@pramen/cms 0.0.14 → 0.0.16

package/dist/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1360 @@
+// @pramen/cms — a Drupal-Paragraphs-style block/page builder, built as an ordinary
+// pramen app fragment (schema + handlers + ACL + tasks). Nothing here is a new runtime
+// primitive: it composes the ones pramen already ships — `t.json()` for block field
+// payloads, `t.fileRef()`+R2 for media, relations for page↔block traversal, the ACL for
+// editor RBAC, and `ctx.tasks` (the transactional outbox) for scheduled publish/unpublish.
+//
+// Model (borrowed from WollyCMS / Drupal Paragraphs):
+//   - a BLOCK TYPE is a schema — a slug + a recursive field schema (data-driven, so a
+//     webmaster adds a type with no deploy);
+//   - a BLOCK is an instance — content matching a type's field schema (optionally reusable);
+//   - a PAGE has a content type, which declares named REGIONS (each with an allow-list of
+//     block types) and optional DEFAULT BLOCKS;
+//   - a PAGE_BLOCK places a block into a page's region at a position, optionally as a
+//     SHARED block with per-placement field OVERRIDES.
+//
+// Publishing writes a fully-assembled JSON snapshot into a revision; the public content
+// API serves that snapshot (fast, and it never exposes unpublished block rows directly).
+// Rendering stays the frontend's job — see `@pramen/cms/react` (BlockRenderer).
+//
+// Usage:
+//   import { cmsSchema, cmsHandlers, cmsPolicies, cmsTasks } from "@pramen/cms";
+//   const schema = defineSchema({ ...cmsSchema, ...yourEntities });
+//   const handlers = { ...cmsHandlers, ...yourHandlers };
+//   const acl = [ role("anonymous", [...cmsPolicies().public]),
+//                 role("editor",    [...cmsPolicies().editor]) ];
+//   const app = { schema, handlers, acl, tasks: { ...cmsTasks } };
+import { Entity, query, mutation, primaryKey, generated, notNull, unique, indexed, defaultTo, expr, policy, allow, BadRequest, Forbidden, PramenError, } from "@pramen/server";
+/** Declare a typed block type. Pass `fields as const` to preserve the literals so
+ * `BlockFieldsOf<typeof def>` infers the field shape:
+ *
+ *   const hero = defineBlockType("hero", [
+ *     { name: "heading", type: "text", required: true },
+ *     { name: "image", type: "media" },
+ *   ] as const);
+ *   type HeroFields = BlockFieldsOf<typeof hero>; // { heading: string; image: ResolvedMedia|null|undefined }
+ *
+ * Spread `hero` (minus fieldsSchema key naming) into `createBlockType`, and use
+ * `BlockFieldsOf<typeof hero>` to type the block's React component. */
+export function defineBlockType(slug, fields, opts = {}) {
+    return { slug, name: opts.name ?? slug, fieldsSchema: fields, description: opts.description, icon: opts.icon, category: opts.category };
+}
+// --- codegen: emit .ts field interfaces from DB-stored block schemas ------------------
+//
+// The data-driven half (webmaster-created block types) has no static type. This is the
+// runtime mirror of `InferBlockFields`: read `cms_block_types.fieldsSchema` rows and emit a
+// `.ts` module of per-slug field interfaces + a `BlockFieldsBySlug` registry. A future
+// `pramen cms codegen` CLI command fetches the rows over HTTP and writes the output.
+const pascal = (s) => s.replace(/(^|[_-])(\w)/g, (_m, _sep, c) => c.toUpperCase());
+function tsTypeOf(f) {
+    switch (f.type) {
+        case "text":
+        case "textarea":
+        case "url":
+        case "select":
+        case "date":
+        case "datetime":
+            return "string";
+        case "richtext":
+            return "RichText";
+        case "number":
+            return "number";
+        case "boolean":
+            return "boolean";
+        case "media":
+            return "ResolvedMedia | null";
+        case "group":
+            return `{ ${(f.fields ?? []).map(tsFieldLine).join(" ")} }`;
+        case "repeater":
+            return `Array<{ ${(f.fields ?? []).map(tsFieldLine).join(" ")} }>`;
+        default:
+            return "unknown";
+    }
+}
+const tsFieldLine = (f) => `${JSON.stringify(f.name)}${f.required ? "" : "?"}: ${tsTypeOf(f)};`;
+/** Emit a `.ts` module of per-slug field interfaces + a `BlockFieldsBySlug` registry from
+ * DB-stored block types (`{ slug, fieldsSchema }` rows). The runtime counterpart to the
+ * compile-time `InferBlockFields`, for webmaster-authored (data-driven) block types. */
+export function generateBlockTypes(blockTypes) {
+    const interfaces = blockTypes
+        .map((bt) => {
+        const fields = Array.isArray(bt.fieldsSchema) ? bt.fieldsSchema : [];
+        const body = fields.map((f) => `  ${tsFieldLine(f)}`).join("\n");
+        return `export interface ${pascal(bt.slug)}Fields {\n${body}\n}`;
+    })
+        .join("\n\n");
+    const registry = blockTypes.map((bt) => `  ${JSON.stringify(bt.slug)}: ${pascal(bt.slug)}Fields;`).join("\n");
+    return (`// AUTO-GENERATED by @pramen/cms — do not edit.\n` +
+        `import type { ResolvedMedia, RichText } from "@pramen/cms";\n\n` +
+        `${interfaces}\n\nexport interface BlockFieldsBySlug {\n${registry}\n}\n`);
+}
+// --- schema fragment: spread into your defineSchema so the tables migrate --------
+/** The block/page builder tables. All in the default partition (relations can't cross
+ * partitions). Prefixed `cms_` to avoid colliding with your own entities. */
+export const cmsSchema = {
+    cms_content_types: Entity((t) => ({
+        id: primaryKey(generated(t.uuid())),
+        name: notNull(t.text()),
+        slug: unique(notNull(t.text())),
+        description: t.text(),
+        fieldsSchema: t.json(), // FieldDefinition[] for page-level fields
+        regions: t.json(), // RegionDefinition[]
+        defaultBlocks: t.json(), // DefaultBlockDefinition[]
+        createdAt: defaultTo(t.text(), expr.now()),
+    })),
+    cms_block_types: Entity((t) => ({
+        id: primaryKey(generated(t.uuid())),
+        name: notNull(t.text()),
+        slug: unique(notNull(t.text())),
+        description: t.text(),
+        fieldsSchema: t.json(), // FieldDefinition[]
+        icon: t.text(),
+        category: t.text(),
+        createdAt: defaultTo(t.text(), expr.now()),
+    })),
+    cms_blocks: Entity((t) => ({
+        id: primaryKey(generated(t.uuid())),
+        typeId: notNull(t.uuid()),
+        title: t.text(),
+        fields: t.json(), // content matching the block type's fieldsSchema
+        isReusable: defaultTo(t.bool(), false),
+        createdAt: defaultTo(t.text(), expr.now()),
+        updatedAt: defaultTo(t.text(), expr.now()),
+    }), (r) => ({ type: r.belongsTo("cms_block_types", "typeId") })),
+    cms_pages: Entity((t) => ({
+        id: primaryKey(generated(t.uuid())),
+        typeId: notNull(t.uuid()),
+        title: notNull(t.text()),
+        // NOT globally unique — a slug is unique PER LOCALE (`/en/about` + `/cs/about`).
+        // pramen's unique() is single-column only, so (slug, locale) uniqueness is enforced
+        // in createPage/createTranslation; this index just speeds the lookup.
+        slug: indexed(notNull(t.text())),
+        status: defaultTo(t.text(), "draft"), // draft | published | archived
+        locale: defaultTo(t.text(), "en"),
+        // Links a page to its translations: all locales of one logical page share this id.
+        // Auto-minted for a standalone page; a translation is created with the source's id.
+        translationGroupId: generated(t.uuid()),
+        fields: t.json(),
+        publishedAt: t.text(),
+        scheduledAt: t.text(),
+        unpublishAt: t.text(),
+        // The revision the public content API serves — set on publish. A direct pointer
+        // (not "latest by timestamp") so selection is deterministic even when two publishes
+        // land in the same second (expr.now() is second-precision).
+        currentRevisionId: t.uuid(),
+        // SEO
+        metaTitle: t.text(),
+        metaDescription: t.text(),
+        canonicalUrl: t.text(),
+        robots: t.text(), // e.g. "noindex, nofollow"
+        ogTitle: t.text(),
+        ogDescription: t.text(),
+        ogImage: t.uuid(), // a cms_media id, resolved to a URL at assemble time
+        structuredData: t.json(), // JSON-LD, emitted as-is into <head>
+        createdAt: defaultTo(t.text(), expr.now()),
+        updatedAt: defaultTo(t.text(), expr.now()),
+    }), (r) => ({
+        type: r.belongsTo("cms_content_types", "typeId"),
+        placements: r.hasMany("cms_page_blocks", "pageId"),
+    })),
+    cms_page_blocks: Entity((t) => ({
+        id: primaryKey(generated(t.uuid())),
+        pageId: notNull(t.uuid()),
+        blockId: notNull(t.uuid()),
+        region: notNull(t.text()),
+        position: notNull(t.int()),
+        isShared: defaultTo(t.bool(), false),
+        overrides: t.json(), // per-placement field overrides (merged over the block's fields)
+    }), (r) => ({
+        page: r.belongsTo("cms_pages", "pageId"),
+        block: r.belongsTo("cms_blocks", "blockId"),
+    })),
+    cms_page_revisions: Entity((t) => ({
+        id: primaryKey(generated(t.uuid())),
+        pageId: notNull(t.uuid()),
+        title: t.text(),
+        status: t.text(),
+        snapshot: t.json(), // the fully-assembled page + regions at publish time
+        note: t.text(),
+        actor: t.text(), // the identity.userId that published (null = system/unknown)
+        createdAt: defaultTo(t.text(), expr.now()),
+    }), (r) => ({ page: r.belongsTo("cms_pages", "pageId") })),
+    // Append-only audit trail of workflow transitions (who moved a page between states,
+    // when, with an optional note). In the DEFAULT partition — the transition handlers write
+    // it synchronously (transactional with the state change, and they hold the actor from
+    // ctx.identity); a handler can't write across a partition boundary, so an isolated
+    // audit partition isn't reachable from here.
+    cms_audit: Entity((t) => ({
+        id: primaryKey(generated(t.uuid())),
+        pageId: indexed(t.uuid()),
+        action: notNull(t.text()), // submit | approve | reject | publish | unpublish
+        fromStatus: t.text(),
+        toStatus: t.text(),
+        actor: t.text(),
+        note: t.text(),
+        createdAt: defaultTo(t.text(), expr.now()),
+    })),
+    // Media: a fileRef column holds only R2 metadata; bytes live in R2, uploaded via
+    // ctx.files + the Worker /files/* route. Block `fields` reference a media id.
+    cms_media: Entity((t) => ({
+        id: primaryKey(generated(t.uuid())),
+        file: t.fileRef(),
+        alt: t.text(),
+        createdAt: defaultTo(t.text(), expr.now()),
+    })),
+};
+/** Validate a block/page's `fields` payload against a field schema, throwing a 400 on
+ * the first violation. Recursive (repeater/group). Lenient on unknown field types. */
+/** A calendar date, `YYYY-MM-DD` (what an <input type="date"> emits) — must also parse. */
+function isDateString(v) {
+    return /^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$/.test(v) && Number.isFinite(Date.parse(v));
+}
+/** A date-time: `YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM[:SS[.sss]][Z|±HH:MM]` (ISO 8601 / datetime-local). */
+function isDateTimeString(v) {
+    return /^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}[T ]\d{2}:\d{2}(:\d{2})?(\.\d+)?(Z|[+-]\d{2}:\d{2})?$/.test(v) && Number.isFinite(Date.parse(v));
+}
+export function validateFields(schema, values, path = "", opts = {}) {
+    const requireRequired = opts.requireRequired !== false;
+    const defs = Array.isArray(schema) ? schema : [];
+    const obj = (values ?? {});
+    if (typeof obj !== "object" || Array.isArray(obj))
+        throw new BadRequest(`${path || "fields"} must be an object`);
+    for (const def of defs) {
+        const at = path ? `${path}.${def.name}` : def.name;
+        const v = obj[def.name];
+        const missing = v === undefined || v === null || v === "";
+        if (missing) {
+            if (def.required && requireRequired)
+                throw new BadRequest(`field '${at}' is required`);
+            continue;
+        }
+        switch (def.type) {
+            case "text":
+            case "textarea":
+            case "url":
+            case "select":
+                if (typeof v !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest(`field '${at}' must be a string`);
+                if (def.type === "select" && def.options && !def.options.includes(v)) {
+                    throw new BadRequest(`field '${at}' must be one of: ${def.options.join(", ")}`);
+                }
+                break;
+            case "richtext":
+                if (typeof v !== "string" && typeof v !== "object")
+                    throw new BadRequest(`field '${at}' must be rich text`);
+                break;
+            case "number":
+                if (typeof v !== "number")
+                    throw new BadRequest(`field '${at}' must be a number`);
+                break;
+            case "boolean":
+                if (typeof v !== "boolean")
+                    throw new BadRequest(`field '${at}' must be a boolean`);
+                break;
+            case "date":
+                if (typeof v !== "string" || !isDateString(v))
+                    throw new BadRequest(`field '${at}' must be a date (YYYY-MM-DD)`);
+                break;
+            case "datetime":
+                if (typeof v !== "string" || !isDateTimeString(v))
+                    throw new BadRequest(`field '${at}' must be a date-time (ISO 8601)`);
+                break;
+            case "media":
+                // Media ids are uuids (strings) — reject numbers so the value always resolves
+                // (collectMediaIds/resolveMediaFields only handle string ids).
+                if (typeof v !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest(`field '${at}' must be a media id (string)`);
+                break;
+            case "group":
+                validateFields(def.fields, v, at, opts);
+                break;
+            case "repeater": {
+                if (!Array.isArray(v))
+                    throw new BadRequest(`field '${at}' must be a list`);
+                if (def.min != null && v.length < def.min)
+                    throw new BadRequest(`field '${at}' needs at least ${def.min} item(s)`);
+                if (def.max != null && v.length > def.max)
+                    throw new BadRequest(`field '${at}' allows at most ${def.max} item(s)`);
+                v.forEach((item, i) => validateFields(def.fields, item, `${at}[${i}]`, opts));
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+                break; // unknown type — don't block
+        }
+    }
+}
+/** The public serving path for a media blob (relative; the client resolves it against
+ * its base). Served by the Worker's public `GET /media/<key>` route. */
+export function mediaPath(key) {
+    return `/media/${key}`;
+}
+/** Build a URL for a media blob, optionally with Cloudflare Image Resizing transforms
+ * (`/cdn-cgi/image/<opts>/…`). With no transform opts it's just `mediaPath` (optionally
+ * prefixed by `origin`). Transforms need the deploy's origin to resolve the source path. */
+export function imageUrl(key, opts = {}) {
+    const path = mediaPath(key);
+    const origin = opts.origin ?? "";
+    const hasTransform = opts.width || opts.height || opts.quality || opts.format;
+    if (!hasTransform)
+        return `${origin}${path}`;
+    const params = [];
+    if (opts.width)
+        params.push(`width=${opts.width}`);
+    if (opts.height)
+        params.push(`height=${opts.height}`);
+    if (opts.quality)
+        params.push(`quality=${opts.quality}`);
+    params.push(`format=${opts.format ?? "auto"}`);
+    return `${origin}/cdn-cgi/image/${params.join(",")}${path}`;
+}
+/** Collect the media ids referenced by a fields payload, walking group/repeater nesting. */
+function collectMediaIds(fields, schema, acc) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(schema))
+        return;
+    for (const def of schema) {
+        const v = fields[def.name];
+        if (v == null)
+            continue;
+        if (def.type === "media") {
+            if (typeof v === "string")
+                acc.add(v);
+        }
+        else if (def.type === "group") {
+            collectMediaIds(asObj(v), def.fields, acc);
+        }
+        else if (def.type === "repeater" && Array.isArray(v)) {
+            for (const item of v)
+                collectMediaIds(asObj(item), def.fields, acc);
+        }
+    }
+}
+/** Return a copy of `fields` with every `"media"` field resolved from its id to a
+ * `ResolvedMedia` (or null), recursing into group/repeater nesting. */
+function resolveMediaFields(fields, schema, mediaById) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(schema))
+        return fields;
+    const out = { ...fields };
+    for (const def of schema) {
+        const v = out[def.name];
+        if (v == null)
+            continue;
+        if (def.type === "media") {
+            if (typeof v === "string")
+                out[def.name] = mediaById.get(v) ?? null;
+        }
+        else if (def.type === "group") {
+            out[def.name] = resolveMediaFields(asObj(v), def.fields, mediaById);
+        }
+        else if (def.type === "repeater" && Array.isArray(v)) {
+            out[def.name] = v.map((item) => resolveMediaFields(asObj(item), def.fields, mediaById));
+        }
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+const cdb = (ctx) => ctx.db;
+const notFound = (what) => new PramenError(`${what} not found`, 404, "not_found");
+const asObj = (v) => (v && typeof v === "object" ? v : {});
+// Timestamps in the SAME shape as the `expr.now()` column default (`datetime('now')`:
+// "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS", UTC, second precision) so a column's insert-default and its
+// handler-written updates stay lexically comparable (an ISO `T`/`Z` string sorts wrong).
+const nowStamp = () => new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 19).replace("T", " ");
+const isEditor = (ctx, roles) => {
+    const held = ctx.identity?.roles ?? (ctx.identity?.role ? [ctx.identity.role] : []);
+    return held.some((r) => roles.includes(r));
+};
+/** Assemble a page LIVE from its placements/blocks/types, grouped by region and ordered
+ * by position, merging each shared placement's `overrides` over its block's fields. */
+async function assembleLive(db, page) {
+    const placements = await db.find({
+        from: "cms_page_blocks",
+        where: { pageId: page.id },
+        orderBy: [{ column: "region" }, { column: "position" }],
+        with: { block: true },
+    });
+    const typeIds = [...new Set(placements.map((p) => asObj(p.block).typeId).filter((v) => typeof v === "string"))];
+    const types = typeIds.length ? await db.find({ from: "cms_block_types", where: { id: { in: typeIds } } }) : [];
+    const typeById = new Map(types.map((t) => [t.id, { slug: t.slug, fieldsSchema: t.fieldsSchema }]));
+    // Merge each placement's fields (base + shared overrides), then resolve `"media"`
+    // fields (id → ResolvedMedia) in one batched lookup across the whole page.
+    const merged = placements.map((p) => {
+        const block = asObj(p.block);
+        const fields = { ...asObj(block.fields), ...(p.isShared ? asObj(p.overrides) : {}) };
+        return { p, block, fields, schema: typeById.get(String(block.typeId))?.fieldsSchema };
+    });
+    const mediaIds = new Set();
+    for (const m of merged)
+        collectMediaIds(m.fields, m.schema, mediaIds);
+    const mediaById = new Map();
+    if (mediaIds.size) {
+        const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_media", where: { id: { in: [...mediaIds] } } });
+        for (const r of rows) {
+            const file = asObj(r.file);
+            mediaById.set(String(r.id), {
+                id: String(r.id),
+                key: String(file.key ?? ""),
+                url: mediaPath(String(file.key ?? "")),
+                alt: r.alt ?? null,
+                contentType: file.contentType ?? null,
+                filename: file.filename ?? null,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    const regions = {};
+    for (const m of merged) {
+        const region = String(m.p.region);
+        (regions[region] ??= []).push({
+            id: String(m.p.id),
+            block_id: String(m.block.id),
+            block_type: typeById.get(String(m.block.typeId))?.slug ?? "unknown",
+            title: m.block.title ?? null,
+            fields: resolveMediaFields(m.fields, m.schema, mediaById),
+            is_shared: Boolean(m.p.isShared),
+        });
+    }
+    const [translations, ogImage] = await Promise.all([siblingTranslations(db, page), resolveMediaId(db, page.ogImage)]);
+    return { page: pageMeta(page, translations, ogImage), regions };
+}
+/** Resolve a single media id to a ResolvedMedia (for og:image etc.), or null. */
+async function resolveMediaId(db, id) {
+    if (typeof id !== "string" || !id)
+        return null;
+    const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_media", where: { id }, limit: 1 });
+    if (!rows[0])
+        return null;
+    const file = asObj(rows[0].file);
+    return {
+        id: String(rows[0].id),
+        key: String(file.key ?? ""),
+        url: mediaPath(String(file.key ?? "")),
+        alt: rows[0].alt ?? null,
+        contentType: file.contentType ?? null,
+        filename: file.filename ?? null,
+    };
+}
+/** Publish a page: assemble a snapshot, write a revision (recording the actor), and point
+ * the page at it. Shared by publishPage, approve, and the scheduled cms:publish task.
+ * `clearSchedule` (a MANUAL publish) also clears the pending auto-unpublish token so a
+ * stale scheduled unpublish can't later archive the page behind the editor's back; the
+ * SCHEDULED cms:publish task passes false so a publish+unpublish pair both still fire. */
+async function doPublish(db, page, actor, note, clearSchedule = false) {
+    const now = nowStamp();
+    const snapshot = await assembleLive(db, { ...page, status: "published" });
+    snapshot.page.status = "published";
+    const rev = await db.insert("cms_page_revisions", { pageId: page.id, title: page.title, status: "published", snapshot, note: note ?? null, actor });
+    const patch = { status: "published", publishedAt: now, scheduledAt: null, currentRevisionId: rev.id, updatedAt: now };
+    if (clearSchedule)
+        patch.unpublishAt = null;
+    return db.update("cms_pages", String(page.id), patch);
+}
+/** Published sibling translations of a page (other locales in the same translation group),
+ * for hreflang. Excludes the page itself. */
+async function siblingTranslations(db, page) {
+    const group = page.translationGroupId;
+    if (!group)
+        return [];
+    const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { translationGroupId: group, status: "published" } });
+    return rows
+        .filter((r) => String(r.id) !== String(page.id))
+        .map((r) => ({ locale: String(r.locale ?? "en"), slug: String(r.slug) }));
+}
+/** Project a page row to the public AssembledPage.page shape. */
+function pageMeta(page, translations = [], ogImage = null) {
+    const metaTitle = page.metaTitle ?? null;
+    const metaDescription = page.metaDescription ?? null;
+    return {
+        id: String(page.id),
+        title: String(page.title),
+        slug: String(page.slug),
+        status: String(page.status),
+        locale: String(page.locale ?? "en"),
+        translationGroupId: page.translationGroupId ?? null,
+        translations,
+        fields: page.fields ?? null,
+        metaTitle,
+        metaDescription,
+        seo: {
+            metaTitle,
+            metaDescription,
+            canonicalUrl: page.canonicalUrl ?? null,
+            robots: page.robots ?? null,
+            ogTitle: page.ogTitle ?? null,
+            ogDescription: page.ogDescription ?? null,
+            ogImage,
+            structuredData: page.structuredData ?? null,
+        },
+    };
+}
+async function nextPosition(db, pageId, region) {
+    const rows = await db.exec("SELECT COALESCE(MAX(position), -1) AS m FROM cms_page_blocks WHERE pageId = ? AND region = ?", pageId, region);
+    return Number(rows[0]?.m ?? -1) + 1;
+}
+async function loadBlockTypeBySlug(db, slug) {
+    const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_block_types", where: { slug }, limit: 1 });
+    if (!rows[0])
+        throw new BadRequest(`unknown block type '${slug}'`);
+    return rows[0];
+}
+async function assertRegionAllows(db, page, region, blockTypeSlug) {
+    const ctRows = await db.find({ from: "cms_content_types", where: { id: page.typeId }, limit: 1 });
+    const regions = ctRows[0]?.regions ?? [];
+    const def = regions.find((r) => r.name === region);
+    if (!def)
+        throw new BadRequest(`region '${region}' is not defined on this page's content type`);
+    // A non-empty allowedTypes restricts; null/undefined OR an empty array means "any type"
+    // (matching the editor, which treats `[]` as unrestricted — otherwise the region is unusable).
+    if (def.allowedTypes && def.allowedTypes.length && !def.allowedTypes.includes(blockTypeSlug)) {
+        throw new BadRequest(`block type '${blockTypeSlug}' is not allowed in region '${region}'`);
+    }
+}
+/** Build the CMS handler map. Spread into your app's handlers. Editor mutations are
+ * gated both by `auth` (fast 403 before the body) and by the row ACL (cmsPolicies). */
+export function createCmsHandlers(opts = {}) {
+    const editorRoles = opts.editorRoles ?? ["editor", "admin"];
+    const editor = { auth: editorRoles };
+    const mediaMaxSize = opts.mediaMaxSize ?? 25_000_000;
+    const defaultLocale = opts.defaultLocale ?? "en";
+    const reviewerRoles = opts.reviewerRoles ?? ["reviewer", "admin"];
+    const reviewer = { auth: reviewerRoles };
+    // Anyone who edits OR reviews may VIEW content (a reviewer must preview a page + load its
+    // content type/blocks before approving). Read/preview handlers use this; writes stay editor.
+    const viewerRoles = [...new Set([...editorRoles, ...reviewerRoles])];
+    const viewer = { auth: viewerRoles };
+    // The caller's identity id (the audit actor), or null for a system/unauthenticated write.
+    const actorOf = (ctx) => (typeof ctx.identity?.userId === "string" ? ctx.identity.userId : null);
+    // Append an audit row for a workflow transition (synchronous, in the mutation's txn).
+    const writeAudit = (db, e) => db.insert("cms_audit", { pageId: e.pageId, action: e.action, fromStatus: e.from ?? null, toStatus: e.to ?? null, actor: e.actor, note: e.note ?? null });
+    // (slug, locale) uniqueness is enforced here because pramen's unique() is single-column.
+    const assertSlugFree = async (db, slug, locale, exceptId) => {
+        const rows = await db.exec("SELECT id FROM cms_pages WHERE slug = ? AND locale = ? LIMIT 1", slug, locale);
+        if (rows[0] && String(rows[0].id) !== exceptId)
+            throw new BadRequest(`slug '${slug}' already exists for locale '${locale}'`);
+    };
+    const TASK_PUBLISH = "cms:publish";
+    const TASK_UNPUBLISH = "cms:unpublish";
+    return {
+        // ---- block types & content types (data-driven definitions) ----
+        listBlockTypes: query((ctx) => cdb(ctx).find({ from: "cms_block_types", orderBy: { column: "name" } })),
+        createBlockType: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            return cdb(ctx).insert("cms_block_types", {
+                name: input.name,
+                slug: input.slug,
+                description: input.description ?? null,
+                fieldsSchema: input.fieldsSchema ?? [],
+                icon: input.icon ?? null,
+                category: input.category ?? null,
+            });
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.name !== "string" || typeof o.slug !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("name and slug are required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        createContentType: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            return cdb(ctx).insert("cms_content_types", {
+                name: input.name,
+                slug: input.slug,
+                regions: input.regions ?? [],
+                fieldsSchema: input.fieldsSchema ?? [],
+                defaultBlocks: input.defaultBlocks ?? [],
+            });
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.name !== "string" || typeof o.slug !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("name and slug are required");
+                if (!Array.isArray(o.regions) || o.regions.length === 0)
+                    throw new BadRequest("at least one region is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        // ---- media library ----
+        /** Mint a signed upload URL for a media blob (keyed under the tenant's `media/`
+         * prefix so the public /media route can serve it). The client PUTs the bytes to
+         * `url`, then calls `createMedia` with the returned `ref`. */
+        signMediaUpload: mutation((ctx, input) => {
+            return ctx.files.signUpload({ contentType: input.contentType, filename: input.filename, prefix: "media", maxSize: mediaMaxSize });
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.contentType !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("contentType is required");
+                return { contentType: o.contentType, filename: typeof o.filename === "string" ? o.filename : undefined };
+            },
+        }),
+        /** Confirm an uploaded blob is really in storage (capturing its true size) and
+         * persist a `cms_media` row. Mirrors the notes attach flow. */
+        createMedia: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const head = await ctx.files.head(input.ref.key);
+            if (!head)
+                throw new BadRequest("uploaded file not found in storage");
+            const file = {
+                key: input.ref.key,
+                size: head.size,
+                contentType: head.contentType ?? input.ref.contentType,
+                filename: input.ref.filename,
+                uploadedAt: Date.now(),
+            };
+            return cdb(ctx).insert("cms_media", { file, alt: input.alt ?? null });
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                const ref = asObj(o.ref);
+                if (typeof ref.key !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("ref.key is required");
+                return {
+                    ref: {
+                        key: ref.key,
+                        size: typeof ref.size === "number" ? ref.size : 0,
+                        contentType: typeof ref.contentType === "string" ? ref.contentType : "application/octet-stream",
+                        filename: typeof ref.filename === "string" ? ref.filename : undefined,
+                    },
+                    alt: typeof o.alt === "string" ? o.alt : undefined,
+                };
+            },
+        }),
+        listMedia: query((ctx, input) => {
+            const limit = Math.min(Math.max(Math.trunc(Number(input?.limit ?? 50)) || 50, 1), 200);
+            const offset = Math.max(Math.trunc(Number(input?.offset ?? 0)) || 0, 0);
+            return cdb(ctx).find({ from: "cms_media", orderBy: { column: "createdAt", dir: "desc" }, limit, offset });
+        }, viewer),
+        getMedia: query(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const rows = await cdb(ctx).find({ from: "cms_media", where: { id: input.id }, limit: 1 });
+            return rows[0] ?? null;
+        }, {
+            ...viewer,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.id !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("id is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        /** Edit a media asset's metadata (currently just `alt` text). Editor-gated. */
+        updateMedia: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const updated = await cdb(ctx).update("cms_media", input.id, { alt: input.alt ?? null });
+            if (!updated)
+                throw notFound("media");
+            return updated;
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.id !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("id is required");
+                return { id: o.id, alt: typeof o.alt === "string" ? o.alt : null };
+            },
+        }),
+        /** Delete a media row AND its R2 blob. (Automatic orphan sweeping — media no longer
+         * referenced by any block — is future work; refs live inside opaque block JSON.) */
+        deleteMedia: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_media", where: { id: input.id }, limit: 1 });
+            const media = rows[0];
+            if (!media)
+                throw notFound("media");
+            const key = String(asObj(media.file).key ?? "");
+            await db.delete("cms_media", input.id);
+            if (key)
+                await ctx.files.delete(key).catch(() => { });
+            return { ok: true };
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.id !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("id is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        listContentTypes: query((ctx) => cdb(ctx).find({ from: "cms_content_types", orderBy: { column: "name" } }), viewer),
+        getContentType: query(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const rows = await cdb(ctx).find({ from: "cms_content_types", where: { id: input.id }, limit: 1 });
+            return rows[0] ?? null;
+        }, {
+            ...viewer,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.id !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("id is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        // ---- pages ----
+        listPages: query((ctx) => cdb(ctx).find({ from: "cms_pages", orderBy: { column: "createdAt", dir: "desc" }, limit: 100 })),
+        /** Public: list published pages (slug, locale, updatedAt) for sitemap generation. The
+         * anonymous ACL scopes cms_pages reads to status=published, so this is safe to expose. */
+        listPublishedPages: query(async (ctx) => {
+            const rows = await cdb(ctx).find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { status: "published" }, orderBy: { column: "updatedAt", dir: "desc" }, limit: 5000 });
+            return rows.map((r) => ({ slug: String(r.slug), locale: String(r.locale ?? "en"), updatedAt: String(r.updatedAt ?? r.createdAt ?? "") }));
+        }),
+        /** Update a page's SEO fields (meta/canonical/robots/OpenGraph/JSON-LD). Editor-gated. */
+        updatePageSeo: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const patch = { updatedAt: nowStamp() };
+            for (const k of ["metaTitle", "metaDescription", "canonicalUrl", "robots", "ogTitle", "ogDescription", "ogImage"]) {
+                if (k in input)
+                    patch[k] = input[k];
+            }
+            if ("structuredData" in input)
+                patch.structuredData = input.structuredData ?? null;
+            const updated = await db.update("cms_pages", input.pageId, patch);
+            if (!updated)
+                throw notFound("page");
+            return { ok: true, page: updated };
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.pageId !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("pageId is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        /** Create a page and auto-scaffold its content type's default blocks. */
+        createPage: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const ctRows = await db.find({ from: "cms_content_types", where: { id: input.typeId }, limit: 1 });
+            const ct = ctRows[0];
+            if (!ct)
+                throw new BadRequest("unknown content type");
+            validateFields(ct.fieldsSchema, input.fields ?? {}, "page.fields", { requireRequired: false });
+            const locale = input.locale ?? defaultLocale;
+            await assertSlugFree(db, input.slug, locale);
+            const page = await db.insert("cms_pages", {
+                typeId: input.typeId,
+                title: input.title,
+                slug: input.slug,
+                locale,
+                fields: input.fields ?? {},
+                status: "draft",
+            });
+            const defaults = ct.defaultBlocks ?? [];
+            for (const d of defaults) {
+                // A default block must pass the SAME guards as addBlock — a known type, an
+                // allowed region, and schema-valid fields — or the page would be scaffolded with
+                // an invalid/disallowed block that later renders on the published snapshot. A
+                // misconfigured default is skipped with a warning rather than aborting the page.
+                try {
+                    const bts = await db.find({ from: "cms_block_types", where: { slug: d.blockTypeSlug }, limit: 1 });
+                    if (!bts[0])
+                        throw new BadRequest(`unknown block type '${d.blockTypeSlug}'`);
+                    await assertRegionAllows(db, page, d.region, d.blockTypeSlug);
+                    validateFields(bts[0].fieldsSchema, d.fields ?? {}, "", { requireRequired: false });
+                    const block = await db.insert("cms_blocks", { typeId: bts[0].id, fields: d.fields ?? {} });
+                    const position = await nextPosition(db, String(page.id), d.region);
+                    await db.insert("cms_page_blocks", { pageId: page.id, blockId: block.id, region: d.region, position });
+                }
+                catch (e) {
+                    console.warn(`@pramen/cms: content type '${ct.slug}' default block (${d.blockTypeSlug} → ${d.region}) skipped: ${e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)}`);
+                }
+            }
+            return page;
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.typeId !== "string" || typeof o.title !== "string" || typeof o.slug !== "string") {
+                    throw new BadRequest("typeId, title and slug are required");
+                }
+                if (o.locale !== undefined && typeof o.locale !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("locale must be a string");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        /** Create a translation of an existing page: a new page in `locale` sharing the
+         * source's translationGroupId (and content type). Content starts empty — the editor
+         * fills in the translated blocks. Slug defaults to the source's (allowed in a new locale). */
+        createTranslation: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { id: input.pageId }, limit: 1 });
+            const src = rows[0];
+            if (!src)
+                throw notFound("page");
+            if (String(src.locale) === input.locale)
+                throw new BadRequest("page is already in that locale");
+            // A legacy page (migrated in before this column existed) has a NULL group — a NULL
+            // match would collapse ALL legacy pages together. Backfill the source with its own
+            // group first, so this translation joins only it.
+            let group = src.translationGroupId;
+            if (typeof group !== "string" || !group) {
+                group = crypto.randomUUID();
+                await db.update("cms_pages", String(src.id), { translationGroupId: group });
+            }
+            const existing = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { translationGroupId: group, locale: input.locale }, limit: 1 });
+            if (existing[0])
+                throw new BadRequest(`a '${input.locale}' translation already exists`);
+            const slug = input.slug ?? String(src.slug);
+            await assertSlugFree(db, slug, input.locale);
+            return db.insert("cms_pages", {
+                typeId: src.typeId,
+                title: input.title ?? String(src.title),
+                slug,
+                locale: input.locale,
+                translationGroupId: group,
+                fields: {},
+                status: "draft",
+            });
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.pageId !== "string" || typeof o.locale !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("pageId and locale are required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        /** List all locales of a page (the translation group), including the page itself. */
+        listTranslations: query(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { id: input.pageId }, limit: 1 });
+            const self = rows[0];
+            if (!self)
+                throw notFound("page");
+            const proj = (r) => ({ id: String(r.id), locale: String(r.locale ?? "en"), slug: String(r.slug), title: String(r.title), status: String(r.status) });
+            // A NULL group (legacy page) matches all legacy pages — guard it and return just self.
+            if (typeof self.translationGroupId !== "string" || !self.translationGroupId)
+                return [proj(self)];
+            const group = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { translationGroupId: self.translationGroupId } });
+            return group.map(proj);
+        }, {
+            ...viewer,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.pageId !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("pageId is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        /** Distinct locales present across all pages. */
+        listLocales: query(async (ctx) => {
+            const rows = await cdb(ctx).exec("SELECT DISTINCT locale FROM cms_pages ORDER BY locale");
+            return rows.map((r) => String(r.locale ?? "en"));
+        }, viewer),
+        // ---- blocks & placement ----
+        /** Create a block instance and place it into a page region in one call (the common
+         * editor action). Validates the fields against the block type's schema and the region
+         * against the content type's allow-list. */
+        addBlock: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const pages = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { id: input.pageId }, limit: 1 });
+            const page = pages[0];
+            if (!page)
+                throw notFound("page");
+            const bt = await loadBlockTypeBySlug(db, input.blockTypeSlug);
+            await assertRegionAllows(db, page, input.region, input.blockTypeSlug);
+            validateFields(bt.fieldsSchema, input.fields ?? {}, "", { requireRequired: false });
+            const block = await db.insert("cms_blocks", {
+                typeId: bt.id,
+                title: input.title ?? null,
+                fields: input.fields ?? {},
+                isReusable: input.isReusable ?? false,
+            });
+            const position = input.position ?? (await nextPosition(db, input.pageId, input.region));
+            const placement = await db.insert("cms_page_blocks", {
+                pageId: input.pageId,
+                blockId: block.id,
+                region: input.region,
+                position,
+                isShared: input.isReusable ?? false,
+            });
+            return { block, placement };
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.pageId !== "string" || typeof o.blockTypeSlug !== "string" || typeof o.region !== "string") {
+                    throw new BadRequest("pageId, blockTypeSlug and region are required");
+                }
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        /** Place an EXISTING (typically reusable) block into a page region as a SHARED
+         * placement, with optional per-placement `overrides` merged over the block's fields at
+         * read time. This is the "edit once, appear on many pages" workflow — the same block id
+         * can be placed on several pages; editing it updates them all, while `overrides` let one
+         * placement diverge. The merged (base + overrides) result is validated against the
+         * block type's field schema. */
+        placeBlock: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const pages = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { id: input.pageId }, limit: 1 });
+            const page = pages[0];
+            if (!page)
+                throw notFound("page");
+            const blocks = await db.find({ from: "cms_blocks", where: { id: input.blockId }, limit: 1 });
+            const block = blocks[0];
+            if (!block)
+                throw notFound("block");
+            const bts = await db.find({ from: "cms_block_types", where: { id: block.typeId }, limit: 1 });
+            const slug = String(bts[0]?.slug ?? "");
+            await assertRegionAllows(db, page, input.region, slug);
+            if (input.overrides !== undefined) {
+                validateFields(bts[0]?.fieldsSchema, { ...asObj(block.fields), ...input.overrides }, "", { requireRequired: false });
+            }
+            const position = input.position ?? (await nextPosition(db, input.pageId, input.region));
+            return db.insert("cms_page_blocks", {
+                pageId: input.pageId,
+                blockId: input.blockId,
+                region: input.region,
+                position,
+                isShared: true,
+                overrides: input.overrides ?? null,
+            });
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.pageId !== "string" || typeof o.blockId !== "string" || typeof o.region !== "string") {
+                    throw new BadRequest("pageId, blockId and region are required");
+                }
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        /** Fetch a block's RAW content (media fields as ids, not resolved) — for editing. */
+        getBlock: query(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const rows = await cdb(ctx).find({ from: "cms_blocks", where: { id: input.blockId }, limit: 1 });
+            return rows[0] ?? null;
+        }, {
+            ...viewer,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.blockId !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("blockId is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        /** Update a block's content (re-validated against its type's field schema). */
+        updateBlock: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_blocks", where: { id: input.blockId }, limit: 1 });
+            const block = rows[0];
+            if (!block)
+                throw notFound("block");
+            if (input.fields !== undefined) {
+                const bt = await db.find({ from: "cms_block_types", where: { id: block.typeId }, limit: 1 });
+                validateFields(bt[0]?.fieldsSchema, input.fields, "", { requireRequired: false });
+            }
+            const patch = { updatedAt: nowStamp() };
+            if (input.fields !== undefined)
+                patch.fields = input.fields;
+            if (input.title !== undefined)
+                patch.title = input.title;
+            return db.update("cms_blocks", input.blockId, patch);
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.blockId !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("blockId is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        /** Reorder a region: `order` is the page_block ids in their new order. It must cover
+         * EXACTLY the region's current placements (same set, no dups) — otherwise a partial or
+         * stale list would leave untouched placements colliding at a shared position. */
+        reorderRegion: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const current = await db.find({ from: "cms_page_blocks", where: { pageId: input.pageId, region: input.region } });
+            const currentIds = new Set(current.map((p) => String(p.id)));
+            const orderSet = new Set(input.order.map(String));
+            if (orderSet.size !== input.order.length)
+                throw new BadRequest("order contains duplicate ids");
+            if (orderSet.size !== currentIds.size || ![...orderSet].every((id) => currentIds.has(id))) {
+                throw new BadRequest("order must list exactly this region's placements");
+            }
+            for (let i = 0; i < input.order.length; i++) {
+                await db.exec("UPDATE cms_page_blocks SET position = ? WHERE id = ? AND pageId = ? AND region = ?", i, input.order[i], input.pageId, input.region);
+            }
+            return { ok: true, count: input.order.length };
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.pageId !== "string" || typeof o.region !== "string" || !Array.isArray(o.order)) {
+                    throw new BadRequest("pageId, region and order[] are required");
+                }
+                if (!o.order.every((id) => typeof id === "string"))
+                    throw new BadRequest("order must be string ids");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        /** Remove a placement. A reusable/shared block stays in the library (it may be placed
+         * elsewhere); a non-reusable block with no remaining placements is deleted too, so
+         * add/remove churn doesn't accumulate unreachable block rows. */
+        removeBlock: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_page_blocks", where: { id: input.pageBlockId }, limit: 1 });
+            const placement = rows[0];
+            if (!placement)
+                throw notFound("placement");
+            await db.delete("cms_page_blocks", input.pageBlockId);
+            const blockId = String(placement.blockId);
+            const stillUsed = await db.find({ from: "cms_page_blocks", where: { blockId }, limit: 1 });
+            if (stillUsed.length === 0) {
+                const blk = await db.find({ from: "cms_blocks", where: { id: blockId }, limit: 1 });
+                if (blk[0] && !blk[0].isReusable)
+                    await db.delete("cms_blocks", blockId);
+            }
+            return { ok: true };
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.pageBlockId !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("pageBlockId is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        // ---- editorial workflow ----
+        /** Move a draft (or rejected) page into review. Editor-gated. */
+        submitForReview: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { id: input.pageId }, limit: 1 });
+            const page = rows[0];
+            if (!page)
+                throw notFound("page");
+            const from = String(page.status);
+            if (from !== "draft" && from !== "rejected")
+                throw new BadRequest(`cannot submit a '${from}' page for review`);
+            const updated = await db.update("cms_pages", input.pageId, { status: "review", updatedAt: nowStamp() });
+            await writeAudit(db, { pageId: input.pageId, action: "submit", from, to: "review", actor: actorOf(ctx), note: input.note });
+            return { ok: true, page: updated };
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.pageId !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("pageId is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        /** Approve a page in review → publish it (snapshot + currentRevisionId). Reviewer-gated. */
+        approve: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { id: input.pageId }, limit: 1 });
+            const page = rows[0];
+            if (!page)
+                throw notFound("page");
+            if (String(page.status) !== "review")
+                throw new BadRequest("only a page in review can be approved");
+            const updated = await doPublish(db, page, actorOf(ctx), input.note, true); // manual → clear pending auto-unpublish
+            await writeAudit(db, { pageId: input.pageId, action: "approve", from: "review", to: "published", actor: actorOf(ctx), note: input.note });
+            return { ok: true, page: updated };
+        }, {
+            ...reviewer,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.pageId !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("pageId is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        /** Reject a page in review → back to draft. Reviewer-gated. */
+        reject: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { id: input.pageId }, limit: 1 });
+            const page = rows[0];
+            if (!page)
+                throw notFound("page");
+            if (String(page.status) !== "review")
+                throw new BadRequest("only a page in review can be rejected");
+            const updated = await db.update("cms_pages", input.pageId, { status: "rejected", updatedAt: nowStamp() });
+            await writeAudit(db, { pageId: input.pageId, action: "reject", from: "review", to: "rejected", actor: actorOf(ctx), note: input.note });
+            return { ok: true, page: updated };
+        }, {
+            ...reviewer,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.pageId !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("pageId is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        /** The workflow audit trail for a page (most recent first). Handler-gated to editors;
+         * reads the append-only log via `exec` (a plain admin-scoped read of a gated log). */
+        listPageAudit: query(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const limit = Math.min(Math.max(Math.trunc(Number(input?.limit ?? 50)) || 50, 1), 200);
+            return cdb(ctx).exec(`SELECT "id", "pageId", "action", "fromStatus", "toStatus", "actor", "note", "createdAt" FROM "cms_audit" WHERE "pageId" = ? ORDER BY "createdAt" DESC LIMIT ${limit}`, input.pageId);
+        }, {
+            ...viewer,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.pageId !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("pageId is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        // ---- publishing ----
+        /** Publish a page directly: snapshot the assembled page into a revision and flip
+         * status to `published` (records an audit entry). The public content API serves the
+         * snapshot. `approve` is the review-gated path to the same outcome. */
+        publishPage: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { id: input.pageId }, limit: 1 });
+            const page = rows[0];
+            if (!page)
+                throw notFound("page");
+            const from = String(page.status);
+            const updated = await doPublish(db, page, actorOf(ctx), input.note, true); // manual → clear pending auto-unpublish
+            await writeAudit(db, { pageId: input.pageId, action: "publish", from, to: "published", actor: actorOf(ctx), note: input.note });
+            return { ok: true, page: updated };
+        }, {
+            // Reviewer-gated: publishing makes content live, so it requires the same authority as
+            // `approve` — an editor can't bypass review by calling publishPage directly. (Editors
+            // author + submitForReview; reviewers approve/publish.)
+            ...reviewer,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.pageId !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("pageId is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        unpublishPage: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            // Clear any pending schedule tokens too: a queued cms:publish/cms:unpublish task
+            // validates its token against these at fire time, so nulling them cancels the
+            // schedule (the editor is taking manual control).
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { id: input.pageId }, limit: 1 });
+            const from = rows[0] ? String(rows[0].status) : undefined;
+            const updated = await db.update("cms_pages", input.pageId, { status: "draft", scheduledAt: null, unpublishAt: null, updatedAt: nowStamp() });
+            if (!updated)
+                throw notFound("page");
+            await writeAudit(db, { pageId: input.pageId, action: "unpublish", from, to: "draft", actor: actorOf(ctx) });
+            return { ok: true, page: updated };
+        }, {
+            ...editor,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.pageId !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("pageId is required");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        /** Schedule a page to publish at `publishAt` (epoch ms), and optionally unpublish at
+         * `unpublishAt`. Enqueues delayed outbox tasks (atomic with this write).
+         *
+         * Outbox tasks can't be recalled, so cancellation/rescheduling is handled by INTENT
+         * TOKENS: the page stores the scheduled times (`scheduledAt`/`unpublishAt`, ISO), and
+         * each task carries the token it was enqueued for. At fire time the task acts ONLY if
+         * its token still equals the page's current token — so rescheduling (new token),
+         * manual publish/unpublish (token cleared), and duplicate deliveries all make a stale
+         * task a no-op. `unpublishAt` must be after `publishAt`. */
+        schedulePage: mutation(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { id: input.pageId }, limit: 1 });
+            if (!rows[0])
+                throw notFound("page");
+            const now = Date.now();
+            const publishToken = new Date(input.publishAt).toISOString();
+            const unpublishToken = input.unpublishAt !== undefined ? new Date(input.unpublishAt).toISOString() : null;
+            await db.update("cms_pages", input.pageId, { scheduledAt: publishToken, unpublishAt: unpublishToken });
+            await ctx.tasks.enqueue({ kind: TASK_PUBLISH, payload: { pageId: input.pageId, token: publishToken }, delayMs: Math.max(0, input.publishAt - now) });
+            if (input.unpublishAt !== undefined) {
+                await ctx.tasks.enqueue({ kind: TASK_UNPUBLISH, payload: { pageId: input.pageId, token: unpublishToken }, delayMs: Math.max(0, input.unpublishAt - now) });
+            }
+            return { ok: true, publishInMs: Math.max(0, input.publishAt - now) };
+        }, {
+            // Reviewer-gated like publishPage — a scheduled publish is still a publish.
+            ...reviewer,
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.pageId !== "string" || !Number.isFinite(o.publishAt))
+                    throw new BadRequest("pageId and a finite publishAt (epoch ms) are required");
+                if (o.unpublishAt !== undefined) {
+                    if (!Number.isFinite(o.unpublishAt))
+                        throw new BadRequest("unpublishAt must be a finite epoch ms");
+                    if (o.unpublishAt <= o.publishAt)
+                        throw new BadRequest("unpublishAt must be after publishAt");
+                }
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+        // ---- public content API ----
+        /** Fetch an assembled page by slug (+ locale). Anonymous callers get the published
+         * snapshot (the ACL scopes `cms_pages` reads to `status = published`). Editors may pass
+         * `preview: true` to assemble the current DRAFT live from the tables. `locale` defaults
+         * to the configured default locale; a slug is unique per locale. */
+        getPage: query(async (ctx, input) => {
+            const db = cdb(ctx);
+            // Preview is an editor capability — gate it before the lookup so a non-editor gets a
+            // clear 403 (rather than a 404 that merely reflects the published-only read scope).
+            if (input.preview && !isEditor(ctx, viewerRoles))
+                throw new Forbidden("preview requires an editor or reviewer role");
+            const locale = input.locale ?? defaultLocale;
+            const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { slug: input.slug, locale }, limit: 1 });
+            const page = rows[0];
+            if (!page)
+                throw notFound("page"); // also the anonymous-vs-draft case: ACL yields no row
+            if (input.preview)
+                return assembleLive(db, page);
+            // Public path: serve the page's current published revision snapshot (selected by the
+            // page's `currentRevisionId` pointer — deterministic, unlike ordering by a
+            // second-precision timestamp). We do NOT assemble live here: anonymous has no read
+            // grant on the block tables (only pages + revisions), so a page without a current
+            // revision returns its meta with empty regions rather than a spurious 403. In
+            // practice publish always sets currentRevisionId, so that fallback is defensive.
+            if (page.currentRevisionId) {
+                const revs = await db.find({ from: "cms_page_revisions", where: { id: page.currentRevisionId }, limit: 1 });
+                if (revs[0]?.snapshot) {
+                    const snap = revs[0].snapshot;
+                    // hreflang alternates are computed LIVE (not from the snapshot): a sibling
+                    // published AFTER this page won't be in the baked snapshot. Anonymous can read
+                    // published pages, so this query is in-policy on the public path.
+                    snap.page.translations = await siblingTranslations(db, page);
+                    // Back-compat: a snapshot baked before `seo`/`translationGroupId` existed lacks
+                    // those keys, but AssembledPage now types them as present — backfill from the live
+                    // page row so a frontend head template never hits `page.seo` === undefined.
+                    if (!snap.page.seo)
+                        snap.page.seo = pageMeta(page).seo;
+                    if (snap.page.translationGroupId === undefined)
+                        snap.page.translationGroupId = page.translationGroupId ?? null;
+                    return snap;
+                }
+            }
+            return { page: pageMeta(page, await siblingTranslations(db, page), await resolveMediaId(db, page.ogImage)), regions: {} };
+        }, {
+            input: (raw) => {
+                const o = asObj(raw);
+                if (typeof o.slug !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("slug is required");
+                if (o.locale !== undefined && typeof o.locale !== "string")
+                    throw new BadRequest("locale must be a string");
+                return o;
+            },
+        }),
+    };
+}
+/** The default CMS handlers (editor roles `["editor", "admin"]`). */
+export const cmsHandlers = createCmsHandlers();
+/** ACL fragments. Spread `public` into your anonymous role and `editor` into your
+ * editor/admin role:
+ *
+ *   role("anonymous", [...cmsPolicies().public])
+ *   role("editor",    [...cmsPolicies().editor])
+ *
+ * `public` grants read of PUBLISHED pages + their revision snapshots only (the public
+ * content API reads the snapshot, so unpublished block rows are never exposed).
+ * `editor` grants full CRUD across every cms_ table. */
+export function cmsPolicies(opts = {}) {
+    const p = opts.prefix ?? "cms";
+    const tables = ["cms_content_types", "cms_block_types", "cms_blocks", "cms_pages", "cms_page_blocks", "cms_page_revisions", "cms_media", "cms_audit"];
+    const editorPolicies = [];
+    for (const table of tables) {
+        for (const action of ["read", "create", "update", "delete"]) {
+            editorPolicies.push(policy(`${p}:editor:${table}:${action}`, table, action, allow()));
+        }
+    }
+    return {
+        public: [
+            // Only published pages are readable; the snapshot carries the content.
+            policy(`${p}:public:pages:read`, "cms_pages", "read", { where: { status: "published" } }),
+            // getPage reads the latest revision snapshot. Scope the grant by the revision's
+            // PAGE being currently published (a relation-traversal where, compiled to a
+            // subquery), so a revision of a later-unpublished/archived page is never publicly
+            // readable — least-privilege even for a future revision-listing handler.
+            policy(`${p}:public:revisions:read`, "cms_page_revisions", "read", { where: { page: { status: "published" } } }),
+            // Media metadata is public (the bytes are separately gated by signed urls).
+            policy(`${p}:public:media:read`, "cms_media", "read", allow()),
+        ],
+        editor: editorPolicies,
+    };
+}
+// --- deferred tasks (scheduled publish/unpublish) ----------------------------
+/** Task handlers backing `schedulePage`. Register via `app.tasks = { ...cmsTasks }`.
+ * They run with a privileged, system-scoped ctx off the write path (the outbox drain).
+ *
+ * Each task validates its INTENT TOKEN against the page's current `scheduledAt`/`unpublishAt`
+ * (set by `schedulePage`, cleared/overwritten by a manual publish/unpublish or a reschedule).
+ * A task whose token no longer matches is a no-op — that's how a superseded/cancelled
+ * schedule, and an at-least-once duplicate delivery, are neutralized (outbox tasks can't be
+ * recalled). NOTE on atomicity: unlike the interactive `publishPage` (one mutation
+ * transaction), the drain runs a handler WITHOUT a surrounding transaction, so a crash
+ * between the revision insert and the page update leaves the page unpublished with an orphan
+ * revision until the next at-least-once redelivery re-runs (the token still matches, so it
+ * completes). Acceptable for a scheduled job; the interactive path is atomic. */
+export const cmsTasks = {
+    "cms:publish": async (ctx, payload) => {
+        const { pageId, token } = asObj(payload);
+        if (!pageId)
+            return;
+        const db = cdb(ctx);
+        const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { id: pageId }, limit: 1 });
+        const page = rows[0];
+        if (!page)
+            return;
+        // Intent check: only publish if this task is still the page's active schedule. A
+        // reschedule (new token), a manual publish/unpublish (token cleared), or a duplicate
+        // delivery after this task already ran (token cleared below) all make this a no-op.
+        if (String(page.scheduledAt ?? "") !== String(token ?? ""))
+            return;
+        const from = String(page.status);
+        await doPublish(db, page, null, "scheduled publish"); // actor null = system
+        await db.insert("cms_audit", { pageId, action: "publish", fromStatus: from, toStatus: "published", actor: null, note: "scheduled" });
+    },
+    "cms:unpublish": async (ctx, payload) => {
+        const { pageId, token } = asObj(payload);
+        if (!pageId)
+            return;
+        const db = cdb(ctx);
+        const rows = await db.find({ from: "cms_pages", where: { id: pageId }, limit: 1 });
+        const page = rows[0];
+        if (!page)
+            return;
+        if (String(page.unpublishAt ?? "") !== String(token ?? ""))
+            return; // superseded/cancelled
+        const from = String(page.status);
+        await db.update("cms_pages", pageId, { status: "archived", unpublishAt: null, updatedAt: nowStamp() });
+        await db.insert("cms_audit", { pageId, action: "unpublish", fromStatus: from, toStatus: "archived", actor: null, note: "scheduled" });
+    },
+};
+const xmlEscape = (s) => s.replace(/&/g, "&amp;").replace(/</g, "&lt;").replace(/>/g, "&gt;").replace(/"/g, "&quot;").replace(/'/g, "&apos;");
+/** Build a sitemap.xml body from published-page entries. */
+export function sitemapXml(entries, opts) {
+    const toUrl = opts.pageUrl ?? ((e, origin) => `${origin}/${e.locale}/${e.slug}`);
+    const urls = entries
+        .map((e) => {
+        const loc = xmlEscape(toUrl(e, opts.origin));
+        const lastmod = e.updatedAt ? `<lastmod>${xmlEscape(e.updatedAt.slice(0, 10))}</lastmod>` : "";
+        return `  <url><loc>${loc}</loc>${lastmod}</url>`;
+    })
+        .join("\n");
+    return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">\n${urls}\n</urlset>\n`;
+}
+/** Build a robots.txt body pointing at the sitemap. */
+export function robotsTxt(opts) {
+    const dis = (opts.disallow ?? []).map((p) => `Disallow: ${p}`).join("\n");
+    return `User-agent: *\n${dis ? dis + "\n" : "Allow: /\n"}Sitemap: ${opts.origin}/sitemap.xml\n`;
+}
+/** Turnkey public routes for `GET /sitemap.xml` and `GET /robots.txt`. Spread into
+ * `app.routes`. The sitemap pulls published pages via `callPrivileged(listPublishedPages)`.
+ * `origin` defaults to the request's origin; `pageUrl` customizes the URL shape. */
+export function cmsRoutes(opts = {}) {
+    const tenant = opts.tenant ?? "main";
+    return [
+        {
+            method: "GET",
+            path: "/sitemap.xml",
+            handler: async (request, _env, ctx) => {
+                const origin = opts.origin ?? new URL(request.url).origin;
+                const res = await ctx.callPrivileged({ name: "listPublishedPages", tenant, roles: ["admin"] });
+                const body = (await res.json().catch(() => ({})));
+                const xml = sitemapXml(body.result ?? [], { origin, pageUrl: opts.pageUrl });
+                return new Response(xml, { headers: { "content-type": "application/xml; charset=utf-8" } });
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            method: "GET",
+            path: "/robots.txt",
+            handler: async (request) => {
+                const origin = opts.origin ?? new URL(request.url).origin;
+                return new Response(robotsTxt({ origin, disallow: opts.disallow }), { headers: { "content-type": "text/plain; charset=utf-8" } });
+            },
+        },
+    ];
+}