@polyglot-bundles/ka-syllabi 0.1.11 → 0.2.0
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- package/dist/index.js +20 -14
- package/dist/index.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-BBJKg1DY.js +6 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-BBJKg1DY.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-BSKhKTDW.js +6 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-BSKhKTDW.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-CTAv0yfD.js +6 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-CTAv0yfD.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-DSHysOJC.js +6 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-DSHysOJC.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-LSRt08jD.js +6 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-LSRt08jD.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-kLcICyFz.js +6 -0
- package/dist/lesson-01-kLcICyFz.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/lesson-02-BNDCOZZz.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-02-C9DZJyWt.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-02-CsY7a8UP.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-02-DWujij4_.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-02-lSVoPv5L.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-03-8O32c441.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-03-HM06LnOV.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-03-mZDq7lkM.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-04-BonyJnLB.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-04-CRC7ZnPs.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-04-R0urHFPi.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-05-C5xA_tPR.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-05-CSUzaNYS.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-05-CT_60I7a.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-05-DAqBqOv1.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-05-eNuIBRgT.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-06-DOq3NnQS.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-07-BQQqDq1V.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-07-Bz7RpCPe.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-07-DsPjGL5E.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-07-njalJYjv.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-08-CBEhy7Ii.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-08-CKzWXQTu.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-08-Cil-VviG.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-08-Ut6NpCj9.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/lesson-09-DO01blQM.js +6 -0
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- package/dist/shared-Cpn5kpPR.js +35 -0
- package/dist/shared-Cpn5kpPR.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js +39 -8
- package/dist/syllabi/alphabet/index.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.js +38 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/dialogue/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.js +36 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/essentials/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.js +38 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/grammar/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.js +33 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/numbers/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.d.ts +7 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.js +38 -0
- package/dist/syllabi/reading/index.js.map +1 -0
- package/package.json +28 -7
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +188 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +184 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +192 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +196 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +192 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +196 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +218 -0
- package/src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +223 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +164 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +179 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +187 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +215 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +222 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +219 -0
- package/src/syllabi/essentials/meta.mdx +87 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +143 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +154 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +150 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +161 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +170 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +156 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +177 -0
- package/src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +191 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +191 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +237 -0
- package/src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +305 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-01.mdx +180 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-02.mdx +181 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-03.mdx +176 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-04.mdx +181 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-05.mdx +187 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-06.mdx +203 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-07.mdx +210 -0
- package/src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-08.mdx +208 -0
- package/dist/index-D9QQnpu5.js +0 -78
- package/dist/index-D9QQnpu5.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-01-Dx39ahX1.js +0 -191
- package/dist/lesson-01-Dx39ahX1.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-02-BTmLITxi.js +0 -193
- package/dist/lesson-02-BTmLITxi.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-03-DORvGZm9.js +0 -186
- package/dist/lesson-03-DORvGZm9.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-04-BG5oG78h.js +0 -191
- package/dist/lesson-04-BG5oG78h.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-05-5ITBa2Ia.js +0 -214
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- package/dist/lesson-06-DcGxfTbB.js +0 -177
- package/dist/lesson-06-DcGxfTbB.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-07-CoWJuUIC.js +0 -189
- package/dist/lesson-07-CoWJuUIC.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js +0 -191
- package/dist/lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js +0 -190
- package/dist/lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/lesson-10-BxDf0Pp3.js +0 -267
- package/dist/lesson-10-BxDf0Pp3.js.map +0 -1
package/dist/index.js
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import { config as e, loader as t, t as n } from "./syllabi/alphabet/index.js";
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import { config as r, loader as i, t as a } from "./syllabi/numbers/index.js";
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import { config as o, loader as s, t as c } from "./syllabi/essentials/index.js";
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import { config as l, loader as u, t as d } from "./syllabi/grammar/index.js";
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import { config as f, loader as p, t as m } from "./syllabi/dialogue/index.js";
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import { config as h, loader as g, t as _ } from "./syllabi/reading/index.js";
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//#region src/index.ts
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export { v as allConfigs, n as alphabet, e as alphabetConfig, t as alphabetLoader, m as dialogue, f as dialogueConfig, p as dialogueLoader, c as essentials, o as essentialsConfig, s as essentialsLoader, y as getConfigById, d as grammar, l as grammarConfig, u as grammarLoader, a as numbers, r as numbersConfig, i as numbersLoader, _ as reading, h as readingConfig, g as readingLoader };
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{"version":3,"file":"index.js","sources":["../src/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * @
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{"version":3,"file":"index.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * @polyglot-bundles/ka-syllabi\n *\n * Georgian syllabi content package.\n * Syllabi: alphabet (Mkhedruli), numbers, essentials, grammar, dialogue, reading.\n */\n\n// Re-export all syllabi namespaces\nexport * as alphabet from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\nexport * as numbers from './syllabi/numbers/index.js';\nexport * as essentials from './syllabi/essentials/index.js';\nexport * as grammar from './syllabi/grammar/index.js';\nexport * as dialogue from './syllabi/dialogue/index.js';\nexport * as reading from './syllabi/reading/index.js';\n\n// Re-export configs for convenience\nexport { config as alphabetConfig } from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\nexport { config as numbersConfig } from './syllabi/numbers/index.js';\nexport { config as essentialsConfig } from './syllabi/essentials/index.js';\nexport { config as grammarConfig } from './syllabi/grammar/index.js';\nexport { config as dialogueConfig } from './syllabi/dialogue/index.js';\nexport { config as readingConfig } from './syllabi/reading/index.js';\n\n// Re-export loaders for convenience\nexport { loader as alphabetLoader } from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\nexport { loader as numbersLoader } from './syllabi/numbers/index.js';\nexport { loader as essentialsLoader } from './syllabi/essentials/index.js';\nexport { loader as grammarLoader } from './syllabi/grammar/index.js';\nexport { loader as dialogueLoader } from './syllabi/dialogue/index.js';\nexport { loader as readingLoader } from './syllabi/reading/index.js';\n\n// Re-export types from shared\nexport type { SyllabusConfig, ContentLoader, LoadedLesson } from './shared.js';\n\n// Aggregate configs for iteration\nimport { config as alphabetConfig } from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\nimport { config as numbersConfig } from './syllabi/numbers/index.js';\nimport { config as essentialsConfig } from './syllabi/essentials/index.js';\nimport { config as grammarConfig } from './syllabi/grammar/index.js';\nimport { config as dialogueConfig } from './syllabi/dialogue/index.js';\nimport { config as readingConfig } from './syllabi/reading/index.js';\n\nimport type { SyllabusConfig } from './shared.js';\n\n/**\n * All Georgian syllabi configurations\n */\nexport const allConfigs: SyllabusConfig[] = [\n alphabetConfig,\n numbersConfig,\n essentialsConfig,\n grammarConfig,\n dialogueConfig,\n readingConfig,\n];\n\n/**\n * Get a syllabus config by ID\n */\nexport function getConfigById(id: string): SyllabusConfig | undefined {\n return allConfigs.find(c => c.id === id);\n}\n"],"mappings":";;;;;;;AA+CA,IAAa,IAA+B;CAC1C;CACA;CACA;CACA;CACA;CACA;CACD;AAKD,SAAgB,EAAc,GAAwC;AACpE,QAAO,EAAW,MAAK,MAAK,EAAE,OAAO,EAAG"}
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//#region src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw
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var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-numbers-lesson-01\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 1 — ციფრები 0-9\"\ndescription: \"Georgian numerals 0-9: Learning the basic number words\"\norder: 1\nparentId: georgian-numbers\ndifficulty: beginner\ncefrLevel: A1\ncategories:\n - numbers\n - vocabulary\n - basics\nmetadata:\n estimatedTime: 20\n prerequisites: []\n learningObjectives:\n - id: obj-recognize-numbers-0-9\n description: \"Recognize Georgian number words 0-9\"\n skill: word-recognition\n references: []\n - id: obj-pronounce-numbers-0-9\n description: \"Pronounce Georgian numbers 0-9 correctly\"\n skill: word-pronunciation\n references: []\n - id: obj-produce-numbers-0-9\n description: \"Write and produce Georgian number words 0-9\"\n skill: word-production\n references: []\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Georgian Numbers 0-9\n\n## Introduction\n\nNumbers are essential for daily communication, whether you're shopping, telling time, or giving your phone number. Georgian has its own number words that follow predictable patterns. Modern Georgia uses Arabic numerals (0-9) in writing, but you pronounce them using Georgian number words.\n\nIn this lesson, you'll learn the basic digits 0-9 in Georgian.\n\n## The Ten Basic Numbers\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"georgian-numbers-0-9\" title=\"Numbers 0-9\"}\n\n::vocab{id=\"num-zero\" word=\"ნული\" transliteration=\"nuli\" translation=\"zero\" category=\"number\"}\n\n::vocab{id=\"num-one\" word=\"ერთი\" transliteration=\"erti\" translation=\"one\" category=\"number\"}\n\n::vocab{id=\"num-two\" word=\"ორი\" transliteration=\"ori\" translation=\"two\" category=\"number\"}\n\n::vocab{id=\"num-three\" word=\"სამი\" transliteration=\"sami\" translation=\"three\" category=\"number\"}\n\n::vocab{id=\"num-four\" word=\"ოთხი\" transliteration=\"otkhi\" translation=\"four\" category=\"number\"}\n\n::vocab{id=\"num-five\" word=\"ხუთი\" transliteration=\"khuti\" translation=\"five\" category=\"number\"}\n\n::vocab{id=\"num-six\" word=\"ექვსი\" transliteration=\"ekvsi\" translation=\"six\" category=\"number\"}\n\n::vocab{id=\"num-seven\" word=\"შვიდი\" transliteration=\"shvidi\" translation=\"seven\" category=\"number\"}\n\n::vocab{id=\"num-eight\" word=\"რვა\" transliteration=\"rva\" translation=\"eight\" category=\"number\"}\n\n::vocab{id=\"num-nine\" word=\"ცხრა\" transliteration=\"tskhra\" translation=\"nine\" category=\"number\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Pronunciation Guide\n\nGeorgian number words each have their own unique sound. Here are tips for pronunciation:\n\n| Number | Georgian | Transliteration | Pronunciation Notes |\n|--------|----------|-----------------|---------------------|\n| 0 | ნული | nuli | \"NOO-lee\" — stress on first syllable |\n| 1 | ერთი | erti | \"ER-tee\" — roll the R slightly |\n| 2 | ორი | ori | \"OH-ree\" — simple two syllables |\n| 3 | სამი | sami | \"SAH-mee\" — like \"salami\" without the L |\n| 4 | ოთხი | otkhi | \"OT-khee\" — the KH is a soft guttural |\n| 5 | ხუთი | khuti | \"KHOO-tee\" — KH is aspirated like German \"ch\" |\n| 6 | ექვსი | ekvsi | \"EKV-see\" — quick consonant cluster |\n| 7 | შვიდი | shvidi | \"SHVEE-dee\" — SHV blend together |\n| 8 | რვა | rva | \"R-va\" — two sounds only, rolled R |\n| 9 | ცხრა | tskhra | \"TSKH-ra\" — complex cluster, TS+KH+R |\n\n## Pattern Recognition\n\nNotice these patterns in Georgian numbers:\n\n1. **Most numbers end in -ი**: ერთი, ორი, სამი, ოთხი, ხუთი, ექვსი, შვიდი\n2. **Exceptions**: რვა (8) and ცხრა (9) end in -ა\n3. **Consonant clusters**: Georgian loves complex clusters (ექვსი, შვიდი, ცხრა)\n4. **No tone system**: Unlike Thai, Georgian has no tones — stress is consistent\n\n## Cultural Context\n\nIn everyday Georgian life:\n\n- **Shopping**: Prices are shown as Arabic numerals but spoken as Georgian words\n- **Phone numbers**: Read digit by digit using Georgian number words\n- **Dates**: Mix of Georgian and international systems\n- **Addresses**: Building numbers spoken in Georgian\n- **Age**: Always expressed with Georgian number words\n\n## Memory Tips\n\n- **ერთი (one)**: Think \"Earth has ONE moon\"\n- **ორი (two)**: Sounds like \"OR-ee\" — choose one OR the other (two options)\n- **სამი (three)**: \"SAH-mee\" — three syllables in \"salami\"\n- **ოთხი (four)**: Has FOUR letters\n- **რვა (eight)**: Shortest word, easy to remember\n- **ცხრა (nine)**: Most complex, saved for last\n\n## Writing Numbers\n\nGeorgians write numbers using Arabic numerals (0, 1, 2, 3...), just like English. However, when you see these digits, you read them using the Georgian words:\n\n- 5 → read as \"ხუთი\" (khuti)\n- 27 → read as \"ოცდაშვიდი\" (otsdashvidi) — you'll learn this in Lesson 2\n- 100 → read as \"ასი\" (asi) — you'll learn this in Lesson 3\n\n## Key Points\n\n1. **Georgian uses Arabic numerals**: When writing, use 0-9\n2. **Speak Georgian words**: When reading, pronounce in Georgian\n3. **No gender or case changes**: Numbers stay the same form\n4. **Stress is predictable**: Usually on the first syllable\n5. **Build foundation**: These 10 words are essential for all larger numbers\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-num-01-recognition\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Match Numbers to Words\" skill=\"word-recognition\" tests=\"\" objectiveId=\"obj-recognize-numbers-0-9\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Arabic numeral to its Georgian word\n\n- 0\n- 3\n- 5\n- 7\n- 9\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- 0 = ნული (nuli)\n- 3 = სამი (sami)\n- 5 = ხუთი (khuti)\n- 7 = შვიდი (shvidi)\n- 9 = ცხრა (tskhra)\n\n**Explanation:** Georgian number words are written with Mkhedruli script, but when you see Arabic numerals in Georgian text or signs, you pronounce them using these Georgian words.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-num-01-pronunciation\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Number Pronunciation\" skill=\"word-pronunciation\" tests=\"\" objectiveId=\"obj-pronounce-numbers-0-9\"}\n\n**Question:** How do you pronounce these numbers in Georgian?\n\n- 1 = ___\n- 2 = ___\n- 4 = ___\n- 6 = ___\n- 8 = ___\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- 1 = ერთი (erti) — \"ER-tee\"\n- 2 = ორი (ori) — \"OH-ree\"\n- 4 = ოთხი (otkhi) — \"OT-khee\"\n- 6 = ექვსი (ekvsi) — \"EKV-see\"\n- 8 = რვა (rva) — \"R-va\"\n\n**Explanation:** Practice saying each number out loud. Notice that most end in -ი, except რვა (8) and ცხრა (9), which end in -ა.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-num-01-production\" type=\"multiple-choice\" title=\"Write the Number\" skill=\"word-production\" tests=\"\" objectiveId=\"obj-produce-numbers-0-9\"}\n\n**Question:** Which Georgian word represents the number 7?\n\n**Options:**\n- შვიდი\n- ექვსი\n- რვა\n- ხუთი\n\n**Answer:** 1\n\n**Explanation:** The correct answer is შვიდი (shvidi), which means \"seven.\" The consonant cluster შვ- is characteristic of Georgian and appears in this number word.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 2, you'll learn how to count from 10 to 100 in Georgian, including the special system for teens (11-19) and the unique vigesimal (base-20) counting pattern that Georgian uses for larger numbers.\n";
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-01-BBJKg1DY.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/numbers/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-numbers-lesson-01\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 1 — ციფრები 0-9\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Georgian numerals 0-9: Learning the basic number words\\\"\\norder: 1\\nparentId: georgian-numbers\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n - numbers\\n - vocabulary\\n - basics\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 20\\n prerequisites: []\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-recognize-numbers-0-9\\n description: \\\"Recognize Georgian number words 0-9\\\"\\n skill: word-recognition\\n references: []\\n - id: obj-pronounce-numbers-0-9\\n description: \\\"Pronounce Georgian numbers 0-9 correctly\\\"\\n skill: word-pronunciation\\n references: []\\n - id: obj-produce-numbers-0-9\\n description: \\\"Write and produce Georgian number words 0-9\\\"\\n skill: word-production\\n references: []\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Georgian Numbers 0-9\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nNumbers are essential for daily communication, whether you're shopping, telling time, or giving your phone number. Georgian has its own number words that follow predictable patterns. Modern Georgia uses Arabic numerals (0-9) in writing, but you pronounce them using Georgian number words.\\n\\nIn this lesson, you'll learn the basic digits 0-9 in Georgian.\\n\\n## The Ten Basic Numbers\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"georgian-numbers-0-9\\\" title=\\\"Numbers 0-9\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-zero\\\" word=\\\"ნული\\\" transliteration=\\\"nuli\\\" translation=\\\"zero\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-one\\\" word=\\\"ერთი\\\" transliteration=\\\"erti\\\" translation=\\\"one\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-two\\\" word=\\\"ორი\\\" transliteration=\\\"ori\\\" translation=\\\"two\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-three\\\" word=\\\"სამი\\\" transliteration=\\\"sami\\\" translation=\\\"three\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-four\\\" word=\\\"ოთხი\\\" transliteration=\\\"otkhi\\\" translation=\\\"four\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-five\\\" word=\\\"ხუთი\\\" transliteration=\\\"khuti\\\" translation=\\\"five\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-six\\\" word=\\\"ექვსი\\\" transliteration=\\\"ekvsi\\\" translation=\\\"six\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-seven\\\" word=\\\"შვიდი\\\" transliteration=\\\"shvidi\\\" translation=\\\"seven\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-eight\\\" word=\\\"რვა\\\" transliteration=\\\"rva\\\" translation=\\\"eight\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab{id=\\\"num-nine\\\" word=\\\"ცხრა\\\" transliteration=\\\"tskhra\\\" translation=\\\"nine\\\" category=\\\"number\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Pronunciation Guide\\n\\nGeorgian number words each have their own unique sound. Here are tips for pronunciation:\\n\\n| Number | Georgian | Transliteration | Pronunciation Notes |\\n|--------|----------|-----------------|---------------------|\\n| 0 | ნული | nuli | \\\"NOO-lee\\\" — stress on first syllable |\\n| 1 | ერთი | erti | \\\"ER-tee\\\" — roll the R slightly |\\n| 2 | ორი | ori | \\\"OH-ree\\\" — simple two syllables |\\n| 3 | სამი | sami | \\\"SAH-mee\\\" — like \\\"salami\\\" without the L |\\n| 4 | ოთხი | otkhi | \\\"OT-khee\\\" — the KH is a soft guttural |\\n| 5 | ხუთი | khuti | \\\"KHOO-tee\\\" — KH is aspirated like German \\\"ch\\\" |\\n| 6 | ექვსი | ekvsi | \\\"EKV-see\\\" — quick consonant cluster |\\n| 7 | შვიდი | shvidi | \\\"SHVEE-dee\\\" — SHV blend together |\\n| 8 | რვა | rva | \\\"R-va\\\" — two sounds only, rolled R |\\n| 9 | ცხრა | tskhra | \\\"TSKH-ra\\\" — complex cluster, TS+KH+R |\\n\\n## Pattern Recognition\\n\\nNotice these patterns in Georgian numbers:\\n\\n1. **Most numbers end in -ი**: ერთი, ორი, სამი, ოთხი, ხუთი, ექვსი, შვიდი\\n2. **Exceptions**: რვა (8) and ცხრა (9) end in -ა\\n3. **Consonant clusters**: Georgian loves complex clusters (ექვსი, შვიდი, ცხრა)\\n4. **No tone system**: Unlike Thai, Georgian has no tones — stress is consistent\\n\\n## Cultural Context\\n\\nIn everyday Georgian life:\\n\\n- **Shopping**: Prices are shown as Arabic numerals but spoken as Georgian words\\n- **Phone numbers**: Read digit by digit using Georgian number words\\n- **Dates**: Mix of Georgian and international systems\\n- **Addresses**: Building numbers spoken in Georgian\\n- **Age**: Always expressed with Georgian number words\\n\\n## Memory Tips\\n\\n- **ერთი (one)**: Think \\\"Earth has ONE moon\\\"\\n- **ორი (two)**: Sounds like \\\"OR-ee\\\" — choose one OR the other (two options)\\n- **სამი (three)**: \\\"SAH-mee\\\" — three syllables in \\\"salami\\\"\\n- **ოთხი (four)**: Has FOUR letters\\n- **რვა (eight)**: Shortest word, easy to remember\\n- **ცხრა (nine)**: Most complex, saved for last\\n\\n## Writing Numbers\\n\\nGeorgians write numbers using Arabic numerals (0, 1, 2, 3...), just like English. However, when you see these digits, you read them using the Georgian words:\\n\\n- 5 → read as \\\"ხუთი\\\" (khuti)\\n- 27 → read as \\\"ოცდაშვიდი\\\" (otsdashvidi) — you'll learn this in Lesson 2\\n- 100 → read as \\\"ასი\\\" (asi) — you'll learn this in Lesson 3\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **Georgian uses Arabic numerals**: When writing, use 0-9\\n2. **Speak Georgian words**: When reading, pronounce in Georgian\\n3. **No gender or case changes**: Numbers stay the same form\\n4. **Stress is predictable**: Usually on the first syllable\\n5. **Build foundation**: These 10 words are essential for all larger numbers\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-num-01-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match Numbers to Words\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-numbers-0-9\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Arabic numeral to its Georgian word\\n\\n- 0\\n- 3\\n- 5\\n- 7\\n- 9\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- 0 = ნული (nuli)\\n- 3 = სამი (sami)\\n- 5 = ხუთი (khuti)\\n- 7 = შვიდი (shvidi)\\n- 9 = ცხრა (tskhra)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian number words are written with Mkhedruli script, but when you see Arabic numerals in Georgian text or signs, you pronounce them using these Georgian words.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-num-01-pronunciation\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Number Pronunciation\\\" skill=\\\"word-pronunciation\\\" tests=\\\"\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-pronounce-numbers-0-9\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** How do you pronounce these numbers in Georgian?\\n\\n- 1 = ___\\n- 2 = ___\\n- 4 = ___\\n- 6 = ___\\n- 8 = ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- 1 = ერთი (erti) — \\\"ER-tee\\\"\\n- 2 = ორი (ori) — \\\"OH-ree\\\"\\n- 4 = ოთხი (otkhi) — \\\"OT-khee\\\"\\n- 6 = ექვსი (ekvsi) — \\\"EKV-see\\\"\\n- 8 = რვა (rva) — \\\"R-va\\\"\\n\\n**Explanation:** Practice saying each number out loud. Notice that most end in -ი, except რვა (8) and ცხრა (9), which end in -ა.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-num-01-production\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Write the Number\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" tests=\\\"\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-produce-numbers-0-9\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Which Georgian word represents the number 7?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- შვიდი\\n- ექვსი\\n- რვა\\n- ხუთი\\n\\n**Answer:** 1\\n\\n**Explanation:** The correct answer is შვიდი (shvidi), which means \\\"seven.\\\" The consonant cluster შვ- is characteristic of Georgian and appears in this number word.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 2, you'll learn how to count from 10 to 100 in Georgian, including the special system for teens (11-19) and the unique vigesimal (base-20) counting pattern that Georgian uses for larger numbers.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}
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//#region src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw
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var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-essentials-lesson-01\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 1 — მოკითხვა და გამოთხოვება\"\ndescription: \"Greetings and Farewells: გამარჯობა and meeting people\"\norder: 1\nparentId: georgian-essentials\ndifficulty: beginner\ncefrLevel: A1\ncategories:\n - greetings\n - farewells\n - basics\nmetadata:\n estimatedTime: 30\n prerequisites: []\n learningObjectives:\n - id: obj-greetings-hello-goodbye\n description: \"Say hello and goodbye in Georgian\"\n skill: word-production\n - id: obj-greetings-time-of-day\n description: \"Use time-appropriate greetings\"\n skill: situational-response\n - id: obj-greetings-formal-informal\n description: \"Distinguish formal and informal registers\"\n skill: polite-register\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Greetings and Farewells\n\n## Introduction\n\nThe first word you will use in Georgian is გამარჯობა (gamarjoba) — hello. Georgian greetings reflect the culture's warmth and hospitality. Unlike some languages, Georgian greetings vary by time of day and by the number of people you are addressing, which makes them rich and expressive.\n\n## The Universal Greeting\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"ka-greetings-core\" title=\"Core Greetings\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"gamarjoba\" word=\"გამარჯობა\" pronunciation=\"ga-mar-jo-ba\" meaning=\"Hello (to one person)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"gamarjobat\" word=\"გამარჯობათ\" pronunciation=\"ga-mar-jo-bat\" meaning=\"Hello (to multiple people, or formal)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"nakhvamdis\" word=\"ნახვამდის\" pronunciation=\"nakh-vam-dis\" meaning=\"Goodbye\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"monaximet\" word=\"მოგვნახეთ\" pronunciation=\"mo-gv-na-khet\" meaning=\"Come and visit us (warm farewell)\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Time-Specific Greetings\n\nGeorgian has distinct greetings for different parts of the day:\n\n| Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |\n|----------|---------------|---------|\n| დილა მშვიდობისა | di-la mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good morning |\n| შუადღე მშვიდობისა | shua-dghe mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good afternoon |\n| საღამო მშვიდობისა | sa-gha-mo mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good evening |\n| ღამე მშვიდობისა | gha-me mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good night |\n\nThe word **მშვიდობისა** (mshvidobisa) means \"of peace\" — so every time-specific Georgian greeting literally wishes the other person peace.\n\n## Formal vs Informal\n\nGeorgian distinguishes between talking to one person and talking to a group or showing respect:\n\n| Situation | Georgian | Notes |\n|-----------|----------|-------|\n| Greeting a friend | გამარჯობა | Singular, informal |\n| Greeting a stranger or elder | გამარჯობათ | Plural/formal, shows respect |\n| Greeting multiple people | გამარჯობათ | Always use plural form |\n\n## Parting Words\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"ka-farewells\" title=\"Farewells\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"nakhvamdis-2\" word=\"ნახვამდის\" pronunciation=\"nakh-vam-dis\" meaning=\"Goodbye (until we meet again)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"kargad-iyavi\" word=\"კარგად იყავი\" pronunciation=\"kar-gad i-ya-vi\" meaning=\"Take care (to one person)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"kargad-iyavit\" word=\"კარგად იყავით\" pronunciation=\"kar-gad i-ya-vit\" meaning=\"Take care (to multiple, or formal)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"tsudi-ar-iyos\" word=\"ცუდი არ იყოს\" pronunciation=\"tsu-di ar i-yos\" meaning=\"May nothing bad happen (warm farewell)\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Sample Conversation\n\n**A**: გამარჯობა! (Hello!)\n**B**: გამარჯობა! როგორ ხარ? (Hello! How are you?)\n**A**: კარგად, გმადლობთ. შენ? (Fine, thank you. And you?)\n**B**: მეც კარგად. (I'm also fine.)\n**A**: ნახვამდის! (Goodbye!)\n**B**: კარგად იყავი! (Take care!)\n\n## Cultural Note: გამარჯობა\n\nThe word გამარჯობა literally derives from **გამარჯვება** (gamarjveba), meaning \"victory.\" The traditional greeting is thus a wish: \"May you be victorious!\" This reflects Georgia's long history of defending its culture and independence.\n\n## Key Points\n\n1. **გამარჯობა works for hello**: Use it any time of day\n2. **Add -თ for formality or groups**: გამარჯობა → გამარჯობათ\n3. **ნახვამდის for goodbye**: Literally \"until we see each other again\"\n4. **Time greetings all end in მშვიდობისა**: The word for \"peace\"\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-ess-01-greetings-match\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Match Greetings to Situations\" skill=\"situational-response\" objectiveId=\"obj-greetings-time-of-day\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each greeting to the correct time of day\n\n- დილა მშვიდობისა\n- შუადღე მშვიდობისა\n- საღამო მშვიდობისა\n- ღამე მშვიდობისა\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- დილა მშვიდობისა = Good morning (დილა means morning)\n- შუადღე მშვიდობისა = Good afternoon (შუადღე means midday)\n- საღამო მშვიდობისა = Good evening (საღამო means evening)\n- ღამე მშვიდობისა = Good night (ღამე means night)\n\n**Explanation:** Every Georgian time greeting uses მშვიდობისა, which means \"of peace.\" The first word changes to indicate the time of day.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-ess-01-formal-informal\" type=\"multiple-choice\" title=\"Formal or Informal?\" skill=\"polite-register\" objectiveId=\"obj-greetings-formal-informal\"}\n\n**Question:** You are greeting an elderly Georgian woman you have just met. Which greeting do you use?\n\n**Options:**\n- გამარჯობა\n- გამარჯობათ\n- ნახვამდის\n- კარგად იყავი\n\n**Answer:** 2\n\n**Explanation:** Use გამარჯობათ (with -თ) to show respect to elders, strangers, or when addressing more than one person. The -თ suffix marks formality and plurality in Georgian.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-ess-01-hello-goodbye\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Hello and Goodbye\" skill=\"word-production\" objectiveId=\"obj-greetings-hello-goodbye\"}\n\n**Question:** Complete each exchange with the correct Georgian word\n\n1. Meeting a friend: ___ (hello)\n2. Leaving a friend: ___ (goodbye)\n3. Wishing someone well: კარგად ___ (take care, singular)\n\n**Answer:**\n\n1. გამარჯობა\n2. ნახვამდის\n3. კარგად **იყავი**\n\n**Explanation:** გამარჯობა is the standard hello, ნახვამდის is goodbye, and კარგად იყავი means \"be well\" or \"take care\" — a warm way to part from someone.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 2, you will learn the essential polite expressions — please, thank you, and sorry — that are the foundation of courteous Georgian interaction.\n";
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-01-BSKhKTDW.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-essentials-lesson-01\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 1 — მოკითხვა და გამოთხოვება\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Greetings and Farewells: გამარჯობა and meeting people\\\"\\norder: 1\\nparentId: georgian-essentials\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n - greetings\\n - farewells\\n - basics\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 30\\n prerequisites: []\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-greetings-hello-goodbye\\n description: \\\"Say hello and goodbye in Georgian\\\"\\n skill: word-production\\n - id: obj-greetings-time-of-day\\n description: \\\"Use time-appropriate greetings\\\"\\n skill: situational-response\\n - id: obj-greetings-formal-informal\\n description: \\\"Distinguish formal and informal registers\\\"\\n skill: polite-register\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Greetings and Farewells\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nThe first word you will use in Georgian is გამარჯობა (gamarjoba) — hello. Georgian greetings reflect the culture's warmth and hospitality. Unlike some languages, Georgian greetings vary by time of day and by the number of people you are addressing, which makes them rich and expressive.\\n\\n## The Universal Greeting\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-greetings-core\\\" title=\\\"Core Greetings\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gamarjoba\\\" word=\\\"გამარჯობა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-mar-jo-ba\\\" meaning=\\\"Hello (to one person)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gamarjobat\\\" word=\\\"გამარჯობათ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-mar-jo-bat\\\" meaning=\\\"Hello (to multiple people, or formal)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"nakhvamdis\\\" word=\\\"ნახვამდის\\\" pronunciation=\\\"nakh-vam-dis\\\" meaning=\\\"Goodbye\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"monaximet\\\" word=\\\"მოგვნახეთ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mo-gv-na-khet\\\" meaning=\\\"Come and visit us (warm farewell)\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Time-Specific Greetings\\n\\nGeorgian has distinct greetings for different parts of the day:\\n\\n| Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|----------|---------------|---------|\\n| დილა მშვიდობისა | di-la mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good morning |\\n| შუადღე მშვიდობისა | shua-dghe mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good afternoon |\\n| საღამო მშვიდობისა | sa-gha-mo mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good evening |\\n| ღამე მშვიდობისა | gha-me mshvi-do-bi-sa | Good night |\\n\\nThe word **მშვიდობისა** (mshvidobisa) means \\\"of peace\\\" — so every time-specific Georgian greeting literally wishes the other person peace.\\n\\n## Formal vs Informal\\n\\nGeorgian distinguishes between talking to one person and talking to a group or showing respect:\\n\\n| Situation | Georgian | Notes |\\n|-----------|----------|-------|\\n| Greeting a friend | გამარჯობა | Singular, informal |\\n| Greeting a stranger or elder | გამარჯობათ | Plural/formal, shows respect |\\n| Greeting multiple people | გამარჯობათ | Always use plural form |\\n\\n## Parting Words\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-farewells\\\" title=\\\"Farewells\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"nakhvamdis-2\\\" word=\\\"ნახვამდის\\\" pronunciation=\\\"nakh-vam-dis\\\" meaning=\\\"Goodbye (until we meet again)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"kargad-iyavi\\\" word=\\\"კარგად იყავი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"kar-gad i-ya-vi\\\" meaning=\\\"Take care (to one person)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"kargad-iyavit\\\" word=\\\"კარგად იყავით\\\" pronunciation=\\\"kar-gad i-ya-vit\\\" meaning=\\\"Take care (to multiple, or formal)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"tsudi-ar-iyos\\\" word=\\\"ცუდი არ იყოს\\\" pronunciation=\\\"tsu-di ar i-yos\\\" meaning=\\\"May nothing bad happen (warm farewell)\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Sample Conversation\\n\\n**A**: გამარჯობა! (Hello!)\\n**B**: გამარჯობა! როგორ ხარ? (Hello! How are you?)\\n**A**: კარგად, გმადლობთ. შენ? (Fine, thank you. And you?)\\n**B**: მეც კარგად. (I'm also fine.)\\n**A**: ნახვამდის! (Goodbye!)\\n**B**: კარგად იყავი! (Take care!)\\n\\n## Cultural Note: გამარჯობა\\n\\nThe word გამარჯობა literally derives from **გამარჯვება** (gamarjveba), meaning \\\"victory.\\\" The traditional greeting is thus a wish: \\\"May you be victorious!\\\" This reflects Georgia's long history of defending its culture and independence.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **გამარჯობა works for hello**: Use it any time of day\\n2. **Add -თ for formality or groups**: გამარჯობა → გამარჯობათ\\n3. **ნახვამდის for goodbye**: Literally \\\"until we see each other again\\\"\\n4. **Time greetings all end in მშვიდობისა**: The word for \\\"peace\\\"\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-01-greetings-match\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match Greetings to Situations\\\" skill=\\\"situational-response\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-greetings-time-of-day\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each greeting to the correct time of day\\n\\n- დილა მშვიდობისა\\n- შუადღე მშვიდობისა\\n- საღამო მშვიდობისა\\n- ღამე მშვიდობისა\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- დილა მშვიდობისა = Good morning (დილა means morning)\\n- შუადღე მშვიდობისა = Good afternoon (შუადღე means midday)\\n- საღამო მშვიდობისა = Good evening (საღამო means evening)\\n- ღამე მშვიდობისა = Good night (ღამე means night)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Every Georgian time greeting uses მშვიდობისა, which means \\\"of peace.\\\" The first word changes to indicate the time of day.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-01-formal-informal\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Formal or Informal?\\\" skill=\\\"polite-register\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-greetings-formal-informal\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** You are greeting an elderly Georgian woman you have just met. Which greeting do you use?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- გამარჯობა\\n- გამარჯობათ\\n- ნახვამდის\\n- კარგად იყავი\\n\\n**Answer:** 2\\n\\n**Explanation:** Use გამარჯობათ (with -თ) to show respect to elders, strangers, or when addressing more than one person. The -თ suffix marks formality and plurality in Georgian.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-01-hello-goodbye\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Hello and Goodbye\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-greetings-hello-goodbye\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Complete each exchange with the correct Georgian word\\n\\n1. Meeting a friend: ___ (hello)\\n2. Leaving a friend: ___ (goodbye)\\n3. Wishing someone well: კარგად ___ (take care, singular)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. გამარჯობა\\n2. ნახვამდის\\n3. კარგად **იყავი**\\n\\n**Explanation:** გამარჯობა is the standard hello, ნახვამდის is goodbye, and კარგად იყავი means \\\"be well\\\" or \\\"take care\\\" — a warm way to part from someone.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 2, you will learn the essential polite expressions — please, thank you, and sorry — that are the foundation of courteous Georgian interaction.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}
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var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-grammar-lesson-01\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 1 — სიტყვების რიგი (SOV Word Order)\"\ndescription: \"Georgian uses Subject-Object-Verb word order — the sentence backbone\"\norder: 1\nparentId: georgian-grammar\ndifficulty: intermediate\ncefrLevel: A2\ncategories:\n - grammar\n - word-order\nmetadata:\n estimatedTime: 30\n prerequisites: []\n learningObjectives:\n - id: obj-01-sov-recognize\n description: \"Recognize Georgian SOV sentence order\"\n skill: pattern-recognition\n - id: obj-01-sov-arrange\n description: \"Arrange words in correct SOV order\"\n skill: word-order\n - id: obj-01-sov-apply\n description: \"Produce simple SOV sentences in Georgian\"\n skill: pattern-application\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — SOV Word Order\n\n## Introduction\n\nOne of the first things to understand about Georgian grammar is where the verb goes. In English, the verb sits in the middle of a sentence: **I read a book** (Subject-Verb-Object). In Georgian, the verb moves to the **end**: **მე წიგნს ვკითხულობ** (me tsigns vkitxulob) — literally, **I book read**.\n\nThis pattern is called **SOV** (Subject-Object-Verb), and it is consistent throughout Georgian. Once you internalize this, sentences become much easier to build.\n\n## The Core Pattern\n\n| English (SVO) | Georgian (SOV) | Transliteration |\n|---------------|----------------|-----------------|\n| I drink water | მე წყალს ვსვამ | me tsqals vsvam |\n| She reads a book | ის წიგნს კითხულობს | is tsigns kitxulobs |\n| We eat bread | ჩვენ პურს ვჭამთ | chven purs vchamt |\n| He writes a letter | ის წერილს წერს | is tserils tsers |\n| They speak Georgian | ისინი ქართულს საუბრობენ | isini kartuls saubroben |\n\nNotice: the verb is always **last**.\n\n## Breaking Down a Sentence\n\nTake the sentence **მე წყალს ვსვამ** (I drink water):\n\n| Part | Georgian | Role |\n|------|----------|------|\n| მე | me | Subject — I |\n| წყალს | tsqals | Object — water (with case ending -ს) |\n| ვსვამ | vsvam | Verb — drink (with prefix ვ- marking first person) |\n\nThe **-ს** ending on the object is the dative case marker — you will study cases fully in Lesson 3. For now, note that objects often take a suffix that distinguishes them from subjects.\n\n## Common Verbs for Practice\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"ka-gram-01-verbs\" title=\"Common Georgian Verbs\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"vkitxulob\" word=\"ვკითხულობ\" pronunciation=\"v-ki-txu-lob\" meaning=\"I read\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"vsvam\" word=\"ვსვამ\" pronunciation=\"v-svam\" meaning=\"I drink\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"vchamt\" word=\"ვჭამ\" pronunciation=\"v-cham\" meaning=\"I eat\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"vtsert\" word=\"ვწერ\" pronunciation=\"v-tser\" meaning=\"I write\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"vsaubrob\" word=\"ვსაუბრობ\" pronunciation=\"v-sau-brob\" meaning=\"I speak/talk\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Word Order is Flexible — With a Catch\n\nGeorgian allows some flexibility: the subject and object can be rearranged for emphasis, but the **verb almost always stays at the end**. This is a firm rule for learners to follow.\n\n**Normal order**: მე წყალს ვსვამ (I water drink)\n**Emphatic object**: წყალს მე ვსვამ (Water, I drink — emphasizing *I* specifically drink water)\n\nBoth are grammatically correct, but the verb ვსვამ never moves from the final position.\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-gram-01-pattern-recognition\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Identify the Verb\" skill=\"pattern-recognition\" objectiveId=\"obj-01-sov-recognize\"}\n\n**Question:** In each Georgian sentence, identify which word is the verb (always at the end)\n\n- ის წიგნს კითხულობს\n- ჩვენ პურს ვჭამთ\n- ისინი ქართულს საუბრობენ\n- ის წერილს წერს\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ის წიგნს **კითხულობს** — reads (verb at end)\n- ჩვენ პურს **ვჭამთ** — eat (verb at end)\n- ისინი ქართულს **საუბრობენ** — speak (verb at end)\n- ის წერილს **წერს** — writes (verb at end)\n\n**Explanation:** In Georgian SOV structure, the verb is always the final word in a basic declarative sentence. The -ს suffix on the object and the verb-final position are reliable signals.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-gram-01-word-order\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Arrange the Sentence\" skill=\"word-order\" objectiveId=\"obj-01-sov-arrange\"}\n\n**Question:** Reorder the words to form a correct Georgian sentence (SOV)\n\n1. Words: **ვსვამ / წყალს / მე** → I drink water\n2. Words: **კითხულობს / წიგნს / ის** → She reads a book\n3. Words: **ვწერ / წერილს / მე** → I write a letter\n\n**Answer:**\n\n1. მე წყალს ვსვამ\n2. ის წიგნს კითხულობს\n3. მე წერილს ვწერ\n\n**Explanation:** Place the subject first, then the object, then the verb last. The verb-final rule is consistent in Georgian declarative sentences.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-gram-01-pattern-application\" type=\"multiple-choice\" title=\"Choose the Correct Sentence\" skill=\"pattern-application\" objectiveId=\"obj-01-sov-apply\"}\n\n**Question:** Which sentence follows correct Georgian word order?\n\n**Options:**\n- მე ვსვამ წყალს\n- ვსვამ მე წყალს\n- მე წყალს ვსვამ\n- წყალს ვსვამ ვსვამ\n\n**Answer:** 3\n\n**Explanation:** Georgian requires the verb at the end. Option 3 — მე წყალს ვსვამ — places the subject (მე) first, the object (წყალს) second, and the verb (ვსვამ) last. This is correct SOV order.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 2, you will learn personal pronouns and the verb \"to be\" — the foundation for describing who people are and what things are.\n";
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-01-CTAv0yfD.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-grammar-lesson-01\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 1 — სიტყვების რიგი (SOV Word Order)\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Georgian uses Subject-Object-Verb word order — the sentence backbone\\\"\\norder: 1\\nparentId: georgian-grammar\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n - grammar\\n - word-order\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 30\\n prerequisites: []\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-01-sov-recognize\\n description: \\\"Recognize Georgian SOV sentence order\\\"\\n skill: pattern-recognition\\n - id: obj-01-sov-arrange\\n description: \\\"Arrange words in correct SOV order\\\"\\n skill: word-order\\n - id: obj-01-sov-apply\\n description: \\\"Produce simple SOV sentences in Georgian\\\"\\n skill: pattern-application\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — SOV Word Order\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nOne of the first things to understand about Georgian grammar is where the verb goes. In English, the verb sits in the middle of a sentence: **I read a book** (Subject-Verb-Object). In Georgian, the verb moves to the **end**: **მე წიგნს ვკითხულობ** (me tsigns vkitxulob) — literally, **I book read**.\\n\\nThis pattern is called **SOV** (Subject-Object-Verb), and it is consistent throughout Georgian. Once you internalize this, sentences become much easier to build.\\n\\n## The Core Pattern\\n\\n| English (SVO) | Georgian (SOV) | Transliteration |\\n|---------------|----------------|-----------------|\\n| I drink water | მე წყალს ვსვამ | me tsqals vsvam |\\n| She reads a book | ის წიგნს კითხულობს | is tsigns kitxulobs |\\n| We eat bread | ჩვენ პურს ვჭამთ | chven purs vchamt |\\n| He writes a letter | ის წერილს წერს | is tserils tsers |\\n| They speak Georgian | ისინი ქართულს საუბრობენ | isini kartuls saubroben |\\n\\nNotice: the verb is always **last**.\\n\\n## Breaking Down a Sentence\\n\\nTake the sentence **მე წყალს ვსვამ** (I drink water):\\n\\n| Part | Georgian | Role |\\n|------|----------|------|\\n| მე | me | Subject — I |\\n| წყალს | tsqals | Object — water (with case ending -ს) |\\n| ვსვამ | vsvam | Verb — drink (with prefix ვ- marking first person) |\\n\\nThe **-ს** ending on the object is the dative case marker — you will study cases fully in Lesson 3. For now, note that objects often take a suffix that distinguishes them from subjects.\\n\\n## Common Verbs for Practice\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-gram-01-verbs\\\" title=\\\"Common Georgian Verbs\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vkitxulob\\\" word=\\\"ვკითხულობ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-ki-txu-lob\\\" meaning=\\\"I read\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vsvam\\\" word=\\\"ვსვამ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-svam\\\" meaning=\\\"I drink\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vchamt\\\" word=\\\"ვჭამ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-cham\\\" meaning=\\\"I eat\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vtsert\\\" word=\\\"ვწერ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-tser\\\" meaning=\\\"I write\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vsaubrob\\\" word=\\\"ვსაუბრობ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"v-sau-brob\\\" meaning=\\\"I speak/talk\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Word Order is Flexible — With a Catch\\n\\nGeorgian allows some flexibility: the subject and object can be rearranged for emphasis, but the **verb almost always stays at the end**. This is a firm rule for learners to follow.\\n\\n**Normal order**: მე წყალს ვსვამ (I water drink)\\n**Emphatic object**: წყალს მე ვსვამ (Water, I drink — emphasizing *I* specifically drink water)\\n\\nBoth are grammatically correct, but the verb ვსვამ never moves from the final position.\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-01-pattern-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Identify the Verb\\\" skill=\\\"pattern-recognition\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-01-sov-recognize\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** In each Georgian sentence, identify which word is the verb (always at the end)\\n\\n- ის წიგნს კითხულობს\\n- ჩვენ პურს ვჭამთ\\n- ისინი ქართულს საუბრობენ\\n- ის წერილს წერს\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ის წიგნს **კითხულობს** — reads (verb at end)\\n- ჩვენ პურს **ვჭამთ** — eat (verb at end)\\n- ისინი ქართულს **საუბრობენ** — speak (verb at end)\\n- ის წერილს **წერს** — writes (verb at end)\\n\\n**Explanation:** In Georgian SOV structure, the verb is always the final word in a basic declarative sentence. The -ს suffix on the object and the verb-final position are reliable signals.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-01-word-order\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Arrange the Sentence\\\" skill=\\\"word-order\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-01-sov-arrange\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Reorder the words to form a correct Georgian sentence (SOV)\\n\\n1. Words: **ვსვამ / წყალს / მე** → I drink water\\n2. Words: **კითხულობს / წიგნს / ის** → She reads a book\\n3. Words: **ვწერ / წერილს / მე** → I write a letter\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. მე წყალს ვსვამ\\n2. ის წიგნს კითხულობს\\n3. მე წერილს ვწერ\\n\\n**Explanation:** Place the subject first, then the object, then the verb last. The verb-final rule is consistent in Georgian declarative sentences.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-01-pattern-application\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Choose the Correct Sentence\\\" skill=\\\"pattern-application\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-01-sov-apply\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Which sentence follows correct Georgian word order?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- მე ვსვამ წყალს\\n- ვსვამ მე წყალს\\n- მე წყალს ვსვამ\\n- წყალს ვსვამ ვსვამ\\n\\n**Answer:** 3\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian requires the verb at the end. Option 3 — მე წყალს ვსვამ — places the subject (მე) first, the object (წყალს) second, and the verb (ვსვამ) last. This is correct SOV order.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 2, you will learn personal pronouns and the verb \\\"to be\\\" — the foundation for describing who people are and what things are.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}
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var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-dialogue-lesson-01\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 1 — რესტორანში (At a Restaurant)\"\ndescription: \"Ordering food, asking for the menu, and paying the bill in Georgian\"\norder: 1\nparentId: georgian-dialogue\ndifficulty: intermediate\ncefrLevel: A2\ncategories:\n - dialogue\n - food\n - restaurants\nmetadata:\n estimatedTime: 35\n prerequisites:\n - georgian-essentials-lesson-01\n learningObjectives:\n - id: obj-dia-01-order-food\n description: \"Order food and drinks at a Georgian restaurant\"\n skill: situational-response\n - id: obj-dia-01-ask-menu\n description: \"Ask for the menu and understand common menu terms\"\n skill: dialogue-comprehension\n - id: obj-dia-01-pay-bill\n description: \"Ask for the bill and handle payment exchanges\"\n skill: polite-register\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — At a Restaurant\n\n## Introduction\n\nGeorgian restaurants (რესტორანი, restorani) are central to the culture of hospitality — **სტუმართმოყვარეობა** (stumartmoyavreoba). Knowing how to order, ask questions about the menu, and pay the bill will make your dining experience far more rewarding. This lesson covers the essential phrases for navigating a Georgian restaurant.\n\n## Arriving and Requesting the Menu\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"ka-dia-01-arrival\" title=\"Arriving at a Restaurant\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"restorani\" word=\"რესტორანი\" pronunciation=\"res-to-ra-ni\" meaning=\"restaurant\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"menyu\" word=\"მენიუ\" pronunciation=\"me-niu\" meaning=\"menu\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"maitane-menyu\" word=\"მომიტანეთ მენიუ, გთხოვთ\" pronunciation=\"mo-mi-ta-net me-niu, g-tkhovt\" meaning=\"Please bring me the menu\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"magida\" word=\"მაგიდა\" pronunciation=\"ma-gi-da\" meaning=\"table\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"tavisupali\" word=\"თავისუფალი ადგილი\" pronunciation=\"ta-vi-su-pa-li ad-gi-li\" meaning=\"free/available seat\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Ordering Food and Drinks\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"ka-dia-01-ordering\" title=\"Ordering Phrases\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"minda\" word=\"მინდა\" pronunciation=\"min-da\" meaning=\"I want / I would like\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"momitanet\" word=\"მომიტანეთ\" pronunciation=\"mo-mi-ta-net\" meaning=\"Please bring me (polite imperative)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"ra-gakwvt\" word=\"რა გაქვთ?\" pronunciation=\"ra ga-kvt\" meaning=\"What do you have? (What is available?)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"ratoments\" word=\"რა გირჩევთ?\" pronunciation=\"ra gir-chevt\" meaning=\"What do you recommend?\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"gamarjobat-vshvidobit\" word=\"გამარჯობა, მინდა შევუკვეთო\" pronunciation=\"ga-mar-jo-ba, min-da she-vu-kve-to\" meaning=\"Hello, I would like to order\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"wqali\" word=\"წყალი\" pronunciation=\"tsqa-li\" meaning=\"water\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"ghvino\" word=\"ღვინო\" pronunciation=\"ghvi-no\" meaning=\"wine\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"puri\" word=\"პური\" pronunciation=\"pu-ri\" meaning=\"bread\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Asking for the Bill\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"ka-dia-01-bill\" title=\"Paying the Bill\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"angarishi\" word=\"ანგარიში\" pronunciation=\"an-ga-ri-shi\" meaning=\"bill / account\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"momitanet-angarishi\" word=\"მომიტანეთ ანგარიში\" pronunciation=\"mo-mi-ta-net an-ga-ri-shi\" meaning=\"Please bring the bill\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"ra-ghirs\" word=\"რა ღირს?\" pronunciation=\"ra ghirs\" meaning=\"How much does it cost?\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"gachleba\" word=\"გადახდა\" pronunciation=\"ga-dakhs-da\" meaning=\"payment\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"kartit\" word=\"ბარათით\" pronunciation=\"ba-ra-tit\" meaning=\"by card\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"naqvit\" word=\"ნაღდი ფულით\" pronunciation=\"nagh-di fu-lit\" meaning=\"in cash\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Sample Conversation\n\n**მიმტანი** (Waiter): გამარჯობა! რა გნებავთ?\n(ga-mar-jo-ba! ra gne-bavt?)\n*Hello! What would you like?*\n\n**სტუმარი** (Guest): გამარჯობა. მომიტანეთ მენიუ, გთხოვთ.\n(ga-mar-jo-ba. mo-mi-ta-net me-niu, g-tkhovt.)\n*Hello. Please bring me the menu.*\n\n**მიმტანი**: თუ სიამოვნებით. (**hands menu**) გნებავთ სასმელი?\n(tu si-a-mov-ne-bit. gne-bavt sas-me-li?)\n*With pleasure. Would you like a drink?*\n\n**სტუმარი**: მინდა ერთი ჭიქა ღვინო და წყალი.\n(min-da er-ti chi-qa ghvi-no da tsqa-li.)\n*I would like a glass of wine and water.*\n\n**მიმტანი**: კარგი. საჭმელი გნებავთ?\n(kar-gi. sach-me-li gne-bavt?)\n*Good. Would you like food?*\n\n**სტუმარი**: დიახ. რა გირჩევთ?\n(di-akh. ra gir-chevt?)\n*Yes. What do you recommend?*\n\n**მიმტანი**: ხინკალი ძალიან გემრიელია.\n(khin-ka-li dza-li-an gem-ri-e-li-a.)\n*The khinkali is very delicious.*\n\n**სტუმარი**: კარგი, მომიტანეთ ხინკალი. და მომიტანეთ ანგარიში ბოლოს.\n(kar-gi, mo-mi-ta-net khin-ka-li. da mo-mi-ta-net an-ga-ri-shi bo-los.)\n*Good, please bring the khinkali. And please bring the bill at the end.*\n\n## Cultural Note: Georgian Table Culture\n\nIn Georgian tradition, meals are communal affairs led by a **ტამადა** (tamada) — a toastmaster. Georgian restaurants often serve food family-style, with many shared dishes. It is considered polite to say **გამარჯოს** (gamarjos — \"to victory!\") when toasting. Leaving food on the plate is generally acceptable and does not offend.\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-dia-01-menu-request\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Requesting the Menu\" skill=\"situational-response\" objectiveId=\"obj-dia-01-order-food\"}\n\n**Question:** Fill in the blanks to complete the customer's side of the conversation\n\n1. Greeting the waiter: ___\n2. Asking for the menu: ___ მენიუ, გთხოვთ\n3. Ordering a drink: ___ ერთი ჭიქა ღვინო\n\n**Answer:**\n\n1. გამარჯობა\n2. მომიტანეთ\n3. მინდა\n\n**Explanation:** გამარჯობა opens any interaction. მომიტანეთ is the polite imperative \"please bring.\" მინდა means \"I want / I would like\" and is used to express desire for something.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-dia-01-comprehension\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Match Phrases to Situations\" skill=\"dialogue-comprehension\" objectiveId=\"obj-dia-01-ask-menu\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Georgian phrase to the situation where you would use it\n\n- მომიტანეთ მენიუ, გთხოვთ\n- რა გირჩევთ?\n- რა ღირს?\n- მომიტანეთ ანგარიში\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- მომიტანეთ მენიუ, გთხოვთ → Asking for the menu when seated\n- რა გირჩევთ? → Asking the waiter what to order\n- რა ღირს? → Asking the price of an item\n- მომიტანეთ ანგარიში → Asking for the bill at the end of the meal\n\n**Explanation:** Each phrase serves a specific step in the restaurant sequence: arrival, ordering, and payment. Learning this sequence helps you navigate the conversation naturally.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-dia-01-payment\" type=\"multiple-choice\" title=\"How Do You Pay?\" skill=\"polite-register\" objectiveId=\"obj-dia-01-pay-bill\"}\n\n**Question:** You want to ask for the bill politely. Which phrase do you use?\n\n**Options:**\n- ანგარიში!\n- მომიტანეთ ანგარიში, გთხოვთ\n- რა ღირს ეს?\n- გამარჯობა\n\n**Answer:** 2\n\n**Explanation:** მომიტანეთ ანგარიში, გთხოვთ (\"Please bring the bill\") is the correct, polite way. Simply saying ანგარიში alone sounds abrupt. რა ღირს ეს asks the price of a specific item, not the total bill. გამარჯობა is a greeting.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 2, you will learn the vocabulary and phrases for shopping at a Georgian market — bargaining, asking prices, and talking about quantities.\n";
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-01-DSHysOJC.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-dialogue-lesson-01\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 1 — რესტორანში (At a Restaurant)\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Ordering food, asking for the menu, and paying the bill in Georgian\\\"\\norder: 1\\nparentId: georgian-dialogue\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n - dialogue\\n - food\\n - restaurants\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 35\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-essentials-lesson-01\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-dia-01-order-food\\n description: \\\"Order food and drinks at a Georgian restaurant\\\"\\n skill: situational-response\\n - id: obj-dia-01-ask-menu\\n description: \\\"Ask for the menu and understand common menu terms\\\"\\n skill: dialogue-comprehension\\n - id: obj-dia-01-pay-bill\\n description: \\\"Ask for the bill and handle payment exchanges\\\"\\n skill: polite-register\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — At a Restaurant\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgian restaurants (რესტორანი, restorani) are central to the culture of hospitality — **სტუმართმოყვარეობა** (stumartmoyavreoba). Knowing how to order, ask questions about the menu, and pay the bill will make your dining experience far more rewarding. This lesson covers the essential phrases for navigating a Georgian restaurant.\\n\\n## Arriving and Requesting the Menu\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-dia-01-arrival\\\" title=\\\"Arriving at a Restaurant\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"restorani\\\" word=\\\"რესტორანი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"res-to-ra-ni\\\" meaning=\\\"restaurant\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"menyu\\\" word=\\\"მენიუ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"me-niu\\\" meaning=\\\"menu\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"maitane-menyu\\\" word=\\\"მომიტანეთ მენიუ, გთხოვთ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mo-mi-ta-net me-niu, g-tkhovt\\\" meaning=\\\"Please bring me the menu\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"magida\\\" word=\\\"მაგიდა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ma-gi-da\\\" meaning=\\\"table\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"tavisupali\\\" word=\\\"თავისუფალი ადგილი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ta-vi-su-pa-li ad-gi-li\\\" meaning=\\\"free/available seat\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Ordering Food and Drinks\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-dia-01-ordering\\\" title=\\\"Ordering Phrases\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"minda\\\" word=\\\"მინდა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"min-da\\\" meaning=\\\"I want / I would like\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"momitanet\\\" word=\\\"მომიტანეთ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mo-mi-ta-net\\\" meaning=\\\"Please bring me (polite imperative)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ra-gakwvt\\\" word=\\\"რა გაქვთ?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ra ga-kvt\\\" meaning=\\\"What do you have? (What is available?)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ratoments\\\" word=\\\"რა გირჩევთ?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ra gir-chevt\\\" meaning=\\\"What do you recommend?\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gamarjobat-vshvidobit\\\" word=\\\"გამარჯობა, მინდა შევუკვეთო\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-mar-jo-ba, min-da she-vu-kve-to\\\" meaning=\\\"Hello, I would like to order\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"wqali\\\" word=\\\"წყალი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"tsqa-li\\\" meaning=\\\"water\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ghvino\\\" word=\\\"ღვინო\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ghvi-no\\\" meaning=\\\"wine\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"puri\\\" word=\\\"პური\\\" pronunciation=\\\"pu-ri\\\" meaning=\\\"bread\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Asking for the Bill\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-dia-01-bill\\\" title=\\\"Paying the Bill\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"angarishi\\\" word=\\\"ანგარიში\\\" pronunciation=\\\"an-ga-ri-shi\\\" meaning=\\\"bill / account\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"momitanet-angarishi\\\" word=\\\"მომიტანეთ ანგარიში\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mo-mi-ta-net an-ga-ri-shi\\\" meaning=\\\"Please bring the bill\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ra-ghirs\\\" word=\\\"რა ღირს?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ra ghirs\\\" meaning=\\\"How much does it cost?\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gachleba\\\" word=\\\"გადახდა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ga-dakhs-da\\\" meaning=\\\"payment\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"kartit\\\" word=\\\"ბარათით\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ba-ra-tit\\\" meaning=\\\"by card\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"naqvit\\\" word=\\\"ნაღდი ფულით\\\" pronunciation=\\\"nagh-di fu-lit\\\" meaning=\\\"in cash\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Sample Conversation\\n\\n**მიმტანი** (Waiter): გამარჯობა! რა გნებავთ?\\n(ga-mar-jo-ba! ra gne-bavt?)\\n*Hello! What would you like?*\\n\\n**სტუმარი** (Guest): გამარჯობა. მომიტანეთ მენიუ, გთხოვთ.\\n(ga-mar-jo-ba. mo-mi-ta-net me-niu, g-tkhovt.)\\n*Hello. Please bring me the menu.*\\n\\n**მიმტანი**: თუ სიამოვნებით. (**hands menu**) გნებავთ სასმელი?\\n(tu si-a-mov-ne-bit. gne-bavt sas-me-li?)\\n*With pleasure. Would you like a drink?*\\n\\n**სტუმარი**: მინდა ერთი ჭიქა ღვინო და წყალი.\\n(min-da er-ti chi-qa ghvi-no da tsqa-li.)\\n*I would like a glass of wine and water.*\\n\\n**მიმტანი**: კარგი. საჭმელი გნებავთ?\\n(kar-gi. sach-me-li gne-bavt?)\\n*Good. Would you like food?*\\n\\n**სტუმარი**: დიახ. რა გირჩევთ?\\n(di-akh. ra gir-chevt?)\\n*Yes. What do you recommend?*\\n\\n**მიმტანი**: ხინკალი ძალიან გემრიელია.\\n(khin-ka-li dza-li-an gem-ri-e-li-a.)\\n*The khinkali is very delicious.*\\n\\n**სტუმარი**: კარგი, მომიტანეთ ხინკალი. და მომიტანეთ ანგარიში ბოლოს.\\n(kar-gi, mo-mi-ta-net khin-ka-li. da mo-mi-ta-net an-ga-ri-shi bo-los.)\\n*Good, please bring the khinkali. And please bring the bill at the end.*\\n\\n## Cultural Note: Georgian Table Culture\\n\\nIn Georgian tradition, meals are communal affairs led by a **ტამადა** (tamada) — a toastmaster. Georgian restaurants often serve food family-style, with many shared dishes. It is considered polite to say **გამარჯოს** (gamarjos — \\\"to victory!\\\") when toasting. Leaving food on the plate is generally acceptable and does not offend.\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-dia-01-menu-request\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Requesting the Menu\\\" skill=\\\"situational-response\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-dia-01-order-food\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Fill in the blanks to complete the customer's side of the conversation\\n\\n1. Greeting the waiter: ___\\n2. Asking for the menu: ___ მენიუ, გთხოვთ\\n3. Ordering a drink: ___ ერთი ჭიქა ღვინო\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. გამარჯობა\\n2. მომიტანეთ\\n3. მინდა\\n\\n**Explanation:** გამარჯობა opens any interaction. მომიტანეთ is the polite imperative \\\"please bring.\\\" მინდა means \\\"I want / I would like\\\" and is used to express desire for something.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-dia-01-comprehension\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match Phrases to Situations\\\" skill=\\\"dialogue-comprehension\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-dia-01-ask-menu\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian phrase to the situation where you would use it\\n\\n- მომიტანეთ მენიუ, გთხოვთ\\n- რა გირჩევთ?\\n- რა ღირს?\\n- მომიტანეთ ანგარიში\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- მომიტანეთ მენიუ, გთხოვთ → Asking for the menu when seated\\n- რა გირჩევთ? → Asking the waiter what to order\\n- რა ღირს? → Asking the price of an item\\n- მომიტანეთ ანგარიში → Asking for the bill at the end of the meal\\n\\n**Explanation:** Each phrase serves a specific step in the restaurant sequence: arrival, ordering, and payment. Learning this sequence helps you navigate the conversation naturally.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-dia-01-payment\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"How Do You Pay?\\\" skill=\\\"polite-register\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-dia-01-pay-bill\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** You want to ask for the bill politely. Which phrase do you use?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- ანგარიში!\\n- მომიტანეთ ანგარიში, გთხოვთ\\n- რა ღირს ეს?\\n- გამარჯობა\\n\\n**Answer:** 2\\n\\n**Explanation:** მომიტანეთ ანგარიში, გთხოვთ (\\\"Please bring the bill\\\") is the correct, polite way. Simply saying ანგარიში alone sounds abrupt. რა ღირს ეს asks the price of a specific item, not the total bill. გამარჯობა is a greeting.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 2, you will learn the vocabulary and phrases for shopping at a Georgian market — bargaining, asking prices, and talking about quantities.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}
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//#region src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw
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var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-01\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 1 — Vowels & First Consonants I\"\ndescription: \"First 2 vowels (ა, ი) and 2 common consonants (ლ, მ) — Begin reading Georgian immediately\"\norder: 1\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\ndifficulty: beginner\ncefrLevel: A1\ncategories:\n - vowels\n - consonants\n - basic-characters\nmetadata:\n estimatedTime: 20\n prerequisites: []\n learningObjectives:\n - id: obj-recognize-vowels-1\n description: \"Recognize the vowels ა and ი\"\n skill: character-recognition\n references: [ani, ini]\n - id: obj-recognize-consonants-1\n description: \"Recognize the consonants ლ and მ\"\n skill: character-recognition\n references: [lasi, mani]\n - id: obj-sounds-1\n description: \"Map each character to its sound\"\n skill: character-sound-mapping\n references: [ani, ini, lasi, mani]\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Vowels & First Consonants I\n\n## Introduction\n\nWelcome to the Georgian alphabet, known as **მხედრული** (Mkhedruli). Georgian is one of only 14 languages in the world with its own unique writing system. Unlike Latin, Cyrillic, or Arabic scripts, the Georgian alphabet has no uppercase or lowercase forms -- every letter has just one shape.\n\nIn this first lesson, you will learn 4 characters: 2 vowels and 2 of the most common consonants. With just these 4 letters, you can already form simple Georgian words.\n\n## The Georgian Alphabet at a Glance\n\nThe modern Georgian alphabet has **33 letters**: 5 vowels and 28 consonants. Each letter represents exactly one sound, making Georgian remarkably phonetic. What you see is what you say.\n\nKey features:\n\n- **No capital letters** -- Georgian is unicameral\n- **One letter = one sound** -- no digraphs or silent letters\n- **Left to right** -- same direction as English\n- **Rounded shapes** -- the script is known for its elegant curves\n\n## Characters\n\n:::character-set{id=\"georgian-vowels-consonants-1\" title=\"Vowels & First Consonants I\"}\n\n::character{id=\"ani\" canonicalRef=\"ani\" char=\"ა\" name=\"ა ანი (Ani)\" charType=\"vowel\" data:transliteration=\"a\" data:ipa=\"ɑ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"ini\" canonicalRef=\"ini\" char=\"ი\" name=\"ი ინი (Ini)\" charType=\"vowel\" data:transliteration=\"i\" data:ipa=\"i\"}\n\n::character{id=\"lasi\" canonicalRef=\"lasi\" char=\"ლ\" name=\"ლ ლასი (Lasi)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"liquid\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"l\" data:ipa=\"l\"}\n\n::character{id=\"mani\" canonicalRef=\"mani\" char=\"მ\" name=\"მ მანი (Mani)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"nasal\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"m\" data:ipa=\"m\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Georgian Vowels: Pure and Simple\n\nGeorgian has only **5 vowels**: ა (a), ე (e), ი (i), ო (o), უ (u). This is the same 5-vowel system found in Spanish, Japanese, and many other languages. Each vowel is always pronounced the same way, with no reduction or changes based on stress.\n\nToday you learn the first two:\n\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\n| ა | ანი (Ani) | /ɑ/ | \"a\" in \"father\" |\n| ი | ინი (Ini) | /i/ | \"ee\" in \"see\" |\n\n## Your First Consonants\n\nThe consonants ლ (Lasi) and მ (Mani) are among the most frequently used in Georgian. Both are **voiced sonorants**, meaning they are produced with vocal cord vibration and continuous airflow.\n\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\n| ლ | ლასი (Lasi) | /l/ | \"l\" in \"like\" |\n| მ | მანი (Mani) | /m/ | \"m\" in \"moon\" |\n\n## Your First Georgian Words\n\nWith just 4 letters, you can already read these words:\n\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\n|------|--------------|---------|\n| ალი | a-li | Ali (name) |\n| მალი | ma-li | soon |\n| ილა | i-la | Ila (name) |\n| მილი | mi-li | pipe |\n| ლამი | la-mi | silt, mud |\n\nTry reading each word letter by letter. Georgian is perfectly phonetic, so sound out each character from left to right.\n\n## Reading Strategy\n\nSince Georgian is fully phonetic:\n\n1. **Identify each letter** from left to right\n2. **Sound out each one** -- every letter is always pronounced\n3. **Blend the sounds together** -- there are no silent letters or special combinations\n\nFor example, **მილი** is read as: მ (m) + ი (i) + ლ (l) + ი (i) = \"mili\"\n\n## Shape Recognition Tips\n\n- **ა** has a distinctive round loop shape, open on the right\n- **ი** is a small vertical stroke, one of the simplest Georgian letters\n- **ლ** curves upward with a loop, reaching above the baseline\n- **მ** sits mostly on the baseline with a rounded top\n\n## Key Points\n\n1. **Georgian is phonetic**: Each letter always represents the same sound\n2. **No uppercase/lowercase**: Every letter has just one form\n3. **5 vowels total**: You have learned 2 of 5 (ა, ი)\n4. **Sonorant consonants**: ლ and მ are voiced and easy to pronounce\n5. **Read left to right**: Same direction as English\n\n## Practice Recognition\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-01-recognition\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Match Characters to Sounds\" skill=\"character-recognition\" tests=\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\" objectiveId=\"obj-recognize-vowels-1\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Georgian character to its romanized name\n\n- ა\n- ი\n- ლ\n- მ\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ა = Ani (the vowel \"a\")\n- ი = Ini (the vowel \"i\")\n- ლ = Lasi (the consonant \"l\")\n- მ = Mani (the consonant \"m\")\n\n**Explanation:** These are the first 4 letters you learn. Notice how ა and ი are vowels (pure sounds), while ლ and მ are consonants. Each Georgian letter name ends in \"-i\" by convention.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-01-sounds\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Sound Mapping\" skill=\"character-sound-mapping\" tests=\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\" objectiveId=\"obj-sounds-1\"}\n\n**Question:** What sound does each character make?\n\n- ა sounds like ___\n- ი sounds like ___\n- ლ sounds like ___\n- მ sounds like ___\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ა = /ɑ/ as in \"father\"\n- ი = /i/ as in \"see\"\n- ლ = /l/ as in \"like\"\n- მ = /m/ as in \"moon\"\n\n**Explanation:** Georgian is perfectly phonetic. Each letter always makes exactly one sound. There are no exceptions or context-dependent changes for these characters.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-01-word-reading\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Read Simple Words\" skill=\"word-recognition\" tests=\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\" objectiveId=\"obj-recognize-consonants-1\"}\n\n**Question:** Read the following Georgian words and give their pronunciation\n\n- მალი = ___\n- ილა = ___\n- მილი = ___\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- მალი = \"mali\" (soon)\n- ილა = \"ila\" (name)\n- მილი = \"mili\" (pipe)\n\n**Explanation:** Sound out each letter from left to right. Georgian has no silent letters and no special letter combinations. Every letter is pronounced exactly as you learned it.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 2, you will learn 2 more vowels (ე, ო) and 2 more consonants (ნ, ს), giving you enough characters to read many common Georgian words including ენა (language).\n";
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-01-LSRt08jD.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-01\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 1 — Vowels & First Consonants I\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"First 2 vowels (ა, ი) and 2 common consonants (ლ, მ) — Begin reading Georgian immediately\\\"\\norder: 1\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n - vowels\\n - consonants\\n - basic-characters\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 20\\n prerequisites: []\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-recognize-vowels-1\\n description: \\\"Recognize the vowels ა and ი\\\"\\n skill: character-recognition\\n references: [ani, ini]\\n - id: obj-recognize-consonants-1\\n description: \\\"Recognize the consonants ლ and მ\\\"\\n skill: character-recognition\\n references: [lasi, mani]\\n - id: obj-sounds-1\\n description: \\\"Map each character to its sound\\\"\\n skill: character-sound-mapping\\n references: [ani, ini, lasi, mani]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Vowels & First Consonants I\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nWelcome to the Georgian alphabet, known as **მხედრული** (Mkhedruli). Georgian is one of only 14 languages in the world with its own unique writing system. Unlike Latin, Cyrillic, or Arabic scripts, the Georgian alphabet has no uppercase or lowercase forms -- every letter has just one shape.\\n\\nIn this first lesson, you will learn 4 characters: 2 vowels and 2 of the most common consonants. With just these 4 letters, you can already form simple Georgian words.\\n\\n## The Georgian Alphabet at a Glance\\n\\nThe modern Georgian alphabet has **33 letters**: 5 vowels and 28 consonants. Each letter represents exactly one sound, making Georgian remarkably phonetic. What you see is what you say.\\n\\nKey features:\\n\\n- **No capital letters** -- Georgian is unicameral\\n- **One letter = one sound** -- no digraphs or silent letters\\n- **Left to right** -- same direction as English\\n- **Rounded shapes** -- the script is known for its elegant curves\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-vowels-consonants-1\\\" title=\\\"Vowels & First Consonants I\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"ani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"ani\\\" char=\\\"ა\\\" name=\\\"ა ანი (Ani)\\\" charType=\\\"vowel\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"a\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ɑ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"ini\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"ini\\\" char=\\\"ი\\\" name=\\\"ი ინი (Ini)\\\" charType=\\\"vowel\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"i\\\" data:ipa=\\\"i\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"lasi\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"lasi\\\" char=\\\"ლ\\\" name=\\\"ლ ლასი (Lasi)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"liquid\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"l\\\" data:ipa=\\\"l\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"mani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"mani\\\" char=\\\"მ\\\" name=\\\"მ მანი (Mani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"nasal\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"m\\\" data:ipa=\\\"m\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Georgian Vowels: Pure and Simple\\n\\nGeorgian has only **5 vowels**: ა (a), ე (e), ი (i), ო (o), უ (u). This is the same 5-vowel system found in Spanish, Japanese, and many other languages. Each vowel is always pronounced the same way, with no reduction or changes based on stress.\\n\\nToday you learn the first two:\\n\\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\\n| ა | ანი (Ani) | /ɑ/ | \\\"a\\\" in \\\"father\\\" |\\n| ი | ინი (Ini) | /i/ | \\\"ee\\\" in \\\"see\\\" |\\n\\n## Your First Consonants\\n\\nThe consonants ლ (Lasi) and მ (Mani) are among the most frequently used in Georgian. Both are **voiced sonorants**, meaning they are produced with vocal cord vibration and continuous airflow.\\n\\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\\n| ლ | ლასი (Lasi) | /l/ | \\\"l\\\" in \\\"like\\\" |\\n| მ | მანი (Mani) | /m/ | \\\"m\\\" in \\\"moon\\\" |\\n\\n## Your First Georgian Words\\n\\nWith just 4 letters, you can already read these words:\\n\\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|------|--------------|---------|\\n| ალი | a-li | Ali (name) |\\n| მალი | ma-li | soon |\\n| ილა | i-la | Ila (name) |\\n| მილი | mi-li | pipe |\\n| ლამი | la-mi | silt, mud |\\n\\nTry reading each word letter by letter. Georgian is perfectly phonetic, so sound out each character from left to right.\\n\\n## Reading Strategy\\n\\nSince Georgian is fully phonetic:\\n\\n1. **Identify each letter** from left to right\\n2. **Sound out each one** -- every letter is always pronounced\\n3. **Blend the sounds together** -- there are no silent letters or special combinations\\n\\nFor example, **მილი** is read as: მ (m) + ი (i) + ლ (l) + ი (i) = \\\"mili\\\"\\n\\n## Shape Recognition Tips\\n\\n- **ა** has a distinctive round loop shape, open on the right\\n- **ი** is a small vertical stroke, one of the simplest Georgian letters\\n- **ლ** curves upward with a loop, reaching above the baseline\\n- **მ** sits mostly on the baseline with a rounded top\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **Georgian is phonetic**: Each letter always represents the same sound\\n2. **No uppercase/lowercase**: Every letter has just one form\\n3. **5 vowels total**: You have learned 2 of 5 (ა, ი)\\n4. **Sonorant consonants**: ლ and მ are voiced and easy to pronounce\\n5. **Read left to right**: Same direction as English\\n\\n## Practice Recognition\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-01-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match Characters to Sounds\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-vowels-1\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian character to its romanized name\\n\\n- ა\\n- ი\\n- ლ\\n- მ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ა = Ani (the vowel \\\"a\\\")\\n- ი = Ini (the vowel \\\"i\\\")\\n- ლ = Lasi (the consonant \\\"l\\\")\\n- მ = Mani (the consonant \\\"m\\\")\\n\\n**Explanation:** These are the first 4 letters you learn. Notice how ა and ი are vowels (pure sounds), while ლ and მ are consonants. Each Georgian letter name ends in \\\"-i\\\" by convention.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-01-sounds\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Sound Mapping\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-sounds-1\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** What sound does each character make?\\n\\n- ა sounds like ___\\n- ი sounds like ___\\n- ლ sounds like ___\\n- მ sounds like ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ა = /ɑ/ as in \\\"father\\\"\\n- ი = /i/ as in \\\"see\\\"\\n- ლ = /l/ as in \\\"like\\\"\\n- მ = /m/ as in \\\"moon\\\"\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian is perfectly phonetic. Each letter always makes exactly one sound. There are no exceptions or context-dependent changes for these characters.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-01-word-reading\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Read Simple Words\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-consonants-1\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read the following Georgian words and give their pronunciation\\n\\n- მალი = ___\\n- ილა = ___\\n- მილი = ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- მალი = \\\"mali\\\" (soon)\\n- ილა = \\\"ila\\\" (name)\\n- მილი = \\\"mili\\\" (pipe)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Sound out each letter from left to right. Georgian has no silent letters and no special letter combinations. Every letter is pronounced exactly as you learned it.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 2, you will learn 2 more vowels (ე, ო) and 2 more consonants (ნ, ს), giving you enough characters to read many common Georgian words including ენა (language).\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}
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var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-reading-lesson-01\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 1 — მარტივი სიტყვები (Simple Words)\"\ndescription: \"Reading CVC words and common 2-3 syllable Georgian words\"\norder: 1\nparentId: georgian-reading\ndifficulty: intermediate\ncefrLevel: A2\ncategories:\n - reading\n - decoding\n - vocabulary\nmetadata:\n estimatedTime: 30\n prerequisites:\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-01\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-02\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-03\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-04\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-05\n learningObjectives:\n - id: obj-read-01-decode-cvc\n description: \"Decode simple CVC and two-syllable Georgian words\"\n skill: text-decoding\n - id: obj-read-01-pronounce-words\n description: \"Pronounce common Georgian words accurately\"\n skill: word-pronunciation\n - id: obj-read-01-recognize-common\n description: \"Recognize high-frequency short Georgian words by sight\"\n skill: word-recognition\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Simple Words\n\n## Introduction\n\nNow that you know the Georgian alphabet (Mkhedruli script), it is time to put letters together into words. Georgian spelling is almost perfectly phonemic — each letter maps to exactly one sound, and words are pronounced exactly as written. This makes reading Georgian far more predictable than English.\n\n## How Georgian Syllables Work\n\nA basic Georgian syllable has this structure: (consonant) + vowel + (consonant). Georgian also allows complex consonant clusters, but we start with simple patterns.\n\n| Pattern | Example | Transliteration | Meaning |\n|---------|---------|-----------------|---------|\n| CV | და | da | and / sister |\n| CVC | კატ | kat | cat |\n| CVCC | ბალთ | balt | buckle |\n| V | ა | a | ah (exclamation) |\n\n## Simple CVC Words to Read\n\nPractice reading each word aloud. The transliteration is provided to check your reading:\n\n| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\n|----------|-----------------|---------|\n| კაბა | ka-ba | dress |\n| დედა | de-da | mother |\n| მამა | ma-ma | father |\n| ბავშვი | bav-shvi | child |\n| კარი | ka-ri | door |\n| ფული | fu-li | money |\n| წყალი | tsqa-li | water |\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"ka-read-01-simple\" title=\"Simple Words\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"kaba\" word=\"კაბა\" pronunciation=\"ka-ba\" meaning=\"dress\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"kari\" word=\"კარი\" pronunciation=\"ka-ri\" meaning=\"door\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"puli\" word=\"ფული\" pronunciation=\"fu-li\" meaning=\"money\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"tsqali\" word=\"წყალი\" pronunciation=\"tsqa-li\" meaning=\"water\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"deda-read\" word=\"დედა\" pronunciation=\"de-da\" meaning=\"mother\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"mama-read\" word=\"მამა\" pronunciation=\"ma-ma\" meaning=\"father\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Reading Strategy: Left to Right, Letter by Letter\n\nGeorgian is read strictly left to right. Each character represents one sound. When you see a word, decode it letter by letter:\n\n**Example**: კ-ა-რ-ი = k + a + r + i = **kari** (door)\n\n**Example**: წ-ყ-ა-ლ-ი = ts + q + a + l + i = **tsqali** (water)\n\nNote that წყ is a two-letter cluster representing the sound /tsq/. This is one of Georgian's characteristic consonant clusters.\n\n## Common Two-Syllable Words\n\n| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\n|----------|-----------------|---------|\n| ბაბუა | ba-bu-a | grandfather |\n| ბებია | be-bi-a | grandmother |\n| ქალი | qa-li | woman |\n| კაცი | ka-tsi | man |\n| ბავშვი | bav-shvi | child |\n| ლუდი | lu-di | beer |\n| ღვინო | ghvi-no | wine |\n\n## Reading Practice: Short Word List\n\nRead each of these words aloud, then check against the transliteration:\n\n**ქა-ლი** — woman (qa-li)\n**კა-ცი** — man (ka-tsi)\n**ბა-ბუ-ა** — grandfather (ba-bu-a)\n**ბე-ბი-ა** — grandmother (be-bi-a)\n**ლუ-დი** — beer (lu-di)\n**ღვი-ნო** — wine (ghvi-no)\n\n## Cultural Note: Georgian Orthography\n\nGeorgian spelling is nearly perfectly phonemic — unlike English where \"through,\" \"though,\" \"thought,\" and \"tough\" all have different pronunciations despite looking similar. In Georgian, what you see is what you say. This means once you know the alphabet, you can read any Georgian text aloud correctly, even if you do not know the meaning of the words.\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-read-01-decode\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Decode Simple Words\" skill=\"text-decoding\" objectiveId=\"obj-read-01-decode-cvc\"}\n\n**Question:** Write the transliteration for each Georgian word\n\n1. კარი = ___\n2. ფული = ___\n3. დედა = ___\n4. ღვინო = ___\n\n**Answer:**\n\n1. ka-ri\n2. fu-li\n3. de-da\n4. ghvi-no\n\n**Explanation:** Decode each letter: კ=k, ა=a, რ=r, ი=i → kari. ფ=f, უ=u, ლ=l, ი=i → fuli. დ=d, ე=e, დ=d, ა=a → deda. ღ=gh, ვ=v, ი=i, ნ=n, ო=o → ghvino.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-read-01-meaning\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Word Meanings\" skill=\"word-recognition\" objectiveId=\"obj-read-01-recognize-common\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Georgian word to its English meaning\n\n- კაბა\n- კარი\n- ბებია\n- ბავშვი\n- ლუდი\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- კაბა → dress\n- კარი → door\n- ბებია → grandmother\n- ბავშვი → child\n- ლუდი → beer\n\n**Explanation:** These are common two-syllable words. ბებია and ბაბუა (grandmother/grandfather) follow the reduplicated syllable pattern common in Georgian kinship terms.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-read-01-pronunciation\" type=\"multiple-choice\" title=\"Correct Pronunciation\" skill=\"word-pronunciation\" objectiveId=\"obj-read-01-pronounce-words\"}\n\n**Question:** How is the word წყალი pronounced?\n\n**Options:**\n- wa-li\n- tsa-li\n- tsqa-li\n- sqa-li\n\n**Answer:** 3\n\n**Explanation:** წ represents the affricate /ts/, and ყ is a pharyngealized /q/ — together წყ makes /tsq/. So წყალი = tsqa-li. This consonant cluster is characteristic of Georgian and is found in the common word for water.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 2, you will practice reading Georgian signs — the written word you encounter every day in streets, shops, and public spaces.\n";
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-01-kLcICyFz.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/reading/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-reading-lesson-01\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 1 — მარტივი სიტყვები (Simple Words)\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Reading CVC words and common 2-3 syllable Georgian words\\\"\\norder: 1\\nparentId: georgian-reading\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n - reading\\n - decoding\\n - vocabulary\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 30\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-01\\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-02\\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-03\\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-04\\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-05\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-read-01-decode-cvc\\n description: \\\"Decode simple CVC and two-syllable Georgian words\\\"\\n skill: text-decoding\\n - id: obj-read-01-pronounce-words\\n description: \\\"Pronounce common Georgian words accurately\\\"\\n skill: word-pronunciation\\n - id: obj-read-01-recognize-common\\n description: \\\"Recognize high-frequency short Georgian words by sight\\\"\\n skill: word-recognition\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Simple Words\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nNow that you know the Georgian alphabet (Mkhedruli script), it is time to put letters together into words. Georgian spelling is almost perfectly phonemic — each letter maps to exactly one sound, and words are pronounced exactly as written. This makes reading Georgian far more predictable than English.\\n\\n## How Georgian Syllables Work\\n\\nA basic Georgian syllable has this structure: (consonant) + vowel + (consonant). Georgian also allows complex consonant clusters, but we start with simple patterns.\\n\\n| Pattern | Example | Transliteration | Meaning |\\n|---------|---------|-----------------|---------|\\n| CV | და | da | and / sister |\\n| CVC | კატ | kat | cat |\\n| CVCC | ბალთ | balt | buckle |\\n| V | ა | a | ah (exclamation) |\\n\\n## Simple CVC Words to Read\\n\\nPractice reading each word aloud. The transliteration is provided to check your reading:\\n\\n| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\\n|----------|-----------------|---------|\\n| კაბა | ka-ba | dress |\\n| დედა | de-da | mother |\\n| მამა | ma-ma | father |\\n| ბავშვი | bav-shvi | child |\\n| კარი | ka-ri | door |\\n| ფული | fu-li | money |\\n| წყალი | tsqa-li | water |\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-read-01-simple\\\" title=\\\"Simple Words\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"kaba\\\" word=\\\"კაბა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ka-ba\\\" meaning=\\\"dress\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"kari\\\" word=\\\"კარი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ka-ri\\\" meaning=\\\"door\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"puli\\\" word=\\\"ფული\\\" pronunciation=\\\"fu-li\\\" meaning=\\\"money\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"tsqali\\\" word=\\\"წყალი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"tsqa-li\\\" meaning=\\\"water\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"deda-read\\\" word=\\\"დედა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"de-da\\\" meaning=\\\"mother\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"mama-read\\\" word=\\\"მამა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ma-ma\\\" meaning=\\\"father\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Reading Strategy: Left to Right, Letter by Letter\\n\\nGeorgian is read strictly left to right. Each character represents one sound. When you see a word, decode it letter by letter:\\n\\n**Example**: კ-ა-რ-ი = k + a + r + i = **kari** (door)\\n\\n**Example**: წ-ყ-ა-ლ-ი = ts + q + a + l + i = **tsqali** (water)\\n\\nNote that წყ is a two-letter cluster representing the sound /tsq/. This is one of Georgian's characteristic consonant clusters.\\n\\n## Common Two-Syllable Words\\n\\n| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\\n|----------|-----------------|---------|\\n| ბაბუა | ba-bu-a | grandfather |\\n| ბებია | be-bi-a | grandmother |\\n| ქალი | qa-li | woman |\\n| კაცი | ka-tsi | man |\\n| ბავშვი | bav-shvi | child |\\n| ლუდი | lu-di | beer |\\n| ღვინო | ghvi-no | wine |\\n\\n## Reading Practice: Short Word List\\n\\nRead each of these words aloud, then check against the transliteration:\\n\\n**ქა-ლი** — woman (qa-li)\\n**კა-ცი** — man (ka-tsi)\\n**ბა-ბუ-ა** — grandfather (ba-bu-a)\\n**ბე-ბი-ა** — grandmother (be-bi-a)\\n**ლუ-დი** — beer (lu-di)\\n**ღვი-ნო** — wine (ghvi-no)\\n\\n## Cultural Note: Georgian Orthography\\n\\nGeorgian spelling is nearly perfectly phonemic — unlike English where \\\"through,\\\" \\\"though,\\\" \\\"thought,\\\" and \\\"tough\\\" all have different pronunciations despite looking similar. In Georgian, what you see is what you say. This means once you know the alphabet, you can read any Georgian text aloud correctly, even if you do not know the meaning of the words.\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-read-01-decode\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Decode Simple Words\\\" skill=\\\"text-decoding\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-read-01-decode-cvc\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Write the transliteration for each Georgian word\\n\\n1. კარი = ___\\n2. ფული = ___\\n3. დედა = ___\\n4. ღვინო = ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. ka-ri\\n2. fu-li\\n3. de-da\\n4. ghvi-no\\n\\n**Explanation:** Decode each letter: კ=k, ა=a, რ=r, ი=i → kari. ფ=f, უ=u, ლ=l, ი=i → fuli. დ=d, ე=e, დ=d, ა=a → deda. ღ=gh, ვ=v, ი=i, ნ=n, ო=o → ghvino.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-read-01-meaning\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Word Meanings\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-read-01-recognize-common\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian word to its English meaning\\n\\n- კაბა\\n- კარი\\n- ბებია\\n- ბავშვი\\n- ლუდი\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- კაბა → dress\\n- კარი → door\\n- ბებია → grandmother\\n- ბავშვი → child\\n- ლუდი → beer\\n\\n**Explanation:** These are common two-syllable words. ბებია and ბაბუა (grandmother/grandfather) follow the reduplicated syllable pattern common in Georgian kinship terms.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-read-01-pronunciation\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Correct Pronunciation\\\" skill=\\\"word-pronunciation\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-read-01-pronounce-words\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** How is the word წყალი pronounced?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- wa-li\\n- tsa-li\\n- tsqa-li\\n- sqa-li\\n\\n**Answer:** 3\\n\\n**Explanation:** წ represents the affricate /ts/, and ყ is a pharyngealized /q/ — together წყ makes /tsq/. So წყალი = tsqa-li. This consonant cluster is characteristic of Georgian and is found in the common word for water.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 2, you will practice reading Georgian signs — the written word you encounter every day in streets, shops, and public spaces.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}
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var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-grammar-lesson-02\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 2 — პირადი ნაცვალსახელები და ზმნა 'ვარ'\"\ndescription: \"Personal pronouns and the verb to be in Georgian\"\norder: 2\nparentId: georgian-grammar\ndifficulty: intermediate\ncefrLevel: A2\ncategories:\n - grammar\n - pronouns\nmetadata:\n estimatedTime: 30\n prerequisites:\n - georgian-grammar-lesson-01\n learningObjectives:\n - id: obj-02-pronouns-recognize\n description: \"Recognize all six Georgian personal pronouns\"\n skill: word-recognition\n - id: obj-02-tobe-apply\n description: \"Form sentences using the verb to be\"\n skill: pattern-application\n - id: obj-02-tobe-produce\n description: \"Produce simple predicate sentences with pronouns and to-be\"\n skill: word-production\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Personal Pronouns and To Be\n\n## Introduction\n\nGeorgian has six personal pronouns, one for each person and number. Unlike many European languages, Georgian does not distinguish grammatical gender — there is no he/she distinction in the third person singular. The pronoun **ის** (is) means both \"he\" and \"she.\"\n\nThe verb \"to be\" in Georgian is irregular and essential. It works differently from English in one important way: in the third person, it can be omitted entirely or appear as a suffix **-ა** (-a).\n\n## Personal Pronouns\n\n| Pronoun | Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\n|---------|----------|-----------------|---------|\n| 1st sg | მე | me | I |\n| 2nd sg | შენ | shen | you (singular) |\n| 3rd sg | ის | is | he / she / it |\n| 1st pl | ჩვენ | chven | we |\n| 2nd pl | თქვენ | tkven | you (plural / formal) |\n| 3rd pl | ისინი | isini | they |\n\nNote: **თქვენ** (tkven) is also used as a polite singular \"you,\" similar to French *vous* or German *Sie*. Addressing an elder or a stranger with თქვენ shows respect.\n\n## The Verb \"To Be\" — Present Tense\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"ka-gram-02-tobe\" title=\"To Be — Present Tense Forms\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"var\" word=\"ვარ\" pronunciation=\"var\" meaning=\"I am (მე ვარ)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"xar\" word=\"ხარ\" pronunciation=\"khar\" meaning=\"You are (შენ ხარ)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"aris\" word=\"არის\" pronunciation=\"a-ris\" meaning=\"He/she/it is (ის არის)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"vart\" word=\"ვართ\" pronunciation=\"vart\" meaning=\"We are (ჩვენ ვართ)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"xart\" word=\"ხართ\" pronunciation=\"khart\" meaning=\"You are plural/formal (თქვენ ხართ)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"arian\" word=\"არიან\" pronunciation=\"a-ri-an\" meaning=\"They are (ისინი არიან)\"}\n\n:::\n\n## A Georgian Shortcut: Dropping the Verb\n\nIn the third person, Georgians frequently drop **არის** entirely or replace it with the short suffix **-ა** attached directly to the predicate:\n\n| Full form | Short form | Meaning |\n|-----------|------------|---------|\n| ის სტუდენტია არის | ის სტუდენტია | He/she is a student |\n| ის კარგი ადამიანი არის | ის კარგი ადამიანია | He/she is a good person |\n\nThe **-ა** ending on the noun or adjective carries the meaning of \"is.\" This is very common in spoken and written Georgian.\n\n## Simple Predicate Sentences\n\n| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\n|----------|-----------------|---------|\n| მე სტუდენტი ვარ | me studenti var | I am a student |\n| შენ ქართველი ხარ | shen kartveli khar | You are Georgian |\n| ის მასწავლებელია | is matsavlebelia | He/she is a teacher |\n| ჩვენ მეგობრები ვართ | chven megobrebi vart | We are friends |\n| თქვენ ექიმები ხართ | tkven ekimebi khart | You are doctors |\n| ისინი სტუდენტები არიან | isini studentebi arian | They are students |\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-gram-02-pronouns-recognize\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Match Pronouns\" skill=\"word-recognition\" objectiveId=\"obj-02-pronouns-recognize\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Georgian pronoun to its English meaning\n\n- მე\n- შენ\n- ის\n- ჩვენ\n- თქვენ\n- ისინი\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- მე → I\n- შენ → you (singular)\n- ის → he / she / it\n- ჩვენ → we\n- თქვენ → you (plural or formal)\n- ისინი → they\n\n**Explanation:** Georgian has no gender distinction in the third person singular — ის covers both he and she. თქვენ serves as both plural you and polite formal you.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-gram-02-tobe-apply\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Complete with To Be\" skill=\"pattern-application\" objectiveId=\"obj-02-tobe-apply\"}\n\n**Question:** Fill in the correct form of \"to be\"\n\n1. მე სტუდენტი ___ (I am a student)\n2. შენ ქართველი ___ (you are Georgian)\n3. ჩვენ მეგობრები ___ (we are friends)\n4. ისინი ექიმები ___ (they are doctors)\n\n**Answer:**\n\n1. მე სტუდენტი **ვარ**\n2. შენ ქართველი **ხარ**\n3. ჩვენ მეგობრები **ვართ**\n4. ისინი ექიმები **არიან**\n\n**Explanation:** The verb \"to be\" in Georgian changes with each person and number. Note the pattern: ვ- prefix for first person (ვარ, ვართ), and the distinct plural forms with -ან for third person plural.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-gram-02-tobe-produce\" type=\"multiple-choice\" title=\"Say Who You Are\" skill=\"word-production\" objectiveId=\"obj-02-tobe-produce\"}\n\n**Question:** You are introducing yourself as a student. Which sentence is correct?\n\n**Options:**\n- მე სტუდენტი ხარ\n- მე სტუდენტი ვარ\n- ის სტუდენტი ვარ\n- ჩვენ სტუდენტი ვართ\n\n**Answer:** 2\n\n**Explanation:** For first person singular \"I am,\" use **ვარ**. The subject pronoun is **მე** (I). Using ხარ would mean \"you are\" and ის refers to a third person. ჩვენ ვართ means \"we are\" — the noun would also need to be plural.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 3, you will explore the Georgian case system — specifically the nominative and ergative cases, which control how subjects are marked depending on the verb type.\n";
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-02-BNDCOZZz.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-grammar-lesson-02\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 2 — პირადი ნაცვალსახელები და ზმნა 'ვარ'\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Personal pronouns and the verb to be in Georgian\\\"\\norder: 2\\nparentId: georgian-grammar\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n - grammar\\n - pronouns\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 30\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-grammar-lesson-01\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-02-pronouns-recognize\\n description: \\\"Recognize all six Georgian personal pronouns\\\"\\n skill: word-recognition\\n - id: obj-02-tobe-apply\\n description: \\\"Form sentences using the verb to be\\\"\\n skill: pattern-application\\n - id: obj-02-tobe-produce\\n description: \\\"Produce simple predicate sentences with pronouns and to-be\\\"\\n skill: word-production\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Personal Pronouns and To Be\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgian has six personal pronouns, one for each person and number. Unlike many European languages, Georgian does not distinguish grammatical gender — there is no he/she distinction in the third person singular. The pronoun **ის** (is) means both \\\"he\\\" and \\\"she.\\\"\\n\\nThe verb \\\"to be\\\" in Georgian is irregular and essential. It works differently from English in one important way: in the third person, it can be omitted entirely or appear as a suffix **-ა** (-a).\\n\\n## Personal Pronouns\\n\\n| Pronoun | Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\\n|---------|----------|-----------------|---------|\\n| 1st sg | მე | me | I |\\n| 2nd sg | შენ | shen | you (singular) |\\n| 3rd sg | ის | is | he / she / it |\\n| 1st pl | ჩვენ | chven | we |\\n| 2nd pl | თქვენ | tkven | you (plural / formal) |\\n| 3rd pl | ისინი | isini | they |\\n\\nNote: **თქვენ** (tkven) is also used as a polite singular \\\"you,\\\" similar to French *vous* or German *Sie*. Addressing an elder or a stranger with თქვენ shows respect.\\n\\n## The Verb \\\"To Be\\\" — Present Tense\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-gram-02-tobe\\\" title=\\\"To Be — Present Tense Forms\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"var\\\" word=\\\"ვარ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"var\\\" meaning=\\\"I am (მე ვარ)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"xar\\\" word=\\\"ხარ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"khar\\\" meaning=\\\"You are (შენ ხარ)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"aris\\\" word=\\\"არის\\\" pronunciation=\\\"a-ris\\\" meaning=\\\"He/she/it is (ის არის)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"vart\\\" word=\\\"ვართ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"vart\\\" meaning=\\\"We are (ჩვენ ვართ)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"xart\\\" word=\\\"ხართ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"khart\\\" meaning=\\\"You are plural/formal (თქვენ ხართ)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"arian\\\" word=\\\"არიან\\\" pronunciation=\\\"a-ri-an\\\" meaning=\\\"They are (ისინი არიან)\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## A Georgian Shortcut: Dropping the Verb\\n\\nIn the third person, Georgians frequently drop **არის** entirely or replace it with the short suffix **-ა** attached directly to the predicate:\\n\\n| Full form | Short form | Meaning |\\n|-----------|------------|---------|\\n| ის სტუდენტია არის | ის სტუდენტია | He/she is a student |\\n| ის კარგი ადამიანი არის | ის კარგი ადამიანია | He/she is a good person |\\n\\nThe **-ა** ending on the noun or adjective carries the meaning of \\\"is.\\\" This is very common in spoken and written Georgian.\\n\\n## Simple Predicate Sentences\\n\\n| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\\n|----------|-----------------|---------|\\n| მე სტუდენტი ვარ | me studenti var | I am a student |\\n| შენ ქართველი ხარ | shen kartveli khar | You are Georgian |\\n| ის მასწავლებელია | is matsavlebelia | He/she is a teacher |\\n| ჩვენ მეგობრები ვართ | chven megobrebi vart | We are friends |\\n| თქვენ ექიმები ხართ | tkven ekimebi khart | You are doctors |\\n| ისინი სტუდენტები არიან | isini studentebi arian | They are students |\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-02-pronouns-recognize\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match Pronouns\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-02-pronouns-recognize\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian pronoun to its English meaning\\n\\n- მე\\n- შენ\\n- ის\\n- ჩვენ\\n- თქვენ\\n- ისინი\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- მე → I\\n- შენ → you (singular)\\n- ის → he / she / it\\n- ჩვენ → we\\n- თქვენ → you (plural or formal)\\n- ისინი → they\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian has no gender distinction in the third person singular — ის covers both he and she. თქვენ serves as both plural you and polite formal you.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-02-tobe-apply\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Complete with To Be\\\" skill=\\\"pattern-application\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-02-tobe-apply\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Fill in the correct form of \\\"to be\\\"\\n\\n1. მე სტუდენტი ___ (I am a student)\\n2. შენ ქართველი ___ (you are Georgian)\\n3. ჩვენ მეგობრები ___ (we are friends)\\n4. ისინი ექიმები ___ (they are doctors)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. მე სტუდენტი **ვარ**\\n2. შენ ქართველი **ხარ**\\n3. ჩვენ მეგობრები **ვართ**\\n4. ისინი ექიმები **არიან**\\n\\n**Explanation:** The verb \\\"to be\\\" in Georgian changes with each person and number. Note the pattern: ვ- prefix for first person (ვარ, ვართ), and the distinct plural forms with -ან for third person plural.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-02-tobe-produce\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Say Who You Are\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-02-tobe-produce\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** You are introducing yourself as a student. Which sentence is correct?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- მე სტუდენტი ხარ\\n- მე სტუდენტი ვარ\\n- ის სტუდენტი ვარ\\n- ჩვენ სტუდენტი ვართ\\n\\n**Answer:** 2\\n\\n**Explanation:** For first person singular \\\"I am,\\\" use **ვარ**. The subject pronoun is **მე** (I). Using ხარ would mean \\\"you are\\\" and ის refers to a third person. ჩვენ ვართ means \\\"we are\\\" — the noun would also need to be plural.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 3, you will explore the Georgian case system — specifically the nominative and ergative cases, which control how subjects are marked depending on the verb type.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}
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var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-dialogue-lesson-02\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 2 — ბაზარში (At the Market)\"\ndescription: \"Bargaining, asking prices, and talking about quantities at a Georgian market\"\norder: 2\nparentId: georgian-dialogue\ndifficulty: intermediate\ncefrLevel: A2\ncategories:\n - dialogue\n - shopping\n - market\nmetadata:\n estimatedTime: 35\n prerequisites:\n - georgian-dialogue-lesson-01\n learningObjectives:\n - id: obj-dia-02-ask-price\n description: \"Ask for prices and understand the response\"\n skill: dialogue-comprehension\n - id: obj-dia-02-bargain\n description: \"Use bargaining phrases appropriate to Georgian market culture\"\n skill: situational-response\n - id: obj-dia-02-quantities\n description: \"Express quantities when buying goods\"\n skill: word-production\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — At the Market\n\n## Introduction\n\nGeorgian markets (ბაზარი, bazari) are lively, social places where fresh produce, spices, and local goods are sold. The central market of Tbilisi — **დეზერტირთა ბაზარი** (Deserters' Market) — is famous for its abundance. At Georgian markets, vendors appreciate customers who engage with them, and a little Georgian goes a long way.\n\n## Market Vocabulary\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"ka-dia-02-market\" title=\"Market Essentials\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"bazari\" word=\"ბაზარი\" pronunciation=\"ba-za-ri\" meaning=\"market / bazaar\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"gamyidveli\" word=\"გამყიდველი\" pronunciation=\"gam-yid-ve-li\" meaning=\"seller / vendor\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"momkhmarebeli\" word=\"მომხმარებელი\" pronunciation=\"mom-khma-re-be-li\" meaning=\"customer / buyer\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"pasi\" word=\"ფასი\" pronunciation=\"fa-si\" meaning=\"price\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"iafi\" word=\"იაფი\" pronunciation=\"ia-fi\" meaning=\"cheap / inexpensive\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"dzvirad-ghirs\" word=\"ძვირია\" pronunciation=\"dzvi-ri-a\" meaning=\"it is expensive\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"tazhe\" word=\"ახალი\" pronunciation=\"a-kha-li\" meaning=\"fresh / new\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Asking Prices and Quantities\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"ka-dia-02-prices\" title=\"Prices and Quantities\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"ra-ghirs-es\" word=\"რა ღირს ეს?\" pronunciation=\"ra ghirs es\" meaning=\"How much does this cost?\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"ra-ghirs-kilo\" word=\"კილოგრამი რა ღირს?\" pronunciation=\"ki-lo-gra-mi ra ghirs\" meaning=\"How much per kilogram?\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"ert-kilogramshi\" word=\"ერთი კილოგრამი\" pronunciation=\"er-ti ki-lo-gra-mi\" meaning=\"one kilogram\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"nakhevari-kilo\" word=\"ნახევარი კილოგრამი\" pronunciation=\"na-khe-va-ri ki-lo-gra-mi\" meaning=\"half a kilogram\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"motanet-es\" word=\"მომეცით ეს\" pronunciation=\"mo-me-tsit es\" meaning=\"Give me this (please)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"sakmarisia\" word=\"საკმარისია\" pronunciation=\"sak-ma-ri-si-a\" meaning=\"that is enough / that will do\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Bargaining Phrases\n\nIn Georgian markets, particularly for non-food items, light bargaining is acceptable:\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"ka-dia-02-bargain\" title=\"Bargaining\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"ufro-iafi\" word=\"უფრო იაფი?\" pronunciation=\"uf-ro ia-fi\" meaning=\"Can it be cheaper?\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"sheamtsirebt\" word=\"შეამცირებთ ფასს?\" pronunciation=\"she-am-tsi-rebt fass\" meaning=\"Will you lower the price?\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"bolo-pasi\" word=\"ბოლო ფასი?\" pronunciation=\"bo-lo fa-si\" meaning=\"Best / final price?\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"viyidav\" word=\"ვიყიდი\" pronunciation=\"vi-yi-di\" meaning=\"I will buy (it)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"ara-viyidev\" word=\"არ ვიყიდი\" pronunciation=\"ar vi-yi-di\" meaning=\"I will not buy (it)\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Sample Conversation\n\n**მომხმარებელი** (Customer): გამარჯობა! ეს პომიდვრები რა ღირს?\n(ga-mar-jo-ba! es po-mid-vre-bi ra ghirs?)\n*Hello! How much are these tomatoes?*\n\n**გამყიდველი** (Vendor): კილოგრამი სამი ლარი.\n(ki-lo-gra-mi sa-mi la-ri.)\n*Three lari per kilogram.*\n\n**მომხმარებელი**: ოჰ, ძვირია. შეამცირებთ ფასს?\n(oh, dzvi-ri-a. she-am-tsi-rebt fass?)\n*Oh, that's expensive. Will you lower the price?*\n\n**გამყიდველი**: კარგი, ორი ლარი ორმოცი თეთრი.\n(kar-gi, o-ri la-ri or-mo-tsi tet-ri.)\n*Okay, two lari and forty tetri.*\n\n**მომხმარებელი**: კარგი. მომეცით ერთი კილოგრამი.\n(kar-gi. mo-me-tsit er-ti ki-lo-gra-mi.)\n*Good. Give me one kilogram.*\n\n**გამყიდველი**: ბარაქალა! (%vendor weighs) გნებავთ კიდე რამე?\n(ba-ra-qa-la! gne-bavt ki-de ra-me?)\n*There you go! Do you need anything else?*\n\n**მომხმარებელი**: არა, საკმარისია. მადლობა!\n(a-ra, sak-ma-ri-si-a. mad-lo-ba!)\n*No, that is enough. Thank you!*\n\n## Cultural Note: Georgian Market Etiquette\n\nGeorgian markets are deeply social spaces. Vendors often offer small samples (გასინჯე — taste this!), and refusing can feel rude. Accepting a taste and commenting positively (გემრიელია! — it's delicious!) goes a long way. Bargaining over fresh produce is less common than over crafts or secondhand goods. A warm greeting always improves the interaction.\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-dia-02-price-question\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Asking About Prices\" skill=\"dialogue-comprehension\" objectiveId=\"obj-dia-02-ask-price\"}\n\n**Question:** Fill in the blanks with the correct Georgian phrase\n\n1. Asking the price of an item: ___ ეს?\n2. Asking the price per kilogram: კილოგრამი ___ ___?\n3. Asking if the price can be lower: ___ ფასს?\n\n**Answer:**\n\n1. რა ღირს\n2. რა ღირს\n3. შეამცირებთ\n\n**Explanation:** რა ღირს means \"how much does it cost\" and works for any item or unit. შეამცირებთ ფასს is a polite question asking the vendor to reduce the price.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-dia-02-quantities\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Quantities at the Market\" skill=\"word-production\" objectiveId=\"obj-dia-02-quantities\"}\n\n**Question:** Match the Georgian quantity expression to its meaning\n\n- ერთი კილოგრამი\n- ნახევარი კილოგრამი\n- საკმარისია\n- მომეცით ეს\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ერთი კილოგრამი → one kilogram\n- ნახევარი კილოგრამი → half a kilogram\n- საკმარისია → that is enough / that will do\n- მომეცით ეს → give me this (please)\n\n**Explanation:** ერთი means one, ნახევარი means half, კილოგრამი means kilogram. მომეცით is the polite imperative of \"give.\" საკმარისია tells the vendor to stop measuring.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-dia-02-bargain-choice\" type=\"multiple-choice\" title=\"Light Bargaining\" skill=\"situational-response\" objectiveId=\"obj-dia-02-bargain\"}\n\n**Question:** The vendor says the price is five lari. You think it is expensive. What do you say first?\n\n**Options:**\n- ვიყიდი\n- ძვირია. შეამცირებთ ფასს?\n- მომეცით ეს\n- საკმარისია\n\n**Answer:** 2\n\n**Explanation:** ძვირია (it is expensive) politely signals that the price is high, followed by შეამცირებთ ფასს? (will you lower the price?) to open negotiation. ვიყიდი means you will buy — said after agreeing on a price. მომეცით ეს is for after the price is settled.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 3, you will learn how to ask for directions in Georgian — finding streets, landmarks, and navigating the city.\n";
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-02-C9DZJyWt.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/dialogue/lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-dialogue-lesson-02\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 2 — ბაზარში (At the Market)\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Bargaining, asking prices, and talking about quantities at a Georgian market\\\"\\norder: 2\\nparentId: georgian-dialogue\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n - dialogue\\n - shopping\\n - market\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 35\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-dialogue-lesson-01\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-dia-02-ask-price\\n description: \\\"Ask for prices and understand the response\\\"\\n skill: dialogue-comprehension\\n - id: obj-dia-02-bargain\\n description: \\\"Use bargaining phrases appropriate to Georgian market culture\\\"\\n skill: situational-response\\n - id: obj-dia-02-quantities\\n description: \\\"Express quantities when buying goods\\\"\\n skill: word-production\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — At the Market\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgian markets (ბაზარი, bazari) are lively, social places where fresh produce, spices, and local goods are sold. The central market of Tbilisi — **დეზერტირთა ბაზარი** (Deserters' Market) — is famous for its abundance. At Georgian markets, vendors appreciate customers who engage with them, and a little Georgian goes a long way.\\n\\n## Market Vocabulary\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-dia-02-market\\\" title=\\\"Market Essentials\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"bazari\\\" word=\\\"ბაზარი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ba-za-ri\\\" meaning=\\\"market / bazaar\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gamyidveli\\\" word=\\\"გამყიდველი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"gam-yid-ve-li\\\" meaning=\\\"seller / vendor\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"momkhmarebeli\\\" word=\\\"მომხმარებელი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mom-khma-re-be-li\\\" meaning=\\\"customer / buyer\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"pasi\\\" word=\\\"ფასი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"fa-si\\\" meaning=\\\"price\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"iafi\\\" word=\\\"იაფი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ia-fi\\\" meaning=\\\"cheap / inexpensive\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"dzvirad-ghirs\\\" word=\\\"ძვირია\\\" pronunciation=\\\"dzvi-ri-a\\\" meaning=\\\"it is expensive\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"tazhe\\\" word=\\\"ახალი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"a-kha-li\\\" meaning=\\\"fresh / new\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Asking Prices and Quantities\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-dia-02-prices\\\" title=\\\"Prices and Quantities\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ra-ghirs-es\\\" word=\\\"რა ღირს ეს?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ra ghirs es\\\" meaning=\\\"How much does this cost?\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ra-ghirs-kilo\\\" word=\\\"კილოგრამი რა ღირს?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ki-lo-gra-mi ra ghirs\\\" meaning=\\\"How much per kilogram?\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ert-kilogramshi\\\" word=\\\"ერთი კილოგრამი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"er-ti ki-lo-gra-mi\\\" meaning=\\\"one kilogram\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"nakhevari-kilo\\\" word=\\\"ნახევარი კილოგრამი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"na-khe-va-ri ki-lo-gra-mi\\\" meaning=\\\"half a kilogram\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"motanet-es\\\" word=\\\"მომეცით ეს\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mo-me-tsit es\\\" meaning=\\\"Give me this (please)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"sakmarisia\\\" word=\\\"საკმარისია\\\" pronunciation=\\\"sak-ma-ri-si-a\\\" meaning=\\\"that is enough / that will do\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Bargaining Phrases\\n\\nIn Georgian markets, particularly for non-food items, light bargaining is acceptable:\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-dia-02-bargain\\\" title=\\\"Bargaining\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ufro-iafi\\\" word=\\\"უფრო იაფი?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"uf-ro ia-fi\\\" meaning=\\\"Can it be cheaper?\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"sheamtsirebt\\\" word=\\\"შეამცირებთ ფასს?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"she-am-tsi-rebt fass\\\" meaning=\\\"Will you lower the price?\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"bolo-pasi\\\" word=\\\"ბოლო ფასი?\\\" pronunciation=\\\"bo-lo fa-si\\\" meaning=\\\"Best / final price?\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"viyidav\\\" word=\\\"ვიყიდი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"vi-yi-di\\\" meaning=\\\"I will buy (it)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ara-viyidev\\\" word=\\\"არ ვიყიდი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"ar vi-yi-di\\\" meaning=\\\"I will not buy (it)\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Sample Conversation\\n\\n**მომხმარებელი** (Customer): გამარჯობა! ეს პომიდვრები რა ღირს?\\n(ga-mar-jo-ba! es po-mid-vre-bi ra ghirs?)\\n*Hello! How much are these tomatoes?*\\n\\n**გამყიდველი** (Vendor): კილოგრამი სამი ლარი.\\n(ki-lo-gra-mi sa-mi la-ri.)\\n*Three lari per kilogram.*\\n\\n**მომხმარებელი**: ოჰ, ძვირია. შეამცირებთ ფასს?\\n(oh, dzvi-ri-a. she-am-tsi-rebt fass?)\\n*Oh, that's expensive. Will you lower the price?*\\n\\n**გამყიდველი**: კარგი, ორი ლარი ორმოცი თეთრი.\\n(kar-gi, o-ri la-ri or-mo-tsi tet-ri.)\\n*Okay, two lari and forty tetri.*\\n\\n**მომხმარებელი**: კარგი. მომეცით ერთი კილოგრამი.\\n(kar-gi. mo-me-tsit er-ti ki-lo-gra-mi.)\\n*Good. Give me one kilogram.*\\n\\n**გამყიდველი**: ბარაქალა! (%vendor weighs) გნებავთ კიდე რამე?\\n(ba-ra-qa-la! gne-bavt ki-de ra-me?)\\n*There you go! Do you need anything else?*\\n\\n**მომხმარებელი**: არა, საკმარისია. მადლობა!\\n(a-ra, sak-ma-ri-si-a. mad-lo-ba!)\\n*No, that is enough. Thank you!*\\n\\n## Cultural Note: Georgian Market Etiquette\\n\\nGeorgian markets are deeply social spaces. Vendors often offer small samples (გასინჯე — taste this!), and refusing can feel rude. Accepting a taste and commenting positively (გემრიელია! — it's delicious!) goes a long way. Bargaining over fresh produce is less common than over crafts or secondhand goods. A warm greeting always improves the interaction.\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-dia-02-price-question\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Asking About Prices\\\" skill=\\\"dialogue-comprehension\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-dia-02-ask-price\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Fill in the blanks with the correct Georgian phrase\\n\\n1. Asking the price of an item: ___ ეს?\\n2. Asking the price per kilogram: კილოგრამი ___ ___?\\n3. Asking if the price can be lower: ___ ფასს?\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. რა ღირს\\n2. რა ღირს\\n3. შეამცირებთ\\n\\n**Explanation:** რა ღირს means \\\"how much does it cost\\\" and works for any item or unit. შეამცირებთ ფასს is a polite question asking the vendor to reduce the price.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-dia-02-quantities\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Quantities at the Market\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-dia-02-quantities\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match the Georgian quantity expression to its meaning\\n\\n- ერთი კილოგრამი\\n- ნახევარი კილოგრამი\\n- საკმარისია\\n- მომეცით ეს\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ერთი კილოგრამი → one kilogram\\n- ნახევარი კილოგრამი → half a kilogram\\n- საკმარისია → that is enough / that will do\\n- მომეცით ეს → give me this (please)\\n\\n**Explanation:** ერთი means one, ნახევარი means half, კილოგრამი means kilogram. მომეცით is the polite imperative of \\\"give.\\\" საკმარისია tells the vendor to stop measuring.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-dia-02-bargain-choice\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Light Bargaining\\\" skill=\\\"situational-response\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-dia-02-bargain\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** The vendor says the price is five lari. You think it is expensive. What do you say first?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- ვიყიდი\\n- ძვირია. შეამცირებთ ფასს?\\n- მომეცით ეს\\n- საკმარისია\\n\\n**Answer:** 2\\n\\n**Explanation:** ძვირია (it is expensive) politely signals that the price is high, followed by შეამცირებთ ფასს? (will you lower the price?) to open negotiation. ვიყიდი means you will buy — said after agreeing on a price. მომეცით ეს is for after the price is settled.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 3, you will learn how to ask for directions in Georgian — finding streets, landmarks, and navigating the city.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}
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//#region src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw
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var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-02\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 2 — Vowels & First Consonants II\"\ndescription: \"2 more vowels (ე, ო) and 2 consonants (ნ, ს) — Expand your Georgian reading\"\norder: 2\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\ndifficulty: beginner\ncefrLevel: A1\ncategories:\n - vowels\n - consonants\n - basic-characters\nmetadata:\n estimatedTime: 20\n prerequisites:\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-01\n learningObjectives:\n - id: obj-recognize-vowels-2\n description: \"Recognize the vowels ე and ო\"\n skill: character-recognition\n references: [eni, oni]\n - id: obj-recognize-consonants-2\n description: \"Recognize the consonants ნ and ს\"\n skill: character-recognition\n references: [nari, sani]\n - id: obj-sounds-2\n description: \"Map each new character to its sound\"\n skill: character-sound-mapping\n references: [eni, oni, nari, sani]\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Vowels & First Consonants II\n\n## Introduction\n\nIn this lesson, you add 4 more characters to your repertoire: the vowels **ე** and **ო**, and the consonants **ნ** and **ს**. Combined with Lesson 1, you will know 8 characters -- enough to read dozens of Georgian words.\n\n## Characters\n\n:::character-set{id=\"georgian-vowels-consonants-2\" title=\"Vowels & First Consonants II\"}\n\n::character{id=\"eni\" canonicalRef=\"eni\" char=\"ე\" name=\"ე ენი (Eni)\" charType=\"vowel\" data:transliteration=\"e\" data:ipa=\"ɛ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"oni\" canonicalRef=\"oni\" char=\"ო\" name=\"ო ონი (Oni)\" charType=\"vowel\" data:transliteration=\"o\" data:ipa=\"ɔ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"nari\" canonicalRef=\"nari\" char=\"ნ\" name=\"ნ ნარი (Nari)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"nasal\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"n\" data:ipa=\"n\"}\n\n::character{id=\"sani\" canonicalRef=\"sani\" char=\"ს\" name=\"ს სანი (Sani)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"fricative\" data:voicing=\"voiceless\" data:transliteration=\"s\" data:ipa=\"s\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Two More Vowels\n\nYou now know 4 of the 5 Georgian vowels. The system is beautifully symmetric:\n\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\n| ა | ანი (Ani) | /ɑ/ | \"a\" in \"father\" |\n| ე | ენი (Eni) | /ɛ/ | \"e\" in \"bed\" |\n| ი | ინი (Ini) | /i/ | \"ee\" in \"see\" |\n| ო | ონი (Oni) | /ɔ/ | \"o\" in \"or\" |\n| უ | უნი (Uni) | /u/ | \"oo\" in \"moon\" (next lesson) |\n\nGeorgian vowels are **pure** -- they do not glide or change quality. English speakers should be careful not to add a glide: ო is a pure \"o\", not \"oh-w\" as in English \"go\".\n\n## Your New Consonants\n\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Type | Like English... |\n|--------|------|-------|------|-----------------|\n| ნ | ნარი (Nari) | /n/ | nasal, voiced | \"n\" in \"no\" |\n| ს | სანი (Sani) | /s/ | fricative, voiceless | \"s\" in \"sun\" |\n\nNotice the contrast: **ნ** is voiced (vocal cords vibrate) while **ს** is voiceless. You can feel the difference by placing your fingers on your throat -- **ნ** buzzes, **ს** does not.\n\nAlso note the contrast between the two nasals you now know: **მ** (bilabial nasal, lips together) and **ნ** (alveolar nasal, tongue on ridge behind teeth).\n\n## More Georgian Words\n\nWith 8 characters (ა, ე, ი, ო, ლ, მ, ნ, ს), you can read many words:\n\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\n|------|--------------|---------|\n| ენა | e-na | language |\n| ნინო | ni-no | Nino (common Georgian name) |\n| მონა | mo-na | slave (historical term) |\n| სონე | so-ne | Sone (name) |\n| სიმინო | si-mi-no | corn |\n| ლიმონი | li-mo-ni | lemon |\n| სალამი | sa-la-mi | salami |\n\nThe word **ენა** (ena, \"language\") is especially fitting -- you are learning the Georgian ენა right now.\n\n## Georgian Names\n\nMany traditional Georgian names can be read with the letters you know. Georgian names frequently end in **-ი** for males and **-ო** or **-ა** for females, though this is a tendency rather than a strict rule.\n\nSome examples from your current character set:\n\n- **ნინო** (Nino) -- one of the most beloved Georgian names, after Saint Nino who brought Christianity to Georgia in the 4th century\n- **ანა** (Ana) -- a common female name\n- **სიმონ** (Simon) -- a traditional male name\n\n## Voiced vs. Voiceless\n\nGeorgian phonology makes a strong distinction between voiced and voiceless consonants. From the consonants you have learned so far:\n\n| Voiced | Voiceless |\n|--------|-----------|\n| ლ /l/ | ს /s/ |\n| მ /m/ | |\n| ნ /n/ | |\n\nThe voiced consonants (ლ, მ, ნ) are all **sonorants** -- sounds produced with continuous airflow. The voiceless consonant ს is a **fricative** -- air is forced through a narrow gap, creating a hissing sound.\n\nIn future lessons, you will encounter Georgian's remarkable three-way distinction among stop consonants (voiced, aspirated, ejective), which is one of the language's most distinctive features.\n\n## Key Points\n\n1. **4 of 5 vowels learned**: ა, ე, ი, ო -- only უ remains\n2. **Pure vowels**: No glides or diphthongs -- each vowel is a single, stable sound\n3. **Nasal pair**: მ (lips) vs. ნ (tongue tip) -- both are voiced nasals\n4. **Voiced vs. voiceless**: ნ buzzes, ს does not\n5. **Phonetic reading**: Every letter is pronounced, no exceptions\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-02-recognition\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Match New Characters\" skill=\"character-recognition\" tests=\"eni,oni,nari,sani\" objectiveId=\"obj-recognize-vowels-2\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Georgian character to its name\n\n- ე\n- ო\n- ნ\n- ს\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ე = Eni (the vowel \"e\")\n- ო = Oni (the vowel \"o\")\n- ნ = Nari (the consonant \"n\")\n- ს = Sani (the consonant \"s\")\n\n**Explanation:** You now know 4 of 5 Georgian vowels. The consonants ნ and ს add a nasal and a fricative to your consonant inventory, complementing ლ and მ from Lesson 1.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-02-sounds\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Sound Mapping\" skill=\"character-sound-mapping\" tests=\"eni,oni,nari,sani\" objectiveId=\"obj-sounds-2\"}\n\n**Question:** What sound does each new character make?\n\n- ე sounds like ___\n- ო sounds like ___\n- ნ sounds like ___\n- ს sounds like ___\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ე = /ɛ/ as in \"bed\"\n- ო = /ɔ/ as in \"or\"\n- ნ = /n/ as in \"no\"\n- ს = /s/ as in \"sun\"\n\n**Explanation:** Georgian vowels are pure and never glide. The consonant ნ is a voiced nasal (like English \"n\"), while ს is a voiceless fricative (like English \"s\").\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-02-word-reading\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Read Georgian Words\" skill=\"word-recognition\" tests=\"eni,nari,sani,oni\" objectiveId=\"obj-recognize-consonants-2\"}\n\n**Question:** Read the following Georgian words and give their pronunciation\n\n- ენა = ___\n- ნინო = ___\n- ლიმონი = ___\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ენა = \"ena\" (language)\n- ნინო = \"nino\" (Nino, a name)\n- ლიმონი = \"limoni\" (lemon)\n\n**Explanation:** Sound out each letter from left to right. All characters should be familiar from Lessons 1 and 2. Notice how ლიმონი uses characters from both lessons: ლ, ი (Lesson 1) and ო, ნ (Lesson 2).\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 3, you will learn the final vowel **უ** (completing all 5 Georgian vowels) and add two more consonants: **ვ** and **რ**. This will give you 11 characters and unlock even more Georgian vocabulary.\n";
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-02-CsY7a8UP.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-02\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 2 — Vowels & First Consonants II\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"2 more vowels (ე, ო) and 2 consonants (ნ, ს) — Expand your Georgian reading\\\"\\norder: 2\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n - vowels\\n - consonants\\n - basic-characters\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 20\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-alphabet-lesson-01\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-recognize-vowels-2\\n description: \\\"Recognize the vowels ე and ო\\\"\\n skill: character-recognition\\n references: [eni, oni]\\n - id: obj-recognize-consonants-2\\n description: \\\"Recognize the consonants ნ and ს\\\"\\n skill: character-recognition\\n references: [nari, sani]\\n - id: obj-sounds-2\\n description: \\\"Map each new character to its sound\\\"\\n skill: character-sound-mapping\\n references: [eni, oni, nari, sani]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Vowels & First Consonants II\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nIn this lesson, you add 4 more characters to your repertoire: the vowels **ე** and **ო**, and the consonants **ნ** and **ს**. Combined with Lesson 1, you will know 8 characters -- enough to read dozens of Georgian words.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-vowels-consonants-2\\\" title=\\\"Vowels & First Consonants II\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"eni\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"eni\\\" char=\\\"ე\\\" name=\\\"ე ენი (Eni)\\\" charType=\\\"vowel\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"e\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ɛ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"oni\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"oni\\\" char=\\\"ო\\\" name=\\\"ო ონი (Oni)\\\" charType=\\\"vowel\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"o\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ɔ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"nari\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"nari\\\" char=\\\"ნ\\\" name=\\\"ნ ნარი (Nari)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"nasal\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"n\\\" data:ipa=\\\"n\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"sani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"sani\\\" char=\\\"ს\\\" name=\\\"ს სანი (Sani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"s\\\" data:ipa=\\\"s\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Two More Vowels\\n\\nYou now know 4 of the 5 Georgian vowels. The system is beautifully symmetric:\\n\\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\\n| ა | ანი (Ani) | /ɑ/ | \\\"a\\\" in \\\"father\\\" |\\n| ე | ენი (Eni) | /ɛ/ | \\\"e\\\" in \\\"bed\\\" |\\n| ი | ინი (Ini) | /i/ | \\\"ee\\\" in \\\"see\\\" |\\n| ო | ონი (Oni) | /ɔ/ | \\\"o\\\" in \\\"or\\\" |\\n| უ | უნი (Uni) | /u/ | \\\"oo\\\" in \\\"moon\\\" (next lesson) |\\n\\nGeorgian vowels are **pure** -- they do not glide or change quality. English speakers should be careful not to add a glide: ო is a pure \\\"o\\\", not \\\"oh-w\\\" as in English \\\"go\\\".\\n\\n## Your New Consonants\\n\\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Type | Like English... |\\n|--------|------|-------|------|-----------------|\\n| ნ | ნარი (Nari) | /n/ | nasal, voiced | \\\"n\\\" in \\\"no\\\" |\\n| ს | სანი (Sani) | /s/ | fricative, voiceless | \\\"s\\\" in \\\"sun\\\" |\\n\\nNotice the contrast: **ნ** is voiced (vocal cords vibrate) while **ს** is voiceless. You can feel the difference by placing your fingers on your throat -- **ნ** buzzes, **ს** does not.\\n\\nAlso note the contrast between the two nasals you now know: **მ** (bilabial nasal, lips together) and **ნ** (alveolar nasal, tongue on ridge behind teeth).\\n\\n## More Georgian Words\\n\\nWith 8 characters (ა, ე, ი, ო, ლ, მ, ნ, ს), you can read many words:\\n\\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|------|--------------|---------|\\n| ენა | e-na | language |\\n| ნინო | ni-no | Nino (common Georgian name) |\\n| მონა | mo-na | slave (historical term) |\\n| სონე | so-ne | Sone (name) |\\n| სიმინო | si-mi-no | corn |\\n| ლიმონი | li-mo-ni | lemon |\\n| სალამი | sa-la-mi | salami |\\n\\nThe word **ენა** (ena, \\\"language\\\") is especially fitting -- you are learning the Georgian ენა right now.\\n\\n## Georgian Names\\n\\nMany traditional Georgian names can be read with the letters you know. Georgian names frequently end in **-ი** for males and **-ო** or **-ა** for females, though this is a tendency rather than a strict rule.\\n\\nSome examples from your current character set:\\n\\n- **ნინო** (Nino) -- one of the most beloved Georgian names, after Saint Nino who brought Christianity to Georgia in the 4th century\\n- **ანა** (Ana) -- a common female name\\n- **სიმონ** (Simon) -- a traditional male name\\n\\n## Voiced vs. Voiceless\\n\\nGeorgian phonology makes a strong distinction between voiced and voiceless consonants. From the consonants you have learned so far:\\n\\n| Voiced | Voiceless |\\n|--------|-----------|\\n| ლ /l/ | ს /s/ |\\n| მ /m/ | |\\n| ნ /n/ | |\\n\\nThe voiced consonants (ლ, მ, ნ) are all **sonorants** -- sounds produced with continuous airflow. The voiceless consonant ს is a **fricative** -- air is forced through a narrow gap, creating a hissing sound.\\n\\nIn future lessons, you will encounter Georgian's remarkable three-way distinction among stop consonants (voiced, aspirated, ejective), which is one of the language's most distinctive features.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **4 of 5 vowels learned**: ა, ე, ი, ო -- only უ remains\\n2. **Pure vowels**: No glides or diphthongs -- each vowel is a single, stable sound\\n3. **Nasal pair**: მ (lips) vs. ნ (tongue tip) -- both are voiced nasals\\n4. **Voiced vs. voiceless**: ნ buzzes, ს does not\\n5. **Phonetic reading**: Every letter is pronounced, no exceptions\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-02-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match New Characters\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"eni,oni,nari,sani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-vowels-2\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian character to its name\\n\\n- ე\\n- ო\\n- ნ\\n- ს\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ე = Eni (the vowel \\\"e\\\")\\n- ო = Oni (the vowel \\\"o\\\")\\n- ნ = Nari (the consonant \\\"n\\\")\\n- ს = Sani (the consonant \\\"s\\\")\\n\\n**Explanation:** You now know 4 of 5 Georgian vowels. The consonants ნ and ს add a nasal and a fricative to your consonant inventory, complementing ლ and მ from Lesson 1.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-02-sounds\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Sound Mapping\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"eni,oni,nari,sani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-sounds-2\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** What sound does each new character make?\\n\\n- ე sounds like ___\\n- ო sounds like ___\\n- ნ sounds like ___\\n- ს sounds like ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ე = /ɛ/ as in \\\"bed\\\"\\n- ო = /ɔ/ as in \\\"or\\\"\\n- ნ = /n/ as in \\\"no\\\"\\n- ს = /s/ as in \\\"sun\\\"\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian vowels are pure and never glide. The consonant ნ is a voiced nasal (like English \\\"n\\\"), while ს is a voiceless fricative (like English \\\"s\\\").\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-02-word-reading\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Read Georgian Words\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"eni,nari,sani,oni\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-consonants-2\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read the following Georgian words and give their pronunciation\\n\\n- ენა = ___\\n- ნინო = ___\\n- ლიმონი = ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ენა = \\\"ena\\\" (language)\\n- ნინო = \\\"nino\\\" (Nino, a name)\\n- ლიმონი = \\\"limoni\\\" (lemon)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Sound out each letter from left to right. All characters should be familiar from Lessons 1 and 2. Notice how ლიმონი uses characters from both lessons: ლ, ი (Lesson 1) and ო, ნ (Lesson 2).\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 3, you will learn the final vowel **უ** (completing all 5 Georgian vowels) and add two more consonants: **ვ** and **რ**. This will give you 11 characters and unlock even more Georgian vocabulary.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}
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//#region src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw
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var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-essentials-lesson-02\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 2 — თავაზიანი გამოთქმები\"\ndescription: \"Polite Expressions: Please, thank you, and sorry in Georgian\"\norder: 2\nparentId: georgian-essentials\ndifficulty: beginner\ncefrLevel: A1\ncategories:\n - politeness\n - expressions\n - basics\nmetadata:\n estimatedTime: 25\n prerequisites:\n - georgian-essentials-lesson-01\n learningObjectives:\n - id: obj-polite-thank-you\n description: \"Express thanks appropriately in Georgian\"\n skill: word-production\n - id: obj-polite-sorry-excuse\n description: \"Apologize and get attention politely\"\n skill: polite-register\n - id: obj-polite-please\n description: \"Use please and make polite requests\"\n skill: polite-register\n - id: obj-polite-respond-thanks\n description: \"Respond when someone thanks you\"\n skill: situational-response\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Polite Expressions\n\n## Introduction\n\nPoliteness in Georgian is expressed through specific words and through the structure of requests. Unlike Thai or Japanese, Georgian does not have grammaticalized politeness particles — instead, you choose specific vocabulary and verb forms. A few key words will take you a very long way.\n\n## Thank You\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"ka-thanks\" title=\"Expressing Thanks\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"madloba\" word=\"მადლობა\" pronunciation=\"mad-lo-ba\" meaning=\"Thank you\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"didi-madloba\" word=\"დიდი მადლობა\" pronunciation=\"di-di mad-lo-ba\" meaning=\"Thank you very much\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"gmadlobt\" word=\"გმადლობთ\" pronunciation=\"gma-dlobt\" meaning=\"Thank you (formal/plural)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"madlobeli-var\" word=\"მადლობელი ვარ\" pronunciation=\"mad-lo-be-li var\" meaning=\"I am grateful\"}\n\n:::\n\nThe word **მადლობა** comes from **მადლი** (madli), meaning \"grace\" or \"blessing.\" Thanking someone in Georgian is literally wishing them grace.\n\n## Responding to Thanks\n\n| Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |\n|----------|---------------|---------|\n| არაფერი | a-ra-fe-ri | You're welcome / It's nothing |\n| გთხოვთ | g-tkhovt | Please / You're welcome |\n| სიამოვნებით | si-a-mov-ne-bit | With pleasure |\n| რა თქმა უნდა | ra tkh-ma un-da | Of course |\n\n## Please and Requests\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"ka-please\" title=\"Please and Requests\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"gtkhovt\" word=\"გთხოვთ\" pronunciation=\"g-tkhovt\" meaning=\"Please (formal) / I ask you\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"gtkhovs\" word=\"გთხოვს\" pronunciation=\"g-tkhovs\" meaning=\"Please (informal, to one person)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"imit-gtkhov\" word=\"ამის მომეცით\" pronunciation=\"a-mis mo-me-tsit\" meaning=\"Please give me this\"}\n\n:::\n\nThe word **გთხოვთ** comes from the verb **სთხოვა** (stkkhova), to ask or request. It is both \"please\" and \"I ask of you.\"\n\n## Sorry and Excuse Me\n\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\"ka-sorry\" title=\"Sorry and Excuse Me\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"bodishi\" word=\"ბოდიში\" pronunciation=\"bo-di-shi\" meaning=\"Sorry / Excuse me\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"ukatsravad\" word=\"უკაცრავად\" pronunciation=\"u-kats-ra-vad\" meaning=\"Excuse me (more formal)\"}\n\n::vocab-item{id=\"mipatiet\" word=\"მიპატიეთ\" pronunciation=\"mi-pa-ti-et\" meaning=\"Forgive me / I beg your pardon\"}\n\n:::\n\n**ბოდიში** is the everyday word for both \"sorry\" and \"excuse me.\" Use it to:\n- Apologize for a small mistake\n- Get someone's attention (\"Excuse me...\")\n- Pass by someone in a crowded space\n\n**უკაცრავად** is more formal and polished. Prefer it with strangers, elders, or in professional settings.\n\n## Common Polite Exchanges\n\n**Getting attention in a shop:**\n- ბოდიში, გთხოვთ... (Excuse me, please...)\n\n**Thanking someone:**\n- A: მადლობა! (Thank you!)\n- B: არაფერი! (You're welcome!)\n\n**More heartfelt thanks:**\n- A: დიდი მადლობა! (Thank you very much!)\n- B: სიამოვნებით! (With pleasure!)\n\n**Apologizing:**\n- ბოდიში, შეცდომა დავუშვი. (Sorry, I made a mistake.)\n- A: მიპატიეთ... (I beg your pardon...)\n- B: არაფერი, გასაგებია. (No problem, it's understandable.)\n\n## Key Points\n\n1. **მადლობა for thanks**: Simple and always appropriate\n2. **დიდი intensifies**: დიდი მადლობა = thank you very much\n3. **ბოდიში for sorry and excuse me**: One word for both uses\n4. **არაფერი for you're welcome**: Literally \"it's nothing\"\n5. **გთხოვთ for formal please**: Use with strangers and elders\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-ess-02-thank-you\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Expressing Thanks\" skill=\"word-production\" objectiveId=\"obj-polite-thank-you\"}\n\n**Question:** Fill in the correct Georgian expression\n\n1. Simple thank you: ___\n2. Thank you very much: ___ ___\n3. Formal thank you: ___\n\n**Answer:**\n\n1. მადლობა\n2. დიდი მადლობა\n3. გმადლობთ\n\n**Explanation:** მადლობა is the everyday word for thanks. Add დიდი (big/great) before it to intensify. გმადლობთ is the formal/plural form used with elders, strangers, or groups.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-ess-02-sorry-excuse\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Sorry vs Excuse Me\" skill=\"polite-register\" objectiveId=\"obj-polite-sorry-excuse\"}\n\n**Question:** Match the Georgian phrase to its correct use\n\n- ბოდიში (getting attention in a shop)\n- უკაცრავად (formal apology to a superior)\n- მიპატიეთ (seeking forgiveness)\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ბოდიში → Everyday excuse me or sorry (getting attention)\n- უკაცრავად → Formal excuse me in professional or respectful situations\n- მიპატიეთ → Requesting forgiveness, heartfelt apology\n\n**Explanation:** ბოდიში is the most versatile — use it in most situations. უკაცრავად shows more deference. მიპატიეთ is stronger, asking for pardon.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-ess-02-respond-thanks\" type=\"multiple-choice\" title=\"Responding to Thanks\" skill=\"situational-response\" objectiveId=\"obj-polite-respond-thanks\"}\n\n**Question:** Someone says დიდი მადლობა to you. Which is the most natural response?\n\n**Options:**\n- გამარჯობა\n- ნახვამდის\n- სიამოვნებით\n- ბოდიში\n\n**Answer:** 3\n\n**Explanation:** სიამოვნებით means \"with pleasure\" and is a warm, natural response to thanks. არაფერი (it's nothing) is also correct. გამარჯობა is hello and ნახვამდის is goodbye — wrong context. ბოდიში means sorry.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 3, you will learn how to introduce yourself — your name, where you are from, and how to ask the same of others.\n";
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{"version":3,"file":"lesson-02-DPN3s6QY.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/essentials/lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-essentials-lesson-02\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 2 — თავაზიანი გამოთქმები\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Polite Expressions: Please, thank you, and sorry in Georgian\\\"\\norder: 2\\nparentId: georgian-essentials\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n - politeness\\n - expressions\\n - basics\\nmetadata:\\n estimatedTime: 25\\n prerequisites:\\n - georgian-essentials-lesson-01\\n learningObjectives:\\n - id: obj-polite-thank-you\\n description: \\\"Express thanks appropriately in Georgian\\\"\\n skill: word-production\\n - id: obj-polite-sorry-excuse\\n description: \\\"Apologize and get attention politely\\\"\\n skill: polite-register\\n - id: obj-polite-please\\n description: \\\"Use please and make polite requests\\\"\\n skill: polite-register\\n - id: obj-polite-respond-thanks\\n description: \\\"Respond when someone thanks you\\\"\\n skill: situational-response\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Polite Expressions\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nPoliteness in Georgian is expressed through specific words and through the structure of requests. Unlike Thai or Japanese, Georgian does not have grammaticalized politeness particles — instead, you choose specific vocabulary and verb forms. A few key words will take you a very long way.\\n\\n## Thank You\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-thanks\\\" title=\\\"Expressing Thanks\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"madloba\\\" word=\\\"მადლობა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mad-lo-ba\\\" meaning=\\\"Thank you\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"didi-madloba\\\" word=\\\"დიდი მადლობა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"di-di mad-lo-ba\\\" meaning=\\\"Thank you very much\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gmadlobt\\\" word=\\\"გმადლობთ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"gma-dlobt\\\" meaning=\\\"Thank you (formal/plural)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"madlobeli-var\\\" word=\\\"მადლობელი ვარ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mad-lo-be-li var\\\" meaning=\\\"I am grateful\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\nThe word **მადლობა** comes from **მადლი** (madli), meaning \\\"grace\\\" or \\\"blessing.\\\" Thanking someone in Georgian is literally wishing them grace.\\n\\n## Responding to Thanks\\n\\n| Georgian | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|----------|---------------|---------|\\n| არაფერი | a-ra-fe-ri | You're welcome / It's nothing |\\n| გთხოვთ | g-tkhovt | Please / You're welcome |\\n| სიამოვნებით | si-a-mov-ne-bit | With pleasure |\\n| რა თქმა უნდა | ra tkh-ma un-da | Of course |\\n\\n## Please and Requests\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-please\\\" title=\\\"Please and Requests\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gtkhovt\\\" word=\\\"გთხოვთ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"g-tkhovt\\\" meaning=\\\"Please (formal) / I ask you\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"gtkhovs\\\" word=\\\"გთხოვს\\\" pronunciation=\\\"g-tkhovs\\\" meaning=\\\"Please (informal, to one person)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"imit-gtkhov\\\" word=\\\"ამის მომეცით\\\" pronunciation=\\\"a-mis mo-me-tsit\\\" meaning=\\\"Please give me this\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\nThe word **გთხოვთ** comes from the verb **სთხოვა** (stkkhova), to ask or request. It is both \\\"please\\\" and \\\"I ask of you.\\\"\\n\\n## Sorry and Excuse Me\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-sorry\\\" title=\\\"Sorry and Excuse Me\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"bodishi\\\" word=\\\"ბოდიში\\\" pronunciation=\\\"bo-di-shi\\\" meaning=\\\"Sorry / Excuse me\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"ukatsravad\\\" word=\\\"უკაცრავად\\\" pronunciation=\\\"u-kats-ra-vad\\\" meaning=\\\"Excuse me (more formal)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"mipatiet\\\" word=\\\"მიპატიეთ\\\" pronunciation=\\\"mi-pa-ti-et\\\" meaning=\\\"Forgive me / I beg your pardon\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n**ბოდიში** is the everyday word for both \\\"sorry\\\" and \\\"excuse me.\\\" Use it to:\\n- Apologize for a small mistake\\n- Get someone's attention (\\\"Excuse me...\\\")\\n- Pass by someone in a crowded space\\n\\n**უკაცრავად** is more formal and polished. Prefer it with strangers, elders, or in professional settings.\\n\\n## Common Polite Exchanges\\n\\n**Getting attention in a shop:**\\n- ბოდიში, გთხოვთ... (Excuse me, please...)\\n\\n**Thanking someone:**\\n- A: მადლობა! (Thank you!)\\n- B: არაფერი! (You're welcome!)\\n\\n**More heartfelt thanks:**\\n- A: დიდი მადლობა! (Thank you very much!)\\n- B: სიამოვნებით! (With pleasure!)\\n\\n**Apologizing:**\\n- ბოდიში, შეცდომა დავუშვი. (Sorry, I made a mistake.)\\n- A: მიპატიეთ... (I beg your pardon...)\\n- B: არაფერი, გასაგებია. (No problem, it's understandable.)\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **მადლობა for thanks**: Simple and always appropriate\\n2. **დიდი intensifies**: დიდი მადლობა = thank you very much\\n3. **ბოდიში for sorry and excuse me**: One word for both uses\\n4. **არაფერი for you're welcome**: Literally \\\"it's nothing\\\"\\n5. **გთხოვთ for formal please**: Use with strangers and elders\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-02-thank-you\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Expressing Thanks\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-polite-thank-you\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Fill in the correct Georgian expression\\n\\n1. Simple thank you: ___\\n2. Thank you very much: ___ ___\\n3. Formal thank you: ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. მადლობა\\n2. დიდი მადლობა\\n3. გმადლობთ\\n\\n**Explanation:** მადლობა is the everyday word for thanks. Add დიდი (big/great) before it to intensify. გმადლობთ is the formal/plural form used with elders, strangers, or groups.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-02-sorry-excuse\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Sorry vs Excuse Me\\\" skill=\\\"polite-register\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-polite-sorry-excuse\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match the Georgian phrase to its correct use\\n\\n- ბოდიში (getting attention in a shop)\\n- უკაცრავად (formal apology to a superior)\\n- მიპატიეთ (seeking forgiveness)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ბოდიში → Everyday excuse me or sorry (getting attention)\\n- უკაცრავად → Formal excuse me in professional or respectful situations\\n- მიპატიეთ → Requesting forgiveness, heartfelt apology\\n\\n**Explanation:** ბოდიში is the most versatile — use it in most situations. უკაცრავად shows more deference. მიპატიეთ is stronger, asking for pardon.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-ess-02-respond-thanks\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Responding to Thanks\\\" skill=\\\"situational-response\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-polite-respond-thanks\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Someone says დიდი მადლობა to you. Which is the most natural response?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- გამარჯობა\\n- ნახვამდის\\n- სიამოვნებით\\n- ბოდიში\\n\\n**Answer:** 3\\n\\n**Explanation:** სიამოვნებით means \\\"with pleasure\\\" and is a warm, natural response to thanks. არაფერი (it's nothing) is also correct. გამარჯობა is hello and ნახვამდის is goodbye — wrong context. ბოდიში means sorry.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 3, you will learn how to introduce yourself — your name, where you are from, and how to ask the same of others.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}
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