@poe-platform/safe-bash 0.1.803 → 0.1.804

package/dist/safe-bash/chunks/{chunk-B7PIL77G.js → chunk-W2IYOVHK.js}

@@ -1,25 +1,14 @@
 import {
-  jobsExtension
-} from "./chunk-A7XEHALN.js";
+  evalSyncCsvcut,
+  evalSyncCsvgrep,
+  evalSyncDiff3,
+  evalSyncHtmlq,
+  evalSyncUnrtf
+} from "./chunk-YOXUCJER.js";
 import {
   evalSyncYqPrep,
   formatSyncYqYamlLines
-} from "./chunk-TFIBK2GI.js";
-import {
-  captureIgnoredTrapSignals,
-  defaultPortableTrapExtension,
-  isIdlePortableTrapInstance
-} from "./chunk-3NDIFSNM.js";
-import {
-  EreLedger,
-  EreProfileLimitError,
-  EreSyntaxError,
-  EreUnsupportedError,
-  compileEre,
-  matchEre,
-  tryCompileEreSync,
-  tryMatchEreSync
-} from "./chunk-6O77NL2S.js";
+} from "./chunk-D5Q7NFWI.js";
 import {
   abortManagedController,
   addAbortSignalWaiter,
@@ -67,52 +56,53 @@ import {
   tryFastPrintf,
   variablePresence,
   wcDisplayWidth
-} from "./chunk-PNBBUWSM.js";
-import {
-  evalSyncMdq
-} from "./chunk-OV6IHKO6.js";
-import {
-  evalSyncPr
-} from "./chunk-CHYGPFVM.js";
-import {
-  evalSyncGetopt
-} from "./chunk-AUSNDQTJ.js";
+} from "./chunk-AW5KIT6V.js";
 import {
   evalSyncIconv
-} from "./chunk-CTVWDACF.js";
+} from "./chunk-IQW34XQT.js";
 import {
   evalSyncLineEndings
-} from "./chunk-3R3AANOR.js";
+} from "./chunk-TCKYOLUE.js";
 import {
-  evalSyncXmllint,
-  evalSyncXq
-} from "./chunk-C5OWC2TL.js";
+  evalSyncMdq
+} from "./chunk-FOB2FZR4.js";
 import {
   PublicDiagnostic,
   publicDiagnosticMessage,
   writeDiagnostic
-} from "./chunk-PH63PLPZ.js";
+} from "./chunk-TC3F4UFF.js";
+import {
+  evalSyncPr
+} from "./chunk-22SX3F2R.js";
+import {
+  evalSyncGetopt
+} from "./chunk-JPSUHHOA.js";
 import {
   bytesToHex,
   compareUtf8,
   latin1Bytes,
   latin1Text
-} from "./chunk-D3ANYGMC.js";
+} from "./chunk-UV4X32QU.js";
 import {
-  concatShellValues,
-  shellValueByteLength,
-  shellValueBytes,
-  shellValueFromBytes,
-  shellValueRetainedBytes,
-  shellValueText
-} from "./chunk-J42RIHHJ.js";
+  EreLedger,
+  EreProfileLimitError,
+  EreSyntaxError,
+  EreUnsupportedError,
+  compileEre,
+  matchEre,
+  tryCompileEreSync,
+  tryMatchEreSync
+} from "./chunk-6SMICPI3.js";
 import {
-  openCommandFile
-} from "./chunk-I5HZ4FGE.js";
+  jobsExtension
+} from "./chunk-Y7FW6GLT.js";
 import {
-  FsError,
-  isFsError
-} from "./chunk-VTH3MLDU.js";
+  evalSyncXmllint,
+  evalSyncXq
+} from "./chunk-OQ3AGYCZ.js";
+import {
+  openCommandFile
+} from "./chunk-CL2FCTTO.js";
 import {
   basename,
   cancelTurn,
@@ -127,7 +117,11 @@ import {
   runYieldCheckpoint,
   scheduleTurn,
   yieldTurn
-} from "./chunk-5OHX7C2V.js";
+} from "./chunk-62BOHHJT.js";
+import {
+  FsError,
+  isFsError
+} from "./chunk-DUTAG6ZD.js";
 import {
   createBytePipe,
   outputFailure,
@@ -135,59 +129,63 @@ import {
   toByteSource,
   writeBytes,
   writeText
-} from "./chunk-74GHTNJA.js";
+} from "./chunk-4KTMKD5W.js";
 import {
-  CommandRegistry,
-  commandRuntimeIdentity,
-  createCommandArguments,
-  getCommandArguments,
-  validateExitCode
-} from "./chunk-7R5BDCG7.js";
+  captureIgnoredTrapSignals,
+  defaultPortableTrapExtension,
+  isIdlePortableTrapInstance
+} from "./chunk-SUJ3NTMH.js";
+import {
+  concatShellValues,
+  shellValueByteLength,
+  shellValueBytes,
+  shellValueFromBytes,
+  shellValueRetainedBytes,
+  shellValueText
+} from "./chunk-XQWCQSRN.js";
+import {
+  evalSyncDu
+} from "./chunk-RHFRJIWQ.js";
+import {
+  evalSyncDate,
+  evalSyncPrintenv
+} from "./chunk-KBZ4UB2O.js";
 import {
   evalSyncTree
-} from "./chunk-55YJASTN.js";
+} from "./chunk-4T53AERN.js";
 import {
   evalSyncFile
-} from "./chunk-4BSJLKNM.js";
+} from "./chunk-7O76UFQD.js";
 import {
   evalSyncHtmlToMarkdown
-} from "./chunk-DQP3VHSB.js";
+} from "./chunk-5XIFJVOO.js";
 import {
-  evalSyncDu
-} from "./chunk-GEG3BWGE.js";
+  CommandRegistry,
+  builtInDirectContextExecutors,
+  commandRuntimeIdentity,
+  createCommandArguments,
+  getCommandArguments,
+  validateExitCode
+} from "./chunk-OHML2BEU.js";
 import {
   evalSyncStat
-} from "./chunk-VBTDHOWC.js";
+} from "./chunk-IOHH2GTI.js";
 import {
   evalSyncTar,
   evalSyncUnzip,
   evalSyncZip
-} from "./chunk-QGUV42T5.js";
-import {
-  evalSyncDate,
-  evalSyncPrintenv
-} from "./chunk-ZVD5IS4V.js";
+} from "./chunk-YL3GBUG4.js";
 import {
   RESOLVED_EXIT_ONE,
   RESOLVED_EXIT_ZERO,
   UsageError,
-  builtInDirectContextExecutors,
+  builtInDirectContextExecutors as builtInDirectContextExecutors2,
   pathOf,
-  registerDefaultExecutor,
-  registerDefaultExecutors,
   syncCommandEvaluators
-} from "./chunk-E7OYNDGL.js";
+} from "./chunk-V7QT2RWC.js";
 import {
   init_platform
-} from "./chunk-B7TAL7S5.js";
-
-// packages/safe-bash/src/fs/memory/index.ts
-init_platform();
-import {
-  createMemoryFileSystem,
-  defaultMemoryFileSystemLimits,
-  MemoryFileSystem
-} from "@poe-platform/safe-fs/core";
+} from "./chunk-PTAEWLSE.js";
 
 // packages/safe-bash/src/shell/types.ts
 init_platform();
@@ -467,6 +465,7 @@ function integer(text3) {
   return value;
 }
 function parseArithmetic(source, offset = 0, budget = new ParseBudget()) {
+  if (source.includes("\\\n")) source = source.replace(/\\\n/gu, "");
   const tokens = [];
   let position = 0;
   while (position < source.length) {
@@ -615,7 +614,11 @@ function arithmeticEnd(source, start, allowSubshell = false, maxSyntaxDepth = In
     }
     if (character === "(") depth++;
     if (character === ")") {
-      if (depth === 0 && source[position + 1] === ")") return position;
+      if (depth === 0) {
+        let nextClose = position + 1;
+        while (source.startsWith("\\\n", nextClose)) nextClose += 2;
+        if (source[nextClose] === ")") return position;
+      }
       if (--depth < 0) {
         if (allowSubshell) return -1;
         break;
@@ -695,7 +698,7 @@ var SMALL_BIGINTS = Array.from({ length: 4097 }, (_, i) => BigInt(i));
 function smallBigInt(n) {
   return n >= 0 && n <= 4096 ? SMALL_BIGINTS[n] : BigInt(n);
 }
-var LARGE_INT_KEYS = new Int32Array(16);
+var LARGE_INT_KEYS = new Float64Array(16);
 var LARGE_INT_STRS = new Array(16).fill("");
 function intToStr(n) {
   if (n >= 0 && n <= 65536) {
@@ -788,7 +791,7 @@ function evalSafeSmi(node, refs, budget) {
     const v = evalSafeSmi(node.operand, refs, budget);
     if (v === void 0 || v < -94906265 || v > 94906265) return void 0;
     if (node.operator === "+") return v;
-    if (node.operator === "-") return -v;
+    if (node.operator === "-") return v === 0 ? 0 : -v;
     if (node.operator === "!") return v === 0 ? 1 : 0;
     return void 0;
   }
@@ -835,10 +838,14 @@ function evalSafeSmi(node, refs, budget) {
         return l - r;
       case "*":
         return l * r;
-      case "/":
-        return Math.trunc(l / r);
-      case "%":
-        return l % r | 0;
+      case "/": {
+        const q = Math.trunc(l / r);
+        return q === 0 ? 0 : q;
+      }
+      case "%": {
+        const m = l % r | 0;
+        return m === 0 ? 0 : m;
+      }
       case "<":
         return l < r ? 1 : 0;
       case "<=":
@@ -1560,7 +1567,8 @@ function stringIndex(source, budget, word) {
 }
 function arraySelector(source, offset, budget = new ParseBudget(), word) {
   budget.admit();
-  return source === "@" || source === "*" ? { kind: "members", separator: source } : { kind: "element", index: word ? stringIndex(source, budget, word) : literalIndex(source, offset, budget) };
+  const cleanSource = source.includes("\\\n") ? source.replace(/\\\n/gu, "") : source;
+  return cleanSource === "@" || cleanSource === "*" ? { kind: "members", separator: cleanSource } : { kind: "element", index: word ? stringIndex(cleanSource, budget, word) : literalIndex(cleanSource, offset, budget) };
 }
 function setArraySelector(part, selector) {
   selectors.set(part, selector);
@@ -1927,6 +1935,11 @@ var HereDocumentSyntaxError = class extends Error {
   }
   diagnostic;
 };
+function isSelfDelimitingCompound(command) {
+  if (!command || command.redirects.length > 0) return false;
+  if (command.kind === "function") return isSelfDelimitingCompound(command.body);
+  return command.kind !== "simple" && command.kind !== "arithmetic" && command.kind !== "conditional";
+}
 var scriptSeparators = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
 var functionLayouts = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
 function functionReprintedLines(script) {
@@ -2081,7 +2094,7 @@ var IncompleteShellInput = class extends Error {
 var CompoundListEofError = class extends ShellSyntaxError {
 };
 var Lexer = class {
-  constructor(budget, source, depth, warnings = [], lineOffset = 0, byteLocale2 = false, documentLine, partial = false, lineIndex = new SourceLineIndex(source, budget), sourceOffset = 0, ordinaryBacktick = false, sourceValues, byteSource = false, syntax = defaultSyntax) {
+  constructor(budget, source, depth, warnings = [], lineOffset = 0, byteLocale2 = false, documentLine, partial = false, lineIndex = new SourceLineIndex(source, budget), sourceOffset = 0, ordinaryBacktick = false, sourceValues, byteSource = false, syntax = defaultSyntax, aliases) {
     this.budget = budget;
     this.source = source;
     this.depth = depth;
@@ -2096,6 +2109,7 @@ var Lexer = class {
     this.sourceValues = sourceValues;
     this.byteSource = byteSource;
     this.syntax = syntax;
+    this.aliases = aliases;
     if (depth > this.budget.maxSyntaxDepth) throw new ShellSyntaxError(`Syntax nesting exceeds ${this.budget.maxSyntaxDepth}`, 0);
   }
   budget;
@@ -2112,6 +2126,7 @@ var Lexer = class {
   sourceValues;
   byteSource;
   syntax;
+  aliases;
   position = 0;
   operandDepth = 0;
   printedNewlineReduction = 0;
@@ -2374,7 +2389,7 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
     }
     this.error("Unterminated delimiter expansion syntax");
   }
-  word(terminator, enclosingQuoted = false, literal = false, arithmetic = false, arithmeticExpansion = false) {
+  word(terminator, enclosingQuoted = false, literal = false, arithmetic = false, arithmeticExpansion = false, assignmentSubscriptEnd = -1) {
     this.budget.admit();
     const offset = this.position;
     const reduction = this.printedNewlineReduction;
@@ -2451,7 +2466,7 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
           if (++brackets > this.budget.maxSyntaxDepth) this.error(`Subscript syntax nesting exceeds ${this.budget.maxSyntaxDepth}`);
         } else if (current === "]" && brackets > 0) brackets--;
         else if (terminator.includes(current) && (!arithmetic || current !== ":" || parentheses === 0 && conditionals === 0)) break;
-      } else if (!this.braceReplay) {
+      } else if (!this.braceReplay && this.position > assignmentSubscriptEnd) {
         if (!enclosingQuoted && !literal && current === "(" && (patternParentheses > 0 || this.position > offset && "?*+@!".includes(this.source[this.position - 1] ?? " ") && (this.position - 1 === offset || this.source[this.position - 2] !== "\\") && !(this.source[this.position + 1] === ")" && /^\(\)\s*(?:\{|\(|if\b|case\b|while\b|until\b|for\b|select\b|\[\[)/u.test(this.source.slice(this.position))) && this.hasClosingExtglobParen(this.position))) {
           if (++patternParentheses > this.budget.maxSyntaxDepth) this.error(`Syntax nesting exceeds ${this.budget.maxSyntaxDepth}`);
         } else if (!enclosingQuoted && !literal && current === ")" && patternParentheses > 0) {
@@ -2471,7 +2486,7 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
         let script;
         try {
           this.budget.admit();
-          nested = new Parser(this.budget, this.source.slice(start), this.depth + this.operandDepth + 1, this.warnings, this.lineAt(start) - 1, void 0, this.byteLocale, false, this.lineIndex, this.sourceOffset + start, false, this.sourceValues, this.byteSource, this.syntax);
+          nested = new Parser(this.budget, this.source.slice(start), this.depth + this.operandDepth + 1, this.warnings, this.lineAt(start) - 1, void 0, this.byteLocale, false, this.lineIndex, this.sourceOffset + start, false, this.sourceValues, this.byteSource, this.syntax, this.aliases);
           script = nested.script(/* @__PURE__ */ new Set([")"]));
         } catch (error) {
           if (this.documentLine !== void 0 && error instanceof ShellSyntaxError && !/nesting|exceeds/u.test(error.reason)) throw this.documentSubstitutionError(this.source.slice(start), error);
@@ -2489,7 +2504,7 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
         parts.push({ kind: "process-substitution", direction, script, line, sourceLine: script.line ?? line, quoted: true });
         continue;
       }
-      if (current === "$" && this.source[this.position + 1] === "'" && !enclosingQuoted && !literal) {
+      if (current === "$" && this.source[this.position + 1] === "'" && !enclosingQuoted) {
         plain = false;
         this.unprintedWords++;
         const start = this.position;
@@ -2514,8 +2529,9 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
           text3(this.source.slice(start, end), true, false, start, end);
         } else text3(this.source.slice(this.position + 1, end), true, false, this.position, Math.min(end + 1, this.source.length));
         this.position = Math.min(end + 1, this.source.length);
-      } else if (current === '"') {
+      } else if (current === '"' || current === "$" && this.source[this.position + 1] === '"' && !enclosingQuoted) {
         plain = false;
+        if (current === "$") this.position++;
         const quoteLine = this.lineAt(this.position);
         this.position++;
         text3("", true, true, this.position - 1, this.position);
@@ -2570,7 +2586,6 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
       } else if (current === "$" || current === "`") {
         plain = false;
         if (literal) {
-          if (current === "$" && ["'", '"'].includes(this.source[this.position + 1] ?? "")) this.error("Unsupported shell quoting in here-document delimiter");
           text3(this.literalExpansion(), current === "`");
         } else this.expansion(parts, enclosingQuoted);
       } else {
@@ -2690,6 +2705,47 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
     }
     this.error("Unterminated ANSI-C quote", { quote: "'", line: quoteLine });
   }
+  readExpansionName() {
+    while (this.source.startsWith("\\\n", this.position)) this.position += 2;
+    const first = this.source[this.position];
+    if (first && /^[?@*#-]$/u.test(first)) {
+      this.position++;
+      return first;
+    }
+    if (first && /^[0-9]$/u.test(first)) {
+      let name2 = "";
+      while (this.position < this.source.length) {
+        if (this.source.startsWith("\\\n", this.position)) {
+          this.position += 2;
+          continue;
+        }
+        const ch = this.source[this.position];
+        if (!ch || !/^[0-9]$/u.test(ch)) break;
+        name2 += ch;
+        this.position++;
+      }
+      return name2;
+    }
+    if (first && /^[a-zA-Z_]$/u.test(first)) {
+      let name2 = "";
+      while (this.position < this.source.length) {
+        if (this.source.startsWith("\\\n", this.position)) {
+          this.position += 2;
+          continue;
+        }
+        const ch = this.source[this.position];
+        if (!ch || !/^[a-zA-Z_0-9]$/u.test(ch)) break;
+        name2 += ch;
+        this.position++;
+      }
+      return name2;
+    }
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  peekAfterContinuation(offset = this.position) {
+    while (this.source.startsWith("\\\n", offset)) offset += 2;
+    return offset;
+  }
   expansion(parts, quoted) {
     this.budget.admit();
     const spellingStart = this.position;
@@ -2703,8 +2759,9 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
       this.position++;
       let source = "";
       const sourceValues = this.sourceValues ? /* @__PURE__ */ new Map() : void 0;
+      const backtickEscapable = quoted && this.documentLine === void 0 ? /[$`\\"]/u : /[$`\\]/u;
       while (this.position < this.source.length && this.source[this.position] !== "`") {
-        if (this.source[this.position] === "\\" && /[$`\\]/u.test(this.source[this.position + 1] ?? "")) this.position++;
+        if (this.source[this.position] === "\\" && backtickEscapable.test(this.source[this.position + 1] ?? "")) this.position++;
         const opaque = this.sourceValues?.get(this.sourceOffset + this.position);
         if (opaque !== void 0) {
           this.budget.admit();
@@ -2715,7 +2772,7 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
       if (this.source[this.position] !== "`") this.error("Unterminated command substitution");
       this.position++;
       try {
-        parts.push({ kind: "substitution", form: "backtick", script: parseSource(source, this.depth + this.operandDepth + 1, this.warnings, line - 1, this.byteLocale, this.budget, this.documentLine === void 0, sourceValues, this.byteSource, this.syntax), line, quoted });
+        parts.push({ kind: "substitution", form: "backtick", script: parseSource(source, this.depth + this.operandDepth + 1, this.warnings, line - 1, this.byteLocale, this.budget, this.documentLine === void 0, sourceValues, this.byteSource, this.syntax, this.aliases), line, quoted });
       } catch (error) {
         if (this.documentLine === void 0 || !(error instanceof ShellSyntaxError) || /nesting|exceeds/u.test(error.reason)) throw error;
         this.budget.admit();
@@ -2728,20 +2785,24 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
       return;
     }
     this.position++;
-    if (this.source[this.position] === "$" || this.source[this.position] === "!" && !this.syntax.specialParameters.length || !quoted && ["'", '"'].includes(this.source[this.position] ?? "")) this.error("Unsupported shell quoting or special parameter");
-    if (this.source.startsWith("((", this.position)) {
-      const start = this.position + 2;
-      const end = arithmeticEnd(this.source, start, false, this.budget.maxSyntaxDepth);
+    while (this.source.startsWith("\\\n", this.position)) this.position += 2;
+    const firstParen = this.source[this.position] === "(" ? this.position : -1;
+    const secondParen = firstParen !== -1 ? this.peekAfterContinuation(firstParen + 1) : -1;
+    const arithmeticEndPos = secondParen !== -1 && this.source[secondParen] === "(" ? arithmeticEnd(this.source, secondParen + 1, true, this.budget.maxSyntaxDepth) : -1;
+    if (arithmeticEndPos !== -1) {
+      const start = secondParen + 1;
+      const end = arithmeticEndPos;
       const source = this.source.slice(start, end);
       parts.push({ kind: "arithmetic", expression: prepareArithmetic(source, this.budget), source, line, quoted });
-      this.position = end + 2;
+      const afterFirstClose = this.peekAfterContinuation(end + 1);
+      this.position = afterFirstClose + 1;
     } else if (this.source[this.position] === "(") {
       const start = this.position + 1;
       let nested;
       let script;
       try {
         this.budget.admit();
-        nested = new Parser(this.budget, this.source.slice(start), this.depth + this.operandDepth + 1, this.warnings, this.lineAt(start) - 1, void 0, this.byteLocale, false, this.lineIndex, this.sourceOffset + start, false, this.sourceValues, this.byteSource, this.syntax);
+        nested = new Parser(this.budget, this.source.slice(start), this.depth + this.operandDepth + 1, this.warnings, this.lineAt(start) - 1, void 0, this.byteLocale, false, this.lineIndex, this.sourceOffset + start, false, this.sourceValues, this.byteSource, this.syntax, this.aliases);
         script = nested.script(/* @__PURE__ */ new Set([")"]));
       } catch (error) {
         if (this.documentLine !== void 0 && error instanceof ShellSyntaxError && !/nesting|exceeds/u.test(error.reason)) throw this.documentSubstitutionError(this.source.slice(start), error);
@@ -2758,23 +2819,28 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
       else this.printedNewlineReduction += this.source.slice(start, this.position - 1).split("\n").length - 1 - script.printedNewlines;
       parts.push({ kind: "substitution", form: "dollar-parenthesis", script, line, sourceLine: script.line ?? line, quoted });
     } else if (this.source[this.position] === "{") {
-      this.position++;
+      this.position = this.peekAfterContinuation(this.position + 1);
       const parameterStart = this.position - 2;
-      const listing = this.source[this.position] === "!" && /[a-zA-Z_0-9]/u.test(this.source[this.position + 1] ?? "");
-      if (listing) this.position++;
-      const length = !listing && this.source[this.position] === "#" && (/[a-zA-Z_0-9]/u.test(this.source[this.position + 1] ?? "") || ["@", "*"].includes(this.source[this.position + 1] ?? "") && this.source[this.position + 2] === "}" || this.syntax.specialParameters.some((parameter) => parameter.name === this.source[this.position + 1]));
-      if (length) this.position++;
+      const afterBang = this.peekAfterContinuation(this.position + 1);
+      const listing = this.source[this.position] === "!" && /[a-zA-Z_0-9]/u.test(this.source[afterBang] ?? "");
+      if (listing) this.position = afterBang;
+      const afterHash = this.peekAfterContinuation(this.position + 1);
+      const length = !listing && this.source[this.position] === "#" && (/[a-zA-Z_0-9]/u.test(this.source[afterHash] ?? "") || ["@", "*"].includes(this.source[afterHash] ?? "") && this.source[this.peekAfterContinuation(afterHash + 1)] === "}" || this.syntax.specialParameters.some((parameter) => parameter.name === this.source[afterHash]));
+      if (length) this.position = afterHash;
       const specialParameter = this.syntax.specialParameters.find((parameter) => parameter.name === this.source[this.position]);
-      const name2 = specialParameter?.name ?? /^(?:[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+|[?@*#-])/u.exec(this.source.slice(this.position))?.[0];
+      if (specialParameter) this.position += specialParameter.name.length;
+      const dollarBang = !specialParameter && "$!".includes(this.source[this.position] ?? " ") ? this.source[this.position++] : void 0;
+      const name2 = specialParameter?.name ?? dollarBang ?? this.readExpansionName();
       if (!name2) this.error("Unsupported parameter expansion");
-      this.position += name2.length;
+      this.position = this.peekAfterContinuation(this.position);
       let prefixNames;
       let indirect = false;
       if (listing && this.source[this.position] !== "[") {
         const separator = this.source[this.position];
-        if ((separator === "*" || separator === "@") && this.source[this.position + 1] === "}") {
+        const afterSep = this.peekAfterContinuation(this.position + 1);
+        if ((separator === "*" || separator === "@") && this.source[afterSep] === "}") {
           prefixNames = separator;
-          this.position++;
+          this.position = afterSep;
         } else indirect = true;
       }
       let selector;
@@ -2785,7 +2851,7 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
         const end = this.position;
         if (this.source[end] !== "]") this.error("Unterminated indexed-array subscript");
         selector = arraySelector(this.source.slice(start, end), start, this.budget, keyWord);
-        this.position = end + 1;
+        this.position = this.peekAfterContinuation(end + 1);
         if (listing && selector.kind === "members" && this.source[this.position] !== "}" && this.source[this.position] !== "@") this.error("Unsupported array-key operator");
       }
       if (listing && selector?.kind === "element") indirect = true;
@@ -2795,14 +2861,34 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
       }
       let transform;
       if (this.source[this.position] === "@") {
-        const operation2 = this.source[this.position + 1];
-        if (length || prefixNames || !["Q", "E", "a", "A", "K", "k", "P", "u", "U", "L"].includes(operation2 ?? "") || this.source[this.position + 2] !== "}") this.error("Unsupported parameter transform");
+        const opPos = this.peekAfterContinuation(this.position + 1);
+        const operation2 = this.source[opPos];
+        const closePos = this.peekAfterContinuation(opPos + 1);
+        if (length || prefixNames || !["Q", "E", "a", "A", "K", "k", "P", "u", "U", "L"].includes(operation2 ?? "") || this.source[closePos] !== "}") this.error("Unsupported parameter transform");
         transform = operation2;
-        this.position += 2;
+        this.position = closePos;
+      }
+      const firstOpChar = this.source[this.position];
+      const secondOpPos = this.peekAfterContinuation(this.position + 1);
+      const secondOpChar = this.source[secondOpPos];
+      const caseOperator = firstOpChar === "^" || firstOpChar === "," ? firstOpChar.repeat(secondOpChar === firstOpChar ? 2 : 1) : void 0;
+      let operator = caseOperator;
+      let operatorEnd = caseOperator ? caseOperator.length === 2 ? secondOpPos + 1 : this.position + 1 : this.position;
+      if (!operator) {
+        if (firstOpChar === ":" && secondOpChar && "-=+?".includes(secondOpChar)) {
+          operator = `:${secondOpChar}`;
+          operatorEnd = secondOpPos + 1;
+        } else if ((firstOpChar === "#" || firstOpChar === "%") && secondOpChar === firstOpChar) {
+          operator = `${firstOpChar}${secondOpChar}`;
+          operatorEnd = secondOpPos + 1;
+        } else if (firstOpChar === "/" && secondOpChar && "/#%".includes(secondOpChar)) {
+          operator = `/${secondOpChar}`;
+          operatorEnd = secondOpPos + 1;
+        } else if (firstOpChar && "-=+?#%/".includes(firstOpChar)) {
+          operator = firstOpChar;
+          operatorEnd = this.position + 1;
+        }
       }
-      const caseCharacter = this.source[this.position];
-      const caseOperator = caseCharacter === "^" || caseCharacter === "," ? caseCharacter.repeat(this.source[this.position + 1] === caseCharacter ? 2 : 1) : void 0;
-      const operator = caseOperator ?? /^(?::[-=+?]|##|%%|\/\/|\/[#%]?|[-=+?#%])/u.exec(this.source.slice(this.position))?.[0];
       let alternate;
       let replacement;
       let substring;
@@ -2812,7 +2898,7 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
         try {
           if (operator) {
             if (length) this.error("Invalid length expansion");
-            this.position += operator.length;
+            this.position = operatorEnd;
             alternate = this.word(operator.startsWith("/") ? "/}" : "}", quoted && !caseOperator && !["#", "##", "%", "%%"].includes(operator) && !operator.startsWith("/"));
             if (operator.startsWith("/") && this.source[this.position] === "/") {
               this.position++;
@@ -2820,7 +2906,7 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
             }
           } else {
             if (length || name2 !== "@" && name2 !== "*" && !/^(?:[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+)$/u.test(name2)) this.error("Unsupported non-scalar substring expansion");
-            this.position++;
+            this.position = secondOpPos;
             const offset = this.word(":}", true, false, true);
             let substringLength;
             if (this.source[this.position] === ":") {
@@ -2834,6 +2920,7 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
           this.operandDepth--;
         }
       }
+      this.position = this.peekAfterContinuation(this.position);
       if (this.source[this.position] !== "}") {
         let end = this.position;
         if (this.ordinaryBacktick && !selector && !operator && !substring && /^[a-zA-Z_]/u.test(name2) && !"^,@".includes(this.source[this.position] ?? "")) {
@@ -2851,9 +2938,10 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
       }
     } else {
       const specialParameter = this.syntax.specialParameters.find((parameter) => parameter.name === this.source[this.position]);
-      const name2 = specialParameter?.name ?? /^(?:[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[?@*#0-9-])/u.exec(this.source.slice(this.position))?.[0];
+      if (specialParameter) this.position += specialParameter.name.length;
+      const dollarBang = !specialParameter && "$!".includes(this.source[this.position] ?? " ") ? this.source[this.position++] : void 0;
+      const name2 = specialParameter?.name ?? dollarBang ?? (this.source[this.position] && /^[0-9]$/u.test(this.source[this.position]) ? this.source[this.position++] : this.readExpansionName());
       if (name2) {
-        this.position += name2.length;
         parts.push({ kind: "variable", name: name2, quoted, line, ...specialParameter ? { specialParameter } : {} });
       } else parts.push({ kind: "text", value: "$", quoted });
     }
@@ -2864,16 +2952,22 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
   }
 };
 var Parser = class {
-  constructor(budget, source, depth, warnings = [], lineOffset = 0, position, byteLocale2 = false, partial = false, lineIndex = new SourceLineIndex(source, budget), sourceOffset = 0, ordinaryBacktick = false, sourceValues, byteSource = false, syntax = defaultSyntax) {
+  constructor(budget, source, depth, warnings = [], lineOffset = 0, position, byteLocale2 = false, partial = false, lineIndex = new SourceLineIndex(source, budget), sourceOffset = 0, ordinaryBacktick = false, sourceValues, byteSource = false, syntax = defaultSyntax, aliases) {
     this.budget = budget;
+    this.aliases = aliases;
     if (position === void 0 && depth === 0 && source.includes("\0")) throw new ShellSyntaxError("NUL bytes are not valid shell source", source.indexOf("\0"));
     budget.admit();
-    this.lexer = new Lexer(budget, source, depth, warnings, lineOffset, byteLocale2, void 0, partial, lineIndex, sourceOffset, ordinaryBacktick, sourceValues, byteSource, syntax);
+    this.lexer = new Lexer(budget, source, depth, warnings, lineOffset, byteLocale2, void 0, partial, lineIndex, sourceOffset, ordinaryBacktick, sourceValues, byteSource, syntax, aliases);
     this.lexer.position = position ?? 0;
     this.current = this.lexer.next();
   }
   budget;
+  aliases;
   lexer;
+  aliasFrames = [];
+  aliasNextWords = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakSet();
+  tokenAliases = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+  tokenLexers = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
   current;
   lookahead;
   nesting = 0;
@@ -2886,12 +2980,74 @@ var Parser = class {
   }
   advance() {
     const previous = this.current;
-    this.current = this.lookahead ?? this.lexer.next();
+    this.current = this.lookahead ?? this.nextToken();
+    this.lexer = this.tokenLexers.get(this.current) ?? this.lexer;
     this.lookahead = void 0;
     return previous;
   }
   peek() {
-    return this.lookahead ??= this.lexer.next();
+    if (!this.lookahead) {
+      const lexer = this.lexer;
+      this.lookahead = this.nextToken();
+      this.lexer = lexer;
+    }
+    return this.lookahead;
+  }
+  nextToken() {
+    let token = this.lexer.next();
+    if (!this.aliases?.size) return token;
+    this.tokenLexers.set(token, this.lexer);
+    this.tokenAliases.set(token, this.aliasFrames.map((frame) => frame.name));
+    let trailing = false;
+    while (token.kind === "end" && this.aliasFrames.length) {
+      const frame = this.aliasFrames.pop();
+      this.lexer = frame.lexer;
+      trailing ||= frame.trailing;
+      token = frame.next;
+    }
+    if (trailing) this.aliasNextWords.add(token);
+    return token;
+  }
+  expandAlias() {
+    while (this.current.kind === "word") {
+      const name2 = this.current.word?.plain;
+      if (name2 === void 0 || this.current.word.parts.some((part) => part.quoted) || this.tokenAliases.get(this.current)?.includes(name2)) return;
+      const value = this.aliases?.get(name2);
+      if (value === void 0) return;
+      this.budget.admit(value.length + 1);
+      const lexer = this.lexer;
+      const line = lexer.lineAt(this.current.offset);
+      const next = this.lookahead ?? lexer.next();
+      this.tokenLexers.set(next, this.tokenLexers.get(next) ?? lexer);
+      this.lookahead = void 0;
+      this.aliasFrames.push({ lexer, next, name: name2, trailing: value.endsWith(" ") || value.endsWith("	") });
+      this.lexer = new Lexer(this.budget, value, lexer.depth, lexer.warnings, line - 1, lexer.byteLocale, void 0, false, void 0, 0, false, void 0, lexer.byteSource, lexer.syntax, this.aliases);
+      this.current = this.nextToken();
+    }
+  }
+  assignmentWord(compound = false) {
+    const word = this.current.word;
+    const bracket = word.spelling?.indexOf("[") ?? -1;
+    const prefix = word.spelling?.slice(0, bracket);
+    if (bracket >= 0 && (compound && bracket === 0 || prefix && scalarAssignmentName({
+      offset: word.offset,
+      parts: [{ kind: "text", quoted: false, value: prefix + "=" }]
+    }) === prefix)) {
+      const scanner = new Lexer(this.budget, this.lexer.source, this.lexer.depth, [], this.lexer.lineOffset, this.lexer.byteLocale, void 0, false, this.lexer.lineIndex, this.lexer.sourceOffset, this.lexer.ordinaryBacktick, this.lexer.sourceValues, this.lexer.byteSource, this.lexer.syntax);
+      scanner.position = word.offset + bracket + 1;
+      scanner.word("]");
+      const end = scanner.position;
+      if (end >= this.current.end && this.lexer.source[end] === "]" && (this.lexer.source[end + 1] === "=" || this.lexer.source.slice(end + 1, end + 3) === "+=")) {
+        this.lexer.position = word.offset;
+        const parsed = this.lexer.word(void 0, false, false, false, false, end);
+        this.budget.admit();
+        const complete = { ...parsed, spelling: this.lexer.source.slice(word.offset, this.lexer.position) };
+        this.lookahead = void 0;
+        this.current = this.lexer.next();
+        return complete;
+      }
+    }
+    return this.advance().word;
   }
   is(value) {
     return this.current.value === value;
@@ -2914,6 +3070,8 @@ var Parser = class {
     const line = this.lexer.lineAt(this.current.offset);
     if (captureInputUnits) this.completedInput = { lists, count: 0, line };
     while (this.current.kind !== "end" && !stops.has(this.current.value)) {
+      this.expandAlias();
+      if (this.isEnd() || stops.has(this.current.value)) break;
       this.budget.admit();
       const pipelines = [this.pipeline()];
       const operators = [];
@@ -2926,13 +3084,13 @@ var Parser = class {
       lists.push({ pipelines, operators, ...terminator ? { terminator } : {} });
       separators.push(this.is("\n"));
       if (captureInputUnits && this.is("\n")) this.completedInput.count = lists.length;
-      if (inputUnit && this.is("\n")) break;
+      if (inputUnit && !this.aliasFrames.length && this.is("\n")) break;
       if (terminator || this.is(";") || this.is("\n")) {
         this.advance();
         if (captureInputUnits && this.is("\n")) this.completedInput.count = lists.length;
-        if (inputUnit && this.is("\n")) break;
+        if (inputUnit && !this.aliasFrames.length && this.is("\n")) break;
         this.newlines();
-      } else if (!this.isEnd() && !this.is(")") && !(stops.has(this.current.value) && [";;", ";&", ";;&"].includes(this.current.value))) this.error("Expected command separator");
+      } else if (!this.isEnd() && !this.is(")") && !(stops.has(this.current.value) && ([";;", ";&", ";;&"].includes(this.current.value) || isSelfDelimitingCompound(pipelines.at(-1)?.commands.at(-1))))) this.error("Expected command separator");
     }
     const printed = printedSimpleLines(lists, separators, this.budget);
     scriptSeparators.set(lists, Object.freeze(separators));
@@ -2960,6 +3118,7 @@ var Parser = class {
     return { commands, negate };
   }
   command() {
+    this.expandAlias();
     if (++this.nesting + this.lexer.depth > this.lexer.budget.maxSyntaxDepth) this.error(`Syntax nesting exceeds ${this.lexer.budget.maxSyntaxDepth}`);
     this.budget.admit();
     const line = this.lexer.lineAt(this.current.offset);
@@ -2975,7 +3134,8 @@ var Parser = class {
   }
   commandInner() {
     this.budget.admit();
-    const arithmeticCommandEnd = this.is("(") && this.lexer.source.startsWith("((", this.current.offset) ? arithmeticEnd(this.lexer.source, this.current.offset + 2, true, this.lexer.budget.maxSyntaxDepth) : -1;
+    const arithmeticSecondOpen = this.is("(") ? this.lexer.peekAfterContinuation(this.current.offset + 1) : -1;
+    const arithmeticCommandEnd = arithmeticSecondOpen !== -1 && this.lexer.source[arithmeticSecondOpen] === "(" ? arithmeticEnd(this.lexer.source, arithmeticSecondOpen + 1, true, this.lexer.budget.maxSyntaxDepth) : -1;
     let command;
     if (this.is("[[")) {
       const start = this.current.end;
@@ -3048,11 +3208,11 @@ var Parser = class {
       this.advance();
       command = { kind: "conditional", expression, source, redirects: [] };
     } else if (arithmeticCommandEnd !== -1) {
-      const start = this.current.offset + 2;
+      const start = arithmeticSecondOpen + 1;
       const end = arithmeticCommandEnd;
       const source = this.lexer.source.slice(start, end);
       command = { kind: "arithmetic", expression: prepareArithmetic(source, this.budget), source, redirects: [] };
-      this.lexer.position = end + 2;
+      this.lexer.position = this.lexer.peekAfterContinuation(end + 1) + 1;
       this.lookahead = void 0;
       this.current = this.lexer.next();
     } else if (this.is("(") || this.is("{")) {
@@ -3118,32 +3278,60 @@ var Parser = class {
       const body = this.nonemptyScript(/* @__PURE__ */ new Set(["done"]));
       this.expect("done", true);
       command = { kind, condition, body, redirects: [] };
-    } else if (this.is("for") && this.peek().value === "(" && this.lexer.source.startsWith("((", this.peek().offset)) {
+    } else if (this.is("for") && this.peek().value === "(" && this.lexer.source[this.lexer.peekAfterContinuation(this.peek().offset + 1)] === "(") {
       this.advance();
-      const start = this.current.offset + 2;
+      const start = this.lexer.peekAfterContinuation(this.current.offset + 1) + 1;
       let partStart = start;
       let depth = 0;
       let end = start;
+      let quote = "";
+      let ansiQuote = false;
+      const quotedSubstitutions = [];
       this.budget.admit(4);
       const sources = [];
       for (; end < this.lexer.source.length; end++) {
         this.budget.admit();
         const character = this.lexer.source[end];
+        if (character === "\\" && (quote !== "'" || ansiQuote)) {
+          end++;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (quote === '"' && character === "$" && this.lexer.source[end + 1] === "(") {
+          if (quotedSubstitutions.length >= 64) this.error("Syntax nesting exceeds 64");
+          quotedSubstitutions.push(depth);
+          depth++;
+          end++;
+          quote = "";
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (quote) {
+          if (character === quote) quote = "";
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (character === "'" || character === '"' || character === "`") {
+          quote = character;
+          ansiQuote = character === "'" && this.lexer.source[end - 1] === "$";
+          continue;
+        }
         if (character === "(") depth++;
         else if (character === ")") {
-          if (!depth && this.lexer.source[end + 1] === ")") break;
+          if (!depth && this.lexer.source[this.lexer.peekAfterContinuation(end + 1)] === ")") break;
           if (--depth < 0) this.error("Unterminated arithmetic for", true);
+          if (quotedSubstitutions.at(-1) === depth) {
+            quotedSubstitutions.pop();
+            quote = '"';
+          }
         } else if (character === ";" && !depth) {
           if (sources.length === 2) this.error("Arithmetic for requires three expressions");
           sources.push(this.lexer.source.slice(partStart, end));
           partStart = end + 1;
         }
       }
-      if (end === this.lexer.source.length) this.error("Unterminated arithmetic for", true);
+      if (quote || end === this.lexer.source.length) this.error("Unterminated arithmetic for", true);
       if (sources.length !== 2) this.error("Arithmetic for requires three expressions");
       sources.push(this.lexer.source.slice(partStart, end));
       const expressions = sources.map((source) => source.trim() ? prepareArithmetic(source, this.budget) : void 0);
-      this.lexer.position = end + 2;
+      this.lexer.position = this.lexer.peekAfterContinuation(end + 1) + 1;
       this.lookahead = void 0;
       this.current = this.lexer.next();
       if (this.is(";")) this.advance();
@@ -3200,6 +3388,10 @@ var Parser = class {
       };
       let line;
       while (true) {
+        if (this.aliasNextWords.has(this.current) || words.every((previous) => getArrayAssignment(previous) || scalarAssignmentName(previous))) {
+          this.aliasNextWords.delete(this.current);
+          this.expandAlias();
+        }
         const wordLine = this.lexer.lineAt(Math.max(this.current.offset, this.current.end - 1));
         const redirect2 = this.redirect();
         if (redirect2) {
@@ -3207,14 +3399,14 @@ var Parser = class {
           redirects.push(redirect2);
         } else if (this.current.kind === "word") {
           line ??= wordLine;
-          let word = this.advance().word;
+          let word = words.every((previous) => getArrayAssignment(previous) || scalarAssignmentName(previous)) || indexedDeclaration() ? this.assignmentWord() : this.advance().word;
           const head = compoundHead(word, this.budget);
           if (head && this.is("(")) {
             this.advance();
             const entries = [];
             this.newlines();
             while (this.current.kind === "word") {
-              const original = this.advance().word;
+              const original = this.assignmentWord(true);
               const entry = compoundEntry(original, this.budget, (source) => parseArraySubscript(source, this.budget, this.lexer.byteLocale, this.lexer.depth, this.lexer.byteSource, this.lexer.syntax), (source, start) => {
                 const lexer = new Lexer(this.budget, source, this.lexer.depth, [], 0, this.lexer.byteLocale, void 0, false, void 0, 0, false, void 0, this.lexer.byteSource, this.lexer.syntax);
                 lexer.position = start;
@@ -3339,7 +3531,7 @@ function hereDocumentWords(document, line, byteLocale2, warnings, budgetOrSyntax
     }
   })();
 }
-function parseShellUnit(source, position = 0, byteLocale2 = false, budgetOrByteSource = new ParseBudget(), lineIndexOrSyntax, sourceValues, byteSource = false, syntax) {
+function parseShellUnit(source, position = 0, byteLocale2 = false, budgetOrByteSource = new ParseBudget(), lineIndexOrSyntax, sourceValues, byteSource = false, syntax, aliases) {
   const budget = budgetOrByteSource instanceof ParseBudget ? budgetOrByteSource : new ParseBudget();
   const lineIndex = lineIndexOrSyntax instanceof SourceLineIndex ? lineIndexOrSyntax : new SourceLineIndex(source, budget);
   const captured = captureShellSyntax(syntax === void 0 ? lineIndexOrSyntax instanceof SourceLineIndex ? void 0 : lineIndexOrSyntax : syntax);
@@ -3347,7 +3539,7 @@ function parseShellUnit(source, position = 0, byteLocale2 = false, budgetOrByteS
   const warnings = [];
   budget.admit();
   if (lineIndex.source !== source || lineIndex.budget !== budget) throw new TypeError("Source line index belongs to a different source or parse budget");
-  const parser = new Parser(budget, source, 0, warnings, 0, position, byteLocale2, false, lineIndex, 0, false, sourceValues, raw, captured);
+  const parser = new Parser(budget, source, 0, warnings, 0, position, byteLocale2, false, lineIndex, 0, false, sourceValues, raw, captured, aliases);
   const script = parser.script(/* @__PURE__ */ new Set(), true);
   const next = parser.current.end;
   const nul = source.indexOf("\0", position);
@@ -3355,7 +3547,7 @@ function parseShellUnit(source, position = 0, byteLocale2 = false, budgetOrByteS
   budget.admit(2);
   return { script: { ...script, ...warnings.length ? { warnings } : {} }, next };
 }
-function parseShellInputUnit(source, byteLocale2 = false, budgetOrSyntax = new ParseBudget(), suppliedLineIndex, syntax) {
+function parseShellInputUnit(source, byteLocale2 = false, budgetOrSyntax = new ParseBudget(), suppliedLineIndex, syntax, aliases) {
   const budget = budgetOrSyntax instanceof ParseBudget ? budgetOrSyntax : new ParseBudget();
   const lineIndex = suppliedLineIndex ?? new SourceLineIndex(source, budget);
   const captured = captureShellSyntax(syntax === void 0 ? budgetOrSyntax instanceof ParseBudget ? void 0 : budgetOrSyntax : syntax);
@@ -3363,7 +3555,7 @@ function parseShellInputUnit(source, byteLocale2 = false, budgetOrSyntax = new P
   try {
     budget.admit();
     if (lineIndex.source !== source || lineIndex.budget !== budget) throw new TypeError("Source line index belongs to a different source or parse budget");
-    const parser = new Parser(budget, source, 0, warnings, 0, 0, byteLocale2, true, lineIndex, 0, false, void 0, false, captured);
+    const parser = new Parser(budget, source, 0, warnings, 0, 0, byteLocale2, true, lineIndex, 0, false, void 0, false, captured, aliases);
     const script = parser.script(/* @__PURE__ */ new Set(), true);
     budget.admit(2);
     return { script: { ...script, ...warnings.length ? { warnings } : {} }, next: parser.current.end };
@@ -3373,10 +3565,10 @@ function parseShellInputUnit(source, byteLocale2 = false, budgetOrSyntax = new P
     throw error;
   }
 }
-function parseSource(source, depth, warnings, lineOffset, byteLocale2, budget, ordinaryBacktick = false, sourceValues, byteSource = false, syntax = defaultSyntax) {
+function parseSource(source, depth, warnings, lineOffset, byteLocale2, budget, ordinaryBacktick = false, sourceValues, byteSource = false, syntax = defaultSyntax, aliases) {
   budget.admit();
   const warningCount = warnings.length;
-  const parser = new Parser(budget, source, depth, warnings, lineOffset, void 0, byteLocale2, false, void 0, 0, ordinaryBacktick, sourceValues, byteSource, syntax);
+  const parser = new Parser(budget, source, depth, warnings, lineOffset, void 0, byteLocale2, false, void 0, 0, ordinaryBacktick, sourceValues, byteSource, syntax, aliases);
   try {
     const script = parser.script(/* @__PURE__ */ new Set(), false, ordinaryBacktick);
     if (parser.current.kind !== "end") parser.error("Unexpected token");
@@ -3392,502 +3584,6 @@ function parseSource(source, depth, warnings, lineOffset, byteLocale2, budget, o
   }
 }
 
-// packages/safe-bash/src/commands/csvcut/index.ts
-init_platform();
-import {
-  CsvBudget,
-  CsvParser,
-  generatedHeaders,
-  parseCsvcutArguments,
-  resolveColumns,
-  serializeRow,
-  createCsvcutCommand as createRawCsvcutCommand,
-  createCsvcutCommands as createRawCsvcutCommands,
-  csvcutCommand as rawCsvcutCommand
-} from "../../safe-bash-command-csvcut/index.js";
-import { CsvBudget as CsvBudget2, CsvError, CsvParser as CsvParser2, csvcut, cutCsv, defaultCsvLimits, generatedHeaders as generatedHeaders2, parseCsvRecords, parseCsvcutArguments as parseCsvcutArguments2, resolveColumns as resolveColumns2, serializeRow as serializeRow2 } from "../../safe-bash-command-csvcut/index.js";
-builtInDirectContextExecutors.add(rawCsvcutCommand.execute);
-function createCsvcutCommand(options) {
-  const def = createRawCsvcutCommand(options);
-  if (options?.limits === void 0) builtInDirectContextExecutors.add(def.execute);
-  return def;
-}
-function createCsvcutCommands(options) {
-  const defs = createRawCsvcutCommands(options);
-  if (options?.limits === void 0) {
-    for (let i = 0; i < defs.length; i++) builtInDirectContextExecutors.add(defs[i].execute);
-  }
-  return defs;
-}
-function csvcutCommands(options = {}) {
-  const commands = createCsvcutCommands(options);
-  const replace = options.replace ?? false;
-  return {
-    name: "csvcut",
-    setup(host) {
-      for (const command of commands) host.commands.register(command, { replace });
-    }
-  };
-}
-var _syncAbortSignal;
-var syncAbortSignal = () => _syncAbortSignal ??= new AbortController().signal;
-function evalSyncCsvcut(inBytes, opArgs, readFileSync) {
-  if (inBytes !== void 0 && inBytes.byteLength > 16384) return void 0;
-  const budget = new CsvBudget({}, syncAbortSignal());
-  try {
-    const supplied = parseCsvcutArguments(opArgs, budget);
-    if (supplied.help || supplied.version) return void 0;
-    if (supplied.encoding && supplied.encoding.toLowerCase() !== "utf-8" && supplied.encoding.toLowerCase() !== "utf-8-sig") {
-      return void 0;
-    }
-    let sourceBytes = inBytes;
-    if (supplied.filePath !== void 0 && supplied.filePath !== "-") {
-      if (!readFileSync) return void 0;
-      const fileBytes = readFileSync(supplied.filePath);
-      if (!fileBytes || fileBytes.byteLength > 16384) return void 0;
-      sourceBytes = fileBytes;
-    }
-    if (supplied.names && supplied.headerless) return void 0;
-    const dialect = { ...supplied.dialect, profile: supplied.dialect?.profile ?? "utf8-sig-permissive-v1" };
-    if (Number.isSafeInteger(dialect.skipLines) && dialect.skipLines < 0) dialect.skipLines = 0;
-    if (sourceBytes === void 0) return void 0;
-    const parser = new CsvParser(dialect, budget);
-    const rows = [...parser.push(sourceBytes), ...parser.end()];
-    const first = rows[0];
-    if (supplied.names && !first) return void 0;
-    const headers = supplied.headerless ? generatedHeaders(first?.cells.length ?? 0, budget) : first?.cells ?? [];
-    let out = supplied.addBom ? "\uFEFF" : "";
-    if (supplied.names) {
-      for (let i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
-        out += `${String(i + (supplied.zero ? 0 : 1)).padStart(3, " ")}: ${headers[i]}
-`;
-      }
-      return out;
-    }
-    const columns = headers.length ? resolveColumns(supplied, headers, budget) : [];
-    const project2 = (cells) => {
-      const projected = [];
-      for (let i = 0; i < columns.length; i++) {
-        projected.push(cells[columns[i]] ?? "");
-      }
-      return projected;
-    };
-    const heading = project2(headers);
-    if (supplied.lineNumbers) heading.unshift("line_number");
-    out += serializeRow(heading, budget);
-    let number2 = 0;
-    for (let i = supplied.headerless ? 0 : 1; i < rows.length; i++) {
-      const cells = project2(rows[i].cells);
-      if (supplied.deleteEmptyRows && cells.every((c) => c === "")) continue;
-      if (supplied.lineNumbers) cells.unshift(String(++number2));
-      out += serializeRow(cells, budget);
-    }
-    return out;
-  } catch {
-    return void 0;
-  } finally {
-    budget.dispose();
-  }
-}
-
-// packages/safe-bash/src/commands/csvgrep/index.ts
-init_platform();
-import {
-  CsvBudget as CsvBudget3,
-  CsvParser as CsvParser3,
-  createMatcher,
-  generatedHeaders as generatedHeaders3,
-  matchesRow,
-  parseCsvgrepArguments,
-  selectColumns,
-  serializeRow as serializeRow3,
-  createCsvgrepCommand as createRawCsvgrepCommand,
-  createCsvgrepCommands as createRawCsvgrepCommands,
-  csvgrepCommand as rawCsvgrepCommand
-} from "../../safe-bash-command-csvgrep/index.js";
-import { CsvBudget as CsvBudget4, CsvError as CsvError2, CsvParser as CsvParser4, createMatcher as createMatcher2, csvgrep, generatedHeaders as generatedHeaders4, matchesRow as matchesRow2, parseCsvgrepArguments as parseCsvgrepArguments2, selectColumns as selectColumns2, serializeRow as serializeRow4 } from "../../safe-bash-command-csvgrep/index.js";
-builtInDirectContextExecutors.add(rawCsvgrepCommand.execute);
-function createCsvgrepCommand(options) {
-  const def = createRawCsvgrepCommand(options);
-  if (options?.limits === void 0) builtInDirectContextExecutors.add(def.execute);
-  return def;
-}
-function createCsvgrepCommands(options) {
-  const defs = createRawCsvgrepCommands(options);
-  if (options?.limits === void 0) {
-    for (let i = 0; i < defs.length; i++) builtInDirectContextExecutors.add(defs[i].execute);
-  }
-  return defs;
-}
-function csvgrepCommands(options = {}) {
-  const commands = createCsvgrepCommands(options);
-  const replace = options.replace ?? false;
-  return {
-    name: "csvgrep",
-    setup(host) {
-      for (const command of commands) host.commands.register(command, { replace });
-    }
-  };
-}
-var _syncAbortSignal2;
-var syncAbortSignal2 = () => _syncAbortSignal2 ??= new AbortController().signal;
-function evalSyncCsvgrep(inBytes, opArgs, readFileSync) {
-  if (inBytes !== void 0 && inBytes.byteLength > 16384) return void 0;
-  const budget = new CsvBudget3({}, syncAbortSignal2());
-  try {
-    const options = parseCsvgrepArguments(opArgs, budget);
-    if (!options.names) {
-      if (!options.columns) return void 0;
-      const modes = [options.match !== void 0, options.regex !== void 0, options.file !== void 0].filter(Boolean).length;
-      if (modes !== 1) return void 0;
-    }
-    if (options.names && options.headerless) return void 0;
-    let fileMatchSet = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
-    if (options.file !== void 0) {
-      if (!readFileSync) return void 0;
-      const patBytes = readFileSync(options.file);
-      if (!patBytes || patBytes.byteLength > 16384) return void 0;
-      const patText = new TextDecoder("utf-8", { fatal: false }).decode(patBytes);
-      fileMatchSet = new Set(patText.split(/\r?\n/).filter((l) => l.length > 0));
-    }
-    let sourceBytes = inBytes;
-    if (options.filePath !== void 0 && options.filePath !== "-") {
-      if (!readFileSync) return void 0;
-      const fileBytes = readFileSync(options.filePath);
-      if (!fileBytes || fileBytes.byteLength > 16384) return void 0;
-      sourceBytes = fileBytes;
-    }
-    if (sourceBytes === void 0) return void 0;
-    const parser = new CsvParser3(options.dialect ?? {}, budget);
-    const rows = [...parser.push(sourceBytes), ...parser.end()];
-    const matcher = options.names ? void 0 : createMatcher(options, fileMatchSet, budget);
-    let headers;
-    let columns = [];
-    let out = "";
-    for (const row of rows) {
-      if (headers === void 0) {
-        headers = options.headerless ? generatedHeaders3(row.cells.length + (options.lineNumbers ? 1 : 0), budget) : row.cells;
-        if (options.lineNumbers && !options.headerless) {
-          headers = ["line_numbers", ...headers];
-        }
-        if (options.names) {
-          for (let i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
-            out += `${String(i + (options.zero ? 0 : 1)).padStart(3)}: ${headers[i]}
-`;
-          }
-          return out;
-        }
-        columns = selectColumns(options.columns, headers, options.zero ?? false, budget, void 0, options.lineNumbers ? 1 : 0);
-        out += serializeRow3(headers, budget);
-        if (!options.headerless) continue;
-      }
-      const cells = options.lineNumbers ? [String(row.line - (options.headerless ? 0 : 1)), ...row.cells] : row.cells;
-      if (matchesRow(cells, columns, matcher, options.any ?? false, options.invert ?? false, budget)) {
-        out += serializeRow3(cells, budget);
-      }
-    }
-    if (headers === void 0) {
-      if (options.names) return void 0;
-      out += serializeRow3([], budget);
-    }
-    return out;
-  } catch {
-    return void 0;
-  } finally {
-    budget.dispose();
-  }
-}
-
-// packages/safe-bash/src/commands/htmlq/index.ts
-init_platform();
-import {
-  HtmlBudget,
-  HtmlError,
-  detachHtmlNode,
-  getInternalHtmlNode,
-  htmlText,
-  htmlq,
-  htmlqBaseline,
-  htmlqBytes,
-  inclusiveHtmlDescendants,
-  invocationOptions,
-  parseHtml,
-  parseHtmlSync,
-  parseHtmlqArguments,
-  replaceHtmlAttribute,
-  rustWhitespaceOnly,
-  selectHtml,
-  serializeHtml,
-  serializeHtmlBytes
-} from "../../safe-bash-command-htmlq/index.js";
-import { createHtmlqCommand, createHtmlqCommands, htmlqCommand, htmlqCommands } from "../../safe-bash-command-htmlq/index.js";
-var _syncAbortSignal3;
-var syncAbortSignal3 = () => _syncAbortSignal3 ??= new AbortController().signal;
-var syncHtmlDecoder = new TextDecoder("utf-8", { fatal: false, ignoreBOM: true });
-var syncHtmlEncoder = new TextEncoder();
-var syncHtmlLimits = Object.freeze({
-  inputBytes: Infinity,
-  decodedBytes: Infinity,
-  retainedBytes: Infinity,
-  nodes: Infinity,
-  attributes: Infinity,
-  depth: Infinity,
-  tokenBytes: Infinity,
-  work: Infinity,
-  outputBytes: Infinity
-});
-function evalSyncHtmlq(inBytes, opArgs, readFileSync, writeFileSync) {
-  if (inBytes && inBytes.byteLength > 16384) return void 0;
-  try {
-    const invocation = invocationOptions({ signal: syncAbortSignal3(), limits: syncHtmlLimits });
-    const args = parseHtmlqArguments(opArgs, invocation);
-    if (args.help || args.version) return void 0;
-    let srcBytes = inBytes;
-    if (args.filename !== "-") {
-      if (!readFileSync) return void 0;
-      const fBytes = readFileSync(args.filename);
-      if (!fBytes || fBytes.byteLength > 16384) return void 0;
-      srcBytes = fBytes;
-    }
-    if (!srcBytes) return void 0;
-    const budget = new HtmlBudget(invocation);
-    const original = syncHtmlDecoder.decode(srcBytes);
-    const document = parseHtmlSync(original, invocation, budget);
-    let base;
-    if (args.base) {
-      try {
-        base = new URL(args.base);
-      } catch {
-        base = void 0;
-      }
-    }
-    if (args.detectBase) {
-      const first = selectHtml(document, "base", invocation).next().value;
-      const href = first?.attributes.find((a) => a.name === "href")?.value ?? "";
-      if (href) {
-        try {
-          base = new URL(href);
-        } catch {
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    const selected = selectHtml(document, args.selector, invocation);
-    let removal = "";
-    if (args.removeNodes.length) {
-      removal = args.removeNodes.join(",");
-      try {
-        selectHtml(document, removal, invocation);
-      } catch (error) {
-        if (!(error instanceof HtmlError) || error.code !== "E_SELECTOR") throw error;
-        removal = "";
-      }
-    }
-    let out = "";
-    let selectedIndex = 0;
-    for (const node of selected) {
-      const isFirstNode = selectedIndex++ === 0;
-      if (removal) {
-        const first = selectHtml(node, removal, invocation).next().value;
-        if (first) detachHtmlNode(first, invocation);
-      }
-      if (base && node.namespace === "html" && ["a", "area", "link"].includes(node.name)) {
-        const href = node.attributes.find((a) => a.namespace === "none" && a.name === "href")?.value;
-        if (href !== void 0) {
-          let value;
-          if (href.startsWith("////")) {
-            let i = 0;
-            while (href[i] === "/") i++;
-            value = href.slice(i);
-          } else {
-            try {
-              value = new URL(href, base).href;
-            } catch {
-              value = base.href;
-            }
-          }
-          replaceHtmlAttribute(node, "href", value, invocation);
-        }
-      }
-      if (args.attributes.length) {
-        for (const name2 of args.attributes) {
-          const attribute = node.attributes.find((a) => a.namespace === "none" && a.name === name2);
-          if (attribute) out += attribute.value + "\n";
-        }
-      } else if (args.text) {
-        const internal = !args.ignoreWhitespace && !isFirstNode ? getInternalHtmlNode(node) : void 0;
-        if (internal && internal.children.length === 1 && internal.children[0].kind === "text" && internal.children[0].children.length === 0) {
-          out += internal.children[0].data + "\n";
-        } else {
-          for (const descendant of inclusiveHtmlDescendants(node, invocation)) {
-            if (descendant.kind !== "text") continue;
-            if (args.ignoreWhitespace && rustWhitespaceOnly(descendant.data)) continue;
-            out += descendant.data;
-            if (args.ignoreWhitespace) out += "\n";
-          }
-          out += "\n";
-        }
-      } else {
-        out += serializeHtml(node, invocation, args.pretty ? "pretty" : "normalized") + "\n";
-      }
-    }
-    if (args.output !== "-") {
-      if (!writeFileSync || !writeFileSync(args.output, syncHtmlEncoder.encode(out))) return void 0;
-      return "";
-    }
-    return out;
-  } catch {
-    return void 0;
-  }
-}
-
-// packages/safe-bash/src/commands/unrtf/index.ts
-init_platform();
-import {
-  renderRtfSync,
-  createUnrtfCommand as createRawUnrtfCommand,
-  createUnrtfCommands as createRawUnrtfCommands
-} from "../../safe-bash-command-unrtf/index.js";
-import { UnrtfError, charsetCodePages, codecLabels, extractRtf, renderRtf, renderRtfSync as renderRtfSync2, tokenizeRtf, unrtf, unrtfBaseline, unrtfCommand } from "../../safe-bash-command-unrtf/index.js";
-function createUnrtfCommand(options = {}) {
-  return registerDefaultExecutor(createRawUnrtfCommand(options), options);
-}
-function createUnrtfCommands(options = {}) {
-  return registerDefaultExecutors(createRawUnrtfCommands(options), options);
-}
-function unrtfCommands(options = {}) {
-  const commands = createUnrtfCommands(options);
-  const replace = options.replace ?? false;
-  return {
-    name: "unrtf",
-    setup(host) {
-      if (!replace) {
-        for (const command of commands) {
-          if (host.commands.has(command.name)) throw new Error(`Command already registered: ${command.name}`);
-        }
-      }
-      for (const command of commands) host.commands.register(command, { replace });
-    }
-  };
-}
-var _syncUnrtfSignal;
-var syncUnrtfSignal = () => _syncUnrtfSignal ??= new AbortController().signal;
-var syncUnrtfDecoder = new TextDecoder("utf-8", { fatal: false });
-var unrtfCache = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-function evalSyncUnrtf(inBytes, opArgs, readFileSync) {
-  let format = "html";
-  let profile;
-  let quiet;
-  let noremap;
-  let file;
-  let literal = false;
-  for (let i = 0; i < opArgs.length; i++) {
-    const arg = opArgs[i];
-    if (literal) {
-      if (file !== void 0) return void 0;
-      file = arg;
-    } else if (arg === "--") literal = true;
-    else if (arg === "--text") format = "text";
-    else if (arg === "--html") format = "html";
-    else if (arg === "--latex") format = "latex";
-    else if (arg.startsWith("--profile=")) profile = arg.slice("--profile=".length);
-    else if (arg === "--quiet") quiet = true;
-    else if (arg === "--noremap") noremap = true;
-    else if (arg === "--nopict" || arg === "-n") continue;
-    else if (arg.startsWith("-")) return void 0;
-    else {
-      if (file !== void 0) return void 0;
-      file = arg;
-    }
-  }
-  let srcBytes = inBytes;
-  if (file !== void 0) {
-    if (!readFileSync || file.includes("\0")) return void 0;
-    srcBytes = readFileSync(file) ?? readFileSync(file + ".rtf");
-  }
-  if (!srcBytes || srcBytes.byteLength === 0 || srcBytes.byteLength > 16384) return void 0;
-  const cacheKey = `${format}|\0${profile ?? ""}|\0${quiet ? 1 : 0}|\0${noremap ? 1 : 0}|\0${syncUnrtfDecoder.decode(srcBytes)}`;
-  const cached = unrtfCache.get(cacheKey);
-  if (cached !== void 0) return cached;
-  try {
-    let out = renderRtfSync(srcBytes, {
-      format,
-      signal: syncUnrtfSignal(),
-      ...quiet === void 0 ? {} : { quiet },
-      ...noremap === void 0 ? {} : { noremap },
-      ...profile === void 0 ? {} : { profile }
-    });
-    if (out.endsWith("\n")) out = out.slice(0, -1);
-    if (unrtfCache.size >= 8) unrtfCache.clear();
-    unrtfCache.set(cacheKey, out);
-    return out;
-  } catch {
-    return void 0;
-  }
-}
-
-// packages/safe-bash/src/commands/diff3/index.ts
-init_platform();
-import {
-  compareDiff3,
-  diff3DefaultLimits,
-  parseDiff3Arguments,
-  createDiff3Command as createRawDiff3Command,
-  createDiff3Commands as createRawDiff3Commands
-} from "../../safe-bash-command-diff3/index.js";
-import { Diff3Error, analyzeDiff3, compareDiff3 as compareDiff32, createDiff3Engine, diff3, diff3Command, diff3DefaultLimits as diff3DefaultLimits2, parseDiff3Arguments as parseDiff3Arguments2, validateDiff3Invocation } from "../../safe-bash-command-diff3/index.js";
-function createDiff3Command(options = {}) {
-  return registerDefaultExecutor(createRawDiff3Command(options), options);
-}
-function createDiff3Commands(options = {}) {
-  return registerDefaultExecutors(createRawDiff3Commands(options), options);
-}
-function diff3Commands(options = {}) {
-  const commands = createDiff3Commands(options);
-  const replace = options.replace ?? false;
-  return {
-    name: "diff3-commands",
-    setup(host) {
-      if (!replace) {
-        for (const command of commands) {
-          if (host.commands.has(command.name)) throw new Error(`Command already registered: ${command.name}`);
-        }
-      }
-      for (const command of commands) host.commands.register(command, { replace });
-    }
-  };
-}
-var _syncDiff3Signal;
-var syncDiff3Signal = () => _syncDiff3Signal ??= new AbortController().signal;
-var syncDiff3Decoder = new TextDecoder("utf-8", { fatal: true, ignoreBOM: true });
-function evalSyncDiff3(inBytes, opArgs, readFileSync) {
-  try {
-    const options = parseDiff3Arguments([...opArgs], diff3DefaultLimits);
-    if (options.information !== void 0 || options.files.length !== 3) return void 0;
-    const inputs = [];
-    let stdinUsed = false;
-    for (const file of options.files) {
-      let srcBytes;
-      if (file === "-") {
-        if (stdinUsed || !inBytes) return void 0;
-        stdinUsed = true;
-        srcBytes = inBytes;
-      } else {
-        if (!readFileSync) return void 0;
-        srcBytes = readFileSync(file);
-      }
-      if (!srcBytes || srcBytes.byteLength > 16384) return void 0;
-      inputs.push(srcBytes);
-    }
-    const rendered = compareDiff3(inputs, options, diff3DefaultLimits, syncDiff3Signal());
-    if (rendered.exitCode !== 0 || rendered.stderr.byteLength !== 0) return void 0;
-    let out = syncDiff3Decoder.decode(rendered.stdout);
-    if (out.endsWith("\n")) out = out.slice(0, -1);
-    return out;
-  } catch {
-    return void 0;
-  }
-}
-
 // packages/safe-bash/src/commands/search/index.ts
 init_platform();
 
@@ -3899,7 +3595,7 @@ import { createRgCommand } from "../../safe-bash-command-rg/index.js";
 import { evalSyncRg } from "../../safe-bash-command-rg/index.js";
 function createSearchCommands(options = {}) {
   const definitions = [createRgCommand(options)];
-  for (let i = 0; i < definitions.length; i++) builtInDirectContextExecutors.add(definitions[i].execute);
+  for (let i = 0; i < definitions.length; i++) builtInDirectContextExecutors2.add(definitions[i].execute);
   return definitions;
 }
 function searchCommands(options = {}) {
@@ -3917,6 +3613,7 @@ function searchCommands(options = {}) {
 
 // packages/safe-bash/src/shell/shell.ts
 init_platform();
+import { utf8ByteLength } from "../../safe-bash-byte-engine/index.js";
 
 // packages/safe-bash/src/commands/text-programs/awk-reader.ts
 init_platform();
@@ -6472,7 +6169,7 @@ var ValueStore = class {
     return this._values?.get(name2)?.value ?? this._strings?.get(name2) ?? text3;
   }
   publishString(name2, value, rawVariables) {
-    if (this.arena.hasInfiniteBytes) {
+    if (this.arena.hasInfiniteBytes && this.arena.maximumSlots === Infinity) {
       this.arena.assertOpen();
       rawVariables[name2] = value;
       this.invalidate(name2);
@@ -7547,7 +7244,7 @@ function observeDescriptor(source, scope, budget, signal) {
 }
 
 // packages/safe-bash/src/shell/runtime.ts
-import { MemoryFileSystem as MemoryFileSystem2, isCleanAbsolutePath, retargetScopedFileSystem, scopeFileSystem, tryGetMemoryDirectoryEntryNamesSync, tryMkdirMemorySync, tryOpenMemoryRedirectHandleSync, tryResolveMemoryDevicePath as tryResolveMemoryDevicePath2, tryRmRfMemorySync, tryWriteMemoryFileInDirSync, tryWriteMemoryFileSync } from "@poe-platform/safe-fs/core";
+import { MemoryFileSystem, isCleanAbsolutePath, retargetScopedFileSystem, scopeFileSystem, tryGetMemoryDirectoryEntryNamesSync, tryMkdirMemorySync, tryOpenMemoryRedirectHandleSync, tryResolveMemoryDevicePath as tryResolveMemoryDevicePath2, tryRmRfMemorySync, tryWriteMemoryFileInDirSync, tryWriteMemoryFileSync } from "@poe-platform/safe-fs/core";
 
 // packages/safe-bash/src/shell/brace-expansion.ts
 init_platform();
@@ -7957,9 +7654,13 @@ async function* expandBraces(word, budget, signal) {
   }
 }
 
+// packages/safe-bash/src/shell/runtime.ts
+import { createAliasCommand } from "../../safe-bash-command-alias/index.js";
+import { createUnaliasCommand } from "../../safe-bash-command-unalias/index.js";
+
 // packages/safe-bash/src/shell/tilde-expansion.ts
 init_platform();
-function expandTildes(parts, variables, budget, assignmentStart) {
+function expandTildes(parts, variables, budget, assignmentStart, colonEndsInitialTilde = false) {
   const result = [];
   for (let index = 0; index < parts.length; index++) {
     const part = parts[index];
@@ -7974,7 +7675,7 @@ function expandTildes(parts, variables, budget, assignmentStart) {
       const initial = index === 0 && offset === (assignmentStart ?? 0);
       if (!initial && !(assignmentStart !== void 0 && offset > 0 && part.value[offset - 1] === ":")) continue;
       let end = offset + 1;
-      while (end < part.value.length && part.value[end] !== "/" && !(assignmentStart !== void 0 && part.value[end] === ":")) {
+      while (end < part.value.length && part.value[end] !== "/" && !((assignmentStart !== void 0 || colonEndsInitialTilde && initial) && part.value[end] === ":")) {
         if (end % 1024 === 0) budget.cpuCheckpoint();
         end++;
       }
@@ -11968,7 +11669,7 @@ function createSession(budget, scope) {
     budget,
     budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes,
     budget.limits.maxExpansionFields,
-    ArrayLedger.createInternal(budget.limits.maxCommands ?? 1e4),
+    ArrayLedger.createInternal(budget.limits.maxCommands ?? Infinity),
     scope
   );
   scope.setArraySession(session);
@@ -13385,7 +13086,7 @@ async function umaskBuiltin(context, state) {
 }
 
 // packages/safe-bash/src/shell/runtime.ts
-import { abortManagedController as abortManagedController2, addAbortSignalWaiter as addAbortSignalWaiter2, combineManagedSignals as combineManagedSignals2, createManagedControlController as createManagedControlController2, getRuntimeBackingFileSystem as getRuntimeBackingFileSystem2, interruptible as interruptible2, isSyncResolved as isSyncResolved5, registerRuntimeBackingFileSystem, removeAbortSignalWaiter as removeAbortSignalWaiter2, toNativeAbortSignal } from "../../safe-bash-contracts/runtime-control.js";
+import { abortManagedController as abortManagedController2, combineManagedSignals as combineManagedSignals2, releaseCombinedSignal, createManagedControlController as createManagedControlController2, getRuntimeBackingFileSystem as getRuntimeBackingFileSystem2, interruptible as interruptible2, isSyncResolved as isSyncResolved5, registerRuntimeBackingFileSystem, toNativeAbortSignal } from "../../safe-bash-contracts/runtime-control.js";
 var sharedCaptureDecoder = new TextDecoder("utf-8", { ignoreBOM: true });
 var cachedCaptureAsciiBytes = new Uint8Array(4096);
 var cachedCaptureAsciiLen = 0;
@@ -13503,13 +13204,16 @@ var shellBuiltinNames = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
   ".",
   "source",
   "eval",
+  "exec",
   "getopts",
   "let",
   "pushd",
   "dirs",
   "popd",
   "shopt",
-  "hash"
+  "hash",
+  "alias",
+  "unalias"
 ]);
 var implementedBuiltins = new Set([...shellBuiltinNames].filter((name2) => !["echo", "printf", "test", "["].includes(name2)));
 var extensionExitFailures = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
@@ -13572,9 +13276,10 @@ function publishCommandSpelling(state, description) {
   (monitor?.raw ?? state).variables.BASH_COMMAND = description;
 }
 function resolveLimits(...limits) {
-  const result = Object.assign({}, defaultLimits, ...limits);
+  const definedLimits = limits.map((layer) => Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(layer ?? {}).filter(([, value]) => value !== void 0)));
+  const result = Object.assign({}, defaultLimits, ...definedLimits);
   const commandLimits = resolveCommandLimits(...limits.map((value) => value?.commandLimits));
-  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(Object.assign({}, ...limits))) {
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(Object.assign({}, ...definedLimits))) {
     if (key === "commandLimits") continue;
     if ((value !== Infinity || key === "pipeHighWaterMark") && (!Number.isSafeInteger(value) || value < (key === "pipeHighWaterMark" ? 1 : 0))) {
       throw new RangeError(`${key} must be a ${key === "pipeHighWaterMark" ? "positive" : "nonnegative"} safe integer`);
@@ -13894,6 +13599,7 @@ var Budget2 = class {
     return this._wallClockDeadline;
   }
   close() {
+    if (this._hasExternalSignal) releaseCombinedSignal(this.signal);
     const timer = this._wallClockTimer;
     if (timer === void 0) return;
     if (timer === true) {
@@ -14269,7 +13975,7 @@ var Capture = class {
         }
         if (same) return cachedCaptureAsciiStr;
       }
-      const decoded = typeof globalThis.Buffer === "function" ? globalThis.Buffer.prototype.utf8Slice.call(buf, 0, len) : sharedCaptureDecoder.decode(buf.subarray(0, len));
+      const decoded = sharedCaptureDecoder.decode(buf.subarray(0, len));
       if (len <= 4096) {
         for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) cachedCaptureAsciiBytes[i] = buf[i];
         cachedCaptureAsciiLen = len;
@@ -14307,6 +14013,16 @@ var invokedValues = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
 var functionDiagnostics = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
 var childIdentities = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
 var declarationArrays = /* @__PURE__ */ Symbol("declarationArrays");
+var execDescriptorFrames = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+async function closeExecDescriptors(state) {
+  const raw = stateMonitor(state)?.raw ?? state;
+  const frame = execDescriptorFrames.get(raw);
+  if (!frame) return;
+  execDescriptorFrames.delete(raw);
+  const results = await Promise.allSettled([...frame.releases.values()].map((release) => release()));
+  frame.releases.clear();
+  throwCleanupFailures(results.filter((result) => result.status === "rejected").map((result) => result.reason));
+}
 var DescriptorLifetime = class {
   constructor(finalize) {
     this.finalize = finalize;
@@ -14531,6 +14247,8 @@ var ExpansionFailure = class extends Error {
   }
   line;
 };
+var FailglobFailure = class extends ExpansionFailure {
+};
 var CommandFailure = class extends Error {
   constructor(message2, status) {
     super(message2);
@@ -14981,10 +14699,19 @@ function bindCommandIO(context, io, limits = {}) {
   });
 }
 var FastShellCommandContext = class _FastShellCommandContext {
-  constructor(runtime, state, io, scope, name2, args, argumentValues, env, signalIsScoped) {
-    const directContext = FAST_DIRECT_CONTEXT_COMMANDS.has(name2) || name2 === "find" && !args.includes("-exec") && !args.includes("-ok");
+  get signal() {
+    const self = this._self ?? this;
+    return self._nativeSignal ??= toNativeAbortSignal(self._rawSignal);
+  }
+  set signal(signal) {
+    const self = this._self ?? this;
+    self._rawSignal = signal;
+    self._nativeSignal = void 0;
+  }
+  constructor(runtime, state, io, scope, name2, args, argumentValues, env, signalIsScoped, definition) {
+    const directContext = builtInDirectContextExecutors2.has(definition.execute) && !customRegisteredCommands.has(definition.execute) && (FAST_DIRECT_CONTEXT_COMMANDS.has(name2) || name2 === "find" && !args.includes("-exec") && !args.includes("-ok"));
     if (!directContext) {
-      const { [invocationScope]: ignoredScope, [valueScope]: ignoredAllocation, [declarationArrays]: ignoredArrays, argumentValues: ignoredArguments, ...publicIO } = io;
+      const { [invocationScope]: ignoredScope, [valueScope]: ignoredAllocation, [declarationArrays]: ignoredArrays, argumentValues: ignoredArguments, signal: ignoredSignal, ...publicIO } = io;
       Object.defineProperties(this, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(publicIO));
     }
     this._self = this;
@@ -15003,14 +14730,20 @@ var FastShellCommandContext = class _FastShellCommandContext {
     this._argumentValues = argumentValues;
     this._env = env;
     this.cwd = state.cwd;
-    this.signal = runtime._isMemoryBackingFs && runtime.commandSignal === runtime.signal ? runtime.commandSignal : toNativeAbortSignal(runtime.commandSignal);
+    this.signal = runtime.commandSignal;
     this.onInternalError = runtime.budget.onInternalError;
     this.argv0 = io.argv0;
     this.capabilities = io.capabilities;
     this.processSignals = io.processSignals;
     this.diagnosticLine = io.diagnosticLine;
     this.scriptName = io.scriptName;
-    if (directContext) return;
+    if (directContext) {
+      Object.defineProperty(this, "signal", {
+        ...Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(_FastShellCommandContext.prototype, "signal"),
+        enumerable: true
+      });
+      return;
+    }
     workerRuntimeContexts.set(this, {
       budget: runtime.budget,
       umask: state.umask ?? 18,
@@ -15051,7 +14784,7 @@ var FastShellCommandContext = class _FastShellCommandContext {
     this.command = name2;
     this.args = args;
     this.cwd = state.cwd;
-    this.signal = runtime._isMemoryBackingFs ? signal : toNativeAbortSignal(signal);
+    this.signal = signal;
     this.onInternalError = runtime.budget.onInternalError;
     this.argv0 = io.argv0;
     this.capabilities = io.capabilities;
@@ -15195,7 +14928,6 @@ var FastShellCommandContext = class _FastShellCommandContext {
   }
   get fs() {
     const self = this._self ?? this;
-    self.signal = toNativeAbortSignal(self.signal);
     if (!self._contextFs) {
       self._contextFs = self._runtime.getContextFsForFast(self._state.umask ?? 18, self._getScopedSignal());
     }
@@ -15281,7 +15013,7 @@ function isFastDirectCommand(name2, words) {
   }
   return true;
 }
-var fastShellCommandAccessors = ["env", "fs", "shellPredicates", "inputBudget", "executionScope", "registerCleanup", "invoke", "argumentValues"].map((key) => [key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(FastShellCommandContext.prototype, key)]);
+var fastShellCommandAccessors = ["signal", "env", "fs", "shellPredicates", "inputBudget", "executionScope", "registerCleanup", "invoke", "argumentValues", "stdinInput", "stdoutFile"].map((key) => [key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(FastShellCommandContext.prototype, key)]);
 function cloneRawState(raw, hasLocals) {
   const variables = Object.assign(/* @__PURE__ */ Object.create(null), raw.variables);
   const exported = raw.exported.size ? new Set(raw.exported) : /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
@@ -15305,6 +15037,11 @@ function cloneRawState(raw, hasLocals) {
   if (raw.variableAttributes) cloned.variableAttributes = new Map(raw.variableAttributes);
   if (raw.getopts) cloned.getopts = cloneGetoptsBinding(raw);
   if (raw.functionNames) cloned.functionNames = [...raw.functionNames];
+  if (raw.aliases) cloned.aliases = new Map(raw.aliases);
+  if (raw.loopDepth > 0 || raw._subshellInLoop) {
+    cloned._subshellInLoop = true;
+  }
+  cloned.loopDepth = 0;
   return cloned;
 }
 function tryCloneStateSync(state, scope, inheritLocals = true) {
@@ -16179,7 +15916,6 @@ function hasGlobOrEscape(text3, extglob = false) {
   }
   return false;
 }
-var nextProcessSubstitutionId = 0;
 var fastSubScratchArgs = [];
 var defaultValueScopeReserve = ValueScope.prototype.reserve;
 var defaultStringCodePointAt = String.prototype.codePointAt;
@@ -16393,14 +16129,12 @@ var PooledSyncPipeWriter = class {
   signal;
   target = EMPTY_BYTES;
   used = 0;
-  overflowed = false;
   lineCountOnly = -1;
   reset(budget, signal, target, lineCountOnly = -1) {
     this.budget = budget;
     this.signal = signal;
     this.target = target;
     this.used = 0;
-    this.overflowed = false;
     this.lineCountOnly = lineCountOnly;
   }
   writeLineCountSync(count, totalBytes) {
@@ -16408,27 +16142,31 @@ var PooledSyncPipeWriter = class {
     if (totalBytes > 0) {
       const budget = this.budget;
       if (budget.bytes + totalBytes > budget.maxOutputBytesSmi && totalBytes > budget.limits.maxOutputBytes - budget.bytes) budget.fail("maxOutputBytes");
-      if (this.used + totalBytes > this.target.byteLength) {
-        this.overflowed = true;
-        return false;
-      }
       this.used += totalBytes;
       budget.bytes += totalBytes;
     }
     this.lineCountOnly = count;
     return true;
   }
+  reserve(length) {
+    const required = this.used + length;
+    if (required <= this.target.byteLength) return;
+    const capacity = Math.min(this.budget.limits.maxOutputBytes, Math.max(required, this.target.byteLength * 2));
+    const target = new Uint8Array(capacity);
+    target.set(this.target.subarray(0, this.used));
+    this.target = target;
+  }
   writeSync(chunk) {
     this.signal.throwIfAborted();
     const len = chunk.byteLength;
     if (len === 0) return true;
     const budget = this.budget;
     if (budget.bytes + len > budget.maxOutputBytesSmi && len > budget.limits.maxOutputBytes - budget.bytes) budget.fail("maxOutputBytes");
-    if (this.used + len > this.target.byteLength) {
-      this.overflowed = true;
-      return false;
-    }
+    this.reserve(len);
     this.target.set(chunk, this.used);
+    if (this.lineCountOnly >= 0) {
+      for (const byte of chunk) if (byte === 10) this.lineCountOnly++;
+    }
     this.used += len;
     budget.bytes += len;
     return true;
@@ -16438,21 +16176,22 @@ var PooledSyncPipeWriter = class {
     if (len === 0) return true;
     const budget = this.budget;
     if (budget.bytes + len > budget.maxOutputBytesSmi && len > budget.limits.maxOutputBytes - budget.bytes) budget.fail("maxOutputBytes");
-    if (this.used + len > this.target.byteLength) {
-      this.overflowed = true;
-      return false;
-    }
+    this.reserve(len);
     const dst = this.target;
     const base = this.used;
-    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) dst[base + i] = src[i];
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      const byte = src[i];
+      dst[base + i] = byte;
+      if (this.lineCountOnly >= 0 && byte === 10) this.lineCountOnly++;
+    }
     this.used = base + len;
     budget.bytes += len;
     return true;
   }
   write(chunk) {
     try {
-      if (this.writeSync(chunk)) return resolvedVoid4;
-      return Promise.reject(new Error("Sync pipe stage buffer overflow"));
+      this.writeSync(chunk);
+      return resolvedVoid4;
     } catch (err) {
       return Promise.reject(err);
     }
@@ -16763,7 +16502,7 @@ function fastStringHexIdentity(str) {
   return bytesToHex(fastSharedTextEncoder.encode(str));
 }
 var syncConditionalFileUnaryOps = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set(["-e", "-a", "-f", "-d", "-s", "-L", "-h", "-r", "-w", "-x"]);
-var memoryFilePredicateImplementation = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(MemoryFileSystem2.prototype);
+var memoryFilePredicateImplementation = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(MemoryFileSystem.prototype);
 var evalSingleUnitCache = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
 function isDefaultShellSyntax(syntax) {
   if (!syntax) return true;
@@ -16820,14 +16559,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     this._canFastMemoryRedirect = void 0;
     this.sourceFs = runtimeFileSystems.get(fs) ?? fs;
     this.backingFs = getRuntimeBackingFileSystem2(this.sourceFs) ?? this.sourceFs;
-    this._isMemoryBackingFs = Object.getPrototypeOf(this.backingFs) === MemoryFileSystem2.prototype && Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.backingFs).every((name2) => {
-      const method = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(MemoryFileSystem2.prototype, name2)?.value;
+    this._isMemoryBackingFs = Object.getPrototypeOf(this.backingFs) === MemoryFileSystem.prototype && Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.backingFs).every((name2) => {
+      const method = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(MemoryFileSystem.prototype, name2)?.value;
       return typeof method !== "function" || Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(this.backingFs, name2)?.value === method;
-    }) && Object.getOwnPropertyNames(MemoryFileSystem2.prototype).every((name2) => {
-      const method = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(MemoryFileSystem2.prototype, name2)?.value;
+    }) && Object.getOwnPropertyNames(MemoryFileSystem.prototype).every((name2) => {
+      const method = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(MemoryFileSystem.prototype, name2)?.value;
       return typeof method !== "function" || Reflect.get(this.backingFs, name2) === method;
     });
-    if (this._isMemoryBackingFs) this.backingFs._activeRuntimeBudget = budget;
     registerInternalYieldCheckpoint(signal, budget.yieldCheckpoint);
     if (commandSignal !== signal) {
       inheritYieldCheckpoint(signal, commandSignal);
@@ -16839,6 +16577,22 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     }
   }
   reuseDefaultContextFs;
+  persistentIO(state, io) {
+    const frame = execDescriptorFrames.get(stateMonitor(state)?.raw ?? state);
+    if (!frame || io.execFrame === frame && io.execVersion === frame.version) return io;
+    const changed = new Map([...frame.descriptors].filter(([number2]) => io.execFrame !== frame || (frame.revisions.get(number2) ?? 0) > (io.execVersion ?? 0)));
+    const descriptors = new Map(io.descriptors ?? [[0, { input: io.stdin }], [1, { output: io.stdout }], [2, { output: io.stderr }]]);
+    for (const [number2, descriptor] of changed) descriptors.set(number2, descriptor);
+    return {
+      ...io,
+      descriptors,
+      execFrame: frame,
+      execVersion: frame.version,
+      ...changed.has(0) ? { stdin: descriptors.get(0)?.closed ? closedSource : descriptors.get(0)?.input ?? closedSource, stdinIsDefault: false } : {},
+      ...changed.has(1) ? { stdout: descriptors.get(1)?.closed ? closedSink : descriptors.get(1)?.output ?? closedSink } : {},
+      ...changed.has(2) ? { stderr: descriptors.get(2)?.closed ? closedSink : descriptors.get(2)?.output ?? closedSink } : {}
+    };
+  }
   static clearStaticPools() {
     clearRuntimePools();
   }
@@ -16864,11 +16618,12 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       const reusableEntry = reusableDefaultContextFsBySourceFs.get(this.sourceFs);
       if (reusableEntry && reusableEntry.inUseBy === this) {
         retargetScopedFileSystem(reusableEntry.scoped, noopFsCharge, NEVER_ABORTED_SIGNAL, noopFsCharge, 256);
+        registerRuntimeBackingFileSystem(reusableEntry.scoped, this.backingFs);
         reusableEntry.inUseBy = void 0;
       }
     }
     if (this.backingFs) {
-      const emptyFs = _sharedEmptyMemoryFs ??= new MemoryFileSystem2();
+      const emptyFs = _sharedEmptyMemoryFs ??= new MemoryFileSystem();
       this.backingFs = emptyFs;
       this.sourceFs = emptyFs;
       this._rawFs = emptyFs;
@@ -16882,7 +16637,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     if (!this._fs) {
       this._fs = scopeFileSystem(this._rawFs, this.budget.chargeFs, this.signal, this.budget.cleanupChargeFs, { maxPathComponents: this.budget.limits.maxPathnameComponents });
       runtimeFileSystems.set(this._fs, this.sourceFs);
-      registerRuntimeBackingFileSystem(this._fs, this.backingFs);
+      registerRuntimeBackingFileSystem(this._fs, this.backingFs, this.budget.chargeFs);
     }
     return this._fs;
   }
@@ -16893,7 +16648,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     if (this.reuseDefaultContextFs && sig === this.signal && umask === 18 && !this._contextFs && this._isMemoryBackingFs) {
       const entry = reusableDefaultContextFsBySourceFs.get(this.sourceFs);
       if (entry && (entry.inUseBy === void 0 || entry.inUseBy === this)) {
-        if (retargetScopedFileSystem(entry.scoped, this.budget.chargeFs, sig, this.budget.cleanupChargeFs, this.budget.limits.maxPathnameComponents)) {
+        if (retargetScopedFileSystem(entry.scoped, this.budget.chargeFs, toNativeAbortSignal(sig), this.budget.cleanupChargeFs, this.budget.limits.maxPathnameComponents)) {
+          registerRuntimeBackingFileSystem(entry.scoped, this.backingFs, this.budget.chargeFs);
           entry.inUseBy = this;
           this._contextFsMask = umask;
           this._contextFsSignal = sig;
@@ -16902,9 +16658,9 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         }
       }
     }
-    const created = scopeFileSystem(creationFileSystem(this.sourceFs, umask), this.budget.chargeFs, sig, this.budget.cleanupChargeFs, { maxPathComponents: this.budget.limits.maxPathnameComponents });
+    const created = scopeFileSystem(creationFileSystem(this.sourceFs, umask), this.budget.chargeFs, toNativeAbortSignal(sig), this.budget.cleanupChargeFs, { maxPathComponents: this.budget.limits.maxPathnameComponents });
     runtimeFileSystems.set(created, this.sourceFs);
-    registerRuntimeBackingFileSystem(created, this.backingFs);
+    registerRuntimeBackingFileSystem(created, this.backingFs, this.budget.chargeFs);
     this._contextFsMask = umask;
     this._contextFsSignal = sig;
     this._contextFs = created;
@@ -17943,6 +17699,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
   }
   variable(state, name2) {
     name2 = this.referenceName(state, name2);
+    if (name2 === "$" || name2 === "BASHPID") return "1";
+    if (name2 === "!") return "";
     if (name2 === "RANDOM" || name2 === "SECONDS") return readDynamicVariable(stateMonitor(state)?.raw ?? state, name2) ?? state.variables[name2];
     const binding = arrayStore(state)?.get(name2);
     if (binding) return binding.get(binding.associative ? binding.keys.get("30")?.index ?? -1 : 0);
@@ -19047,8 +18805,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       }
       const expandedEntries = [];
       let elementFields;
+      let attributedElement;
       if (assignment.kind === "element") {
         elementFields = await this.valueWord(assignment.value, state, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, false, false, 0);
+        if (selectedIndex !== void 0 && state.variableAttributes?.get(name2)?.includes("i")) {
+          const previous = assignment.append ? store.get(name2)?.getValue(selectedIndex) ?? (selectedIndex === 0 ? state.variables[name2] : void 0) ?? "" : void 0;
+          attributedElement = await this.attributeValue(state, name2, concatShellValues(elementFields, io[valueScope]), io, "assignment", previous);
+        }
       } else for (const entry of assignment.entries) {
         const original = compoundEntryWords.get(entry);
         let expandedEntry = false;
@@ -19068,6 +18831,36 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       }
       current = store.get(name2);
       initialMaximum = current?.maximum ?? (state.variables[name2] === void 0 ? -1 : 0);
+      if (assignment.kind === "compound" && expandedEntries.length > 0 && (state.variableAttributes?.get(name2)?.includes("i") || !isAssociative && expandedEntries.some(({ entry }) => entry.index && numericIndex(entry.index) === void 0))) {
+        let cursor = assignment.append ? initialMaximum + 1 : 0;
+        if (!assignment.append) await this.arrayAssignment({ ...assignment, entries: [] }, state, io, void 0, origin, associative, true);
+        for (const { entry, fields } of expandedEntries) {
+          const values = entry.index ? [concatShellValues(fields, io[valueScope])] : fields;
+          for (const value of values) {
+            const index = entry.index && !isAssociative ? await this.arrayIndex(store.get(name2), entry.index, state, io, operation2, true) : cursor;
+            const part = { kind: "text", value: shellValueText(value), quoted: true };
+            if (typeof value !== "string") invokedValues.set(part, value);
+            await this.arrayAssignment(
+              {
+                kind: "element",
+                name: name2,
+                append: entry.append ?? false,
+                index: isAssociative ? entry.index : { decimal: String(index) },
+                value: { offset: entry.value.offset, parts: [part] }
+              },
+              state,
+              io,
+              void 0,
+              origin,
+              associative,
+              true
+            );
+            cursor = index + 1;
+          }
+        }
+        if (declaration) await this.arrayAssignment({ ...assignment, append: true, entries: [] }, state, io, declaration, origin, associative, true);
+        return;
+      }
       this.assertArrayWritable(state, name2, origin);
       const watch = await store.watch(name2, operation2, this.signal);
       const supersede = await stateMonitor(state).prepareTypedPublication(name2, operation2, this.signal);
@@ -19101,7 +18894,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           if (index > 2147483647) throw new ArrayFailure("index outside 0..2147483647");
           const previous = append ? targetBinding.getValue(index) ?? "" : void 0;
           if (append && !state.variableAttributes?.get(name2)?.includes("i")) value = await join([previous, value]);
-          if (state.variableAttributes?.get(name2)) value = await this.attributeValue(state, name2, value, io, "assignment", previous);
+          if (attributedElement !== void 0) value = attributedElement;
+          else if (state.variableAttributes?.get(name2)) value = await this.attributeValue(state, name2, value, io, "assignment", previous);
           else if (shellValueByteLength(value) > this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes) this.budget.fail("maxExpansionBytes");
           const token = await valueToken(targetBinding.owner, value, this.signal);
           if (canReviseInPlace) {
@@ -19244,7 +19038,11 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     }
   }
   async run(script, state, io) {
-    return this.finishShell(state, io, (await this.runUnit(script, state, io)).exitCode);
+    try {
+      return await this.finishShell(state, io, (await this.runUnit(script, state, io)).exitCode);
+    } finally {
+      await closeExecDescriptors(state);
+    }
   }
   extensionContext(state, io, command = "", args = [], argumentValues = args) {
     const frame = state.extensions;
@@ -20241,7 +20039,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           if (state.isolated) throw error;
           throw error.reason;
         }
-        if (error instanceof Flow && error.kind === "exit") {
+        if (error instanceof Flow && (error.kind === "exit" || error.kind === "return" || error.kind === "break" || error.kind === "continue")) {
           if (this.tryFinishShellSync(state)) return { exitCode: error.status, terminated: true };
           return this.finishShell(monitor.proxy, io, error.status).then((exitCode) => ({ exitCode, terminated: true }));
         }
@@ -20263,7 +20061,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         if (state.isolated) throw error;
         throw error.reason;
       }
-      if (error instanceof Flow && error.kind === "exit") return { exitCode: await this.finishShell(state, io, error.status), terminated: true };
+      if (error instanceof Flow && (error.kind === "exit" || error.kind === "return" || error.kind === "break" || error.kind === "continue")) return { exitCode: await this.finishShell(state, io, error.status), terminated: true };
       throw error;
     }
   }
@@ -20276,7 +20074,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         if (state.isolated) throw error;
         throw error.reason;
       }
-      if (error instanceof Flow && error.kind === "exit") return { exitCode: await this.finishShell(state, io, error.status), terminated: true };
+      if (error instanceof Flow && (error.kind === "exit" || error.kind === "return" || error.kind === "break" || error.kind === "continue")) return { exitCode: await this.finishShell(state, io, error.status), terminated: true };
       throw error;
     }
   }
@@ -20312,7 +20110,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       if (cSingle !== void 0 && !customRegisteredRegistries.has(this.commands) && !hasShellFunction(rawState, cSingle.w0Plain) && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(cSingle.w0Plain) && command.words.length <= this.budget.maxExpansionFieldsSmi && (this.budget.commands + 1 <= this.budget.maxCommandsSmi || this.budget.commands + 1 <= this.budget.limits.maxCommands)) {
         w0Plain = cSingle.w0Plain;
         const extD = this.commands.get(w0Plain);
-        if (!extD || !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(extD.execute) || customRegisteredCommands.has(extD.execute)) return void 0;
+        if (!extD || !builtInDirectContextExecutors2.has(extD.execute) || customRegisteredCommands.has(extD.execute)) return void 0;
         externalDef = extD;
         args = cSingle.args;
         lastArg = cSingle.lastArg;
@@ -20330,7 +20128,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         }
         w0Plain = w0P;
         const extD = this.commands.get(w0Plain);
-        if (!extD || !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(extD.execute) || customRegisteredCommands.has(extD.execute) || customRegisteredRegistries.has(this.commands) || command.words.length > this.budget.maxExpansionFieldsSmi || this.budget.commands + 1 > this.budget.maxCommandsSmi && this.budget.commands + 1 > this.budget.limits.maxCommands) {
+        if (!extD || !builtInDirectContextExecutors2.has(extD.execute) || customRegisteredCommands.has(extD.execute) || customRegisteredRegistries.has(this.commands) || command.words.length > this.budget.maxExpansionFieldsSmi || this.budget.commands + 1 > this.budget.maxCommandsSmi && this.budget.commands + 1 > this.budget.limits.maxCommands) {
           return void 0;
         }
         externalDef = extD;
@@ -20354,7 +20152,9 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           try {
             for (let i = 1; i < command.words.length; i++) {
               const w = command.words[i];
-              if (w.plain === void 0 && !(w.parts.length === 1 && w.parts[0].kind === "text" && w.parts[0].quoted === true && !w.parts[0].byteValue)) allPlain = false;
+              if (w.plain !== void 0 ? w.plain.includes("{") || w.plain.startsWith("~") || hasGlobOrEscape(w.plain, true) : !(w.parts.length === 1 && w.parts[0].kind === "text" && w.parts[0].quoted === true && !w.parts[0].byteValue)) {
+                allPlain = false;
+              }
               const v = this.fastValueWord(w, rawState, io, true, false, false, true, void 0, diagnosticLine);
               if (typeof v !== "string") return void 0;
               args[i - 1] = v;
@@ -20364,6 +20164,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             return void 0;
           }
           if (allPlain) {
+            Object.freeze(args);
             command._cachedConstArgs = args;
             if (command.redirects.length === 0 || command.redirects[0].target.plain !== void 0 && (command.redirects[0].operator === ">" || command.redirects[0].operator === ">>")) {
               command._cachedFastSingle = {
@@ -20426,7 +20227,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           context._scopedSignal = void 0;
         }
       } else {
-        context = new FastShellCommandContext(this, rawState, io, scope, w0Plain, args, void 0, void 0, this._isMemoryBackingFs);
+        context = new FastShellCommandContext(this, rawState, io, scope, w0Plain, args, void 0, void 0, this._isMemoryBackingFs, externalDef);
         if (redirectSink) context.stdout = redirectSink;
       }
       if (redirectSink && io.descriptors) {
@@ -20443,7 +20244,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         const cmd = pipeline.commands[i];
         if (cmd.kind !== "simple" || !this.isPureExternalStageCommand(cmd, rawState) || cmd.words.length > this.budget.maxExpansionFieldsSmi) return void 0;
       }
-      return this.executeFastPurePipelineUnit(pipeline, state, rawState, monitor, io, ignored || pipeline.negate);
+      return this.tryExecuteSyncPurePipelineUnit(pipeline, state, rawState, monitor, io, ignored || pipeline.negate);
     }
     return void 0;
   }
@@ -20489,15 +20290,26 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         return finalStatus === 0 ? SYNC_UNIT_ZERO : SYNC_UNIT_ONE;
       }
     } catch (error) {
-      return this.finishFastSingleExternalUnitAsync(void 0, error, true, redirectSink, diagnosticLine, negate, ignored, monitor, rawState, existing, elem0, store, state, io, scope, restEpoch);
+      return this.finishFastSingleExternalUnitAsync(context, void 0, error, true, redirectSink, diagnosticLine, negate, ignored, monitor, rawState, existing, elem0, store, state, io, scope, restEpoch);
     }
-    return this.finishFastSingleExternalUnitAsync(raw, void 0, false, redirectSink, diagnosticLine, negate, ignored, monitor, rawState, existing, elem0, store, state, io, scope, restEpoch);
+    return this.finishFastSingleExternalUnitAsync(context, raw, void 0, false, redirectSink, diagnosticLine, negate, ignored, monitor, rawState, existing, elem0, store, state, io, scope, restEpoch);
   }
-  async finishFastSingleExternalUnitAsync(raw, initialError, hasInitialError, redirectSink, diagnosticLine, negate, ignored, monitor, rawState, existing, elem0, store, state, io, scope, restEpoch) {
+  async finishFastSingleExternalUnitAsync(context, raw, initialError, hasInitialError, redirectSink, diagnosticLine, negate, ignored, monitor, rawState, existing, elem0, store, state, io, scope, restEpoch) {
     let rawStatus = 0;
+    let commandSettled = hasInitialError;
+    const pending = hasInitialError ? void 0 : Promise.resolve(raw).then(
+      (result) => {
+        commandSettled = true;
+        return result;
+      },
+      (error) => {
+        commandSettled = true;
+        throw error;
+      }
+    );
     try {
       if (hasInitialError) throw initialError;
-      const res = this.budget._hasExternalSignal ? await interruptible2(Promise.resolve(raw), this.signal) : await raw;
+      const res = this.budget._hasExternalSignal ? await interruptible2(pending, this.signal) : await pending;
       this.signal.throwIfAborted();
       if (redirectSink?.failedError !== void 0) throw redirectSink.failedError;
       rawStatus = validateExitCode(res.exitCode);
@@ -20520,6 +20332,10 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       this.budget.endPathLookupSuspension();
       scope.leaveWork();
       redirectSink?.handle.close();
+      if (commandSettled) context.releaseDirectStage();
+      else {
+        void pending.then(() => context.releaseDirectStage(), () => context.releaseDirectStage());
+      }
     }
     if (!existing) {
       monitor.lazyPipeStatus = rawStatus === 0 ? singleStatusZero : rawStatus === 1 ? singleStatusOne : [rawStatus];
@@ -20538,9 +20354,6 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     }
     return finalStatus === 0 ? SYNC_UNIT_ZERO : finalStatus === 1 ? SYNC_UNIT_ONE : { exitCode: finalStatus, terminated: false };
   }
-  executeFastPurePipelineUnit(pipeline, state, rawState, monitor, io, ignored) {
-    return this.tryExecuteSyncPurePipelineUnit(pipeline, state, rawState, monitor, io, ignored);
-  }
   tryExecuteSyncPurePipelineUnit(pipeline, state, rawState, monitor, io, ignored) {
     const backing = this.backingFs;
     if (syncPurePipelineSlotInUse || !this._isMemoryBackingFs || !backing || backing.capabilitiesFor !== void 0 || this.middleware.length > 0 || customRegisteredRegistries.has(this.commands) || !io.stdinIsDefault || this.signal.aborted || hasYieldCheckpoint(this.signal) || !this.budget.canSyncPurePipe || !(io.stdout instanceof Capture && io.stdout._scratch4k !== void 0 && io.stdout.length === 0 && io.stdout.write === Capture.prototype.write) || !(io.stderr instanceof Capture && io.stderr.length === 0 && io.stderr.write === Capture.prototype.write)) {
@@ -20551,7 +20364,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       const cmd = pipeline.commands[i];
       const name2 = cmd.words[0].plain;
       const extDef = this.commands.get(name2);
-      if (!extDef || !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(extDef.execute) || customRegisteredCommands.has(extDef.execute)) {
+      if (!extDef || !builtInDirectContextExecutors2.has(extDef.execute) || customRegisteredCommands.has(extDef.execute)) {
         return void 0;
       }
       let stageArgs = cmd._cachedPlainArgs;
@@ -20631,7 +20444,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           stageStdout = sharedSyncPipeWriter;
         }
         if (!context) {
-          context = new FastShellCommandContext(this, rawState, io, scope, firstName, stageArgs, void 0, void 0, true);
+          context = new FastShellCommandContext(this, rawState, io, scope, firstName, stageArgs, void 0, void 0, true, extDef);
           pooledSyncPipeContext = context;
         }
         context.resetDirectStage(this, rawState, io, scope, firstName, stageArgs, inputSource, isFirst, stageStdout, this.signal);
@@ -20655,7 +20468,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               statuses ??= new Array(n).fill(0);
               statuses[index] = status;
             }
-          }).finally(() => scope.leaveWork()).then(() => runStages(index + 1, nextBuf, sharedSyncPipeWriter.used));
+          }).finally(() => scope.leaveWork()).then(() => runStages(index + 1, sharedSyncPipeWriter.target, sharedSyncPipeWriter.used));
         }
         scope.leaveWork();
         this.signal.throwIfAborted();
@@ -20663,7 +20476,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           statuses ??= new Array(n).fill(0);
           statuses[index] = 1;
         }
-        prevBuf = nextBuf;
+        prevBuf = sharedSyncPipeWriter.target;
         prevLen = sharedSyncPipeWriter.used;
       }
     };
@@ -20673,6 +20486,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       sharedSyncPipeWriter.signal = void 0;
       sharedSyncPipeWriter.target = EMPTY_BYTES;
       sharedSyncPipeReader.reset(EMPTY_BYTES, 0);
+      sharedSyncPipeReader.clearViews();
       syncPurePipelineSlotInUse = false;
       this.budget.leavePipelineStages(n);
     };
@@ -20702,234 +20516,6 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     release();
     return finish();
   }
-  executeFastPurePipelineUnitSlow(pipeline, state, rawState, monitor, io, ignored) {
-    const n = pipeline.commands.length;
-    this.budget.enterPipelineStages(n);
-    this.budget.commands += n;
-    const pipeOptions = { highWaterMark: this.budget.limits.pipeHighWaterMark, signal: this.signal, admitWrite: this.budget.pipelineInput };
-    const pipes = new Array(n - 1);
-    for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
-      pipes[i] = createBytePipe(pipeOptions);
-    }
-    const controllers = new Array(n);
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-      controllers[i] = createManagedControlController2();
-    }
-    const onParentAbort = (reason) => {
-      for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) abortManagedController2(controllers[i], reason);
-    };
-    addAbortSignalWaiter2(this.signal, onParentAbort);
-    const scope = io[invocationScope];
-    const onScopeSeal = () => {
-      const closedReason = new Error("Invocation is closed");
-      for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) abortManagedController2(controllers[i], closedReason);
-      for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) void pipes[i].abort(closedReason);
-    };
-    scope.addSealCallback(onScopeSeal);
-    const statuses = new Array(n);
-    let asyncTasks;
-    try {
-      for (let index = 0; index < n; index++) {
-        const cmd = pipeline.commands[index];
-        const firstName = cmd.words[0].plain;
-        const extDef = this.commands.get(firstName);
-        let stageArgs = cmd._cachedPlainArgs;
-        if (!stageArgs) {
-          stageArgs = new Array(cmd.words.length - 1);
-          for (let w = 1; w < cmd.words.length; w++) {
-            const word = cmd.words[w];
-            stageArgs[w - 1] = word.plain ?? word.parts.map((p) => p.value).join("");
-          }
-          cmd._cachedPlainArgs = stageArgs;
-        }
-        const incoming = index > 0 ? pipes[index - 1] : void 0;
-        const outgoing = index < n - 1 ? pipes[index] : void 0;
-        const reading = incoming?.endpoints?.read;
-        const writing = outgoing?.endpoints?.write;
-        const stageSignal = controllers[index].signal;
-        let input;
-        if (incoming) {
-          reading.abortSignal = stageSignal;
-          input = reading;
-        } else if (io.stdinIsDefault) input = io.stdin;
-        else input = new ShellInput(io.stdin, this.budget, stageSignal, void 0, true);
-        const writable = writing?.writable ?? outgoing?.writable;
-        const stageStdout = outgoing ? new BudgetedPipeStageSink(this.budget, writable, stageSignal, void 0, index, controllers[index]) : signalSink(io.stdout, stageSignal);
-        const context = new FastShellCommandContext(this, rawState, io, scope, firstName, stageArgs, void 0, void 0, true);
-        context.stdin = input;
-        if (incoming) context.stdinIsDefault = false;
-        context.stdout = stageStdout;
-        context.signal = this._isMemoryBackingFs ? stageSignal : toNativeAbortSignal(stageSignal);
-        context._scopedSignal = stageSignal;
-        if (asyncTasks === void 0) {
-          scope.enterWork();
-          this.budget.beginPathLookupSuspension();
-          let syncExitCode = -1;
-          let pendingRes;
-          let syncErr;
-          let hasSyncErr = false;
-          try {
-            const resPromise = extDef.execute(context);
-            if (resPromise === RESOLVED_EXIT_ZERO) {
-              stageSignal.throwIfAborted();
-              syncExitCode = 0;
-            } else if (resPromise === RESOLVED_EXIT_ONE) {
-              stageSignal.throwIfAborted();
-              syncExitCode = 1;
-            } else pendingRes = Promise.resolve(resPromise);
-          } catch (error) {
-            hasSyncErr = true;
-            syncErr = error;
-          }
-          if (syncExitCode >= 0) {
-            this.budget.endPathLookupSuspension();
-            scope.leaveWork();
-            let asyncCleanup;
-            if (!incoming && input !== io.stdin) {
-              const closedInput = input.close();
-              if (!isSyncResolved5(closedInput)) asyncCleanup = closedInput;
-            }
-            if (!asyncCleanup && reading) {
-              const closedRead = reading.close();
-              if (!isSyncResolved5(closedRead)) asyncCleanup = closedRead;
-            }
-            if (!asyncCleanup && writing) {
-              const closedWrite = writing.close();
-              if (!isSyncResolved5(closedWrite)) asyncCleanup = closedWrite;
-            }
-            if (!asyncCleanup && outgoing && !writing) {
-              const closedOut = outgoing.close();
-              if (!isSyncResolved5(closedOut)) asyncCleanup = closedOut;
-            }
-            if (!asyncCleanup) {
-              statuses[index] = syncExitCode;
-              continue;
-            }
-            asyncTasks = new Array(n);
-            for (let prev = 0; prev < index; prev++) asyncTasks[prev] = Promise.resolve(statuses[prev]);
-            asyncTasks[index] = asyncCleanup.then(() => syncExitCode);
-            continue;
-          }
-          asyncTasks = new Array(n);
-          for (let prev = 0; prev < index; prev++) asyncTasks[prev] = Promise.resolve(statuses[prev]);
-          asyncTasks[index] = this.finishFastPurePipelineStageAsync(cmd, context, incoming, outgoing, reading, writing, input, stageSignal, scope, io, pendingRes, hasSyncErr, syncErr);
-          continue;
-        }
-        scope.enterWork();
-        this.budget.beginPathLookupSuspension();
-        asyncTasks[index] = this.finishFastPurePipelineStageAsync(cmd, context, incoming, outgoing, reading, writing, input, stageSignal, scope, io, void 0, false, void 0, extDef);
-      }
-      if (asyncTasks !== void 0) {
-        return this.finishFastPurePipelineUnitAsync(asyncTasks, n, pipes, controllers, onParentAbort, onScopeSeal, scope, monitor, rawState, pipeline, state, io, ignored);
-      }
-    } catch (syncFatal) {
-      scope.removeSealCallback(onScopeSeal);
-      removeAbortSignalWaiter2(this.signal, onParentAbort);
-      for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) abortManagedController2(controllers[i], SHARED_PIPELINE_CLOSED);
-      for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) void pipes[i].abort();
-      this.budget.leavePipelineStages(n);
-      throw syncFatal;
-    }
-    scope.removeSealCallback(onScopeSeal);
-    removeAbortSignalWaiter2(this.signal, onParentAbort);
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-      abortManagedController2(controllers[i], SHARED_PIPELINE_CLOSED);
-    }
-    for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
-      void pipes[i].abort();
-    }
-    this.budget.leavePipelineStages(n);
-    const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
-    monitor.lazyPipeStatus = statuses;
-    monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
-    const rawStatus = rawState.pipefail ? statuses.findLast((s) => s !== 0) ?? 0 : statuses[n - 1];
-    const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? Number(rawStatus === 0) : rawStatus;
-    rawState.status = finalStatus;
-    monitor.epoch = restEpoch;
-    if (rawStatus !== 0 && !pipeline.negate && !ignored && rawState.errexit) {
-      if (this.tryFinishShellSync(state)) return { exitCode: finalStatus, terminated: true };
-      return this.finishShell(state, io, finalStatus).then((exitCode) => ({ exitCode, terminated: true }));
-    }
-    return finalStatus === 0 ? SYNC_UNIT_ZERO : finalStatus === 1 ? SYNC_UNIT_ONE : { exitCode: finalStatus, terminated: false };
-  }
-  async finishFastPurePipelineStageAsync(cmd, context, incoming, outgoing, reading, writing, input, stageSignal, scope, io, pendingRes, hasSyncErr, syncErr, extDef) {
-    let exitCode = 0;
-    try {
-      if (hasSyncErr) throw syncErr;
-      const res = await (pendingRes ?? extDef.execute(context));
-      stageSignal.throwIfAborted();
-      exitCode = validateExitCode(res.exitCode);
-    } catch (error) {
-      if (error instanceof PipelineClosed || stageSignal.aborted && Object.is(stageSignal.reason, SHARED_PIPELINE_CLOSED)) exitCode = 141;
-      else if (errorCode(error) === "EPIPE" && !this.signal.aborted) exitCode = 141;
-      else {
-        this.signal.throwIfAborted();
-        if (error instanceof Flow || error instanceof ShellLimitError || error instanceof ShellSyntaxError) throw error;
-        const line = io.diagnosticCommandLines?.get(cmd) ?? (cmd.line ?? 1) + (io.diagnosticOffset ?? 0);
-        try {
-          await writeDiagnostic(context.stderr, `${io.scriptName ?? "shell"}: line ${line}: ${message(error, this.budget.onInternalError)}
-`);
-        } catch (failure) {
-          this.signal.throwIfAborted();
-          publicDiagnosticMessage(failure, this.budget.onInternalError);
-        }
-        exitCode = error instanceof CommandFailure ? error.status : 1;
-      }
-    } finally {
-      this.budget.endPathLookupSuspension();
-      scope.leaveWork();
-      if (!incoming && input !== io.stdin) {
-        const closedInput = input.close();
-        if (!isSyncResolved5(closedInput)) {
-          await closedInput.catch((error) => {
-            if (!(error instanceof PipelineClosed)) throw error;
-          });
-        }
-      }
-      if (reading) {
-        const closedRead = reading.close();
-        if (!isSyncResolved5(closedRead)) await closedRead;
-      }
-      if (writing) {
-        const closedWrite = writing.close();
-        if (!isSyncResolved5(closedWrite)) await closedWrite;
-      }
-      if (outgoing && !writing) {
-        const closedOut = outgoing.close();
-        if (!isSyncResolved5(closedOut)) await closedOut.catch(() => void 0);
-      }
-    }
-    return exitCode;
-  }
-  async finishFastPurePipelineUnitAsync(tasks, n, pipes, controllers, onParentAbort, onScopeSeal, scope, monitor, rawState, pipeline, state, io, ignored) {
-    let statuses;
-    try {
-      statuses = this.budget._hasExternalSignal ? await interruptible2(Promise.all(tasks), this.signal) : await Promise.all(tasks);
-    } finally {
-      scope.removeSealCallback(onScopeSeal);
-      removeAbortSignalWaiter2(this.signal, onParentAbort);
-      for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        abortManagedController2(controllers[i], SHARED_PIPELINE_CLOSED);
-      }
-      for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
-        const ab = pipes[i].abort();
-        if (!isSyncResolved5(ab)) await ab;
-      }
-      this.budget.leavePipelineStages(n);
-    }
-    const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
-    monitor.lazyPipeStatus = statuses;
-    monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
-    const rawStatus = rawState.pipefail ? statuses.findLast((s) => s !== 0) ?? 0 : statuses[n - 1];
-    const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? Number(rawStatus === 0) : rawStatus;
-    rawState.status = finalStatus;
-    monitor.epoch = restEpoch;
-    if (rawStatus !== 0 && !pipeline.negate && !ignored && rawState.errexit) {
-      if (this.tryFinishShellSync(state)) return { exitCode: finalStatus, terminated: true };
-      return { exitCode: await this.finishShell(state, io, finalStatus), terminated: true };
-    }
-    return finalStatus === 0 ? SYNC_UNIT_ZERO : finalStatus === 1 ? SYNC_UNIT_ONE : { exitCode: finalStatus, terminated: false };
-  }
   async inputUnit(script, state, io, startListIndex = 0, startPipelineIndex = 0, skipFirstSync = false) {
     try {
       return await this.script(script, state, io, startListIndex, startPipelineIndex, skipFirstSync);
@@ -20942,6 +20528,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     }
   }
   trySyncPipeline(pipeline, state, io, ignored) {
+    io = this.persistentIO(state, io);
     const _rawSt = stateMonitor(state)?.raw ?? state;
     if ((_rawSt._syncPendingFunctionResumes?.length ?? 0) > 0 || _rawSt._syncPendingEvalResume !== void 0) return void 0;
     if (this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes < 65536 || this.budget.limits.maxCommands < 1e3 || this.script !== _Runtime.prototype.script) return void 0;
@@ -21137,7 +20724,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               const uArg = wu.plain ?? (wu.parts.length === 1 && wu.parts[0].kind === "text" ? wu.parts[0].value : void 0);
               if (uArg !== void 0) {
                 const br = uArg.indexOf("[");
-                if (br > 0 && uArg.endsWith("]") && (wu.parts[0]?.quoted || rawState.noglob || !rawState.nullglob && this._isMemoryBackingFs && tryGetMemoryDirectoryEntryNamesSync(this.backingFs, rawState.cwd)?.size === 0)) {
+                if (br > 0 && uArg.endsWith("]") && (wu.parts[0]?.quoted || rawState.noglob || !rawState.nullglob && !rawState.failglob && this._isMemoryBackingFs && tryGetMemoryDirectoryEntryNamesSync(this.backingFs, rawState.cwd)?.size === 0)) {
                   const arrName = uArg.slice(0, br);
                   const subStr = uArg.slice(br + 1, -1);
                   const b = isShellIdentifier(arrName) ? st?.get(arrName) : void 0;
@@ -21259,7 +20846,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       }
       if ((w0Plain === "dirname" || w0Plain === "basename") && !hasShellFunction(rawState, w0Plain) && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(w0Plain)) {
         const def = this.commands.get(w0Plain);
-        if (def && builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(def.execute) && !customRegisteredCommands.has(def.execute)) {
+        if (def && builtInDirectContextExecutors2.has(def.execute) && !customRegisteredCommands.has(def.execute)) {
           if (w0Plain === "dirname" && command.words.length === 2 && isNoBraceSyncWord(command.words[1])) return true;
           if (w0Plain === "basename" && (command.words.length === 2 || command.words.length === 3 || command.words.length === 4 && command.words[1]?.plain === "-s") && command.words.slice(1).every(isNoBraceSyncWord)) return true;
         }
@@ -21282,7 +20869,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             let targetOk = false;
             if (w2Plain !== void 0) {
               const br = w2Plain.indexOf("[");
-              if (br > 0 && w2Plain.endsWith("]") && (w2?.parts[0]?.quoted || rawState.noglob || !rawState.nullglob && this._isMemoryBackingFs && tryGetMemoryDirectoryEntryNamesSync(this.backingFs, rawState.cwd)?.size === 0)) {
+              if (br > 0 && w2Plain.endsWith("]") && (w2?.parts[0]?.quoted || rawState.noglob || !rawState.nullglob && !rawState.failglob && this._isMemoryBackingFs && tryGetMemoryDirectoryEntryNamesSync(this.backingFs, rawState.cwd)?.size === 0)) {
                 const arrName = w2Plain.slice(0, br);
                 const subStr = w2Plain.slice(br + 1, -1);
                 const b = isShellIdentifier(arrName) ? st?.get(arrName) : void 0;
@@ -21758,7 +21345,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     const follow = op !== "-L" && op !== "-h";
     const syscall = isAccess ? "access" : follow ? "stat" : "lstat";
     const prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(mem);
-    if (prototype !== MemoryFileSystem2.prototype) return void 0;
+    if (prototype !== MemoryFileSystem.prototype) return void 0;
     for (const method of ["stat", "lstat", "access", "snapshot"]) {
       const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(mem, method) ?? Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(prototype, method);
       if (!descriptor || !("value" in descriptor) || descriptor.value !== memoryFilePredicateImplementation[method]?.value) return void 0;
@@ -22796,7 +22383,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       if (this.budget.limits.maxExpansionFields === Infinity && command.words.length >= 4 && w0Plain === "printf" && command.words[1]?.plain === "-v" && command.redirects.length === 0 && canMutatePipeStatus && (!pipeline.negate || ignored || !rawState.errexit) && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "printf") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("printf")) {
         const def = this.commands.get("printf");
         if (def && def.execute === printfCommand.execute && command.words.length <= this.budget.maxExpansionFieldsSmi && (this.arePureArgWords(command.words, rawState) || command.words.every((w, idx) => idx < 4 ? this.isPureArgWord(w, rawState) : this.isPureArgWord(w, rawState) || this.canSyncArrayMembersWord(w, rawState)))) {
-          let targetSpec = command.words[2]?.plain !== void 0 && (rawState.noglob || !hasGlobOrEscape(command.words[2].plain, !!rawState.extglob) || !rawState.nullglob && this._isMemoryBackingFs && tryGetMemoryDirectoryEntryNamesSync(this.backingFs, rawState.cwd)?.size === 0) ? command.words[2].plain : void 0;
+          let targetSpec = command.words[2]?.plain !== void 0 && (rawState.noglob || !hasGlobOrEscape(command.words[2].plain, !!rawState.extglob) || !rawState.nullglob && !rawState.failglob && this._isMemoryBackingFs && tryGetMemoryDirectoryEntryNamesSync(this.backingFs, rawState.cwd)?.size === 0) ? command.words[2].plain : void 0;
           if (targetSpec === void 0) {
             try {
               targetSpec = this.fastValueWord(command.words[2], rawState, io, true, false, false, true, void 0, diagnosticLine);
@@ -23254,7 +22841,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         const fastSyncSink = io.stdout instanceof BudgetedSyncSink && io.stdout.write === BudgetedSyncSink.prototype.write || io.stdout instanceof Capture && io.stdout.write === Capture.prototype.write ? io.stdout : void 0;
         const fastPipeSink = !fastSyncSink && io.stdout instanceof BudgetedPipeStageSink && io.stdout.write === BudgetedPipeStageSink.prototype.write && io.stdout.canWriteSync() ? io.stdout : void 0;
         const syncOut = fastSyncSink || fastPipeSink ? void 0 : syncSinks.get(io.stdout);
-        if (def && builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(def.execute) && !customRegisteredCommands.has(def.execute) && (fastSyncSink || fastPipeSink || syncOut)) {
+        if (def && builtInDirectContextExecutors2.has(def.execute) && !customRegisteredCommands.has(def.execute) && (fastSyncSink || fastPipeSink || syncOut)) {
           let outText;
           let lastArg = w0Plain;
           try {
@@ -23793,7 +23380,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           const ops = [];
           for (let ui = uStart; ui < command.words.length; ui++) {
             const wu = command.words[ui];
-            const canSkipGlobUnset = Boolean(wu.parts[0]?.quoted || rawState.noglob || !rawState.nullglob && this._isMemoryBackingFs && tryGetMemoryDirectoryEntryNamesSync(this.backingFs, rawState.cwd)?.size === 0);
+            const canSkipGlobUnset = Boolean(wu.parts[0]?.quoted || rawState.noglob || !rawState.nullglob && !rawState.failglob && this._isMemoryBackingFs && tryGetMemoryDirectoryEntryNamesSync(this.backingFs, rawState.cwd)?.size === 0);
             let tExpanded;
             try {
               const fv = this.fastValueWord(wu, rawState, io, !canSkipGlobUnset, false, false, true, void 0, diagnosticLine);
@@ -24461,7 +24048,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           }
         }
       }
-      if (w0Plain === "eval" && canMutatePipeStatus && !pipeline.negate && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "eval") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("eval") && isDefaultShellSyntax(rawState.extensions?.syntax) && !rawState.nounset && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.size && rawState.depth < this.budget.limits.maxSubstitutionDepth && !hasYieldCheckpoint(this.signal) && (this._syncReturnDepth > 0 || (this.budget.commands + 32 & 2047) >= 32)) {
+      if (w0Plain === "eval" && !rawState.expand_aliases && canMutatePipeStatus && !pipeline.negate && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "eval") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("eval") && isDefaultShellSyntax(rawState.extensions?.syntax) && !rawState.nounset && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.size && rawState.depth < this.budget.limits.maxSubstitutionDepth && !hasYieldCheckpoint(this.signal) && (this._syncReturnDepth > 0 || (this.budget.commands + 32 & 2047) >= 32)) {
         const evalArgs = [];
         let argsOk = true;
         try {
@@ -25029,7 +24616,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     const initializer = command.expressions[0]?.tree;
     if (initializer?.kind !== "binary" || initializer.operator !== "=" || initializer.left.kind !== "name") return void 0;
     const induction = initializer.left.name;
-    const dynamicNames = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set(["PIPESTATUS", "LINENO", "_", "FUNCNAME", "DIRSTACK", "BASH_SUBSHELL"]);
+    const dynamicNames = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set(["PIPESTATUS", "LINENO", "_", "FUNCNAME", "DIRSTACK", "BASH_SUBSHELL", "BASHPID"]);
     const assignments2 = [];
     const appends = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
     for (const list of command.body.lists) {
@@ -25168,10 +24755,11 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       const part = word.parts[i];
       if (part.kind === "text") {
         if (part.byteValue || invokedValues.has(part)) return false;
+        if (!part.quoted && (part.value.includes("~") || part.value.includes("{") || hasGlobOrEscape(part.value, true))) return false;
         continue;
       }
       if (part.kind === "variable") {
-        if (part.name === "RANDOM" || part.name === "SECONDS" || stateMonitor(rawState)?.store?.get(part.name)) return false;
+        if (part.name === "RANDOM" || part.name === "SECONDS" || part.name === "BASHPID" || stateMonitor(rawState)?.store?.get(part.name)) return false;
         if (this._syncLoopFnCheckDepth > 0 && (part.substring || getArraySelector(part)?.kind === "element")) return false;
         if (part.prefixNames !== void 0) {
           if (part.prefixNames === "@") return false;
@@ -26818,8 +26406,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                 rawState.status = 0;
               }
               runYieldCheckpoint(this.signal);
-              for (let r = 0; r < regNames.length; r++) {
-                rawState.variables[regNames[r]] = intToStr(sharedLoopIntRegs[r]);
+              for (const name2 of touchedIntNamesList) {
+                rawState.variables[name2] = intToStr(sharedLoopIntRegs[regNames.indexOf(name2)]);
               }
               regNames.length = 0;
               if (hasDeferredSteps && lastInductionInt !== void 0) lastInductionVal = intToStr(lastInductionInt);
@@ -28096,8 +27684,8 @@ ${s1}
     encoded = encoded.slice();
     if (step.targetDirPrefix !== void 0 && step.targetNamePrefix !== void 0) {
       const fileName = this.evalSyncRedirectSuffix(step.targetWord, step.targetDirPrefix, step.targetNamePrefix, rawState, io);
-      if (tryWriteMemoryFileInDirSync(this.backingFs, step.targetDirPrefix, fileName, encoded, append, mode, this.commandSignal)) return;
-      tryWriteMemoryFileSync(this.backingFs, step.targetDirPrefix + fileName, encoded, append, mode, this.commandSignal);
+      if (!fileName.includes("/") && fileName !== "." && fileName !== ".." && tryWriteMemoryFileInDirSync(this.backingFs, step.targetDirPrefix, fileName, encoded, append, mode, this.commandSignal)) return;
+      tryWriteMemoryFileSync(this.backingFs, normalizePath(step.targetDirPrefix + fileName, rawState.cwd), encoded, append, mode, this.commandSignal);
       return;
     }
     const targetVal = this.evalSyncRedirectWord(step.targetWord, rawState, io);
@@ -28626,6 +28214,7 @@ ${s1}
       }
       const firstIndex = listIndex === startListIndex ? startPipelineIndex : 0;
       for (let index = firstIndex; index < list.pipelines.length; index++) {
+        io = this.persistentIO(state, io);
         if (state.noexec) throw new Flow("discard", 0);
         const operator = index > 0 ? list.operators[index - 1] : void 0;
         const resumingEnteredPipeline = skipFirstSync && listIndex === startListIndex && index === startPipelineIndex;
@@ -28817,6 +28406,7 @@ ${s1}
           void installation.catch(() => void 0);
         }
         const tasks = pipeline.commands.map(async (command, index) => {
+          const inCurrentShell = !!state.lastpipe && index === pipeline.commands.length - 1;
           let admitted = false;
           const admit = () => {
             if (admitted) return;
@@ -28849,7 +28439,7 @@ ${s1}
             let stageOwnsCleanup = false;
             try {
               const rawStateForChild = stateMonitor(state)?.raw ?? state;
-              const isPureStage = !terminal && !(io.descriptors && (io.descriptors.size > 3 || io.descriptors.get(0)?.closed || io.descriptors.get(1)?.closed || io.descriptors.get(2)?.closed)) && runtime.isPureExternalStageCommand(command, rawStateForChild);
+              const isPureStage = !inCurrentShell && !terminal && !(io.descriptors && (io.descriptors.size > 3 || io.descriptors.get(0)?.closed || io.descriptors.get(1)?.closed || io.descriptors.get(2)?.closed)) && runtime.isPureExternalStageCommand(command, rawStateForChild);
               const references = isPureStage ? void 0 : cleanupRefs = new PipeDescriptorFrame(io[invocationScope]);
               const descriptorFrame = isPureStage ? void 0 : cleanupDescFrame = new PreparedDescriptorFrame(references, this.budget);
               const reading = incoming?.endpoints?.read;
@@ -28871,14 +28461,14 @@ ${s1}
                   try {
                     const isFastPure = isPureStage || runtime.isPureExternalStageCommand(command, rawStateForChild);
                     const forkedExt = isFastPure ? forkExtensions(state.extensions, "pipeline") : void 0;
-                    const child = isFastPure ? Object.assign(cloneRawState(rawStateForChild, false), {
+                    const child = inCurrentShell ? state : isFastPure ? Object.assign(cloneRawState(rawStateForChild, false), {
                       extensions: forkedExt,
                       isolated: true,
                       _readOnlyStage: true
                     }) : tryCloneStateSync(state) ?? await cloneState(state, this.signal);
-                    preparedChild = child;
-                    child.variables.BASH_SUBSHELL = String(Number(state.variables.BASH_SUBSHELL ?? 0) + 1);
-                    if (!child._readOnlyStage) {
+                    preparedChild = inCurrentShell ? void 0 : child;
+                    if (!inCurrentShell) child.variables.BASH_SUBSHELL = String(Number(state.variables.BASH_SUBSHELL ?? 0) + 1);
+                    if (!inCurrentShell && !child._readOnlyStage) {
                       child.extensions = void 0;
                       child.extensions = forkExtensions(state.extensions, "pipeline");
                       child.isolated = true;
@@ -28920,7 +28510,7 @@ ${s1}
                       await installation;
                       signal.throwIfAborted();
                     }
-                    const work = runtime.runPipelineStageWork(command, child, childIO, io, (reason) => {
+                    const work = inCurrentShell ? runtime.command(command, child, { ...childIO, terminal: void 0 }) : runtime.runPipelineStageWork(command, child, childIO, io, (reason) => {
                       checkpointFailure = reason;
                     });
                     preparedChild = void 0;
@@ -29210,6 +28800,7 @@ ${s1}
     return status;
   }
   async executeCommand(command, state, originalIO, fileShortcut = false) {
+    originalIO = this.persistentIO(state, originalIO);
     const terminal = originalIO.terminal?.target === command ? originalIO.terminal : void 0;
     if (!state._readOnlyStage) state = trackState(state, this.budget, originalIO[invocationScope]);
     if (originalIO.asyncDefaultInput) {
@@ -29533,6 +29124,18 @@ ${s1}
     let diagnosticFailure;
     let outputTracker;
     const snapshotHolder = {};
+    const execState = stateMonitor(state)?.raw ?? state;
+    const savedExecDescriptors = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+    if (command.redirects.length) {
+      const frame = execDescriptorFrames.get(execState);
+      for (const redirect of command.redirects) {
+        for (const number2 of redirect.operator === "&>" || redirect.operator === "&>>" ? [1, 2] : [redirect.descriptor]) {
+          if (savedExecDescriptors.has(number2)) continue;
+          const descriptor = originalIO.descriptors?.get(number2) ?? (number2 === 0 ? { input: originalIO.stdin } : number2 === 1 ? { output: originalIO.stdout } : number2 === 2 ? { output: originalIO.stderr } : { closed: true });
+          savedExecDescriptors.set(number2, { descriptor, revision: frame?.revisions.get(number2), release: descriptor.lifetime?.acquire() });
+        }
+      }
+    }
     try {
       let status = 0;
       if (command.kind === "simple") {
@@ -29560,11 +29163,28 @@ ${s1}
       return errResult.status;
     } finally {
       try {
-        if (!references && outputs.size === 0 && inputs.size === 0 && processSubstitutions.length === 0) allocation.close();
-        else await this.cleanupCommandResources(references, outputs, inputs, processSubstitutions, allocation, diagnosticFailure, io);
+        const frame = execDescriptorFrames.get(execState);
+        const retirements = [];
+        for (const [number2, saved] of savedExecDescriptors) {
+          if (frame && !snapshotHolder.persistentRedirects && frame.revisions.get(number2) !== saved.revision) {
+            const release = frame.releases.get(number2);
+            if (saved.release) frame.releases.set(number2, saved.release);
+            else frame.releases.delete(number2);
+            frame.descriptors.set(number2, saved.descriptor);
+            frame.revisions.set(number2, ++frame.version);
+            if (release) retirements.push(release());
+          } else if (saved.release) retirements.push(saved.release());
+        }
+        const retired = await Promise.allSettled(retirements);
+        throwCleanupFailures(retired.filter((result) => result.status === "rejected").map((result) => result.reason));
       } finally {
-        snapshotHolder.finish?.();
-        if (snapshotHolder.scope) await snapshotHolder.scope.close();
+        try {
+          if (!references && outputs.size === 0 && inputs.size === 0 && processSubstitutions.length === 0) allocation.close();
+          else await this.cleanupCommandResources(references, outputs, inputs, processSubstitutions, allocation, diagnosticFailure, io);
+        } finally {
+          snapshotHolder.finish?.();
+          if (snapshotHolder.scope) await snapshotHolder.scope.close();
+        }
       }
     }
   }
@@ -29771,7 +29391,7 @@ ${s1}
                 }
               }
               if (!matched) continue;
-              if (clause.body.lists.length) status = await this.script(clause.body, state, io);
+              status = clause.body.lists.length ? await this.script(clause.body, state, io) : 0;
               if (clause.terminator === ";;" || clause.terminator === "esac") break;
               fallthrough = clause.terminator === ";&";
             }
@@ -29792,7 +29412,7 @@ ${s1}
               }
             }
             if (!matched) continue;
-            if (clause.body.lists.length) status = await this.script(clause.body, state, io);
+            status = clause.body.lists.length ? await this.script(clause.body, state, io) : 0;
             if (clause.terminator === ";;" || clause.terminator === "esac") break;
             fallthrough = clause.terminator === ";&";
           }
@@ -30062,6 +29682,7 @@ ${s1}
         publicDiagnosticMessage(failure, this.budget.onInternalError);
       }
     }
+    if (error instanceof FailglobFailure) throw completedExit(1, state.errexit ? "exit" : "discard");
     if (error instanceof ExpansionFailure || error instanceof BraceExpansionFailure) throw completedExit(error instanceof ParameterExpansionFailure && !state.isolated ? 127 : 1);
     if (error instanceof FatalCommandFailure) throw completedExit(error.status);
     if (error instanceof DiscardCommandFailure) throw completedExit(error.status, "discard");
@@ -30165,6 +29786,8 @@ ${s1}
       const descriptor = descriptors.get(0)?.closed ? void 0 : descriptors.get(0);
       const stdinIsDefault = descriptor?.input ? descriptor.stdinIsDefault : false;
       return {
+        ...io.execVersion === void 0 ? {} : { execVersion: io.execVersion },
+        ...io.execFrame === void 0 ? {} : { execFrame: io.execFrame },
         capabilities: io.capabilities,
         ...io.argv0 === void 0 ? {} : { argv0: io.argv0 },
         [invocationScope]: io[invocationScope],
@@ -30292,7 +29915,16 @@ ${s1}
             await replaceDescriptor(redirect.descriptor, { input, stdinIsDefault: false, lifetime, ...file ? { file } : {}, ...output ? { output } : {} });
           } else {
             const append = redirect.operator === ">>" || redirect.operator === "&>>";
-            const flag = append ? "a" : state.noclobber && redirect.operator !== ">|" ? "wx" : "w";
+            let flag = append ? "a" : state.noclobber && redirect.operator !== ">|" ? "wx" : "w";
+            if (flag === "wx") {
+              try {
+                const stat = await resourceFs.stat(path, options);
+                if (stat.type !== "file" && stat.type !== "directory") flag = "w";
+              } catch (error) {
+                this.signal.throwIfAborted();
+                if (!(error instanceof FsError) || error.code !== "ENOENT") throw error;
+              }
+            }
             const capabilities = await this.fs.capabilitiesFor?.(path, { ...options, ...flag === "wx" ? { creation: "exclusive" } : {} }) ?? this.fs.capabilities;
             const streaming = capabilities.preferStreamingRedirection === true && typeof this.fs.writeStream === "function" && (append ? capabilities.streamingAppend ?? capabilities.streamingWrite : capabilities.streamingWrite) === true;
             const canonical = capabilities.open === true && !streaming;
@@ -30714,6 +30346,29 @@ ${s1}
         }
       }
       if (!words.length) return state.substitutionStatus;
+      if (words[declarationIndex] === "exec" && !functionCommand && !state.extensions?.builtins.has("exec")) {
+        snapshotHolder.persistentRedirects = true;
+        const raw = stateMonitor(state)?.raw ?? state;
+        let frame = execDescriptorFrames.get(raw);
+        if (!frame) {
+          frame = { version: 0, descriptors: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(), revisions: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(), releases: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map() };
+          execDescriptorFrames.set(raw, frame);
+          this.budget.executionCleanup.register(() => closeExecDescriptors(raw));
+        }
+        for (const redirect of command.redirects) {
+          const numbers = redirect.operator === "&>" || redirect.operator === "&>>" ? [1, 2] : [redirect.descriptor];
+          for (const number2 of numbers) {
+            const descriptor = io.descriptors?.get(number2) ?? { closed: true };
+            const release = descriptor.lifetime?.acquire();
+            const previousRelease = frame.releases.get(number2);
+            if (release) frame.releases.set(number2, release);
+            else frame.releases.delete(number2);
+            frame.descriptors.set(number2, descriptor);
+            frame.revisions.set(number2, ++frame.version);
+            await previousRelease?.();
+          }
+        }
+      }
       const args = words.slice(1);
       const argValues = allStrings ? args : wordValues.slice(1);
       const dispatchIO = compounds ? { ...io, [declarationArrays]: compounds } : io;
@@ -30833,7 +30488,7 @@ ${s1}
         if (body) env[`BASH_FUNC_${key}%%`] = functionDisplay(key, body).slice(key.length + 1).trimEnd();
       }
     }
-    const context = new FastShellCommandContext(this, state, io, scope, name2, values, void 0, env, this._isMemoryBackingFs);
+    const context = new FastShellCommandContext(this, state, io, scope, name2, values, void 0, env, this._isMemoryBackingFs, definition);
     const runtimeFrame = {};
     scope.enterWork();
     this.budget.beginPathLookupSuspension();
@@ -31527,6 +31182,37 @@ ${s1}
               state.lastArgument = context2.args.at(-1) ?? context2.command;
               return { exitCode };
             }
+            if (context2.command === "exec") {
+              let execIdx = 0;
+              while (execIdx < context2.args.length) {
+                const f = context2.args[execIdx];
+                if (f === "--") {
+                  execIdx += 1;
+                  break;
+                }
+                if (f === "-a" && execIdx + 1 < context2.args.length) {
+                  execIdx += 2;
+                  continue;
+                }
+                if (f === "-c" || f === "-l") {
+                  execIdx += 1;
+                  continue;
+                }
+                break;
+              }
+              const execRest = context2.args.slice(execIdx);
+              const execCmd = execRest[0];
+              if (execCmd === void 0) {
+                return { exitCode: 0 };
+              }
+              const execArgs = execRest.slice(1);
+              const status = await this.dispatch(execCmd, execArgs, state, { ...io, ...context2 }, assignments2, true, context2.argumentValues.values.slice(execIdx + 1));
+              throw completedExit(status, "exit");
+            }
+            if (context2.command === "read" && context2.args.some((arg) => arg.startsWith("-") && (arg.includes("u") || arg.includes("t")))) {
+              const { executeRead } = await import("./read-builtin-A4QKAT45.js");
+              return { exitCode: await executeRead(true, this.extensionContext(state, { ...io, ...context2 }, context2.command, context2.args, context2.argumentValues.values)) };
+            }
             const builtinWork = this.builtin({ ...context2, [declarationArrays]: io[declarationArrays] }, state, assignments2, (error, diagnostic) => {
               builtinFailure = { error, diagnostic };
             }, bypassFunctions);
@@ -31924,7 +31610,7 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
     try {
       do {
         this.signal.throwIfAborted();
-        const unit = parseShellUnit(source, position, byteLocale(state.variables), this.budget.parsing, lineIndex, void 0, false, state.extensions?.syntax);
+        const unit = parseShellUnit(source, position, byteLocale(state.variables), this.budget.parsing, lineIndex, void 0, false, state.extensions?.syntax, state.expand_aliases ? state.aliases : void 0);
         for (const warning of unit.script.warnings ?? []) await writeDiagnostic(io.stderr, `${io.scriptName}: warning: ${warning}
 `);
         if (unit.script.lists.length) {
@@ -31965,7 +31651,7 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       }
       const unitIO = { ...io, diagnosticOffset: offset };
       try {
-        const unit = eof ? parseShellUnit(source, 0, byteLocale(state.variables), this.budget.parsing, lineIndex, void 0, false, state.extensions?.syntax) : parseShellInputUnit(source, byteLocale(state.variables), this.budget.parsing, lineIndex, state.extensions?.syntax);
+        const unit = eof ? parseShellUnit(source, 0, byteLocale(state.variables), this.budget.parsing, lineIndex, void 0, false, state.extensions?.syntax, state.expand_aliases ? state.aliases : void 0) : parseShellInputUnit(source, byteLocale(state.variables), this.budget.parsing, lineIndex, state.extensions?.syntax, state.expand_aliases ? state.aliases : void 0);
         if (unit) {
           for (const warning of unit.script.warnings ?? []) await writeDiagnostic(io.stderr, `${io.scriptName}: warning: ${warning}
 `);
@@ -32214,7 +31900,8 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       else {
         const options2 = { signal: this.signal };
         const stat = await interruptible2(this.fs.stat(path, options2), this.signal);
-        if (stat.type !== "file") throw new CommandFailure(`${target}: ${stat.type === "directory" ? "Is a directory" : "not a regular file"}`, 126);
+        if (stat.type === "directory") throw new CommandFailure(`${target}: Is a directory`, 126);
+        if (stat.type !== "file" && (direct || stat.type !== "character" && stat.type !== "fifo")) throw new CommandFailure(`${target}: not a regular file`, 126);
         if (direct) {
           const capabilities = this.fs.capabilitiesFor ? await interruptible2(this.fs.capabilitiesFor(path, options2), this.signal) : this.fs.capabilities;
           if (capabilities.permissions !== true) throw new CommandFailure(`${target}: execution permissions are not supported by this filesystem`, 126);
@@ -32285,7 +31972,7 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
         this.signal.throwIfAborted();
         let unit;
         try {
-          unit = parseShellUnit(source, position, byteLocale(child.variables), this.budget.parsing, lineIndex, void 0, false, child.extensions?.syntax);
+          unit = parseShellUnit(source, position, byteLocale(child.variables), this.budget.parsing, lineIndex, void 0, false, child.extensions?.syntax, child.expand_aliases ? child.aliases : void 0);
         } catch (error) {
           if (!(error instanceof ShellSyntaxError)) throw error;
           await writeDiagnostic(context.stderr, `${target}: line ${lineIndex.lineAt(error.offset)}: syntax error: ${error.reason}
@@ -32308,7 +31995,7 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
     }
   }
   async runCurrentText(source, state, io, fatalSyntax, syntaxName, byteSource = false, includeSyntaxContext = true, sourceValues) {
-    if (!sourceValues && !byteSource && isDefaultShellSyntax(state.extensions?.syntax) && source.length <= 4096) {
+    if (!state.expand_aliases && !sourceValues && !byteSource && isDefaultShellSyntax(state.extensions?.syntax) && source.length <= 4096) {
       try {
         const cachedUnit = getOrParseSingleEvalUnit(source, byteLocale(state.variables), this.budget.parsing);
         if (cachedUnit) {
@@ -32335,7 +32022,7 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
     try {
       do {
         this.signal.throwIfAborted();
-        const unit = parseShellUnit(source, position, byteLocale(state.variables), this.budget.parsing, lineIndex, sourceValues, byteSource, state.extensions?.syntax);
+        const unit = parseShellUnit(source, position, byteLocale(state.variables), this.budget.parsing, lineIndex, sourceValues, byteSource, state.extensions?.syntax, state.expand_aliases ? state.aliases : void 0);
         for (const warning of unit.script.warnings ?? []) await writeDiagnostic(io.stderr, `${io.scriptName ?? "shell"}: warning: ${warning}
 `);
         if (unit.script.lists.length) {
@@ -32438,7 +32125,7 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       const path = pathOf(state, target);
       const stat = await interruptible2(this.fs.stat(path, options), this.signal);
       if (stat.type === "directory") throw new CommandFailure(`${context.command}: ${target}: is a directory`, 1);
-      if (stat.type !== "file") throw new CommandFailure(`${target}: not a regular file`, 1);
+      if (stat.type !== "file" && stat.type !== "character" && stat.type !== "fifo") throw new CommandFailure(`${target}: not a regular file`, 1);
       await interruptible2(this.fs.access(path, ACCESS_MODES.R_OK, options), this.signal);
       const maxBytes = this.budget.limits.maxSourceBytes - this.budget.sourceBytes;
       if (stat.size > maxBytes) this.budget.fail("maxSourceBytes");
@@ -33079,7 +32766,7 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       return 1;
     }
     const options = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-    for (const name2 of setNamespace ? ["allexport", "braceexpand", "errexit", "noclobber", "noexec", "noglob", "nounset", "pipefail"] : ["dotglob", "extglob", "globstar", "nocaseglob", "nocasematch", "nullglob"]) {
+    for (const name2 of setNamespace ? ["allexport", "braceexpand", "errexit", "noclobber", "noexec", "noglob", "nounset", "pipefail"] : ["dotglob", "expand_aliases", "extglob", "failglob", "globstar", "inherit_errexit", "lastpipe", "nocaseglob", "nocasematch", "nullglob"]) {
       options.set(name2, {
         get enabled() {
           return name2 === "braceexpand" ? state.braceexpand !== false : !!state[name2];
@@ -33492,6 +33179,12 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       return status;
     }
     if (command === "shopt") return this.shoptBuiltin(context, state);
+    if (command === "alias" || command === "unalias") {
+      const aliases = state.aliases ??= /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+      const limits = { maxArgumentBytes: this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes, maxAliasBytes: this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes };
+      const definition = command === "alias" ? createAliasCommand({ aliases, limits }) : createUnaliasCommand({ aliases, limits });
+      return (await definition.execute(context)).exitCode;
+    }
     if (command === "let") return this.letBuiltin(context, state);
     if (command === "mapfile" || command === "readarray") return this.mapfileBuiltin(context, state);
     if (command === "getopts") return this.getoptsBuiltin(context, state);
@@ -34379,6 +34072,7 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
     }
     if (command === "break" || command === "continue") {
       if (!state.loopDepth) {
+        if (state._subshellInLoop) throw completedExit(0, command, 1);
         await writeDiagnostic(stderr, `${command}: only meaningful in a loop
 `);
         return 0;
@@ -34583,7 +34277,7 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       const operator = part.operator.at(-1);
       if (operator === "+" ? !missing : missing) {
         if (operator === "=") throw new ArrayFailure(`${part.name}[${memberSelector.separator}]: bad array subscript`);
-        const alternate = concatShellValues(await this.valueWord(part.alternate, state, this.parameterOperandIO(part.alternate, state, io), false, false, hereString, false, void 0, hereDocument), io[valueScope]);
+        const alternate = concatShellValues(await this.valueWord(part.alternate, state, this.parameterOperandIO(part.alternate, state, io), false, false, hereString, false, void 0, hereDocument || part.quoted), io[valueScope]);
         if (operator === "?") throw new ParameterExpansionFailure(`${part.name}: ${shellValueText(alternate) || "parameter not set"}`, io.diagnosticLine ?? part.line);
         return alternate;
       }
@@ -34601,12 +34295,13 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
         if (operator === "+" ? !missing : missing) {
           const operandIO = this.parameterOperandIO(part.alternate, state, io);
           if (operator === "=") {
-            await this.arrayAssignment({ kind: "element", name: part.name, index: element.index, append: false, value: part.alternate }, state, operandIO);
+            const elemAlt = part.quoted ? { ...part.alternate, parts: part.alternate.parts.map((p) => ({ ...p, quoted: true })) } : part.alternate;
+            await this.arrayAssignment({ kind: "element", name: part.name, index: element.index, append: false, value: elemAlt }, state, operandIO);
             const assigned = store.get(part.name);
             const assignedIndex = assigned.associative ? await this.arrayIndex(assigned, element.index, state, io, store.owner) : index2;
             return assignedIndex === void 0 ? "" : assigned.getValue(assignedIndex) ?? "";
           }
-          const alternate = concatShellValues(await this.valueWord(part.alternate, state, operandIO, false, false, hereString, false, void 0, hereDocument), io[valueScope]);
+          const alternate = concatShellValues(await this.valueWord(part.alternate, state, operandIO, false, false, hereString, false, void 0, hereDocument || part.quoted), io[valueScope]);
           if (operator === "?") throw new ParameterExpansionFailure(`${part.name}: ${shellValueText(alternate) || (part.operator.startsWith(":") ? "parameter null or not set" : "parameter not set")}`, io.diagnosticLine ?? part.line);
           return alternate;
         }
@@ -34808,13 +34503,29 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
     if (part.kind === "process-substitution") {
       if (state.depth >= this.budget.limits.maxSubstitutionDepth) this.budget.fail("maxSubstitutionDepth");
       this.signal.throwIfAborted();
-      const tempPath = `/.procsub-${++nextProcessSubstitutionId}`;
+      const ids = state.processSubstitutionIds ??= { next: 0 };
+      const requestedDirectory = pathOf(state, state.variables.TMPDIR || "/tmp");
+      const directory = requestedDirectory === "/" ? "/tmp" : requestedDirectory;
+      await this.sourceFs.mkdir(directory, { recursive: true, signal: this.signal });
+      let tempPath = "";
+      let owned = false;
       io[invocationScope].register(async () => {
-        try {
+        if (owned) try {
           await this.sourceFs.rm(tempPath, { force: true });
         } catch {
         }
       });
+      while (!owned) {
+        this.budget.tick();
+        tempPath = pathOf(state, `${directory}/.procsub-${++ids.next}`);
+        try {
+          await this.sourceFs.writeFile(tempPath, new Uint8Array(0), { flag: "wx", signal: this.signal });
+          owned = true;
+        } catch (error) {
+          this.signal.throwIfAborted();
+          if (!(error instanceof FsError) || error.code !== "EEXIST") throw error;
+        }
+      }
       if (part.direction === "<") {
         const capture = new Capture();
         const child = await cloneState(state, this.signal);
@@ -34824,7 +34535,6 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
         if (state.profile !== "sh") child.errexit = false;
         delete child.redirectAssignments;
         child.depth++;
-        child.loopDepth = 0;
         const references = new PipeDescriptorFrame(io[invocationScope]);
         const lifetime = new DescriptorLifetime();
         const captureIO = isolateIO({
@@ -34873,7 +34583,6 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
         if (state.profile !== "sh") child.errexit = false;
         delete child.redirectAssignments;
         child.depth++;
-        child.loopDepth = 0;
         const prepared = prepareBytesInput(bytes, this.budget);
         const input = new ShellInput(prepared.source, this.budget, this.commandSignal, prepared.options);
         const lifetime = new DescriptorLifetime(async () => {
@@ -34917,14 +34626,13 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       child.isolated = true;
       child.variables.BASH_SUBSHELL = String(Number(state.variables.BASH_SUBSHELL ?? 0) + 1);
       child.extensions = forkExtensions(state.extensions, "substitution");
-      if (state.profile !== "sh") child.errexit = false;
+      if (state.profile !== "sh" && !state.inherit_errexit) child.errexit = false;
       for (const [name2, value2] of state.redirectAssignments ?? []) {
         await this.writeVariable(child, name2, value2, io);
         child.exported.add(name2);
       }
       delete child.redirectAssignments;
       child.depth++;
-      child.loopDepth = 0;
       const pipeline = part.script.lists.length === 1 && part.script.lists[0].pipelines.length === 1 ? part.script.lists[0].pipelines[0] : void 0;
       const command = pipeline && !pipeline.negate && pipeline.commands.length === 1 ? pipeline.commands[0] : void 0;
       const fileShortcut = command?.kind === "simple" && command.words.length === 0 && command.redirects.length === 1 && command.redirects[0].operator === "<";
@@ -35045,16 +34753,17 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       if (operator === "+" && !missing || operator !== "+" && missing) {
         const operandIO = this.parameterOperandIO(part.alternate, state, io);
         let alternate;
+        const altWord = !hereDocument && !part.quoted && operator === "=" ? { ...part.alternate, parts: expandTildes(part.alternate.parts, state.variables, this.budget, void 0, true) } : part.alternate;
         if (operator === "=" && arrayStore(state)?.get(part.name)) {
           alternate = "";
           await this.arrayZero(state, part.name, io, async () => {
-            retained = await this.arrayJoin(requireArrays(state).owner, await this.valueWord(part.alternate, state, operandIO, false, false, hereString, false, void 0, hereDocument), "");
+            retained = await this.arrayJoin(requireArrays(state).owner, await this.valueWord(altWord, state, operandIO, false, false, hereString, false, void 0, hereDocument || part.quoted || operator === "="), "");
             return retained;
           });
           value = shellValueText(retained);
           return part.length ? this.valueLength(retained, state, io) : retained;
         }
-        retained = concatShellValues(await this.valueWord(part.alternate, state, operandIO, false, false, hereString, false, void 0, hereDocument), io[valueScope]);
+        retained = concatShellValues(await this.valueWord(altWord, state, operandIO, false, false, hereString, false, void 0, hereDocument || part.quoted || operator === "="), io[valueScope]);
         alternate = shellValueText(retained);
         if (operator === "?") throw new ParameterExpansionFailure(`${part.name}: ${alternate || (part.operator.startsWith(":") ? "parameter null or not set" : "parameter not set")}`, io.diagnosticLine ?? part.line);
         if (operator === "=") {
@@ -35506,7 +35215,7 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
           continue;
         }
         if (part.indirect || part.specialParameter) return void 0;
-        if (part.name === "@" || part.name === "*" || part.name === "PIPESTATUS" || part.name === "LINENO" || part.name === "BASH_SUBSHELL" || part.name === "_" || part.name === "FUNCNAME" || part.name === "DIRSTACK") return void 0;
+        if (part.name === "@" || part.name === "*" || part.name === "PIPESTATUS" || part.name === "LINENO" || part.name === "BASH_SUBSHELL" || part.name === "BASHPID" || part.name === "_" || part.name === "FUNCNAME" || part.name === "DIRSTACK") return void 0;
         if (!isShellIdentifier(part.name)) return void 0;
         const selector = getArraySelector(part);
         const arrayBinding = activeArrayStore?.get(part.name);
@@ -43107,7 +42816,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
       const p = word.parts[i];
       if (p.kind === "text") continue;
       if (p.kind === "variable") {
-        if (p.name === "BASH_SUBSHELL" || p.name === "RANDOM" || p.name === "SECONDS") return false;
+        if (p.name === "BASH_SUBSHELL" || p.name === "BASHPID" || p.name === "RANDOM" || p.name === "SECONDS") return false;
         if (!p.indirect && !p.prefixNames && !p.length && !p.substring && !p.transform && p.operator === void 0 && getArraySelector(p) === void 0 && (p.name === "?" || p.name === "#" || p.name.length === 1 && p.name >= "1" && p.name <= "9")) {
           const activePos = this._fastSubPositional ?? rawState.positional;
           if (rawState.nounset && p.name >= "1" && p.name <= "9" && activePos[p.name.charCodeAt(0) - 49] === void 0) return false;
@@ -43166,7 +42875,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
       const definition = this.commands.get(name2);
       if (definition && customRegisteredCommands.has(definition.execute)) return void 0;
       if (name2 === "uname" || name2 === "nproc" || name2 === "hostname" || name2 === "id" || name2 === "whoami") {
-        if (!definition || !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(definition.execute)) return void 0;
+        if (!definition || !builtInDirectContextExecutors2.has(definition.execute)) return void 0;
       }
     }
     if (pipeline.commands.length >= 2 && pipeline.commands.length <= 5) {
@@ -43187,7 +42896,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
       if (cmd0HereStringRedir && w0Plain0 === "cat" && cmd0.words.length !== 1) return void 0;
       if (!cmd0StdinRedir && !cmd0HereStringRedir && w0Plain0 === "cat" && cmd0.words.length < 2) return void 0;
       const def0 = this.commands.get(w0Plain0);
-      if (!def0 || (w0Plain0 === "printf" ? def0.execute !== printfCommand.execute : w0Plain0 === "echo" ? !defaultEchoExecutors.has(def0.execute) : w0Plain0 === "cat" || w0Plain0 === "seq" || cmd0YesStage || cmd0SysStage || cmd0StdinRedir || cmd0HereStringRedir || cmd0FileStage ? w0Plain0 !== "rev" && w0Plain0 !== "tac" && w0Plain0 !== "nl" && w0Plain0 !== "paste" && w0Plain0 !== "comm" && w0Plain0 !== "join" && w0Plain0 !== "jq" && w0Plain0 !== "strings" && w0Plain0 !== "bc" && w0Plain0 !== "factor" && w0Plain0 !== "tsort" && w0Plain0 !== "envsubst" && w0Plain0 !== "xxd" && w0Plain0 !== "od" && w0Plain0 !== "hexdump" && w0Plain0 !== "hd" && w0Plain0 !== "fmt" && w0Plain0 !== "md5sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha1sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha224sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha256sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha384sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha512sum" && w0Plain0 !== "cksum" && w0Plain0 !== "base32" && w0Plain0 !== "base64" && w0Plain0 !== "csvcut" && w0Plain0 !== "csvgrep" && w0Plain0 !== "dos2unix" && w0Plain0 !== "unix2dos" && w0Plain0 !== "iconv" && w0Plain0 !== "gzip" && w0Plain0 !== "gunzip" && w0Plain0 !== "zcat" && w0Plain0 !== "unzstd" && w0Plain0 !== "zstdcat" && w0Plain0 !== "htmlq" && w0Plain0 !== "xmllint" && w0Plain0 !== "xq" && w0Plain0 !== "yq" && w0Plain0 !== "mdq" && w0Plain0 !== "shuf" && w0Plain0 !== "html-to-markdown" && w0Plain0 !== "unrtf" && w0Plain0 !== "pr" && w0Plain0 !== "file" && w0Plain0 !== "diff3" && w0Plain0 !== "cmp" && w0Plain0 !== "which" && w0Plain0 !== "diff" && w0Plain0 !== "xan" && w0Plain0 !== "less" && w0Plain0 !== "more" && w0Plain0 !== "df" && w0Plain0 !== "du" && w0Plain0 !== "tree" && w0Plain0 !== "stat" && w0Plain0 !== "fd" && w0Plain0 !== "rg" && w0Plain0 !== "readlink" && w0Plain0 !== "realpath" && w0Plain0 !== "ls" && w0Plain0 !== "find" && w0Plain0 !== "csvlook" && w0Plain0 !== "csvjson" && w0Plain0 !== "csvsort" && w0Plain0 !== "csvformat" && w0Plain0 !== "csvstat" && w0Plain0 !== "in2csv" && w0Plain0 !== "csvstack" && w0Plain0 !== "csvjoin" && w0Plain0 !== "dd" && w0Plain0 !== "env" && w0Plain0 !== "xargs" && w0Plain0 !== "openssl" && w0Plain0 !== "sqlite3" && w0Plain0 !== "gpg" && w0Plain0 !== "ssh" && w0Plain0 !== "ssh-keygen" && w0Plain0 !== "pdfinfo" && w0Plain0 !== "pdffonts" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftotext" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftohtml" && w0Plain0 !== "exiftool" && w0Plain0 !== "qpdf" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftk" && w0Plain0 !== "sips" && w0Plain0 !== "identify" && w0Plain0 !== "magick" && w0Plain0 !== "convert" && w0Plain0 !== "pdfimages" && w0Plain0 !== "pdfdetach" && w0Plain0 !== "ffprobe" && w0Plain0 !== "ffmpeg" && w0Plain0 !== "gh" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftoppm" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftocairo" && w0Plain0 !== "mmdc" && w0Plain0 !== "pandoc" && w0Plain0 !== "soffice" && w0Plain0 !== "libreoffice" && w0Plain0 !== "ssconvert" && w0Plain0 !== "wkhtmltopdf" && w0Plain0 !== "op" && w0Plain0 !== "date" && w0Plain0 !== "printenv" && w0Plain0 !== "egrep" && w0Plain0 !== "fgrep" && w0Plain0 !== "yes" && w0Plain0 !== "cal" && w0Plain0 !== "ncal" && w0Plain0 !== "expr" && w0Plain0 !== "getopt" && w0Plain0 !== "pathchk" && !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(def0.execute) : customRegisteredCommands.has(def0.execute) || customRegisteredRegistries.has(this.commands))) return void 0;
+      if (!def0 || (w0Plain0 === "printf" ? def0.execute !== printfCommand.execute : w0Plain0 === "echo" ? !defaultEchoExecutors.has(def0.execute) : w0Plain0 === "cat" || w0Plain0 === "seq" || cmd0YesStage || cmd0SysStage || cmd0StdinRedir || cmd0HereStringRedir || cmd0FileStage ? w0Plain0 !== "rev" && w0Plain0 !== "tac" && w0Plain0 !== "nl" && w0Plain0 !== "paste" && w0Plain0 !== "comm" && w0Plain0 !== "join" && w0Plain0 !== "jq" && w0Plain0 !== "strings" && w0Plain0 !== "bc" && w0Plain0 !== "factor" && w0Plain0 !== "tsort" && w0Plain0 !== "envsubst" && w0Plain0 !== "xxd" && w0Plain0 !== "od" && w0Plain0 !== "hexdump" && w0Plain0 !== "hd" && w0Plain0 !== "fmt" && w0Plain0 !== "md5sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha1sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha224sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha256sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha384sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha512sum" && w0Plain0 !== "cksum" && w0Plain0 !== "base32" && w0Plain0 !== "base64" && w0Plain0 !== "csvcut" && w0Plain0 !== "csvgrep" && w0Plain0 !== "dos2unix" && w0Plain0 !== "unix2dos" && w0Plain0 !== "iconv" && w0Plain0 !== "gzip" && w0Plain0 !== "gunzip" && w0Plain0 !== "zcat" && w0Plain0 !== "unzstd" && w0Plain0 !== "zstdcat" && w0Plain0 !== "htmlq" && w0Plain0 !== "xmllint" && w0Plain0 !== "xq" && w0Plain0 !== "yq" && w0Plain0 !== "mdq" && w0Plain0 !== "shuf" && w0Plain0 !== "html-to-markdown" && w0Plain0 !== "unrtf" && w0Plain0 !== "pr" && w0Plain0 !== "file" && w0Plain0 !== "diff3" && w0Plain0 !== "cmp" && w0Plain0 !== "which" && w0Plain0 !== "diff" && w0Plain0 !== "xan" && w0Plain0 !== "less" && w0Plain0 !== "more" && w0Plain0 !== "df" && w0Plain0 !== "du" && w0Plain0 !== "tree" && w0Plain0 !== "stat" && w0Plain0 !== "fd" && w0Plain0 !== "rg" && w0Plain0 !== "readlink" && w0Plain0 !== "realpath" && w0Plain0 !== "ls" && w0Plain0 !== "find" && w0Plain0 !== "csvlook" && w0Plain0 !== "csvjson" && w0Plain0 !== "csvsort" && w0Plain0 !== "csvformat" && w0Plain0 !== "csvstat" && w0Plain0 !== "in2csv" && w0Plain0 !== "csvstack" && w0Plain0 !== "csvjoin" && w0Plain0 !== "dd" && w0Plain0 !== "env" && w0Plain0 !== "xargs" && w0Plain0 !== "openssl" && w0Plain0 !== "sqlite3" && w0Plain0 !== "gpg" && w0Plain0 !== "ssh" && w0Plain0 !== "ssh-keygen" && w0Plain0 !== "pdfinfo" && w0Plain0 !== "pdffonts" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftotext" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftohtml" && w0Plain0 !== "exiftool" && w0Plain0 !== "qpdf" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftk" && w0Plain0 !== "sips" && w0Plain0 !== "identify" && w0Plain0 !== "magick" && w0Plain0 !== "convert" && w0Plain0 !== "pdfimages" && w0Plain0 !== "pdfdetach" && w0Plain0 !== "ffprobe" && w0Plain0 !== "ffmpeg" && w0Plain0 !== "gh" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftoppm" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftocairo" && w0Plain0 !== "mmdc" && w0Plain0 !== "pandoc" && w0Plain0 !== "soffice" && w0Plain0 !== "libreoffice" && w0Plain0 !== "ssconvert" && w0Plain0 !== "wkhtmltopdf" && w0Plain0 !== "op" && w0Plain0 !== "date" && w0Plain0 !== "printenv" && w0Plain0 !== "egrep" && w0Plain0 !== "fgrep" && w0Plain0 !== "yes" && w0Plain0 !== "cal" && w0Plain0 !== "ncal" && w0Plain0 !== "expr" && w0Plain0 !== "getopt" && w0Plain0 !== "pathchk" && !builtInDirectContextExecutors2.has(def0.execute) : customRegisteredCommands.has(def0.execute) || customRegisteredRegistries.has(this.commands))) return void 0;
       if (!this.arePureArgWords(cmd0.words, rawState)) return void 0;
       const n = pipeline.commands.length;
       const stageDefs = [];
@@ -43200,8 +42909,8 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
         const sName = sCmd.words[0].plain;
         if (!sName || hasShellFunction(rawState, sName) || rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(sName)) return void 0;
         const extDef = this.commands.get(sName);
-        if (!extDef || (sName !== "cat" || startStageIdx === 0) && sName !== "rev" && sName !== "tac" && sName !== "nl" && sName !== "paste" && sName !== "column" && sName !== "fold" && sName !== "expand" && sName !== "unexpand" && sName !== "strings" && sName !== "comm" && sName !== "join" && sName !== "jq" && sName !== "bc" && sName !== "factor" && sName !== "tsort" && sName !== "envsubst" && sName !== "xxd" && sName !== "od" && sName !== "hexdump" && sName !== "hd" && sName !== "fmt" && sName !== "md5sum" && sName !== "sha1sum" && sName !== "sha224sum" && sName !== "sha256sum" && sName !== "sha384sum" && sName !== "sha512sum" && sName !== "cksum" && sName !== "base32" && sName !== "base64" && sName !== "csvcut" && sName !== "csvgrep" && sName !== "dos2unix" && sName !== "unix2dos" && sName !== "iconv" && sName !== "gzip" && sName !== "gunzip" && sName !== "zcat" && sName !== "unzstd" && sName !== "zstdcat" && sName !== "htmlq" && sName !== "xmllint" && sName !== "xq" && sName !== "yq" && sName !== "mdq" && sName !== "shuf" && sName !== "html-to-markdown" && sName !== "unrtf" && sName !== "pr" && sName !== "file" && sName !== "diff3" && sName !== "cmp" && sName !== "which" && sName !== "diff" && sName !== "xan" && sName !== "less" && sName !== "more" && sName !== "df" && sName !== "du" && sName !== "tree" && sName !== "stat" && sName !== "fd" && sName !== "rg" && sName !== "readlink" && sName !== "realpath" && sName !== "ls" && sName !== "find" && sName !== "csvlook" && sName !== "csvjson" && sName !== "csvsort" && sName !== "csvformat" && sName !== "csvstat" && sName !== "in2csv" && sName !== "csvstack" && sName !== "csvjoin" && sName !== "dd" && sName !== "xargs" && sName !== "openssl" && sName !== "sqlite3" && sName !== "gpg" && sName !== "ssh" && sName !== "ssh-keygen" && sName !== "pdfinfo" && sName !== "pdffonts" && sName !== "pdftotext" && sName !== "pdftohtml" && sName !== "exiftool" && sName !== "qpdf" && sName !== "pdftk" && sName !== "sips" && sName !== "identify" && sName !== "magick" && sName !== "convert" && sName !== "pdfimages" && sName !== "pdfdetach" && sName !== "ffprobe" && sName !== "ffmpeg" && sName !== "gh" && sName !== "pdftoppm" && sName !== "pdftocairo" && sName !== "mmdc" && sName !== "pandoc" && sName !== "soffice" && sName !== "libreoffice" && sName !== "ssconvert" && sName !== "wkhtmltopdf" && sName !== "op" && sName !== "date" && sName !== "cal" && sName !== "ncal" && sName !== "getopt" && sName !== "pathchk" && sName !== "printenv" && sName !== "env" && sName !== "egrep" && sName !== "fgrep" && !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(extDef.execute) || customRegisteredCommands.has(extDef.execute)) return void 0;
-        if ((sName === "xxd" || sName === "od") && !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(extDef.execute)) return void 0;
+        if (!extDef || (sName !== "cat" || startStageIdx === 0) && sName !== "rev" && sName !== "tac" && sName !== "nl" && sName !== "paste" && sName !== "column" && sName !== "fold" && sName !== "expand" && sName !== "unexpand" && sName !== "strings" && sName !== "comm" && sName !== "join" && sName !== "jq" && sName !== "bc" && sName !== "factor" && sName !== "tsort" && sName !== "envsubst" && sName !== "xxd" && sName !== "od" && sName !== "hexdump" && sName !== "hd" && sName !== "fmt" && sName !== "md5sum" && sName !== "sha1sum" && sName !== "sha224sum" && sName !== "sha256sum" && sName !== "sha384sum" && sName !== "sha512sum" && sName !== "cksum" && sName !== "base32" && sName !== "base64" && sName !== "csvcut" && sName !== "csvgrep" && sName !== "dos2unix" && sName !== "unix2dos" && sName !== "iconv" && sName !== "gzip" && sName !== "gunzip" && sName !== "zcat" && sName !== "unzstd" && sName !== "zstdcat" && sName !== "htmlq" && sName !== "xmllint" && sName !== "xq" && sName !== "yq" && sName !== "mdq" && sName !== "shuf" && sName !== "html-to-markdown" && sName !== "unrtf" && sName !== "pr" && sName !== "file" && sName !== "diff3" && sName !== "cmp" && sName !== "which" && sName !== "diff" && sName !== "xan" && sName !== "less" && sName !== "more" && sName !== "df" && sName !== "du" && sName !== "tree" && sName !== "stat" && sName !== "fd" && sName !== "rg" && sName !== "readlink" && sName !== "realpath" && sName !== "ls" && sName !== "find" && sName !== "csvlook" && sName !== "csvjson" && sName !== "csvsort" && sName !== "csvformat" && sName !== "csvstat" && sName !== "in2csv" && sName !== "csvstack" && sName !== "csvjoin" && sName !== "dd" && sName !== "xargs" && sName !== "openssl" && sName !== "sqlite3" && sName !== "gpg" && sName !== "ssh" && sName !== "ssh-keygen" && sName !== "pdfinfo" && sName !== "pdffonts" && sName !== "pdftotext" && sName !== "pdftohtml" && sName !== "exiftool" && sName !== "qpdf" && sName !== "pdftk" && sName !== "sips" && sName !== "identify" && sName !== "magick" && sName !== "convert" && sName !== "pdfimages" && sName !== "pdfdetach" && sName !== "ffprobe" && sName !== "ffmpeg" && sName !== "gh" && sName !== "pdftoppm" && sName !== "pdftocairo" && sName !== "mmdc" && sName !== "pandoc" && sName !== "soffice" && sName !== "libreoffice" && sName !== "ssconvert" && sName !== "wkhtmltopdf" && sName !== "op" && sName !== "date" && sName !== "cal" && sName !== "ncal" && sName !== "getopt" && sName !== "pathchk" && sName !== "printenv" && sName !== "env" && sName !== "egrep" && sName !== "fgrep" && !builtInDirectContextExecutors2.has(extDef.execute) || customRegisteredCommands.has(extDef.execute)) return void 0;
+        if ((sName === "xxd" || sName === "od") && !builtInDirectContextExecutors2.has(extDef.execute)) return void 0;
         if (!this.arePureArgWords(sCmd.words, rawState)) return void 0;
         const sArgs = [];
         for (let w = 1; w < sCmd.words.length; w++) {
@@ -43424,8 +43133,6 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
       syncPurePipelineSlotInUse = true;
       this.budget.enterPipelineStages(n);
       this.budget.commands += n;
-      const scope = io[invocationScope];
-      let context = pooledSyncPipeContext;
       let prevBuf = sharedSyncPipeBuf0;
       let prevLen = fastSharedTextEncoder.encodeInto(stage0Formatted, sharedSyncPipeBuf0).written;
       try {
@@ -44043,35 +43750,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
             prevLen = written;
             continue;
           }
-          sharedSyncPipeReader.reset(prevBuf, prevLen, this.signal, -1);
-          sharedSyncPipeWriter.reset(this.budget, this.signal, nextBuf, -1);
-          if (!context) {
-            context = new FastShellCommandContext(this, rawState, io, scope, firstName, stageArgs, void 0, void 0, true);
-            pooledSyncPipeContext = context;
-          }
-          context.resetDirectStage(this, rawState, io, scope, firstName, stageArgs, sharedSyncPipeReader, false, sharedSyncPipeWriter, this.signal);
-          sharedSyncPipeReader.abortSignal = context.signal;
-          scope.enterWork();
-          this.budget.beginPathLookupSuspension();
-          let resPromise;
-          try {
-            resPromise = extDef.execute(context);
-          } finally {
-            this.budget.endPathLookupSuspension();
-            scope.leaveWork();
-          }
-          if (resPromise !== RESOLVED_EXIT_ZERO) {
-            if (resPromise && typeof resPromise.catch === "function") {
-              resPromise.catch(() => {
-              });
-            }
-            pooledSyncPipeContext = void 0;
-            context = void 0;
-            return void 0;
-          }
-          this.signal.throwIfAborted();
-          prevBuf = nextBuf;
-          prevLen = sharedSyncPipeWriter.used;
+          return void 0;
         }
         if (prevBuf.subarray(0, prevLen).includes(0)) return void 0;
         completed = true;
@@ -44080,11 +43759,6 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
           this.budget.bytes = previousBytes;
           this.budget.commands = previousCommands;
         }
-        if (context) context.releaseDirectStage();
-        sharedSyncPipeWriter.budget = void 0;
-        sharedSyncPipeWriter.signal = void 0;
-        sharedSyncPipeWriter.target = EMPTY_BYTES;
-        sharedSyncPipeReader.reset(EMPTY_BYTES, 0);
         syncPurePipelineSlotInUse = false;
         this.budget.leavePipelineStages(n);
       }
@@ -44158,13 +43832,13 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
     if (w0Plain === "fmt" && !hasSingleStdinRedir && !hasSingleHereStringRedir && !io.stdinIsDefault) return void 0;
     if (w0Plain === "xxd" || w0Plain === "od" || w0Plain === "mktemp" || w0Plain === "chmod" || w0Plain === "uname" || w0Plain === "nproc" || w0Plain === "hostname" || w0Plain === "id" || w0Plain === "whoami") {
       const definition = this.commands.get(w0Plain);
-      if (!definition || !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(definition.execute)) return void 0;
+      if (!definition || !builtInDirectContextExecutors2.has(definition.execute)) return void 0;
     }
     if (cmd.words.length === 2 && cmd.redirects.length === 0 && (cmd.words[1]?.plain === "--help" || cmd.words[1]?.plain === "--version")) {
       const gnuInfo = gnuInformationSync(w0Plain, [cmd.words[1].plain], false, (rawState.exported.has("POSIXLY_CORRECT") || rawState.allexport) && rawState.variables.POSIXLY_CORRECT !== void 0);
       if (gnuInfo !== void 0) {
         const extDef = this.commands.get(w0Plain);
-        if (!extDef || !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(extDef.execute)) return void 0;
+        if (!extDef || !builtInDirectContextExecutors2.has(extDef.execute)) return void 0;
         return gnuInfo.replace(/\n+$/, "");
       }
     }
@@ -45770,8 +45444,8 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
       if (!def) return void 0;
       if (w0Plain === "printf" && def.execute !== printfCommand.execute) return void 0;
       if (w0Plain === "echo" && !defaultEchoExecutors.has(def.execute)) return void 0;
-      if ((w0Plain === "dirname" || w0Plain === "basename") && (!builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(def.execute) || customRegisteredCommands.has(def.execute))) return void 0;
-      if (w0Plain === "seq" && !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(def.execute) && (customRegisteredCommands.has(def.execute) || customRegisteredRegistries.has(this.commands))) return void 0;
+      if ((w0Plain === "dirname" || w0Plain === "basename") && (!builtInDirectContextExecutors2.has(def.execute) || customRegisteredCommands.has(def.execute))) return void 0;
+      if (w0Plain === "seq" && !builtInDirectContextExecutors2.has(def.execute) && (customRegisteredCommands.has(def.execute) || customRegisteredRegistries.has(this.commands))) return void 0;
       if (cmd.words.length > this.budget.maxExpansionFieldsSmi && cmd.words.length > this.budget.limits.maxExpansionFields) return void 0;
       for (let i = 0; i < cmd.words.length; i++) {
         if (!this.isPureArgWord(cmd.words[i], rawState)) return void 0;
@@ -46554,6 +46228,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
         }
       }
       await sortExpansionStrings(found, work, true);
+      if (!found.length && state.failglob) throw new FailglobFailure(`no match: ${value}`);
       return found.length ? found : state.nullglob ? [] : [value];
     } finally {
       scratch.close();
@@ -46634,6 +46309,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
       exhausted: () => this.budget.fail("maxExpansionBytes")
     };
     await sortExpansionStrings(found, sortingWork, true);
+    if (!found.length && state.failglob) throw new FailglobFailure(`no match: ${value}`);
     return found.length ? found : state.nullglob ? [] : [value];
   }
 };
@@ -46672,6 +46348,7 @@ var RootShellState = class {
     this.substitutionStatus = 0;
     this.lastArgument = "";
     this.secondsOrigin = Date.now();
+    this.processSubstitutionIds = { next: 0 };
   }
   get exported() {
     const raw = stateMonitor(this)?.raw;
@@ -46788,6 +46465,10 @@ function captureShellSessionState(state, exitCode) {
     dotglob: Boolean(state.dotglob),
     globstar: Boolean(state.globstar),
     nullglob: Boolean(state.nullglob),
+    failglob: Boolean(state.failglob),
+    lastpipe: Boolean(state.lastpipe),
+    inherit_errexit: Boolean(state.inherit_errexit),
+    expand_aliases: Boolean(state.expand_aliases),
     nocaseglob: Boolean(state.nocaseglob),
     nocasematch: Boolean(state.nocasematch),
     extglob: Boolean(state.extglob),
@@ -46801,6 +46482,7 @@ function captureShellSessionState(state, exitCode) {
     nounset: Boolean(state.nounset)
   };
   const snapshot = {
+    aliases: Object.fromEntries(state.aliases ?? []),
     cwd: state.cwd,
     umask: state.umask ?? 18,
     variables,
@@ -46821,6 +46503,17 @@ function captureShellSessionState(state, exitCode) {
 async function restoreShellSessionState(state, snapshot, explicitOptions, budget, scope, syntax) {
   const resolvedCwd = explicitOptions.cwd !== void 0 ? resolvePath("/", explicitOptions.cwd) : resolvePath("/", snapshot.cwd || "/");
   state.cwd = resolvedCwd;
+  if (snapshot.aliases) {
+    let bytes = 0;
+    const aliases = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+    for (const [name2, value] of Object.entries(snapshot.aliases)) {
+      budget.signal.throwIfAborted();
+      bytes += shellValueByteLength(name2) + shellValueByteLength(value);
+      if (bytes > budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes) budget.fail("maxExpansionBytes");
+      aliases.set(name2, value);
+    }
+    state.aliases = aliases;
+  }
   if (typeof snapshot.umask === "number") {
     state.umask = snapshot.umask & 511;
   }
@@ -46899,6 +46592,10 @@ async function restoreShellSessionState(state, snapshot, explicitOptions, budget
     if (opts.dotglob !== void 0) state.dotglob = opts.dotglob;
     if (opts.globstar !== void 0) state.globstar = opts.globstar;
     if (opts.nullglob !== void 0) state.nullglob = opts.nullglob;
+    if (opts.failglob !== void 0) state.failglob = opts.failglob;
+    if (opts.lastpipe !== void 0) state.lastpipe = opts.lastpipe;
+    if (opts.inherit_errexit !== void 0) state.inherit_errexit = opts.inherit_errexit;
+    if (opts.expand_aliases !== void 0) state.expand_aliases = opts.expand_aliases;
     if (opts.nocaseglob !== void 0) state.nocaseglob = opts.nocaseglob;
     if (opts.nocasematch !== void 0) state.nocasematch = opts.nocasematch;
     if (opts.extglob !== void 0) state.extglob = opts.extglob;
@@ -46966,23 +46663,6 @@ async function restoreShellSessionState(state, snapshot, explicitOptions, budget
 }
 
 // packages/safe-bash/src/shell/shell.ts
-function utf8ByteLength(str) {
-  if (typeof globalThis.Buffer === "function") return globalThis.Buffer.byteLength(str);
-  let bytes = str.length;
-  for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
-    const code = str.charCodeAt(i);
-    if (code >= 128) {
-      if (code <= 2047) bytes += 1;
-      else if (code >= 55296 && code <= 56319 && i + 1 < str.length && (str.charCodeAt(i + 1) & 64512) === 56320) {
-        bytes += 2;
-        i++;
-      } else {
-        bytes += 2;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return bytes;
-}
 var EMPTY_CAPTURED_EXTENSIONS = captureShellExtensions([]);
 var sharedUtf8Decoder = new TextDecoder("utf-8", { ignoreBOM: true });
 var sharedUtf8Encoder = new TextEncoder();
@@ -47022,26 +46702,28 @@ var EMPTY_STDIN_OPTIONS = Object.freeze({
 });
 var EMPTY_EXEC_OPTIONS = Object.freeze({});
 var EMPTY_STDOUT_BYTES = new Uint8Array(0);
-var warmSyncExecJitWarmed = false;
-var parsedSourceCache = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-var lastSourceCacheKey = "";
-var lastSourceCacheVal;
-function getSourceParseCache(source) {
-  if (source === lastSourceCacheKey && lastSourceCacheVal !== void 0) return lastSourceCacheVal;
-  let entry = parsedSourceCache.get(source);
-  if (!entry) {
-    if (parsedSourceCache.size >= 64) {
-      const oldest = parsedSourceCache.keys().next().value;
-      if (oldest !== void 0) parsedSourceCache.delete(oldest);
-    }
-    entry = { byteLength: utf8ByteLength(source) };
-    parsedSourceCache.set(source, entry);
-  }
-  lastSourceCacheKey = source;
-  lastSourceCacheVal = entry;
-  return entry;
+function syntaxDiagnostic(source, error) {
+  const line = source.slice(0, error.offset).split("\n").length;
+  if (error.unclosedQuote) {
+    return `shell: -c: line ${error.unclosedQuote.line}: unexpected EOF while looking for matching \`${error.unclosedQuote.quote}'
+`;
+  }
+  if (error.exitCode === 127) {
+    const token = /^[;&|()<>]|^[^\s;&|()<>]+/u.exec(source.slice(error.offset))?.[0] ?? "newline";
+    return `shell: -c: line ${line}: syntax error near unexpected token \`${token}'
+shell: -c: line ${line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
+`;
+  }
+  if (error.offset >= source.length && !/Unterminated|nesting|Unsupported/u.test(error.reason)) {
+    const context = error.incompleteCommand ? ` from \`${error.incompleteCommand.name}' command on line ${error.incompleteCommand.line}` : "";
+    return `shell: -c: line ${source.split("\n").length + Number(!source.endsWith("\n"))}: syntax error: unexpected end of file${context}
+`;
+  }
+  return `shell: ${error.message}
+`;
 }
-function getOrParseUnitFromCache(source, offset, unitLocale, sourceCache, parseState, budget, syntax) {
+function getOrParseUnitFromCache(source, offset, unitLocale, sourceCache, parseState, budget, syntax, aliases) {
+  if (aliases?.size) sourceCache = void 0;
   let cached;
   if (sourceCache !== void 0) {
     if (offset === 0) {
@@ -47067,7 +46749,7 @@ function getOrParseUnitFromCache(source, offset, unitLocale, sourceCache, parseS
     parseState.lineIndexUnits = budget.parsing.admittedUnits - beforeLineIdx;
   }
   const beforeParse = budget.parsing.admittedUnits;
-  const parsed = parseShellUnit(source, offset, unitLocale, budget.parsing, parseState.lineIndex, void 0, false, syntax);
+  const parsed = parseShellUnit(source, offset, unitLocale, budget.parsing, parseState.lineIndex, void 0, false, syntax, aliases);
   const parseUnits = budget.parsing.admittedUnits - beforeParse;
   const unitsCharged = (offset === 0 ? parseState.lineIndexUnits : 0) + parseUnits;
   if (sourceCache !== void 0 && (!parsed.script.warnings || parsed.script.warnings.length === 0)) {
@@ -47233,11 +46915,12 @@ function createInvocationSink(budget, capture, external) {
     }
   });
 }
-var Shell = class _Shell {
+var Shell = class {
   commands;
   #middleware = [];
   #filesystems = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
   #plugins = [];
+  #processSubstitutionIds = { next: 0 };
   #capabilities = {};
   #options;
   #resolvedLimits;
@@ -47254,10 +46937,36 @@ var Shell = class _Shell {
   #singleActiveOwner;
   #active;
   #warmedInvocation;
+  #parsedSourceCache = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  #getSourceParseCache(source) {
+    let entry = this.#parsedSourceCache.get(source);
+    if (!entry) {
+      if (this.#parsedSourceCache.size >= 64) {
+        const oldest = this.#parsedSourceCache.keys().next().value;
+        if (oldest !== void 0) this.#parsedSourceCache.delete(oldest);
+      }
+      entry = { byteLength: utf8ByteLength(source) };
+      this.#parsedSourceCache.set(source, entry);
+    }
+    return entry;
+  }
   constructor(options) {
     if (!options?.fs) throw new TypeError("Shell requires an explicit filesystem");
     if (options.deviceView !== void 0 && options.deviceView !== "default" && options.deviceView !== "provided") throw new TypeError("deviceView must be default or provided");
-    const commands = options.commands ?? new CommandRegistry();
+    const onRegister = (command) => {
+      this.#clearWarmedInvocation();
+      if (!builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(command.execute)) {
+        this.#hasCustomCommands = true;
+        customRegisteredCommands.add(command.execute);
+      }
+    };
+    const commands = options.commands ?? new class extends CommandRegistry {
+      register(command, options2) {
+        super.register(command, options2);
+        onRegister(command);
+        return this;
+      }
+    }();
     if (!(commands instanceof CommandRegistry)) throw new TypeError("CommandRegistry requires its matching shell runtime; do not mix source and compiled runtime modules");
     if (options.commands) {
       this.#hasCustomCommands = true;
@@ -47328,6 +47037,7 @@ var Shell = class _Shell {
   }
   register(command, options) {
     if (this.#disposed) throw new Error("Shell is disposed");
+    this.#clearWarmedInvocation();
     this.#hasCustomCommands = true;
     if (command && typeof command.execute === "function") customRegisteredCommands.add(command.execute);
     this.commands.register(command, options);
@@ -47378,76 +47088,15 @@ var Shell = class _Shell {
     void warm.stdin.close();
     warm.budget.close();
     void warm.scope.close();
+    warm.owner.finish({ kind: "return", value: void 0 });
     warm.cancellationState.close();
   }
   #isDefaultExecOptions(options, currentScope) {
     return options.signal === void 0 && options.limits === void 0 && options.onInternalError === void 0 && options.stdin === void 0 && options.stdout === void 0 && options.stderr === void 0 && options.env === void 0 && options.cwd === void 0 && options.state === void 0 && options.onState === void 0 && options.hooks === void 0 && options.capabilities === void 0 && options.admittedHandles === void 0 && options.processSignals === void 0 && options.fs === void 0 && !this.#hasCustomCommands && this.#middleware.length === 0 && (!this.#options.extensions || this.#options.extensions.length === 0) && this.#options.hooks === void 0 && !this.#hasInitialEnv && isSyncResolved(this.#ready) && (!this.#singleActiveScope || this.#singleActiveScope === currentScope) && !this.#active;
   }
-  static #enginePrewarmed = false;
-  async #prewarmIsolatedSandbox() {
-    if (_Shell.#enginePrewarmed) return;
-    _Shell.#enginePrewarmed = true;
-    await this.#ready;
-    if (!this.commands.get("rg") || !this.commands.get("jq") || !this.commands.get("awk")) {
-      _Shell.#enginePrewarmed = false;
-      return;
-    }
-    try {
-      const enc = new TextEncoder();
-      const dBytes = enc.encode(Array.from({ length: 120 }, (_, i) => `${i % 3 === 0 ? "alpha" : i % 3 === 1 ? "beta" : "gamma"}:val_${i * 17 % 97}:${i}
-`).join(""));
-      const jBytes = enc.encode(Array.from({ length: 60 }, (_, i) => `{"id":${i},"active":${i % 2 === 0},"score":${i * 7 % 100},"tag":"t_${i % 10}"}
-`).join(""));
-      const sandboxFs = new MemoryFileSystem();
-      await sandboxFs.writeFile("/data.txt", dBytes);
-      await sandboxFs.writeFile("/items.jsonl", jBytes);
-      for (let d = 0; d < 2; d++) {
-        await sandboxFs.mkdir(`/src/pkg_${d}`, { recursive: true });
-        for (let f = 0; f < 2; f++) {
-          await sandboxFs.writeFile(`/src/pkg_${d}/mod_${f}.ts`, enc.encode(Array.from({ length: 20 }, (_, l) => `export const v_${d}_${f}_${l} = "${(d + f + l) % 11 === 0 ? "NEEDLE_TOKEN" : "normal"}_${l}";
-`).join("")));
-        }
-      }
-      const fsScript = [
-        "mkdir -p /work/a /work/b",
-        ...Array.from({ length: 12 }, (_, i) => `echo "item_${i}" > /work/a/f_${i}.txt`),
-        ...Array.from({ length: 12 }, (_, i) => `echo "item_${i}" >> /work/b/f_${i}.txt`),
-        "rm -rf /work/b",
-        "find /work/a -name 'f_1*.txt' | wc -l"
-      ].join("\n");
-      const scripts = [
-        "grep '^alpha' /data.txt | cut -d: -f2 | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' | sort | head -n 5",
-        "rg -c NEEDLE_TOKEN /src",
-        "sed 's/^alpha:/ALPHA_REPLACED:/g; s/:val_/:VALUE_/g' /data.txt > /out.txt",
-        "awk -F: '/^alpha/ { sum += $3; cnt++ } END { print cnt, sum }' /data.txt",
-        "jq -c 'select(.active) | {id, score}' /items.jsonl > /filtered.jsonl",
-        fsScript,
-        "acc=0; i=0; for i in {1..80}; do acc=$((acc + i)); done; echo $acc",
-        'declare -a arr=(); declare -A map=(); fn() { local x="$1"; case "$x" in *0) return 0;; *) return 1;; esac; }; for ((i=0; i<40; i++)); do s="p_m_${i}_s_e"; a="${s#p_}"; b="${a%_e}"; c="${b//_/}"; arr+=("e_$i"); map["k_$i"]=$((i + ${#c})); if [[ "$s" =~ ^p_m_([0-9]+)_s_e$ ]]; then fn "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"; fi; done'
-      ];
-      const sandboxShell = new _Shell({ fs: sandboxFs });
-      for (const plugin of this.#plugins) {
-        sandboxShell.use(plugin);
-      }
-      for (const s of scripts) {
-        const isFs = s === fsScript;
-        const isSed = s.startsWith("sed ");
-        const isJq = s.startsWith("jq ");
-        for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-          if (isFs && i > 0) await sandboxFs.rm("/work", { recursive: true, force: true });
-          else if (isSed && i > 0) await sandboxFs.rm("/out.txt", { force: true });
-          else if (isJq && i > 0) await sandboxFs.rm("/filtered.jsonl", { force: true });
-          await sandboxShell.exec("");
-          await sandboxShell.exec(s);
-        }
-      }
-      sandboxShell.#clearWarmedInvocation();
-    } catch {
-    }
-  }
   exec(source, options = EMPTY_EXEC_OPTIONS) {
-    if (!this.#disposed && this.#warmedInvocation && typeof source === "string" && source.length <= 16384 && (options === EMPTY_EXEC_OPTIONS || this.#isDefaultExecOptions(options))) {
-      const sourceCache = getSourceParseCache(source);
+    if (!this.#disposed && this.#warmedInvocation && typeof source === "string" && source.length > 0 && source.length <= 16384 && (options === EMPTY_EXEC_OPTIONS || this.#isDefaultExecOptions(options))) {
+      const sourceCache = this.#getSourceParseCache(source);
       const firstCached = sourceCache?.first0;
       if (firstCached && (!firstCached.unit.script.warnings || firstCached.unit.script.warnings.length === 0)) {
         return this.#execWarmSyncOrFallback(source, options, sourceCache, firstCached);
@@ -47579,14 +47228,14 @@ var Shell = class _Shell {
               budget.signal.throwIfAborted();
               const vars = currentState.variables;
               const nextLocale = vars.LC_ALL || vars.LC_CTYPE || vars.LANG ? byteLocale(vars) : false;
-              if (currentCachedUnit && currentCachedUnit.locale === nextLocale && currentCachedUnit.nextCached !== void 0) {
+              if (!currentState.expand_aliases && currentCachedUnit && currentCachedUnit.locale === nextLocale && currentCachedUnit.nextCached !== void 0) {
                 currentCachedUnit = currentCachedUnit.nextCached;
                 budget.parsing.admit(currentCachedUnit.unitsCharged);
                 unit = currentCachedUnit.unit;
               } else {
                 parseState ??= { lineIndex: void 0, lineIndexUnits: 0, currentCachedUnit };
                 parseState.currentCachedUnit = currentCachedUnit;
-                unit = getOrParseUnitFromCache(source, unit.next, nextLocale, sourceCache, parseState, budget, void 0);
+                unit = getOrParseUnitFromCache(source, unit.next, nextLocale, sourceCache, parseState, budget, void 0, currentState.expand_aliases ? currentState.aliases : void 0);
                 currentCachedUnit = parseState.currentCachedUnit;
               }
               if (unit.script.warnings) {
@@ -47610,8 +47259,7 @@ var Shell = class _Shell {
           }
         } catch (error) {
           if (error instanceof ShellSyntaxError) {
-            await writeDiagnostic(io.stderr, `shell: ${error.message}
-`);
+            await writeDiagnostic(io.stderr, syntaxDiagnostic(source, error));
             exitCode = error.exitCode;
           } else {
             failed = true;
@@ -47746,18 +47394,6 @@ var Shell = class _Shell {
     }
     if (selection.outcome.kind === "throw") throw selection.outcome.reason;
     if (scope.hasFailures) throwCleanupFailures(scope.failures);
-    if (!warmSyncExecJitWarmed && source === "" && this.#warmedInvocation) {
-      warmSyncExecJitWarmed = true;
-      await this.#prewarmIsolatedSandbox();
-      for (let w = 0; w < 24; w++) {
-        globalThis.process?.memoryUsage?.();
-        performance.now();
-      }
-      for (let w = 0; w < 16; w++) {
-        await this.exec(":", EMPTY_EXEC_OPTIONS);
-        await this.#execAsync("", EMPTY_EXEC_OPTIONS);
-      }
-    }
     return selection.outcome.value;
   }
   async #execute(source, options, scope, budget, cancellation, cancellationState, owner, admission, warm) {
@@ -47803,18 +47439,10 @@ var Shell = class _Shell {
         const extensions = !rawExtensions || rawExtensions.length === 0 ? EMPTY_CAPTURED_EXTENSIONS : captureShellExtensions(rawExtensions);
         const locale = options.env === void 0 ? this.#initialLocale : !this.#hasInitialEnv ? byteLocale(options.env) : byteLocale({ ...this.#options.env, ...options.env });
         const canCacheParse = extensions === EMPTY_CAPTURED_EXTENSIONS && source.length <= 16384;
-        const sourceCache = canCacheParse ? getSourceParseCache(source) : void 0;
+        const sourceCache = canCacheParse ? this.#getSourceParseCache(source) : void 0;
         let parseState;
         let currentCachedUnit = sourceCache !== void 0 ? locale ? sourceCache.first1 : sourceCache.first0 : void 0;
         let unit;
-        if (currentCachedUnit) {
-          budget.parsing.admit(currentCachedUnit.unitsCharged);
-          unit = currentCachedUnit.unit;
-        } else {
-          parseState = { lineIndex: void 0, lineIndexUnits: 0, currentCachedUnit: void 0 };
-          unit = getOrParseUnitFromCache(source, 0, locale, sourceCache, parseState, budget, extensions.syntax);
-          currentCachedUnit = parseState.currentCachedUnit;
-        }
         let currentState;
         if (warm) {
           currentState = warm.currentState;
@@ -47861,6 +47489,7 @@ var Shell = class _Shell {
             exported,
             extensionState(extensions.definitions, void 0, void 0, defaultPortableTrapExtension)
           );
+          currentState.processSubstitutionIds = this.#processSubstitutionIds;
           state = currentState;
           const beforeExecHook = options.hooks?.beforeExec ?? this.#options.hooks?.beforeExec;
           const restoredSnapshot = options.state ?? (beforeExecHook ? await beforeExecHook({ source, options }) : void 0);
@@ -47908,6 +47537,15 @@ var Shell = class _Shell {
           );
           scope.registerFinalizer(runtime.releaseAnchorResources.bind(runtime));
         }
+        const aliases = currentState.expand_aliases ? currentState.aliases : void 0;
+        if (currentCachedUnit && !aliases?.size) {
+          budget.parsing.admit(currentCachedUnit.unitsCharged);
+          unit = currentCachedUnit.unit;
+        } else {
+          parseState = { lineIndex: void 0, lineIndexUnits: 0, currentCachedUnit: void 0 };
+          unit = getOrParseUnitFromCache(source, 0, byteLocale(currentState.variables), sourceCache, parseState, budget, extensions.syntax, aliases);
+          currentCachedUnit = parseState.currentCachedUnit;
+        }
         exitCode = 0;
         while (true) {
           if (unit.script.warnings) {
@@ -47925,34 +47563,20 @@ var Shell = class _Shell {
           budget.signal.throwIfAborted();
           const vars = currentState.variables;
           const nextLocale = vars.LC_ALL || vars.LC_CTYPE || vars.LANG ? byteLocale(vars) : false;
-          if (currentCachedUnit && currentCachedUnit.locale === nextLocale && currentCachedUnit.nextCached !== void 0) {
+          if (!currentState.expand_aliases && currentCachedUnit && currentCachedUnit.locale === nextLocale && currentCachedUnit.nextCached !== void 0) {
             currentCachedUnit = currentCachedUnit.nextCached;
             budget.parsing.admit(currentCachedUnit.unitsCharged);
             unit = currentCachedUnit.unit;
           } else {
             parseState ??= { lineIndex: void 0, lineIndexUnits: 0, currentCachedUnit };
             parseState.currentCachedUnit = currentCachedUnit;
-            unit = getOrParseUnitFromCache(source, unit.next, nextLocale, sourceCache, parseState, budget, extensions.syntax);
+            unit = getOrParseUnitFromCache(source, unit.next, nextLocale, sourceCache, parseState, budget, extensions.syntax, currentState.expand_aliases ? currentState.aliases : void 0);
             currentCachedUnit = parseState.currentCachedUnit;
           }
         }
       } catch (error) {
         if (!(error instanceof ShellSyntaxError)) throw error;
-        const line = source.slice(0, error.offset).split("\n").length;
-        if (error.unclosedQuote) {
-          await writeDiagnostic(io.stderr, `shell: -c: line ${error.unclosedQuote.line}: unexpected EOF while looking for matching \`${error.unclosedQuote.quote}'
-`);
-        } else if (error.exitCode === 127) {
-          const token = /^[;&|()<>]|^[^\s;&|()<>]+/u.exec(source.slice(error.offset))?.[0] ?? "newline";
-          await writeDiagnostic(io.stderr, `shell: -c: line ${line}: syntax error near unexpected token \`${token}'
-shell: -c: line ${line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
-`);
-        } else if (error.offset >= source.length && !/Unterminated|nesting|Unsupported/u.test(error.reason)) {
-          const context = error.incompleteCommand ? ` from \`${error.incompleteCommand.name}' command on line ${error.incompleteCommand.line}` : "";
-          await writeDiagnostic(io.stderr, `shell: -c: line ${source.split("\n").length + Number(!source.endsWith("\n"))}: syntax error: unexpected end of file${context}
-`);
-        } else await writeDiagnostic(io.stderr, `shell: ${error.message}
-`);
+        await writeDiagnostic(io.stderr, syntaxDiagnostic(source, error));
         exitCode = error.exitCode;
       }
       if (runtime && state && !runtime.tryFinishShellSync(state)) {
@@ -47963,7 +47587,9 @@ shell: -c: line ${line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       if (budget.hasExecutionCleanup) budget.executionCleanup.abort(error);
       throw error;
     } finally {
-      if (source === "" && !warm && !failed && !this.#warmedInvocation && !budget.hasExecutionCleanup && !scope.hasFailures && !budget.signal.aborted && stdin && runtime && // Host runtimes own native signals tied to the current Worker request.
+      if (source === "" && !failed && // A retained invocation keeps its parse admissions and clock origins.
+      // Bounded executions must create their own budget and deadline instead.
+      budget.limits.maxParseUnits === Infinity && budget.limits.maxCpuMs === Infinity && budget.limits.maxWallClockMs === Infinity && !this.#warmedInvocation && !budget.hasExecutionCleanup && !scope.hasFailures && !budget.signal.aborted && stdin && runtime && // Host runtimes own native signals tied to the current Worker request.
       // Only the direct memory path can retain an invocation for a later call.
       runtime._isMemoryBackingFs && state && this.#isDefaultExecOptions(options, scope)) {
         if (state.extensions) {
@@ -48056,6 +47682,7 @@ shell: -c: line ${line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
   dispose() {
     if (this.#disposal) return this.#disposal;
     this.#disposed = true;
+    this.#parsedSourceCache.clear();
     Runtime.clearStaticPools();
     clearAwkReaderPool();
     clearRgFastRunnerPool();
@@ -48092,27 +47719,9 @@ shell: -c: line ${line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
 };
 
 export {
-  createMemoryFileSystem,
-  defaultMemoryFileSystemLimits,
-  MemoryFileSystem,
   ShellSyntaxError,
   ShellLimitError,
   parseShell,
-  createCsvcutCommand,
-  createCsvcutCommands,
-  csvcutCommands,
-  createCsvgrepCommand,
-  createCsvgrepCommands,
-  csvgrepCommands,
-  createHtmlqCommand,
-  createHtmlqCommands,
-  htmlqCommands,
-  createUnrtfCommand,
-  createUnrtfCommands,
-  unrtfCommands,
-  createDiff3Command,
-  createDiff3Commands,
-  diff3Commands,
   createSearchCommands,
   searchCommands,
   evalSyncRg,