;\n    if (delegate !== null) {\n      this.#delegate = null;\n      await delegate.close();\n    }\n    this.#closed = true;\n  }\n\n  execute<Row = Record<string, unknown>>(request: SqlExecuteRequest): AsyncIterable<Row> {\n    const delegate = this.#delegate;\n    if (delegate === null) {\n      return unboundExecute<Row>();\n    }\n    return delegate.execute<Row>(request);\n  }\n\n  async explain(request: SqlExecuteRequest): Promise<SqlExplainResult> {\n    const delegate = this.#requireDelegate();\n    const explain = delegate.explain;\n    if (explain === undefined) {\n      throw driverError('DRIVER.NOT_CONNECTED', USE_BEFORE_CONNECT_MESSAGE);\n    }\n    return explain.call(delegate, request);\n  }\n\n  async query<Row = Record<string, unknown>>(\n    sql: string,\n    params?: readonly unknown[],\n  ): Promise<SqlQueryResult<Row>> {\n    const delegate = this.#requireDelegate();\n    return delegate.query<Row>(sql, params);\n  }\n}\n\nconst postgresRuntimeDriverDescriptor: RuntimeDriverDescriptor<\n  'sql',\n  'postgres',\n  PostgresDriverCreateOptions,\n  PostgresRuntimeDriver\n> = {\n  ...postgresDriverDescriptorMeta,\n  create(options?: PostgresDriverCreateOptions): PostgresRuntimeDriver {\n    return new PostgresUnboundDriverImpl(options?.cursor);\n  },\n};\n\nexport default postgresRuntimeDriverDescriptor;\nexport type {\n  PostgresBinding,\n  PostgresDriverCreateOptions,\n  QueryResult,\n} from 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+{"version":3,"file":"runtime.mjs","names":["#queue","#connection","#onRelease","#onDestroy","#closed","#connectionMutex","#closeWhileHoldingLease","#connected","#connectPromise","#cursorOpts","#preparedStatements","#delegate","#closed","#requireDelegate","#wrapConnection"],"sources":["../src/callback-to-promise.ts","../src/named-cursor.ts","../src/postgres-driver.ts","../src/exports/runtime.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Wraps a Node-style callback function into a Promise.\n * Supports both (err) => void and (err, result) => void patterns.\n */\nexport function callbackToPromise(\n  fn: (callback: (err: Error | null | undefined) => void) => void,\n): Promise<void>;\nexport function callbackToPromise<T>(\n  fn: (callback: (err: Error | null | undefined, result: T) => void) => void,\n): Promise<T>;\nexport function callbackToPromise<T = void>(\n  fn: (callback: (err: Error | null | undefined, result?: T) => void) => void,\n): Promise<T> {\n  return new Promise<T>((resolve, reject) => {\n    fn((err, result) => {\n      if (err) {\n        reject(err);\n        return;\n      }\n      resolve(result as T);\n    });\n  });\n}\n","import type { BindConfig, Connection, QueryParse } from 'pg';\nimport Cursor from 'pg-cursor';\n\nlet nextNamedPortalId = 1;\n\nexport interface NamedCursorOptions<Row> {\n  readonly name: string;\n  readonly text: string;\n  readonly values: readonly unknown[];\n  readonly config?: ConstructorParameters<typeof Cursor<Row>>[2];\n}\n\n// `parsedStatements` is set on the Connection by pg.Client, not by Connection\n// itself, so it isn't declared on @types/pg's `Connection`.\ntype ConnectionWithStatementCache = Connection & {\n  readonly parsedStatements: Record<string, string>;\n};\n\n// pg-cursor's runtime instance shape. @types/pg-cursor only declares the\n// constructor + submit/read/close, so the fields pg-cursor sets on `this` and\n// its handlers consume have to be re-declared here.\ninterface CursorInstanceFields {\n  state: 'initialized' | 'submitted' | 'idle' | 'busy' | 'done' | 'error';\n  connection: Connection | null;\n  text: string;\n  values: ReadonlyArray<unknown> | null;\n  _portal: string;\n  _conf: { types?: { getTypeParser: (oid: number, format?: string) => unknown } };\n  _result: { _getTypeParser?: unknown };\n  _ifNoData: () => void;\n  _rowDescription: () => void;\n}\n\n/** Streaming cursor for a server-side named prepared statement. */\nexport class NamedCursor<Row = Record<string, unknown>> extends Cursor<Row> {\n  readonly name: string;\n\n  constructor(opts: NamedCursorOptions<Row>) {\n    super(opts.text, [...opts.values], opts.config);\n    this.name = opts.name;\n    // Cursor declares `submit` as a property, not a class method, so\n    // `override submit() {}` at the class level conflicts. Replace the\n    // field on this instance instead.\n    this.submit = this.submitNamed;\n  }\n\n  private submitNamed(connection: Connection): void {\n    const self = this as unknown as CursorInstanceFields;\n    const conn = connection as ConnectionWithStatementCache;\n\n    self.state = 'submitted';\n    self.connection = conn;\n    self._portal = `np_${nextNamedPortalId++}`;\n\n    if (!conn.parsedStatements[this.name]) {\n      // QueryParse types `types` as required; pg's runtime accepts an empty\n      // array (server infers parameter types).\n      const parseMessage: QueryParse = { text: self.text, name: this.name, types: [] };\n      conn.parse(parseMessage, true);\n    }\n\n    // pg-cursor's constructor pre-maps values via prepareValue, so the array\n    // here is already wire-ready; the cast bridges pg-cursor's loose `any[]`\n    // to BindConfig's stricter union.\n    const bindMessage: BindConfig = {\n      portal: self._portal,\n      statement: this.name,\n      values: (self.values ?? []) as BindConfig['values'],\n    };\n    conn.bind(bindMessage, true);\n\n    conn.describe({ type: 'P', name: self._portal }, true);\n    conn.flush();\n\n    if (self._conf.types) {\n      self._result._getTypeParser = self._conf.types.getTypeParser;\n    }\n\n    conn.once('noData', self._ifNoData);\n    conn.once('rowDescription', self._rowDescription);\n  }\n}\n","import type {\n  PreparedExecuteRequest,\n  SqlConnection,\n  SqlDriver,\n  SqlDriverState,\n  SqlExecuteRequest,\n  SqlExplainResult,\n  SqlQueryable,\n  SqlQueryResult,\n  SqlTransaction,\n} from '@prisma-next/sql-relational-core/ast';\nimport type {\n  Client,\n  QueryResult as PgQueryResult,\n  PoolClient,\n  Pool as PoolType,\n  QueryConfig,\n  QueryResultRow,\n} from 'pg';\nimport { Pool } from 'pg';\nimport Cursor from 'pg-cursor';\nimport { callbackToPromise } from './callback-to-promise';\nimport { NamedCursor } from './named-cursor';\nimport { isAlreadyConnectedError, isPostgresError, normalizePgError } from './normalize-error';\n\nexport type QueryResult<T extends QueryResultRow = QueryResultRow> = PgQueryResult<T>;\n\nexport type PostgresBinding =\n  | { readonly kind: 'url'; readonly url: string }\n  | { readonly kind: 'pgPool'; readonly pool: PoolType }\n  | { readonly kind: 'pgClient'; readonly client: Client };\n\nexport interface PostgresCursorOptions {\n  readonly batchSize?: number;\n  readonly disabled?: boolean;\n}\n\ninterface PostgresDriverOptions {\n  readonly connect: { client: Client } | { pool: PoolType };\n  readonly cursor?: PostgresCursorOptions | undefined;\n  /**\n   * Use server-side prepared statements for `executePrepared`. Default\n   * `true`. Set `false` when running behind a transaction-mode pooler that\n   * does not support session-scoped prepared statements (e.g. PgBouncer\n   * transaction mode).\n   */\n  readonly preparedStatements?: boolean | undefined;\n}\n\nexport type PostgresDriverCreateOptions = Omit<PostgresDriverOptions, 'connect'>;\n\nconst DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 100;\nconst DEFAULT_PREPARED_STATEMENTS = true;\n\ntype CursorOptions =\n  | { readonly cursorDisabled: true }\n  | { readonly cursorBatchSize: number; readonly cursorDisabled: false };\n\ninterface HandleAllocator {\n  mint(): string;\n}\n\nfunction createHandleAllocator(): HandleAllocator {\n  // Driver-scoped so a single PreparedStatement reused across multiple\n  // Connections/Transactions of the same driver always sees one handle.\n  let next = 1;\n  return {\n    mint: () => `pn_${next++}`,\n  };\n}\n\ntype ConnectionOptions = CursorOptions & {\n  readonly preparedStatementsEnabled: boolean;\n  readonly handleAllocator: HandleAllocator;\n};\n\nfunction buildConnectionOptions(options: PostgresDriverOptions): ConnectionOptions {\n  const cursorOptions: CursorOptions = options.cursor?.disabled\n    ? { cursorDisabled: true }\n    : {\n        cursorBatchSize: options.cursor?.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,\n        cursorDisabled: false,\n      };\n  return {\n    ...cursorOptions,\n    preparedStatementsEnabled: options.preparedStatements ?? DEFAULT_PREPARED_STATEMENTS,\n    handleAllocator: createHandleAllocator(),\n  };\n}\n\nfunction isStalePreparedStatementError(error: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!(error instanceof Error)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  const code = (error as { code?: string }).code;\n  // 26000 — invalid_sql_statement_name (server lost the named statement,\n  //         e.g. after DEALLOCATE ALL).\n  // 0A000 — cached plan invalidated by DDL (row shape changed).\n  return code === '26000' || code === '0A000';\n}\n\nclass AsyncMutex {\n  #queue = Promise.resolve();\n\n  async lock(): Promise<() => void> {\n    const previous = this.#queue;\n    let releaseLock: (() => void) | undefined;\n    this.#queue = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {\n      releaseLock = resolve;\n    });\n    await previous;\n    return () => {\n      releaseLock?.();\n      releaseLock = undefined;\n    };\n  }\n}\n\nabstract class PostgresQueryable<C extends PoolClient | Client = PoolClient | Client>\n  implements SqlQueryable\n{\n  abstract acquireClient(): Promise<C>;\n  abstract releaseClient(client: C): Promise<void>;\n\n  protected readonly options: ConnectionOptions;\n\n  constructor(options: ConnectionOptions) {\n    this.options = options;\n  }\n\n  async *execute<Row = Record<string, unknown>>(request: SqlExecuteRequest): AsyncIterable<Row> {\n    try {\n      yield* this.runQuery<Row>(request);\n    } catch (error) {\n      throw normalizePgError(error);\n    }\n  }\n\n  async *executePrepared<Row = Record<string, unknown>>(\n    request: PreparedExecuteRequest,\n  ): AsyncIterable<Row> {\n    if (!this.options.preparedStatementsEnabled) {\n      // Skip server-side prepare entirely; route as a regular ad-hoc execute.\n      yield* this.execute<Row>(request);\n      return;\n    }\n\n    let handle = request.handle.get();\n    if (handle === undefined) {\n      handle = this.options.handleAllocator.mint();\n      request.handle.set(handle);\n    }\n\n    yield* this.withStaleHandleRetry<Row>(request, handle as string, (h) =>\n      this.runQuery<Row>(request, h),\n    );\n  }\n\n  private async *withStaleHandleRetry<Row>(\n    request: PreparedExecuteRequest,\n    handle: string,\n    attempt: (handle: string) => AsyncIterable<Row>,\n  ): AsyncIterable<Row> {\n    let yielded = false;\n    try {\n      for await (const row of attempt(handle)) {\n        yielded = true;\n        yield row;\n      }\n      return;\n    } catch (error) {\n      // If a row was already yielded, the error came from mid-stream and a\n      // retry would re-yield prior rows to the consumer.\n      if (yielded || !isStalePreparedStatementError(error)) {\n        throw normalizePgError(error);\n      }\n      // pg's parsedStatements still records the old name; only a fresh name\n      // forces pg to re-Parse on this Client.\n      const retryHandle = this.options.handleAllocator.mint();\n      request.handle.set(retryHandle);\n      try {\n        yield* attempt(retryHandle);\n      } catch (retryError) {\n        throw normalizePgError(retryError);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Errors propagate as raw pg errors so the caller can read SQLSTATE before\n  // normalising (the prepared-statement retry layer needs the original code).\n  private async *runQuery<Row>(request: SqlExecuteRequest, name?: string): AsyncIterable<Row> {\n    const client = await this.acquireClient();\n    try {\n      if (!this.options.cursorDisabled) {\n        try {\n          for await (const row of this.executeWithCursor(\n            client,\n            request.sql,\n            request.params,\n            this.options.cursorBatchSize,\n            name,\n          )) {\n            yield row as Row;\n          }\n          return;\n        } catch (cursorError) {\n          // Non-pg cursor-specific errors fall through to the buffered path;\n          // real pg errors propagate.\n          if (!(cursorError instanceof Error) || isPostgresError(cursorError)) {\n            throw cursorError;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n\n      for await (const row of this.executeBuffered(client, request.sql, request.params, name)) {\n        yield row as Row;\n      }\n    } finally {\n      await this.releaseClient(client);\n    }\n  }\n\n  async explain(request: SqlExecuteRequest): Promise<SqlExplainResult> {\n    // SQL is generated by Prisma Next planners (or validated raw paths), so\n    // EXPLAIN prefixing preserves the same statement semantics.\n    const text = `EXPLAIN (FORMAT JSON) ${request.sql}`;\n    const client = await this.acquireClient();\n    try {\n      const result = await client\n        .query(text, request.params as unknown[] | undefined)\n        .catch(rethrowNormalizedError);\n      return { rows: result.rows as ReadonlyArray<Record<string, unknown>> };\n    } finally {\n      await this.releaseClient(client);\n    }\n  }\n\n  async query<Row = Record<string, unknown>>(\n    sql: string,\n    params?: readonly unknown[],\n  ): Promise<SqlQueryResult<Row>> {\n    const client = await this.acquireClient();\n    try {\n      const result = await client\n        .query(sql, params as unknown[] | undefined)\n        .catch(rethrowNormalizedError);\n      return result as unknown as SqlQueryResult<Row>;\n    } finally {\n      await this.releaseClient(client);\n    }\n  }\n\n  private async *executeWithCursor(\n    client: PoolClient | Client,\n    sql: string,\n    params: readonly unknown[] | undefined,\n    cursorBatchSize: number,\n    name?: string,\n  ): AsyncIterable<Record<string, unknown>> {\n    const values = (params ?? []) as unknown[];\n    const cursor = client.query(\n      name === undefined ? new Cursor(sql, values) : new NamedCursor({ name, text: sql, values }),\n    );\n\n    try {\n      while (true) {\n        const rows = await readCursor(cursor, cursorBatchSize);\n        if (rows.length === 0) {\n          break;\n        }\n\n        for (const row of rows) {\n          yield row;\n        }\n      }\n    } finally {\n      await closeCursor(cursor);\n    }\n  }\n\n  private async *executeBuffered(\n    client: PoolClient | Client,\n    sql: string,\n    params: readonly unknown[] | undefined,\n    name?: string,\n  ): AsyncIterable<Record<string, unknown>> {\n    const config: QueryConfig = { name, text: sql, values: (params ?? []) as unknown[] };\n    const result = await client.query(config);\n    for (const row of result.rows as Record<string, unknown>[]) {\n      yield row;\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nclass PostgresConnectionImpl extends PostgresQueryable implements SqlConnection {\n  #connection: PoolClient | Client;\n  #onRelease: (() => void) | undefined;\n  #onDestroy: ((reason: unknown) => Promise<void> | void) | undefined;\n\n  constructor(\n    connection: PoolClient | Client,\n    options: ConnectionOptions,\n    onRelease?: () => void,\n    onDestroy?: (reason: unknown) => Promise<void> | void,\n  ) {\n    super(options);\n    this.#connection = connection;\n    this.#onRelease = onRelease;\n    this.#onDestroy = onDestroy;\n  }\n\n  override acquireClient(): Promise<PoolClient | Client> {\n    return Promise.resolve(this.#connection);\n  }\n\n  override releaseClient(_client: PoolClient | Client): Promise<void> {\n    return Promise.resolve();\n  }\n\n  async beginTransaction(): Promise<SqlTransaction> {\n    await this.#connection.query('BEGIN').catch(rethrowNormalizedError);\n    return new PostgresTransactionImpl(this.#connection, this.options);\n  }\n\n  async release(): Promise<void> {\n    const conn = this.#connection;\n    if ('release' in conn) {\n      conn.release();\n    }\n    const onRelease = this.#onRelease;\n    this.#onRelease = undefined;\n    this.#onDestroy = undefined;\n    onRelease?.();\n  }\n\n  async destroy(reason?: unknown): Promise<void> {\n    const onDestroy = this.#onDestroy;\n    const onRelease = this.#onRelease;\n    this.#onDestroy = undefined;\n    this.#onRelease = undefined;\n\n    const conn = this.#connection;\n    if ('release' in conn) {\n      // Pass a truthy Error to pg's PoolClient.release so the pool evicts the\n      // client instead of returning it for reuse. A connection that reaches\n      // destroy() is in an indeterminate state (failed rollback/commit, etc.)\n      // and must not be handed back to another caller. The Error value is\n      // surfaced on pg-pool's 'release' event as advisory context; pg-pool\n      // itself only uses its truthiness for the eviction decision.\n      const releaseArg: Error =\n        reason instanceof Error ? reason : new Error('Connection destroyed');\n      conn.release(releaseArg);\n    }\n\n    if (onDestroy) {\n      await onDestroy(reason);\n    } else {\n      onRelease?.();\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nclass PostgresTransactionImpl extends PostgresQueryable implements SqlTransaction {\n  #connection: PoolClient | Client;\n\n  constructor(connection: PoolClient | Client, options: ConnectionOptions) {\n    super(options);\n    this.#connection = connection;\n  }\n\n  override acquireClient(): Promise<PoolClient | Client> {\n    return Promise.resolve(this.#connection);\n  }\n\n  override releaseClient(_client: PoolClient | Client): Promise<void> {\n    return Promise.resolve();\n  }\n\n  async commit(): Promise<void> {\n    await this.#connection.query('COMMIT').catch(rethrowNormalizedError);\n  }\n\n  async rollback(): Promise<void> {\n    await this.#connection.query('ROLLBACK').catch(rethrowNormalizedError);\n  }\n}\n\nclass PostgresPoolDriverImpl\n  extends PostgresQueryable<PoolClient>\n  implements SqlDriver<PostgresBinding>\n{\n  private readonly pool: PoolType;\n  #closed = false;\n\n  constructor(options: PostgresDriverOptions & { connect: { pool: PoolType } }) {\n    super(buildConnectionOptions(options));\n    this.pool = options.connect.pool;\n  }\n\n  get state(): SqlDriverState {\n    return this.#closed ? 'closed' : 'connected';\n  }\n\n  // Bound drivers are created via createBoundDriverFromBinding with pool already\n  // configured; connect is intentionally no-op.\n  async connect(_binding: PostgresBinding): Promise<void> {}\n\n  async acquireConnection(): Promise<SqlConnection> {\n    const client = await this.acquireClient();\n    return new PostgresConnectionImpl(client, this.options);\n  }\n\n  async close(): Promise<void> {\n    if (this.#closed) {\n      return;\n    }\n    this.#closed = true;\n    await this.pool.end();\n  }\n\n  async acquireClient(): Promise<PoolClient> {\n    return this.pool.connect();\n  }\n\n  async releaseClient(client: PoolClient): Promise<void> {\n    client.release();\n  }\n}\n\nclass PostgresDirectDriverImpl\n  extends PostgresQueryable<Client>\n  implements SqlDriver<PostgresBinding>\n{\n  private readonly directClient: Client;\n  readonly #connectionMutex = new AsyncMutex();\n  #closed = false;\n  #connected = false;\n  #connectPromise: Promise<void> | undefined;\n\n  constructor(options: PostgresDriverOptions & { connect: { client: Client } }) {\n    super(buildConnectionOptions(options));\n    this.directClient = options.connect.client;\n  }\n\n  get state(): SqlDriverState {\n    return this.#closed ? 'closed' : 'connected';\n  }\n\n  // Bound drivers are created via createBoundDriverFromBinding with client already\n  // configured; connect is intentionally no-op.\n  async connect(_binding: PostgresBinding): Promise<void> {}\n\n  async acquireConnection(): Promise<SqlConnection> {\n    const releaseLease = await this.#connectionMutex.lock();\n    try {\n      const client = await this.acquireClient();\n      return new PostgresConnectionImpl(\n        client,\n        this.options,\n        releaseLease,\n        // A direct driver has a single underlying socket, so a destroyed\n        // connection means the driver itself is no longer usable. Tear down\n        // the driver while still holding the lease so that any\n        // acquireConnection() queued on #connectionMutex only observes the\n        // driver after .end() has completed and #closed is set — preventing\n        // a concurrent caller from reusing a socket that is already being\n        // closed. The lease is released in a finally so a failing .end()\n        // cannot leave the mutex permanently held.\n        async () => {\n          try {\n            await this.#closeWhileHoldingLease();\n          } finally {\n            releaseLease();\n          }\n        },\n      );\n    } catch (error) {\n      releaseLease();\n      throw error;\n    }\n  }\n\n  async close(): Promise<void> {\n    const releaseLease = await this.#connectionMutex.lock();\n    try {\n      await this.#closeWhileHoldingLease();\n    } finally {\n      releaseLease();\n    }\n  }\n\n  async #closeWhileHoldingLease(): Promise<void> {\n    if (this.#closed) {\n      return;\n    }\n    this.#closed = true;\n    await this.directClient.end();\n    this.#connected = false;\n  }\n\n  async acquireClient(): Promise<Client> {\n    if (this.#connected) {\n      return this.directClient;\n    }\n    if (this.#connectPromise !== undefined) {\n      await this.#connectPromise;\n      return this.directClient;\n    }\n\n    this.#connectPromise = (async () => {\n      try {\n        await this.directClient.connect();\n      } catch (error: unknown) {\n        if (!isAlreadyConnectedError(error)) {\n          throw error;\n        }\n      } finally {\n        this.#connectPromise = undefined;\n      }\n      this.#connected = true;\n    })();\n    await this.#connectPromise;\n\n    return this.directClient;\n  }\n\n  async releaseClient(_client: Client): Promise<void> {}\n}\n\nexport function createBoundDriverFromBinding(\n  binding: PostgresBinding,\n  cursorOpts: PostgresDriverCreateOptions['cursor'],\n  extraOpts?: Pick<PostgresDriverCreateOptions, 'preparedStatements'>,\n): SqlDriver<PostgresBinding> {\n  const preparedStatements = extraOpts?.preparedStatements;\n  switch (binding.kind) {\n    case 'url': {\n      const pool = new Pool({\n        connectionString: binding.url,\n        connectionTimeoutMillis: 20_000,\n        idleTimeoutMillis: 30_000,\n      });\n      return new PostgresPoolDriverImpl({\n        connect: { pool },\n        cursor: cursorOpts,\n        preparedStatements,\n      });\n    }\n    case 'pgPool':\n      return new PostgresPoolDriverImpl({\n        connect: { pool: binding.pool },\n        cursor: cursorOpts,\n        preparedStatements,\n      });\n    case 'pgClient':\n      return new PostgresDirectDriverImpl({\n        connect: { client: binding.client },\n        cursor: cursorOpts,\n        preparedStatements,\n      });\n  }\n}\n\nfunction readCursor<Row>(cursor: Cursor<Row>, size: number): Promise<Row[]> {\n  return callbackToPromise<Row[]>((cb) => {\n    cursor.read(size, (err, rows) => cb(err, rows));\n  });\n}\n\nfunction closeCursor(cursor: Cursor<unknown>): Promise<void> {\n  return callbackToPromise((cb) => cursor.close(cb));\n}\n\nfunction rethrowNormalizedError(error: unknown): never {\n  throw normalizePgError(error);\n}\n","import type {\n  RuntimeDriverDescriptor,\n  RuntimeDriverInstance,\n} from '@prisma-next/framework-components/execution';\nimport type {\n  PreparedExecuteRequest,\n  SqlConnection,\n  SqlDriver,\n  SqlExecuteRequest,\n  SqlExplainResult,\n  SqlQueryResult,\n} from '@prisma-next/sql-relational-core/ast';\nimport { postgresDriverDescriptorMeta } from '../core/descriptor-meta';\nimport {\n  createBoundDriverFromBinding,\n  type PostgresBinding,\n  type PostgresDriverCreateOptions,\n} from '../postgres-driver';\n\nexport type PostgresRuntimeDriver = RuntimeDriverInstance<'sql', 'postgres'> &\n  SqlDriver<PostgresBinding>;\n\nconst USE_BEFORE_CONNECT_MESSAGE =\n  'Postgres driver not connected. Call connect(binding) before acquireConnection or execute.';\nconst ALREADY_CONNECTED_MESSAGE =\n  'Postgres driver already connected. Call close() before reconnecting with a new binding.';\n\ninterface DriverRuntimeError extends Error {\n  readonly code: 'DRIVER.NOT_CONNECTED' | 'DRIVER.ALREADY_CONNECTED';\n  readonly category: 'RUNTIME';\n  readonly severity: 'error';\n  readonly details?: Record<string, unknown>;\n}\n\nfunction driverError(\n  code: DriverRuntimeError['code'],\n  message: string,\n  details?: Record<string, unknown>,\n): DriverRuntimeError {\n  const error = new Error(message) as DriverRuntimeError;\n  Object.defineProperty(error, 'name', {\n    value: 'RuntimeError',\n    configurable: true,\n  });\n  return Object.assign(error, {\n    code,\n    category: 'RUNTIME' as const,\n    severity: 'error' as const,\n    message,\n    details,\n  });\n}\n\nfunction unboundExecute<Row>(): AsyncIterable<Row> {\n  return {\n    [Symbol.asyncIterator]() {\n      return {\n        async next() {\n          throw driverError('DRIVER.NOT_CONNECTED', USE_BEFORE_CONNECT_MESSAGE);\n        },\n      };\n    },\n  };\n}\n\nclass PostgresUnboundDriverImpl implements PostgresRuntimeDriver {\n  readonly familyId = 'sql' as const;\n  readonly targetId = 'postgres' as const;\n\n  #delegate: SqlDriver<PostgresBinding> | null = null;\n  #closed = false;\n  #cursorOpts: PostgresDriverCreateOptions['cursor'];\n  #preparedStatements: PostgresDriverCreateOptions['preparedStatements'];\n\n  constructor(options?: PostgresDriverCreateOptions) {\n    this.#cursorOpts = options?.cursor;\n    this.#preparedStatements = options?.preparedStatements;\n  }\n\n  get state(): 'unbound' | 'connected' | 'closed' {\n    if (this.#delegate !== null) {\n      return 'connected';\n    }\n    if (this.#closed) {\n      return 'closed';\n    }\n    return 'unbound';\n  }\n\n  #requireDelegate(): SqlDriver<PostgresBinding> {\n    const delegate = this.#delegate;\n    if (delegate === null) {\n      throw driverError('DRIVER.NOT_CONNECTED', USE_BEFORE_CONNECT_MESSAGE);\n    }\n    return delegate;\n  }\n\n  async connect(binding: PostgresBinding): Promise<void> {\n    if (this.#delegate !== null) {\n      throw driverError('DRIVER.ALREADY_CONNECTED', ALREADY_CONNECTED_MESSAGE, {\n        bindingKind: binding.kind,\n      });\n    }\n    this.#delegate = createBoundDriverFromBinding(binding, this.#cursorOpts, {\n      preparedStatements: this.#preparedStatements,\n    });\n    this.#closed = false;\n  }\n\n  async acquireConnection(): Promise<SqlConnection> {\n    const delegate = this.#requireDelegate();\n    const connection = await delegate.acquireConnection();\n    return this.#wrapConnection(connection, delegate);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Wraps an acquired connection so that teardown paths which close the\n   * underlying delegate (notably `destroy()` on a pgClient binding, where\n   * the single socket means a destroyed connection invalidates the driver)\n   * also reset our own `#delegate` reference. Without this, a failed\n   * transaction rollback would leave the outer unbound wrapper reporting\n   * `connected` while routing subsequent work to an already-ended delegate.\n   */\n  #wrapConnection(connection: SqlConnection, delegate: SqlDriver<PostgresBinding>): SqlConnection {\n    const syncDelegateState = (): void => {\n      if (this.#delegate === delegate && delegate.state === 'closed') {\n        this.#delegate = null;\n        this.#closed = true;\n      }\n    };\n    const wrapped: SqlConnection = {\n      beginTransaction: connection.beginTransaction.bind(connection),\n      execute: connection.execute.bind(connection),\n      executePrepared: connection.executePrepared.bind(connection),\n      query: connection.query.bind(connection),\n      release: async () => {\n        try {\n          await connection.release();\n        } finally {\n          syncDelegateState();\n        }\n      },\n      destroy: async (reason?: unknown) => {\n        try {\n          await connection.destroy(reason);\n        } finally {\n          syncDelegateState();\n        }\n      },\n    };\n    if (connection.explain) {\n      wrapped.explain = connection.explain.bind(connection);\n    }\n    return wrapped;\n  }\n\n  async close(): Promise<void> {\n    const delegate = this.#delegate;\n    if (delegate !== null) {\n      this.#delegate = null;\n      await delegate.close();\n    }\n    this.#closed = true;\n  }\n\n  execute<Row = Record<string, unknown>>(request: SqlExecuteRequest): AsyncIterable<Row> {\n    const delegate = this.#delegate;\n    if (delegate === null) {\n      return unboundExecute<Row>();\n    }\n    return delegate.execute<Row>(request);\n  }\n\n  executePrepared<Row = Record<string, unknown>>(\n    request: PreparedExecuteRequest,\n  ): AsyncIterable<Row> {\n    const delegate = this.#delegate;\n    if (delegate === null) {\n      return unboundExecute<Row>();\n    }\n    return delegate.executePrepared<Row>(request);\n  }\n\n  async explain(request: SqlExecuteRequest): Promise<SqlExplainResult> {\n    const delegate = this.#requireDelegate();\n    const explain = delegate.explain;\n    if (explain === undefined) {\n      throw driverError('DRIVER.NOT_CONNECTED', USE_BEFORE_CONNECT_MESSAGE);\n    }\n    return explain.call(delegate, request);\n  }\n\n  async query<Row = Record<string, unknown>>(\n    sql: string,\n    params?: readonly unknown[],\n  ): Promise<SqlQueryResult<Row>> {\n    const delegate = this.#requireDelegate();\n    return delegate.query<Row>(sql, params);\n  }\n}\n\nconst postgresRuntimeDriverDescriptor: RuntimeDriverDescriptor<\n  'sql',\n  'postgres',\n  PostgresDriverCreateOptions,\n  PostgresRuntimeDriver\n> = {\n  ...postgresDriverDescriptorMeta,\n  create(options?: PostgresDriverCreateOptions): PostgresRuntimeDriver {\n    return new PostgresUnboundDriverImpl(options);\n  },\n};\n\nexport default postgresRuntimeDriverDescriptor;\nexport type {\n  PostgresBinding,\n  PostgresDriverCreateOptions,\n  QueryResult,\n} from 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package/package.json

@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
 {
   "name": "@prisma-next/driver-postgres",
-  "version": "0.9.0-dev.2",
+  "version": "0.9.0-dev.4",
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "type": "module",
   "sideEffects": false,
   "dependencies": {
-    "@prisma-next/contract": "0.9.0-dev.2",
-    "@prisma-next/errors": "0.9.0-dev.2",
-    "@prisma-next/framework-components": "0.9.0-dev.2",
-    "@prisma-next/sql-contract": "0.9.0-dev.2",
-    "@prisma-next/sql-errors": "0.9.0-dev.2",
-    "@prisma-next/sql-operations": "0.9.0-dev.2",
-    "@prisma-next/sql-relational-core": "0.9.0-dev.2",
-    "@prisma-next/utils": "0.9.0-dev.2",
+    "@prisma-next/contract": "0.9.0-dev.4",
+    "@prisma-next/errors": "0.9.0-dev.4",
+    "@prisma-next/framework-components": "0.9.0-dev.4",
+    "@prisma-next/sql-contract": "0.9.0-dev.4",
+    "@prisma-next/sql-errors": "0.9.0-dev.4",
+    "@prisma-next/sql-operations": "0.9.0-dev.4",
+    "@prisma-next/sql-relational-core": "0.9.0-dev.4",
+    "@prisma-next/utils": "0.9.0-dev.4",
     "arktype": "^2.1.29",
     "pg": "8.20.0",
     "pg-cursor": "^2.19.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@prisma-next/test-utils": "0.9.0-dev.2",
-    "@prisma-next/tsconfig": "0.9.0-dev.2",
+    "@prisma-next/test-utils": "0.9.0-dev.4",
+    "@prisma-next/tsconfig": "0.9.0-dev.4",
     "@types/pg": "8.20.0",
     "@types/pg-cursor": "^2.4.6",
     "pg-mem": "^3.0.5",
-    "@prisma-next/tsdown": "0.9.0-dev.2",
+    "@prisma-next/tsdown": "0.9.0-dev.4",
     "tsdown": "0.22.0",
     "typescript": "5.9.3",
     "vitest": "4.1.5"

package/src/exports/runtime.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import type {
   RuntimeDriverInstance,
 } from '@prisma-next/framework-components/execution';
 import type {
+  PreparedExecuteRequest,
   SqlConnection,
   SqlDriver,
   SqlExecuteRequest,
@@ -69,9 +70,11 @@ class PostgresUnboundDriverImpl implements PostgresRuntimeDriver {
   #delegate: SqlDriver<PostgresBinding> | null = null;
   #closed = false;
   #cursorOpts: PostgresDriverCreateOptions['cursor'];
+  #preparedStatements: PostgresDriverCreateOptions['preparedStatements'];
 
-  constructor(cursorOpts?: PostgresDriverCreateOptions['cursor']) {
-    this.#cursorOpts = cursorOpts;
+  constructor(options?: PostgresDriverCreateOptions) {
+    this.#cursorOpts = options?.cursor;
+    this.#preparedStatements = options?.preparedStatements;
   }
 
   get state(): 'unbound' | 'connected' | 'closed' {
@@ -98,7 +101,9 @@ class PostgresUnboundDriverImpl implements PostgresRuntimeDriver {
         bindingKind: binding.kind,
       });
     }
-    this.#delegate = createBoundDriverFromBinding(binding, this.#cursorOpts);
+    this.#delegate = createBoundDriverFromBinding(binding, this.#cursorOpts, {
+      preparedStatements: this.#preparedStatements,
+    });
     this.#closed = false;
   }
 
@@ -126,6 +131,7 @@ class PostgresUnboundDriverImpl implements PostgresRuntimeDriver {
     const wrapped: SqlConnection = {
       beginTransaction: connection.beginTransaction.bind(connection),
       execute: connection.execute.bind(connection),
+      executePrepared: connection.executePrepared.bind(connection),
       query: connection.query.bind(connection),
       release: async () => {
         try {
@@ -165,6 +171,16 @@ class PostgresUnboundDriverImpl implements PostgresRuntimeDriver {
     return delegate.execute<Row>(request);
   }
 
+  executePrepared<Row = Record<string, unknown>>(
+    request: PreparedExecuteRequest,
+  ): AsyncIterable<Row> {
+    const delegate = this.#delegate;
+    if (delegate === null) {
+      return unboundExecute<Row>();
+    }
+    return delegate.executePrepared<Row>(request);
+  }
+
   async explain(request: SqlExecuteRequest): Promise<SqlExplainResult> {
     const delegate = this.#requireDelegate();
     const explain = delegate.explain;
@@ -191,7 +207,7 @@ const postgresRuntimeDriverDescriptor: RuntimeDriverDescriptor<
 > = {
   ...postgresDriverDescriptorMeta,
   create(options?: PostgresDriverCreateOptions): PostgresRuntimeDriver {
-    return new PostgresUnboundDriverImpl(options?.cursor);
+    return new PostgresUnboundDriverImpl(options);
   },
 };
 

package/src/named-cursor.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import type { BindConfig, Connection, QueryParse } from 'pg';
+import Cursor from 'pg-cursor';
+
+let nextNamedPortalId = 1;
+
+export interface NamedCursorOptions<Row> {
+  readonly name: string;
+  readonly text: string;
+  readonly values: readonly unknown[];
+  readonly config?: ConstructorParameters<typeof Cursor<Row>>[2];
+}
+
+// `parsedStatements` is set on the Connection by pg.Client, not by Connection
+// itself, so it isn't declared on @types/pg's `Connection`.
+type ConnectionWithStatementCache = Connection & {
+  readonly parsedStatements: Record<string, string>;
+};
+
+// pg-cursor's runtime instance shape. @types/pg-cursor only declares the
+// constructor + submit/read/close, so the fields pg-cursor sets on `this` and
+// its handlers consume have to be re-declared here.
+interface CursorInstanceFields {
+  state: 'initialized' | 'submitted' | 'idle' | 'busy' | 'done' | 'error';
+  connection: Connection | null;
+  text: string;
+  values: ReadonlyArray<unknown> | null;
+  _portal: string;
+  _conf: { types?: { getTypeParser: (oid: number, format?: string) => unknown } };
+  _result: { _getTypeParser?: unknown };
+  _ifNoData: () => void;
+  _rowDescription: () => void;
+}
+
+/** Streaming cursor for a server-side named prepared statement. */
+export class NamedCursor<Row = Record<string, unknown>> extends Cursor<Row> {
+  readonly name: string;
+
+  constructor(opts: NamedCursorOptions<Row>) {
+    super(opts.text, [...opts.values], opts.config);
+    this.name = opts.name;
+    // Cursor declares `submit` as a property, not a class method, so
+    // `override submit() {}` at the class level conflicts. Replace the
+    // field on this instance instead.
+    this.submit = this.submitNamed;
+  }
+
+  private submitNamed(connection: Connection): void {
+    const self = this as unknown as CursorInstanceFields;
+    const conn = connection as ConnectionWithStatementCache;
+
+    self.state = 'submitted';
+    self.connection = conn;
+    self._portal = `np_${nextNamedPortalId++}`;
+
+    if (!conn.parsedStatements[this.name]) {
+      // QueryParse types `types` as required; pg's runtime accepts an empty
+      // array (server infers parameter types).
+      const parseMessage: QueryParse = { text: self.text, name: this.name, types: [] };
+      conn.parse(parseMessage, true);
+    }
+
+    // pg-cursor's constructor pre-maps values via prepareValue, so the array
+    // here is already wire-ready; the cast bridges pg-cursor's loose `any[]`
+    // to BindConfig's stricter union.
+    const bindMessage: BindConfig = {
+      portal: self._portal,
+      statement: this.name,
+      values: (self.values ?? []) as BindConfig['values'],
+    };
+    conn.bind(bindMessage, true);
+
+    conn.describe({ type: 'P', name: self._portal }, true);
+    conn.flush();
+
+    if (self._conf.types) {
+      self._result._getTypeParser = self._conf.types.getTypeParser;
+    }
+
+    conn.once('noData', self._ifNoData);
+    conn.once('rowDescription', self._rowDescription);
+  }
+}

package/src/postgres-driver.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type {
+  PreparedExecuteRequest,
   SqlConnection,
   SqlDriver,
   SqlDriverState,
@@ -13,11 +14,13 @@ import type {
   QueryResult as PgQueryResult,
   PoolClient,
   Pool as PoolType,
+  QueryConfig,
   QueryResultRow,
 } from 'pg';
 import { Pool } from 'pg';
 import Cursor from 'pg-cursor';
 import { callbackToPromise } from './callback-to-promise';
+import { NamedCursor } from './named-cursor';
 import { isAlreadyConnectedError, isPostgresError, normalizePgError } from './normalize-error';
 
 export type QueryResult<T extends QueryResultRow = QueryResultRow> = PgQueryResult<T>;
@@ -35,16 +38,67 @@ export interface PostgresCursorOptions {
 interface PostgresDriverOptions {
   readonly connect: { client: Client } | { pool: PoolType };
   readonly cursor?: PostgresCursorOptions | undefined;
+  /**
+   * Use server-side prepared statements for `executePrepared`. Default
+   * `true`. Set `false` when running behind a transaction-mode pooler that
+   * does not support session-scoped prepared statements (e.g. PgBouncer
+   * transaction mode).
+   */
+  readonly preparedStatements?: boolean | undefined;
 }
 
 export type PostgresDriverCreateOptions = Omit<PostgresDriverOptions, 'connect'>;
 
 const DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 100;
+const DEFAULT_PREPARED_STATEMENTS = true;
 
-type ConnectionOptions =
+type CursorOptions =
   | { readonly cursorDisabled: true }
   | { readonly cursorBatchSize: number; readonly cursorDisabled: false };
 
+interface HandleAllocator {
+  mint(): string;
+}
+
+function createHandleAllocator(): HandleAllocator {
+  // Driver-scoped so a single PreparedStatement reused across multiple
+  // Connections/Transactions of the same driver always sees one handle.
+  let next = 1;
+  return {
+    mint: () => `pn_${next++}`,
+  };
+}
+
+type ConnectionOptions = CursorOptions & {
+  readonly preparedStatementsEnabled: boolean;
+  readonly handleAllocator: HandleAllocator;
+};
+
+function buildConnectionOptions(options: PostgresDriverOptions): ConnectionOptions {
+  const cursorOptions: CursorOptions = options.cursor?.disabled
+    ? { cursorDisabled: true }
+    : {
+        cursorBatchSize: options.cursor?.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,
+        cursorDisabled: false,
+      };
+  return {
+    ...cursorOptions,
+    preparedStatementsEnabled: options.preparedStatements ?? DEFAULT_PREPARED_STATEMENTS,
+    handleAllocator: createHandleAllocator(),
+  };
+}
+
+function isStalePreparedStatementError(error: unknown): boolean {
+  if (!(error instanceof Error)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const code = (error as { code?: string }).code;
+  // 26000 — invalid_sql_statement_name (server lost the named statement,
+  //         e.g. after DEALLOCATE ALL).
+  // 0A000 — cached plan invalidated by DDL (row shape changed).
+  return code === '26000' || code === '0A000';
+}
+
 class AsyncMutex {
   #queue = Promise.resolve();
 
@@ -75,6 +129,66 @@ abstract class PostgresQueryable<C extends PoolClient | Client = PoolClient | Cl
   }
 
   async *execute<Row = Record<string, unknown>>(request: SqlExecuteRequest): AsyncIterable<Row> {
+    try {
+      yield* this.runQuery<Row>(request);
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw normalizePgError(error);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async *executePrepared<Row = Record<string, unknown>>(
+    request: PreparedExecuteRequest,
+  ): AsyncIterable<Row> {
+    if (!this.options.preparedStatementsEnabled) {
+      // Skip server-side prepare entirely; route as a regular ad-hoc execute.
+      yield* this.execute<Row>(request);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    let handle = request.handle.get();
+    if (handle === undefined) {
+      handle = this.options.handleAllocator.mint();
+      request.handle.set(handle);
+    }
+
+    yield* this.withStaleHandleRetry<Row>(request, handle as string, (h) =>
+      this.runQuery<Row>(request, h),
+    );
+  }
+
+  private async *withStaleHandleRetry<Row>(
+    request: PreparedExecuteRequest,
+    handle: string,
+    attempt: (handle: string) => AsyncIterable<Row>,
+  ): AsyncIterable<Row> {
+    let yielded = false;
+    try {
+      for await (const row of attempt(handle)) {
+        yielded = true;
+        yield row;
+      }
+      return;
+    } catch (error) {
+      // If a row was already yielded, the error came from mid-stream and a
+      // retry would re-yield prior rows to the consumer.
+      if (yielded || !isStalePreparedStatementError(error)) {
+        throw normalizePgError(error);
+      }
+      // pg's parsedStatements still records the old name; only a fresh name
+      // forces pg to re-Parse on this Client.
+      const retryHandle = this.options.handleAllocator.mint();
+      request.handle.set(retryHandle);
+      try {
+        yield* attempt(retryHandle);
+      } catch (retryError) {
+        throw normalizePgError(retryError);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Errors propagate as raw pg errors so the caller can read SQLSTATE before
+  // normalising (the prepared-statement retry layer needs the original code).
+  private async *runQuery<Row>(request: SqlExecuteRequest, name?: string): AsyncIterable<Row> {
     const client = await this.acquireClient();
     try {
       if (!this.options.cursorDisabled) {
@@ -84,28 +198,23 @@ abstract class PostgresQueryable<C extends PoolClient | Client = PoolClient | Cl
             request.sql,
             request.params,
             this.options.cursorBatchSize,
+            name,
           )) {
             yield row as Row;
           }
           return;
         } catch (cursorError) {
-          if (!(cursorError instanceof Error)) {
+          // Non-pg cursor-specific errors fall through to the buffered path;
+          // real pg errors propagate.
+          if (!(cursorError instanceof Error) || isPostgresError(cursorError)) {
             throw cursorError;
           }
-          // Check if this is a pg error - if so, normalize and throw
-          // Otherwise, fall back to buffered mode for cursor-specific errors
-          if (isPostgresError(cursorError)) {
-            throw normalizePgError(cursorError);
-          }
-          // Not a pg error - cursor-specific error, fall back to buffered mode
         }
       }
 
-      for await (const row of this.executeBuffered(client, request.sql, request.params)) {
+      for await (const row of this.executeBuffered(client, request.sql, request.params, name)) {
         yield row as Row;
       }
-    } catch (error) {
-      throw normalizePgError(error);
     } finally {
       await this.releaseClient(client);
     }
@@ -146,8 +255,12 @@ abstract class PostgresQueryable<C extends PoolClient | Client = PoolClient | Cl
     sql: string,
     params: readonly unknown[] | undefined,
     cursorBatchSize: number,
+    name?: string,
   ): AsyncIterable<Record<string, unknown>> {
-    const cursor = client.query(new Cursor(sql, params as unknown[] | undefined));
+    const values = (params ?? []) as unknown[];
+    const cursor = client.query(
+      name === undefined ? new Cursor(sql, values) : new NamedCursor({ name, text: sql, values }),
+    );
 
     try {
       while (true) {
@@ -169,8 +282,10 @@ abstract class PostgresQueryable<C extends PoolClient | Client = PoolClient | Cl
     client: PoolClient | Client,
     sql: string,
     params: readonly unknown[] | undefined,
+    name?: string,
   ): AsyncIterable<Record<string, unknown>> {
-    const result = await client.query(sql, params as unknown[] | undefined);
+    const config: QueryConfig = { name, text: sql, values: (params ?? []) as unknown[] };
+    const result = await client.query(config);
     for (const row of result.rows as Record<string, unknown>[]) {
       yield row;
     }
@@ -278,10 +393,7 @@ class PostgresPoolDriverImpl
   #closed = false;
 
   constructor(options: PostgresDriverOptions & { connect: { pool: PoolType } }) {
-    super({
-      cursorBatchSize: options.cursor?.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,
-      cursorDisabled: options.cursor?.disabled ?? false,
-    });
+    super(buildConnectionOptions(options));
     this.pool = options.connect.pool;
   }
 
@@ -326,10 +438,7 @@ class PostgresDirectDriverImpl
   #connectPromise: Promise<void> | undefined;
 
   constructor(options: PostgresDriverOptions & { connect: { client: Client } }) {
-    super({
-      cursorBatchSize: options.cursor?.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,
-      cursorDisabled: options.cursor?.disabled ?? false,
-    });
+    super(buildConnectionOptions(options));
     this.directClient = options.connect.client;
   }
 
@@ -421,7 +530,9 @@ class PostgresDirectDriverImpl
 export function createBoundDriverFromBinding(
   binding: PostgresBinding,
   cursorOpts: PostgresDriverCreateOptions['cursor'],
+  extraOpts?: Pick<PostgresDriverCreateOptions, 'preparedStatements'>,
 ): SqlDriver<PostgresBinding> {
+  const preparedStatements = extraOpts?.preparedStatements;
   switch (binding.kind) {
     case 'url': {
       const pool = new Pool({
@@ -432,17 +543,20 @@ export function createBoundDriverFromBinding(
       return new PostgresPoolDriverImpl({
         connect: { pool },
         cursor: cursorOpts,
+        preparedStatements,
       });
     }
     case 'pgPool':
       return new PostgresPoolDriverImpl({
         connect: { pool: binding.pool },
         cursor: cursorOpts,
+        preparedStatements,
       });
     case 'pgClient':
       return new PostgresDirectDriverImpl({
         connect: { client: binding.client },
         cursor: cursorOpts,
+        preparedStatements,
       });
   }
 }