@polyglot-bundles/ka-syllabi 0.1.10 → 0.1.12

package/dist/alphabet-BVuc_gNm.js

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//#region \0rolldown/runtime.js
+var e = Object.defineProperty, t = (t, n) => {
+	let r = {};
+	for (var i in t) e(r, i, {
+		get: t[i],
+		enumerable: !0
+	});
+	return n || e(r, Symbol.toStringTag, { value: "Module" }), r;
+};
+//#endregion
+//#region src/shared.ts
+function n(e, t) {
+	return {
+		config: e,
+		async loadLesson(n) {
+			if (n < 1 || n > e.lessonCount) throw Error(`Lesson ${n} not found. Valid range: 1-${e.lessonCount}`);
+			return {
+				number: n,
+				rawContent: (await t(n)).default
+			};
+		},
+		async loadAllLessons() {
+			let t = [];
+			for (let n = 1; n <= e.lessonCount; n++) t.push(await this.loadLesson(n));
+			return t;
+		},
+		getAvailableLessons() {
+			return Array.from({ length: e.lessonCount }, (e, t) => t + 1);
+		}
+	};
+}
+//#endregion
+//#region src/syllabi/alphabet/index.ts
+var r = /* @__PURE__ */ t({
+	config: () => i,
+	getAvailableLessons: () => l,
+	loadAllLessons: () => c,
+	loadLesson: () => s,
+	loader: () => o
+}), i = {
+	id: "ka-alphabet",
+	title: "ქართული ანბანი (Georgian Alphabet)",
+	description: "Learn the Georgian Mkhedruli script - vowels and consonants",
+	language: "ka",
+	locale: "ka-GE",
+	lessonCount: 10,
+	difficulty: "beginner",
+	cefrLevel: "A1",
+	icon: "alphabet",
+	version: "0.1.0"
+};
+async function a(e) {
+	switch (e) {
+		case 1: return import("./lesson-01-LSRt08jD.js");
+		case 2: return import("./lesson-02-CsY7a8UP.js");
+		case 3: return import("./lesson-03-BOk3ZPw_.js");
+		case 4: return import("./lesson-04-CmID-Isk.js");
+		case 5: return import("./lesson-05-eNuIBRgT.js");
+		case 6: return import("./lesson-06-CaJFtC5V.js");
+		case 7: return import("./lesson-07-Bz7RpCPe.js");
+		case 8: return import("./lesson-08-CBEhy7Ii.js");
+		case 9: return import("./lesson-09-DO01blQM.js");
+		case 10: return import("./lesson-10-DcnEGGIo.js");
+		default: throw Error(`Lesson ${e} not found`);
+	}
+}
+var o = n(i, a), s = o.loadLesson.bind(o), c = o.loadAllLessons.bind(o), l = o.getAvailableLessons.bind(o);
+//#endregion
+export { s as a, c as i, i as n, o, l as r, r as t };
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=alphabet-BVuc_gNm.js.map

package/dist/alphabet-BVuc_gNm.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"alphabet-BVuc_gNm.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/shared.ts","../src/syllabi/alphabet/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\r\n * Shared types and utilities for SYLLST content\r\n * (Inlined from @syllst/content-shared to make package self-contained)\r\n */\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * CEFR language proficiency levels\r\n */\r\nexport type CEFRLevel = 'A1' | 'A2' | 'B1' | 'B2' | 'C1' | 'C2';\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Difficulty levels\r\n */\r\nexport type Difficulty = 'beginner' | 'intermediate' | 'advanced';\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Icon types for syllabi\r\n */\r\nexport type SyllabusIcon =\r\n  | 'alphabet'\r\n  | 'dialogue'\r\n  | 'vocabulary'\r\n  | 'grammar'\r\n  | 'reading'\r\n  | 'numbers'\r\n  | 'food'\r\n  | 'travel';\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Configuration for a syllabus content package\r\n */\r\nexport interface SyllabusConfig {\r\n  /** Unique syllabus ID (e.g., \"ka-alphabet\") */\r\n  id: string;\r\n  /** Display title */\r\n  title: string;\r\n  /** Description */\r\n  description: string;\r\n  /** Language code (ISO 639-1) */\r\n  language: string;\r\n  /** Locale code (e.g., \"ka-GE\") */\r\n  locale: string;\r\n  /** Number of lessons */\r\n  lessonCount: number;\r\n  /** Difficulty level */\r\n  difficulty: Difficulty;\r\n  /** CEFR level */\r\n  cefrLevel: CEFRLevel;\r\n  /** Icon for display */\r\n  icon?: SyllabusIcon;\r\n  /** Package version */\r\n  version: string;\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Result of loading a lesson\r\n */\r\nexport interface LoadedLesson {\r\n  /** Lesson number (1-indexed) */\r\n  number: number;\r\n  /** Raw MDX content */\r\n  rawContent: string;\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Content loader interface\r\n */\r\nexport interface ContentLoader {\r\n  /** Syllabus configuration */\r\n  config: SyllabusConfig;\r\n  /** Load a single lesson by number */\r\n  loadLesson(lessonNumber: number): Promise<LoadedLesson>;\r\n  /** Load all lessons */\r\n  loadAllLessons(): Promise<LoadedLesson[]>;\r\n  /** Get list of available lesson numbers */\r\n  getAvailableLessons(): number[];\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Create a content loader from config and lesson loader function\r\n */\r\nexport function createContentLoader(\r\n  config: SyllabusConfig,\r\n  loadLessonMDX: (lessonNumber: number) => Promise<{ default: string }>\r\n): ContentLoader {\r\n  return {\r\n    config,\r\n\r\n    async loadLesson(lessonNumber: number): Promise<LoadedLesson> {\r\n      if (lessonNumber < 1 || lessonNumber > config.lessonCount) {\r\n        throw new Error(`Lesson ${lessonNumber} not found. Valid range: 1-${config.lessonCount}`);\r\n      }\r\n      const module = await loadLessonMDX(lessonNumber);\r\n      return {\r\n        number: lessonNumber,\r\n        rawContent: module.default,\r\n      };\r\n    },\r\n\r\n    async loadAllLessons(): Promise<LoadedLesson[]> {\r\n      const lessons: LoadedLesson[] = [];\r\n      for (let i = 1; i <= config.lessonCount; i++) {\r\n        lessons.push(await this.loadLesson(i));\r\n      }\r\n      return lessons;\r\n    },\r\n\r\n    getAvailableLessons(): number[] {\r\n      return Array.from({ length: config.lessonCount }, (_, i) => i + 1);\r\n    },\r\n  };\r\n}\r\n","/**\n * Georgian Alphabet syllabus\n */\n\nimport { createContentLoader, type SyllabusConfig, type ContentLoader } from '../../shared.js';\n\nexport const config: SyllabusConfig = {\n  id: 'ka-alphabet',\n  title: 'ქართული ანბანი (Georgian Alphabet)',\n  description: 'Learn the Georgian Mkhedruli script - vowels and consonants',\n  language: 'ka',\n  locale: 'ka-GE',\n  lessonCount: 10,\n  difficulty: 'beginner',\n  cefrLevel: 'A1',\n  icon: 'alphabet',\n  version: '0.1.0',\n};\n\nasync function loadLessonMDX(lessonNumber: number) {\n  switch (lessonNumber) {\n    case 1: return import('./lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw');\n    case 2: return import('./lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw');\n    case 3: return import('./lessons/lesson-03.mdx?raw');\n    case 4: return import('./lessons/lesson-04.mdx?raw');\n    case 5: return import('./lessons/lesson-05.mdx?raw');\n    case 6: return import('./lessons/lesson-06.mdx?raw');\n    case 7: return import('./lessons/lesson-07.mdx?raw');\n    case 8: return import('./lessons/lesson-08.mdx?raw');\n    case 9: return import('./lessons/lesson-09.mdx?raw');\n    case 10: return import('./lessons/lesson-10.mdx?raw');\n    default: throw new Error(`Lesson ${lessonNumber} not found`);\n  }\n}\n\nexport const loader: ContentLoader = createContentLoader(config, loadLessonMDX);\nexport const loadLesson = loader.loadLesson.bind(loader);\nexport const loadAllLessons = loader.loadAllLessons.bind(loader);\nexport const getAvailableLessons = loader.getAvailableLessons.bind(loader);\n"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;;;;AAiFA,SAAgB,EACd,GACA,GACe;AACf,QAAO;EACL;EAEA,MAAM,WAAW,GAA6C;AAC5D,OAAI,IAAe,KAAK,IAAe,EAAO,YAC5C,OAAU,MAAM,UAAU,EAAa,6BAA6B,EAAO,cAAc;AAG3F,UAAO;IACL,QAAQ;IACR,aAHa,MAAM,EAAc,EAAa,EAG3B;IACpB;;EAGH,MAAM,iBAA0C;GAC9C,IAAM,IAA0B,EAAE;AAClC,QAAK,IAAI,IAAI,GAAG,KAAK,EAAO,aAAa,IACvC,GAAQ,KAAK,MAAM,KAAK,WAAW,EAAE,CAAC;AAExC,UAAO;;EAGT,sBAAgC;AAC9B,UAAO,MAAM,KAAK,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAO,aAAa,GAAG,GAAG,MAAM,IAAI,EAAE;;EAErE;;;;;;;;;;ICxGU,IAAyB;CACpC,IAAI;CACJ,OAAO;CACP,aAAa;CACb,UAAU;CACV,QAAQ;CACR,aAAa;CACb,YAAY;CACZ,WAAW;CACX,MAAM;CACN,SAAS;CACV;AAED,eAAe,EAAc,GAAsB;AACjD,SAAQ,GAAR;EACE,KAAK,EAAG,QAAO,OAAO;EACtB,KAAK,EAAG,QAAO,OAAO;EACtB,KAAK,EAAG,QAAO,OAAO;EACtB,KAAK,EAAG,QAAO,OAAO;EACtB,KAAK,EAAG,QAAO,OAAO;EACtB,KAAK,EAAG,QAAO,OAAO;EACtB,KAAK,EAAG,QAAO,OAAO;EACtB,KAAK,EAAG,QAAO,OAAO;EACtB,KAAK,EAAG,QAAO,OAAO;EACtB,KAAK,GAAI,QAAO,OAAO;EACvB,QAAS,OAAU,MAAM,UAAU,EAAa,YAAY;;;AAIhE,IAAa,IAAwB,EAAoB,GAAQ,EAAc,EAClE,IAAa,EAAO,WAAW,KAAK,EAAO,EAC3C,IAAiB,EAAO,eAAe,KAAK,EAAO,EACnD,IAAsB,EAAO,oBAAoB,KAAK,EAAO"}

package/dist/index.js

@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
-import { c as t } from "./index-D9QQnpu5.js";
-import { i as l, l as p } from "./index-D9QQnpu5.js";
-const i = [
-  t
-];
-function e(a) {
-  return i.find((o) => o.id === a);
+import { n as e, o as t, t as n } from "./alphabet-BVuc_gNm.js";
+//#region src/index.ts
+var r = [e];
+function i(e) {
+	return r.find((t) => t.id === e);
 }
-export {
-  i as allConfigs,
-  l as alphabet,
-  t as alphabetConfig,
-  p as alphabetLoader,
-  e as getConfigById
-};
-//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map
+//#endregion
+export { r as allConfigs, n as alphabet, e as alphabetConfig, t as alphabetLoader, i as getConfigById };
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map

package/dist/index.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"index.js","sources":["../src/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * @syllst/ka\n *\n * Georgian SYLLST content package.\n * Contains Georgian language syllabi: alphabet (Mkhedruli script).\n */\n\n// Re-export all syllabi\nexport * as alphabet from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\n\n// Re-export configs for convenience\nexport { config as alphabetConfig } from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\n\n// Re-export loaders for convenience\nexport { loader as alphabetLoader } from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\n\n// Re-export types from shared\nexport type { SyllabusConfig, ContentLoader, LoadedLesson } from './shared.js';\n\n// Export all configs as array for iteration\nimport { config as alphabetConfig } from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\n\nimport type { SyllabusConfig } from './shared.js';\n\n/**\n * All Georgian syllabi configurations\n */\nexport const allConfigs: SyllabusConfig[] = [\n  alphabetConfig,\n];\n\n/**\n * Get a syllabus config by ID\n */\nexport function getConfigById(id: string): SyllabusConfig | undefined {\n  return allConfigs.find(c => c.id === id);\n}\n"],"names":["allConfigs","alphabetConfig","getConfigById","id","c"],"mappings":";;AA2BO,MAAMA,IAA+B;AAAA,EAC1CC;AACF;AAKO,SAASC,EAAcC,GAAwC;AACpE,SAAOH,EAAW,KAAK,CAAAI,MAAKA,EAAE,OAAOD,CAAE;AACzC;"}
+{"version":3,"file":"index.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * @syllst/ka\n *\n * Georgian SYLLST content package.\n * Contains Georgian language syllabi: alphabet (Mkhedruli script).\n */\n\n// Re-export all syllabi\nexport * as alphabet from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\n\n// Re-export configs for convenience\nexport { config as alphabetConfig } from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\n\n// Re-export loaders for convenience\nexport { loader as alphabetLoader } from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\n\n// Re-export types from shared\nexport type { SyllabusConfig, ContentLoader, LoadedLesson } from './shared.js';\n\n// Export all configs as array for iteration\nimport { config as alphabetConfig } from './syllabi/alphabet/index.js';\n\nimport type { SyllabusConfig } from './shared.js';\n\n/**\n * All Georgian syllabi configurations\n */\nexport const allConfigs: SyllabusConfig[] = [\n  alphabetConfig,\n];\n\n/**\n * Get a syllabus config by ID\n */\nexport function getConfigById(id: string): SyllabusConfig | undefined {\n  return allConfigs.find(c => c.id === id);\n}\n"],"mappings":";;AA2BA,IAAa,IAA+B,CAC1C,EACD;AAKD,SAAgB,EAAc,GAAwC;AACpE,QAAO,EAAW,MAAK,MAAK,EAAE,OAAO,EAAG"}

package/dist/lesson-01-LSRt08jD.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//#region src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw
+var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-01\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 1 — Vowels & First Consonants I\"\ndescription: \"First 2 vowels (ა, ი) and 2 common consonants (ლ, მ) — Begin reading Georgian immediately\"\norder: 1\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\ndifficulty: beginner\ncefrLevel: A1\ncategories:\n  - vowels\n  - consonants\n  - basic-characters\nmetadata:\n  estimatedTime: 20\n  prerequisites: []\n  learningObjectives:\n    - id: obj-recognize-vowels-1\n      description: \"Recognize the vowels ა and ი\"\n      skill: character-recognition\n      references: [ani, ini]\n    - id: obj-recognize-consonants-1\n      description: \"Recognize the consonants ლ and მ\"\n      skill: character-recognition\n      references: [lasi, mani]\n    - id: obj-sounds-1\n      description: \"Map each character to its sound\"\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\n      references: [ani, ini, lasi, mani]\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Vowels & First Consonants I\n\n## Introduction\n\nWelcome to the Georgian alphabet, known as **მხედრული** (Mkhedruli). Georgian is one of only 14 languages in the world with its own unique writing system. Unlike Latin, Cyrillic, or Arabic scripts, the Georgian alphabet has no uppercase or lowercase forms -- every letter has just one shape.\n\nIn this first lesson, you will learn 4 characters: 2 vowels and 2 of the most common consonants. With just these 4 letters, you can already form simple Georgian words.\n\n## The Georgian Alphabet at a Glance\n\nThe modern Georgian alphabet has **33 letters**: 5 vowels and 28 consonants. Each letter represents exactly one sound, making Georgian remarkably phonetic. What you see is what you say.\n\nKey features:\n\n- **No capital letters** -- Georgian is unicameral\n- **One letter = one sound** -- no digraphs or silent letters\n- **Left to right** -- same direction as English\n- **Rounded shapes** -- the script is known for its elegant curves\n\n## Characters\n\n:::character-set{id=\"georgian-vowels-consonants-1\" title=\"Vowels & First Consonants I\"}\n\n::character{id=\"ani\" canonicalRef=\"ani\" char=\"ა\" name=\"ა ანი (Ani)\" charType=\"vowel\" data:transliteration=\"a\" data:ipa=\"ɑ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"ini\" canonicalRef=\"ini\" char=\"ი\" name=\"ი ინი (Ini)\" charType=\"vowel\" data:transliteration=\"i\" data:ipa=\"i\"}\n\n::character{id=\"lasi\" canonicalRef=\"lasi\" char=\"ლ\" name=\"ლ ლასი (Lasi)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"liquid\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"l\" data:ipa=\"l\"}\n\n::character{id=\"mani\" canonicalRef=\"mani\" char=\"მ\" name=\"მ მანი (Mani)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"nasal\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"m\" data:ipa=\"m\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Georgian Vowels: Pure and Simple\n\nGeorgian has only **5 vowels**: ა (a), ე (e), ი (i), ო (o), უ (u). This is the same 5-vowel system found in Spanish, Japanese, and many other languages. Each vowel is always pronounced the same way, with no reduction or changes based on stress.\n\nToday you learn the first two:\n\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\n| ა | ანი (Ani) | /ɑ/ | \"a\" in \"father\" |\n| ი | ინი (Ini) | /i/ | \"ee\" in \"see\" |\n\n## Your First Consonants\n\nThe consonants ლ (Lasi) and მ (Mani) are among the most frequently used in Georgian. Both are **voiced sonorants**, meaning they are produced with vocal cord vibration and continuous airflow.\n\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\n| ლ | ლასი (Lasi) | /l/ | \"l\" in \"like\" |\n| მ | მანი (Mani) | /m/ | \"m\" in \"moon\" |\n\n## Your First Georgian Words\n\nWith just 4 letters, you can already read these words:\n\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\n|------|--------------|---------|\n| ალი | a-li | Ali (name) |\n| მალი | ma-li | soon |\n| ილა | i-la | Ila (name) |\n| მილი | mi-li | pipe |\n| ლამი | la-mi | silt, mud |\n\nTry reading each word letter by letter. Georgian is perfectly phonetic, so sound out each character from left to right.\n\n## Reading Strategy\n\nSince Georgian is fully phonetic:\n\n1. **Identify each letter** from left to right\n2. **Sound out each one** -- every letter is always pronounced\n3. **Blend the sounds together** -- there are no silent letters or special combinations\n\nFor example, **მილი** is read as: მ (m) + ი (i) + ლ (l) + ი (i) = \"mili\"\n\n## Shape Recognition Tips\n\n- **ა** has a distinctive round loop shape, open on the right\n- **ი** is a small vertical stroke, one of the simplest Georgian letters\n- **ლ** curves upward with a loop, reaching above the baseline\n- **მ** sits mostly on the baseline with a rounded top\n\n## Key Points\n\n1. **Georgian is phonetic**: Each letter always represents the same sound\n2. **No uppercase/lowercase**: Every letter has just one form\n3. **5 vowels total**: You have learned 2 of 5 (ა, ი)\n4. **Sonorant consonants**: ლ and მ are voiced and easy to pronounce\n5. **Read left to right**: Same direction as English\n\n## Practice Recognition\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-01-recognition\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Match Characters to Sounds\" skill=\"character-recognition\" tests=\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\" objectiveId=\"obj-recognize-vowels-1\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Georgian character to its romanized name\n\n- ა\n- ი\n- ლ\n- მ\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ა = Ani (the vowel \"a\")\n- ი = Ini (the vowel \"i\")\n- ლ = Lasi (the consonant \"l\")\n- მ = Mani (the consonant \"m\")\n\n**Explanation:** These are the first 4 letters you learn. Notice how ა and ი are vowels (pure sounds), while ლ and მ are consonants. Each Georgian letter name ends in \"-i\" by convention.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-01-sounds\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Sound Mapping\" skill=\"character-sound-mapping\" tests=\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\" objectiveId=\"obj-sounds-1\"}\n\n**Question:** What sound does each character make?\n\n- ა sounds like ___\n- ი sounds like ___\n- ლ sounds like ___\n- მ sounds like ___\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ა = /ɑ/ as in \"father\"\n- ი = /i/ as in \"see\"\n- ლ = /l/ as in \"like\"\n- მ = /m/ as in \"moon\"\n\n**Explanation:** Georgian is perfectly phonetic. Each letter always makes exactly one sound. There are no exceptions or context-dependent changes for these characters.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-01-word-reading\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Read Simple Words\" skill=\"word-recognition\" tests=\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\" objectiveId=\"obj-recognize-consonants-1\"}\n\n**Question:** Read the following Georgian words and give their pronunciation\n\n- მალი = ___\n- ილა = ___\n- მილი = ___\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- მალი = \"mali\" (soon)\n- ილა = \"ila\" (name)\n- მილი = \"mili\" (pipe)\n\n**Explanation:** Sound out each letter from left to right. Georgian has no silent letters and no special letter combinations. Every letter is pronounced exactly as you learned it.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 2, you will learn 2 more vowels (ე, ო) and 2 more consonants (ნ, ს), giving you enough characters to read many common Georgian words including ენა (language).\n";
+//#endregion
+export { e as default };
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-01-LSRt08jD.js.map

package/dist/lesson-01-LSRt08jD.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-01-LSRt08jD.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-01.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-01\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 1 — Vowels & First Consonants I\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"First 2 vowels (ა, ი) and 2 common consonants (ლ, მ) — Begin reading Georgian immediately\\\"\\norder: 1\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - vowels\\n  - consonants\\n  - basic-characters\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 20\\n  prerequisites: []\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-recognize-vowels-1\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the vowels ა and ი\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [ani, ini]\\n    - id: obj-recognize-consonants-1\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the consonants ლ and მ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [lasi, mani]\\n    - id: obj-sounds-1\\n      description: \\\"Map each character to its sound\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [ani, ini, lasi, mani]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 1 (Lesson 1) — Vowels & First Consonants I\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nWelcome to the Georgian alphabet, known as **მხედრული** (Mkhedruli). Georgian is one of only 14 languages in the world with its own unique writing system. Unlike Latin, Cyrillic, or Arabic scripts, the Georgian alphabet has no uppercase or lowercase forms -- every letter has just one shape.\\n\\nIn this first lesson, you will learn 4 characters: 2 vowels and 2 of the most common consonants. With just these 4 letters, you can already form simple Georgian words.\\n\\n## The Georgian Alphabet at a Glance\\n\\nThe modern Georgian alphabet has **33 letters**: 5 vowels and 28 consonants. Each letter represents exactly one sound, making Georgian remarkably phonetic. What you see is what you say.\\n\\nKey features:\\n\\n- **No capital letters** -- Georgian is unicameral\\n- **One letter = one sound** -- no digraphs or silent letters\\n- **Left to right** -- same direction as English\\n- **Rounded shapes** -- the script is known for its elegant curves\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-vowels-consonants-1\\\" title=\\\"Vowels & First Consonants I\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"ani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"ani\\\" char=\\\"ა\\\" name=\\\"ა ანი (Ani)\\\" charType=\\\"vowel\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"a\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ɑ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"ini\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"ini\\\" char=\\\"ი\\\" name=\\\"ი ინი (Ini)\\\" charType=\\\"vowel\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"i\\\" data:ipa=\\\"i\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"lasi\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"lasi\\\" char=\\\"ლ\\\" name=\\\"ლ ლასი (Lasi)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"liquid\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"l\\\" data:ipa=\\\"l\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"mani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"mani\\\" char=\\\"მ\\\" name=\\\"მ მანი (Mani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"nasal\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"m\\\" data:ipa=\\\"m\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Georgian Vowels: Pure and Simple\\n\\nGeorgian has only **5 vowels**: ა (a), ე (e), ი (i), ო (o), უ (u). This is the same 5-vowel system found in Spanish, Japanese, and many other languages. Each vowel is always pronounced the same way, with no reduction or changes based on stress.\\n\\nToday you learn the first two:\\n\\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\\n| ა | ანი (Ani) | /ɑ/ | \\\"a\\\" in \\\"father\\\" |\\n| ი | ინი (Ini) | /i/ | \\\"ee\\\" in \\\"see\\\" |\\n\\n## Your First Consonants\\n\\nThe consonants ლ (Lasi) and მ (Mani) are among the most frequently used in Georgian. Both are **voiced sonorants**, meaning they are produced with vocal cord vibration and continuous airflow.\\n\\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\\n| ლ | ლასი (Lasi) | /l/ | \\\"l\\\" in \\\"like\\\" |\\n| მ | მანი (Mani) | /m/ | \\\"m\\\" in \\\"moon\\\" |\\n\\n## Your First Georgian Words\\n\\nWith just 4 letters, you can already read these words:\\n\\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|------|--------------|---------|\\n| ალი | a-li | Ali (name) |\\n| მალი | ma-li | soon |\\n| ილა | i-la | Ila (name) |\\n| მილი | mi-li | pipe |\\n| ლამი | la-mi | silt, mud |\\n\\nTry reading each word letter by letter. Georgian is perfectly phonetic, so sound out each character from left to right.\\n\\n## Reading Strategy\\n\\nSince Georgian is fully phonetic:\\n\\n1. **Identify each letter** from left to right\\n2. **Sound out each one** -- every letter is always pronounced\\n3. **Blend the sounds together** -- there are no silent letters or special combinations\\n\\nFor example, **მილი** is read as: მ (m) + ი (i) + ლ (l) + ი (i) = \\\"mili\\\"\\n\\n## Shape Recognition Tips\\n\\n- **ა** has a distinctive round loop shape, open on the right\\n- **ი** is a small vertical stroke, one of the simplest Georgian letters\\n- **ლ** curves upward with a loop, reaching above the baseline\\n- **მ** sits mostly on the baseline with a rounded top\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **Georgian is phonetic**: Each letter always represents the same sound\\n2. **No uppercase/lowercase**: Every letter has just one form\\n3. **5 vowels total**: You have learned 2 of 5 (ა, ი)\\n4. **Sonorant consonants**: ლ and მ are voiced and easy to pronounce\\n5. **Read left to right**: Same direction as English\\n\\n## Practice Recognition\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-01-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match Characters to Sounds\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-vowels-1\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian character to its romanized name\\n\\n- ა\\n- ი\\n- ლ\\n- მ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ა = Ani (the vowel \\\"a\\\")\\n- ი = Ini (the vowel \\\"i\\\")\\n- ლ = Lasi (the consonant \\\"l\\\")\\n- მ = Mani (the consonant \\\"m\\\")\\n\\n**Explanation:** These are the first 4 letters you learn. Notice how ა and ი are vowels (pure sounds), while ლ and მ are consonants. Each Georgian letter name ends in \\\"-i\\\" by convention.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-01-sounds\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Sound Mapping\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-sounds-1\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** What sound does each character make?\\n\\n- ა sounds like ___\\n- ი sounds like ___\\n- ლ sounds like ___\\n- მ sounds like ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ა = /ɑ/ as in \\\"father\\\"\\n- ი = /i/ as in \\\"see\\\"\\n- ლ = /l/ as in \\\"like\\\"\\n- მ = /m/ as in \\\"moon\\\"\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian is perfectly phonetic. Each letter always makes exactly one sound. There are no exceptions or context-dependent changes for these characters.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-01-word-reading\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Read Simple Words\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"ani,ini,lasi,mani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-consonants-1\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read the following Georgian words and give their pronunciation\\n\\n- მალი = ___\\n- ილა = ___\\n- მილი = ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- მალი = \\\"mali\\\" (soon)\\n- ილა = \\\"ila\\\" (name)\\n- მილი = \\\"mili\\\" (pipe)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Sound out each letter from left to right. Georgian has no silent letters and no special letter combinations. Every letter is pronounced exactly as you learned it.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 2, you will learn 2 more vowels (ე, ო) and 2 more consonants (ნ, ს), giving you enough characters to read many common Georgian words including ენა (language).\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}

package/dist/lesson-02-CsY7a8UP.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//#region src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw
+var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-02\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 2 — Vowels & First Consonants II\"\ndescription: \"2 more vowels (ე, ო) and 2 consonants (ნ, ს) — Expand your Georgian reading\"\norder: 2\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\ndifficulty: beginner\ncefrLevel: A1\ncategories:\n  - vowels\n  - consonants\n  - basic-characters\nmetadata:\n  estimatedTime: 20\n  prerequisites:\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-01\n  learningObjectives:\n    - id: obj-recognize-vowels-2\n      description: \"Recognize the vowels ე and ო\"\n      skill: character-recognition\n      references: [eni, oni]\n    - id: obj-recognize-consonants-2\n      description: \"Recognize the consonants ნ and ს\"\n      skill: character-recognition\n      references: [nari, sani]\n    - id: obj-sounds-2\n      description: \"Map each new character to its sound\"\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\n      references: [eni, oni, nari, sani]\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Vowels & First Consonants II\n\n## Introduction\n\nIn this lesson, you add 4 more characters to your repertoire: the vowels **ე** and **ო**, and the consonants **ნ** and **ს**. Combined with Lesson 1, you will know 8 characters -- enough to read dozens of Georgian words.\n\n## Characters\n\n:::character-set{id=\"georgian-vowels-consonants-2\" title=\"Vowels & First Consonants II\"}\n\n::character{id=\"eni\" canonicalRef=\"eni\" char=\"ე\" name=\"ე ენი (Eni)\" charType=\"vowel\" data:transliteration=\"e\" data:ipa=\"ɛ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"oni\" canonicalRef=\"oni\" char=\"ო\" name=\"ო ონი (Oni)\" charType=\"vowel\" data:transliteration=\"o\" data:ipa=\"ɔ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"nari\" canonicalRef=\"nari\" char=\"ნ\" name=\"ნ ნარი (Nari)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"nasal\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"n\" data:ipa=\"n\"}\n\n::character{id=\"sani\" canonicalRef=\"sani\" char=\"ს\" name=\"ს სანი (Sani)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"fricative\" data:voicing=\"voiceless\" data:transliteration=\"s\" data:ipa=\"s\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Two More Vowels\n\nYou now know 4 of the 5 Georgian vowels. The system is beautifully symmetric:\n\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\n| ა | ანი (Ani) | /ɑ/ | \"a\" in \"father\" |\n| ე | ენი (Eni) | /ɛ/ | \"e\" in \"bed\" |\n| ი | ინი (Ini) | /i/ | \"ee\" in \"see\" |\n| ო | ონი (Oni) | /ɔ/ | \"o\" in \"or\" |\n| უ | უნი (Uni) | /u/ | \"oo\" in \"moon\" (next lesson) |\n\nGeorgian vowels are **pure** -- they do not glide or change quality. English speakers should be careful not to add a glide: ო is a pure \"o\", not \"oh-w\" as in English \"go\".\n\n## Your New Consonants\n\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Type | Like English... |\n|--------|------|-------|------|-----------------|\n| ნ | ნარი (Nari) | /n/ | nasal, voiced | \"n\" in \"no\" |\n| ს | სანი (Sani) | /s/ | fricative, voiceless | \"s\" in \"sun\" |\n\nNotice the contrast: **ნ** is voiced (vocal cords vibrate) while **ს** is voiceless. You can feel the difference by placing your fingers on your throat -- **ნ** buzzes, **ს** does not.\n\nAlso note the contrast between the two nasals you now know: **მ** (bilabial nasal, lips together) and **ნ** (alveolar nasal, tongue on ridge behind teeth).\n\n## More Georgian Words\n\nWith 8 characters (ა, ე, ი, ო, ლ, მ, ნ, ს), you can read many words:\n\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\n|------|--------------|---------|\n| ენა | e-na | language |\n| ნინო | ni-no | Nino (common Georgian name) |\n| მონა | mo-na | slave (historical term) |\n| სონე | so-ne | Sone (name) |\n| სიმინო | si-mi-no | corn |\n| ლიმონი | li-mo-ni | lemon |\n| სალამი | sa-la-mi | salami |\n\nThe word **ენა** (ena, \"language\") is especially fitting -- you are learning the Georgian ენა right now.\n\n## Georgian Names\n\nMany traditional Georgian names can be read with the letters you know. Georgian names frequently end in **-ი** for males and **-ო** or **-ა** for females, though this is a tendency rather than a strict rule.\n\nSome examples from your current character set:\n\n- **ნინო** (Nino) -- one of the most beloved Georgian names, after Saint Nino who brought Christianity to Georgia in the 4th century\n- **ანა** (Ana) -- a common female name\n- **სიმონ** (Simon) -- a traditional male name\n\n## Voiced vs. Voiceless\n\nGeorgian phonology makes a strong distinction between voiced and voiceless consonants. From the consonants you have learned so far:\n\n| Voiced | Voiceless |\n|--------|-----------|\n| ლ /l/ | ს /s/ |\n| მ /m/ | |\n| ნ /n/ | |\n\nThe voiced consonants (ლ, მ, ნ) are all **sonorants** -- sounds produced with continuous airflow. The voiceless consonant ს is a **fricative** -- air is forced through a narrow gap, creating a hissing sound.\n\nIn future lessons, you will encounter Georgian's remarkable three-way distinction among stop consonants (voiced, aspirated, ejective), which is one of the language's most distinctive features.\n\n## Key Points\n\n1. **4 of 5 vowels learned**: ა, ე, ი, ო -- only უ remains\n2. **Pure vowels**: No glides or diphthongs -- each vowel is a single, stable sound\n3. **Nasal pair**: მ (lips) vs. ნ (tongue tip) -- both are voiced nasals\n4. **Voiced vs. voiceless**: ნ buzzes, ს does not\n5. **Phonetic reading**: Every letter is pronounced, no exceptions\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-02-recognition\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Match New Characters\" skill=\"character-recognition\" tests=\"eni,oni,nari,sani\" objectiveId=\"obj-recognize-vowels-2\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Georgian character to its name\n\n- ე\n- ო\n- ნ\n- ს\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ე = Eni (the vowel \"e\")\n- ო = Oni (the vowel \"o\")\n- ნ = Nari (the consonant \"n\")\n- ს = Sani (the consonant \"s\")\n\n**Explanation:** You now know 4 of 5 Georgian vowels. The consonants ნ and ს add a nasal and a fricative to your consonant inventory, complementing ლ and მ from Lesson 1.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-02-sounds\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Sound Mapping\" skill=\"character-sound-mapping\" tests=\"eni,oni,nari,sani\" objectiveId=\"obj-sounds-2\"}\n\n**Question:** What sound does each new character make?\n\n- ე sounds like ___\n- ო sounds like ___\n- ნ sounds like ___\n- ს sounds like ___\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ე = /ɛ/ as in \"bed\"\n- ო = /ɔ/ as in \"or\"\n- ნ = /n/ as in \"no\"\n- ს = /s/ as in \"sun\"\n\n**Explanation:** Georgian vowels are pure and never glide. The consonant ნ is a voiced nasal (like English \"n\"), while ს is a voiceless fricative (like English \"s\").\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-02-word-reading\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Read Georgian Words\" skill=\"word-recognition\" tests=\"eni,nari,sani,oni\" objectiveId=\"obj-recognize-consonants-2\"}\n\n**Question:** Read the following Georgian words and give their pronunciation\n\n- ენა = ___\n- ნინო = ___\n- ლიმონი = ___\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ენა = \"ena\" (language)\n- ნინო = \"nino\" (Nino, a name)\n- ლიმონი = \"limoni\" (lemon)\n\n**Explanation:** Sound out each letter from left to right. All characters should be familiar from Lessons 1 and 2. Notice how ლიმონი uses characters from both lessons: ლ, ი (Lesson 1) and ო, ნ (Lesson 2).\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 3, you will learn the final vowel **უ** (completing all 5 Georgian vowels) and add two more consonants: **ვ** and **რ**. This will give you 11 characters and unlock even more Georgian vocabulary.\n";
+//#endregion
+export { e as default };
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-02-CsY7a8UP.js.map

package/dist/lesson-02-CsY7a8UP.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-02-CsY7a8UP.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-02.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-02\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 2 — Vowels & First Consonants II\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"2 more vowels (ე, ო) and 2 consonants (ნ, ს) — Expand your Georgian reading\\\"\\norder: 2\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - vowels\\n  - consonants\\n  - basic-characters\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 20\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-01\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-recognize-vowels-2\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the vowels ე and ო\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [eni, oni]\\n    - id: obj-recognize-consonants-2\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the consonants ნ and ს\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [nari, sani]\\n    - id: obj-sounds-2\\n      description: \\\"Map each new character to its sound\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [eni, oni, nari, sani]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 2 (Lesson 2) — Vowels & First Consonants II\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nIn this lesson, you add 4 more characters to your repertoire: the vowels **ე** and **ო**, and the consonants **ნ** and **ს**. Combined with Lesson 1, you will know 8 characters -- enough to read dozens of Georgian words.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-vowels-consonants-2\\\" title=\\\"Vowels & First Consonants II\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"eni\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"eni\\\" char=\\\"ე\\\" name=\\\"ე ენი (Eni)\\\" charType=\\\"vowel\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"e\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ɛ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"oni\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"oni\\\" char=\\\"ო\\\" name=\\\"ო ონი (Oni)\\\" charType=\\\"vowel\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"o\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ɔ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"nari\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"nari\\\" char=\\\"ნ\\\" name=\\\"ნ ნარი (Nari)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"nasal\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"n\\\" data:ipa=\\\"n\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"sani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"sani\\\" char=\\\"ს\\\" name=\\\"ს სანი (Sani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"s\\\" data:ipa=\\\"s\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Two More Vowels\\n\\nYou now know 4 of the 5 Georgian vowels. The system is beautifully symmetric:\\n\\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Like English... |\\n|--------|------|-------|-----------------|\\n| ა | ანი (Ani) | /ɑ/ | \\\"a\\\" in \\\"father\\\" |\\n| ე | ენი (Eni) | /ɛ/ | \\\"e\\\" in \\\"bed\\\" |\\n| ი | ინი (Ini) | /i/ | \\\"ee\\\" in \\\"see\\\" |\\n| ო | ონი (Oni) | /ɔ/ | \\\"o\\\" in \\\"or\\\" |\\n| უ | უნი (Uni) | /u/ | \\\"oo\\\" in \\\"moon\\\" (next lesson) |\\n\\nGeorgian vowels are **pure** -- they do not glide or change quality. English speakers should be careful not to add a glide: ო is a pure \\\"o\\\", not \\\"oh-w\\\" as in English \\\"go\\\".\\n\\n## Your New Consonants\\n\\n| Letter | Name | Sound | Type | Like English... |\\n|--------|------|-------|------|-----------------|\\n| ნ | ნარი (Nari) | /n/ | nasal, voiced | \\\"n\\\" in \\\"no\\\" |\\n| ს | სანი (Sani) | /s/ | fricative, voiceless | \\\"s\\\" in \\\"sun\\\" |\\n\\nNotice the contrast: **ნ** is voiced (vocal cords vibrate) while **ს** is voiceless. You can feel the difference by placing your fingers on your throat -- **ნ** buzzes, **ს** does not.\\n\\nAlso note the contrast between the two nasals you now know: **მ** (bilabial nasal, lips together) and **ნ** (alveolar nasal, tongue on ridge behind teeth).\\n\\n## More Georgian Words\\n\\nWith 8 characters (ა, ე, ი, ო, ლ, მ, ნ, ს), you can read many words:\\n\\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|------|--------------|---------|\\n| ენა | e-na | language |\\n| ნინო | ni-no | Nino (common Georgian name) |\\n| მონა | mo-na | slave (historical term) |\\n| სონე | so-ne | Sone (name) |\\n| სიმინო | si-mi-no | corn |\\n| ლიმონი | li-mo-ni | lemon |\\n| სალამი | sa-la-mi | salami |\\n\\nThe word **ენა** (ena, \\\"language\\\") is especially fitting -- you are learning the Georgian ენა right now.\\n\\n## Georgian Names\\n\\nMany traditional Georgian names can be read with the letters you know. Georgian names frequently end in **-ი** for males and **-ო** or **-ა** for females, though this is a tendency rather than a strict rule.\\n\\nSome examples from your current character set:\\n\\n- **ნინო** (Nino) -- one of the most beloved Georgian names, after Saint Nino who brought Christianity to Georgia in the 4th century\\n- **ანა** (Ana) -- a common female name\\n- **სიმონ** (Simon) -- a traditional male name\\n\\n## Voiced vs. Voiceless\\n\\nGeorgian phonology makes a strong distinction between voiced and voiceless consonants. From the consonants you have learned so far:\\n\\n| Voiced | Voiceless |\\n|--------|-----------|\\n| ლ /l/ | ს /s/ |\\n| მ /m/ | |\\n| ნ /n/ | |\\n\\nThe voiced consonants (ლ, მ, ნ) are all **sonorants** -- sounds produced with continuous airflow. The voiceless consonant ს is a **fricative** -- air is forced through a narrow gap, creating a hissing sound.\\n\\nIn future lessons, you will encounter Georgian's remarkable three-way distinction among stop consonants (voiced, aspirated, ejective), which is one of the language's most distinctive features.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **4 of 5 vowels learned**: ა, ე, ი, ო -- only უ remains\\n2. **Pure vowels**: No glides or diphthongs -- each vowel is a single, stable sound\\n3. **Nasal pair**: მ (lips) vs. ნ (tongue tip) -- both are voiced nasals\\n4. **Voiced vs. voiceless**: ნ buzzes, ს does not\\n5. **Phonetic reading**: Every letter is pronounced, no exceptions\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-02-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match New Characters\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"eni,oni,nari,sani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-vowels-2\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian character to its name\\n\\n- ე\\n- ო\\n- ნ\\n- ს\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ე = Eni (the vowel \\\"e\\\")\\n- ო = Oni (the vowel \\\"o\\\")\\n- ნ = Nari (the consonant \\\"n\\\")\\n- ს = Sani (the consonant \\\"s\\\")\\n\\n**Explanation:** You now know 4 of 5 Georgian vowels. The consonants ნ and ს add a nasal and a fricative to your consonant inventory, complementing ლ and მ from Lesson 1.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-02-sounds\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Sound Mapping\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"eni,oni,nari,sani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-sounds-2\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** What sound does each new character make?\\n\\n- ე sounds like ___\\n- ო sounds like ___\\n- ნ sounds like ___\\n- ს sounds like ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ე = /ɛ/ as in \\\"bed\\\"\\n- ო = /ɔ/ as in \\\"or\\\"\\n- ნ = /n/ as in \\\"no\\\"\\n- ს = /s/ as in \\\"sun\\\"\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian vowels are pure and never glide. The consonant ნ is a voiced nasal (like English \\\"n\\\"), while ს is a voiceless fricative (like English \\\"s\\\").\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-02-word-reading\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Read Georgian Words\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"eni,nari,sani,oni\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-consonants-2\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read the following Georgian words and give their pronunciation\\n\\n- ენა = ___\\n- ნინო = ___\\n- ლიმონი = ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ენა = \\\"ena\\\" (language)\\n- ნინო = \\\"nino\\\" (Nino, a name)\\n- ლიმონი = \\\"limoni\\\" (lemon)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Sound out each letter from left to right. All characters should be familiar from Lessons 1 and 2. Notice how ლიმონი uses characters from both lessons: ლ, ი (Lesson 1) and ო, ნ (Lesson 2).\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 3, you will learn the final vowel **უ** (completing all 5 Georgian vowels) and add two more consonants: **ვ** and **რ**. This will give you 11 characters and unlock even more Georgian vocabulary.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}

package/dist/lesson-03-BOk3ZPw_.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//#region src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-03.mdx?raw
+var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-03\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 3 — Final Vowel & Liquids\"\ndescription: \"Complete the 5 vowels with უ and add the consonants ვ and რ — Unlock Georgian reading fluency\"\norder: 3\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\ndifficulty: beginner\ncefrLevel: A1\ncategories:\n  - vowels\n  - consonants\n  - fricatives\n  - liquids\nmetadata:\n  estimatedTime: 20\n  prerequisites:\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-02\n  learningObjectives:\n    - id: obj-complete-vowels\n      description: \"Recognize all 5 Georgian vowels including უ\"\n      skill: character-recognition\n      references: [uni]\n    - id: obj-recognize-vr\n      description: \"Recognize the consonants ვ and რ\"\n      skill: character-recognition\n      references: [vini, rae]\n    - id: obj-sounds-3\n      description: \"Map each new character to its sound and understand the complete vowel system\"\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\n      references: [uni, vini, rae]\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 3 (Lesson 3) — Final Vowel & Liquids\n\n## Introduction\n\nThis lesson completes the Georgian vowel system by introducing **უ** (Uni), the fifth and final vowel. You will also learn two important consonants: **ვ** (Vini), a voiced fricative, and **რ** (Rae), a liquid/trill. With 11 characters in your toolkit, Georgian text will start to feel increasingly readable.\n\n## Characters\n\n:::character-set{id=\"georgian-vowel-liquids-3\" title=\"Final Vowel & Liquids\"}\n\n::character{id=\"uni\" canonicalRef=\"uni\" char=\"უ\" name=\"უ უნი (Uni)\" charType=\"vowel\" data:transliteration=\"u\" data:ipa=\"u\"}\n\n::character{id=\"vini\" canonicalRef=\"vini\" char=\"ვ\" name=\"ვ ვინი (Vini)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"fricative\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"v\" data:ipa=\"v\"}\n\n::character{id=\"rae\" canonicalRef=\"rae\" char=\"რ\" name=\"რ რაე (Rae)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"liquid\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"r\" data:ipa=\"r\"}\n\n:::\n\n## The Complete Georgian Vowel System\n\nWith უ, you now know all 5 Georgian vowels. This is a compact, symmetric system:\n\n| Letter | Name | IPA | Like English... | Mouth Position |\n|--------|------|-----|-----------------|----------------|\n| ა | ანი | /ɑ/ | \"a\" in \"father\" | Open, central |\n| ე | ენი | /ɛ/ | \"e\" in \"bed\" | Mid, front |\n| ი | ინი | /i/ | \"ee\" in \"see\" | High, front |\n| ო | ონი | /ɔ/ | \"o\" in \"or\" | Mid, back, rounded |\n| უ | უნი | /u/ | \"oo\" in \"moon\" | High, back, rounded |\n\nThis 5-vowel system is considered a \"universal\" pattern -- it maximally distinguishes vowels across the mouth space. Georgian vowels do not reduce in unstressed positions (unlike English, where unstressed vowels often become \"uh\"). Every vowel is always fully pronounced.\n\n## New Consonants\n\n| Letter | Name | IPA | Type | Like English... |\n|--------|------|-----|------|-----------------|\n| ვ | ვინი (Vini) | /v/ | fricative, voiced | \"v\" in \"vine\" |\n| რ | რაე (Rae) | /r/ | liquid (trill), voiced | \"r\" in \"roll\" (trilled) |\n\n### The Georgian რ\n\nThe Georgian **რ** is a **trilled** or **flapped** R, similar to the Spanish or Italian R. It is produced by vibrating the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (the bony area behind your upper teeth). This is quite different from the English R, which is produced further back in the mouth with no contact.\n\nIf you cannot trill yet, start with a single flap (like the \"tt\" in American English \"butter\") and gradually build up to a full trill.\n\n### The Fricative Pair\n\nYou now know two fricatives:\n\n- **ს** /s/ -- voiceless (from Lesson 2)\n- **ვ** /v/ -- voiced (this lesson)\n\nPlace your fingers on your throat: you will feel vibration with ვ but not with ს. This voiced/voiceless distinction is fundamental to Georgian consonant organization.\n\n## Expanding Your Vocabulary\n\nWith 11 characters (ა, ე, ი, ო, უ, ვ, ლ, მ, ნ, რ, ს), you can read many more words:\n\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\n|------|--------------|---------|\n| ვარი | va-ri | a type of cooking |\n| რუმი | ru-mi | Rumi (name) |\n| ვინო | vi-no | wine |\n| ნარი | na-ri | a type of fir tree |\n| სურვილი | sur-vi-li | wish, desire |\n| ვარსელი | var-se-li | a type of herb |\n| მარილი | ma-ri-li | salt |\n\nThe word **ვინო** (vino, \"wine\") reflects Georgia's ancient winemaking tradition. Georgia is widely considered the birthplace of wine, with archaeological evidence of winemaking dating back 8,000 years.\n\n## Consonant Inventory So Far\n\nYou now know 6 consonants covering different manner categories:\n\n| Category | Consonants |\n|----------|-----------|\n| Nasal | მ /m/, ნ /n/ |\n| Liquid | ლ /l/, რ /r/ |\n| Fricative | ს /s/ (voiceless), ვ /v/ (voiced) |\n\nIn the next two lessons, you will encounter Georgian's most distinctive consonant feature: the **three-way distinction** among stop consonants (aspirated, ejective, and voiced). This system is rare among the world's languages and gives Georgian its unique phonetic character.\n\n## Key Points\n\n1. **All 5 vowels complete**: ა, ე, ი, ო, უ -- a clean, symmetric system\n2. **Pure vowels**: No reduction -- every vowel is always fully pronounced\n3. **Trilled რ**: Similar to Spanish or Italian R, not English R\n4. **Fricative contrast**: ვ (voiced) vs. ს (voiceless)\n5. **11 characters learned**: Enough to read many common Georgian words\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-03-recognition\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Identify New Characters\" skill=\"character-recognition\" tests=\"uni,vini,rae\" objectiveId=\"obj-complete-vowels\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Georgian character to its name\n\n- უ\n- ვ\n- რ\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- უ = Uni (the vowel \"u\")\n- ვ = Vini (the consonant \"v\")\n- რ = Rae (the consonant \"r\")\n\n**Explanation:** With უ, you now know all 5 Georgian vowels. The consonants ვ (fricative) and რ (liquid/trill) expand your ability to read Georgian words significantly.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-03-vowel-system\" type=\"multiple-choice\" title=\"Complete Vowel System\" skill=\"character-sound-mapping\" tests=\"uni\" objectiveId=\"obj-sounds-3\"}\n\n**Question:** Which of the following correctly lists all 5 Georgian vowels with their sounds?\n\n**Options:**\n\n- ა /ɑ/, ე /ɛ/, ი /i/, ო /ɔ/, უ /u/\n- ა /ɑ/, ე /ɛ/, ი /i/, ო /ɔ/, ვ /v/\n- ა /ɑ/, ე /e/, ი /i/, ო /o/, უ /ju/\n- ა /a/, ე /ɛ/, ი /i/, უ /u/, რ /r/\n\n**Answer:** 1\n\n**Explanation:** Georgian has exactly 5 vowels: ა /ɑ/, ე /ɛ/, ი /i/, ო /ɔ/, უ /u/. The consonants ვ and რ are not vowels. Georgian vowels are pure and do not glide, so უ is /u/ (not /ju/ as in English \"you\").\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-03-word-reading\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Read Georgian Words\" skill=\"word-recognition\" tests=\"uni,vini,rae\" objectiveId=\"obj-recognize-vr\"}\n\n**Question:** Read the following Georgian words and give their pronunciation\n\n- ვინო = ___\n- სურვილი = ___\n- მარილი = ___\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ვინო = \"vino\" (wine)\n- სურვილი = \"survili\" (wish)\n- მარილი = \"marili\" (salt)\n\n**Explanation:** Sound out each letter from left to right. Remember that რ is trilled (like Spanish R) and უ is a pure \"oo\" sound. These words use characters from all three lessons so far.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 4, you will begin exploring Georgian's famous **stop consonant system** by learning the **aspirated stops**: თ, ქ, and ფ. These are voiceless stops pronounced with a puff of air, similar to English \"t\", \"k\", and \"p\" at the start of stressed syllables.\n";
+//#endregion
+export { e as default };
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-03-BOk3ZPw_.js.map

package/dist/lesson-03-BOk3ZPw_.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-03-BOk3ZPw_.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-03.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-03\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 3 — Final Vowel & Liquids\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Complete the 5 vowels with უ and add the consonants ვ and რ — Unlock Georgian reading fluency\\\"\\norder: 3\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - vowels\\n  - consonants\\n  - fricatives\\n  - liquids\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 20\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-02\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-complete-vowels\\n      description: \\\"Recognize all 5 Georgian vowels including უ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [uni]\\n    - id: obj-recognize-vr\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the consonants ვ and რ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [vini, rae]\\n    - id: obj-sounds-3\\n      description: \\\"Map each new character to its sound and understand the complete vowel system\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [uni, vini, rae]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 3 (Lesson 3) — Final Vowel & Liquids\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nThis lesson completes the Georgian vowel system by introducing **უ** (Uni), the fifth and final vowel. You will also learn two important consonants: **ვ** (Vini), a voiced fricative, and **რ** (Rae), a liquid/trill. With 11 characters in your toolkit, Georgian text will start to feel increasingly readable.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-vowel-liquids-3\\\" title=\\\"Final Vowel & Liquids\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"uni\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"uni\\\" char=\\\"უ\\\" name=\\\"უ უნი (Uni)\\\" charType=\\\"vowel\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"u\\\" data:ipa=\\\"u\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"vini\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"vini\\\" char=\\\"ვ\\\" name=\\\"ვ ვინი (Vini)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"v\\\" data:ipa=\\\"v\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"rae\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"rae\\\" char=\\\"რ\\\" name=\\\"რ რაე (Rae)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"liquid\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"r\\\" data:ipa=\\\"r\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## The Complete Georgian Vowel System\\n\\nWith უ, you now know all 5 Georgian vowels. This is a compact, symmetric system:\\n\\n| Letter | Name | IPA | Like English... | Mouth Position |\\n|--------|------|-----|-----------------|----------------|\\n| ა | ანი | /ɑ/ | \\\"a\\\" in \\\"father\\\" | Open, central |\\n| ე | ენი | /ɛ/ | \\\"e\\\" in \\\"bed\\\" | Mid, front |\\n| ი | ინი | /i/ | \\\"ee\\\" in \\\"see\\\" | High, front |\\n| ო | ონი | /ɔ/ | \\\"o\\\" in \\\"or\\\" | Mid, back, rounded |\\n| უ | უნი | /u/ | \\\"oo\\\" in \\\"moon\\\" | High, back, rounded |\\n\\nThis 5-vowel system is considered a \\\"universal\\\" pattern -- it maximally distinguishes vowels across the mouth space. Georgian vowels do not reduce in unstressed positions (unlike English, where unstressed vowels often become \\\"uh\\\"). Every vowel is always fully pronounced.\\n\\n## New Consonants\\n\\n| Letter | Name | IPA | Type | Like English... |\\n|--------|------|-----|------|-----------------|\\n| ვ | ვინი (Vini) | /v/ | fricative, voiced | \\\"v\\\" in \\\"vine\\\" |\\n| რ | რაე (Rae) | /r/ | liquid (trill), voiced | \\\"r\\\" in \\\"roll\\\" (trilled) |\\n\\n### The Georgian რ\\n\\nThe Georgian **რ** is a **trilled** or **flapped** R, similar to the Spanish or Italian R. It is produced by vibrating the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (the bony area behind your upper teeth). This is quite different from the English R, which is produced further back in the mouth with no contact.\\n\\nIf you cannot trill yet, start with a single flap (like the \\\"tt\\\" in American English \\\"butter\\\") and gradually build up to a full trill.\\n\\n### The Fricative Pair\\n\\nYou now know two fricatives:\\n\\n- **ს** /s/ -- voiceless (from Lesson 2)\\n- **ვ** /v/ -- voiced (this lesson)\\n\\nPlace your fingers on your throat: you will feel vibration with ვ but not with ს. This voiced/voiceless distinction is fundamental to Georgian consonant organization.\\n\\n## Expanding Your Vocabulary\\n\\nWith 11 characters (ა, ე, ი, ო, უ, ვ, ლ, მ, ნ, რ, ს), you can read many more words:\\n\\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|------|--------------|---------|\\n| ვარი | va-ri | a type of cooking |\\n| რუმი | ru-mi | Rumi (name) |\\n| ვინო | vi-no | wine |\\n| ნარი | na-ri | a type of fir tree |\\n| სურვილი | sur-vi-li | wish, desire |\\n| ვარსელი | var-se-li | a type of herb |\\n| მარილი | ma-ri-li | salt |\\n\\nThe word **ვინო** (vino, \\\"wine\\\") reflects Georgia's ancient winemaking tradition. Georgia is widely considered the birthplace of wine, with archaeological evidence of winemaking dating back 8,000 years.\\n\\n## Consonant Inventory So Far\\n\\nYou now know 6 consonants covering different manner categories:\\n\\n| Category | Consonants |\\n|----------|-----------|\\n| Nasal | მ /m/, ნ /n/ |\\n| Liquid | ლ /l/, რ /r/ |\\n| Fricative | ს /s/ (voiceless), ვ /v/ (voiced) |\\n\\nIn the next two lessons, you will encounter Georgian's most distinctive consonant feature: the **three-way distinction** among stop consonants (aspirated, ejective, and voiced). This system is rare among the world's languages and gives Georgian its unique phonetic character.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **All 5 vowels complete**: ა, ე, ი, ო, უ -- a clean, symmetric system\\n2. **Pure vowels**: No reduction -- every vowel is always fully pronounced\\n3. **Trilled რ**: Similar to Spanish or Italian R, not English R\\n4. **Fricative contrast**: ვ (voiced) vs. ს (voiceless)\\n5. **11 characters learned**: Enough to read many common Georgian words\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-03-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Identify New Characters\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"uni,vini,rae\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-complete-vowels\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian character to its name\\n\\n- უ\\n- ვ\\n- რ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- უ = Uni (the vowel \\\"u\\\")\\n- ვ = Vini (the consonant \\\"v\\\")\\n- რ = Rae (the consonant \\\"r\\\")\\n\\n**Explanation:** With უ, you now know all 5 Georgian vowels. The consonants ვ (fricative) and რ (liquid/trill) expand your ability to read Georgian words significantly.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-03-vowel-system\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Complete Vowel System\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"uni\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-sounds-3\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Which of the following correctly lists all 5 Georgian vowels with their sounds?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n\\n- ა /ɑ/, ე /ɛ/, ი /i/, ო /ɔ/, უ /u/\\n- ა /ɑ/, ე /ɛ/, ი /i/, ო /ɔ/, ვ /v/\\n- ა /ɑ/, ე /e/, ი /i/, ო /o/, უ /ju/\\n- ა /a/, ე /ɛ/, ი /i/, უ /u/, რ /r/\\n\\n**Answer:** 1\\n\\n**Explanation:** Georgian has exactly 5 vowels: ა /ɑ/, ე /ɛ/, ი /i/, ო /ɔ/, უ /u/. The consonants ვ and რ are not vowels. Georgian vowels are pure and do not glide, so უ is /u/ (not /ju/ as in English \\\"you\\\").\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-03-word-reading\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Read Georgian Words\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"uni,vini,rae\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-vr\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read the following Georgian words and give their pronunciation\\n\\n- ვინო = ___\\n- სურვილი = ___\\n- მარილი = ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ვინო = \\\"vino\\\" (wine)\\n- სურვილი = \\\"survili\\\" (wish)\\n- მარილი = \\\"marili\\\" (salt)\\n\\n**Explanation:** Sound out each letter from left to right. Remember that რ is trilled (like Spanish R) and უ is a pure \\\"oo\\\" sound. These words use characters from all three lessons so far.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 4, you will begin exploring Georgian's famous **stop consonant system** by learning the **aspirated stops**: თ, ქ, and ფ. These are voiceless stops pronounced with a puff of air, similar to English \\\"t\\\", \\\"k\\\", and \\\"p\\\" at the start of stressed syllables.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}

package/dist/lesson-04-CmID-Isk.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//#region src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-04.mdx?raw
+var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-04\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 4 — Aspirated Stops\"\ndescription: \"Voiceless aspirated stops თ, ქ, ფ — The first layer of Georgian's three-way stop distinction\"\norder: 4\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\ndifficulty: beginner\ncefrLevel: A1\ncategories:\n  - consonants\n  - stops\n  - aspirated\nmetadata:\n  estimatedTime: 25\n  prerequisites:\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-03\n  learningObjectives:\n    - id: obj-recognize-aspirated\n      description: \"Recognize the aspirated stop consonants თ, ქ, and ფ\"\n      skill: character-recognition\n      references: [tani, qani, phari]\n    - id: obj-aspirated-sounds\n      description: \"Produce the aspirated stop sounds with a clear puff of air\"\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\n      references: [tani, qani, phari]\n    - id: obj-aspiration-concept\n      description: \"Understand the concept of aspiration and how it differs from English stops\"\n      skill: character-class-identification\n      references: [tani, qani, phari]\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 4 (Lesson 4) — Aspirated Stops\n\n## Introduction\n\nGeorgian has one of the most remarkable consonant systems in the world: a **three-way distinction** among stop consonants. Where English distinguishes only two types (voiced \"b\" vs. voiceless \"p\"), Georgian has three:\n\n1. **Voiced** -- vocal cords vibrate (you already know some: მ, ნ, etc.)\n2. **Aspirated** (this lesson) -- voiceless with a strong puff of air\n3. **Ejective** (next lesson) -- voiceless with a glottal pop, no air puff\n\nThis three-way system is one of Georgian's most distinctive features and sets it apart from most European languages.\n\n## Characters\n\n:::character-set{id=\"georgian-aspirated-stops\" title=\"Aspirated Stops\"}\n\n::character{id=\"tani\" canonicalRef=\"tani\" char=\"თ\" name=\"თ თანი (Tani)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"stop\" data:voicing=\"voiceless\" data:transliteration=\"t\" data:ipa=\"tʰ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"qani\" canonicalRef=\"qani\" char=\"ქ\" name=\"ქ ქანი (Qani)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"stop\" data:voicing=\"voiceless\" data:transliteration=\"k\" data:ipa=\"kʰ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"phari\" canonicalRef=\"phari\" char=\"ფ\" name=\"ფ ფარი (Phari)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"stop\" data:voicing=\"voiceless\" data:transliteration=\"p\" data:ipa=\"pʰ\"}\n\n:::\n\n## What Is Aspiration?\n\n**Aspiration** is a puff of air that follows a consonant sound. Hold your hand in front of your mouth and say these English words:\n\n- **\"top\"** -- you feel a puff of air after the \"t\"\n- **\"pot\"** -- you feel a puff of air after the \"p\"\n- **\"cop\"** -- you feel a puff of air after the \"k\"\n\nThat puff is aspiration. In English, aspiration happens automatically at the beginning of stressed syllables, so most English speakers never notice it. In Georgian, aspiration is **distinctive** -- it changes the meaning of a word.\n\n## The Three Aspirated Stops\n\n| Letter | Name | IPA | Place of Articulation | Like English... |\n|--------|------|-----|-----------------------|-----------------|\n| თ | თანი (Tani) | /tʰ/ | Alveolar (tongue tip behind teeth) | \"t\" in \"top\" |\n| ქ | ქანი (Qani) | /kʰ/ | Velar (back of tongue) | \"k\" in \"kite\" |\n| ფ | ფარი (Phari) | /pʰ/ | Bilabial (both lips) | \"p\" in \"pot\" |\n\nThese sounds will feel natural to English speakers because English \"t\", \"k\", and \"p\" at the beginning of stressed words are also aspirated. The challenge comes in Lesson 5, when you learn the ejective counterparts that have no English equivalent.\n\n## The Three-Way System Preview\n\nTo understand where these aspirated stops fit, here is the complete three-way system you will learn over Lessons 4 and 5:\n\n| Place | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |\n|-------|--------|-----------|----------|\n| Bilabial (lips) | ბ /b/ | **ფ /pʰ/** | პ /pʼ/ |\n| Alveolar (tongue tip) | დ /d/ | **თ /tʰ/** | ტ /tʼ/ |\n| Velar (back tongue) | გ /ɡ/ | **ქ /kʰ/** | კ /kʼ/ |\n\nThis lesson covers the middle column (aspirated). You will learn the ejective column in Lesson 5. The voiced column will be covered in a future lesson.\n\n## Words with Aspirated Stops\n\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\n|------|--------------|---------|\n| თავი | tʰa-vi | head; self |\n| ქალი | kʰa-li | woman |\n| ფული | pʰu-li | money |\n| თვალი | tʰva-li | eye |\n| ქარი | kʰa-ri | wind |\n| ფოსტა | pʰos-ta | post, mail |\n| თეთრი | tʰe-tʰri | white; a monetary unit |\n\nNotice that **თეთრი** contains two aspirated stops. The word means both \"white\" and refers to a small denomination of Georgian currency (100 თეთრი = 1 ლარი).\n\n## Aspiration in Context\n\nAspiration matters in Georgian because it creates **minimal pairs** -- words that differ only in whether a stop is aspirated or ejective:\n\n- **თავი** /tʰavi/ (head) vs. **ტანი** /tʼani/ (body) -- თ (aspirated) vs. ტ (ejective)\n- **ქარი** /kʰari/ (wind) vs. **კარი** /kʼari/ (door) -- ქ (aspirated) vs. კ (ejective)\n- **ფული** /pʰuli/ (money) vs. **პური** /pʼuri/ (bread) -- ფ (aspirated) vs. პ (ejective)\n\nYou will practice these contrasts in Lesson 5 after learning the ejective stops.\n\n## Recognizing the Shapes\n\n- **თ** has a round body with a vertical stroke, sitting on the baseline\n- **ქ** features an elegant rightward curve, one of the more distinctive Georgian shapes\n- **ფ** has a characteristic loop shape, reaching below the baseline\n\nCompare these carefully with their ejective counterparts in Lesson 5 -- the shapes are completely different even though the sounds are related.\n\n## Key Points\n\n1. **Three-way distinction**: Georgian stops come in voiced, aspirated, and ejective varieties\n2. **Aspiration = air puff**: Hold your hand in front of your mouth to feel it\n3. **Natural for English speakers**: English \"t\", \"k\", \"p\" at word start are already aspirated\n4. **Minimal pairs exist**: Aspirated vs. ejective changes meaning (თავი vs. ტანი)\n5. **Three places of articulation**: Bilabial (ფ), alveolar (თ), velar (ქ)\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-04-recognition\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Identify Aspirated Stops\" skill=\"character-recognition\" tests=\"tani,qani,phari\" objectiveId=\"obj-recognize-aspirated\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Georgian aspirated stop to its name and sound\n\n- თ\n- ქ\n- ფ\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- თ = Tani /tʰ/ (aspirated \"t\", tongue behind teeth)\n- ქ = Qani /kʰ/ (aspirated \"k\", back of tongue)\n- ფ = Phari /pʰ/ (aspirated \"p\", both lips)\n\n**Explanation:** These three aspirated stops correspond to the three major places of articulation for stops: bilabial (lips), alveolar (tongue tip), and velar (back tongue). They all share the feature of being voiceless with a strong puff of air.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-04-sounds\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Aspirated Stop Sounds\" skill=\"character-sound-mapping\" tests=\"tani,qani,phari\" objectiveId=\"obj-aspirated-sounds\"}\n\n**Question:** What sound does each aspirated stop make? Give the IPA symbol and an English example word.\n\n- თ = ___\n- ქ = ___\n- ფ = ___\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- თ = /tʰ/ as in \"top\"\n- ქ = /kʰ/ as in \"kite\"\n- ფ = /pʰ/ as in \"pot\"\n\n**Explanation:** All three are voiceless stops with aspiration (a puff of air). English speakers produce these sounds naturally at the beginning of stressed syllables, so they should feel familiar.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-04-aspiration-concept\" type=\"multiple-choice\" title=\"Understanding Aspiration\" skill=\"character-class-identification\" tests=\"tani,qani,phari\" objectiveId=\"obj-aspiration-concept\"}\n\n**Question:** What makes Georgian's stop consonant system unusual compared to English?\n\n**Options:**\n\n- Georgian has more vowels than English\n- Georgian distinguishes three types of stops (voiced, aspirated, ejective) while English only distinguishes two (voiced, voiceless)\n- Georgian stops are always silent at the end of words\n- Georgian has no voiced consonants\n\n**Answer:** 2\n\n**Explanation:** English distinguishes only voiced stops (b, d, g) from voiceless stops (p, t, k). Georgian adds a third category: ejective stops, which are produced with a glottalic airstream (a popping sound from the glottis). This three-way distinction is rare among European languages but common in Caucasian languages.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 5, you will learn the **ejective stops** (ტ, კ, პ) -- the third and most uniquely Georgian category of stops. Ejectives are produced with a sharp, crisp pop and no air puff, created by compressing air between the closed glottis and the mouth closure. You will practice contrasting aspirated and ejective stops side by side.\n";
+//#endregion
+export { e as default };
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-04-CmID-Isk.js.map

package/dist/lesson-04-CmID-Isk.js.map

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+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-04-CmID-Isk.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-04.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-04\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 4 — Aspirated Stops\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Voiceless aspirated stops თ, ქ, ფ — The first layer of Georgian's three-way stop distinction\\\"\\norder: 4\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - consonants\\n  - stops\\n  - aspirated\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 25\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-03\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-recognize-aspirated\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the aspirated stop consonants თ, ქ, and ფ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [tani, qani, phari]\\n    - id: obj-aspirated-sounds\\n      description: \\\"Produce the aspirated stop sounds with a clear puff of air\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [tani, qani, phari]\\n    - id: obj-aspiration-concept\\n      description: \\\"Understand the concept of aspiration and how it differs from English stops\\\"\\n      skill: character-class-identification\\n      references: [tani, qani, phari]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 4 (Lesson 4) — Aspirated Stops\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgian has one of the most remarkable consonant systems in the world: a **three-way distinction** among stop consonants. Where English distinguishes only two types (voiced \\\"b\\\" vs. voiceless \\\"p\\\"), Georgian has three:\\n\\n1. **Voiced** -- vocal cords vibrate (you already know some: მ, ნ, etc.)\\n2. **Aspirated** (this lesson) -- voiceless with a strong puff of air\\n3. **Ejective** (next lesson) -- voiceless with a glottal pop, no air puff\\n\\nThis three-way system is one of Georgian's most distinctive features and sets it apart from most European languages.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-aspirated-stops\\\" title=\\\"Aspirated Stops\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"tani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"tani\\\" char=\\\"თ\\\" name=\\\"თ თანი (Tani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"t\\\" data:ipa=\\\"tʰ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"qani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"qani\\\" char=\\\"ქ\\\" name=\\\"ქ ქანი (Qani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"k\\\" data:ipa=\\\"kʰ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"phari\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"phari\\\" char=\\\"ფ\\\" name=\\\"ფ ფარი (Phari)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"p\\\" data:ipa=\\\"pʰ\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What Is Aspiration?\\n\\n**Aspiration** is a puff of air that follows a consonant sound. Hold your hand in front of your mouth and say these English words:\\n\\n- **\\\"top\\\"** -- you feel a puff of air after the \\\"t\\\"\\n- **\\\"pot\\\"** -- you feel a puff of air after the \\\"p\\\"\\n- **\\\"cop\\\"** -- you feel a puff of air after the \\\"k\\\"\\n\\nThat puff is aspiration. In English, aspiration happens automatically at the beginning of stressed syllables, so most English speakers never notice it. In Georgian, aspiration is **distinctive** -- it changes the meaning of a word.\\n\\n## The Three Aspirated Stops\\n\\n| Letter | Name | IPA | Place of Articulation | Like English... |\\n|--------|------|-----|-----------------------|-----------------|\\n| თ | თანი (Tani) | /tʰ/ | Alveolar (tongue tip behind teeth) | \\\"t\\\" in \\\"top\\\" |\\n| ქ | ქანი (Qani) | /kʰ/ | Velar (back of tongue) | \\\"k\\\" in \\\"kite\\\" |\\n| ფ | ფარი (Phari) | /pʰ/ | Bilabial (both lips) | \\\"p\\\" in \\\"pot\\\" |\\n\\nThese sounds will feel natural to English speakers because English \\\"t\\\", \\\"k\\\", and \\\"p\\\" at the beginning of stressed words are also aspirated. The challenge comes in Lesson 5, when you learn the ejective counterparts that have no English equivalent.\\n\\n## The Three-Way System Preview\\n\\nTo understand where these aspirated stops fit, here is the complete three-way system you will learn over Lessons 4 and 5:\\n\\n| Place | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |\\n|-------|--------|-----------|----------|\\n| Bilabial (lips) | ბ /b/ | **ფ /pʰ/** | პ /pʼ/ |\\n| Alveolar (tongue tip) | დ /d/ | **თ /tʰ/** | ტ /tʼ/ |\\n| Velar (back tongue) | გ /ɡ/ | **ქ /kʰ/** | კ /kʼ/ |\\n\\nThis lesson covers the middle column (aspirated). You will learn the ejective column in Lesson 5. The voiced column will be covered in a future lesson.\\n\\n## Words with Aspirated Stops\\n\\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|------|--------------|---------|\\n| თავი | tʰa-vi | head; self |\\n| ქალი | kʰa-li | woman |\\n| ფული | pʰu-li | money |\\n| თვალი | tʰva-li | eye |\\n| ქარი | kʰa-ri | wind |\\n| ფოსტა | pʰos-ta | post, mail |\\n| თეთრი | tʰe-tʰri | white; a monetary unit |\\n\\nNotice that **თეთრი** contains two aspirated stops. The word means both \\\"white\\\" and refers to a small denomination of Georgian currency (100 თეთრი = 1 ლარი).\\n\\n## Aspiration in Context\\n\\nAspiration matters in Georgian because it creates **minimal pairs** -- words that differ only in whether a stop is aspirated or ejective:\\n\\n- **თავი** /tʰavi/ (head) vs. **ტანი** /tʼani/ (body) -- თ (aspirated) vs. ტ (ejective)\\n- **ქარი** /kʰari/ (wind) vs. **კარი** /kʼari/ (door) -- ქ (aspirated) vs. კ (ejective)\\n- **ფული** /pʰuli/ (money) vs. **პური** /pʼuri/ (bread) -- ფ (aspirated) vs. პ (ejective)\\n\\nYou will practice these contrasts in Lesson 5 after learning the ejective stops.\\n\\n## Recognizing the Shapes\\n\\n- **თ** has a round body with a vertical stroke, sitting on the baseline\\n- **ქ** features an elegant rightward curve, one of the more distinctive Georgian shapes\\n- **ფ** has a characteristic loop shape, reaching below the baseline\\n\\nCompare these carefully with their ejective counterparts in Lesson 5 -- the shapes are completely different even though the sounds are related.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **Three-way distinction**: Georgian stops come in voiced, aspirated, and ejective varieties\\n2. **Aspiration = air puff**: Hold your hand in front of your mouth to feel it\\n3. **Natural for English speakers**: English \\\"t\\\", \\\"k\\\", \\\"p\\\" at word start are already aspirated\\n4. **Minimal pairs exist**: Aspirated vs. ejective changes meaning (თავი vs. ტანი)\\n5. **Three places of articulation**: Bilabial (ფ), alveolar (თ), velar (ქ)\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-04-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Identify Aspirated Stops\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"tani,qani,phari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-aspirated\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian aspirated stop to its name and sound\\n\\n- თ\\n- ქ\\n- ფ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- თ = Tani /tʰ/ (aspirated \\\"t\\\", tongue behind teeth)\\n- ქ = Qani /kʰ/ (aspirated \\\"k\\\", back of tongue)\\n- ფ = Phari /pʰ/ (aspirated \\\"p\\\", both lips)\\n\\n**Explanation:** These three aspirated stops correspond to the three major places of articulation for stops: bilabial (lips), alveolar (tongue tip), and velar (back tongue). They all share the feature of being voiceless with a strong puff of air.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-04-sounds\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Aspirated Stop Sounds\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"tani,qani,phari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-aspirated-sounds\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** What sound does each aspirated stop make? Give the IPA symbol and an English example word.\\n\\n- თ = ___\\n- ქ = ___\\n- ფ = ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- თ = /tʰ/ as in \\\"top\\\"\\n- ქ = /kʰ/ as in \\\"kite\\\"\\n- ფ = /pʰ/ as in \\\"pot\\\"\\n\\n**Explanation:** All three are voiceless stops with aspiration (a puff of air). English speakers produce these sounds naturally at the beginning of stressed syllables, so they should feel familiar.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-04-aspiration-concept\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Understanding Aspiration\\\" skill=\\\"character-class-identification\\\" tests=\\\"tani,qani,phari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-aspiration-concept\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** What makes Georgian's stop consonant system unusual compared to English?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n\\n- Georgian has more vowels than English\\n- Georgian distinguishes three types of stops (voiced, aspirated, ejective) while English only distinguishes two (voiced, voiceless)\\n- Georgian stops are always silent at the end of words\\n- Georgian has no voiced consonants\\n\\n**Answer:** 2\\n\\n**Explanation:** English distinguishes only voiced stops (b, d, g) from voiceless stops (p, t, k). Georgian adds a third category: ejective stops, which are produced with a glottalic airstream (a popping sound from the glottis). This three-way distinction is rare among European languages but common in Caucasian languages.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 5, you will learn the **ejective stops** (ტ, კ, პ) -- the third and most uniquely Georgian category of stops. Ejectives are produced with a sharp, crisp pop and no air puff, created by compressing air between the closed glottis and the mouth closure. You will practice contrasting aspirated and ejective stops side by side.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}

package/dist/lesson-05-eNuIBRgT.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//#region src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-05.mdx?raw
+var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-05\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 5 — Ejective Stops\"\ndescription: \"Ejective stops ტ, კ, პ — Georgian's most distinctive consonants and the three-way stop contrast\"\norder: 5\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\ndifficulty: beginner\ncefrLevel: A1\ncategories:\n  - consonants\n  - stops\n  - ejective\nmetadata:\n  estimatedTime: 25\n  prerequisites:\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-04\n  learningObjectives:\n    - id: obj-recognize-ejectives\n      description: \"Recognize the ejective stop consonants ტ, კ, and პ\"\n      skill: character-recognition\n      references: [tari, kani, pari]\n    - id: obj-ejective-sounds\n      description: \"Produce the ejective stop sounds with a glottal closure\"\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\n      references: [tari, kani, pari]\n    - id: obj-aspirated-vs-ejective\n      description: \"Distinguish aspirated stops from ejective stops in Georgian\"\n      skill: character-class-identification\n      references: [tari, kani, pari, tani, qani, phari]\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Ejective Stops\n\n## Introduction\n\nEjective consonants are the hallmark of Georgian phonology and one of the most fascinating sounds in any language. Found throughout the Caucasus region but rare in European languages, ejectives give Georgian its distinctive crisp, percussive quality. In this lesson, you will learn the three ejective stops and practice distinguishing them from the aspirated stops you learned in Lesson 4.\n\n## Characters\n\n:::character-set{id=\"georgian-ejective-stops\" title=\"Ejective Stops\"}\n\n::character{id=\"tari\" canonicalRef=\"tari\" char=\"ტ\" name=\"ტ ტარი (Tari)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"stop\" data:voicing=\"ejective\" data:transliteration=\"t'\" data:ipa=\"tʼ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"kani\" canonicalRef=\"kani\" char=\"კ\" name=\"კ კანი (Kani)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"stop\" data:voicing=\"ejective\" data:transliteration=\"k'\" data:ipa=\"kʼ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"pari\" canonicalRef=\"pari\" char=\"პ\" name=\"პ პარი (Pari)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"stop\" data:voicing=\"ejective\" data:transliteration=\"p'\" data:ipa=\"pʼ\"}\n\n:::\n\n## What Are Ejective Consonants?\n\nEjectives are produced using a fundamentally different mechanism than most consonants:\n\n1. **Close the glottis** (the space between your vocal cords, in your throat)\n2. **Close the mouth** at the appropriate position (lips for პ, tongue tip for ტ, back tongue for კ)\n3. **Raise the larynx** (Adam's apple moves up), compressing the air trapped between the two closures\n4. **Release the mouth closure** -- the compressed air pops out with a sharp, crisp sound\n5. **No airflow from lungs** -- unlike aspirated sounds, no air rushes through\n\nThe result is a short, sharp, percussive sound with no breathiness. It sounds like a quiet \"pop\" or \"click\" compared to the breathy release of aspirated stops.\n\n## The Three Ejective Stops\n\n| Letter | Name | IPA | Transliteration | Place of Articulation |\n|--------|------|-----|-----------------|-----------------------|\n| ტ | ტარი (Tari) | /tʼ/ | t' | Alveolar (tongue tip behind teeth) |\n| კ | კანი (Kani) | /kʼ/ | k' | Velar (back of tongue) |\n| პ | პარი (Pari) | /pʼ/ | p' | Bilabial (both lips) |\n\nThe apostrophe in the transliteration (t', k', p') is the standard way to mark ejectives in linguistic notation.\n\n## How to Produce Ejectives\n\nTry this exercise to feel the glottal closure:\n\n1. Say \"uh-oh\" -- the break between \"uh\" and \"oh\" is a glottal stop\n2. Now hold that closed-throat feeling\n3. With your throat closed, press your lips together (for პ)\n4. Push your throat upward slightly, then pop your lips open\n5. You should hear a crisp pop with no air following it\n\nCompare this with ფ (aspirated): say \"pot\" and feel the air puff. Then say პ with no air at all -- just a pop.\n\n## The Complete Three-Way System\n\nNow you can see the full picture of Georgian stop consonants:\n\n| Place | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |\n|-------|--------|-----------|----------|\n| Bilabial (lips) | ბ /b/ | ფ /pʰ/ | **პ /pʼ/** |\n| Alveolar (tongue tip) | დ /d/ | თ /tʰ/ | **ტ /tʼ/** |\n| Velar (back tongue) | გ /ɡ/ | ქ /kʰ/ | **კ /kʼ/** |\n\nEach row shares the same **place** of articulation (where in the mouth the closure happens). Each column shares the same **manner** (how the sound is released):\n\n- **Voiced**: Vocal cords vibrate during the closure\n- **Aspirated**: Voiceless with a puff of air after release\n- **Ejective**: Voiceless with glottal compression, no air puff\n\nThis three-way distinction is one of the defining features of South Caucasian (Kartvelian) languages.\n\n## Minimal Pairs: Aspirated vs. Ejective\n\nThese word pairs differ only in whether the stop is aspirated or ejective:\n\n| Aspirated | Meaning | Ejective | Meaning |\n|-----------|---------|----------|---------|\n| **თ**ავი /tʰavi/ | head | **ტ**ანი /tʼani/ | body |\n| **ქ**არი /kʰari/ | wind | **კ**არი /kʼari/ | door |\n| **ფ**ული /pʰuli/ | money | **პ**ური /pʼuri/ | bread |\n\nListen carefully to the difference: the aspirated versions have a breathy release (like English), while the ejective versions have a sharp pop with no breath.\n\n## Words with Ejective Stops\n\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\n|------|--------------|---------|\n| კარი | kʼa-ri | door |\n| ტანი | tʼa-ni | body |\n| პური | pʼu-ri | bread |\n| კალამი | kʼa-la-mi | pen |\n| პირი | pʼi-ri | mouth; face |\n| ტალი | tʼa-li | a type of elm tree |\n\n**პური** (p'uri, \"bread\") is an essential Georgian word. Georgian bread, especially **შოთი** (shoti) baked in a traditional clay oven called a **თონე** (tone), is central to Georgian culture and cuisine.\n\n## Recognizing the Shapes\n\nCompare aspirated and ejective characters -- they look completely different despite representing related sounds:\n\n| Aspirated | Ejective | Sound Pair |\n|-----------|----------|------------|\n| თ | ტ | t-sounds |\n| ქ | კ | k-sounds |\n| ფ | პ | p-sounds |\n\nUnlike some writing systems where related sounds have similar-looking letters, Georgian gives each consonant a unique shape. You must learn each character independently.\n\n## Key Points\n\n1. **Ejectives use glottal compression**: Close throat, seal mouth, push up, pop open\n2. **No air puff**: The key difference from aspirated stops -- ejectives are crisp and dry\n3. **Three-way system**: Voiced (ბ, დ, გ) vs. aspirated (თ, ქ, ფ) vs. ejective (ტ, კ, პ)\n4. **Minimal pairs**: თავი/ტანი, ქარი/კარი, ფული/პური -- the distinction changes meaning\n5. **Unique to Caucasian languages**: Rare in Europe, common in Georgian, Chechen, and other Caucasian languages\n6. **Apostrophe notation**: Ejectives are written t', k', p' in transliteration\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-05-recognition\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Identify Ejective Stops\" skill=\"character-recognition\" tests=\"tari,kani,pari\" objectiveId=\"obj-recognize-ejectives\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Georgian ejective stop to its name and sound\n\n- ტ\n- კ\n- პ\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ტ = Tari /tʼ/ (ejective \"t\", tongue behind teeth)\n- კ = Kani /kʼ/ (ejective \"k\", back of tongue)\n- პ = Pari /pʼ/ (ejective \"p\", both lips)\n\n**Explanation:** These three ejective stops are produced with glottal compression rather than lung air. They form the third column of Georgian's three-way stop system alongside voiced and aspirated stops.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-05-sounds\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Ejective Sound Production\" skill=\"character-sound-mapping\" tests=\"tari,kani,pari\" objectiveId=\"obj-ejective-sounds\"}\n\n**Question:** Describe how to produce each ejective sound. What makes ejectives different from aspirated stops?\n\n- ტ is produced by ___\n- კ is produced by ___\n- პ is produced by ___\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ტ /tʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, placing the tongue tip behind the teeth, raising the larynx, and popping the tongue open with no air puff\n- კ /kʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, raising the back of the tongue to the velum, raising the larynx, and releasing with no air puff\n- პ /pʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, pressing the lips together, raising the larynx, and popping the lips open with no air puff\n\n**Explanation:** All three ejectives share the same mechanism: glottal closure traps air in the mouth, the larynx pushes up to compress it, and the mouth releases with a crisp pop. The difference from aspirated stops is the absence of lung airflow -- no breathy puff follows the release.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"ka-05-contrast\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Aspirated vs. Ejective Contrast\" skill=\"character-class-identification\" tests=\"tani,qani,phari,tari,kani,pari\" objectiveId=\"obj-aspirated-vs-ejective\"}\n\n**Question:** Sort these Georgian stops into their correct category: aspirated or ejective\n\n- თ\n- ტ\n- ქ\n- კ\n- ფ\n- პ\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- **Aspirated** (voiceless, puff of air): თ /tʰ/, ქ /kʰ/, ფ /pʰ/\n- **Ejective** (glottal compression, no air): ტ /tʼ/, კ /kʼ/, პ /pʼ/\n\n**Explanation:** The aspirated stops (თ, ქ, ფ) are produced with lung air and a breathy release, similar to English \"t\", \"k\", \"p\" at the start of words. The ejective stops (ტ, კ, პ) are produced with glottal compression and a sharp pop. Remember the minimal pairs: ქარი (wind) vs. კარი (door), ფული (money) vs. პური (bread), თავი (head) vs. ტანი (body).\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nYou have now learned 17 of Georgia's 33 characters, including the complete vowel system and the foundational consonant categories. Future lessons will introduce the remaining consonants: voiced stops (ბ, გ, დ), additional fricatives (ზ, შ, ხ, ჟ, ღ), affricates (ც, ძ, ჩ, ჭ, წ, ჯ), and the glottal consonant ჰ.\n";
+//#endregion
+export { e as default };
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-05-eNuIBRgT.js.map

package/dist/lesson-05-eNuIBRgT.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-05-eNuIBRgT.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-05.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-05\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 5 — Ejective Stops\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Ejective stops ტ, კ, პ — Georgian's most distinctive consonants and the three-way stop contrast\\\"\\norder: 5\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - consonants\\n  - stops\\n  - ejective\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 25\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-04\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-recognize-ejectives\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the ejective stop consonants ტ, კ, and პ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [tari, kani, pari]\\n    - id: obj-ejective-sounds\\n      description: \\\"Produce the ejective stop sounds with a glottal closure\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [tari, kani, pari]\\n    - id: obj-aspirated-vs-ejective\\n      description: \\\"Distinguish aspirated stops from ejective stops in Georgian\\\"\\n      skill: character-class-identification\\n      references: [tari, kani, pari, tani, qani, phari]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 5 (Lesson 5) — Ejective Stops\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nEjective consonants are the hallmark of Georgian phonology and one of the most fascinating sounds in any language. Found throughout the Caucasus region but rare in European languages, ejectives give Georgian its distinctive crisp, percussive quality. In this lesson, you will learn the three ejective stops and practice distinguishing them from the aspirated stops you learned in Lesson 4.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-ejective-stops\\\" title=\\\"Ejective Stops\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"tari\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"tari\\\" char=\\\"ტ\\\" name=\\\"ტ ტარი (Tari)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"ejective\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"t'\\\" data:ipa=\\\"tʼ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"kani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"kani\\\" char=\\\"კ\\\" name=\\\"კ კანი (Kani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"ejective\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"k'\\\" data:ipa=\\\"kʼ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"pari\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"pari\\\" char=\\\"პ\\\" name=\\\"პ პარი (Pari)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"ejective\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"p'\\\" data:ipa=\\\"pʼ\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What Are Ejective Consonants?\\n\\nEjectives are produced using a fundamentally different mechanism than most consonants:\\n\\n1. **Close the glottis** (the space between your vocal cords, in your throat)\\n2. **Close the mouth** at the appropriate position (lips for პ, tongue tip for ტ, back tongue for კ)\\n3. **Raise the larynx** (Adam's apple moves up), compressing the air trapped between the two closures\\n4. **Release the mouth closure** -- the compressed air pops out with a sharp, crisp sound\\n5. **No airflow from lungs** -- unlike aspirated sounds, no air rushes through\\n\\nThe result is a short, sharp, percussive sound with no breathiness. It sounds like a quiet \\\"pop\\\" or \\\"click\\\" compared to the breathy release of aspirated stops.\\n\\n## The Three Ejective Stops\\n\\n| Letter | Name | IPA | Transliteration | Place of Articulation |\\n|--------|------|-----|-----------------|-----------------------|\\n| ტ | ტარი (Tari) | /tʼ/ | t' | Alveolar (tongue tip behind teeth) |\\n| კ | კანი (Kani) | /kʼ/ | k' | Velar (back of tongue) |\\n| პ | პარი (Pari) | /pʼ/ | p' | Bilabial (both lips) |\\n\\nThe apostrophe in the transliteration (t', k', p') is the standard way to mark ejectives in linguistic notation.\\n\\n## How to Produce Ejectives\\n\\nTry this exercise to feel the glottal closure:\\n\\n1. Say \\\"uh-oh\\\" -- the break between \\\"uh\\\" and \\\"oh\\\" is a glottal stop\\n2. Now hold that closed-throat feeling\\n3. With your throat closed, press your lips together (for პ)\\n4. Push your throat upward slightly, then pop your lips open\\n5. You should hear a crisp pop with no air following it\\n\\nCompare this with ფ (aspirated): say \\\"pot\\\" and feel the air puff. Then say პ with no air at all -- just a pop.\\n\\n## The Complete Three-Way System\\n\\nNow you can see the full picture of Georgian stop consonants:\\n\\n| Place | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |\\n|-------|--------|-----------|----------|\\n| Bilabial (lips) | ბ /b/ | ფ /pʰ/ | **პ /pʼ/** |\\n| Alveolar (tongue tip) | დ /d/ | თ /tʰ/ | **ტ /tʼ/** |\\n| Velar (back tongue) | გ /ɡ/ | ქ /kʰ/ | **კ /kʼ/** |\\n\\nEach row shares the same **place** of articulation (where in the mouth the closure happens). Each column shares the same **manner** (how the sound is released):\\n\\n- **Voiced**: Vocal cords vibrate during the closure\\n- **Aspirated**: Voiceless with a puff of air after release\\n- **Ejective**: Voiceless with glottal compression, no air puff\\n\\nThis three-way distinction is one of the defining features of South Caucasian (Kartvelian) languages.\\n\\n## Minimal Pairs: Aspirated vs. Ejective\\n\\nThese word pairs differ only in whether the stop is aspirated or ejective:\\n\\n| Aspirated | Meaning | Ejective | Meaning |\\n|-----------|---------|----------|---------|\\n| **თ**ავი /tʰavi/ | head | **ტ**ანი /tʼani/ | body |\\n| **ქ**არი /kʰari/ | wind | **კ**არი /kʼari/ | door |\\n| **ფ**ული /pʰuli/ | money | **პ**ური /pʼuri/ | bread |\\n\\nListen carefully to the difference: the aspirated versions have a breathy release (like English), while the ejective versions have a sharp pop with no breath.\\n\\n## Words with Ejective Stops\\n\\n| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |\\n|------|--------------|---------|\\n| კარი | kʼa-ri | door |\\n| ტანი | tʼa-ni | body |\\n| პური | pʼu-ri | bread |\\n| კალამი | kʼa-la-mi | pen |\\n| პირი | pʼi-ri | mouth; face |\\n| ტალი | tʼa-li | a type of elm tree |\\n\\n**პური** (p'uri, \\\"bread\\\") is an essential Georgian word. Georgian bread, especially **შოთი** (shoti) baked in a traditional clay oven called a **თონე** (tone), is central to Georgian culture and cuisine.\\n\\n## Recognizing the Shapes\\n\\nCompare aspirated and ejective characters -- they look completely different despite representing related sounds:\\n\\n| Aspirated | Ejective | Sound Pair |\\n|-----------|----------|------------|\\n| თ | ტ | t-sounds |\\n| ქ | კ | k-sounds |\\n| ფ | პ | p-sounds |\\n\\nUnlike some writing systems where related sounds have similar-looking letters, Georgian gives each consonant a unique shape. You must learn each character independently.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **Ejectives use glottal compression**: Close throat, seal mouth, push up, pop open\\n2. **No air puff**: The key difference from aspirated stops -- ejectives are crisp and dry\\n3. **Three-way system**: Voiced (ბ, დ, გ) vs. aspirated (თ, ქ, ფ) vs. ejective (ტ, კ, პ)\\n4. **Minimal pairs**: თავი/ტანი, ქარი/კარი, ფული/პური -- the distinction changes meaning\\n5. **Unique to Caucasian languages**: Rare in Europe, common in Georgian, Chechen, and other Caucasian languages\\n6. **Apostrophe notation**: Ejectives are written t', k', p' in transliteration\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-05-recognition\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Identify Ejective Stops\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"tari,kani,pari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-recognize-ejectives\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian ejective stop to its name and sound\\n\\n- ტ\\n- კ\\n- პ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ტ = Tari /tʼ/ (ejective \\\"t\\\", tongue behind teeth)\\n- კ = Kani /kʼ/ (ejective \\\"k\\\", back of tongue)\\n- პ = Pari /pʼ/ (ejective \\\"p\\\", both lips)\\n\\n**Explanation:** These three ejective stops are produced with glottal compression rather than lung air. They form the third column of Georgian's three-way stop system alongside voiced and aspirated stops.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-05-sounds\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Ejective Sound Production\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"tari,kani,pari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-ejective-sounds\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Describe how to produce each ejective sound. What makes ejectives different from aspirated stops?\\n\\n- ტ is produced by ___\\n- კ is produced by ___\\n- პ is produced by ___\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ტ /tʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, placing the tongue tip behind the teeth, raising the larynx, and popping the tongue open with no air puff\\n- კ /kʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, raising the back of the tongue to the velum, raising the larynx, and releasing with no air puff\\n- პ /pʼ/ is produced by closing the glottis, pressing the lips together, raising the larynx, and popping the lips open with no air puff\\n\\n**Explanation:** All three ejectives share the same mechanism: glottal closure traps air in the mouth, the larynx pushes up to compress it, and the mouth releases with a crisp pop. The difference from aspirated stops is the absence of lung airflow -- no breathy puff follows the release.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-05-contrast\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Aspirated vs. Ejective Contrast\\\" skill=\\\"character-class-identification\\\" tests=\\\"tani,qani,phari,tari,kani,pari\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-aspirated-vs-ejective\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Sort these Georgian stops into their correct category: aspirated or ejective\\n\\n- თ\\n- ტ\\n- ქ\\n- კ\\n- ფ\\n- პ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- **Aspirated** (voiceless, puff of air): თ /tʰ/, ქ /kʰ/, ფ /pʰ/\\n- **Ejective** (glottal compression, no air): ტ /tʼ/, კ /kʼ/, პ /pʼ/\\n\\n**Explanation:** The aspirated stops (თ, ქ, ფ) are produced with lung air and a breathy release, similar to English \\\"t\\\", \\\"k\\\", \\\"p\\\" at the start of words. The ejective stops (ტ, კ, პ) are produced with glottal compression and a sharp pop. Remember the minimal pairs: ქარი (wind) vs. კარი (door), ფული (money) vs. პური (bread), თავი (head) vs. ტანი (body).\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nYou have now learned 17 of Georgia's 33 characters, including the complete vowel system and the foundational consonant categories. Future lessons will introduce the remaining consonants: voiced stops (ბ, გ, დ), additional fricatives (ზ, შ, ხ, ჟ, ღ), affricates (ც, ძ, ჩ, ჭ, წ, ჯ), and the glottal consonant ჰ.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}

package/dist/lesson-06-CaJFtC5V.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//#region src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-06.mdx?raw
+var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-06\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 6 — ხმოვანი თანხმოვნები\"\ndescription: \"Voiced Consonants: ბ გ დ ზ — Completing the three-way stop system with voiced stops and the fricative z\"\norder: 6\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\ndifficulty: beginner\ncefrLevel: A1\ncategories:\n  - consonants\n  - voiced\n  - basic-characters\nmetadata:\n  estimatedTime: 25\n  prerequisites:\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-05\n  learningObjectives:\n    - id: obj-voiced-recognition\n      description: \"Recognize the voiced consonants ბ გ დ ზ\"\n      skill: character-recognition\n      references: [bani, gani, doni, zeni]\n    - id: obj-three-way-contrast\n      description: \"Understand the three-way stop contrast: voiced, aspirated, and ejective\"\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\n      references: [bani, gani, doni]\n    - id: obj-voiced-word-reading\n      description: \"Read simple words using voiced consonants\"\n      skill: word-recognition\n      references: [bani, gani, doni, zeni]\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 6 (Lesson 6) — Voiced Consonants\n\n## Introduction\n\nGeorgian has a remarkable **three-way distinction** among stop consonants that is rare among the world's languages. While English distinguishes only voiced and voiceless stops (b vs p), Georgian adds a third category: **ejective** stops. In this lesson, you learn the **voiced** members of this system, plus the voiced fricative ზ.\n\n## The Three-Way Stop System\n\nUnderstanding this system is key to Georgian phonology:\n\n| Type | Lips (labial) | Tongue-tip (dental) | Back (velar) |\n|------|---------------|---------------------|---------------|\n| **Voiced** | ბ /b/ | დ /d/ | გ /g/ |\n| **Aspirated** | ფ /pʰ/ | თ /tʰ/ | ქ /kʰ/ |\n| **Ejective** | პ /pʼ/ | ტ /tʼ/ | კ /kʼ/ |\n\n- **Voiced**: Vocal cords vibrate during the sound (like English b, d, g)\n- **Aspirated**: A puff of air follows the release (like English p, t, k at the start of a word)\n- **Ejective**: The glottis closes, creating a sharp, popping sound (unique to Georgian and other Caucasian languages)\n\n## Characters\n\n:::character-set{id=\"georgian-voiced-consonants\" title=\"Voiced Consonants\"}\n\n::character{id=\"bani\" canonicalRef=\"bani\" char=\"ბ\" name=\"ბ ბანი (Bani)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"stop\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"b\" data:ipa=\"b\"}\n\n::character{id=\"gani\" canonicalRef=\"gani\" char=\"გ\" name=\"გ განი (Gani)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"stop\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"g\" data:ipa=\"ɡ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"doni\" canonicalRef=\"doni\" char=\"დ\" name=\"დ დონი (Doni)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"stop\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"d\" data:ipa=\"d\"}\n\n::character{id=\"zeni\" canonicalRef=\"zeni\" char=\"ზ\" name=\"ზ ზენი (Zeni)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"fricative\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"z\" data:ipa=\"z\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Pronunciation Guide\n\n### ბ (Bani) - /b/\n\nPronounced like English \"b\" in \"boy.\" This is the voiced counterpart to aspirated ფ and ejective პ. Place your hand on your throat while saying it and you should feel vibration.\n\n### გ (Gani) - /g/\n\nPronounced like English \"g\" in \"go.\" The voiced counterpart to aspirated ქ and ejective კ. This is a velar stop produced at the back of the mouth.\n\n### დ (Doni) - /d/\n\nPronounced like English \"d\" in \"do.\" The voiced counterpart to aspirated თ and ejective ტ. Georgian dental stops are produced with the tongue touching the teeth, slightly more forward than English.\n\n### ზ (Zeni) - /z/\n\nPronounced like English \"z\" in \"zoo.\" This is a voiced alveolar fricative. Unlike the stops above, ზ does not have a three-way contrast; it pairs only with its voiceless counterpart ს.\n\n## Practice Words\n\n| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |\n|------|----------------|---------|-------|\n| ბაგა | baga | garden | Uses ბ with vowels |\n| გარი | gari | gari | Uses გ with vowels |\n| დილა | dila | morning | Common greeting word |\n| ზამა | zama | zama | Uses ზ with vowels |\n\n## Recognizing the Shapes\n\nEach Mkhedruli letter has a distinctive shape:\n\n- **ბ** has a rounded body with a descending stroke\n- **გ** features a curved hook shape\n- **დ** has a compact, rounded form\n- **ზ** has a distinctive zigzag-like stroke\n\nPractice tracing each letter to build muscle memory for recognition.\n\n## Key Points\n\n1. **Three-way contrast**: Georgian stops come in voiced/aspirated/ejective triples\n2. **Voiced = vibration**: Feel your throat vibrate for ბ, გ, დ, ზ\n3. **ზ is a fricative**: It pairs with voiceless ს rather than fitting the three-way stop pattern\n4. **Dental articulation**: Georgian dental sounds are produced slightly more forward than English\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"voiced-recognition-06\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Voiced Consonant Recognition\" skill=\"character-recognition\" tests=\"bani,gani,doni,zeni\" objectiveId=\"obj-voiced-recognition\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its transliteration\n\n- ბ\n- გ\n- დ\n- ზ\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- b (Bani) - voiced bilabial stop\n- g (Gani) - voiced velar stop\n- d (Doni) - voiced dental stop\n- z (Zeni) - voiced alveolar fricative\n\n**Explanation:** These four consonants are all voiced, meaning the vocal cords vibrate during their production. The first three are stops (complete closure of airflow) while ზ is a fricative (partial obstruction).\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"three-way-contrast-06\" type=\"multiple-choice\" title=\"Three-Way Stop Contrast\" skill=\"character-sound-mapping\" tests=\"bani,gani,doni\" objectiveId=\"obj-three-way-contrast\"}\n\n**Question:** Georgian has a three-way distinction among stop consonants. Which set correctly shows the voiced, aspirated, and ejective labial stops?\n\n**Options:**\n- ბ (voiced), ფ (aspirated), პ (ejective)\n- ბ (voiced), პ (aspirated), ფ (ejective)\n- ფ (voiced), ბ (aspirated), პ (ejective)\n- პ (voiced), ფ (aspirated), ბ (ejective)\n\n**Answer:** 1\n\n**Explanation:** The three-way labial stop system is: ბ /b/ (voiced, vocal cords vibrate), ფ /pʰ/ (aspirated, puff of air), პ /pʼ/ (ejective, glottal closure). This same pattern repeats for dental (დ/თ/ტ) and velar (გ/ქ/კ) stops.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"voiced-word-reading-06\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Simple Word Reading\" skill=\"word-recognition\" tests=\"bani,gani,doni,zeni\" objectiveId=\"obj-voiced-word-reading\"}\n\n**Question:** Read each word and identify the voiced consonant it begins with\n\n- ბაგა (baga - garden)\n- გარი (gari)\n- დილა (dila - morning)\n- ზამა (zama)\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ბ (Bani, /b/) - voiced bilabial stop\n- გ (Gani, /g/) - voiced velar stop\n- დ (Doni, /d/) - voiced dental stop\n- ზ (Zeni, /z/) - voiced alveolar fricative\n\n**Explanation:** Each word begins with a voiced consonant. Practice reading these words aloud, paying attention to the vibration of your vocal cords on the initial consonant.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 7, you'll learn the sibilant fricative შ and the aspirated affricates ც and ჩ, expanding your knowledge of Georgian's rich consonant system.\n";
+//#endregion
+export { e as default };
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-06-CaJFtC5V.js.map

package/dist/lesson-06-CaJFtC5V.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-06-CaJFtC5V.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-06.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-06\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 6 — ხმოვანი თანხმოვნები\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Voiced Consonants: ბ გ დ ზ — Completing the three-way stop system with voiced stops and the fricative z\\\"\\norder: 6\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: beginner\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - consonants\\n  - voiced\\n  - basic-characters\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 25\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-05\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-voiced-recognition\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the voiced consonants ბ გ დ ზ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [bani, gani, doni, zeni]\\n    - id: obj-three-way-contrast\\n      description: \\\"Understand the three-way stop contrast: voiced, aspirated, and ejective\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [bani, gani, doni]\\n    - id: obj-voiced-word-reading\\n      description: \\\"Read simple words using voiced consonants\\\"\\n      skill: word-recognition\\n      references: [bani, gani, doni, zeni]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 6 (Lesson 6) — Voiced Consonants\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgian has a remarkable **three-way distinction** among stop consonants that is rare among the world's languages. While English distinguishes only voiced and voiceless stops (b vs p), Georgian adds a third category: **ejective** stops. In this lesson, you learn the **voiced** members of this system, plus the voiced fricative ზ.\\n\\n## The Three-Way Stop System\\n\\nUnderstanding this system is key to Georgian phonology:\\n\\n| Type | Lips (labial) | Tongue-tip (dental) | Back (velar) |\\n|------|---------------|---------------------|---------------|\\n| **Voiced** | ბ /b/ | დ /d/ | გ /g/ |\\n| **Aspirated** | ფ /pʰ/ | თ /tʰ/ | ქ /kʰ/ |\\n| **Ejective** | პ /pʼ/ | ტ /tʼ/ | კ /kʼ/ |\\n\\n- **Voiced**: Vocal cords vibrate during the sound (like English b, d, g)\\n- **Aspirated**: A puff of air follows the release (like English p, t, k at the start of a word)\\n- **Ejective**: The glottis closes, creating a sharp, popping sound (unique to Georgian and other Caucasian languages)\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-voiced-consonants\\\" title=\\\"Voiced Consonants\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"bani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"bani\\\" char=\\\"ბ\\\" name=\\\"ბ ბანი (Bani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"b\\\" data:ipa=\\\"b\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"gani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"gani\\\" char=\\\"გ\\\" name=\\\"გ განი (Gani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"g\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ɡ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"doni\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"doni\\\" char=\\\"დ\\\" name=\\\"დ დონი (Doni)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"stop\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"d\\\" data:ipa=\\\"d\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"zeni\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"zeni\\\" char=\\\"ზ\\\" name=\\\"ზ ზენი (Zeni)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"z\\\" data:ipa=\\\"z\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Pronunciation Guide\\n\\n### ბ (Bani) - /b/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"b\\\" in \\\"boy.\\\" This is the voiced counterpart to aspirated ფ and ejective პ. Place your hand on your throat while saying it and you should feel vibration.\\n\\n### გ (Gani) - /g/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"g\\\" in \\\"go.\\\" The voiced counterpart to aspirated ქ and ejective კ. This is a velar stop produced at the back of the mouth.\\n\\n### დ (Doni) - /d/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"d\\\" in \\\"do.\\\" The voiced counterpart to aspirated თ and ejective ტ. Georgian dental stops are produced with the tongue touching the teeth, slightly more forward than English.\\n\\n### ზ (Zeni) - /z/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"z\\\" in \\\"zoo.\\\" This is a voiced alveolar fricative. Unlike the stops above, ზ does not have a three-way contrast; it pairs only with its voiceless counterpart ს.\\n\\n## Practice Words\\n\\n| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |\\n|------|----------------|---------|-------|\\n| ბაგა | baga | garden | Uses ბ with vowels |\\n| გარი | gari | gari | Uses გ with vowels |\\n| დილა | dila | morning | Common greeting word |\\n| ზამა | zama | zama | Uses ზ with vowels |\\n\\n## Recognizing the Shapes\\n\\nEach Mkhedruli letter has a distinctive shape:\\n\\n- **ბ** has a rounded body with a descending stroke\\n- **გ** features a curved hook shape\\n- **დ** has a compact, rounded form\\n- **ზ** has a distinctive zigzag-like stroke\\n\\nPractice tracing each letter to build muscle memory for recognition.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **Three-way contrast**: Georgian stops come in voiced/aspirated/ejective triples\\n2. **Voiced = vibration**: Feel your throat vibrate for ბ, გ, დ, ზ\\n3. **ზ is a fricative**: It pairs with voiceless ს rather than fitting the three-way stop pattern\\n4. **Dental articulation**: Georgian dental sounds are produced slightly more forward than English\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"voiced-recognition-06\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Voiced Consonant Recognition\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"bani,gani,doni,zeni\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-voiced-recognition\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its transliteration\\n\\n- ბ\\n- გ\\n- დ\\n- ზ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- b (Bani) - voiced bilabial stop\\n- g (Gani) - voiced velar stop\\n- d (Doni) - voiced dental stop\\n- z (Zeni) - voiced alveolar fricative\\n\\n**Explanation:** These four consonants are all voiced, meaning the vocal cords vibrate during their production. The first three are stops (complete closure of airflow) while ზ is a fricative (partial obstruction).\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"three-way-contrast-06\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Three-Way Stop Contrast\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"bani,gani,doni\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-three-way-contrast\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Georgian has a three-way distinction among stop consonants. Which set correctly shows the voiced, aspirated, and ejective labial stops?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- ბ (voiced), ფ (aspirated), პ (ejective)\\n- ბ (voiced), პ (aspirated), ფ (ejective)\\n- ფ (voiced), ბ (aspirated), პ (ejective)\\n- პ (voiced), ფ (aspirated), ბ (ejective)\\n\\n**Answer:** 1\\n\\n**Explanation:** The three-way labial stop system is: ბ /b/ (voiced, vocal cords vibrate), ფ /pʰ/ (aspirated, puff of air), პ /pʼ/ (ejective, glottal closure). This same pattern repeats for dental (დ/თ/ტ) and velar (გ/ქ/კ) stops.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"voiced-word-reading-06\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Simple Word Reading\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"bani,gani,doni,zeni\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-voiced-word-reading\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read each word and identify the voiced consonant it begins with\\n\\n- ბაგა (baga - garden)\\n- გარი (gari)\\n- დილა (dila - morning)\\n- ზამა (zama)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ბ (Bani, /b/) - voiced bilabial stop\\n- გ (Gani, /g/) - voiced velar stop\\n- დ (Doni, /d/) - voiced dental stop\\n- ზ (Zeni, /z/) - voiced alveolar fricative\\n\\n**Explanation:** Each word begins with a voiced consonant. Practice reading these words aloud, paying attention to the vibration of your vocal cords on the initial consonant.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 7, you'll learn the sibilant fricative შ and the aspirated affricates ც and ჩ, expanding your knowledge of Georgian's rich consonant system.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}

package/dist/lesson-07-Bz7RpCPe.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//#region src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-07.mdx?raw
+var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-07\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 7 — სიბილანტები და აფრიკატები I\"\ndescription: \"Sibilants & Affricates I: შ ც ჩ — The sibilant fricative sh and aspirated affricates ts, ch\"\norder: 7\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\ndifficulty: intermediate\ncefrLevel: A1\ncategories:\n  - consonants\n  - sibilants\n  - affricates\n  - intermediate-characters\nmetadata:\n  estimatedTime: 30\n  prerequisites:\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-06\n  learningObjectives:\n    - id: obj-sibilant-recognition\n      description: \"Recognize the sibilant and affricate consonants შ ც ჩ\"\n      skill: character-recognition\n      references: [shini, tsani, chini]\n    - id: obj-affricate-understanding\n      description: \"Understand the difference between fricatives and affricates\"\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\n      references: [shini, tsani, chini]\n    - id: obj-sibilant-word-reading\n      description: \"Read words containing sibilants and affricates\"\n      skill: word-recognition\n      references: [shini, tsani, chini]\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 7 (Lesson 7) — Sibilants & Affricates I\n\n## Introduction\n\nGeorgian has a rich inventory of **sibilant** sounds, which are consonants produced with a hissing or hushing quality. This lesson introduces three key members: the **voiceless fricative** შ (sh) and two **aspirated affricates** ც (ts) and ჩ (ch). These sounds are central to everyday Georgian vocabulary.\n\n## Fricatives vs Affricates\n\nBefore learning the characters, it helps to understand the distinction:\n\n- **Fricative**: Air flows continuously through a narrow gap, producing a hissing sound. Think of the \"sh\" in English \"shoe.\"\n- **Affricate**: The sound begins as a stop (complete closure) and releases into a fricative. Think of the \"ch\" in English \"church\" or \"ts\" in \"cats.\"\n\nGeorgian affricates, like its stops, come in three varieties:\n\n| Type | Alveolar (ts-type) | Postalveolar (ch-type) |\n|------|-------------------|----------------------|\n| **Voiced** | ძ /dz/ | ჯ /dʒ/ |\n| **Aspirated** | ც /tsʰ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ |\n| **Ejective** | წ /tsʼ/ | ჭ /tʃʼ/ |\n\nIn this lesson, you learn the **aspirated** row (ც, ჩ) plus the fricative შ.\n\n## Characters\n\n:::character-set{id=\"georgian-sibilants-affricates-1\" title=\"Sibilants & Affricates I\"}\n\n::character{id=\"shini\" canonicalRef=\"shini\" char=\"შ\" name=\"შ შინი (Shini)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"fricative\" data:voicing=\"voiceless\" data:transliteration=\"sh\" data:ipa=\"ʃ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"tsani\" canonicalRef=\"tsani\" char=\"ც\" name=\"ც ცანი (Tsani)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"affricate\" data:voicing=\"voiceless\" data:transliteration=\"ts\" data:ipa=\"t͡sʰ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"chini\" canonicalRef=\"chini\" char=\"ჩ\" name=\"ჩ ჩინი (Chini)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"affricate\" data:voicing=\"voiceless\" data:transliteration=\"ch\" data:ipa=\"t͡ʃʰ\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Pronunciation Guide\n\n### შ (Shini) - /ʃ/\n\nPronounced like English \"sh\" in \"shoe.\" This is a voiceless postalveolar fricative. The tongue is positioned near the roof of the mouth, and air flows through a narrow channel to create a hushing sound. Unlike the affricates, შ has no stop component.\n\n### ც (Tsani) - /tsʰ/\n\nPronounced like the \"ts\" in English \"cats\" but with a noticeable puff of air (aspiration). This is an **aspirated alveolar affricate**. It begins with the tongue touching the alveolar ridge (like a \"t\") and releases into an \"s\" sound. Hold your hand in front of your mouth to feel the aspiration.\n\n### ჩ (Chini) - /tʃʰ/\n\nPronounced like English \"ch\" in \"church\" but with aspiration. This is an **aspirated postalveolar affricate**. It begins with a stop (like \"t\") and releases into a \"sh\" sound. Like ც, it has a noticeable puff of air.\n\n## The Affricate Three-Way System\n\nJust as Georgian stops have voiced/aspirated/ejective triples, so do its affricates:\n\n### Alveolar (ts-type) affricates:\n| Type | Letter | Sound | Example |\n|------|--------|-------|---------|\n| Voiced | ძ | /dz/ | (Lesson 9) |\n| Aspirated | **ც** | /tsʰ/ | ცალი (tsali) |\n| Ejective | წ | /tsʼ/ | (Lesson 10) |\n\n### Postalveolar (ch-type) affricates:\n| Type | Letter | Sound | Example |\n|------|--------|-------|---------|\n| Voiced | ჯ | /dʒ/ | (Lesson 8) |\n| Aspirated | **ჩ** | /tʃʰ/ | ჩაი (chai) |\n| Ejective | ჭ | /tʃʼ/ | (Lesson 10) |\n\n## Practice Words\n\n| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |\n|------|----------------|---------|-------|\n| შინი | shini | shini | The letter name itself |\n| ცალი | tsali | one, single | Common word using ც |\n| ჩაი | chai | tea | Borrowed word, easy to remember |\n\n## Recognizing the Shapes\n\n- **შ** has a wide, spreading form with multiple strokes branching out\n- **ც** is compact with a distinctive curved tail\n- **ჩ** resembles a hook or crescent shape\n\nThe visual distinction between ც and ჩ is important since their sounds are related (both are affricates). Practice identifying them side by side.\n\n## Aspiration in Georgian\n\nA key concept for English speakers: Georgian aspirated consonants (like ც and ჩ) are similar to English unvoiced consonants at the start of words. English \"ch\" is naturally aspirated, so ჩ should feel familiar. However, Georgian distinguishes this from the ejective versions (წ, ჭ), which have no English equivalent.\n\n## Key Points\n\n1. **შ is a pure fricative**: Continuous airflow, no stop component\n2. **ც and ჩ are aspirated affricates**: Stop + fricative release with a puff of air\n3. **Three-way system extends to affricates**: Voiced/aspirated/ejective, just like stops\n4. **ჩაი (tea) is a great mnemonic**: The Georgian word for tea sounds like English \"chai\"\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"sibilant-recognition-07\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Sibilant & Affricate Recognition\" skill=\"character-recognition\" tests=\"shini,tsani,chini\" objectiveId=\"obj-sibilant-recognition\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its sound\n\n- შ\n- ც\n- ჩ\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- sh /ʃ/ (Shini) - voiceless postalveolar fricative\n- ts /tsʰ/ (Tsani) - aspirated alveolar affricate\n- ch /tʃʰ/ (Chini) - aspirated postalveolar affricate\n\n**Explanation:** შ is a pure fricative (continuous airflow), while ც and ჩ are affricates (they begin with a stop and release into a fricative). All three are voiceless but ც and ჩ have aspiration.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"fricative-vs-affricate-07\" type=\"multiple-choice\" title=\"Fricative vs Affricate\" skill=\"character-sound-mapping\" tests=\"shini,tsani,chini\" objectiveId=\"obj-affricate-understanding\"}\n\n**Question:** What is the key difference between a fricative like შ and an affricate like ჩ?\n\n**Options:**\n- Fricatives are voiced; affricates are voiceless\n- Fricatives have continuous airflow; affricates begin with a stop and release into a fricative\n- Fricatives are louder than affricates\n- There is no difference; they are the same type of sound\n\n**Answer:** 2\n\n**Explanation:** A fricative like შ (/ʃ/) has continuous airflow through a narrow gap. An affricate like ჩ (/tʃʰ/) begins with complete closure (a stop) and then releases into a fricative. This is why \"ch\" sounds like a combination of \"t\" and \"sh.\"\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"sibilant-word-reading-07\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Word Reading with Sibilants\" skill=\"word-recognition\" tests=\"shini,tsani,chini\" objectiveId=\"obj-sibilant-word-reading\"}\n\n**Question:** Identify the sibilant or affricate consonant in each word and give its transliteration\n\n- შინი\n- ცალი (one, single)\n- ჩაი (tea)\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- შ (sh, /ʃ/) - voiceless postalveolar fricative\n- ც (ts, /tsʰ/) - aspirated alveolar affricate\n- ჩ (ch, /tʃʰ/) - aspirated postalveolar affricate\n\n**Explanation:** Each word begins with a sibilant or affricate consonant. Notice how ჩაი (chai, tea) is easy to remember because it resembles the English word \"chai.\"\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 8, you'll learn the advanced fricatives ხ, ჯ, and ჟ, including the velar fricative and the voiced affricate and fricative counterparts.\n";
+//#endregion
+export { e as default };
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-07-Bz7RpCPe.js.map

package/dist/lesson-07-Bz7RpCPe.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-07-Bz7RpCPe.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-07.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-07\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 7 — სიბილანტები და აფრიკატები I\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Sibilants & Affricates I: შ ც ჩ — The sibilant fricative sh and aspirated affricates ts, ch\\\"\\norder: 7\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - consonants\\n  - sibilants\\n  - affricates\\n  - intermediate-characters\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 30\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-06\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-sibilant-recognition\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the sibilant and affricate consonants შ ც ჩ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [shini, tsani, chini]\\n    - id: obj-affricate-understanding\\n      description: \\\"Understand the difference between fricatives and affricates\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [shini, tsani, chini]\\n    - id: obj-sibilant-word-reading\\n      description: \\\"Read words containing sibilants and affricates\\\"\\n      skill: word-recognition\\n      references: [shini, tsani, chini]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 7 (Lesson 7) — Sibilants & Affricates I\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgian has a rich inventory of **sibilant** sounds, which are consonants produced with a hissing or hushing quality. This lesson introduces three key members: the **voiceless fricative** შ (sh) and two **aspirated affricates** ც (ts) and ჩ (ch). These sounds are central to everyday Georgian vocabulary.\\n\\n## Fricatives vs Affricates\\n\\nBefore learning the characters, it helps to understand the distinction:\\n\\n- **Fricative**: Air flows continuously through a narrow gap, producing a hissing sound. Think of the \\\"sh\\\" in English \\\"shoe.\\\"\\n- **Affricate**: The sound begins as a stop (complete closure) and releases into a fricative. Think of the \\\"ch\\\" in English \\\"church\\\" or \\\"ts\\\" in \\\"cats.\\\"\\n\\nGeorgian affricates, like its stops, come in three varieties:\\n\\n| Type | Alveolar (ts-type) | Postalveolar (ch-type) |\\n|------|-------------------|----------------------|\\n| **Voiced** | ძ /dz/ | ჯ /dʒ/ |\\n| **Aspirated** | ც /tsʰ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ |\\n| **Ejective** | წ /tsʼ/ | ჭ /tʃʼ/ |\\n\\nIn this lesson, you learn the **aspirated** row (ც, ჩ) plus the fricative შ.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-sibilants-affricates-1\\\" title=\\\"Sibilants & Affricates I\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"shini\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"shini\\\" char=\\\"შ\\\" name=\\\"შ შინი (Shini)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"sh\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ʃ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"tsani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"tsani\\\" char=\\\"ც\\\" name=\\\"ც ცანი (Tsani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"affricate\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"ts\\\" data:ipa=\\\"t͡sʰ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"chini\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"chini\\\" char=\\\"ჩ\\\" name=\\\"ჩ ჩინი (Chini)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"affricate\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"ch\\\" data:ipa=\\\"t͡ʃʰ\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Pronunciation Guide\\n\\n### შ (Shini) - /ʃ/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"sh\\\" in \\\"shoe.\\\" This is a voiceless postalveolar fricative. The tongue is positioned near the roof of the mouth, and air flows through a narrow channel to create a hushing sound. Unlike the affricates, შ has no stop component.\\n\\n### ც (Tsani) - /tsʰ/\\n\\nPronounced like the \\\"ts\\\" in English \\\"cats\\\" but with a noticeable puff of air (aspiration). This is an **aspirated alveolar affricate**. It begins with the tongue touching the alveolar ridge (like a \\\"t\\\") and releases into an \\\"s\\\" sound. Hold your hand in front of your mouth to feel the aspiration.\\n\\n### ჩ (Chini) - /tʃʰ/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"ch\\\" in \\\"church\\\" but with aspiration. This is an **aspirated postalveolar affricate**. It begins with a stop (like \\\"t\\\") and releases into a \\\"sh\\\" sound. Like ც, it has a noticeable puff of air.\\n\\n## The Affricate Three-Way System\\n\\nJust as Georgian stops have voiced/aspirated/ejective triples, so do its affricates:\\n\\n### Alveolar (ts-type) affricates:\\n| Type | Letter | Sound | Example |\\n|------|--------|-------|---------|\\n| Voiced | ძ | /dz/ | (Lesson 9) |\\n| Aspirated | **ც** | /tsʰ/ | ცალი (tsali) |\\n| Ejective | წ | /tsʼ/ | (Lesson 10) |\\n\\n### Postalveolar (ch-type) affricates:\\n| Type | Letter | Sound | Example |\\n|------|--------|-------|---------|\\n| Voiced | ჯ | /dʒ/ | (Lesson 8) |\\n| Aspirated | **ჩ** | /tʃʰ/ | ჩაი (chai) |\\n| Ejective | ჭ | /tʃʼ/ | (Lesson 10) |\\n\\n## Practice Words\\n\\n| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |\\n|------|----------------|---------|-------|\\n| შინი | shini | shini | The letter name itself |\\n| ცალი | tsali | one, single | Common word using ც |\\n| ჩაი | chai | tea | Borrowed word, easy to remember |\\n\\n## Recognizing the Shapes\\n\\n- **შ** has a wide, spreading form with multiple strokes branching out\\n- **ც** is compact with a distinctive curved tail\\n- **ჩ** resembles a hook or crescent shape\\n\\nThe visual distinction between ც and ჩ is important since their sounds are related (both are affricates). Practice identifying them side by side.\\n\\n## Aspiration in Georgian\\n\\nA key concept for English speakers: Georgian aspirated consonants (like ც and ჩ) are similar to English unvoiced consonants at the start of words. English \\\"ch\\\" is naturally aspirated, so ჩ should feel familiar. However, Georgian distinguishes this from the ejective versions (წ, ჭ), which have no English equivalent.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **შ is a pure fricative**: Continuous airflow, no stop component\\n2. **ც and ჩ are aspirated affricates**: Stop + fricative release with a puff of air\\n3. **Three-way system extends to affricates**: Voiced/aspirated/ejective, just like stops\\n4. **ჩაი (tea) is a great mnemonic**: The Georgian word for tea sounds like English \\\"chai\\\"\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"sibilant-recognition-07\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Sibilant & Affricate Recognition\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"shini,tsani,chini\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-sibilant-recognition\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its sound\\n\\n- შ\\n- ც\\n- ჩ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- sh /ʃ/ (Shini) - voiceless postalveolar fricative\\n- ts /tsʰ/ (Tsani) - aspirated alveolar affricate\\n- ch /tʃʰ/ (Chini) - aspirated postalveolar affricate\\n\\n**Explanation:** შ is a pure fricative (continuous airflow), while ც and ჩ are affricates (they begin with a stop and release into a fricative). All three are voiceless but ც and ჩ have aspiration.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"fricative-vs-affricate-07\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Fricative vs Affricate\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"shini,tsani,chini\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-affricate-understanding\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** What is the key difference between a fricative like შ and an affricate like ჩ?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- Fricatives are voiced; affricates are voiceless\\n- Fricatives have continuous airflow; affricates begin with a stop and release into a fricative\\n- Fricatives are louder than affricates\\n- There is no difference; they are the same type of sound\\n\\n**Answer:** 2\\n\\n**Explanation:** A fricative like შ (/ʃ/) has continuous airflow through a narrow gap. An affricate like ჩ (/tʃʰ/) begins with complete closure (a stop) and then releases into a fricative. This is why \\\"ch\\\" sounds like a combination of \\\"t\\\" and \\\"sh.\\\"\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"sibilant-word-reading-07\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Word Reading with Sibilants\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"shini,tsani,chini\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-sibilant-word-reading\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Identify the sibilant or affricate consonant in each word and give its transliteration\\n\\n- შინი\\n- ცალი (one, single)\\n- ჩაი (tea)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- შ (sh, /ʃ/) - voiceless postalveolar fricative\\n- ც (ts, /tsʰ/) - aspirated alveolar affricate\\n- ჩ (ch, /tʃʰ/) - aspirated postalveolar affricate\\n\\n**Explanation:** Each word begins with a sibilant or affricate consonant. Notice how ჩაი (chai, tea) is easy to remember because it resembles the English word \\\"chai.\\\"\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 8, you'll learn the advanced fricatives ხ, ჯ, and ჟ, including the velar fricative and the voiced affricate and fricative counterparts.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}

package/dist/lesson-08-CBEhy7Ii.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//#region src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-08.mdx?raw
+var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-08\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 8 — რთული ფრიკატივები\"\ndescription: \"Advanced Fricatives: ხ ჯ ჟ — The velar fricative kh, voiced affricate j, and voiced fricative zh\"\norder: 8\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\ndifficulty: intermediate\ncefrLevel: A1\ncategories:\n  - consonants\n  - fricatives\n  - affricates\n  - intermediate-characters\nmetadata:\n  estimatedTime: 30\n  prerequisites:\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-07\n  learningObjectives:\n    - id: obj-advanced-fricative-recognition\n      description: \"Recognize the advanced fricatives and affricate ხ ჯ ჟ\"\n      skill: character-recognition\n      references: [khani, jani, zhani]\n    - id: obj-voiced-sibilant-contrast\n      description: \"Distinguish voiced sibilants from their voiceless counterparts\"\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\n      references: [jani, zhani]\n    - id: obj-advanced-word-reading\n      description: \"Read words containing advanced fricatives\"\n      skill: word-recognition\n      references: [khani, jani, zhani]\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 8 (Lesson 8) — Advanced Fricatives\n\n## Introduction\n\nThis lesson introduces three consonants that may be challenging for English speakers: the **velar fricative** ხ (kh), the **voiced postalveolar affricate** ჯ (j), and the **voiced postalveolar fricative** ჟ (zh). These sounds round out your knowledge of Georgian's fricative and affricate inventory.\n\n## Characters\n\n:::character-set{id=\"georgian-advanced-fricatives\" title=\"Advanced Fricatives\"}\n\n::character{id=\"khani\" canonicalRef=\"khani\" char=\"ხ\" name=\"ხ ხანი (Khani)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"fricative\" data:voicing=\"voiceless\" data:transliteration=\"kh\" data:ipa=\"x\"}\n\n::character{id=\"jani\" canonicalRef=\"jani\" char=\"ჯ\" name=\"ჯ ჯანი (Jani)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"affricate\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"j\" data:ipa=\"d͡ʒ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"zhani\" canonicalRef=\"zhani\" char=\"ჟ\" name=\"ჟ ჟანი (Zhani)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"fricative\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"zh\" data:ipa=\"ʒ\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Pronunciation Guide\n\n### ხ (Khani) - /x/\n\nThis is a **voiceless velar fricative**, produced at the same place as \"k\" but with continuous airflow instead of a complete stop. It sounds like the \"ch\" in German \"Bach\" or Scottish \"loch.\" To produce it, position your tongue as if saying \"k\" but let the air flow through instead of stopping it.\n\nDo not confuse ხ with the aspirated stop ქ (/kʰ/):\n- ქ has a complete closure followed by a burst of air\n- ხ has continuous friction without closure\n\n### ჯ (Jani) - /dʒ/\n\nPronounced like English \"j\" in \"jam\" or \"g\" in \"gem.\" This is the **voiced** counterpart to the aspirated affricate ჩ (/tʃʰ/). The three-way postalveolar affricate system is:\n\n| Type | Letter | Sound |\n|------|--------|-------|\n| **Voiced** | **ჯ** | /dʒ/ |\n| Aspirated | ჩ | /tʃʰ/ |\n| Ejective | ჭ | /tʃʼ/ |\n\n### ჟ (Zhani) - /ʒ/\n\nPronounced like the \"s\" in English \"pleasure\" or \"zh\" in \"Zhivago.\" This is a **voiced postalveolar fricative**, the voiced counterpart to შ (/ʃ/). While შ is voiceless (like \"sh\"), ჟ adds vocal cord vibration (like \"zh\").\n\n| Voicing | Fricative | Affricate |\n|---------|-----------|-----------|\n| Voiceless | შ /ʃ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ |\n| **Voiced** | **ჟ /ʒ/** | **ჯ /dʒ/** |\n\n## The Voiced-Voiceless Pairs\n\nThis lesson completes important voiced-voiceless pairs in the sibilant system:\n\n- **შ** (sh, voiceless) pairs with **ჟ** (zh, voiced)\n- **ჩ** (ch, voiceless aspirated) contrasts with **ჯ** (j, voiced)\n\nTo distinguish them, place your hand on your throat:\n- For voiceless შ and ჩ, you feel no vibration\n- For voiced ჟ and ჯ, you feel clear vibration\n\n## Practice Words\n\n| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |\n|------|----------------|---------|-------|\n| ხილი | khili | fruit | Very common word |\n| ჯამი | jami | bowl | Everyday vocabulary |\n| ჟამი | zhami | time | Literary/formal usage |\n\n## The Velar Fricative Family\n\nGeorgian has several consonants produced at or near the velum (back of the mouth):\n\n| Sound | Type | Letter |\n|-------|------|--------|\n| /k/ | Ejective stop | კ |\n| /kʰ/ | Aspirated stop | ქ |\n| /g/ | Voiced stop | გ |\n| **/x/** | **Voiceless fricative** | **ხ** |\n| /ɣ/ | Voiced fricative | ღ (Lesson 9) |\n\nThe fricatives ხ and ღ form a voiceless-voiced pair, just as შ-ჟ do for the postalveolar position.\n\n## Recognizing the Shapes\n\n- **ხ** has a distinctive crossed or angular form\n- **ჯ** features a tall vertical stroke with a curve\n- **ჟ** has a complex shape with multiple components, reflecting its less common usage\n\nPay special attention to distinguishing ჯ from ჯ's visual neighbors in the alphabet.\n\n## Key Points\n\n1. **ხ is a velar fricative**: Like German \"ch\" in \"Bach,\" not an English sound\n2. **ჯ is voiced \"j\"**: The voiced member of the postalveolar affricate triple\n3. **ჟ is voiced \"zh\"**: Like English \"pleasure,\" the voiced counterpart to შ\n4. **Voiced-voiceless pairs**: შ/ჟ and ჩ/ჯ mirror each other\n5. **ხილი (fruit)**: A great practice word for the velar fricative\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"advanced-fricative-recognition-08\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Advanced Fricative Recognition\" skill=\"character-recognition\" tests=\"khani,jani,zhani\" objectiveId=\"obj-advanced-fricative-recognition\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its sound description\n\n- ხ\n- ჯ\n- ჟ\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- kh /x/ (Khani) - voiceless velar fricative, like German \"Bach\"\n- j /dʒ/ (Jani) - voiced postalveolar affricate, like English \"jam\"\n- zh /ʒ/ (Zhani) - voiced postalveolar fricative, like English \"pleasure\"\n\n**Explanation:** These three consonants represent different manners of articulation. ხ is produced at the velum (back of the mouth), while ჯ and ჟ are both postalveolar (behind the alveolar ridge). ჯ is an affricate (stop + fricative) and ჟ is a pure fricative.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"voiced-sibilant-contrast-08\" type=\"multiple-choice\" title=\"Voiced Sibilant Pairs\" skill=\"character-sound-mapping\" tests=\"jani,zhani\" objectiveId=\"obj-voiced-sibilant-contrast\"}\n\n**Question:** Which pair correctly shows a voiceless consonant and its voiced counterpart?\n\n**Options:**\n- შ (voiceless) and ჟ (voiced)\n- ჩ (voiceless) and ჟ (voiced)\n- შ (voiceless) and ჯ (voiced)\n- ხ (voiceless) and ჯ (voiced)\n\n**Answer:** 1\n\n**Explanation:** შ (/ʃ/, voiceless) and ჟ (/ʒ/, voiced) are a matched fricative pair at the postalveolar position. ჩ (/tʃʰ/) and ჯ (/dʒ/) also form a pair, but they are affricates, not fricatives. The distinction matters: fricatives have continuous airflow, while affricates begin with a stop.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"advanced-word-reading-08\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Word Reading with Advanced Fricatives\" skill=\"word-recognition\" tests=\"khani,jani,zhani\" objectiveId=\"obj-advanced-word-reading\"}\n\n**Question:** Read each word, identify the target consonant, and describe how it is produced\n\n- ხილი (khili - fruit)\n- ჯამი (jami - bowl)\n- ჟამი (zhami - time)\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ხ (kh, /x/) - voiceless velar fricative: tongue near velum, continuous airflow\n- ჯ (j, /dʒ/) - voiced postalveolar affricate: stop release into fricative with voicing\n- ჟ (zh, /ʒ/) - voiced postalveolar fricative: continuous airflow with voicing\n\n**Explanation:** Each word begins with a different type of consonant. ხილი (fruit) is one of the most common Georgian words and provides excellent practice for the velar fricative. ჯამი (bowl) and ჟამი (time) help distinguish the voiced affricate from the voiced fricative.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 9, you'll learn the less common consonants ღ, ძ, and ჰ, including the distinctive voiced velar fricative and the rare Georgian h.\n";
+//#endregion
+export { e as default };
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+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-08-CBEhy7Ii.js.map

package/dist/lesson-08-CBEhy7Ii.js.map

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+{"version":3,"file":"lesson-08-CBEhy7Ii.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-08.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-08\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 8 — რთული ფრიკატივები\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Advanced Fricatives: ხ ჯ ჟ — The velar fricative kh, voiced affricate j, and voiced fricative zh\\\"\\norder: 8\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - consonants\\n  - fricatives\\n  - affricates\\n  - intermediate-characters\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 30\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-07\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-advanced-fricative-recognition\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the advanced fricatives and affricate ხ ჯ ჟ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [khani, jani, zhani]\\n    - id: obj-voiced-sibilant-contrast\\n      description: \\\"Distinguish voiced sibilants from their voiceless counterparts\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [jani, zhani]\\n    - id: obj-advanced-word-reading\\n      description: \\\"Read words containing advanced fricatives\\\"\\n      skill: word-recognition\\n      references: [khani, jani, zhani]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 8 (Lesson 8) — Advanced Fricatives\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nThis lesson introduces three consonants that may be challenging for English speakers: the **velar fricative** ხ (kh), the **voiced postalveolar affricate** ჯ (j), and the **voiced postalveolar fricative** ჟ (zh). These sounds round out your knowledge of Georgian's fricative and affricate inventory.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-advanced-fricatives\\\" title=\\\"Advanced Fricatives\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"khani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"khani\\\" char=\\\"ხ\\\" name=\\\"ხ ხანი (Khani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"kh\\\" data:ipa=\\\"x\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"jani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"jani\\\" char=\\\"ჯ\\\" name=\\\"ჯ ჯანი (Jani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"affricate\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"j\\\" data:ipa=\\\"d͡ʒ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"zhani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"zhani\\\" char=\\\"ჟ\\\" name=\\\"ჟ ჟანი (Zhani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"zh\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ʒ\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Pronunciation Guide\\n\\n### ხ (Khani) - /x/\\n\\nThis is a **voiceless velar fricative**, produced at the same place as \\\"k\\\" but with continuous airflow instead of a complete stop. It sounds like the \\\"ch\\\" in German \\\"Bach\\\" or Scottish \\\"loch.\\\" To produce it, position your tongue as if saying \\\"k\\\" but let the air flow through instead of stopping it.\\n\\nDo not confuse ხ with the aspirated stop ქ (/kʰ/):\\n- ქ has a complete closure followed by a burst of air\\n- ხ has continuous friction without closure\\n\\n### ჯ (Jani) - /dʒ/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"j\\\" in \\\"jam\\\" or \\\"g\\\" in \\\"gem.\\\" This is the **voiced** counterpart to the aspirated affricate ჩ (/tʃʰ/). The three-way postalveolar affricate system is:\\n\\n| Type | Letter | Sound |\\n|------|--------|-------|\\n| **Voiced** | **ჯ** | /dʒ/ |\\n| Aspirated | ჩ | /tʃʰ/ |\\n| Ejective | ჭ | /tʃʼ/ |\\n\\n### ჟ (Zhani) - /ʒ/\\n\\nPronounced like the \\\"s\\\" in English \\\"pleasure\\\" or \\\"zh\\\" in \\\"Zhivago.\\\" This is a **voiced postalveolar fricative**, the voiced counterpart to შ (/ʃ/). While შ is voiceless (like \\\"sh\\\"), ჟ adds vocal cord vibration (like \\\"zh\\\").\\n\\n| Voicing | Fricative | Affricate |\\n|---------|-----------|-----------|\\n| Voiceless | შ /ʃ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ |\\n| **Voiced** | **ჟ /ʒ/** | **ჯ /dʒ/** |\\n\\n## The Voiced-Voiceless Pairs\\n\\nThis lesson completes important voiced-voiceless pairs in the sibilant system:\\n\\n- **შ** (sh, voiceless) pairs with **ჟ** (zh, voiced)\\n- **ჩ** (ch, voiceless aspirated) contrasts with **ჯ** (j, voiced)\\n\\nTo distinguish them, place your hand on your throat:\\n- For voiceless შ and ჩ, you feel no vibration\\n- For voiced ჟ and ჯ, you feel clear vibration\\n\\n## Practice Words\\n\\n| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |\\n|------|----------------|---------|-------|\\n| ხილი | khili | fruit | Very common word |\\n| ჯამი | jami | bowl | Everyday vocabulary |\\n| ჟამი | zhami | time | Literary/formal usage |\\n\\n## The Velar Fricative Family\\n\\nGeorgian has several consonants produced at or near the velum (back of the mouth):\\n\\n| Sound | Type | Letter |\\n|-------|------|--------|\\n| /k/ | Ejective stop | კ |\\n| /kʰ/ | Aspirated stop | ქ |\\n| /g/ | Voiced stop | გ |\\n| **/x/** | **Voiceless fricative** | **ხ** |\\n| /ɣ/ | Voiced fricative | ღ (Lesson 9) |\\n\\nThe fricatives ხ and ღ form a voiceless-voiced pair, just as შ-ჟ do for the postalveolar position.\\n\\n## Recognizing the Shapes\\n\\n- **ხ** has a distinctive crossed or angular form\\n- **ჯ** features a tall vertical stroke with a curve\\n- **ჟ** has a complex shape with multiple components, reflecting its less common usage\\n\\nPay special attention to distinguishing ჯ from ჯ's visual neighbors in the alphabet.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **ხ is a velar fricative**: Like German \\\"ch\\\" in \\\"Bach,\\\" not an English sound\\n2. **ჯ is voiced \\\"j\\\"**: The voiced member of the postalveolar affricate triple\\n3. **ჟ is voiced \\\"zh\\\"**: Like English \\\"pleasure,\\\" the voiced counterpart to შ\\n4. **Voiced-voiceless pairs**: შ/ჟ and ჩ/ჯ mirror each other\\n5. **ხილი (fruit)**: A great practice word for the velar fricative\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"advanced-fricative-recognition-08\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Advanced Fricative Recognition\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"khani,jani,zhani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-advanced-fricative-recognition\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its sound description\\n\\n- ხ\\n- ჯ\\n- ჟ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- kh /x/ (Khani) - voiceless velar fricative, like German \\\"Bach\\\"\\n- j /dʒ/ (Jani) - voiced postalveolar affricate, like English \\\"jam\\\"\\n- zh /ʒ/ (Zhani) - voiced postalveolar fricative, like English \\\"pleasure\\\"\\n\\n**Explanation:** These three consonants represent different manners of articulation. ხ is produced at the velum (back of the mouth), while ჯ and ჟ are both postalveolar (behind the alveolar ridge). ჯ is an affricate (stop + fricative) and ჟ is a pure fricative.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"voiced-sibilant-contrast-08\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Voiced Sibilant Pairs\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"jani,zhani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-voiced-sibilant-contrast\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Which pair correctly shows a voiceless consonant and its voiced counterpart?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- შ (voiceless) and ჟ (voiced)\\n- ჩ (voiceless) and ჟ (voiced)\\n- შ (voiceless) and ჯ (voiced)\\n- ხ (voiceless) and ჯ (voiced)\\n\\n**Answer:** 1\\n\\n**Explanation:** შ (/ʃ/, voiceless) and ჟ (/ʒ/, voiced) are a matched fricative pair at the postalveolar position. ჩ (/tʃʰ/) and ჯ (/dʒ/) also form a pair, but they are affricates, not fricatives. The distinction matters: fricatives have continuous airflow, while affricates begin with a stop.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"advanced-word-reading-08\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Word Reading with Advanced Fricatives\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"khani,jani,zhani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-advanced-word-reading\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read each word, identify the target consonant, and describe how it is produced\\n\\n- ხილი (khili - fruit)\\n- ჯამი (jami - bowl)\\n- ჟამი (zhami - time)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ხ (kh, /x/) - voiceless velar fricative: tongue near velum, continuous airflow\\n- ჯ (j, /dʒ/) - voiced postalveolar affricate: stop release into fricative with voicing\\n- ჟ (zh, /ʒ/) - voiced postalveolar fricative: continuous airflow with voicing\\n\\n**Explanation:** Each word begins with a different type of consonant. ხილი (fruit) is one of the most common Georgian words and provides excellent practice for the velar fricative. ჯამი (bowl) and ჟამი (time) help distinguish the voiced affricate from the voiced fricative.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 9, you'll learn the less common consonants ღ, ძ, and ჰ, including the distinctive voiced velar fricative and the rare Georgian h.\\n\""],"mappings":";AAAA,IAAA,IAAe"}

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+//#region src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-09.mdx?raw
+var e = "---\ntype: lesson\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-09\ntitle: \"გაკვეთილი 9 — იშვიათი თანხმოვნები\"\ndescription: \"Less Common Consonants: ღ ძ ჰ — The voiced velar fricative gh, voiced affricate dz, and the rare h\"\norder: 9\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\ndifficulty: intermediate\ncefrLevel: A1\ncategories:\n  - consonants\n  - fricatives\n  - affricates\n  - less-common\nmetadata:\n  estimatedTime: 30\n  prerequisites:\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-08\n  learningObjectives:\n    - id: obj-less-common-recognition\n      description: \"Recognize the less common consonants ღ ძ ჰ\"\n      skill: character-recognition\n      references: [ghani, dzili, hae]\n    - id: obj-gh-sound\n      description: \"Produce and identify the voiced velar fricative gh\"\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\n      references: [ghani]\n    - id: obj-less-common-word-reading\n      description: \"Read words containing less common consonants\"\n      skill: word-recognition\n      references: [ghani, dzili, hae]\n---\n\n# გაკვეთილი 9 (Lesson 9) — Less Common Consonants\n\n## Introduction\n\nThis lesson covers three consonants that are less frequent in everyday writing but appear in important and iconic Georgian words. The star of this lesson is **ღ** (gh), a sound characteristic of Georgian and other Caucasian languages that has no equivalent in English.\n\n## Characters\n\n:::character-set{id=\"georgian-less-common-consonants\" title=\"Less Common Consonants\"}\n\n::character{id=\"ghani\" canonicalRef=\"ghani\" char=\"ღ\" name=\"ღ ღანი (Ghani)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"fricative\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"gh\" data:ipa=\"ɣ\"}\n\n::character{id=\"dzili\" canonicalRef=\"dzili\" char=\"ძ\" name=\"ძ ძილი (Dzili)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"affricate\" data:voicing=\"voiced\" data:transliteration=\"dz\" data:ipa=\"d͡z\"}\n\n::character{id=\"hae\" canonicalRef=\"hae\" char=\"ჰ\" name=\"ჰ ჰაე (Hae)\" charType=\"consonant\" data:phoneticCategory=\"fricative\" data:voicing=\"voiceless\" data:transliteration=\"h\" data:ipa=\"h\"}\n\n:::\n\n## Pronunciation Guide\n\n### ღ (Ghani) - /ɣ/\n\nThis is a **voiced velar fricative**, one of the most distinctive sounds in Georgian. It is the voiced counterpart to ხ (/x/). To produce it:\n\n1. Position your tongue as if saying \"g\"\n2. Instead of making a full stop, let air flow through continuously\n3. Add voicing (vocal cord vibration)\n\nThe result is a deep, throaty sound. It is similar to:\n- The \"r\" in French \"rouge\" (though French r is typically uvular)\n- The \"g\" in Spanish \"amigo\" (when pronounced between vowels)\n\nThis sound is characteristic of Caucasian languages and appears in one of Georgia's most famous words: **ღვინო** (ghvino, wine).\n\n### ძ (Dzili) - /dz/\n\nPronounced like the \"ds\" at the end of English \"kids\" but at the beginning of a syllable. This is the **voiced alveolar affricate**, completing the three-way system:\n\n| Type | Letter | Sound |\n|------|--------|-------|\n| **Voiced** | **ძ** | /dz/ |\n| Aspirated | ც | /tsʰ/ |\n| Ejective | წ | /tsʼ/ |\n\nThe letter name itself, ძილი (dzili), means \"sleep.\"\n\n### ჰ (Hae) - /h/\n\nPronounced like English \"h\" in \"hello.\" This is a simple **voiceless glottal fricative**. Despite being easy to pronounce, ჰ is one of the **rarest** consonants in Georgian. It appears in only a handful of native words and some loanwords.\n\nWhy is it rare? Georgian historically had no /h/ sound. The letter was added primarily for borrowed words and a few specific native terms. Many Georgian speakers may even drop it in casual speech.\n\n## The Velar Fricative Pair: ხ and ღ\n\nThese two consonants form a voiceless-voiced pair at the velum:\n\n| Voicing | Letter | IPA | Example |\n|---------|--------|-----|---------|\n| Voiceless | ხ | /x/ | ხილი (khili, fruit) |\n| **Voiced** | **ღ** | /ɣ/ | ღვინო (ghvino, wine) |\n\nPractice alternating between them:\n- Start with ხ (voiceless): feel no throat vibration\n- Switch to ღ (voiced): feel your throat vibrate\n- The tongue position stays the same; only voicing changes\n\n## Practice Words\n\n| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |\n|------|----------------|---------|-------|\n| ღვინო | ghvino | wine | Georgia's most iconic word |\n| ძილი | dzili | sleep | Also the letter name |\n| ჰავა | hava | climate | One of the few native words with ჰ |\n\n## Georgia and Wine\n\nThe word **ღვინო** (ghvino) deserves special attention. Georgia is widely considered the birthplace of winemaking, with archaeological evidence of viticulture dating back 8,000 years. The English word \"wine\" may ultimately derive from the Georgian ღვინო through various intermediary languages. Learning to pronounce ღ correctly through this word connects you to one of Georgia's deepest cultural traditions.\n\n## The Complete Affricate System\n\nWith ძ, you now know all six Georgian affricates:\n\n| Position | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |\n|----------|--------|-----------|----------|\n| Alveolar (ts-type) | **ძ** /dz/ | ც /tsʰ/ | წ /tsʼ/ (Lesson 10) |\n| Postalveolar (ch-type) | ჯ /dʒ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ | ჭ /tʃʼ/ (Lesson 10) |\n\n## Key Points\n\n1. **ღ is uniquely Caucasian**: The voiced velar fricative has no English equivalent\n2. **ძ completes the alveolar affricates**: Voiced counterpart to ც and წ\n3. **ჰ is rare**: Georgian historically lacked this sound; it appears in few words\n4. **ღვინო (wine)**: Georgia's most culturally significant word and perfect ღ practice\n5. **Voicing pairs**: ხ/ღ mirror each other, differing only in vocal cord vibration\n\n## Practice Exercises\n\n:::exercise{id=\"less-common-recognition-09\" type=\"matching\" title=\"Less Common Consonant Recognition\" skill=\"character-recognition\" tests=\"ghani,dzili,hae\" objectiveId=\"obj-less-common-recognition\"}\n\n**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its transliteration and sound\n\n- ღ\n- ძ\n- ჰ\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- gh /ɣ/ (Ghani) - voiced velar fricative\n- dz /dz/ (Dzili) - voiced alveolar affricate\n- h /h/ (Hae) - voiceless glottal fricative\n\n**Explanation:** These three consonants represent different positions in the mouth: ღ is produced at the velum (back), ძ at the alveolar ridge (front), and ჰ at the glottis (throat). Despite being less common in writing, they appear in important vocabulary.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"gh-sound-production-09\" type=\"multiple-choice\" title=\"Producing the Voiced Velar Fricative\" skill=\"character-sound-mapping\" tests=\"ghani\" objectiveId=\"obj-gh-sound\"}\n\n**Question:** How do you produce the Georgian sound ღ (/ɣ/)?\n\n**Options:**\n- Like English \"g\" but with continuous airflow and vocal cord vibration\n- Like English \"h\" but at the back of the mouth\n- Like English \"r\" with the tongue curled back\n- Like English \"ng\" at the end of \"sing\"\n\n**Answer:** 1\n\n**Explanation:** ღ (/ɣ/) is a voiced velar fricative. Position your tongue as for \"g\" (velar position), but instead of making a complete stop, allow air to flow continuously through a narrow gap. Add vocal cord vibration (voicing). The result is a deep, throaty sound unlike any English consonant.\n\n:::\n\n:::exercise{id=\"less-common-word-reading-09\" type=\"fill-in-blank\" title=\"Word Reading with Less Common Consonants\" skill=\"word-recognition\" tests=\"ghani,dzili,hae\" objectiveId=\"obj-less-common-word-reading\"}\n\n**Question:** Read each word and identify its initial consonant\n\n- ღვინო (wine)\n- ძილი (sleep)\n- ჰავა (climate)\n\n**Answer:**\n\n- ღ (gh, /ɣ/) - voiced velar fricative, Georgia's iconic wine word\n- ძ (dz, /dz/) - voiced alveolar affricate, the letter name means \"sleep\"\n- ჰ (h, /h/) - voiceless glottal fricative, rare in native Georgian words\n\n**Explanation:** These words showcase each consonant in a meaningful context. ღვინო (wine) is perhaps the most culturally important Georgian word and provides essential practice for the unique ღ sound.\n\n:::\n\n## What's Next\n\nIn Lesson 10, you'll learn the final three consonants: the ejective affricates წ and ჭ, and the uvular ejective ყ. You will also review all 33 letters of the Georgian alphabet.\n";
+//#endregion
+export { e as default };
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+//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-09-DO01blQM.js.map