@poe-platform/safe-bash 0.1.800 → 0.1.802

package/dist/safe-bash/chunks/{chunk-RMWLWH7Q.js → chunk-SHEMU2Z7.js}

@@ -1,42 +1,16 @@
 import {
   evalSyncYqPrep,
   formatSyncYqYamlLines
-} from "./chunk-7YSRXFEG.js";
+} from "./chunk-TFIBK2GI.js";
 import {
   captureIgnoredTrapSignals,
   defaultPortableTrapExtension,
   isIdlePortableTrapInstance
-} from "./chunk-LUOFIVNI.js";
+} from "./chunk-3NDIFSNM.js";
 import {
-  abortManagedController,
-  addAbortSignalWaiter,
   bindFileOutputBudget,
   clearRgFastRunnerPool,
-  combineManagedSignals,
-  createBcCommands,
-  createCalCommands,
-  createDdCommands,
-  createDfCommands,
-  createEnvsubstCommands,
-  createFdCommands,
   createFmtEngine,
-  createGetconfCommands,
-  createHostnameCommands,
-  createIdCommands,
-  createLessCommands,
-  createLocaleCommands,
-  createManagedControlController,
-  createNprocCommands,
-  createNumfmtCommands,
-  createPathchkCommands,
-  createShufCommands,
-  createSpongeCommands,
-  createSqlite3Commands,
-  createStreamFormatCommands,
-  createStreamInspectionCommands,
-  createUnameCommands,
-  createWhoamiCommands,
-  creationUmask,
   defaultEchoExecutors,
   defaultMkdirExecutors,
   defaultPredicateExecutors,
@@ -45,79 +19,55 @@ import {
   evalSyncChecksum,
   evalSyncCmp,
   evalSyncCompression,
-  evalSyncDate,
   evalSyncDf,
   evalSyncDiff,
-  evalSyncDu,
   evalSyncEnv,
   evalSyncFd,
-  evalSyncFile,
   evalSyncFind,
-  evalSyncHtmlToMarkdown,
   evalSyncLess,
   evalSyncLs,
   evalSyncPathchk,
-  evalSyncPrintenv,
   evalSyncReadlink,
   evalSyncRealpath,
-  evalSyncStat,
-  evalSyncTar,
-  evalSyncTree,
-  evalSyncUnzip,
   evalSyncWhich,
   evalSyncXargs,
-  evalSyncZip,
   evaluateFilePredicate,
   executionCommands,
   extractFastPrintfSpecifiers,
   formatPrintf,
-  getRuntimeBackingFileSystem,
-  gnuInformationSync,
-  interruptible,
-  isManagedAbortSignal,
-  isSyncResolved,
   openFileOutput,
   parseFmtArguments,
-  preverifyMemoryRgTree,
   printfCommand,
-  registerManagedAbortSignal,
-  removeAbortSignalWaiter,
   tryFastEcho,
   tryFastPredicate,
   tryFastPrintf,
   variablePresence,
   wcDisplayWidth
-} from "./chunk-K4YMYFRJ.js";
+} from "./chunk-44ALJ4QG.js";
 import {
   evalSyncGetopt
-} from "./chunk-3L3T6LYV.js";
+} from "./chunk-AUSNDQTJ.js";
 import {
   evalSyncIconv
-} from "./chunk-H6JW3E4F.js";
+} from "./chunk-CTVWDACF.js";
 import {
   evalSyncLineEndings
-} from "./chunk-4SEW2Q6H.js";
+} from "./chunk-3R3AANOR.js";
 import {
   evalSyncMdq
-} from "./chunk-PPYM75Z3.js";
+} from "./chunk-OV6IHKO6.js";
 import {
   evalSyncXmllint,
   evalSyncXq
-} from "./chunk-K7IQZE7D.js";
+} from "./chunk-C5OWC2TL.js";
 import {
   PublicDiagnostic,
   publicDiagnosticMessage,
   writeDiagnostic
-} from "./chunk-TYD7EVUJ.js";
-import {
-  bytesToHex,
-  compareUtf8,
-  latin1Bytes,
-  latin1Text
-} from "./chunk-BHJE5LPZ.js";
+} from "./chunk-PH63PLPZ.js";
 import {
   evalSyncPr
-} from "./chunk-F3RV2F72.js";
+} from "./chunk-CHYGPFVM.js";
 import {
   EreLedger,
   EreProfileLimitError,
@@ -127,10 +77,10 @@ import {
   matchEre,
   tryCompileEreSync,
   tryMatchEreSync
-} from "./chunk-XB3B7KMM.js";
+} from "./chunk-6O77NL2S.js";
 import {
   jobsExtension
-} from "./chunk-QVSRRNZT.js";
+} from "./chunk-BJA5XNP6.js";
 import {
   concatShellValues,
   shellValueByteLength,
@@ -138,14 +88,54 @@ import {
   shellValueFromBytes,
   shellValueRetainedBytes,
   shellValueText
-} from "./chunk-I4OAEOP6.js";
+} from "./chunk-J42RIHHJ.js";
 import {
   openCommandFile
-} from "./chunk-KCVSVD65.js";
+} from "./chunk-I5HZ4FGE.js";
+import {
+  CommandRegistry,
+  commandRuntimeIdentity,
+  createCommandArguments,
+  getCommandArguments,
+  validateExitCode
+} from "./chunk-7R5BDCG7.js";
+import {
+  evalSyncTree
+} from "./chunk-55YJASTN.js";
+import {
+  evalSyncFile
+} from "./chunk-4BSJLKNM.js";
+import {
+  evalSyncHtmlToMarkdown
+} from "./chunk-DQP3VHSB.js";
+import {
+  evalSyncDu
+} from "./chunk-GEG3BWGE.js";
+import {
+  abortManagedController,
+  addAbortSignalWaiter,
+  combineManagedSignals,
+  createManagedControlController,
+  creationUmask,
+  evalSyncStat,
+  getRuntimeBackingFileSystem,
+  gnuInformationSync,
+  interruptible,
+  isManagedAbortSignal,
+  isSyncResolved,
+  registerManagedAbortSignal,
+  removeAbortSignalWaiter
+} from "./chunk-VSAJ4OTM.js";
+import {
+  bytesToHex,
+  compareUtf8,
+  latin1Bytes,
+  latin1Text
+} from "./chunk-D3ANYGMC.js";
 import {
   FsError,
   isFsError
-} from "./chunk-46UISJCK.js";
+} from "./chunk-VTH3MLDU.js";
 import {
   basename,
   cancelTurn,
@@ -160,7 +150,7 @@ import {
   runYieldCheckpoint,
   scheduleTurn,
   yieldTurn
-} from "./chunk-VYZTG3GV.js";
+} from "./chunk-NZQXYWA3.js";
 import {
   createBytePipe,
   outputFailure,
@@ -168,14 +158,16 @@ import {
   toByteSource,
   writeBytes,
   writeText
-} from "./chunk-PYVEAFJM.js";
+} from "./chunk-74GHTNJA.js";
 import {
-  CommandRegistry,
-  commandRuntimeIdentity,
-  createCommandArguments,
-  getCommandArguments,
-  validateExitCode
-} from "./chunk-LQHGH25W.js";
+  evalSyncTar,
+  evalSyncUnzip,
+  evalSyncZip
+} from "./chunk-QGUV42T5.js";
+import {
+  evalSyncDate,
+  evalSyncPrintenv
+} from "./chunk-ZVD5IS4V.js";
 import {
   RESOLVED_EXIT_ONE,
   RESOLVED_EXIT_ZERO,
@@ -185,10 +177,10 @@ import {
   registerDefaultExecutor,
   registerDefaultExecutors,
   syncCommandEvaluators
-} from "./chunk-NLAW7KDI.js";
+} from "./chunk-E7OYNDGL.js";
 import {
   init_platform
-} from "./chunk-YG5WAHK7.js";
+} from "./chunk-B7TAL7S5.js";
 
 // packages/safe-bash/src/fs/memory/index.ts
 init_platform();
@@ -2390,6 +2382,7 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
     const unprinted = this.unprintedWords;
     const parts = [];
     let parentheses = 0;
+    let brackets = 0;
     let conditionals = 0;
     let patternParentheses = 0;
     let regexBracket = false;
@@ -2455,7 +2448,10 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
         } else if (current === ")" && patternParentheses > 0) patternParentheses--;
         else if (/[()<>]/u.test(current) || patternParentheses === 0 && (this.source.startsWith("&&", this.position) || this.source.startsWith("||", this.position))) break;
       } else if (terminator) {
-        if (terminator.includes(current) && (!arithmetic || current !== ":" || parentheses === 0 && conditionals === 0)) break;
+        if (terminator.includes("]") && current === "[") {
+          if (++brackets > this.budget.maxSyntaxDepth) this.error(`Subscript syntax nesting exceeds ${this.budget.maxSyntaxDepth}`);
+        } else if (current === "]" && brackets > 0) brackets--;
+        else if (terminator.includes(current) && (!arithmetic || current !== ":" || parentheses === 0 && conditionals === 0)) break;
       } else if (!this.braceReplay) {
         if (!enclosingQuoted && !literal && current === "(" && (patternParentheses > 0 || this.position > offset && "?*+@!".includes(this.source[this.position - 1] ?? " ") && (this.position - 1 === offset || this.source[this.position - 2] !== "\\") && !(this.source[this.position + 1] === ")" && /^\(\)\s*(?:\{|\(|if\b|case\b|while\b|until\b|for\b|select\b|\[\[)/u.test(this.source.slice(this.position))) && this.hasClosingExtglobParen(this.position))) {
           if (++patternParentheses > this.budget.maxSyntaxDepth) this.error(`Syntax nesting exceeds ${this.budget.maxSyntaxDepth}`);
@@ -7619,7 +7615,7 @@ function tryFastExpandBraceRange(word, budget, reserveBytes) {
   for (let i = 0; i < text3.length; i++) {
     if (i === open || i === close) continue;
     const c = text3.charCodeAt(i);
-    if (c === 123 || c === 125 || c === 44 || c === 92 || c === 126 || c === 42 || c === 63 || c === 91 || c === 32 || c === 9 || c === 10) {
+    if (c === 123 || c === 125 || c === 44 || c === 92 || c === 126 || c === 40 || c === 42 || c === 63 || c === 91 || c === 32 || c === 9 || c === 10) {
       braceRangeWordCache.set(word, null);
       return void 0;
     }
@@ -11103,7 +11099,10 @@ var controlNames = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
   "REPLY",
   "LANG",
   "LC_ALL",
-  "LC_CTYPE"
+  "LC_CTYPE",
+  "RANDOM",
+  "SECONDS",
+  "LINENO"
 ]);
 var OwnedText = class {
   constructor(shellValue, bytes, admission) {
@@ -11727,6 +11726,30 @@ var BindingStore = class _BindingStore {
   }
 };
 
+// packages/safe-bash/src/shell/dynamic-variables.ts
+init_platform();
+function writeDynamicVariable(state, name2, value) {
+  if (name2 !== "RANDOM" && name2 !== "SECONDS") return;
+  const number2 = Number.parseInt(value, 10) || 0;
+  if (name2 === "RANDOM" && !state.randomDisabled) {
+    state.randomSeed = (number2 >>> 0) % 2147483647 || 1;
+  } else if (name2 === "SECONDS" && !state.secondsDisabled) {
+    state.secondsOrigin = Date.now() - number2 * 1e3;
+  }
+}
+function readDynamicVariable(state, name2) {
+  if (name2 === "RANDOM" && !state.randomDisabled) {
+    const seed = (state.randomSeed ?? 1) * 16807 % 2147483647;
+    state.randomSeed = seed;
+    return String((seed ^ seed >>> 16) & 32767);
+  }
+  if (name2 === "SECONDS" && !state.secondsDisabled) {
+    state.secondsOrigin ??= Date.now();
+    return String(Math.floor((Date.now() - state.secondsOrigin) / 1e3));
+  }
+  return void 0;
+}
+
 // packages/safe-bash/src/shell/mapfile.ts
 init_platform();
 var MapfileUsageError = class extends Error {
@@ -12302,6 +12325,7 @@ var StateMonitor = class {
   publishStringVariable(name2, value) {
     const tickets = this.mutation(name2);
     this.values.publishString(name2, value, this.raw.variables);
+    writeDynamicVariable(this.raw, name2, value);
     this.finish(tickets, name2);
   }
   publish(tickets, name2, action) {
@@ -12472,6 +12496,7 @@ var StateProxyHandler = class {
     const name2 = this.named ? String(key) : void 0;
     const tickets = this.monitor.mutation(name2);
     const result = Reflect.set(target, key, entry);
+    if (result && this.field === "variables" && typeof key === "string" && typeof entry === "string") writeDynamicVariable(this.monitor.raw, key, entry);
     if (result) this.monitor.changedValue(target, this.field, key);
     this.monitor.finish(tickets, name2);
     return result;
@@ -14062,8 +14087,6 @@ Object.assign(Budget2.prototype, {
   _hasExternalSignal: false
 });
 var EMPTY_CAPTURE_BYTES = new Uint8Array(0);
-var sharedCaptureStdoutScratch = new Uint8Array(65536);
-var sharedCaptureStderrScratch = new Uint8Array(65536);
 var Capture = class {
   constructor(budget, signal) {
     this._chunks = void 0;
@@ -14077,8 +14100,8 @@ var Capture = class {
     this.signal = signal;
     this.file = void 0;
   }
-  enableScratchBuffer(isStderr = false) {
-    this._scratch4k ??= isStderr ? sharedCaptureStderrScratch : sharedCaptureStdoutScratch;
+  enableScratchBuffer() {
+    this._scratch4k ??= new Uint8Array(65536);
   }
   get self() {
     return this;
@@ -15403,6 +15426,7 @@ function publishVariable(state, name2, value) {
     return;
   }
   state.variables[name2] = shellValueText(value);
+  writeDynamicVariable(state, name2, shellValueText(value));
 }
 function tryRestoreVariableSync(state, name2, saved) {
   if (typedSavedVariables.has(saved)) return false;
@@ -16140,11 +16164,6 @@ function hasGlobOrEscape(text3, extglob = false) {
   return false;
 }
 var nextProcessSubstitutionId = 0;
-var defaultRuntimeMuscleMemoryMap;
-function getRuntimeMuscleMemoryCommand(name2) {
-  defaultRuntimeMuscleMemoryMap ??= new Map([...createStreamFormatCommands(), ...createStreamInspectionCommands(), ...createBcCommands(), ...createSpongeCommands(), ...createFdCommands(), ...createLessCommands(), ...createIdCommands(), ...createWhoamiCommands(), ...createUnameCommands(), ...createHostnameCommands(), ...createNprocCommands(), ...createShufCommands(), ...createDdCommands(), ...createNumfmtCommands(), ...createEnvsubstCommands(), ...createCalCommands(), ...createPathchkCommands(), ...createGetconfCommands(), ...createLocaleCommands(), ...createDfCommands(), ...createSqlite3Commands()].map((cmd) => [cmd.name, cmd]));
-  return defaultRuntimeMuscleMemoryMap.get(name2);
-}
 var fastSubScratchArgs = [];
 var defaultValueScopeReserve = ValueScope.prototype.reserve;
 var defaultStringCodePointAt = String.prototype.codePointAt;
@@ -16220,16 +16239,8 @@ var SYNC_UNIT_ZERO = Object.freeze({ exitCode: 0, terminated: false });
 var SYNC_UNIT_ONE = Object.freeze({ exitCode: 1, terminated: false });
 var EMPTY_BYTES = new Uint8Array(0);
 var SYNC_PIPE_DONE_RESULT = Object.freeze({ done: true, value: void 0 });
-var sharedSyncPipeBuf0 = new Uint8Array(65536);
-var sharedSyncPipeBuf1 = new Uint8Array(65536);
 var sharedSyncPipeDecoder = new TextDecoder("utf-8", { ignoreBOM: true });
 var syncPurePipelineSlotInUse = false;
-var lastPurePipeAst;
-var lastPurePipeSrcRefs = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakSet();
-var lastPurePipeSlice1 = "";
-var lastPurePipeRegistry;
-var lastPurePipeOutBuf = new Uint8Array(256);
-var lastPurePipeOutLen = 0;
 function isSimpleAsciiGrepPattern(pat) {
   const start = pat.length >= 2 && pat.charCodeAt(0) === 94 ? 1 : 0;
   if (start >= pat.length) return false;
@@ -17431,6 +17442,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     if (dereference) name2 = this.referenceName(state, name2);
     if (state.readonlyVariables?.has(name2)) throw new PublicDiagnostic(`${name2}: readonly variable`);
     delete state.variables[name2];
+    if (name2 === "RANDOM") state.randomDisabled = true;
+    if (name2 === "SECONDS") state.secondsDisabled = true;
     state.exported.delete(name2);
     state.variableAttributes?.delete(name2);
     if (name2 === "OPTIND" && !internal) this.syncGetopts(state);
@@ -17630,7 +17643,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         return true;
       case "name": {
         const effName = resolveSyncNameref(state, tree.name);
-        if (effName === "OPTIND" || effName === "PIPESTATUS") return false;
+        if (effName === "OPTIND" || effName === "PIPESTATUS" || effName === "RANDOM" || effName === "SECONDS") return false;
         const monitor = stateMonitor(state);
         if (monitor?.hasOverlay(effName) || monitor?.store?.watches.has(effName)) return false;
         if (tree.subscript !== void 0) {
@@ -17714,6 +17727,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     return true;
   }
   tryBuildSyncPatternWord(word, rawState, io, diagnosticLine) {
+    if (word.plain !== void 0) return word.plain.startsWith("~") ? void 0 : word.plain;
     if (word.parts.length === 0) return void 0;
     let out = "";
     for (let i = 0; i < word.parts.length; i++) {
@@ -17876,7 +17890,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         this.signal.throwIfAborted();
         const name2 = typeof key === "string" ? this.referenceName(state, key) : key;
         if (arrayStore(state)?.get(String(name2))) throw new ArrayFailure("indexed arithmetic is unsupported");
-        const value = Reflect.get(target, name2) ?? (name2 === "LINENO" ? String(line ?? 1) : name2 === "_" ? state.lastArgument ?? "" : name2 === "FUNCNAME" ? state.functionNames?.[0] : void 0);
+        const value = (typeof name2 === "string" && (name2 === "RANDOM" || name2 === "SECONDS") ? this.variable(state, name2) : Reflect.get(target, name2)) ?? (name2 === "LINENO" ? String(line ?? 1) : name2 === "_" ? state.lastArgument ?? "" : name2 === "FUNCNAME" ? state.functionNames?.[0] : void 0);
         if (state.nounset && typeof key === "string" && value === void 0) throw new NounsetFailure(`${key}: unbound variable`, line);
         return value;
       },
@@ -17913,6 +17927,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
   }
   variable(state, name2) {
     name2 = this.referenceName(state, name2);
+    if (name2 === "RANDOM" || name2 === "SECONDS") return readDynamicVariable(stateMonitor(state)?.raw ?? state, name2) ?? state.variables[name2];
     const binding = arrayStore(state)?.get(name2);
     if (binding) return binding.get(binding.associative ? binding.keys.get("30")?.index ?? -1 : 0);
     if (name2 === "DIRSTACK") return state.cwd;
@@ -18672,7 +18687,9 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           if (entry.value.parts.length > 0) {
             try {
               val = this.fastValueWord(entry.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, entry.index === void 0 ? void 0 : 0, diagnosticLine);
-            } catch {
+            } catch (error) {
+              this.signal.throwIfAborted();
+              if (error instanceof ShellLimitError) throw error;
               return false;
             }
           }
@@ -18742,7 +18759,9 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               let unsplit;
               try {
                 unsplit = this.fastValueWord(entry.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, diagnosticLine);
-              } catch {
+              } catch (error) {
+                this.signal.throwIfAborted();
+                if (error instanceof ShellLimitError) throw error;
                 return false;
               }
               if (typeof unsplit !== "string" || hasGlobOrEscape(unsplit, !!rawState.extglob)) return false;
@@ -18763,7 +18782,9 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           if (entry.value.parts.length > 0) {
             try {
               val = this.fastValueWord(entry.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, entry.index === void 0 ? void 0 : 0, diagnosticLine);
-            } catch {
+            } catch (error) {
+              this.signal.throwIfAborted();
+              if (error instanceof ShellLimitError) throw error;
               return false;
             }
           }
@@ -18845,7 +18866,9 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         let val;
         try {
           val = this.fastValueWord(assignment.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, diagnosticLine);
-        } catch {
+        } catch (error) {
+          this.signal.throwIfAborted();
+          if (error instanceof ShellLimitError) throw error;
           return false;
         }
         if (typeof val !== "string") return false;
@@ -18873,7 +18896,9 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         keyVal = this.fastValueWord(word, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, diagnosticLine);
         if (typeof keyVal !== "string" || keyVal.length === 0) return false;
         val = this.fastValueWord(assignment.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, diagnosticLine);
-      } catch {
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.signal.throwIfAborted();
+        if (error instanceof ShellLimitError) throw error;
         return false;
       }
       if (typeof val !== "string") return false;
@@ -18976,11 +19001,10 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     const holding = store.owner.hold();
     let staged;
     try {
-      const watch = await store.watch(name2, operation2, this.signal);
-      const current = store.get(name2);
+      let current = store.get(name2);
       if (associative !== void 0 && current && current.associative !== associative) throw new ArrayFailure("cannot convert array kind");
       const isAssociative = associative ?? current?.associative;
-      const initialMaximum = current?.maximum ?? (state.variables[name2] === void 0 ? -1 : 0);
+      let initialMaximum = current?.maximum ?? (state.variables[name2] === void 0 ? -1 : 0);
       let selectedIndex;
       let planned = assignment.append && assignment.kind === "compound" ? initialMaximum + 1 : 0;
       if (assignment.kind === "element") {
@@ -19005,6 +19029,31 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         }
         await operation2.ledger.checkpoint(this.signal, entry.value.parts.length + 2);
       }
+      const expandedEntries = [];
+      let elementFields;
+      if (assignment.kind === "element") {
+        elementFields = await this.valueWord(assignment.value, state, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, false, false, 0);
+      } else for (const entry of assignment.entries) {
+        const original = compoundEntryWords.get(entry);
+        let expandedEntry = false;
+        if (entry.index && original && state.braceexpand !== false && original.parts.some((part) => part.kind === "text" && !part.quoted && part.value.includes("{"))) {
+          for await (const expanded of expandBraces(original, this.budget, this.signal)) {
+            if (expanded === original) break;
+            expandedEntry = true;
+            const fields2 = await this.valueWord(expanded, state, io, true, false, false, false, void 0, false, false);
+            operation2.reserve({ metadata: 32, slots: 1, work: 1 });
+            expandedEntries.push({ entry: { value: expanded }, fields: fields2 });
+          }
+        }
+        if (expandedEntry) continue;
+        const fields = await this.valueWord(entry.value, state, io, entry.index === void 0, false, false, false, void 0, false, entry.index === void 0, entry.index === void 0 ? void 0 : 0);
+        operation2.reserve({ metadata: 32, slots: 1, work: 1 });
+        expandedEntries.push({ entry, fields });
+      }
+      current = store.get(name2);
+      initialMaximum = current?.maximum ?? (state.variables[name2] === void 0 ? -1 : 0);
+      this.assertArrayWritable(state, name2, origin);
+      const watch = await store.watch(name2, operation2, this.signal);
       const supersede = await stateMonitor(state).prepareTypedPublication(name2, operation2, this.signal);
       await this.prepareArrayObservers(state, operation2);
       const tickets = operation2.reserve({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 });
@@ -19079,7 +19128,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             if (stagedKey.pendingKey) pendingKeys.push(stagedKey.pendingKey);
             index = stagedKey.index;
           } else index = await this.arrayIndex(targetBinding, assignment.index, state, io, operation2, true);
-          const value = await join(await this.valueWord(assignment.value, state, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, false, false, 0));
+          const value = await join(elementFields);
           if (!current && state.variables[name2] !== void 0 && (index !== 0 || assignment.append)) {
             const scalar2 = stateMonitor(state)?.values.get(name2, state.variables[name2]) ?? state.variables[name2];
             const token = await valueToken(targetBinding.owner, scalar2, this.signal);
@@ -19091,23 +19140,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             }
           }
           await insert(index, value, assignment.append);
-        } else for (const entry of assignment.entries) {
-          const original = compoundEntryWords.get(entry);
-          if (entry.index && original && state.braceexpand !== false && original.parts.some((part) => part.kind === "text" && !part.quoted && part.value.includes("{"))) {
-            let expandedEntry = false;
-            for await (const expanded of expandBraces(original, this.budget, this.signal)) {
-              if (expanded === original) break;
-              expandedEntry = true;
-              const values = await this.valueWord(expanded, state, io, true, false, false, false, void 0, false, false);
-              for (const value of values) {
-                await insert(cursor, value);
-                cursor++;
-              }
-            }
-            if (expandedEntry) continue;
-          }
+        } else for (const { entry, fields } of expandedEntries) {
           const index = entry.index ? await this.arrayIndex(targetBinding, entry.index, state, io, operation2, true) : void 0;
-          const fields = await this.valueWord(entry.value, state, io, entry.index === void 0, false, false, false, void 0, false, entry.index === void 0, entry.index === void 0 ? void 0 : 0);
           if (index !== void 0) {
             const value = await join(fields);
             await insert(index, value, entry.append);
@@ -19970,260 +20004,6 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       }
     }
   }
-  tryRunFastConstEchoBatch(entryCachedUnit, sourceLength, state, io) {
-    if (state.noexec) return void 0;
-    let leadingMkdirUnit;
-    let leadingMkdirPaths;
-    let firstCachedUnit = entryCachedUnit;
-    let firstCc = firstCachedUnit.unit.script._fastConstEcho;
-    if (!firstCc) {
-      const nextU = entryCachedUnit.nextCached;
-      if (!nextU || entryCachedUnit.locale !== false || nextU.locale !== false || entryCachedUnit.unit.script.warnings && entryCachedUnit.unit.script.warnings.length > 0) return void 0;
-      firstCc = nextU.unit.script._fastConstEcho;
-      if (!firstCc) return void 0;
-      const mScript = entryCachedUnit.unit.script;
-      let mPaths = mScript._cachedMkdirPPaths;
-      if (mPaths === void 0) {
-        mPaths = null;
-        if (mScript.lists.length === 1 && !mScript.lists[0].terminator && mScript.lists[0].pipelines.length === 1 && !mScript.lists[0].pipelines[0].negate && mScript.lists[0].pipelines[0].commands.length === 1) {
-          const mCmd = mScript.lists[0].pipelines[0].commands[0];
-          if (mCmd.kind === "simple" && mCmd.redirects.length === 0 && mCmd.words.length >= 3 && mCmd.words[0].plain === "mkdir" && mCmd.words[1].plain === "-p") {
-            const arr = [];
-            let ok = true;
-            for (let wi = 2; wi < mCmd.words.length; wi++) {
-              const wp = mCmd.words[wi].plain;
-              if (!wp || !isCleanAbsolutePath(wp) || wp === "/" || wp === "/dev" || wp.startsWith("/dev/")) {
-                ok = false;
-                break;
-              }
-              arr.push(wp);
-            }
-            if (ok) mPaths = arr;
-          }
-        }
-        mScript._cachedMkdirPPaths = mPaths;
-      }
-      if (!mPaths) return void 0;
-      leadingMkdirUnit = entryCachedUnit;
-      leadingMkdirPaths = mPaths;
-      firstCachedUnit = nextU;
-    }
-    if (this.middleware.length > 0 || io.terminal !== void 0 || io.asyncDefaultInput !== void 0 || io.admittedHandles !== void 0 || this._fileWrites !== void 0 && this._fileWrites.size > 0 || !this._isMemoryBackingFs || !this.backingFs || !this.budget.canRedirect1 || !this.budget.hasInfiniteFsOps || io.descriptors && (io.descriptors.size > 3 || io.descriptors.get(0)?.closed || io.descriptors.get(1)?.closed || io.descriptors.get(2)?.closed)) {
-      return void 0;
-    }
-    const monitor = ensureStateMonitor(state, this.budget, io[invocationScope]);
-    const rawState = monitor.raw;
-    if (!this.tryStartExtensionsSync(state) || hasActiveExtensions(rawState) || rawState.externalInvocation || hasActiveVariableAttributes(rawState) || guestArrays(state) || rawState.noclobber || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has("PIPESTATUS") || hasShellFunction(rawState, "echo") || rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("echo")) {
-      return void 0;
-    }
-    const def = this.commands.get("echo");
-    if (!def || !defaultEchoExecutors.has(def.execute)) return void 0;
-    const store = monitor.store;
-    const existing = store?.get("PIPESTATUS");
-    const psTarget = existing ? "indexed" : pipelineStatusTarget(rawState);
-    if (psTarget !== "indexed" && psTarget !== "absent" || store?.watches.has("PIPESTATUS") || monitor.hasOverlay("PIPESTATUS")) return void 0;
-    if (existing && (existing.associative || existing.values.size !== 1 || existing.maximum !== 0)) return void 0;
-    const elem0 = existing?.values.get(0);
-    if (existing && (!elem0 || elem0.text.bytes !== 1 || existing.references !== 1 || elem0.text.references !== 1)) return void 0;
-    const byteLength0 = firstCc.encoded.byteLength;
-    if (this.budget.bytes + byteLength0 > this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi && byteLength0 > this.budget.limits.maxOutputBytes - this.budget.bytes || !this.budget.canFileSystemOperation() || this.budget.commands + 1 > this.budget.maxCommandsSmi && this.budget.commands + 1 > this.budget.limits.maxCommands) {
-      return void 0;
-    }
-    const umask = rawState.umask ?? 18;
-    if (leadingMkdirUnit !== void 0 && leadingMkdirPaths !== void 0) {
-      if ((umask & 192) !== 0 || this._outputFiles !== void 0 && this._outputFiles.size > 0 || hasShellFunction(rawState, "mkdir") || rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("mkdir")) return void 0;
-      const mkdirDef = this.commands.get("mkdir");
-      if (!mkdirDef || !defaultMkdirExecutors.has(mkdirDef.execute)) return void 0;
-      const dirMode = 511 & ~umask;
-      try {
-        for (let mi = 0; mi < leadingMkdirPaths.length; mi++) {
-          const mp = leadingMkdirPaths[mi];
-          if (!tryMkdirMemorySync(this.backingFs, mp, true, dirMode, this.commandSignal, firstCc.dirPrefix.startsWith(mp) && firstCc.dirPrefix.length === mp.length + 1 ? firstCc.dirPrefix : void 0)) return void 0;
-          this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-        }
-      } catch {
-        this.signal.throwIfAborted();
-        return void 0;
-      }
-      this.budget.commands++;
-      this.budget.parsing.admit(firstCachedUnit.unitsCharged);
-    }
-    const mode = 438 & ~umask;
-    try {
-      if (!tryWriteMemoryFileInDirSync(this.backingFs, firstCc.dirPrefix, firstCc.fileName, firstCc.encoded, firstCc.append, mode, this.commandSignal)) return void 0;
-    } catch {
-      this.signal.throwIfAborted();
-      return void 0;
-    }
-    this.budget.tick();
-    this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-    this.budget.bytes += byteLength0;
-    let lastArg = firstCc.arg0;
-    let cur = firstCachedUnit;
-    const vars = rawState.variables;
-    const curLocale = vars.LC_ALL || vars.LC_CTYPE || vars.LANG ? byteLocale(vars) : false;
-    const mem = this.backingFs;
-    let deadRmTarget;
-    let deadRmTargetLen = 0;
-    const rmDef = this.commands.get("rm");
-    if (mem.symlinkCount === 0 && curLocale === false && rmDef && defaultRmExecutors.has(rmDef.execute) && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "rm") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("rm")) {
-      const cachedCc = firstCc;
-      let target = cachedCc._cachedRmTarget;
-      let scanCount = cachedCc._cachedScanCount ?? 0;
-      if (target === void 0) {
-        let scan = firstCachedUnit;
-        scanCount = 1;
-        while (scan.nextCached !== void 0 && scan.nextCached.locale === false && (!scan.nextCached.unit.script.warnings || scan.nextCached.unit.script.warnings.length === 0) && scan.nextCached.unit.script._fastConstEcho !== void 0) {
-          scan = scan.nextCached;
-          scanCount++;
-        }
-        target = null;
-        const after = scan.nextCached;
-        if (after !== void 0 && after.locale === false && (!after.unit.script.warnings || after.unit.script.warnings.length === 0) && after.unit.script.lists.length === 1) {
-          const list0 = after.unit.script.lists[0];
-          if (!list0.terminator && list0.pipelines.length === 1 && !list0.pipelines[0].negate && list0.pipelines[0].commands.length === 1) {
-            const cmd0 = list0.pipelines[0].commands[0];
-            if (cmd0.kind === "simple" && cmd0.redirects.length === 0 && cmd0.words.length === 3 && cmd0.words[0].plain === "rm" && (cmd0.words[1].plain === "-rf" || cmd0.words[1].plain === "-fr")) {
-              const t = cmd0.words[2].plain;
-              if (t && t.length > 1 && t.charCodeAt(0) === 47 && t.charCodeAt(t.length - 1) !== 47 && !t.includes("/.")) target = t;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        cachedCc._cachedRmTarget = target;
-        cachedCc._cachedScanCount = scanCount;
-      }
-      if (target !== null && this.budget.commands + scanCount + 1 <= this.budget.maxCommandsSmi && tryGetMemoryDirectoryEntryNamesSync(this.backingFs, target)?.size === 0) {
-        deadRmTarget = target;
-        deadRmTargetLen = target.length;
-      }
-    }
-    const cachedBatchPlan = deadRmTarget !== void 0 ? firstCc._cachedEchoBatch : void 0;
-    if (cachedBatchPlan !== void 0 && cachedBatchPlan !== null && mem.symlinkCount === 0 && !this.signal.aborted && this.budget.bytes + cachedBatchPlan.totalBytes <= this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi && this.budget._fileSystemOperations + cachedBatchPlan.totalCount <= this.budget.maxFileSystemOperationsSmi && this.budget.commands + cachedBatchPlan.totalCount <= this.budget.maxCommandsSmi) {
-      this.budget.parsing.admit(cachedBatchPlan.totalUnitsCharged);
-      try {
-        mem.writeMemoryFilesInDirBatchFast(firstCc.fileName, firstCc.dirPrefix, cachedBatchPlan.fileNames, cachedBatchPlan.nameHashes, cachedBatchPlan.payloads, cachedBatchPlan.totalNameBytes, cachedBatchPlan.payloadBytesSum, mode);
-        this.budget.commands += cachedBatchPlan.totalCount;
-        this.budget._fileSystemOperations += cachedBatchPlan.totalCount;
-        this.budget.bytes += cachedBatchPlan.totalBytes;
-        lastArg = cachedBatchPlan.lastArg;
-        cur = cachedBatchPlan.endUnit;
-      } catch {
-        this.signal.throwIfAborted();
-      }
-    }
-    if (cur !== cachedBatchPlan?.endUnit && cur.unit.next < sourceLength && mem.symlinkCount === 0 && !this.signal.aborted) {
-      const buildBatchStart = cur === firstCachedUnit && deadRmTarget !== void 0 && cachedBatchPlan === void 0;
-      let bTotalCount = 0;
-      let bTotalBytes = 0;
-      let bTotalUnits = 0;
-      let bTotalNameBytes = 0;
-      let bPayloadBytesSum = 0;
-      let bCanCache = buildBatchStart && !firstCc.append;
-      const bFileNames = bCanCache ? [] : void 0;
-      const bHashes = bCanCache ? [] : void 0;
-      const bPayloads = bCanCache ? [] : void 0;
-      const bSeenNames = bCanCache ? /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([firstCc.fileName]) : void 0;
-      while (cur.unit.next < sourceLength && mem.symlinkCount === 0 && !this.signal.aborted) {
-        const next = cur.nextCached;
-        if (!next || next.locale !== curLocale || next.unit.script.warnings && next.unit.script.warnings.length > 0) break;
-        const nextCc = next.unit.script._fastConstEcho;
-        if (!nextCc) break;
-        const bLen = nextCc.encoded.byteLength;
-        if (this.budget.bytes + bLen > this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi || this.budget._fileSystemOperations + 1 > this.budget.maxFileSystemOperationsSmi || this.budget.commands + 1 > this.budget.maxCommandsSmi) {
-          break;
-        }
-        this.budget.parsing.admit(next.unitsCharged);
-        if (!(deadRmTarget !== void 0 && nextCc.dirPrefix.length === deadRmTargetLen + 1 && nextCc.dirPrefix.charCodeAt(deadRmTargetLen) === 47 && nextCc.dirPrefix.startsWith(deadRmTarget))) {
-          let nameHash = nextCc._nameHash;
-          if (nameHash === void 0) {
-            const fn = nextCc.fileName;
-            let h = 5381;
-            for (let ci = 0; ci < fn.length; ci++) h = ((h & 2097151) * 33 ^ fn.charCodeAt(ci)) & 1073741823;
-            nextCc._nameHash = nameHash = h;
-          }
-          try {
-            mem.writeMemoryFileInDirFast(nextCc.dirPrefix, nextCc.fileName, nextCc.encoded, nextCc.append, mode, nameHash);
-          } catch {
-            this.signal.throwIfAborted();
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        if (bCanCache) {
-          const isDeadRm = deadRmTarget !== void 0 && nextCc.dirPrefix.length === deadRmTargetLen + 1 && nextCc.dirPrefix.charCodeAt(deadRmTargetLen) === 47 && nextCc.dirPrefix.startsWith(deadRmTarget);
-          if (isDeadRm) {
-            bTotalCount++;
-            bTotalBytes += bLen;
-            bTotalUnits += next.unitsCharged;
-          } else if (!nextCc.append && nextCc.dirPrefix === firstCc.dirPrefix && nextCc.fileName.length <= 85 && !bSeenNames.has(nextCc.fileName)) {
-            bSeenNames.add(nextCc.fileName);
-            bFileNames.push(nextCc.fileName);
-            bHashes.push(nextCc._nameHash);
-            bPayloads.push(nextCc.encoded);
-            bTotalNameBytes += nextCc.fileName.length * 2;
-            bPayloadBytesSum += bLen;
-            bTotalCount++;
-            bTotalBytes += bLen;
-            bTotalUnits += next.unitsCharged;
-          } else bCanCache = false;
-        }
-        this.budget.commands++;
-        this.budget._fileSystemOperations++;
-        this.budget.bytes += bLen;
-        lastArg = nextCc.arg0;
-        cur = next;
-      }
-      if (buildBatchStart) {
-        firstCc._cachedEchoBatch = bCanCache && bTotalCount > 0 ? {
-          endUnit: cur,
-          totalCount: bTotalCount,
-          totalBytes: bTotalBytes,
-          totalUnitsCharged: bTotalUnits,
-          lastArg,
-          fileNames: bFileNames,
-          nameHashes: new Int32Array(bHashes),
-          payloads: bPayloads,
-          totalNameBytes: bTotalNameBytes,
-          payloadBytesSum: bPayloadBytesSum
-        } : null;
-      }
-    }
-    if (deadRmTarget !== void 0 && cur.nextCached !== void 0 && !this.signal.aborted && mem.symlinkCount === 0 && (this._outputFiles === void 0 || this._outputFiles.size === 0) && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "rm") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("rm")) {
-      const rmDef2 = this.commands.get("rm");
-      const rmUnit = cur.nextCached;
-      const rmCmd0 = rmUnit.unit.script.lists[0]?.pipelines[0]?.commands[0];
-      if (rmDef2 && defaultRmExecutors.has(rmDef2.execute) && rmCmd0 && rmCmd0.kind === "simple" && rmCmd0.words[0]?.plain === "rm" && rmCmd0.words[2]?.plain === deadRmTarget) {
-        let rmOk = false;
-        try {
-          rmOk = tryRmRfMemorySync(this.backingFs, deadRmTarget, this.commandSignal);
-        } catch {
-          this.signal.throwIfAborted();
-        }
-        if (rmOk) {
-          this.budget.parsing.admit(rmUnit.unitsCharged);
-          this.budget.commands++;
-          this.budget._fileSystemOperations++;
-          lastArg = deadRmTarget;
-          cur = rmUnit;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
-    rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
-    if (rawState.variables._ !== void 0) delete rawState.variables._;
-    rawState.lastArgument = lastArg;
-    if (io.assignmentDiagnosticContext) io.assignmentDiagnosticContext.name = void 0;
-    if (!existing) {
-      monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
-      monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
-    } else {
-      elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
-      store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
-    }
-    rawState.status = 0;
-    monitor.epoch = restEpoch;
-    if (store) store.epoch = restEpoch;
-    return cur;
-  }
   tryRunCachedSyncForScript(script, monitor, io) {
     const rawScript = script;
     let plan = rawScript._cachedSyncForScriptPlan;
@@ -20308,10 +20088,12 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       rawScript._cachedSyncForScriptPlan = plan;
     }
     const forPlan = plan.forCmd._cachedForPlan;
+    if (plan.echoVar !== void 0 && (!forPlan.touchedIntNamesList.includes(plan.echoVar) || forPlan.touchedIntNamesList.includes("IFS") || rawState.variables.IFS !== void 0 && rawState.variables.IFS !== " 	\n" || plan.initAssigns.some((assignment) => assignment.name === "IFS"))) return void 0;
     const fastSyncSink = plan.echoVar !== void 0 ? io.stdout instanceof BudgetedSyncSink && io.stdout.write === BudgetedSyncSink.prototype.write || io.stdout instanceof Capture && io.stdout.write === Capture.prototype.write ? io.stdout : void 0 : void 0;
     if (plan.echoVar !== void 0) {
       const def = this.commands.get("echo");
       if (!fastSyncSink || !def || !defaultEchoExecutors.has(def.execute) || hasShellFunction(rawState, "echo") || rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("echo") || io.descriptors && io.descriptors.get(1)?.output !== io.stdout) return void 0;
+      if (this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi - this.budget.bytes < 12) return void 0;
     }
     const store = monitor.store;
     const existing = store?.get("PIPESTATUS");
@@ -20332,28 +20114,32 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     const finalValues = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
     for (const assignment of plan.initAssigns) finalValues.set(assignment.name, assignment.strVal);
     const regNames = forPlan.regNames;
-    for (let r = 1; r < regNames.length; r++) {
-      const refName = regNames[r];
-      const parsed = fastSafeInt(finalValues.get(refName) ?? rawState.variables[refName], this.budget.parsing);
-      if (parsed === void 0) return void 0;
-      sharedLoopIntRegs[r] = parsed | 0;
-    }
-    const { ok } = runIntForLoop(forPlan.fastLoopWords, forPlan.bodyStepCount, forPlan.intSteps, this.budget.parsing);
-    if (!ok) return void 0;
-    for (let r = 0; r < regNames.length; r++) finalValues.set(regNames[r], intToStr(sharedLoopIntRegs[r]));
+    const savedParseBudget = this.budget.parsing.snapshot();
+    let admitted = false;
     let lastArg = "";
-    if (plan.echoVar !== void 0) {
-      const echoVal = finalValues.get(plan.echoVar) ?? rawState.variables[plan.echoVar] ?? "";
-      const ifs = finalValues.get("IFS") ?? rawState.variables.IFS;
-      if (ifs !== void 0 && ifs !== " 	\n") return void 0;
-      if (echoVal.startsWith("-") || echoVal.includes("\0")) return void 0;
-      const encoded = encodeRedirectTextWithNewlineToScratch(echoVal);
-      if (!encoded) return void 0;
-      const bLen = encoded.byteLength;
-      if (this.budget.bytes + bLen > this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi) return void 0;
-      if (!fastSyncSink.writeSync(encoded)) return void 0;
-      this.budget.bytes += bLen;
-      lastArg = echoVal;
+    try {
+      for (let r = 1; r < regNames.length; r++) {
+        const refName = regNames[r];
+        const parsed = fastSafeInt(finalValues.get(refName) ?? rawState.variables[refName], this.budget.parsing);
+        if (parsed === void 0) return void 0;
+        sharedLoopIntRegs[r] = parsed | 0;
+      }
+      const { ok } = runIntForLoop(forPlan.fastLoopWords, forPlan.bodyStepCount, forPlan.intSteps, this.budget.parsing);
+      if (!ok) return void 0;
+      for (const name2 of forPlan.touchedIntNamesList) finalValues.set(name2, intToStr(sharedLoopIntRegs[regNames.indexOf(name2)]));
+      if (plan.echoVar !== void 0) {
+        const echoVal = finalValues.get(plan.echoVar);
+        const encoded = encodeRedirectTextWithNewlineToScratch(echoVal);
+        if (!encoded) return void 0;
+        const bLen = encoded.byteLength;
+        if (this.budget.bytes + bLen > this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi) return void 0;
+        if (!fastSyncSink.writeSync(encoded)) return void 0;
+        this.budget.bytes += bLen;
+        lastArg = echoVal;
+      }
+      admitted = true;
+    } finally {
+      if (!admitted) this.budget.parsing.restore(savedParseBudget);
     }
     for (const [name2, value] of finalValues) rawState.variables[name2] = value;
     for (const name2 of publishNames) {
@@ -20509,7 +20295,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       const diagnosticLine = io.diagnosticCommandLines?.get(command) ?? (command.line ?? 1) + (io.diagnosticOffset ?? 0);
       if (cSingle !== void 0 && !customRegisteredRegistries.has(this.commands) && !hasShellFunction(rawState, cSingle.w0Plain) && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(cSingle.w0Plain) && command.words.length <= this.budget.maxExpansionFieldsSmi && (this.budget.commands + 1 <= this.budget.maxCommandsSmi || this.budget.commands + 1 <= this.budget.limits.maxCommands)) {
         w0Plain = cSingle.w0Plain;
-        const extD = this.getExternalCommand(w0Plain);
+        const extD = this.commands.get(w0Plain);
         if (!extD || !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(extD.execute) || customRegisteredCommands.has(extD.execute)) return void 0;
         externalDef = extD;
         args = cSingle.args;
@@ -20527,7 +20313,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           return void 0;
         }
         w0Plain = w0P;
-        const extD = this.getExternalCommand(w0Plain);
+        const extD = this.commands.get(w0Plain);
         if (!extD || !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(extD.execute) || customRegisteredCommands.has(extD.execute) || customRegisteredRegistries.has(this.commands) || command.words.length > this.budget.maxExpansionFieldsSmi || this.budget.commands + 1 > this.budget.maxCommandsSmi && this.budget.commands + 1 > this.budget.limits.maxCommands) {
           return void 0;
         }
@@ -20576,13 +20362,11 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       let redirectSink;
       if (command.redirects.length === 1) {
         const r0 = command.redirects[0];
-        let targetVal = r0.target.plain;
-        if (targetVal === void 0) {
-          try {
-            targetVal = this.fastValueWord(r0.target, rawState, io, true, false, false, true, void 0, diagnosticLine);
-          } catch {
-            return void 0;
-          }
+        let targetVal;
+        try {
+          targetVal = this.fastValueWord(r0.target, rawState, io, true, false, false, true, void 0, diagnosticLine);
+        } catch {
+          return void 0;
         }
         if (typeof targetVal !== "string" || !targetVal || targetVal.includes("\0")) return void 0;
         let cachedFile = r0._cachedRedirectFile;
@@ -20639,25 +20423,6 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     if (pipeline.commands.length >= 2 && !existing) {
       const n = pipeline.commands.length;
       if (this.budget.commands + n > this.budget.maxCommandsSmi && this.budget.commands + n > this.budget.limits.maxCommands) return void 0;
-      if (pipeline === lastPurePipeAst && !syncPurePipelineSlotInUse && this._isMemoryBackingFs && this.backingFs && this.backingFs.capabilitiesFor === void 0 && this.commands === lastPurePipeRegistry && (!rawState.functions || rawState.functions.size === 0) && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.size && io.stdinIsDefault && !this.signal.aborted && !hasYieldCheckpoint(this.signal) && this.budget.canSyncPurePipe && Date.now === defaultDateNow && io.stdout instanceof Capture && io.stdout._scratch4k !== void 0 && io.stdout.length === 0 && io.stdout.write === Capture.prototype.write && io.stderr instanceof Capture && io.stderr.length === 0 && io.stderr.write === Capture.prototype.write) {
-        const rootEntry = this.backingFs.root?.entries?.get(lastPurePipeSlice1);
-        if (rootEntry && rootEntry.type === "file" && rootEntry.revision === 0 && rootEntry.mode !== void 0 && (rootEntry.mode >> 6 & 4) === 4 && rootEntry.sourceRef && lastPurePipeSrcRefs.has(rootEntry.sourceRef)) {
-          this.budget.enterPipelineStages(n);
-          this.budget.commands += n;
-          try {
-            this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-            io.stdout.writeRangeSync(lastPurePipeOutBuf, lastPurePipeOutLen);
-          } finally {
-            this.budget.leavePipelineStages(n);
-          }
-          const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
-          monitor.lazyPipeStatus = ZERO_PIPE_STATUSES[n];
-          monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
-          rawState.status = 0;
-          monitor.epoch = restEpoch;
-          return SYNC_UNIT_ZERO;
-        }
-      }
       for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
         const cmd = pipeline.commands[i];
         if (cmd.kind !== "simple" || !this.isPureExternalStageCommand(cmd, rawState) || cmd.words.length > this.budget.maxExpansionFieldsSmi) return void 0;
@@ -20766,11 +20531,10 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       return void 0;
     }
     const n = pipeline.commands.length;
-    let firstStageRootSourceRef;
     for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
       const cmd = pipeline.commands[i];
       const name2 = cmd.words[0].plain;
-      const extDef = this.getExternalCommand(name2);
+      const extDef = this.commands.get(name2);
       if (!extDef || !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(extDef.execute) || customRegisteredCommands.has(extDef.execute)) {
         return void 0;
       }
@@ -20794,7 +20558,6 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             const slice1 = cmd._cachedSlice1 ?? (cmd._cachedSlice1 = fileArg.slice(1));
             const rootEntry = backing.root?.entries?.get(slice1);
             if (!rootEntry || rootEntry.type !== "file" || rootEntry.data && rootEntry.data.byteLength > 65536) return void 0;
-            if (rootEntry.revision === 0 && rootEntry.mode !== void 0 && (rootEntry.mode >> 6 & 4) === 4 && rootEntry.data && rootEntry.data.byteLength >= 1024) firstStageRootSourceRef = rootEntry.sourceRef;
           }
         } else if (name2 === "find") {
           if (stageArgs.length !== 3 || stageArgs[1] !== "-name" || stageArgs[0].startsWith("-") || stageArgs[0].startsWith("/dev")) return void 0;
@@ -20820,22 +20583,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         } else return void 0;
       }
     }
-    if (n >= 3 && pipeline === lastPurePipeAst && firstStageRootSourceRef !== void 0 && lastPurePipeSrcRefs.has(firstStageRootSourceRef) && Date.now === defaultDateNow) {
-      this.budget.enterPipelineStages(n);
-      this.budget.commands += n;
-      try {
-        this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-        io.stdout.writeRangeSync(lastPurePipeOutBuf, lastPurePipeOutLen);
-      } finally {
-        this.budget.leavePipelineStages(n);
-      }
-      const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
-      monitor.lazyPipeStatus = ZERO_PIPE_STATUSES[n] ?? new Array(n).fill(0);
-      monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
-      rawState.status = 0;
-      monitor.epoch = restEpoch;
-      return SYNC_UNIT_ZERO;
-    }
+    const sharedSyncPipeBuf0 = new Uint8Array(65536);
+    const sharedSyncPipeBuf1 = new Uint8Array(65536);
     syncPurePipelineSlotInUse = true;
     this.budget.enterPipelineStages(n);
     this.budget.commands += n;
@@ -20846,7 +20595,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       for (let index = start; index < n; index++) {
         const cmd = pipeline.commands[index];
         const firstName = cmd.words[0].plain;
-        const extDef = this.getExternalCommand(firstName);
+        const extDef = this.commands.get(firstName);
         const stageArgs = cmd._cachedPlainArgs;
         const isFirst = index === 0;
         const isLast = index === n - 1;
@@ -20911,21 +20660,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       syncPurePipelineSlotInUse = false;
       this.budget.leavePipelineStages(n);
     };
-    const stdout = io.stdout;
-    const stderr = io.stderr;
     const finish = () => {
-      if (n >= 3 && !pipeline.negate && statuses === void 0 && firstStageRootSourceRef !== void 0 && stderr.length === 0 && stdout.length <= 256 && Date.now === defaultDateNow) {
-        const scratch = stdout._scratch4k;
-        if (scratch) {
-          const outLen = stdout.length;
-          for (let bi = 0; bi < outLen; bi++) lastPurePipeOutBuf[bi] = scratch[bi];
-          lastPurePipeOutLen = outLen;
-          lastPurePipeAst = pipeline;
-          lastPurePipeSlice1 = pipeline.commands[0]._cachedSlice1 ?? "";
-          lastPurePipeRegistry = this.commands;
-          lastPurePipeSrcRefs.add(firstStageRootSourceRef);
-        }
-      }
       const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
       const finalStatuses = statuses ?? ZERO_PIPE_STATUSES[n] ?? new Array(n).fill(0);
       monitor.lazyPipeStatus = finalStatuses;
@@ -20981,7 +20716,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       for (let index = 0; index < n; index++) {
         const cmd = pipeline.commands[index];
         const firstName = cmd.words[0].plain;
-        const extDef = this.getExternalCommand(firstName);
+        const extDef = this.commands.get(firstName);
         let stageArgs = cmd._cachedPlainArgs;
         if (!stageArgs) {
           stageArgs = new Array(cmd.words.length - 1);
@@ -21966,7 +21701,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
   }
   canSyncConditional(expr, depth = 0, rawState, requireTotal = false) {
     if (depth > 8) return false;
-    if (requireTotal && (expr.kind === "unary" && syncConditionalFileUnaryOps.has(expr.operator) || expr.kind === "binary" && expr.operator !== "==" && expr.operator !== "=" && expr.operator !== "!=" && expr.operator !== "=~")) return false;
+    if (requireTotal && (expr.kind === "unary" && (expr.operator === "-v" || syncConditionalFileUnaryOps.has(expr.operator)) || expr.kind === "binary" && expr.operator !== "==" && expr.operator !== "=" && expr.operator !== "!=" && expr.operator !== "=~")) return false;
     const okWord = (w) => !_Runtime.wordMayMutate(w) || rawState !== void 0 && this.isPureSyncValueWord(w, rawState);
     if (expr.kind === "nonempty") return okWord(expr.operand);
     if (expr.kind === "unary") return (expr.operator === "-n" || expr.operator === "-z" || expr.operator === "-v" || syncConditionalFileUnaryOps.has(expr.operator)) && okWord(expr.operand);
@@ -22440,7 +22175,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           const rhsOp = scalarMutMatch[4];
           const rhs2 = scalarMutMatch[5] !== void 0 ? Number(scalarMutMatch[5]) : 0;
           const rhsNum = rhsOp === "+" ? rhs1 + rhs2 : rhsOp === "-" ? rhs1 - rhs2 : rhsOp === "*" ? rhs1 * rhs2 : rhs1;
-          if (varName !== "OPTIND" && varName !== "PIPESTATUS" && !store?.get(varName) && !hasNonNamerefAttributes(rawState)) {
+          if (!controlNames.has(varName) && varName !== "PIPESTATUS" && !store?.get(varName) && !hasNonNamerefAttributes(rawState)) {
             const curVal = this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched?.has(varName) ? rawState.variables[varName] ?? "0" : monitor.values.get(varName, rawState.variables[varName] ?? "0") ?? rawState.variables[varName] ?? "0";
             if (typeof curVal === "string" && (curVal === "" || /^-?(?:0|[1-9][0-9]{0,12})$/.test(curVal))) {
               const curNum = curVal === "" ? 0 : Number(curVal);
@@ -22658,7 +22393,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         const clause = command.clauses[cIdx];
         for (let pIdx = 0; pIdx < clause.patterns.length; pIdx++) {
           const pw = clause.patterns[pIdx];
-          const pStr = pw.plain ?? this.tryBuildSyncPatternWord(pw, rawState, io, diagnosticLine);
+          const pStr = this.tryBuildSyncPatternWord(pw, rawState, io, diagnosticLine);
           if (pStr === void 0) return void 0;
           const matched = tryMatchesPatternSync(pStr, fastSubject, work, false, false);
           if (matched === void 0) return void 0;
@@ -24078,7 +23813,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               }
               allArrOk = false;
               break;
-            } else if (rawState.locals.length === 0 && isShellIdentifier(tExpanded) && !tExpanded.startsWith("-") && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(tExpanded) && !arrStore.get(tExpanded) && !rawState.functions.has(tExpanded) && !monitor.hasOverlay(tExpanded) && tExpanded !== "OPTIND" && tExpanded !== "PIPESTATUS" && tExpanded !== "_" && tExpanded !== "IFS" && tExpanded !== "PATH") {
+            } else if (rawState.locals.length === 0 && isShellIdentifier(tExpanded) && !tExpanded.startsWith("-") && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(tExpanded) && !arrStore.get(tExpanded) && !rawState.functions.has(tExpanded) && !monitor.hasOverlay(tExpanded) && !controlNames.has(tExpanded) && tExpanded !== "PIPESTATUS" && tExpanded !== "_") {
               ops.push({ kind: "scalar", targetName: tExpanded });
               continue;
             } else {
@@ -24142,7 +23877,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             for (let ui = uStart; ui < command.words.length; ui++) {
               const targetName = command.words[ui].plain;
               const existingTargetArr = targetName ? store?.get(targetName) : void 0;
-              if (targetName && isShellIdentifier(targetName) && !targetName.startsWith("-") && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(targetName) && (!existingTargetArr || existingTargetArr.references === 1 && !store.watches.has(targetName) && !hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, targetName)) && !rawState.functions.has(targetName) && !monitor.hasOverlay(targetName) && targetName !== "OPTIND" && targetName !== "PIPESTATUS" && targetName !== "_" && targetName !== "IFS" && targetName !== "PATH") {
+              if (targetName && isShellIdentifier(targetName) && !targetName.startsWith("-") && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(targetName) && (!existingTargetArr || existingTargetArr.references === 1 && !store.watches.has(targetName) && !hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, targetName)) && !rawState.functions.has(targetName) && !monitor.hasOverlay(targetName) && !controlNames.has(targetName) && targetName !== "PIPESTATUS" && targetName !== "_") {
                 targets.push(targetName);
               } else {
                 allOk = false;
@@ -25420,7 +25155,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         continue;
       }
       if (part.kind === "variable") {
-        if (stateMonitor(rawState)?.store?.get(part.name)) return false;
+        if (part.name === "RANDOM" || part.name === "SECONDS" || stateMonitor(rawState)?.store?.get(part.name)) return false;
         if (this._syncLoopFnCheckDepth > 0 && (part.substring || getArraySelector(part)?.kind === "element")) return false;
         if (part.prefixNames !== void 0) {
           if (part.prefixNames === "@") return false;
@@ -25489,78 +25224,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       if (part.kind === "substitution") {
         if (this._syncLoopFnCheckDepth > 0) return false;
         if (this.tryAdmitLoopInvariantSubstitution(part, rawState)) continue;
-        if (customRegisteredRegistries.has(this.commands)) return false;
-        if (part.script.lists.length !== 1) return false;
-        const list = part.script.lists[0];
-        if (list.terminator || list.pipelines.length !== 1) return false;
-        const p = list.pipelines[0];
-        if (p.negate || p.commands.length !== 1) return false;
-        let cmd = p.commands[0];
-        if (cmd.kind === "for" || cmd.kind === "arithmetic-for" || cmd.kind === "while") return false;
-        if (p.commands.length === 1 && (cmd.kind === "if" || cmd.kind === "case") && this.isPureSyncSubIfOrCase(cmd, rawState)) {
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (cmd.kind !== "simple" || cmd.redirects.length > 0 || cmd.words.length === 0) return false;
-        let w0Plain = cmd.words[0].plain;
-        if (p.commands.length === 1 && w0Plain !== void 0 && rawState.functions.has(w0Plain) && this.firstInternalDiscovery(w0Plain, rawState, false) === "function" && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(w0Plain)) {
-          const fnBody = rawState.functions.get(w0Plain);
-          if (fnBody.kind === "group" && fnBody.redirects.length === 0 && fnBody.body.lists.length === 1 && !fnBody.body.lists[0].terminator && fnBody.body.lists[0].pipelines.length === 1 && !fnBody.body.lists[0].pipelines[0].negate && fnBody.body.lists[0].pipelines[0].commands.length === 1 && fnBody.body.lists[0].pipelines[0].commands[0].kind === "simple" && fnBody.body.lists[0].pipelines[0].commands[0].redirects.length === 0 && cmd.words.slice(1).every((w) => this.isPureArgWord(w, rawState) && this.isPureSyncValueWord(w, rawState) && w.parts.length > 0 && w.parts.every(
-            (part2) => part2.quoted || part2.kind === "text" && part2.value.length > 0 && !part2.value.includes(" ") && !part2.value.includes("	") && !part2.value.includes("\n") && !part2.value.includes("{") && !hasGlobOrEscape(part2.value, true)
-          ))) {
-            const innerCmd = fnBody.body.lists[0].pipelines[0].commands[0];
-            const innerW0 = innerCmd.words[0]?.plain;
-            if (innerW0 && (innerW0 === "echo" || innerW0 === "printf" || innerW0 === "dirname" || innerW0 === "basename" || innerW0 === "pwd" || innerW0 === "command" || innerW0 === "type" || innerW0 === "seq") && !rawState.functions.has(innerW0) && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(innerW0)) {
-              cmd = innerCmd;
-              w0Plain = innerW0;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        if (w0Plain === "tac" || w0Plain === "nl" || w0Plain === "base64" && cmd.words.length > 1) return false;
-        if (w0Plain === "pwd") {
-          if (p.commands.length === 1 && (cmd.words.length === 1 || cmd.words.length === 2 && (cmd.words[1]?.plain === "-L" || cmd.words[1]?.plain === "--logical")) && !rawState.functions.has("pwd") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("pwd")) continue;
-          return false;
-        }
-        if (w0Plain === "command" && cmd.words[1]?.plain === "-v" || w0Plain === "type" && cmd.words[1]?.plain === "-t") {
-          return false;
-        }
-        const def = w0Plain ? w0Plain === "seq" ? this.getExternalCommand(w0Plain) : this.commands.get(w0Plain) : void 0;
-        if (!w0Plain || w0Plain !== "printf" && w0Plain !== "echo" && w0Plain !== "dirname" && w0Plain !== "basename" && w0Plain !== "seq" || !def || rawState.functions.has(w0Plain) || rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(w0Plain)) return false;
-        if (w0Plain === "printf" ? def.execute !== printfCommand.execute : w0Plain === "echo" ? !defaultEchoExecutors.has(def.execute) : w0Plain === "seq" ? !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(def.execute) && customRegisteredCommands.has(def.execute) : !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(def.execute)) return false;
-        if (!cmd.words.slice(1).every((w) => this.isPureArgWord(w, rawState) && this.isPureSyncValueWord(w, rawState))) return false;
-        if ((w0Plain === "echo" || w0Plain === "basename" || w0Plain === "dirname") && !cmd.words.slice(1).every((w) => w.parts.length > 0 && w.parts.every(
-          (part2) => part2.quoted || part2.kind === "text" && part2.value.length > 0 && !part2.value.includes(" ") && !part2.value.includes("	") && !part2.value.includes("\n") && !part2.value.includes("{") && !hasGlobOrEscape(part2.value, true)
-        ))) return false;
-        if (w0Plain === "printf") {
-          if (!this.isSyncPrintfCallOk(cmd, 1, rawState, this._activePrintfInductionName)) return false;
-        } else if (w0Plain === "echo") {
-          if (!this.isSyncSubEchoCallOk(cmd, rawState)) return false;
-        } else if (w0Plain === "dirname" || w0Plain === "basename") {
-          const simArgs = [];
-          let seenDoubleDash = false;
-          for (let wi = 1; wi < cmd.words.length; wi++) {
-            const w = cmd.words[wi];
-            if (w.parts[0]?.kind === "text" && !w.parts[0].quoted && w.parts[0].value.startsWith("~")) return false;
-            const st = w.plain ?? (w.parts.length > 0 && w.parts.every((pt) => pt.kind === "text") ? w.parts.map((pt) => pt.value).join("") : void 0);
-            if (st !== void 0) {
-              if (st === "--") seenDoubleDash = true;
-              simArgs.push(st);
-            } else {
-              if (!seenDoubleDash) return false;
-              simArgs.push("x");
-            }
-          }
-          if ((w0Plain === "dirname" ? this.evalSyncDirname(simArgs) : this.evalSyncBasename(simArgs)) === void 0) return false;
-        } else if (w0Plain === "seq") {
-          const simArgs = [];
-          for (let wi = 1; wi < cmd.words.length; wi++) {
-            const w = cmd.words[wi];
-            const st = w.plain ?? (w.parts.length > 0 && w.parts.every((pt) => pt.kind === "text") ? w.parts.map((pt) => pt.value).join("") : void 0);
-            if (st === void 0) return false;
-            simArgs.push(st);
-          }
-          if (this.evalSyncSeq(simArgs) === void 0) return false;
-        }
-        continue;
+        return false;
       }
       return false;
     }
@@ -25612,7 +25276,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       };
       return preservesInteger(script);
     };
-    const safeArgWord = (w, numeric2 = false) => (!checkIntVars || this.isPureSyncValueWord(w, rawState)) && (w.parts.every((p) => p.quoted || p.kind === "text" && p.value.length > 0 && !p.value.includes(" ") && !p.value.includes("	") && !p.value.includes("\n") && !p.value.includes("{") && !hasGlobOrEscape(p.value, true)) || numeric2 && (!checkIntVars && w.parts.length === 1 && w.parts[0].kind === "variable" || checkIntVars && rawState.variables.IFS === void 0 && isGuaranteedIntWord(w)));
+    const safeArgWord = (w, numeric2 = false) => (!checkIntVars || this.isPureSyncValueWord(w, rawState)) && (w.parts.every((p) => p.quoted || p.kind === "text" && p.value.length > 0 && !p.value.includes(" ") && !p.value.includes("	") && !p.value.includes("\n") && !p.value.includes("{") && !hasGlobOrEscape(p.value, true)) || numeric2 && (!checkIntVars && w.parts.length === 1 && w.parts[0].kind === "variable" || checkIntVars && (rawState.variables.IFS === void 0 || rawState.variables.IFS === " 	\n") && isGuaranteedIntWord(w)));
     if (args.length === 2) {
       const op = args[0].plain;
       if ((op === "-n" || op === "-z") && safeArgWord(args[1])) {
@@ -25987,7 +25651,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     const work = { remaining: 4096, signal: this.signal, exhausted: () => this.budget.fail("maxExpansionBytes") };
     for (const cl of cmd.clauses) {
       if (cl.terminator !== ";;" && cl.terminator !== "esac") return false;
-      if (!cl.patterns.every((pw) => pw.plain !== void 0 && tryMatchesPatternSync(pw.plain, "", work, false, false) !== void 0)) return false;
+      if (!cl.patterns.every((pw) => pw.plain !== void 0 && !pw.plain.startsWith("~") && tryMatchesPatternSync(pw.plain, "", work, false, false) !== void 0)) return false;
       if (!isSimpleEchoOrPrintf(cl.body)) return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -26072,7 +25736,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             if (!cl.patterns.every((pw) => {
               if (!pw.parts.every((p2) => p2.kind === "text")) return false;
               if (pw.plain === void 0 && !pw.parts.every((p2) => p2.quoted)) return false;
-              const pattern = pw.plain ?? (io ? this.tryBuildSyncPatternWord(pw, rawState, io) : void 0);
+              const pattern = io ? this.tryBuildSyncPatternWord(pw, rawState, io) : pw.plain?.startsWith("~") ? void 0 : pw.plain;
               return pattern !== void 0 && tryMatchesPatternSync(pattern, "", work, false, false) !== void 0;
             })) {
               caseOk = false;
@@ -26604,7 +26268,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       for (let b = 0; b + 1 < bodyAssignments.length; b++) {
         const curr = bodyAssignments[b];
         const next = bodyAssignments[b + 1];
-        if (curr.targetWord !== void 0 && curr.value !== void 0 && this.isSimpleRedirectEchoWord(curr.value) && !curr.append && next.targetWord !== void 0 && next.value !== void 0 && this.isSimpleRedirectEchoWord(next.value) && next.append && sameRedirectTargetWord(curr.targetWord, next.targetWord)) {
+        if (curr.listOperator === void 0 && next.listOperator === void 0 && curr.targetWord !== void 0 && curr.value !== void 0 && this.isSimpleRedirectEchoWord(curr.value) && !curr.append && next.targetWord !== void 0 && next.value !== void 0 && this.isSimpleRedirectEchoWord(next.value) && next.append && sameRedirectTargetWord(curr.targetWord, next.targetWord) && [next.value, next.targetWord].every((word) => word.parts.every((part) => part.kind !== "variable" || part.name !== "?"))) {
           curr.coalesceNext = true;
           b++;
         }
@@ -26668,23 +26332,32 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       return void 0;
     }
     const regNames = forPlan.regNames;
+    for (const refName of regNames) {
+      if (store?.get(refName) || store?.watches.has(refName) || monitor.hasOverlay(refName) || rawState.variableAttributes?.has(refName)) return void 0;
+    }
+    const intBudgetSnapshot = this.budget.parsing.snapshot();
     for (let r = 0; r < regNames.length; r++) {
       const refName = regNames[r];
-      if (store?.get(refName)) return void 0;
       if (r > 0) {
         const parsed = fastSafeInt(rawState.variables[refName], this.budget.parsing);
-        if (parsed === void 0) return void 0;
+        if (parsed === void 0) {
+          this.budget.parsing.restore(intBudgetSnapshot);
+          return void 0;
+        }
         sharedLoopIntRegs[r] = parsed | 0;
       }
     }
+    const { ok } = runIntForLoop(fastLoopWords, forPlan.bodyStepCount, forPlan.intSteps, this.budget.parsing);
+    if (!ok) {
+      this.budget.parsing.restore(intBudgetSnapshot);
+      return void 0;
+    }
     monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets);
     this.budget.tick();
-    const { ok } = runIntForLoop(fastLoopWords, forPlan.bodyStepCount, forPlan.intSteps, this.budget.parsing);
-    if (!ok) return void 0;
     this.budget.iterations += wordCount;
     this.budget.commands += wordCount * forPlan.bodyStepCount;
-    for (let r = 0; r < regNames.length; r++) {
-      rawState.variables[regNames[r]] = intToStr(sharedLoopIntRegs[r]);
+    for (const name2 of forPlan.touchedIntNamesList) {
+      rawState.variables[name2] = intToStr(sharedLoopIntRegs[regNames.indexOf(name2)]);
     }
     const touchedList = forPlan.touchedIntNamesList;
     for (let t = 0; t < touchedList.length; t++) {
@@ -26811,6 +26484,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       touched.clear();
       let lastCmd;
       let lastArg = "";
+      let lastPipelineStatus;
       const mode = 438 & ~(rawState.umask ?? 18);
       if (command.kind === "arithmetic-for") {
         let plan = command._cachedArithPlan;
@@ -27116,6 +26790,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             if (!ok) canUseIntRegisters = false;
             else {
               usedFastIntPath = true;
+              if (iterations > 0) lastPipelineStatus = 0;
               this.budget.parsing.admit(limitVal < 0 ? 4 : 2);
               this.budget.iterations += iterations + 1;
               this.budget.commands += iterations * bodyAssignments.length + subCount;
@@ -27143,6 +26818,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               loopStatus2 = rawState.status;
               lastCmd = fb.lastCmd;
               lastArg = fb.lastArg;
+              lastPipelineStatus = fb.pipelineStatus;
               lastInductionVal = fb.lastInductionVal;
             } finally {
               this._syncReturnDepth--;
@@ -27207,11 +26883,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           if (rawState.variables._ !== void 0 && !touched.has("_") && !(usedFastIntPath && touchedIntNamesList.includes("_"))) delete rawState.variables._;
           rawState.lastArgument = lastArg;
           if (io.assignmentDiagnosticContext) io.assignmentDiagnosticContext.name = void 0;
+        }
+        if (lastPipelineStatus !== void 0) {
           if (!existing) {
-            monitor.lazyPipeStatus = loopStatus2 === 0 ? singleStatusZero : [loopStatus2];
+            monitor.lazyPipeStatus = lastPipelineStatus === 0 ? singleStatusZero : [lastPipelineStatus];
             monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
           } else {
-            this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, String(loopStatus2));
+            this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, String(lastPipelineStatus));
             store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
           }
         }
@@ -27226,6 +26904,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         const cp = command.condition.lists[0].pipelines[0];
         if (cp.negate || cp.commands.length !== 1) return void 0;
         const condCmd = cp.commands[0];
+        if (condCmd.kind !== "simple" && condCmd.kind !== "arithmetic" && condCmd.kind !== "conditional") return void 0;
         let whileArithProg;
         let whileCondExpr;
         let whileReadSpec;
@@ -27375,6 +27054,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         this._syncArithTouched = touched;
         const condLine = io.diagnosticCommandLines?.get(condCmd) ?? (condCmd.line ?? diagnosticLine) + (io.diagnosticOffset ?? 0);
         let loopStatus2 = 0;
+        const progress = { lastCmd: void 0, lastArg: rawState.lastArgument ?? "", pipelineStatus: void 0 };
         let iterCount = 0;
         try {
           if (whileReadSpec !== void 0 && syncReadInputText !== void 0) {
@@ -27430,8 +27110,9 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                   rawState.variables[vn] = "";
                   touched.add(vn);
                 }
-                lastCmd = rCmd;
-                lastArg = rLastArg;
+                progress.lastCmd = rCmd;
+                progress.lastArg = rLastArg;
+                progress.pipelineStatus = 1;
                 break;
               }
               const nlIdx = syncReadInputText.indexOf(readDelim, cursor);
@@ -27439,21 +27120,22 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                 const partialLine = syncReadInputText.slice(cursor);
                 cursor = textLen;
                 splitSyncReadLine(partialLine, readIfs);
-                lastCmd = rCmd;
-                lastArg = rLastArg;
+                progress.lastCmd = rCmd;
+                progress.lastArg = rLastArg;
+                progress.pipelineStatus = 1;
                 break;
               }
               const lineStr = syncReadInputText.slice(cursor, nlIdx);
               cursor = nlIdx + 1;
               splitSyncReadLine(lineStr, readIfs);
+              progress.lastCmd = rCmd;
+              progress.lastArg = rLastArg;
+              progress.pipelineStatus = 0;
               rawState.status = 0;
               ++iterCount;
               this.budget.loop();
               if ((iterCount & 127) === 0) runYieldCheckpoint(this.signal);
-              this.execSyncLoopSteps(bodyAssignments, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-                lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-                lastArg = v.lastArg;
-              });
+              this.execSyncLoopSteps(bodyAssignments, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress);
               loopStatus2 = rawState.status;
               if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) {
                 const act = this._syncLoopAction;
@@ -27480,17 +27162,15 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               }
               rawState.variables[whileGetoptsSpec.optVar] = res.option;
               touched.add(whileGetoptsSpec.optVar);
-              lastCmd = whileGetoptsSpec.getoptsCmd;
-              lastArg = whileGetoptsSpec.cmdLastArg;
+              progress.lastCmd = whileGetoptsSpec.getoptsCmd;
+              progress.lastArg = whileGetoptsSpec.cmdLastArg;
+              progress.pipelineStatus = res.status;
               if (res.status !== 0) break;
               rawState.status = 0;
               ++iterCount;
               this.budget.loop();
               if ((iterCount & 127) === 0) runYieldCheckpoint(this.signal);
-              this.execSyncLoopSteps(bodyAssignments, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-                lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-                lastArg = v.lastArg;
-              });
+              this.execSyncLoopSteps(bodyAssignments, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress);
               loopStatus2 = rawState.status;
               if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) {
                 const act = this._syncLoopAction;
@@ -27502,19 +27182,15 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             while (true) {
               this.budget.tick();
               const condNonZero = whileCondExpr !== void 0 ? (this.tryEvalConditionalSync(whileCondExpr, rawState, monitor, store, io, condLine) ?? 1) === 0 : this.evalSyncLoopArithStmt(whileArithProg, rawState, io, touched, condLine);
-              if (condCmd.kind === "simple") {
-                lastCmd = condCmd;
-                lastArg = this.fastValueWord(condCmd.words[condCmd.words.length - 1], rawState, io, false, false, false, true);
-              }
+              progress.lastCmd = condCmd;
+              if (condCmd.kind === "simple") progress.lastArg = this.fastValueWord(condCmd.words[condCmd.words.length - 1], rawState, io, false, false, false, true);
               rawState.status = condNonZero ? 0 : 1;
+              progress.pipelineStatus = rawState.status;
               if (condNonZero !== (command.kind === "while")) break;
               ++iterCount;
               this.budget.loop();
               if ((iterCount & 127) === 0) runYieldCheckpoint(this.signal);
-              this.execSyncLoopSteps(bodyAssignments, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-                lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-                lastArg = v.lastArg;
-              });
+              this.execSyncLoopSteps(bodyAssignments, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress);
               loopStatus2 = rawState.status;
               if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) {
                 const act = this._syncLoopAction;
@@ -27540,15 +27216,20 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             }
           }
         }
+        lastCmd = progress.lastCmd;
+        lastArg = progress.lastArg;
+        lastPipelineStatus = progress.pipelineStatus;
         if (lastCmd) {
           if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth) publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(lastCmd));
           rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
           if (rawState.variables._ !== void 0 && !touched.has("_")) delete rawState.variables._;
           rawState.lastArgument = lastArg;
           if (io.assignmentDiagnosticContext) io.assignmentDiagnosticContext.name = void 0;
-          const statusStr = loopStatus2 === 0 ? "0" : String(loopStatus2);
+        }
+        if (lastPipelineStatus !== void 0) {
+          const statusStr = String(lastPipelineStatus);
           if (!existing) {
-            monitor.lazyPipeStatus = loopStatus2 === 0 ? singleStatusZero : [loopStatus2];
+            monitor.lazyPipeStatus = lastPipelineStatus === 0 ? singleStatusZero : [lastPipelineStatus];
             monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
           } else {
             this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, statusStr);
@@ -27824,6 +27505,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           if (!ok) canUseIntRegisters = false;
           else {
             usedFastIntFor = true;
+            if (fastLoopWords.length > 0) lastPipelineStatus = 0;
             lastCmd = bodyAssignments[bodyAssignments.length - 1]?.cmd;
             this.budget.iterations += fastLoopWords.length;
             this.budget.commands += fastLoopWords.length * bodyAssignments.length + subCount;
@@ -27835,8 +27517,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               rawState.status = 0;
             }
             runYieldCheckpoint(this.signal);
-            for (let r = 0; r < regNames.length; r++) {
-              rawState.variables[regNames[r]] = intToStr(sharedLoopIntRegs[r]);
+            for (const name2 of forPlan.touchedIntNamesList) {
+              rawState.variables[name2] = intToStr(sharedLoopIntRegs[regNames.indexOf(name2)]);
             }
             regNames.length = 0;
           }
@@ -27851,6 +27533,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             loopStatus = fastLoopWords.length === 0 ? 0 : rawState.status;
             lastCmd = fb.lastCmd;
             lastArg = fb.lastArg;
+            lastPipelineStatus = fb.pipelineStatus;
           } finally {
             this._syncReturnDepth--;
           }
@@ -27889,11 +27572,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           if (rawState.variables._ !== void 0 && !touched.has("_") && !(usedFastIntFor && forPlan.touchedIntNamesList.includes("_"))) delete rawState.variables._;
           rawState.lastArgument = lastArg;
           if (io.assignmentDiagnosticContext) io.assignmentDiagnosticContext.name = void 0;
+        }
+        if (lastPipelineStatus !== void 0) {
           if (!existing) {
-            monitor.lazyPipeStatus = loopStatus === 0 ? singleStatusZero : [loopStatus];
+            monitor.lazyPipeStatus = lastPipelineStatus === 0 ? singleStatusZero : [lastPipelineStatus];
             monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
           } else {
-            this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, String(loopStatus));
+            this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, String(lastPipelineStatus));
             store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
           }
         }
@@ -28404,8 +28089,7 @@ ${s1}
   }
   runSyncArithForFallback(e0, e1, e2, inductionName, hasDeferredSteps, deferredMask, bodyAssignments, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, diagnosticLine) {
     let enteredBody = false;
-    let lastCmd;
-    let lastArg = rawState.lastArgument ?? "";
+    const progress = { lastCmd: void 0, lastArg: rawState.lastArgument ?? "", pipelineStatus: void 0 };
     let lastInductionVal;
     touched.add(inductionName);
     this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(e0, rawState, diagnosticLine);
@@ -28416,150 +28100,7 @@ ${s1}
       if (!this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(e1, rawState, diagnosticLine)) break;
       enteredBody = true;
       if (hasDeferredSteps) lastInductionVal = rawState.variables[inductionName];
-      for (let b = 0; b < bodyAssignments.length; b++) {
-        const step = bodyAssignments[b];
-        if (step.listOperator !== void 0 && (step.listOperator === "&&" && rawState.status !== 0 || step.listOperator === "||" && rawState.status === 0)) continue;
-        if (step.caseClauses === void 0 && step.ifBranches === void 0 && step.nestedLoop === void 0) lastCmd = step.cmd;
-        this.budget.tick();
-        if (step.loopAction !== void 0) {
-          lastArg = step.cmd.words[step.cmd.words.length - 1].plain;
-          rawState.status = 0;
-          this._syncLoopAction = step.loopAction;
-          break;
-        }
-        if (step.unsetVars !== void 0) {
-          lastArg = this.execSyncUnsetStep(step, rawState, monitor, touched);
-          rawState.status = 0;
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (step.localDecl !== void 0) {
-          lastArg = this.execSyncLocalDeclStep(step.localDecl, rawState, io, monitor, touched, step.line);
-          rawState.status = 0;
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (step.shiftCount !== void 0) {
-          const shRes = this.execSyncShiftStep(step.shiftCount, step.cmd, rawState);
-          lastArg = shRes.lastArg;
-          rawState.status = shRes.status;
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (step.readHereString !== void 0) {
-          lastArg = this.execSyncReadHereStringStep(step.readHereString, step, rawState, io, monitor, touched);
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (deferredMask & 1 << b) {
-          lastArg = "";
-          rawState.status = 0;
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (step.coalesceNext) {
-          const nextStep = bodyAssignments[++b];
-          this.budget.tick();
-          const encoded = this.encodeSyncRedirectWordsToScratch(step.value, nextStep.value, rawState, io);
-          this.writeSyncRedirectStep(step, encoded, false, mode, rawState, io);
-          this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-          this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-          this.budget.bytes += encoded.byteLength;
-          lastCmd = nextStep.cmd;
-          lastArg = this.evalSyncRedirectWord(nextStep.value, rawState, io) ?? "";
-        } else if (step.targetWord !== void 0 && step.value !== void 0) {
-          if (this.isSimpleRedirectEchoWord(step.value)) {
-            const encoded = this.encodeSyncRedirectWordsToScratch(step.value, void 0, rawState, io);
-            this.writeSyncRedirectStep(step, encoded, step.append, mode, rawState, io);
-            this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-            this.budget.bytes += encoded.byteLength;
-            lastArg = this.evalSyncRedirectWord(step.value, rawState, io) ?? "";
-          } else {
-            const val = this.fastValueWord(step.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, step.line);
-            const encoded = fastSharedTextEncoder.encode(this.formatSyncEchoLine(val));
-            this.writeSyncRedirectStep(step, encoded, step.append, mode, rawState, io);
-            this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-            this.budget.bytes += encoded.byteLength;
-            lastArg = val;
-          }
-        } else if (step.targetWord !== void 0 && step.printfVArgs !== void 0) {
-          const { formatted: formatted2, lastArg: pLastArg } = this.evalSyncPrintfStep(step.printfVArgs, rawState, io, step.line, step.cmd.words[0]?.plain === "echo");
-          const encoded = fastSharedTextEncoder.encode(formatted2);
-          this.writeSyncRedirectStep(step, encoded, step.append, mode, rawState, io);
-          this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-          this.budget.bytes += encoded.byteLength;
-          lastArg = pLastArg;
-        } else if (step.isStdoutEcho && step.value !== void 0) {
-          const val = this.fastValueWord(step.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, step.line);
-          this.writeSyncStdoutText(this.formatSyncEchoLine(val), io);
-          lastArg = val;
-        } else if (step.isStdoutEcho && step.printfVArgs !== void 0) {
-          const { formatted: formatted2, lastArg: pLastArg } = this.evalSyncPrintfStep(step.printfVArgs, rawState, io, step.line, step.cmd.words[0]?.plain === "echo");
-          this.writeSyncStdoutText(formatted2, io);
-          lastArg = pLastArg;
-        } else if (step.arrayAssign !== void 0) {
-          if (!this.tryFastArrayAssignmentSync(step.arrayAssign, rawState, io, step.line, void 0, void 0, true)) {
-            throw new Error("Synchronous loop array assignment was not executable");
-          }
-          lastArg = "";
-        } else if (step.caseClauses !== void 0) {
-          this.flushSyncStdoutBatch(io);
-          this.execSyncCaseStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-            lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-            lastArg = v.lastArg;
-          });
-          if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) break;
-          continue;
-        } else if (step.ifBranches !== void 0) {
-          this.flushSyncStdoutBatch(io);
-          this.execSyncIfStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-            lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-            lastArg = v.lastArg;
-          });
-          if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) break;
-          continue;
-        } else if (step.condStmt !== void 0) {
-          const cStatus = this.tryEvalConditionalSync(step.condStmt, rawState, monitor, arrayStore(rawState), io, step.line) ?? 1;
-          if (step.cmd.kind === "simple") {
-            lastArg = this.fastValueWord(step.cmd.words[step.cmd.words.length - 1], rawState, io, false, false, false, true);
-          }
-          rawState.status = cStatus;
-          continue;
-        } else if (step.nestedLoop !== void 0) {
-          this.flushSyncStdoutBatch(io);
-          this.execSyncNestedLoopStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-            lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-            lastArg = v.lastArg;
-          });
-          continue;
-        } else if (step.fnCall !== void 0) {
-          this.flushSyncStdoutBatch(io);
-          this.execSyncFnStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-            lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-            lastArg = v.lastArg;
-          });
-          continue;
-        } else if (step.arithStmt !== void 0) {
-          const nonZero = this.evalSyncLoopArithStmt(step.arithStmt, rawState, io, touched, step.line);
-          rawState.status = nonZero ? 0 : 1;
-          continue;
-        } else if (step.printfVArgs !== void 0 && step.name !== void 0) {
-          const { formatted: formatted2, lastArg: pLastArg } = this.evalSyncPrintfStep(step.printfVArgs, rawState, io, step.line, step.cmd.words[0]?.plain === "echo");
-          rawState.variables[step.name] = formatted2;
-          touched.add(step.name);
-          lastArg = pLastArg;
-        } else if (step.isDiscardDevNull && step.discardWords !== void 0) {
-          lastArg = this.runSyncDiscardStep(step, rawState, io);
-        } else if (step.name !== void 0 && step.value !== void 0) {
-          rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
-          const val = this.fastValueWord(step.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, step.line);
-          if (step.append) {
-            const curRaw = rawState.variables[step.name];
-            const curStr = curRaw === void 0 ? "" : touched.has(step.name) ? curRaw : monitor.values.get(step.name, curRaw) ?? curRaw;
-            rawState.variables[step.name] = (typeof curStr === "string" ? curStr : "") + val;
-          } else rawState.variables[step.name] = val;
-          touched.add(step.name);
-          lastArg = "";
-        } else {
-          lastArg = step.cmd.words[0].plain;
-        }
-        rawState.status = step.name !== void 0 && step.value !== void 0 ? rawState.substitutionStatus : 0;
-      }
+      this.execSyncLoopSteps(bodyAssignments, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress, deferredMask);
       if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) {
         const act = this._syncLoopAction;
         this._syncLoopAction = void 0;
@@ -28569,7 +28110,7 @@ ${s1}
     }
     this.flushSyncStdoutBatch(io);
     if (!enteredBody) rawState.status = 0;
-    return { lastCmd, lastArg, lastInductionVal };
+    return { ...progress, lastInductionVal };
   }
   _syncLoopFnCheckDepth = 0;
   canSyncReadOnlyArraySubscripts(tree, rawState) {
@@ -28738,7 +28279,7 @@ ${s1}
       rawState.positional = savedPos;
     }
   }
-  execSyncFnStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, onUpdate) {
+  execSyncFnStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress) {
     const fnCall = step.fnCall;
     const fnArgs = [];
     for (let i = 0; i < fnCall.argWords.length; i++) {
@@ -28774,12 +28315,14 @@ ${s1}
         }
       }
       if (fnCall.steps.length > 0) {
-        this.execSyncLoopSteps(fnCall.steps, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, onUpdate);
+        this.execSyncLoopSteps(fnCall.steps, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress);
       } else {
         rawState.status = 0;
       }
       rawState.lastArgument = fnArgs.at(-1) ?? fnCall.name;
-      onUpdate({ lastCmd: step.cmd, lastArg: rawState.lastArgument });
+      progress.lastCmd = step.cmd;
+      progress.lastArg = rawState.lastArgument;
+      progress.pipelineStatus = rawState.status;
     } finally {
       for (let i = savedLocals.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
         const saved = savedLocals[i];
@@ -28795,16 +28338,10 @@ ${s1}
       this._fastSubPositional = prevFastSubPos;
     }
   }
-  execSyncNestedLoopStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, onUpdate) {
+  execSyncNestedLoopStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress) {
     const nl = step.nestedLoop;
     const lc = nl.loopCmd;
-    let innerLastCmd;
-    let innerLastArg = "";
     let innerStatus = 0;
-    const updateInner = (v) => {
-      innerLastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-      innerLastArg = v.lastArg;
-    };
     rawState.loopDepth++;
     try {
       if (lc.kind === "arithmetic-for") {
@@ -28817,7 +28354,7 @@ ${s1}
         while (this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(e1, rawState, nl.condLine)) {
           this.budget.loop();
           if ((++turn & 127) === 0) runYieldCheckpoint(this.signal);
-          this.execSyncLoopSteps(nl.steps, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, updateInner);
+          this.execSyncLoopSteps(nl.steps, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress);
           innerStatus = rawState.status;
           if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) {
             const act = this._syncLoopAction;
@@ -28834,7 +28371,7 @@ ${s1}
           this.budget.loop();
           if ((++turn & 127) === 0) runYieldCheckpoint(this.signal);
           rawState.variables[lc.name] = words[i];
-          this.execSyncLoopSteps(nl.steps, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, updateInner);
+          this.execSyncLoopSteps(nl.steps, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress);
           innerStatus = rawState.status;
           if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) {
             const act = this._syncLoopAction;
@@ -28847,15 +28384,14 @@ ${s1}
         while (true) {
           this.budget.tick();
           const condOk = nl.condExpr !== void 0 ? (this.tryEvalConditionalSync(nl.condExpr, rawState, monitor, arrayStore(rawState), io, nl.condLine) ?? 1) === 0 : this.evalSyncLoopArithStmt(nl.condArith, rawState, io, touched, nl.condLine);
-          if (nl.condCmd?.kind === "simple") {
-            innerLastCmd = nl.condCmd;
-            innerLastArg = this.fastValueWord(nl.condCmd.words[nl.condCmd.words.length - 1], rawState, io, false, false, false, true);
-          }
+          progress.lastCmd = nl.condCmd;
+          if (nl.condCmd?.kind === "simple") progress.lastArg = this.fastValueWord(nl.condCmd.words[nl.condCmd.words.length - 1], rawState, io, false, false, false, true);
           rawState.status = condOk ? 0 : 1;
+          progress.pipelineStatus = rawState.status;
           if (condOk !== (lc.kind === "while")) break;
           this.budget.loop();
           if ((++turn & 127) === 0) runYieldCheckpoint(this.signal);
-          this.execSyncLoopSteps(nl.steps, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, updateInner);
+          this.execSyncLoopSteps(nl.steps, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress);
           innerStatus = rawState.status;
           if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) {
             const act = this._syncLoopAction;
@@ -28868,16 +28404,15 @@ ${s1}
       rawState.loopDepth--;
     }
     rawState.status = innerStatus;
-    if (innerLastCmd) onUpdate({ lastCmd: innerLastCmd, lastArg: innerLastArg });
   }
-  execSyncCaseStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, onUpdate) {
+  execSyncCaseStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress) {
     const subj = this.fastValueWord(step.caseSubject, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, step.line);
     const work = { remaining: this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes, signal: this.signal, exhausted: () => this.budget.fail("maxExpansionBytes") };
     let chosen;
     for (let ci = 0; ci < step.caseClauses.length; ci++) {
       const cl = step.caseClauses[ci];
       for (let pi = 0; pi < cl.patterns.length; pi++) {
-        const pattern = cl.patterns[pi].plain ?? this.tryBuildSyncPatternWord(cl.patterns[pi], rawState, io, step.line);
+        const pattern = this.tryBuildSyncPatternWord(cl.patterns[pi], rawState, io, step.line);
         if (pattern !== void 0 && tryMatchesPatternSync(pattern, subj, work, false, false)) {
           chosen = cl.steps;
           break;
@@ -28888,17 +28423,19 @@ ${s1}
     if (!chosen) {
       rawState.status = 0;
     } else {
-      this.execSyncLoopSteps(chosen, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, onUpdate);
+      this.execSyncLoopSteps(chosen, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress);
     }
   }
-  execSyncIfStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, onUpdate) {
+  execSyncIfStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress) {
     let chosen;
     for (let bi = 0; bi < step.ifBranches.length; bi++) {
       const br = step.ifBranches[bi];
       this.budget.tick();
       const condOk = br.condExpr !== void 0 ? (this.tryEvalConditionalSync(br.condExpr, rawState, monitor, arrayStore(rawState), io, br.condLine) ?? 1) === 0 : this.evalSyncLoopArithStmt(br.cond, rawState, io, touched, br.condLine);
-      if (br.condCmd.kind === "simple") onUpdate({ lastCmd: br.condCmd, lastArg: this.fastValueWord(br.condCmd.words[br.condCmd.words.length - 1], rawState, io, false, false, false, true) });
+      progress.lastCmd = br.condCmd;
+      if (br.condCmd.kind === "simple") progress.lastArg = this.fastValueWord(br.condCmd.words[br.condCmd.words.length - 1], rawState, io, false, false, false, true);
       rawState.status = condOk ? 0 : 1;
+      progress.pipelineStatus = rawState.status;
       if (condOk) {
         chosen = br.steps;
         break;
@@ -28908,90 +28445,48 @@ ${s1}
     if (!chosen) {
       rawState.status = 0;
     } else {
-      this.execSyncLoopSteps(chosen, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, onUpdate);
+      this.execSyncLoopSteps(chosen, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress);
     }
   }
-  execSyncLoopSteps(steps, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, onUpdate) {
-    let lastCmd;
-    let lastArg = rawState.lastArgument ?? "";
+  execSyncLoopSteps(steps, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress, deferredMask = 0) {
     for (let b = 0; b < steps.length; b++) {
       const step = steps[b];
       if (step.listOperator !== void 0 && (step.listOperator === "&&" && rawState.status !== 0 || step.listOperator === "||" && rawState.status === 0)) continue;
-      if (step.caseClauses === void 0 && step.ifBranches === void 0 && step.nestedLoop === void 0) lastCmd = step.cmd;
       this.budget.tick();
-      if (step.loopAction !== void 0) {
-        lastArg = step.cmd.words[step.cmd.words.length - 1].plain;
-        rawState.status = 0;
-        this._syncLoopAction = step.loopAction;
-        onUpdate({ lastCmd, lastArg });
-        break;
-      }
-      if (step.unsetVars !== void 0) {
-        lastArg = this.execSyncUnsetStep(step, rawState, monitor, touched);
-        rawState.status = 0;
-        onUpdate({ lastCmd, lastArg });
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (step.localDecl !== void 0) {
-        lastArg = this.execSyncLocalDeclStep(step.localDecl, rawState, io, monitor, touched, step.line);
-        rawState.status = 0;
-        onUpdate({ lastCmd, lastArg });
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (step.shiftCount !== void 0) {
-        const shRes = this.execSyncShiftStep(step.shiftCount, step.cmd, rawState);
-        lastArg = shRes.lastArg;
-        rawState.status = shRes.status;
-        onUpdate({ lastCmd, lastArg });
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (step.readHereString !== void 0) {
-        lastArg = this.execSyncReadHereStringStep(step.readHereString, step, rawState, io, monitor, touched);
-        onUpdate({ lastCmd, lastArg });
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (step.nestedLoop !== void 0) {
-        this.execSyncNestedLoopStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-          lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-          lastArg = v.lastArg;
-          onUpdate(v);
-        });
-        continue;
-      } else if (step.fnCall !== void 0) {
-        this.execSyncFnStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-          lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-          lastArg = v.lastArg;
-          onUpdate(v);
-        });
-        continue;
-      } else if (step.caseClauses !== void 0) {
-        this.execSyncCaseStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-          lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-          lastArg = v.lastArg;
-          onUpdate(v);
-        });
-        if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) break;
-        continue;
-      } else if (step.ifBranches !== void 0) {
-        this.execSyncIfStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-          lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-          lastArg = v.lastArg;
-          onUpdate(v);
-        });
+      if (step.nestedLoop !== void 0 || step.fnCall !== void 0 || step.caseClauses !== void 0 || step.ifBranches !== void 0) {
+        this.flushSyncStdoutBatch(io);
+        if (step.nestedLoop !== void 0) this.execSyncNestedLoopStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress);
+        else if (step.fnCall !== void 0) this.execSyncFnStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress);
+        else if (step.caseClauses !== void 0) this.execSyncCaseStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress);
+        else this.execSyncIfStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress);
         if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) break;
         continue;
+      }
+      progress.lastCmd = step.cmd;
+      let status = 0;
+      if (step.loopAction !== void 0) {
+        progress.lastArg = step.cmd.words[step.cmd.words.length - 1].plain;
+        this._syncLoopAction = step.loopAction;
+      } else if (step.unsetVars !== void 0) {
+        progress.lastArg = this.execSyncUnsetStep(step, rawState, monitor, touched);
+      } else if (step.localDecl !== void 0) {
+        progress.lastArg = this.execSyncLocalDeclStep(step.localDecl, rawState, io, monitor, touched, step.line);
+      } else if (step.shiftCount !== void 0) {
+        const result = this.execSyncShiftStep(step.shiftCount, step.cmd, rawState);
+        progress.lastArg = result.lastArg;
+        status = result.status;
+      } else if (step.readHereString !== void 0) {
+        progress.lastArg = this.execSyncReadHereStringStep(step.readHereString, step, rawState, io, monitor, touched);
+        status = rawState.status;
+      } else if (deferredMask & 1 << b) {
+        progress.lastArg = "";
       } else if (step.condStmt !== void 0) {
-        const cStatus = this.tryEvalConditionalSync(step.condStmt, rawState, monitor, arrayStore(rawState), io, step.line) ?? 1;
+        status = this.tryEvalConditionalSync(step.condStmt, rawState, monitor, arrayStore(rawState), io, step.line) ?? 1;
         if (step.cmd.kind === "simple") {
-          lastArg = this.fastValueWord(step.cmd.words[step.cmd.words.length - 1], rawState, io, false, false, false, true);
-          onUpdate({ lastCmd, lastArg });
+          progress.lastArg = this.fastValueWord(step.cmd.words[step.cmd.words.length - 1], rawState, io, false, false, false, true);
         }
-        rawState.status = cStatus;
-        continue;
       } else if (step.arithStmt !== void 0) {
-        const nonZero = this.evalSyncLoopArithStmt(step.arithStmt, rawState, io, touched, step.line);
-        rawState.status = nonZero ? 0 : 1;
-        continue;
+        status = this.evalSyncLoopArithStmt(step.arithStmt, rawState, io, touched, step.line) ? 0 : 1;
       } else if (step.coalesceNext) {
         const nextStep = steps[++b];
         this.budget.tick();
@@ -29000,42 +28495,42 @@ ${s1}
         this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
         this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
         this.budget.bytes += encoded.byteLength;
-        lastCmd = nextStep.cmd;
-        lastArg = this.evalSyncRedirectWord(nextStep.value, rawState, io);
+        progress.lastCmd = nextStep.cmd;
+        progress.lastArg = this.evalSyncRedirectWord(nextStep.value, rawState, io);
       } else if (step.targetWord !== void 0 && step.value !== void 0) {
         if (this.isSimpleRedirectEchoWord(step.value)) {
           const encoded = this.encodeSyncRedirectWordsToScratch(step.value, void 0, rawState, io);
           this.writeSyncRedirectStep(step, encoded, step.append, mode, rawState, io);
           this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
           this.budget.bytes += encoded.byteLength;
-          lastArg = this.evalSyncRedirectWord(step.value, rawState, io);
+          progress.lastArg = this.evalSyncRedirectWord(step.value, rawState, io);
         } else {
           const val = this.fastValueWord(step.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, step.line);
           const encoded = fastSharedTextEncoder.encode(this.formatSyncEchoLine(val));
           this.writeSyncRedirectStep(step, encoded, step.append, mode, rawState, io);
           this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
           this.budget.bytes += encoded.byteLength;
-          lastArg = val;
+          progress.lastArg = val;
         }
       } else if (step.targetWord !== void 0 && step.printfVArgs !== void 0) {
-        const { formatted: formatted2, lastArg: pLastArg } = this.evalSyncPrintfStep(step.printfVArgs, rawState, io, step.line, step.cmd.words[0]?.plain === "echo");
+        const { formatted: formatted2, lastArg } = this.evalSyncPrintfStep(step.printfVArgs, rawState, io, step.line, step.cmd.words[0]?.plain === "echo");
         const encoded = fastSharedTextEncoder.encode(formatted2);
         this.writeSyncRedirectStep(step, encoded, step.append, mode, rawState, io);
         this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
         this.budget.bytes += encoded.byteLength;
-        lastArg = pLastArg;
+        progress.lastArg = lastArg;
       } else if (step.arrayAssign !== void 0) {
         if (!this.tryFastArrayAssignmentSync(step.arrayAssign, rawState, io, step.line, void 0, void 0, true)) {
           throw new Error("Synchronous loop array assignment was not executable");
         }
-        lastArg = "";
+        progress.lastArg = "";
       } else if (step.printfVArgs !== void 0 && step.name !== void 0) {
-        const { formatted: formatted2, lastArg: pLastArg } = this.evalSyncPrintfStep(step.printfVArgs, rawState, io, step.line, step.cmd.words[0]?.plain === "echo");
+        const { formatted: formatted2, lastArg } = this.evalSyncPrintfStep(step.printfVArgs, rawState, io, step.line, step.cmd.words[0]?.plain === "echo");
         rawState.variables[step.name] = formatted2;
         touched.add(step.name);
-        lastArg = pLastArg;
+        progress.lastArg = lastArg;
       } else if (step.isDiscardDevNull && step.discardWords !== void 0) {
-        lastArg = this.runSyncDiscardStep(step, rawState, io);
+        progress.lastArg = this.runSyncDiscardStep(step, rawState, io);
       } else if (step.name !== void 0 && step.value !== void 0) {
         rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
         const val = this.fastValueWord(step.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, step.line);
@@ -29045,165 +28540,32 @@ ${s1}
           rawState.variables[step.name] = (typeof curStr === "string" ? curStr : "") + val;
         } else rawState.variables[step.name] = val;
         touched.add(step.name);
-        lastArg = "";
+        progress.lastArg = "";
+        status = rawState.substitutionStatus;
       } else if (step.isStdoutEcho && step.value !== void 0) {
         const val = this.fastValueWord(step.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, step.line);
         this.writeSyncStdoutText(this.formatSyncEchoLine(val), io);
-        lastArg = val;
+        progress.lastArg = val;
       } else if (step.isStdoutEcho && step.printfVArgs !== void 0) {
-        const { formatted: formatted2, lastArg: pLastArg } = this.evalSyncPrintfStep(step.printfVArgs, rawState, io, step.line, step.cmd.words[0]?.plain === "echo");
+        const { formatted: formatted2, lastArg } = this.evalSyncPrintfStep(step.printfVArgs, rawState, io, step.line, step.cmd.words[0]?.plain === "echo");
         this.writeSyncStdoutText(formatted2, io);
-        lastArg = pLastArg;
+        progress.lastArg = lastArg;
       } else {
-        lastArg = step.cmd.words[0].plain;
+        progress.lastArg = step.cmd.words[0].plain;
       }
-      rawState.status = step.name !== void 0 && step.value !== void 0 ? rawState.substitutionStatus : 0;
-      onUpdate({ lastCmd, lastArg });
+      rawState.status = status;
+      progress.pipelineStatus = status;
+      if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) break;
     }
   }
   runSyncForFallback(varName, fastLoopWords, bodyAssignments, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode) {
-    let lastCmd;
-    let lastArg = rawState.lastArgument ?? "";
+    const progress = { lastCmd: void 0, lastArg: rawState.lastArgument ?? "", pipelineStatus: void 0 };
     let loopTurn = 0;
     for (let idx = 0; idx < fastLoopWords.length; idx++) {
       this.budget.loop();
       if ((++loopTurn & 127) === 0) runYieldCheckpoint(this.signal);
       rawState.variables[varName] = fastLoopWords[idx];
-      for (let b = 0; b < bodyAssignments.length; b++) {
-        const step = bodyAssignments[b];
-        if (step.listOperator !== void 0 && (step.listOperator === "&&" && rawState.status !== 0 || step.listOperator === "||" && rawState.status === 0)) continue;
-        if (step.caseClauses === void 0 && step.ifBranches === void 0 && step.nestedLoop === void 0) lastCmd = step.cmd;
-        this.budget.tick();
-        if (step.loopAction !== void 0) {
-          lastArg = step.cmd.words[step.cmd.words.length - 1].plain;
-          rawState.status = 0;
-          this._syncLoopAction = step.loopAction;
-          break;
-        }
-        if (step.unsetVars !== void 0) {
-          lastArg = this.execSyncUnsetStep(step, rawState, monitor, touched);
-          rawState.status = 0;
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (step.localDecl !== void 0) {
-          lastArg = this.execSyncLocalDeclStep(step.localDecl, rawState, io, monitor, touched, step.line);
-          rawState.status = 0;
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (step.shiftCount !== void 0) {
-          const shRes = this.execSyncShiftStep(step.shiftCount, step.cmd, rawState);
-          lastArg = shRes.lastArg;
-          rawState.status = shRes.status;
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (step.readHereString !== void 0) {
-          lastArg = this.execSyncReadHereStringStep(step.readHereString, step, rawState, io, monitor, touched);
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (step.coalesceNext) {
-          const nextStep = bodyAssignments[++b];
-          this.budget.tick();
-          const encoded = this.encodeSyncRedirectWordsToScratch(step.value, nextStep.value, rawState, io);
-          this.writeSyncRedirectStep(step, encoded, false, mode, rawState, io);
-          this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-          this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-          this.budget.bytes += encoded.byteLength;
-          lastCmd = nextStep.cmd;
-          lastArg = this.evalSyncRedirectWord(nextStep.value, rawState, io) ?? "";
-        } else if (step.targetWord !== void 0 && step.value !== void 0) {
-          if (this.isSimpleRedirectEchoWord(step.value)) {
-            const encoded = this.encodeSyncRedirectWordsToScratch(step.value, void 0, rawState, io);
-            this.writeSyncRedirectStep(step, encoded, step.append, mode, rawState, io);
-            this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-            this.budget.bytes += encoded.byteLength;
-            lastArg = this.evalSyncRedirectWord(step.value, rawState, io) ?? "";
-          } else {
-            const val = this.fastValueWord(step.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, step.line);
-            const encoded = fastSharedTextEncoder.encode(this.formatSyncEchoLine(val));
-            this.writeSyncRedirectStep(step, encoded, step.append, mode, rawState, io);
-            this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-            this.budget.bytes += encoded.byteLength;
-            lastArg = val;
-          }
-        } else if (step.targetWord !== void 0 && step.printfVArgs !== void 0) {
-          const { formatted: formatted2, lastArg: pLastArg } = this.evalSyncPrintfStep(step.printfVArgs, rawState, io, step.line, step.cmd.words[0]?.plain === "echo");
-          const encoded = fastSharedTextEncoder.encode(formatted2);
-          this.writeSyncRedirectStep(step, encoded, step.append, mode, rawState, io);
-          this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-          this.budget.bytes += encoded.byteLength;
-          lastArg = pLastArg;
-        } else if (step.nestedLoop !== void 0) {
-          this.execSyncNestedLoopStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-            lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-            lastArg = v.lastArg;
-          });
-          continue;
-        } else if (step.fnCall !== void 0) {
-          this.execSyncFnStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-            lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-            lastArg = v.lastArg;
-          });
-          continue;
-        } else if (step.caseClauses !== void 0) {
-          this.execSyncCaseStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-            lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-            lastArg = v.lastArg;
-          });
-          if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) break;
-          continue;
-        } else if (step.ifBranches !== void 0) {
-          this.execSyncIfStep(step, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, (v) => {
-            lastCmd = v.lastCmd;
-            lastArg = v.lastArg;
-          });
-          if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) break;
-          continue;
-        } else if (step.condStmt !== void 0) {
-          const cStatus = this.tryEvalConditionalSync(step.condStmt, rawState, monitor, arrayStore(rawState), io, step.line) ?? 1;
-          if (step.cmd.kind === "simple") {
-            lastArg = this.fastValueWord(step.cmd.words[step.cmd.words.length - 1], rawState, io, false, false, false, true);
-          }
-          rawState.status = cStatus;
-          continue;
-        } else if (step.arrayAssign !== void 0) {
-          if (!this.tryFastArrayAssignmentSync(step.arrayAssign, rawState, io, step.line, void 0, void 0, true)) {
-            throw new Error("Synchronous loop array assignment was not executable");
-          }
-          lastArg = "";
-        } else if (step.arithStmt !== void 0) {
-          const nonZero = this.evalSyncLoopArithStmt(step.arithStmt, rawState, io, touched, step.line);
-          rawState.status = nonZero ? 0 : 1;
-          continue;
-        } else if (step.printfVArgs !== void 0 && step.name !== void 0) {
-          const { formatted: formatted2, lastArg: pLastArg } = this.evalSyncPrintfStep(step.printfVArgs, rawState, io, step.line);
-          rawState.variables[step.name] = formatted2;
-          touched.add(step.name);
-          lastArg = pLastArg;
-        } else if (step.isDiscardDevNull && step.discardWords !== void 0) {
-          lastArg = this.runSyncDiscardStep(step, rawState, io);
-        } else if (step.name !== void 0 && step.value !== void 0) {
-          rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
-          const val = this.fastValueWord(step.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, step.line);
-          if (step.append) {
-            const curRaw = rawState.variables[step.name];
-            const curStr = curRaw === void 0 ? "" : touched.has(step.name) ? curRaw : monitor.values.get(step.name, curRaw) ?? curRaw;
-            rawState.variables[step.name] = (typeof curStr === "string" ? curStr : "") + val;
-          } else rawState.variables[step.name] = val;
-          touched.add(step.name);
-          lastArg = "";
-        } else if (step.isStdoutEcho && step.value !== void 0) {
-          const val = this.fastValueWord(step.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, step.line);
-          this.writeSyncStdoutText(this.formatSyncEchoLine(val), io);
-          lastArg = val;
-        } else if (step.isStdoutEcho && step.printfVArgs !== void 0) {
-          const { formatted: formatted2, lastArg: pLastArg } = this.evalSyncPrintfStep(step.printfVArgs, rawState, io, step.line, step.cmd.words[0]?.plain === "echo");
-          this.writeSyncStdoutText(formatted2, io);
-          lastArg = pLastArg;
-        } else {
-          lastArg = step.cmd.words[0].plain;
-        }
-        rawState.status = step.name !== void 0 && step.value !== void 0 ? rawState.substitutionStatus : 0;
-      }
+      this.execSyncLoopSteps(bodyAssignments, rawState, io, monitor, touched, mode, progress);
       if (this._syncLoopAction !== void 0) {
         const act = this._syncLoopAction;
         this._syncLoopAction = void 0;
@@ -29211,7 +28573,7 @@ ${s1}
       }
     }
     this.flushSyncStdoutBatch(io);
-    return { lastCmd, lastArg };
+    return progress;
   }
   async script(script, state, io, startListIndex = 0, startPipelineIndex = 0, skipFirstSync = false) {
     if (state.extensions?.syntax.indexedDeclarations?.includes("readonly")) io.assignmentDiagnosticContext ??= { name: void 0 };
@@ -29492,13 +28854,12 @@ ${s1}
                   try {
                     const isFastPure = isPureStage || runtime.isPureExternalStageCommand(command, rawStateForChild);
                     const forkedExt = isFastPure ? forkExtensions(state.extensions, "pipeline") : void 0;
-                    const child = isFastPure ? Object.assign(new RootShellState(rawStateForChild.cwd, rawStateForChild.variables, rawStateForChild.exported, forkedExt), rawStateForChild, {
+                    const child = isFastPure ? Object.assign(cloneRawState(rawStateForChild, false), {
                       extensions: forkedExt,
                       isolated: true,
                       _readOnlyStage: true
                     }) : tryCloneStateSync(state) ?? await cloneState(state, this.signal);
                     preparedChild = child;
-                    if (child._readOnlyStage) child.variables = { ...child.variables };
                     child.variables.BASH_SUBSHELL = String(Number(state.variables.BASH_SUBSHELL ?? 0) + 1);
                     if (!child._readOnlyStage) {
                       child.extensions = void 0;
@@ -29756,7 +29117,7 @@ ${s1}
         }
       }
     }
-    const extDef = this.getExternalCommand(firstName);
+    const extDef = this.commands.get(firstName);
     return extDef !== void 0 && !customRegisteredCommands.has(extDef.execute) && !customRegisteredRegistries.has(this.commands);
   }
   publishStatus(state, statuses, io, terminal) {
@@ -30031,7 +29392,7 @@ ${s1}
             }
             for (let pIdx = 0; pIdx < clause.patterns.length; pIdx++) {
               const pw = clause.patterns[pIdx];
-              const pStr = pw.plain ?? (pw.parts.length === 1 && pw.parts[0].kind === "text" && !pw.parts[0].quoted && !pw.parts[0].value.includes("~") ? pw.parts[0].value : void 0);
+              const pStr = this.tryBuildSyncPatternWord(pw, state, originalIO, diagnosticLine);
               if (pStr === void 0) {
                 allFast = false;
                 break;
@@ -31710,7 +31071,7 @@ ${s1}
       }
     }
     const scope = io[invocationScope].child();
-    const externalDef = typeof name2 === "string" ? this.getExternalCommand(name2) : void 0;
+    const externalDef = typeof name2 === "string" ? this.commands.get(name2) : void 0;
     const fastInline = !state.externalInvocation && this.middleware.length === 0 && typeof name2 === "string" && (!externalDef || !customRegisteredCommands.has(externalDef.execute) && !customRegisteredRegistries.has(this.commands)) && !(!bypassFunctions && state.functions.has(name2)) && !state.extensions?.builtins.has(name2) && name2 !== "." && name2 !== "source" && name2 !== "eval" && name2 !== "command" && name2 !== "builtin" && name2 !== "type" && name2 !== "read" && name2 !== "mapfile" && name2 !== "readarray";
     if (fastInline && externalDef !== void 0 && values.every((value) => typeof value === "string") && !implementedBuiltins.has(name2) && !(name2 === "printf" && externalDef.execute === printfCommand.execute && args[0]?.startsWith("-v"))) {
       try {
@@ -32158,7 +31519,7 @@ ${s1}
               return { exitCode: builtin };
             }
           }
-          const definition = this.getExternalCommand(context2.command);
+          const definition = this.commands.get(context2.command);
           if (context2.command === "printf" && definition?.execute === printfCommand.execute && context2.args[0]?.startsWith("-v")) {
             ensureRuntimeContext();
             return { exitCode: await this.printfVariable(context2, state, assignments2) };
@@ -32235,7 +31596,7 @@ ${s1}
     const matches = [];
     if (!bypassFunctions && state.functions.has(name2)) matches.push({ kind: "function", name: name2 });
     if (implementedBuiltins.has(name2) || state.extensions?.builtins.has(name2)) matches.push({ kind: "builtin", name: name2 });
-    else if (this.hasExternalCommand(name2)) matches.push({ kind: "command", name: name2 });
+    else if (this.commands.has(name2)) matches.push({ kind: "command", name: name2 });
     else if (name2 === "bash" || name2 === "sh") matches.push({ kind: "interpreter", name: name2 });
     if (state.profile === "sh" && (specialBuiltinNames.has(name2) || state.extensions?.builtins.get(name2)?.special)) matches.sort((left, right) => Number(right.kind === "builtin") - Number(left.kind === "builtin"));
     return matches;
@@ -32277,19 +31638,10 @@ ${s1}
     if (isBuiltin && state.profile === "sh" && (specialBuiltinNames.has(name2) || state.extensions?.builtins.get(name2)?.special)) return "builtin";
     if (!bypassFunctions && state.functions.has(name2)) return "function";
     if (isBuiltin) return "builtin";
-    if (this.hasExternalCommand(name2)) return "command";
+    if (this.commands.has(name2)) return "command";
     if (name2 === "bash" || name2 === "sh") return "interpreter";
     return void 0;
   }
-  getExternalCommand(name2) {
-    const direct = this.commands.get(name2);
-    if (direct) return direct;
-    if (this.commands.has("rg") || this.commands.has("grep")) return getRuntimeMuscleMemoryCommand(name2);
-    return void 0;
-  }
-  hasExternalCommand(name2) {
-    return this.getExternalCommand(name2) !== void 0;
-  }
   async discoveryBuiltin(context, state, io, assignments2, inheritedDefaultPath = false) {
     const args = [...context.args];
     const command = context.command === "command";
@@ -35653,7 +35005,7 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
         const name2 = this.referenceName(state, part.name);
         const binding = arrayStore(state)?.get(name2);
         const index = binding?.associative ? binding.keys.get("30")?.index ?? -1 : 0;
-        retained = binding?.getValue(index) ?? stateMonitor(state)?.values.get(name2, value) ?? value;
+        retained = name2 === "RANDOM" || name2 === "SECONDS" || name2 === "LINENO" ? value : binding?.getValue(index) ?? stateMonitor(state)?.values.get(name2, value) ?? value;
       } else if (/^0+$/u.test(part.name)) retained = stateMonitor(state)?.positionals.get(zeroPositionKey, value) ?? value;
       else if (/^[0-9]+$/u.test(part.name)) retained = stateMonitor(state)?.positionals.get(String(Number(part.name) - 1), value) ?? value;
       else if (part.name === "@" || part.name === "*") {
@@ -35984,6 +35336,7 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
     let out = "";
     for (let i = 0; i < word.parts.length; i++) {
       let resolvedPart = word.parts[i];
+      if (resolvedPart.kind === "variable" && (resolveSyncNameref(rawState, resolvedPart.name) === "RANDOM" || resolveSyncNameref(rawState, resolvedPart.name) === "SECONDS")) return void 0;
       if (resolvedPart.kind === "variable" && !resolvedPart.prefixNames && rawState.variableAttributes?.get(resolvedPart.name)?.includes("n")) {
         if (resolvedPart.indirect) return void 0;
         const resolvedName = resolveSyncNameref(rawState, resolvedPart.name);
@@ -36535,7 +35888,7 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
             let trimGlobRe;
             if (!patQuoted && hasGlobOrEscape(pat, !!rawState.extglob)) {
               if (rawState.nocasematch || byteLocale(rawVars)) return void 0;
-              if (isPrefixTrim && pat.charCodeAt(0) === 42 && !hasGlobOrEscape(pat.slice(1), !!rawState.extglob)) starWildcardLit = pat.slice(1);
+              if (isPrefixTrim && pat.charCodeAt(0) === 42 && !(rawState.extglob && pat.charCodeAt(1) === 40) && !hasGlobOrEscape(pat.slice(1), !!rawState.extglob)) starWildcardLit = pat.slice(1);
               else if (!isPrefixTrim && pat.charCodeAt(pat.length - 1) === 42 && !hasGlobOrEscape(pat.slice(0, -1), !!rawState.extglob)) starWildcardLit = pat.slice(0, -1);
               else {
                 trimGlobRe = tryCompileTrimGlobToRegex(pat, part.operator, !!rawState.extglob);
@@ -36688,6 +36041,7 @@ ${prefix} line ${offset + line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
         }
       } else if (part.kind === "substitution") {
         if (split && !part.quoted) return void 0;
+        if (!this._syncLoopInvariantSubMap?.has(part)) return void 0;
         const substVal = this.tryFastPureSubstitution(part, state, rawState, io);
         if (substVal === void 0) return void 0;
         out += substVal;
@@ -43736,7 +43090,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
       const p = word.parts[i];
       if (p.kind === "text") continue;
       if (p.kind === "variable") {
-        if (p.name === "BASH_SUBSHELL") return false;
+        if (p.name === "BASH_SUBSHELL" || p.name === "RANDOM" || p.name === "SECONDS") return false;
         if (!p.indirect && !p.prefixNames && !p.length && !p.substring && !p.transform && p.operator === void 0 && getArraySelector(p) === void 0 && (p.name === "?" || p.name === "#" || p.name.length === 1 && p.name >= "1" && p.name <= "9")) {
           const activePos = this._fastSubPositional ?? rawState.positional;
           if (rawState.nounset && p.name >= "1" && p.name <= "9" && activePos[p.name.charCodeAt(0) - 49] === void 0) return false;
@@ -43750,15 +43104,14 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
         continue;
       }
       if (p.kind === "arithmetic") {
-        if (p.expression.hasSubscript || p.expression.hasMutation || rawState.nounset) return false;
-        if (p.expression.error && (p.expression.source.includes("=") || p.expression.source.includes("++") || p.expression.source.includes("--"))) return false;
-        continue;
+        return false;
       }
       return false;
     }
     return true;
   }
   tryFastPureSubstitution(part, state, rawState, io) {
+    if (this.budget.limits.maxInputBytes !== Infinity) return void 0;
     const cachedInv = this._syncLoopInvariantSubMap?.get(part);
     if (cachedInv !== void 0 && !cachedInv.dynamic) {
       const nextTotalBytes = this.budget.bytes + cachedInv.outBytes;
@@ -43791,7 +43144,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
       const name2 = command.words[0]?.plain;
       if (!name2) continue;
       if (name2 === "fmt" && command === pipeline.commands[0] && command.redirects.length === 0 && !io.stdinIsDefault) return void 0;
-      const definition = this.getExternalCommand(name2);
+      const definition = this.commands.get(name2);
       if (definition && customRegisteredCommands.has(definition.execute)) return void 0;
       if (name2 === "uname" || name2 === "nproc" || name2 === "hostname" || name2 === "id" || name2 === "whoami") {
         if (!definition || !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(definition.execute)) return void 0;
@@ -43814,7 +43167,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
       }
       if (cmd0HereStringRedir && w0Plain0 === "cat" && cmd0.words.length !== 1) return void 0;
       if (!cmd0StdinRedir && !cmd0HereStringRedir && w0Plain0 === "cat" && cmd0.words.length < 2) return void 0;
-      const def0 = w0Plain0 === "printf" || w0Plain0 === "echo" || w0Plain0 === "cat" || w0Plain0 === "pwd" || w0Plain0 === "dirname" || w0Plain0 === "basename" ? this.commands.get(w0Plain0) : this.getExternalCommand(w0Plain0);
+      const def0 = this.commands.get(w0Plain0);
       if (!def0 || (w0Plain0 === "printf" ? def0.execute !== printfCommand.execute : w0Plain0 === "echo" ? !defaultEchoExecutors.has(def0.execute) : w0Plain0 === "cat" || w0Plain0 === "seq" || cmd0YesStage || cmd0SysStage || cmd0StdinRedir || cmd0HereStringRedir || cmd0FileStage ? w0Plain0 !== "rev" && w0Plain0 !== "tac" && w0Plain0 !== "nl" && w0Plain0 !== "paste" && w0Plain0 !== "comm" && w0Plain0 !== "join" && w0Plain0 !== "jq" && w0Plain0 !== "strings" && w0Plain0 !== "bc" && w0Plain0 !== "factor" && w0Plain0 !== "tsort" && w0Plain0 !== "envsubst" && w0Plain0 !== "xxd" && w0Plain0 !== "od" && w0Plain0 !== "hexdump" && w0Plain0 !== "hd" && w0Plain0 !== "fmt" && w0Plain0 !== "md5sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha1sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha224sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha256sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha384sum" && w0Plain0 !== "sha512sum" && w0Plain0 !== "cksum" && w0Plain0 !== "base32" && w0Plain0 !== "base64" && w0Plain0 !== "csvcut" && w0Plain0 !== "csvgrep" && w0Plain0 !== "dos2unix" && w0Plain0 !== "unix2dos" && w0Plain0 !== "iconv" && w0Plain0 !== "gzip" && w0Plain0 !== "gunzip" && w0Plain0 !== "zcat" && w0Plain0 !== "unzstd" && w0Plain0 !== "zstdcat" && w0Plain0 !== "htmlq" && w0Plain0 !== "xmllint" && w0Plain0 !== "xq" && w0Plain0 !== "yq" && w0Plain0 !== "mdq" && w0Plain0 !== "shuf" && w0Plain0 !== "html-to-markdown" && w0Plain0 !== "unrtf" && w0Plain0 !== "pr" && w0Plain0 !== "file" && w0Plain0 !== "diff3" && w0Plain0 !== "cmp" && w0Plain0 !== "which" && w0Plain0 !== "diff" && w0Plain0 !== "xan" && w0Plain0 !== "less" && w0Plain0 !== "more" && w0Plain0 !== "df" && w0Plain0 !== "du" && w0Plain0 !== "tree" && w0Plain0 !== "stat" && w0Plain0 !== "fd" && w0Plain0 !== "rg" && w0Plain0 !== "readlink" && w0Plain0 !== "realpath" && w0Plain0 !== "ls" && w0Plain0 !== "find" && w0Plain0 !== "csvlook" && w0Plain0 !== "csvjson" && w0Plain0 !== "csvsort" && w0Plain0 !== "csvformat" && w0Plain0 !== "csvstat" && w0Plain0 !== "in2csv" && w0Plain0 !== "csvstack" && w0Plain0 !== "csvjoin" && w0Plain0 !== "dd" && w0Plain0 !== "env" && w0Plain0 !== "xargs" && w0Plain0 !== "openssl" && w0Plain0 !== "sqlite3" && w0Plain0 !== "gpg" && w0Plain0 !== "ssh" && w0Plain0 !== "ssh-keygen" && w0Plain0 !== "pdfinfo" && w0Plain0 !== "pdffonts" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftotext" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftohtml" && w0Plain0 !== "exiftool" && w0Plain0 !== "qpdf" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftk" && w0Plain0 !== "sips" && w0Plain0 !== "identify" && w0Plain0 !== "magick" && w0Plain0 !== "convert" && w0Plain0 !== "pdfimages" && w0Plain0 !== "pdfdetach" && w0Plain0 !== "ffprobe" && w0Plain0 !== "ffmpeg" && w0Plain0 !== "gh" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftoppm" && w0Plain0 !== "pdftocairo" && w0Plain0 !== "mmdc" && w0Plain0 !== "pandoc" && w0Plain0 !== "soffice" && w0Plain0 !== "libreoffice" && w0Plain0 !== "ssconvert" && w0Plain0 !== "wkhtmltopdf" && w0Plain0 !== "op" && w0Plain0 !== "date" && w0Plain0 !== "printenv" && w0Plain0 !== "egrep" && w0Plain0 !== "fgrep" && w0Plain0 !== "yes" && w0Plain0 !== "cal" && w0Plain0 !== "ncal" && w0Plain0 !== "expr" && w0Plain0 !== "getopt" && w0Plain0 !== "pathchk" && !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(def0.execute) : customRegisteredCommands.has(def0.execute) || customRegisteredRegistries.has(this.commands))) return void 0;
       if (!this.arePureArgWords(cmd0.words, rawState)) return void 0;
       const n = pipeline.commands.length;
@@ -43827,7 +43180,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
         if (sCmd.kind !== "simple" || (i > 0 ? sCmd.redirects.length !== 0 : !cmd0StdinRedir && !cmd0HereStringRedir && !cmd0FileStage) || sCmd.words.length === 0) return void 0;
         const sName = sCmd.words[0].plain;
         if (!sName || hasShellFunction(rawState, sName) || rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(sName)) return void 0;
-        const extDef = this.getExternalCommand(sName);
+        const extDef = this.commands.get(sName);
         if (!extDef || (sName !== "cat" || startStageIdx === 0) && sName !== "rev" && sName !== "tac" && sName !== "nl" && sName !== "paste" && sName !== "column" && sName !== "fold" && sName !== "expand" && sName !== "unexpand" && sName !== "strings" && sName !== "comm" && sName !== "join" && sName !== "jq" && sName !== "bc" && sName !== "factor" && sName !== "tsort" && sName !== "envsubst" && sName !== "xxd" && sName !== "od" && sName !== "hexdump" && sName !== "hd" && sName !== "fmt" && sName !== "md5sum" && sName !== "sha1sum" && sName !== "sha224sum" && sName !== "sha256sum" && sName !== "sha384sum" && sName !== "sha512sum" && sName !== "cksum" && sName !== "base32" && sName !== "base64" && sName !== "csvcut" && sName !== "csvgrep" && sName !== "dos2unix" && sName !== "unix2dos" && sName !== "iconv" && sName !== "gzip" && sName !== "gunzip" && sName !== "zcat" && sName !== "unzstd" && sName !== "zstdcat" && sName !== "htmlq" && sName !== "xmllint" && sName !== "xq" && sName !== "yq" && sName !== "mdq" && sName !== "shuf" && sName !== "html-to-markdown" && sName !== "unrtf" && sName !== "pr" && sName !== "file" && sName !== "diff3" && sName !== "cmp" && sName !== "which" && sName !== "diff" && sName !== "xan" && sName !== "less" && sName !== "more" && sName !== "df" && sName !== "du" && sName !== "tree" && sName !== "stat" && sName !== "fd" && sName !== "rg" && sName !== "readlink" && sName !== "realpath" && sName !== "ls" && sName !== "find" && sName !== "csvlook" && sName !== "csvjson" && sName !== "csvsort" && sName !== "csvformat" && sName !== "csvstat" && sName !== "in2csv" && sName !== "csvstack" && sName !== "csvjoin" && sName !== "dd" && sName !== "xargs" && sName !== "openssl" && sName !== "sqlite3" && sName !== "gpg" && sName !== "ssh" && sName !== "ssh-keygen" && sName !== "pdfinfo" && sName !== "pdffonts" && sName !== "pdftotext" && sName !== "pdftohtml" && sName !== "exiftool" && sName !== "qpdf" && sName !== "pdftk" && sName !== "sips" && sName !== "identify" && sName !== "magick" && sName !== "convert" && sName !== "pdfimages" && sName !== "pdfdetach" && sName !== "ffprobe" && sName !== "ffmpeg" && sName !== "gh" && sName !== "pdftoppm" && sName !== "pdftocairo" && sName !== "mmdc" && sName !== "pandoc" && sName !== "soffice" && sName !== "libreoffice" && sName !== "ssconvert" && sName !== "wkhtmltopdf" && sName !== "op" && sName !== "date" && sName !== "cal" && sName !== "ncal" && sName !== "getopt" && sName !== "pathchk" && sName !== "printenv" && sName !== "env" && sName !== "egrep" && sName !== "fgrep" && !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(extDef.execute) || customRegisteredCommands.has(extDef.execute)) return void 0;
         if ((sName === "xxd" || sName === "od") && !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(extDef.execute)) return void 0;
         if (!this.arePureArgWords(sCmd.words, rawState)) return void 0;
@@ -44038,7 +43391,9 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
       }
       if (stage0Formatted === void 0 || stage0Formatted.length > 8192) return void 0;
       const stage0ByteLen = shellValueByteLength(stage0Formatted);
-      if (stage0ByteLen > sharedSyncPipeBuf0.byteLength) return void 0;
+      if (stage0ByteLen > 65536) return void 0;
+      const sharedSyncPipeBuf0 = new Uint8Array(65536);
+      const sharedSyncPipeBuf1 = new Uint8Array(65536);
       const nextBytes0 = this.budget.bytes + stage0ByteLen;
       if (nextBytes0 > this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi && stage0ByteLen > this.budget.limits.maxOutputBytes - this.budget.bytes) this.budget.fail("maxOutputBytes");
       const previousBytes = this.budget.bytes;
@@ -44758,7 +44113,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
         for (const cl of cmd.clauses) {
           let matched = false;
           for (const pw of cl.patterns) {
-            if (pw.plain !== void 0 && tryMatchesPatternSync(pw.plain, subj, work, false, false) === true) {
+            if (pw.plain !== void 0 && !pw.plain.startsWith("~") && tryMatchesPatternSync(pw.plain, subj, work, false, false) === true) {
               matched = true;
               break;
             }
@@ -44783,19 +44138,19 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
     if (!w0Plain || rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(w0Plain)) return void 0;
     if (w0Plain === "fmt" && !hasSingleStdinRedir && !hasSingleHereStringRedir && !io.stdinIsDefault) return void 0;
     if (w0Plain === "xxd" || w0Plain === "od" || w0Plain === "mktemp" || w0Plain === "chmod" || w0Plain === "uname" || w0Plain === "nproc" || w0Plain === "hostname" || w0Plain === "id" || w0Plain === "whoami") {
-      const definition = this.getExternalCommand(w0Plain);
+      const definition = this.commands.get(w0Plain);
       if (!definition || !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(definition.execute)) return void 0;
     }
     if (cmd.words.length === 2 && cmd.redirects.length === 0 && (cmd.words[1]?.plain === "--help" || cmd.words[1]?.plain === "--version")) {
       const gnuInfo = gnuInformationSync(w0Plain, [cmd.words[1].plain], false, (rawState.exported.has("POSIXLY_CORRECT") || rawState.allexport) && rawState.variables.POSIXLY_CORRECT !== void 0);
       if (gnuInfo !== void 0) {
-        const extDef = this.getExternalCommand(w0Plain);
+        const extDef = this.commands.get(w0Plain);
         if (!extDef || !builtInDirectContextExecutors.has(extDef.execute)) return void 0;
         return gnuInfo.replace(/\n+$/, "");
       }
     }
     const isSingleFileTool = w0Plain === "cat" || w0Plain === "head" || w0Plain === "tail" || w0Plain === "jq" || w0Plain === "awk" || w0Plain === "grep" || w0Plain === "egrep" || w0Plain === "fgrep" || w0Plain === "sed" || w0Plain === "cut" || w0Plain === "wc" || w0Plain === "sort" || w0Plain === "uniq" || w0Plain === "tr" || (w0Plain === "base64" || w0Plain === "rev" || w0Plain === "tac" || w0Plain === "nl" || w0Plain === "paste" || w0Plain === "numfmt" || w0Plain === "column" || w0Plain === "fold" || w0Plain === "expand" || w0Plain === "unexpand" || w0Plain === "strings" || w0Plain === "comm" || w0Plain === "join") || w0Plain === "comm" || w0Plain === "join" || w0Plain === "paste" || w0Plain === "numfmt" || w0Plain === "nl" || w0Plain === "expr" || w0Plain === "bc" || w0Plain === "xxd" || w0Plain === "od" || w0Plain === "factor" || w0Plain === "tsort" || w0Plain === "envsubst" || w0Plain === "hexdump" || w0Plain === "hd" || w0Plain === "fmt" || w0Plain === "uname" || w0Plain === "id" || w0Plain === "whoami" || w0Plain === "hostname" || w0Plain === "nproc" || w0Plain === "getconf" || w0Plain === "locale" || w0Plain === "csvcut" || w0Plain === "csvgrep" || w0Plain === "getopt" || w0Plain === "dos2unix" || w0Plain === "unix2dos" || w0Plain === "iconv" || w0Plain === "gzip" || w0Plain === "gunzip" || w0Plain === "zcat" || w0Plain === "unzstd" || w0Plain === "zstdcat" || w0Plain === "zstd" || w0Plain === "bzip2" || w0Plain === "bunzip2" || w0Plain === "bzcat" || w0Plain === "xz" || w0Plain === "unxz" || w0Plain === "xzcat" || w0Plain === "lzma" || w0Plain === "unlzma" || w0Plain === "lzcat" || w0Plain === "htmlq" || w0Plain === "xmllint" || w0Plain === "xq" || w0Plain === "yq" || w0Plain === "mdq" || w0Plain === "shuf" || w0Plain === "html-to-markdown" || w0Plain === "unrtf" || w0Plain === "pr" || w0Plain === "pathchk" || w0Plain === "file" || w0Plain === "diff3" || w0Plain === "cmp" || w0Plain === "which" || w0Plain === "diff" || w0Plain === "xan" || w0Plain === "less" || w0Plain === "more" || w0Plain === "df" || w0Plain === "du" || w0Plain === "tree" || w0Plain === "stat" || w0Plain === "fd" || w0Plain === "rg" || w0Plain === "readlink" || w0Plain === "realpath" || w0Plain === "ls" || w0Plain === "find" || w0Plain === "csvlook" || w0Plain === "csvjson" || w0Plain === "csvsort" || w0Plain === "csvformat" || w0Plain === "csvstat" || w0Plain === "in2csv" || w0Plain === "csvstack" || w0Plain === "csvjoin" || w0Plain === "dd" || w0Plain === "env" || w0Plain === "xargs" || w0Plain === "openssl" || w0Plain === "sqlite3" || w0Plain === "gpg" || w0Plain === "ssh" || w0Plain === "ssh-keygen" || w0Plain === "pdfinfo" || w0Plain === "pdffonts" || w0Plain === "pdftotext" || w0Plain === "pdftohtml" || w0Plain === "exiftool" || w0Plain === "qpdf" || w0Plain === "pdftk" || w0Plain === "sips" || w0Plain === "identify" || w0Plain === "magick" || w0Plain === "convert" || w0Plain === "mogrify" || w0Plain === "composite" || w0Plain === "montage" || w0Plain === "compare" || w0Plain === "pdfimages" || w0Plain === "pdfdetach" || w0Plain === "ffprobe" || w0Plain === "ffmpeg" || w0Plain === "gh" || w0Plain === "pdftoppm" || w0Plain === "pdftocairo" || w0Plain === "mmdc" || w0Plain === "pandoc" || w0Plain === "soffice" || w0Plain === "libreoffice" || w0Plain === "ssconvert" || w0Plain === "wkhtmltopdf" || w0Plain === "op" || w0Plain === "git" || w0Plain === "tar" || w0Plain === "unzip" || w0Plain === "zip" || w0Plain === "timeout" || w0Plain === "split" || w0Plain === "csplit" || w0Plain === "curl" || w0Plain === "wget" || w0Plain === "sponge" || w0Plain === "truncate" || w0Plain === "install" || w0Plain === "apply_patch" || w0Plain === "mktemp" || w0Plain === "tee" || w0Plain === "touch" || w0Plain === "cp" || w0Plain === "mv" || w0Plain === "rmdir" || w0Plain === "sleep" || w0Plain === "chmod" || w0Plain === "patch" || w0Plain === "mkdir" || w0Plain === "rm" || w0Plain === "ln" || w0Plain === "date" || w0Plain === "printenv" || w0Plain === "egrep" || w0Plain === "fgrep" || w0Plain === "cal" || w0Plain === "ncal" || w0Plain === "md5sum" || w0Plain === "sha1sum" || w0Plain === "sha224sum" || w0Plain === "sha256sum" || w0Plain === "sha384sum" || w0Plain === "sha512sum" || w0Plain === "cksum" || w0Plain === "base32";
-    if (isSingleFileTool && !hasShellFunction(rawState, w0Plain) && (this.commands.has(w0Plain) || (w0Plain === "base64" || w0Plain === "rev" || w0Plain === "tac" || w0Plain === "nl" || w0Plain === "paste" || w0Plain === "column" || w0Plain === "fold" || w0Plain === "expand" || w0Plain === "unexpand" || w0Plain === "strings" || w0Plain === "comm" || w0Plain === "join" || w0Plain === "expr" || w0Plain === "bc" || w0Plain === "xxd" || w0Plain === "od" || w0Plain === "factor" || w0Plain === "tsort" || w0Plain === "envsubst" || w0Plain === "hexdump" || w0Plain === "hd" || w0Plain === "fmt" || w0Plain === "uname" || w0Plain === "id" || w0Plain === "whoami" || w0Plain === "hostname" || w0Plain === "nproc" || w0Plain === "getconf" || w0Plain === "locale" || w0Plain === "csvcut" || w0Plain === "csvgrep" || w0Plain === "getopt" || w0Plain === "dos2unix" || w0Plain === "unix2dos" || w0Plain === "iconv" || w0Plain === "gzip" || w0Plain === "gunzip" || w0Plain === "zcat" || w0Plain === "unzstd" || w0Plain === "zstdcat" || w0Plain === "zstd" || w0Plain === "bzip2" || w0Plain === "bunzip2" || w0Plain === "bzcat" || w0Plain === "xz" || w0Plain === "unxz" || w0Plain === "xzcat" || w0Plain === "lzma" || w0Plain === "unlzma" || w0Plain === "lzcat" || w0Plain === "htmlq" || w0Plain === "xmllint" || w0Plain === "xq" || w0Plain === "yq" || w0Plain === "mdq" || w0Plain === "shuf" || w0Plain === "html-to-markdown" || w0Plain === "unrtf" || w0Plain === "pr" || w0Plain === "pathchk" || w0Plain === "file" || w0Plain === "diff3" || w0Plain === "cmp" || w0Plain === "which" || w0Plain === "diff" || w0Plain === "xan" || w0Plain === "less" || w0Plain === "more" || w0Plain === "df" || w0Plain === "du" || w0Plain === "tree" || w0Plain === "stat" || w0Plain === "fd" || w0Plain === "rg" || w0Plain === "readlink" || w0Plain === "realpath" || w0Plain === "ls" || w0Plain === "find" || w0Plain === "csvlook" || w0Plain === "csvjson" || w0Plain === "csvsort" || w0Plain === "csvformat" || w0Plain === "csvstat" || w0Plain === "in2csv" || w0Plain === "csvstack" || w0Plain === "csvjoin" || w0Plain === "dd" || w0Plain === "env" || w0Plain === "xargs" || w0Plain === "openssl" || w0Plain === "sqlite3" || w0Plain === "gpg" || w0Plain === "ssh" || w0Plain === "ssh-keygen" || w0Plain === "pdfinfo" || w0Plain === "pdffonts" || w0Plain === "pdftotext" || w0Plain === "pdftohtml" || w0Plain === "exiftool" || w0Plain === "qpdf" || w0Plain === "pdftk" || w0Plain === "sips" || w0Plain === "identify" || w0Plain === "magick" || w0Plain === "convert" || w0Plain === "mogrify" || w0Plain === "composite" || w0Plain === "montage" || w0Plain === "compare" || w0Plain === "pdfimages" || w0Plain === "pdfdetach" || w0Plain === "ffprobe" || w0Plain === "ffmpeg" || w0Plain === "gh" || w0Plain === "pdftoppm" || w0Plain === "pdftocairo" || w0Plain === "mmdc" || w0Plain === "pandoc" || w0Plain === "soffice" || w0Plain === "libreoffice" || w0Plain === "ssconvert" || w0Plain === "wkhtmltopdf" || w0Plain === "op" || w0Plain === "git" || w0Plain === "tar" || w0Plain === "unzip" || w0Plain === "zip" || w0Plain === "timeout" || w0Plain === "split" || w0Plain === "csplit" || w0Plain === "curl" || w0Plain === "wget" || w0Plain === "sponge" || w0Plain === "truncate" || w0Plain === "install" || w0Plain === "apply_patch" || w0Plain === "mktemp" || w0Plain === "tee" || w0Plain === "touch" || w0Plain === "cp" || w0Plain === "mv" || w0Plain === "rmdir" || w0Plain === "sleep" || w0Plain === "chmod" || w0Plain === "patch" || w0Plain === "mkdir" || w0Plain === "rm" || w0Plain === "ln" || w0Plain === "date" || w0Plain === "printenv" || w0Plain === "egrep" || w0Plain === "fgrep" || w0Plain === "cal" || w0Plain === "ncal" || w0Plain === "md5sum" || w0Plain === "sha1sum" || w0Plain === "sha224sum" || w0Plain === "sha256sum" || w0Plain === "sha384sum" || w0Plain === "sha512sum" || w0Plain === "cksum" || w0Plain === "base32") && Boolean(this.getExternalCommand(w0Plain)))) {
+    if (isSingleFileTool && !hasShellFunction(rawState, w0Plain) && (this.commands.has(w0Plain) || (w0Plain === "base64" || w0Plain === "rev" || w0Plain === "tac" || w0Plain === "nl" || w0Plain === "paste" || w0Plain === "column" || w0Plain === "fold" || w0Plain === "expand" || w0Plain === "unexpand" || w0Plain === "strings" || w0Plain === "comm" || w0Plain === "join" || w0Plain === "expr" || w0Plain === "bc" || w0Plain === "xxd" || w0Plain === "od" || w0Plain === "factor" || w0Plain === "tsort" || w0Plain === "envsubst" || w0Plain === "hexdump" || w0Plain === "hd" || w0Plain === "fmt" || w0Plain === "uname" || w0Plain === "id" || w0Plain === "whoami" || w0Plain === "hostname" || w0Plain === "nproc" || w0Plain === "getconf" || w0Plain === "locale" || w0Plain === "csvcut" || w0Plain === "csvgrep" || w0Plain === "getopt" || w0Plain === "dos2unix" || w0Plain === "unix2dos" || w0Plain === "iconv" || w0Plain === "gzip" || w0Plain === "gunzip" || w0Plain === "zcat" || w0Plain === "unzstd" || w0Plain === "zstdcat" || w0Plain === "zstd" || w0Plain === "bzip2" || w0Plain === "bunzip2" || w0Plain === "bzcat" || w0Plain === "xz" || w0Plain === "unxz" || w0Plain === "xzcat" || w0Plain === "lzma" || w0Plain === "unlzma" || w0Plain === "lzcat" || w0Plain === "htmlq" || w0Plain === "xmllint" || w0Plain === "xq" || w0Plain === "yq" || w0Plain === "mdq" || w0Plain === "shuf" || w0Plain === "html-to-markdown" || w0Plain === "unrtf" || w0Plain === "pr" || w0Plain === "pathchk" || w0Plain === "file" || w0Plain === "diff3" || w0Plain === "cmp" || w0Plain === "which" || w0Plain === "diff" || w0Plain === "xan" || w0Plain === "less" || w0Plain === "more" || w0Plain === "df" || w0Plain === "du" || w0Plain === "tree" || w0Plain === "stat" || w0Plain === "fd" || w0Plain === "rg" || w0Plain === "readlink" || w0Plain === "realpath" || w0Plain === "ls" || w0Plain === "find" || w0Plain === "csvlook" || w0Plain === "csvjson" || w0Plain === "csvsort" || w0Plain === "csvformat" || w0Plain === "csvstat" || w0Plain === "in2csv" || w0Plain === "csvstack" || w0Plain === "csvjoin" || w0Plain === "dd" || w0Plain === "env" || w0Plain === "xargs" || w0Plain === "openssl" || w0Plain === "sqlite3" || w0Plain === "gpg" || w0Plain === "ssh" || w0Plain === "ssh-keygen" || w0Plain === "pdfinfo" || w0Plain === "pdffonts" || w0Plain === "pdftotext" || w0Plain === "pdftohtml" || w0Plain === "exiftool" || w0Plain === "qpdf" || w0Plain === "pdftk" || w0Plain === "sips" || w0Plain === "identify" || w0Plain === "magick" || w0Plain === "convert" || w0Plain === "mogrify" || w0Plain === "composite" || w0Plain === "montage" || w0Plain === "compare" || w0Plain === "pdfimages" || w0Plain === "pdfdetach" || w0Plain === "ffprobe" || w0Plain === "ffmpeg" || w0Plain === "gh" || w0Plain === "pdftoppm" || w0Plain === "pdftocairo" || w0Plain === "mmdc" || w0Plain === "pandoc" || w0Plain === "soffice" || w0Plain === "libreoffice" || w0Plain === "ssconvert" || w0Plain === "wkhtmltopdf" || w0Plain === "op" || w0Plain === "git" || w0Plain === "tar" || w0Plain === "unzip" || w0Plain === "zip" || w0Plain === "timeout" || w0Plain === "split" || w0Plain === "csplit" || w0Plain === "curl" || w0Plain === "wget" || w0Plain === "sponge" || w0Plain === "truncate" || w0Plain === "install" || w0Plain === "apply_patch" || w0Plain === "mktemp" || w0Plain === "tee" || w0Plain === "touch" || w0Plain === "cp" || w0Plain === "mv" || w0Plain === "rmdir" || w0Plain === "sleep" || w0Plain === "chmod" || w0Plain === "patch" || w0Plain === "mkdir" || w0Plain === "rm" || w0Plain === "ln" || w0Plain === "date" || w0Plain === "printenv" || w0Plain === "egrep" || w0Plain === "fgrep" || w0Plain === "cal" || w0Plain === "ncal" || w0Plain === "md5sum" || w0Plain === "sha1sum" || w0Plain === "sha224sum" || w0Plain === "sha256sum" || w0Plain === "sha384sum" || w0Plain === "sha512sum" || w0Plain === "cksum" || w0Plain === "base32") && Boolean(this.commands.get(w0Plain)))) {
       const allArgs = [];
       let fOk = true;
       for (let i = 1; i < cmd.words.length; i++) {
@@ -44909,7 +44264,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
         }
       }
       if (fOk && (w0Plain === "date" || w0Plain === "printenv" || w0Plain === "env") && !hasSingleStdinRedir && !hasSingleHereStringRedir) {
-        const ext = this.getExternalCommand(w0Plain);
+        const ext = this.commands.get(w0Plain);
         const dpOut = w0Plain === "date" ? evalSyncDate(allArgs, rawState.exported.has("TZ") ? rawState.variables.TZ : void 0, ext?.execute, (p) => this.tryReadMemoryFileViewSync(resolvePath(rawState.cwd, p), true, true), (p) => this.tryInspectMemoryNodeSync(resolvePath(rawState.cwd, p), true, true)?.mtimeMs) : w0Plain === "env" ? evalSyncEnv(allArgs, rawState.exported, rawState.variables) : evalSyncPrintenv(allArgs, rawState.exported, rawState.variables, ext?.execute);
         if (dpOut !== void 0 && !dpOut.includes("\0")) {
           let res = dpOut;
@@ -44929,7 +44284,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
       if (fOk && (w0Plain === "df" || w0Plain === "du" || w0Plain === "tree" || w0Plain === "stat" || w0Plain === "fd" || w0Plain === "readlink" || w0Plain === "realpath" || w0Plain === "ls" || w0Plain === "find") && !hasSingleStdinRedir && !hasSingleHereStringRedir) {
         const inspectNode = (p) => this.tryInspectMemoryNodeSync(p, true);
         const inspectStat = (p, follow) => this.tryInspectMemoryNodeSync(p, true, follow);
-        const vfsOut = w0Plain === "df" ? evalSyncDf(allArgs, rawState.cwd, rawState.variables, inspectNode, this.getExternalCommand("df")?.execute) : w0Plain === "du" ? evalSyncDu(allArgs, rawState.cwd, rawState.variables, inspectNode) : w0Plain === "tree" ? evalSyncTree(allArgs, rawState.cwd, inspectNode) : w0Plain === "stat" ? evalSyncStat(allArgs, rawState.cwd, rawState.variables.QUOTING_STYLE, inspectStat) : w0Plain === "fd" ? evalSyncFd(allArgs, rawState.cwd, inspectNode) : w0Plain === "readlink" ? evalSyncReadlink(allArgs, rawState.cwd, inspectStat) : w0Plain === "realpath" ? evalSyncRealpath(allArgs, rawState.cwd, inspectStat) : w0Plain === "find" ? evalSyncFind(allArgs, rawState.cwd, inspectStat) : evalSyncLs(allArgs, rawState.cwd, inspectStat);
+        const vfsOut = w0Plain === "df" ? evalSyncDf(allArgs, rawState.cwd, rawState.variables, inspectNode, this.commands.get("df")?.execute) : w0Plain === "du" ? evalSyncDu(allArgs, rawState.cwd, rawState.variables, inspectNode) : w0Plain === "tree" ? evalSyncTree(allArgs, rawState.cwd, inspectNode) : w0Plain === "stat" ? evalSyncStat(allArgs, rawState.cwd, rawState.variables.QUOTING_STYLE, inspectStat) : w0Plain === "fd" ? evalSyncFd(allArgs, rawState.cwd, inspectNode) : w0Plain === "readlink" ? evalSyncReadlink(allArgs, rawState.cwd, inspectStat) : w0Plain === "realpath" ? evalSyncRealpath(allArgs, rawState.cwd, inspectStat) : w0Plain === "find" ? evalSyncFind(allArgs, rawState.cwd, inspectStat) : evalSyncLs(allArgs, rawState.cwd, inspectStat);
         if (vfsOut !== void 0 && !vfsOut.includes("\0")) {
           let res = vfsOut;
           const outBytes = shellValueByteLength(res);
@@ -45107,7 +44462,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
           } catch {
             return false;
           }
-        }) : w0Plain === "gh" ? syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncGh?.(this.getExternalCommand("gh").execute, allArgs, rawState.variables, rawState.cwd, readFile) : w0Plain === "pdftoppm" ? syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncPdftoppm?.(optInBytes, allArgs, readFile, (p, b) => {
+        }) : w0Plain === "gh" ? syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncGh?.(this.commands.get("gh").execute, allArgs, rawState.variables, rawState.cwd, readFile) : w0Plain === "pdftoppm" ? syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncPdftoppm?.(optInBytes, allArgs, readFile, (p, b) => {
           try {
             if (this._inSyncLoopPreflight) return Boolean(this.canFastMemoryRedirect && this._isMemoryBackingFs);
             const fp = resolvePath(rawState.cwd, p);
@@ -45157,7 +44512,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
           } catch {
             return false;
           }
-        }) : w0Plain === "ssconvert" ? syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncSsconvert?.(this.getExternalCommand("ssconvert").execute, allArgs, optInBytes, readFile, (p, b) => {
+        }) : w0Plain === "ssconvert" ? syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncSsconvert?.(this.commands.get("ssconvert").execute, allArgs, optInBytes, readFile, (p, b) => {
           try {
             if (this._inSyncLoopPreflight) return Boolean(this.canFastMemoryRedirect && this._isMemoryBackingFs);
             const fp = resolvePath(rawState.cwd, p);
@@ -45177,7 +44532,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
           } catch {
             return false;
           }
-        }) : w0Plain === "op" ? syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncOp?.(this.getExternalCommand("op").execute, allArgs, rawState.variables) : w0Plain === "git" ? syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncGit?.(optInBytes, allArgs, rawState.cwd, (p, follow) => this.tryInspectMemoryNodeSync(p, p === "/", follow), (p) => this.tryReadMemoryFileViewSync(p, false, true), this.getExternalCommand("git").execute, (p, b, m) => {
+        }) : w0Plain === "op" ? syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncOp?.(this.commands.get("op").execute, allArgs, rawState.variables) : w0Plain === "git" ? syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncGit?.(optInBytes, allArgs, rawState.cwd, (p, follow) => this.tryInspectMemoryNodeSync(p, p === "/", follow), (p) => this.tryReadMemoryFileViewSync(p, false, true), this.commands.get("git").execute, (p, b, m) => {
           try {
             if (this._inSyncLoopPreflight) return Boolean(this.canFastMemoryRedirect && this._isMemoryBackingFs);
             const dir = p.slice(0, p.lastIndexOf("/")) || "/";
@@ -45835,7 +45190,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
                 }
               });
             } else if (w0Plain === "gh") {
-              fileRes = syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncGh?.(this.getExternalCommand("gh").execute, opArgs, rawState.variables, rawState.cwd, (p) => this.tryReadMemoryFileViewSync(resolvePath(rawState.cwd, p), false));
+              fileRes = syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncGh?.(this.commands.get("gh").execute, opArgs, rawState.variables, rawState.cwd, (p) => this.tryReadMemoryFileViewSync(resolvePath(rawState.cwd, p), false));
             } else if (w0Plain === "pdftoppm") {
               const readFile = (p) => this.tryReadMemoryFileViewSync(resolvePath(rawState.cwd, p), true, true);
               fileRes = syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncPdftoppm?.(view, opArgs, readFile, (p, b) => {
@@ -45902,7 +45257,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
                 }
               });
             } else if (w0Plain === "ssconvert") {
-              fileRes = syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncSsconvert?.(this.getExternalCommand("ssconvert").execute, opArgs, view, (p) => this.tryReadMemoryFileViewSync(resolvePath(rawState.cwd, p), true, true), (p, b) => {
+              fileRes = syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncSsconvert?.(this.commands.get("ssconvert").execute, opArgs, view, (p) => this.tryReadMemoryFileViewSync(resolvePath(rawState.cwd, p), true, true), (p, b) => {
                 try {
                   if (this._inSyncLoopPreflight) return Boolean(this.canFastMemoryRedirect && this._isMemoryBackingFs);
                   const fp = resolvePath(rawState.cwd, p);
@@ -45927,9 +45282,9 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
                 }
               });
             } else if (w0Plain === "op") {
-              fileRes = syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncOp?.(this.getExternalCommand("op").execute, opArgs, rawState.variables);
+              fileRes = syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncOp?.(this.commands.get("op").execute, opArgs, rawState.variables);
             } else if (w0Plain === "git") {
-              fileRes = syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncGit?.(view, opArgs, rawState.cwd, (p, follow) => this.tryInspectMemoryNodeSync(p, p === "/", follow), (p) => this.tryReadMemoryFileViewSync(p, false, true), this.getExternalCommand("git").execute, (p, b, m) => {
+              fileRes = syncCommandEvaluators.evalSyncGit?.(view, opArgs, rawState.cwd, (p, follow) => this.tryInspectMemoryNodeSync(p, p === "/", follow), (p) => this.tryReadMemoryFileViewSync(p, false, true), this.commands.get("git").execute, (p, b, m) => {
                 try {
                   if (this._inSyncLoopPreflight) return Boolean(this.canFastMemoryRedirect && this._isMemoryBackingFs);
                   const dir = p.slice(0, p.lastIndexOf("/")) || "/";
@@ -46336,6 +45691,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
     }
     let fnPositional;
     if (rawState.functions.has(w0Plain)) {
+      if (rawState.functionDepth >= this.budget.limits.maxFunctionDepth) return void 0;
       if (rawState.depth + 1 >= this.budget.limits.maxSubstitutionDepth) return void 0;
       const fnBody = rawState.functions.get(w0Plain);
       if (fnBody.kind !== "group" || fnBody.redirects.length !== 0) return void 0;
@@ -46365,7 +45721,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
         const disc = typeof targetName === "string" ? this.tryResolveSyncDiscovery(w0Plain === "command" ? "name" : "kind", targetName, rawState) : void 0;
         if (disc !== void 0 && (disc.status === 0 || !rawState.errexit)) {
           if (disc.status === 0) {
-            const byteLength2 = (disc.text.length * 3 > 127 ? shellValueByteLength(disc.text) : disc.text.length) + 1;
+            const byteLength2 = shellValueByteLength(disc.text) + 1;
             const nextBytes2 = this.budget.bytes + byteLength2;
             if (nextBytes2 > this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi && byteLength2 > this.budget.limits.maxOutputBytes - this.budget.bytes) this.budget.fail("maxOutputBytes");
             this.budget.bytes = nextBytes2;
@@ -46380,7 +45736,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
       if (w0Plain === "pwd" && (cmd.words.length === 1 || cmd.words.length === 2 && (cmd.words[1]?.plain === "-L" || cmd.words[1]?.plain === "--logical")) && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "pwd") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("pwd")) {
         let res = rawState.cwd;
         while (res.endsWith("\n")) res = res.slice(0, -1);
-        const byteLength2 = (res.length * 3 > 127 ? shellValueByteLength(res) : res.length) + 1;
+        const byteLength2 = shellValueByteLength(res) + 1;
         const nextBytes2 = this.budget.bytes + byteLength2;
         if (nextBytes2 > this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi && byteLength2 > this.budget.limits.maxOutputBytes - this.budget.bytes) this.budget.fail("maxOutputBytes");
         this.budget.bytes = nextBytes2;
@@ -46391,7 +45747,7 @@ unsigned int ${ident}_len = ${view.byteLength};
         return res;
       }
       if (w0Plain !== "printf" && w0Plain !== "echo" && w0Plain !== "dirname" && w0Plain !== "basename" && w0Plain !== "seq") return void 0;
-      const def = w0Plain === "seq" ? this.getExternalCommand(w0Plain) : this.commands.get(w0Plain);
+      const def = this.commands.get(w0Plain);
       if (!def) return void 0;
       if (w0Plain === "printf" && def.execute !== printfCommand.execute) return void 0;
       if (w0Plain === "echo" && !defaultEchoExecutors.has(def.execute)) return void 0;
@@ -47296,6 +46652,7 @@ var RootShellState = class {
     this.status = 0;
     this.substitutionStatus = 0;
     this.lastArgument = "";
+    this.secondsOrigin = Date.now();
   }
   get exported() {
     const raw = stateMonitor(this)?.raw;
@@ -47611,8 +46968,6 @@ var EMPTY_CAPTURED_EXTENSIONS = captureShellExtensions([]);
 var sharedUtf8Decoder = new TextDecoder("utf-8", { ignoreBOM: true });
 var sharedUtf8Encoder = new TextEncoder();
 var EMPTY_SHELL_BYTES = new Uint8Array(0);
-var _cachedFastResultStdout = "\0";
-var _cachedFastResultPromise;
 var FastShellResult = class {
   constructor(stdout, stderr, exitCode) {
     this.stdout = typeof stdout === "string" ? stdout : sharedUtf8Decoder.decode(stdout);
@@ -47648,7 +47003,6 @@ var EMPTY_STDIN_OPTIONS = Object.freeze({
 });
 var EMPTY_EXEC_OPTIONS = Object.freeze({});
 var EMPTY_STDOUT_BYTES = new Uint8Array(0);
-var _execAnchor = new Array(13);
 var warmSyncExecJitWarmed = false;
 var parsedSourceCache = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
 var lastSourceCacheKey = "";
@@ -48117,26 +47471,6 @@ var Shell = class _Shell {
       let unit = firstCached.unit;
       let exitCode = 0;
       while (true) {
-        if (currentCachedUnit !== void 0 && (unit.script._fastConstEcho !== void 0 || currentCachedUnit.nextCached !== void 0 && currentCachedUnit.nextCached.unit.script._fastConstEcho !== void 0)) {
-          const batchEnd = runtime.tryRunFastConstEchoBatch(currentCachedUnit, source.length, currentState, io);
-          if (batchEnd !== void 0) {
-            currentCachedUnit = batchEnd;
-            unit = batchEnd.unit;
-            exitCode = 0;
-            if (unit.next >= source.length) break;
-            budget.signal.throwIfAborted();
-            const vars2 = currentState.variables;
-            const nextLocale2 = vars2.LC_ALL || vars2.LC_CTYPE || vars2.LANG ? byteLocale(vars2) : false;
-            const nextCached2 = currentCachedUnit.locale === nextLocale2 ? currentCachedUnit.nextCached : void 0;
-            if (nextCached2 !== void 0 && (!nextCached2.unit.script.warnings || nextCached2.unit.script.warnings.length === 0)) {
-              currentCachedUnit = nextCached2;
-              budget.parsing.admit(nextCached2.unitsCharged);
-              unit = nextCached2.unit;
-              continue;
-            }
-            return this.#continueWarmAsync(source, options, warm, sourceCache, void 0, unit, currentCachedUnit, exitCode);
-          }
-        }
         if (unit.script.lists.length) {
           const unitResult = runtime.runUnit(unit.script, currentState, io);
           if (unitResult instanceof Promise) {
@@ -48176,30 +47510,6 @@ var Shell = class _Shell {
         void scope.close();
       }
       cancellationState.close();
-      if (_execAnchor[10] === void 0) {
-        _execAnchor[10] = ensureStateMonitor(currentState, budget, scope);
-      }
-      if (source.length > 0) {
-        _execAnchor[0] = budget;
-        _execAnchor[1] = scope;
-        _execAnchor[2] = cancellationState;
-        _execAnchor[3] = owner;
-        _execAnchor[4] = warm.admission;
-        _execAnchor[5] = warm.boundary;
-        _execAnchor[6] = stdout;
-        _execAnchor[7] = stderr;
-        _execAnchor[8] = io;
-        _execAnchor[9] = currentState;
-        _execAnchor[11] = runtime;
-      }
-      if (exitCode === 0 && stderrOutput === "" && typeof stdoutOutput === "string") {
-        if (stdoutOutput === _cachedFastResultStdout && _cachedFastResultPromise !== void 0) {
-          return _cachedFastResultPromise;
-        }
-        _cachedFastResultStdout = stdoutOutput;
-        _cachedFastResultPromise = Promise.resolve(new FastShellResult(stdoutOutput, "", 0));
-        return _cachedFastResultPromise;
-      }
       return Promise.resolve(new FastShellResult(stdoutOutput, stderrOutput, exitCode));
     } catch (error) {
       return this.#failWarmAsync(warm, error);
@@ -48525,6 +47835,7 @@ var Shell = class _Shell {
           }
           variables.OPTIND = "1";
           variables.OPTERR = "1";
+          variables.IFS ??= " 	\n";
           currentState = new RootShellState(
             cwd,
             variables,
@@ -48655,9 +47966,8 @@ shell: -c: line ${line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
         void monitor.proxy.variables;
         monitor.values.prewarm();
         stdout.enableScratchBuffer();
-        stderr.enableScratchBuffer(true);
+        stderr.enableScratchBuffer();
         void runtime.canFastMemoryRedirect;
-        preverifyMemoryRgTree(runtime.backingFs);
         this.#warmedInvocation = {
           budget,
           scope,
@@ -48727,9 +48037,6 @@ shell: -c: line ${line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
   dispose() {
     if (this.#disposal) return this.#disposal;
     this.#disposed = true;
-    _execAnchor.fill(void 0);
-    _cachedFastResultStdout = "\0";
-    _cachedFastResultPromise = void 0;
     Runtime.clearStaticPools();
     clearAwkReaderPool();
     clearRgFastRunnerPool();
@@ -48765,82 +48072,6 @@ shell: -c: line ${line}: \`${source.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
   }
 };
 
-// packages/safe-bash/src/shell/worker-limits.ts
-init_platform();
-var cloudflareWorkerLimits = Object.freeze({
-  maxEnvSplitBytes: 131072,
-  maxEnvSplitArguments: 1e4,
-  maxEnvSplitExpansions: 32,
-  maxEnvSplitWork: 1048576,
-  maxDirectoryStackBytes: 4194304,
-  maxDirectoryDiagnosticBytes: 65792,
-  commandLimits: Object.freeze({ archive: Object.freeze({
-    maxArchiveBytes: 4 * 1024 * 1024,
-    maxInputMemoryBytes: 8 * 1024 * 1024,
-    maxEntryBytes: 4 * 1024 * 1024,
-    maxTotalBytes: 8 * 1024 * 1024,
-    maxMembers: 1e3,
-    maxPathBytes: 4 * 1024,
-    maxDepth: 64,
-    maxPaxBytes: 64 * 1024,
-    maxFilesFromBytes: 256 * 1024,
-    maxArgumentBytes: 256 * 1024,
-    maxTextBytes: 4 * 1024 * 1024,
-    maxDiagnosticBytes: 4 * 1024,
-    maxPatternSteps: 1e6,
-    maxBufferedFileBytes: 4 * 1024 * 1024,
-    chunkSize: 16 * 1024
-  }), htmlToMarkdown: Object.freeze({
-    maxInputBytes: 4 * 1024 * 1024,
-    maxOutputBytes: 4 * 1024 * 1024,
-    maxTokenBytes: 64 * 1024,
-    maxTokens: 3e4,
-    maxNodes: 1e4,
-    maxDepth: 64,
-    maxAttributes: 64,
-    maxTableCells: 1e4,
-    maxTableCellBytes: 64 * 1024,
-    maxFiles: 64,
-    maxArgumentBytes: 256 * 1024,
-    maxDiagnosticBytes: 4 * 1024,
-    maxWorkUnits: 32 * 1024 * 1024
-  }), split: Object.freeze({ maxSuffixLength: 255 }) }),
-  maxSyntaxDepth: 64,
-  maxAdmittedHandles: 64,
-  maxDescriptorOperations: 16,
-  maxDescriptorReadBytes: 65536,
-  maxCdWork: 8388608,
-  maxCdPathBytes: 65536,
-  maxCdProbes: 4097,
-  maxCdPathComponents: 4096,
-  maxDirectoryStackEntries: 4096,
-  maxDirectoryStackOutputBytes: 65536,
-  maxGlobstarStates: 1e5,
-  maxGlobstarDepth: 128,
-  maxGlobstarEntries: 1e5,
-  maxParseUnits: 65536,
-  maxInputBytes: 4 * 1024 * 1024,
-  maxOutputBytes: 4 * 1024 * 1024,
-  maxCommands: 1e3,
-  maxFileSystemOperations: 1e4,
-  maxPathComponents: 64,
-  maxPathnameComponents: 64,
-  maxRedirects: 64,
-  maxPipelineStages: 64,
-  maxLoopIterations: 1e3,
-  maxSubstitutionDepth: 16,
-  maxFunctionDepth: 16,
-  maxSourceBytes: 256 * 1024,
-  maxExpansionFields: 1e3,
-  maxExpansionBytes: 4 * 1024 * 1024,
-  maxWallClockMs: 1e4,
-  maxCpuMs: 1e4,
-  pipeHighWaterMark: 16 * 1024
-});
-
-// packages/safe-bash/src/shell/index.ts
-init_platform();
-
 export {
   createMemoryFileSystem,
   defaultMemoryFileSystemLimits,
@@ -48866,6 +48097,5 @@ export {
   createSearchCommands,
   searchCommands,
   evalSyncRg,
-  Shell,
-  cloudflareWorkerLimits
+  Shell
 };