@poe-platform/safe-bash 0.1.750 → 0.1.752

package/dist/safe-bash/shell/runtime.js

@@ -1245,8 +1245,6 @@ class DiscardCommandFailure extends CommandFailure {
 }
 class ParameterExpansionFailure extends ExpansionFailure {
 }
-class SubstringRangeFailure extends ExpansionFailure {
-}
 class NounsetFailure extends ExpansionFailure {
     status;
     constructor(message, line, status = 1) {
@@ -9796,10 +9794,19 @@ export class Runtime {
             // Matching publishes BASH_REMATCH. A sibling may still require fallback,
             // so only a standalone match can be attempted without replaying writes.
             if (expr.operator === "=~")
-                return depth === 0 && this.extractSimpleErePattern(expr.right, rawState) !== undefined;
+                return !requireTotal && depth === 0 && this.extractSimpleErePattern(expr.right, rawState) !== undefined;
             if (expr.operator === "==" || expr.operator === "=" || expr.operator === "!=") {
                 if (expr.right.parts.length > 0 && expr.right.parts.every(p => p.quoted))
                     return true;
+                if (requireTotal) {
+                    // Variable patterns can change during the loop. Only admit a static
+                    // pattern whose synchronous matcher is guaranteed to return a result.
+                    if (!expr.right.parts.every((p, idx) => p.kind === "text" && !p.byteValue && (p.quoted || idx > 0 || !p.value.startsWith("~"))))
+                        return false;
+                    const pattern = expr.right.parts.map(p => p.kind === "text" ? (p.quoted ? p.value.replace(/[\\*?[\]()]/g, "\\$&") : p.value) : "").join("");
+                    const work = { remaining: 4096, signal: this.signal, exhausted: () => this.budget.fail("maxExpansionBytes") };
+                    return tryMatchesPatternSync(pattern, "", work, false, true) !== undefined;
+                }
                 if (expr.right.parts.length > 0 && expr.right.parts.every((p, idx) => (p.kind === "text" && !p.byteValue && (p.quoted || idx > 0 || !p.value.startsWith("~"))) || (p.kind === "variable" && !p.indirect && !p.prefixNames && !p.length && !p.substring && !p.transform && p.operator === undefined && getArraySelector(p) === undefined)))
                     return true;
                 return false;
@@ -9988,7 +9995,10 @@ export class Runtime {
                     return undefined;
                 const syncTouched = this._syncArithRawWriteOnly ? this._syncArithTouched : undefined;
                 const lTrim = left.trim() || "0";
-                let lNum = resolveSimpleArithOperand(lTrim, rawState, monitor, store, syncTouched);
+                // Preserve all signed 64-bit literal digits instead of rounding through Number.
+                let lNum = lTrim.length > 13 && /^-?[0-9]{1,19}$/.test(lTrim)
+                    ? BigInt.asIntN(64, BigInt(lTrim))
+                    : resolveSimpleArithOperand(lTrim, rawState, monitor, store, syncTouched);
                 if (lNum === undefined) {
                     const lExpr = tryEvalSimpleExpandedArith(lTrim, rawState, monitor, store, syncTouched);
                     if (lExpr !== undefined)
@@ -9997,7 +10007,9 @@ export class Runtime {
                 if (lNum === undefined)
                     return undefined;
                 const rTrim = right.trim() || "0";
-                let rNum = resolveSimpleArithOperand(rTrim, rawState, monitor, store, syncTouched);
+                let rNum = rTrim.length > 13 && /^-?[0-9]{1,19}$/.test(rTrim)
+                    ? BigInt.asIntN(64, BigInt(rTrim))
+                    : resolveSimpleArithOperand(rTrim, rawState, monitor, store, syncTouched);
                 if (rNum === undefined) {
                     const rExpr = tryEvalSimpleExpandedArith(rTrim, rawState, monitor, store, syncTouched);
                     if (rExpr !== undefined)
@@ -10005,6 +10017,10 @@ export class Runtime {
                 }
                 if (rNum === undefined)
                     return undefined;
+                if (typeof lNum !== typeof rNum) {
+                    lNum = BigInt(lNum);
+                    rNum = BigInt(rNum);
+                }
                 let ok;
                 switch (expr.operator) {
                     case "-eq":
@@ -13026,7 +13042,6 @@ export class Runtime {
                         rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
                         if (rawState.variables._ !== undefined)
                             delete rawState.variables._;
-                        rawState.lastArgument = fnArgs.length > 0 ? fnArgs[fnArgs.length - 1] : w0Plain;
                         const positional = rawState.positional;
                         let fnArgsBytes = 0;
                         for (let i = 0; i < fnArgs.length; i++)
@@ -13240,7 +13255,6 @@ export class Runtime {
                                 rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
                                 if (rawState.variables._ !== undefined)
                                     delete rawState.variables._;
-                                rawState.lastArgument = lastCmdArg;
                                 rawState.depth++;
                                 let evalStatus;
                                 try {
@@ -13250,6 +13264,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                                     rawState.depth--;
                                 }
                                 if (typeof evalStatus === "number") {
+                                    rawState.lastArgument = lastCmdArg;
                                     if (cachedUnit.script.lists.length === 0) {
                                         const activeStore = monitor.store;
                                         const activeExisting = activeStore?.get("PIPESTATUS");
@@ -13589,6 +13604,11 @@ export class Runtime {
                 continue;
             }
             if (part.kind === "variable") {
+                // Unsubscripted array references expand element zero through the normal
+                // evaluator. fastValueWord cannot guarantee that expansion throughout
+                // a loop, so reject it before executing any loop effects.
+                if (stateMonitor(rawState)?.store?.get(part.name))
+                    return false;
                 // These expansions can require multiple fields or asynchronous quoting
                 // as loop state changes. Decide before the loop produces any effects.
                 if (this._syncLoopFnCheckDepth > 0 && (part.substring || getArraySelector(part)?.kind === "element"))
@@ -13653,21 +13673,17 @@ export class Runtime {
                     // their alternates rather than risking corruption or replay.
                     return false;
                 }
-                if (part.length || part.substring || part.operator !== undefined) {
+                // Substrings and pattern/case operators can decline as loop values
+                // change to Unicode or lengths become invalid. Loop steps cannot resume
+                // after that decline without corrupting assignments or replaying effects.
+                if (part.substring)
+                    return false;
+                if (part.length || part.operator !== undefined) {
                     if (this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes !== Infinity || rawState.depth >= 32 || rawState.nounset || rawState.nocasematch || byteLocale(rawState.variables) !== false) {
                         return false;
                     }
                     if (part.length) {
-                        if (part.operator !== undefined || part.substring)
-                            return false;
-                    }
-                    else if (part.substring) {
-                        if (part.operator !== undefined || !part.substring.offset.parts.every(p => p.kind === "text" || (p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring && !p.length)) || (part.substring.length && !part.substring.length.parts.every(p => p.kind === "text" || (p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring && !p.length)))) {
-                            return false;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else if (part.operator === "^" || part.operator === "^^" || part.operator === "," || part.operator === ",,") {
-                        if (part.alternate && part.alternate.parts.length > 0)
+                        if (part.operator !== undefined)
                             return false;
                     }
                     else if (part.operator === "-" || part.operator === ":-" || part.operator === "+" || part.operator === ":+") {
@@ -13676,29 +13692,6 @@ export class Runtime {
                         if (!this.isPureSyncValueWord(part.alternate, rawState, allowAt))
                             return false;
                     }
-                    else if (part.operator === "#" || part.operator === "##" || part.operator === "%" || part.operator === "%%") {
-                        if (!part.alternate || part.alternate.parts.length === 0)
-                            return false;
-                        const q0 = part.alternate.parts[0].quoted;
-                        const trimOp = part.operator;
-                        if (!part.alternate.parts.every((p, idx) => p.quoted === q0 && ((p.kind === "text" && !p.byteValue && (p.quoted || !hasGlobOrEscape(p.value, !!rawState.extglob) || (idx === 0 && (trimOp === "#" || trimOp === "##") && p.value === "*") || (idx === part.alternate.parts.length - 1 && (trimOp === "%" || trimOp === "%%") && p.value === "*") || (part.alternate.parts.length === 1 && Boolean(tryCompileTrimGlobToRegex(p.value, trimOp, !!rawState.extglob))))) || (p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring && !p.length && !p.indirect && !p.prefixNames && !p.specialParameter && !p.transform && (getArraySelector(p) === undefined || (p.name === "BASH_REMATCH" && getArraySelector(p)?.kind === "element" && /^[0-9]{1,2}$/.test(getArraySelector(p).index.decimal))) && isShellIdentifier(p.name))))) {
-                            return false;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else if (part.operator === "/" || part.operator === "//" || part.operator === "/#" || part.operator === "/%") {
-                        if (!part.alternate || part.alternate.parts.length === 0)
-                            return false;
-                        const q0 = part.alternate.parts[0].quoted;
-                        const repOp = part.operator;
-                        if (!part.alternate.parts.every(p => p.quoted === q0 && ((p.kind === "text" && !p.byteValue && (p.quoted || !hasGlobOrEscape(p.value, !!rawState.extglob) || (part.alternate.parts.length === 1 && Boolean(tryCompileFixedGlobToRegex(p.value, repOp, !!rawState.extglob))))) || (p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring && !p.length && !p.indirect && !p.prefixNames && !p.specialParameter && !p.transform && getArraySelector(p) === undefined && isShellIdentifier(p.name))))) {
-                            return false;
-                        }
-                        if (part.replacement && part.replacement.parts.length > 0) {
-                            if (!part.replacement.parts.every(p => ((p.kind === "text" && !p.byteValue && !p.value.includes("&") && !p.value.includes("\\") && (p.quoted || !p.value.startsWith("~"))) || (p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring && !p.length && !p.indirect && !p.prefixNames && !p.specialParameter && !p.transform && getArraySelector(p) === undefined && isShellIdentifier(p.name))))) {
-                                return false;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
                     else
                         return false;
                 }
@@ -13808,14 +13801,8 @@ export class Runtime {
                         return false;
                 }
                 else if (w0Plain === "echo") {
-                    const firstArg = cmd.words[1];
-                    if (firstArg) {
-                        const prefix = firstArg.parts.find(part => part.kind !== "text" || part.value.length > 0);
-                        // Substitution execution rejects options, including those that appear
-                        // only on later iterations. Require a stable non-option prefix.
-                        if (prefix?.kind !== "text" || prefix.value.startsWith("-"))
-                            return false;
-                    }
+                    if (!this.isSyncSubEchoCallOk(cmd, rawState))
+                        return false;
                 }
                 else if (w0Plain === "dirname" || w0Plain === "basename") {
                     const simArgs = [];
@@ -13887,11 +13874,11 @@ export class Runtime {
                 if (isNumOp && checkIntVars) {
                     const isGuaranteedIntWord = (w) => {
                         if (w.plain !== undefined)
-                            return /^-?[0-9]+$/.test(w.plain);
+                            return /^-?[0-9]{1,16}$/.test(w.plain);
                         if (w.parts.length === 1) {
                             const p0 = w.parts[0];
                             if (p0.kind === "arithmetic")
-                                return true;
+                                return false;
                             if (p0.kind === "variable" && !p0.indirect && !p0.prefixNames && !p0.substring && !p0.transform && p0.operator === undefined && getArraySelector(p0) === undefined) {
                                 if (script) {
                                     for (const lst of script.lists) {
@@ -13899,14 +13886,14 @@ export class Runtime {
                                             const c0 = pl.commands[0];
                                             if (c0?.kind === "simple" && c0.words.length === 1) {
                                                 const asg = this.assignment(c0.words[0]);
-                                                if (asg?.name === p0.name && (!asg.value.plain || !/^-?[0-9]+$/.test(asg.value.plain)))
+                                                if (asg?.name === p0.name && (!asg.value.plain || !/^-?[0-9]{1,16}$/.test(asg.value.plain)))
                                                     return false;
                                             }
                                         }
                                     }
                                 }
                                 const cur = rawState.variables[p0.name];
-                                return cur === undefined || /^-?[0-9]+$/.test(cur);
+                                return cur === undefined || /^-?[0-9]{1,16}$/.test(cur);
                             }
                         }
                         return false;
@@ -14034,6 +14021,10 @@ export class Runtime {
             return true;
         if (words.length === 0 || words.length > 64)
             return false;
+        // Slice expressions and member transformations may stop being synchronous
+        // after body mutations. Preserve member expansion through the normal path.
+        if (words.some(w => w.parts.some(p => p.kind === "variable" && (p.substring || p.operator !== undefined || p.transform))))
+            return false;
         if (words.length === 1 && this.isQuotedAtWord(words[0]))
             return true;
         // Unquoted expansions need splitting and globbing against the state at
@@ -14075,9 +14066,10 @@ export class Runtime {
         }
         if (words.length === 1) {
             const w0 = words[0];
-            const arrMembers = this.tryExpandSyncArrayMembersWord(w0, rawState, io, line);
-            if (arrMembers !== undefined)
-                return arrMembers;
+            if (this.canSyncArrayMembersWord(w0, rawState)) {
+                // Member words must never degrade into a single joined scalar word.
+                return this.tryExpandSyncArrayMembersWord(w0, rawState, io, line);
+            }
             const p0 = w0.parts.length === 1 ? w0.parts[0] : (w0.parts.length === 2 && w0.parts[0].kind === "text" && w0.parts[0].value === "" ? w0.parts[1] : undefined);
             if (p0 && !p0.quoted && (rawState.variables.IFS === undefined || rawState.variables.IFS === " \t\n") && !rawState.noglob) {
                 if (p0.kind === "variable" && !p0.indirect && !p0.prefixNames && !p0.length && !p0.transform && getArraySelector(p0) === undefined) {
@@ -14307,6 +14299,45 @@ export class Runtime {
         }
         return { ifsWord, varNames, isBareReply, inputWord: r0.target, ...(delimChar !== undefined ? { delimChar } : {}), ...(maxChars !== undefined ? { maxChars } : {}), ...(exactChars !== undefined ? { exactChars } : {}) };
     }
+    canSyncLoopConditionalOperands(expression, rawState, allowRegex = true) {
+        const checkLeaf = (e) => {
+            if (e.kind === "nonempty")
+                return this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.operand, rawState);
+            if (e.kind === "unary")
+                return (e.operator === "-n" || e.operator === "-z" || e.operator === "-v" || (syncConditionalFileUnaryOps.has(e.operator) && this._isMemoryBackingFs && this.canFastMemoryRedirect && this.budget.limits.maxFileSystemOperations >= 1000 && (this._fileWrites === undefined || this._fileWrites.size === 0) && (this._outputFiles === undefined || this._outputFiles.size === 0))) && this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.operand, rawState);
+            if (e.kind === "binary") {
+                if (e.operator === "=~") {
+                    if (!allowRegex)
+                        return false;
+                    const patInfo = this.extractSimpleErePattern(e.right, rawState);
+                    // A variable pattern can change through expansions or called functions.
+                    if (patInfo?.isVar)
+                        return false;
+                    return this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.left, rawState) && this.getFastAnchoredEreRegex(e.right, rawState) !== undefined && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has("BASH_REMATCH") && !rawState.exported.has("BASH_REMATCH") && !stateMonitor(rawState)?.hasOverlay("BASH_REMATCH") && !(stateMonitor(rawState)?.store ?? requireArrays(rawState))?.watches.has("BASH_REMATCH");
+                }
+                // A synchronous loop cannot hand off an unsupported pattern mid-iteration.
+                return this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.left, rawState) && this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.right, rawState) && (!(e.operator === "==" || e.operator === "=" || e.operator === "!=") || (e.right.parts.length > 0 && e.right.parts.every(p => p.quoted)));
+            }
+            if (e.kind === "not")
+                return checkLeaf(e.operand);
+            if (e.kind === "and" || e.kind === "or")
+                return checkLeaf(e.left) && checkLeaf(e.right);
+            return false;
+        };
+        return checkLeaf(expression);
+    }
+    isSyncSubEchoCallOk(cmd, rawState) {
+        if (!this.isSyncEchoCallOk(cmd, rawState))
+            return false;
+        if (!cmd.words.slice(1).every(w => w.parts.length > 0 && w.parts.every(part => part.quoted || (part.kind === "text" && part.value.length > 0 && !part.value.includes(" ") && !part.value.includes("\t") && !part.value.includes("\n") && !part.value.includes("{") && !hasGlobOrEscape(part.value, true)))))
+            return false;
+        const firstArg = cmd.words[1];
+        if (!firstArg)
+            return true;
+        const prefix = firstArg.parts.find(part => part.kind !== "text" || part.value.length > 0);
+        // Substitution execution cannot resume when an option appears mid-loop.
+        return prefix?.kind === "text" && !prefix.value.startsWith("-");
+    }
     isPureSyncSubIfOrCase(cmd, rawState) {
         if (cmd.redirects.length !== 0)
             return false;
@@ -14321,7 +14352,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                 return false;
             const w0 = sc.words[0]?.plain;
             if (w0 === "echo")
-                return this.isSyncEchoCallOk(sc, rawState);
+                return this.isSyncSubEchoCallOk(sc, rawState);
             if (w0 === "printf" && sc.words[1]?.plain !== "-v")
                 return this.isSyncPrintfCallOk(sc, 1, rawState);
             return false;
@@ -14341,11 +14372,13 @@ export class Runtime {
                 else if (bc.kind === "conditional") {
                     if (bc.redirects.length !== 0 || rawState.nocasematch || byteLocale(rawState.variables) || !this.canSyncConditional(bc.expression, 0, rawState, true))
                         return false;
-                    if (bc.expression.kind === "binary" && bc.expression.operator === "=~")
+                    if (!this.canSyncLoopConditionalOperands(bc.expression, rawState, false))
                         return false;
                 }
-                else if (!this.extractPosixBracketCondExpr(bc, rawState, true, br.body)) {
-                    return false;
+                else {
+                    const expression = this.extractPosixBracketCondExpr(bc, rawState, true, br.body);
+                    if (!expression || !this.canSyncLoopConditionalOperands(expression, rawState, false))
+                        return false;
                 }
                 if (!isSimpleEchoOrPrintf(br.body))
                     return false;
@@ -14383,29 +14416,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                 const canSyncLoopCondCmd = (c) => {
                     if (c.redirects.length !== 0 || rawState.nocasematch || byteLocale(rawState.variables) || !this.canSyncConditional(c.expression, 0, rawState, true))
                         return false;
-                    const checkLeaf = (e) => {
-                        if (e.kind === "nonempty")
-                            return this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.operand, rawState);
-                        if (e.kind === "unary")
-                            return (e.operator === "-n" || e.operator === "-z" || e.operator === "-v" || (syncConditionalFileUnaryOps.has(e.operator) && this._isMemoryBackingFs && this.canFastMemoryRedirect && this.budget.limits.maxFileSystemOperations >= 1000 && (this._fileWrites === undefined || this._fileWrites.size === 0) && (this._outputFiles === undefined || this._outputFiles.size === 0))) && this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.operand, rawState);
-                        if (e.kind === "binary") {
-                            if (e.operator === "=~") {
-                                const patInfo = this.extractSimpleErePattern(e.right, rawState);
-                                // A variable pattern can change through expansions or called functions.
-                                if (patInfo?.isVar)
-                                    return false;
-                                return this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.left, rawState) && this.getFastAnchoredEreRegex(e.right, rawState) !== undefined && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has("BASH_REMATCH") && !rawState.exported.has("BASH_REMATCH") && !stateMonitor(rawState)?.hasOverlay("BASH_REMATCH") && !(store ?? requireArrays(rawState))?.watches.has("BASH_REMATCH");
-                            }
-                            // A synchronous loop cannot hand off an unsupported pattern mid-iteration.
-                            return this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.left, rawState) && this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.right, rawState) && (!(e.operator === "==" || e.operator === "=" || e.operator === "!=") || (e.right.parts.length > 0 && e.right.parts.every(p => p.quoted)));
-                        }
-                        if (e.kind === "not")
-                            return checkLeaf(e.operand);
-                        if (e.kind === "and" || e.kind === "or")
-                            return checkLeaf(e.left) && checkLeaf(e.right);
-                        return false;
-                    };
-                    return checkLeaf(c.expression);
+                    return this.canSyncLoopConditionalOperands(c.expression, rawState);
                 };
                 if (cmd.kind === "arithmetic") {
                     if (cmd.redirects.length === 0) {
@@ -14577,11 +14588,16 @@ export class Runtime {
                         (w0DevPlain === "pwd" || this.commands.has(w0DevPlain))) {
                         const devWordOk = (w) => this.isPureSyncValueWord(w, rawState) &&
                             w.parts.every(p => p.quoted || (p.kind === "text" && p.value.length > 0 && !p.value.includes(" ") && !p.value.includes("\t") && !p.value.includes("\n") && !p.value.includes("{") && !hasGlobOrEscape(p.value, true)));
+                        // Only a nonempty literal prefix proves an expansion cannot become an option.
+                        const devOperandOk = (w) => {
+                            const first = w.parts[0];
+                            return first?.kind === "text" && first.value.length > 0 && !first.value.startsWith("-") && devWordOk(w);
+                        };
                         const devShapeOk = (w0DevPlain === "pwd" && cmd.words.length === 1) ||
-                            ((w0DevPlain === "dirname" || w0DevPlain === "echo") && cmd.words.length === 2 && !cmd.words[1].plain?.startsWith("-") && devWordOk(cmd.words[1])) ||
-                            (w0DevPlain === "basename" && ((cmd.words.length === 2 && !cmd.words[1].plain?.startsWith("-") && devWordOk(cmd.words[1])) ||
-                                (cmd.words.length === 3 && !cmd.words[1].plain?.startsWith("-") && devWordOk(cmd.words[1]) && devWordOk(cmd.words[2])) ||
-                                (cmd.words.length === 4 && cmd.words[1].plain === "-s" && cmd.words[2].plain !== undefined && !cmd.words[3].plain?.startsWith("-") && devWordOk(cmd.words[3]))));
+                            ((w0DevPlain === "dirname" || w0DevPlain === "echo") && cmd.words.length === 2 && devOperandOk(cmd.words[1])) ||
+                            (w0DevPlain === "basename" && ((cmd.words.length === 2 && devOperandOk(cmd.words[1])) ||
+                                (cmd.words.length === 3 && devOperandOk(cmd.words[1]) && devWordOk(cmd.words[2])) ||
+                                (cmd.words.length === 4 && cmd.words[1].plain === "-s" && cmd.words[2].plain !== undefined && devOperandOk(cmd.words[3]))));
                         if (devShapeOk)
                             continue;
                     }
@@ -14722,9 +14738,9 @@ export class Runtime {
                     return false;
                 }
                 const assignment = this.assignment(w0);
-                // Eligibility is checked against the entry locale. Changing it can make
-                // otherwise pure expansions require the asynchronous byte-aware path.
-                if (assignment && (assignment.name === "LC_ALL" || assignment.name === "LC_CTYPE" || assignment.name === "LC_COLLATE" || assignment.name === "LANG"))
+                // Eligibility uses the entry locale and IFS. Mutations can require
+                // field splitting or byte-aware expansion during a later iteration.
+                if (assignment && (assignment.name === "IFS" || assignment.name === "LC_ALL" || assignment.name === "LC_CTYPE" || assignment.name === "LC_COLLATE" || assignment.name === "LANG"))
                     return false;
                 if (!assignment || (assignment.append && this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes !== Infinity) || assignment.name === "OPTIND" || assignment.name === "PIPESTATUS" || assignment.name.includes("[") || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(assignment.name) || rawState.variableAttributes?.get(assignment.name) || store?.get(assignment.name) || !this.isPureSyncValueWord(assignment.value, rawState)) {
                     return false;
@@ -15705,7 +15721,8 @@ export class Runtime {
                         }
                         else {
                             monitor.values.invalidate(varName);
-                            monitor.proxy.exported.delete(varName);
+                            if (!rawState.exported.has(varName))
+                                monitor.proxy.exported.delete(varName);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -16146,7 +16163,8 @@ export class Runtime {
                     }
                     else {
                         monitor.values.invalidate(varName);
-                        monitor.proxy.exported.delete(varName);
+                        if (!rawState.exported.has(varName))
+                            monitor.proxy.exported.delete(varName);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -16686,7 +16704,24 @@ export class Runtime {
                     }
                     if (command.kind !== "simple" || hasShellFunction(rawState, command.words[0]?.plain ?? "") || command.words.some(word => getArrayAssignment(word) !== undefined))
                         return false;
-                    const w0 = command.words[0]?.plain;
+                    let commandIndex = 0;
+                    while (commandIndex < command.words.length && this.assignment(command.words[commandIndex]))
+                        commandIndex++;
+                    const commandWord = command.words[commandIndex];
+                    if (!commandWord?.parts.every(part => part.kind === "text"))
+                        return false;
+                    const w0 = commandWord.parts.map(part => part.kind === "text" ? part.value : "").join("");
+                    // read targets and printf -v targets may be quoted or expanded. Both can
+                    // invalidate the integer assumption used by induction formatting.
+                    if (w0 === "read")
+                        return false;
+                    if (w0 === "printf") {
+                        const option = command.words[commandIndex + 1];
+                        if (!option?.parts.every(part => part.kind === "text"))
+                            return false;
+                        if (option.parts.map(part => part.kind === "text" ? part.value : "").join("") === "-v")
+                            return false;
+                    }
                     if (w0 === "let" || w0 === "declare" || w0 === "typeset" || w0 === "local" || w0 === "export" || w0 === "unset" || w0 === "mapfile" || w0 === "readarray")
                         return false;
                     if (inductionName !== undefined) {
@@ -16695,10 +16730,6 @@ export class Runtime {
                             return p0?.kind === "text" && !p0.quoted && (p0.value.startsWith(inductionName + "=") || p0.value.startsWith(inductionName + "+="));
                         }))
                             return false;
-                        if (w0 === "read" && (inductionName === "REPLY" || command.words.slice(1).some(w => w.plain === inductionName || w.plain === "-a" || w.plain === "-ra" || w.plain === "-ar")))
-                            return false;
-                        if (w0 === "printf" && command.words[1]?.plain === "-v" && command.words[2]?.plain === inductionName)
-                            return false;
                     }
                     for (const word of [...command.words, ...command.redirects.map(redirect => redirect.target)])
                         for (const part of word.parts) {
@@ -16977,6 +17008,7 @@ export class Runtime {
     execSyncLocalDeclStep(decl, rawState, io, monitor, touched, line) {
         const locals = (decl.kind === "local" || decl.kind === "declare") && rawState.locals.length > 0 ? rawState.locals[rawState.locals.length - 1] : undefined;
         let lastArg = decl.kind;
+        const values = decl.items.map(item => item.value === undefined ? undefined : this.fastValueWord(item.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, rawState.braceexpand !== false, 0, line));
         for (let i = 0; i < decl.items.length; i++) {
             const item = decl.items[i];
             const isNewLocal = locals ? !locals.has(item.name) : false;
@@ -16994,7 +17026,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                 touched.add(item.name);
             }
             if (item.value !== undefined) {
-                const val = this.fastValueWord(item.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, rawState.braceexpand !== false, 0, line);
+                const val = values[i];
                 if (item.append) {
                     const curRaw = rawState.variables[item.name];
                     const curStr = curRaw === undefined ? "" : (touched.has(item.name) ? curRaw : (monitor.values.get(item.name, curRaw) ?? curRaw));
@@ -17004,7 +17036,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                     rawState.variables[item.name] = val;
                 }
                 touched.add(item.name);
-                lastArg = `${item.name}=${rawState.variables[item.name]}`;
+                lastArg = `${item.name}${item.append ? "+=" : "="}${val}`;
             }
             else {
                 lastArg = item.name;
@@ -17103,7 +17135,28 @@ export class Runtime {
         if (this._syncStdoutBatch.length >= 8192)
             this.flushSyncStdoutBatch(io);
     }
+    runSyncDiscardStep(step, rawState, io) {
+        this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
+        const args = step.discardWords.map(word => this.fastValueWord(word, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, step.line));
+        const cmdName = step.cmd.words[0].plain;
+        let output;
+        if (cmdName === "pwd")
+            output = rawState.variables.PWD ?? rawState.cwd;
+        else if (cmdName === "echo")
+            output = args[0];
+        else if (cmdName === "dirname")
+            output = this.evalSyncDirname(args);
+        else
+            output = this.evalSyncBasename(step.discardSuffix === undefined ? args : ["-s", step.discardSuffix, ...args]);
+        const bytes = shellValueByteLength(output) + 1;
+        if (this.budget.bytes + bytes > this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi && bytes > this.budget.limits.maxOutputBytes - this.budget.bytes)
+            this.budget.fail("maxOutputBytes");
+        this.budget.bytes += bytes;
+        return args[args.length - 1] ?? cmdName;
+    }
     writeSyncRedirectStep(step, encoded, append, mode, rawState, io) {
+        if (this.budget.bytes + encoded.byteLength > this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi && encoded.byteLength > this.budget.limits.maxOutputBytes - this.budget.bytes)
+            this.budget.fail("maxOutputBytes");
         // The memory fast writer may retain its input; the encoder scratch is reused.
         encoded = encoded.slice();
         if (step.targetDirPrefix !== undefined && step.targetNamePrefix !== undefined) {
@@ -17267,31 +17320,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                     lastArg = pLastArg;
                 }
                 else if (step.isDiscardDevNull && step.discardWords !== undefined) {
-                    this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-                    const dw = step.discardWords;
-                    const cmdName = step.cmd.words[0].plain;
-                    let evalFirst = "";
-                    let evalLast = cmdName;
-                    for (let wi = 0; wi < dw.length; wi++) {
-                        const v = this.fastValueWord(dw[wi], rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, step.line);
-                        if (wi === 0)
-                            evalFirst = v;
-                        evalLast = v;
-                    }
-                    let outChars = 0;
-                    if (cmdName === "pwd")
-                        outChars = (rawState.variables.PWD ?? rawState.cwd).length + 1;
-                    else if (cmdName === "echo")
-                        outChars = evalFirst.length + 1;
-                    else if (cmdName === "dirname")
-                        outChars = dirname(evalFirst).length + 1;
-                    else if (cmdName === "basename") {
-                        const sfx = step.discardSuffix !== undefined ? step.discardSuffix : (dw.length === 2 ? evalLast : undefined);
-                        const baseStr = /^\/+$/u.test(evalFirst) ? "/" : basename(evalFirst);
-                        outChars = (sfx && baseStr !== sfx && baseStr.endsWith(sfx) ? baseStr.length - sfx.length : baseStr.length) + 1;
-                    }
-                    this.budget.bytes += outChars;
-                    lastArg = step.discardSuffix !== undefined ? evalLast : (dw.length > 0 ? evalLast : cmdName);
+                    lastArg = this.runSyncDiscardStep(step, rawState, io);
                 }
                 else if (step.name !== undefined && step.value !== undefined) {
                     rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
@@ -17851,31 +17880,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                 lastArg = pLastArg;
             }
             else if (step.isDiscardDevNull && step.discardWords !== undefined) {
-                this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-                const dw = step.discardWords;
-                const cmdName = step.cmd.words[0].plain;
-                let evalFirst = "";
-                let evalLast = cmdName;
-                for (let wi = 0; wi < dw.length; wi++) {
-                    const v = this.fastValueWord(dw[wi], rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, step.line);
-                    if (wi === 0)
-                        evalFirst = v;
-                    evalLast = v;
-                }
-                let outChars = 0;
-                if (cmdName === "pwd")
-                    outChars = (rawState.variables.PWD ?? rawState.cwd).length + 1;
-                else if (cmdName === "echo")
-                    outChars = evalFirst.length + 1;
-                else if (cmdName === "dirname")
-                    outChars = dirname(evalFirst).length + 1;
-                else if (cmdName === "basename") {
-                    const sfx = step.discardSuffix !== undefined ? step.discardSuffix : (dw.length === 2 ? evalLast : undefined);
-                    const baseStr = /^\/+$/u.test(evalFirst) ? "/" : basename(evalFirst);
-                    outChars = (sfx && baseStr !== sfx && baseStr.endsWith(sfx) ? baseStr.length - sfx.length : baseStr.length) + 1;
-                }
-                this.budget.bytes += outChars;
-                lastArg = step.discardSuffix !== undefined ? evalLast : (dw.length > 0 ? evalLast : cmdName);
+                lastArg = this.runSyncDiscardStep(step, rawState, io);
             }
             else if (step.name !== undefined && step.value !== undefined) {
                 rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
@@ -18031,31 +18036,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                     lastArg = pLastArg;
                 }
                 else if (step.isDiscardDevNull && step.discardWords !== undefined) {
-                    this.budget.fileSystemOperation();
-                    const dw = step.discardWords;
-                    const cmdName = step.cmd.words[0].plain;
-                    let evalFirst = "";
-                    let evalLast = cmdName;
-                    for (let wi = 0; wi < dw.length; wi++) {
-                        const v = this.fastValueWord(dw[wi], rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, step.line);
-                        if (wi === 0)
-                            evalFirst = v;
-                        evalLast = v;
-                    }
-                    let outChars = 0;
-                    if (cmdName === "pwd")
-                        outChars = (rawState.variables.PWD ?? rawState.cwd).length + 1;
-                    else if (cmdName === "echo")
-                        outChars = evalFirst.length + 1;
-                    else if (cmdName === "dirname")
-                        outChars = dirname(evalFirst).length + 1;
-                    else if (cmdName === "basename") {
-                        const sfx = step.discardSuffix !== undefined ? step.discardSuffix : (dw.length === 2 ? evalLast : undefined);
-                        const baseStr = /^\/+$/u.test(evalFirst) ? "/" : basename(evalFirst);
-                        outChars = (sfx && baseStr !== sfx && baseStr.endsWith(sfx) ? baseStr.length - sfx.length : baseStr.length) + 1;
-                    }
-                    this.budget.bytes += outChars;
-                    lastArg = step.discardSuffix !== undefined ? evalLast : (dw.length > 0 ? evalLast : cmdName);
+                    lastArg = this.runSyncDiscardStep(step, rawState, io);
                 }
                 else if (step.name !== undefined && step.value !== undefined) {
                     rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
@@ -18990,8 +18971,6 @@ export class Runtime {
                         const rawState = stateMonitor(state)?.raw ?? state;
                         if (rawState.variables._ !== undefined)
                             delete rawState.variables._;
-                        rawState.lastArgument = wordValues[wordValues.length - 1] ?? w0Plain;
-                        state.lastArgument = rawState.lastArgument;
                         return await this.dispatchFastFunction(w0Plain, state.functions.get(w0Plain), wordValues.slice(1), state, originalIO);
                     }
                 }
@@ -19796,7 +19775,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                 publicDiagnosticMessage(failure, this.budget.onInternalError);
             }
         }
-        if ((error instanceof ExpansionFailure && !(error instanceof SubstringRangeFailure && state.loopDepth > 0)) || error instanceof BraceExpansionFailure)
+        if (error instanceof ExpansionFailure || error instanceof BraceExpansionFailure)
             throw completedExit(error instanceof ParameterExpansionFailure && !state.isolated ? 127 : 1);
         if (error instanceof FatalCommandFailure)
             throw completedExit(error.status);
@@ -20265,8 +20244,10 @@ export class Runtime {
                     const rawState = stateMonitor(state)?.raw ?? state;
                     if (!state._readOnlyStage && rawState.variables._ !== undefined)
                         delete rawState.variables._;
-                    rawState.lastArgument = words.length > 0 ? words[words.length - 1] : "";
-                    state.lastArgument = rawState.lastArgument;
+                    if (!state.functions.has(words[0] ?? "") && !["eval", ".", "source"].includes(words[declarationIndex] ?? "")) {
+                        rawState.lastArgument = words.at(-1) ?? "";
+                        state.lastArgument = rawState.lastArgument;
+                    }
                     if (!words.length)
                         return state.substitutionStatus;
                     const args = words.slice(1);
@@ -20530,8 +20511,10 @@ export class Runtime {
                 const rawState = stateMonitor(state)?.raw ?? state;
                 if (rawState.variables._ !== undefined && !assignments.some(assignment => assignment.name === "_"))
                     delete rawState.variables._;
-                rawState.lastArgument = words.length > 0 ? words[words.length - 1] : "";
-                state.lastArgument = rawState.lastArgument;
+                if (!functionCommand && !["eval", ".", "source"].includes(words[declarationIndex] ?? "")) {
+                    rawState.lastArgument = words.at(-1) ?? "";
+                    state.lastArgument = rawState.lastArgument;
+                }
             }
             if (!words.length)
                 return state.substitutionStatus;
@@ -21402,10 +21385,16 @@ export class Runtime {
                         }
                         if (context.command === "command" || context.command === "builtin" || context.command === "type")
                             return { exitCode: await this.discoveryBuiltin(context, state, io, assignments, defaultPath) };
-                        if (context.command === "." || context.command === "source")
-                            return { exitCode: await this.sourceBuiltin(context, state, { ...io, ...context }, special) };
-                        if (context.command === "eval")
-                            return { exitCode: await this.evalBuiltin(context, state, { ...io, ...context }, special) };
+                        if (context.command === "." || context.command === "source") {
+                            const exitCode = await this.sourceBuiltin(context, state, { ...io, ...context }, special);
+                            state.lastArgument = context.args.at(-1) ?? context.command;
+                            return { exitCode };
+                        }
+                        if (context.command === "eval") {
+                            const exitCode = await this.evalBuiltin(context, state, { ...io, ...context }, special);
+                            state.lastArgument = context.args.at(-1) ?? context.command;
+                            return { exitCode };
+                        }
                         const builtinWork = this.builtin({ ...context, [declarationArrays]: io[declarationArrays] }, state, assignments, (error, diagnostic) => { builtinFailure = { error, diagnostic }; }, bypassFunctions);
                         const builtin = await interruptible(builtinWork, this.signal);
                         if (builtin !== undefined) {
@@ -25517,7 +25506,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                 const length = await arithmetic(expression.length);
                 end = length.value < 0n ? size + length.value : offset + length.value;
                 if (end < offset)
-                    throw new SubstringRangeFailure(`${length.source}: substring expression < 0`, line);
+                    throw new ExpansionFailure(`${length.source}: substring expression < 0`, line);
                 if (end > size)
                     end = size;
             }
@@ -26824,6 +26813,13 @@ export class Runtime {
         return out;
     }
     evalSyncTr(input, opArgs) {
+        // Non-ASCII sets require the byte parser; reject them before running producers.
+        for (const value of opArgs) {
+            for (let i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+                if (value.charCodeAt(i) >= 128)
+                    return undefined;
+            }
+        }
         let idx = 0;
         let flagC = false;
         let flagD = false;
@@ -27908,6 +27904,10 @@ export class Runtime {
                 const core = anchorEnd ? core1.slice(0, -1) : core1;
                 if (core.length === 0 && !anchorStart && !anchorEnd)
                     return undefined;
+                // POSIX-only brackets and leftmost-longest alternatives belong to sed's matcher.
+                if (core.includes("[:") || core.includes("[.") || core.includes("[=") ||
+                    core.includes("[]") || core.includes("[^]") || isExtended && core.includes("|"))
+                    return undefined;
                 let reSrc;
                 if (/^[a-zA-Z0-9_ :;,=-]*$/.test(core)) {
                     if (/\\[1-9]/.test(rep))
@@ -28121,7 +28121,9 @@ export class Runtime {
         const isOnlyMatching = mode.includes("o");
         // POSIX bracket classes, collating symbols and equivalence classes have
         // different meanings in JS RegExp. Let the command matcher parse them.
-        if (isExtended && !isFixed && rawPatterns.some(pattern => pattern.includes("[:") || pattern.includes("[.") || pattern.includes("[=")))
+        if (!isFixed && rawPatterns.some(pattern => pattern.includes("[:") || pattern.includes("[.") || pattern.includes("[=") ||
+            pattern.includes("[]") || pattern.includes("[^]") ||
+            isExtended && pattern.includes("[") && pattern.includes("|")))
             return undefined;
         if (isCount && (isLineNumber || isOnlyMatching || beforeCtx > 0 || afterCtx > 0))
             return undefined;
@@ -28154,15 +28156,19 @@ export class Runtime {
             if (!re)
                 return undefined;
             const out = [];
+            let matched = false;
             for (let li = 0; li < rawLines.length; li++) {
                 const matches = rawLines[li].match(re);
                 if (matches) {
+                    matched = true;
                     for (let mi = 0; mi < matches.length; mi++) {
+                        if (matches[mi].length === 0)
+                            continue;
                         out.push(isLineNumber ? `${li + 1}:${matches[mi]}` : matches[mi]);
                     }
                 }
             }
-            return { lines: out, status: out.length > 0 ? 0 : 1 };
+            return { lines: out, status: matched ? 0 : 1 };
         }
         if (isExtended && isFixed)
             return undefined;
@@ -28854,7 +28860,7 @@ export class Runtime {
         const out = [];
         let curStyle = bodyStyle;
         let num = start;
-        const unnumberedPrefix = " ".repeat(width + sep.length);
+        const unnumberedPrefix = " ".repeat(width + shellValueByteLength(sep));
         for (let i = 0; i < rawLines.length; i++) {
             const l = rawLines[i];
             if (l === "\\:" || l === "\\:\\:" || l === "\\:\\:\\:") {
@@ -29019,7 +29025,11 @@ export class Runtime {
         const units = "KMGTPEZY";
         const out = [];
         for (let i = 0; i < rawLines.length; i++) {
-            const raw = rawLines[i].trim();
+            const line = rawLines[i];
+            const raw = line.trim();
+            // Preserve field whitespace and padding through the command implementation.
+            if (line !== raw)
+                return undefined;
             if (raw.length === 0) {
                 out.push("");
                 continue;
@@ -29361,7 +29371,7 @@ export class Runtime {
             return "-L";
         return undefined;
     }
-    evalSyncUniq(rawLines, opArgs) {
+    evalSyncUniq(rawLines, opArgs, isByteLocale = false) {
         let ignoreCase = false;
         let hasCount = false;
         let onlyRepeated = false;
@@ -29420,6 +29430,21 @@ export class Runtime {
                 return undefined;
             }
         }
+        if (isByteLocale && (skipChars !== 0 || checkChars !== Infinity) && rawLines.some(line => {
+            for (let i = 0; i < line.length; i++)
+                if (line.charCodeAt(i) > 127)
+                    return true;
+            return false;
+        }))
+            return undefined;
+        const foldAscii = (value) => {
+            let folded = "";
+            for (let i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+                const code = value.charCodeAt(i);
+                folded += code >= 97 && code <= 122 ? String.fromCharCode(code - 32) : value[i];
+            }
+            return folded;
+        };
         const keyOf = (l) => {
             let offset = 0;
             for (let f = 0; f < skipFields; f++) {
@@ -29430,11 +29455,11 @@ export class Runtime {
             }
             if (skipChars === 0 && checkChars === Infinity) {
                 const sub = l.slice(offset);
-                return ignoreCase ? sub.toLowerCase() : sub;
+                return ignoreCase ? foldAscii(sub) : sub;
             }
             const chars = Array.from(l.slice(offset));
             const sub = (checkChars === Infinity ? chars.slice(skipChars) : chars.slice(skipChars, skipChars + checkChars)).join("");
-            return ignoreCase ? sub.toLowerCase() : sub;
+            return ignoreCase ? foldAscii(sub) : sub;
         };
         const outLines = [];
         let uIdx = 0;
@@ -29455,6 +29480,11 @@ export class Runtime {
         return this.evalSyncSort(rawLines, flag !== undefined ? [flag] : [], false) ?? [...rawLines];
     }
     translateSyncTr(input, set1Spec, set2Spec, truncateSet1 = false) {
+        // Other string2 classes require the tr parser's class and alignment validation.
+        if (set2Spec.includes("[:") &&
+            !(set1Spec === "[:lower:]" && set2Spec === "[:upper:]") &&
+            !(set1Spec === "[:upper:]" && set2Spec === "[:lower:]"))
+            return undefined;
         if ((set1Spec === "a-z" || set1Spec === "[:lower:]") && (set2Spec === "A-Z" || set2Spec === "[:upper:]")) {
             return input.replace(/[a-z]/g, ch => String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) - 32));
         }
@@ -29830,7 +29860,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                     const firstName = stageNames[sIdx];
                     const extDef = stageDefs[sIdx];
                     const stageArgs = stageArgsList[sIdx];
-                    const nextBuf = (index & 1) === 0 ? sharedSyncPipeBuf0 : sharedSyncPipeBuf1;
+                    let nextBuf = (index & 1) === 0 ? sharedSyncPipeBuf0 : sharedSyncPipeBuf1;
                     const isInlineCutField = firstName === "cut";
                     const isInlineTr = firstName === "tr";
                     const isInlineAwk = firstName === "awk";
@@ -29879,6 +29909,8 @@ export class Runtime {
                                 if (nextTotalBytes > this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi && sub.byteLength > this.budget.limits.maxOutputBytes - this.budget.bytes)
                                     this.budget.fail("maxOutputBytes");
                                 this.budget.bytes = nextTotalBytes;
+                                if (sub.byteLength > nextBuf.byteLength)
+                                    nextBuf = new Uint8Array(sub.byteLength);
                                 nextBuf.set(sub, 0);
                                 prevBuf = nextBuf;
                                 prevLen = sub.byteLength;
@@ -29904,8 +29936,9 @@ export class Runtime {
                                 outLines = [String(nl)];
                             }
                             else if (stageArgs[0] === "-w") {
-                                const trimmed = inStr.trim();
-                                outLines = [String(trimmed.length === 0 ? 0 : trimmed.split(/[ \t\n\r\f\v]+/).length)];
+                                if (!byteLocale(rawState.variables) && prevBuf.subarray(0, prevLen).some(byte => byte > 127))
+                                    return undefined;
+                                outLines = [String(inStr.split(/[ \t\n\r\f\v]+/).filter(Boolean).length)];
                             }
                             else if (stageArgs[0] === "-m") {
                                 outLines = [String(byteLocale(rawState.variables) ? prevLen : Array.from(inStr).length)];
@@ -29928,12 +29961,12 @@ export class Runtime {
                             if (transformed === undefined)
                                 return undefined;
                             const outByteLen = shellValueByteLength(transformed);
-                            if (outByteLen > nextBuf.byteLength)
-                                return undefined;
                             const nextTotalBytes = this.budget.bytes + outByteLen;
                             if (nextTotalBytes > this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi && outByteLen > this.budget.limits.maxOutputBytes - this.budget.bytes)
                                 this.budget.fail("maxOutputBytes");
                             this.budget.bytes = nextTotalBytes;
+                            if (outByteLen > nextBuf.byteLength)
+                                nextBuf = new Uint8Array(outByteLen);
                             const written = transformed.length === 0 ? 0 : fastSharedTextEncoder.encodeInto(transformed, nextBuf).written;
                             prevBuf = nextBuf;
                             prevLen = written;
@@ -29943,7 +29976,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                             outLines = this.evalSyncSort(rawLines, stageArgs, false) ?? [];
                         }
                         else if (isInlineUniq) {
-                            const uniqRes = this.evalSyncUniq(rawLines, stageArgs);
+                            const uniqRes = this.evalSyncUniq(rawLines, stageArgs, byteLocale(rawState.variables));
                             if (uniqRes === undefined)
                                 return undefined;
                             outLines = uniqRes;
@@ -29971,9 +30004,10 @@ export class Runtime {
                             outLines = grepRes.lines;
                         }
                         else if (isInlineTac) {
-                            if (inStr.length > 0 && !inStr.endsWith("\n"))
-                                return undefined;
                             outLines = [...rawLines].reverse();
+                            if (!inStr.endsWith("\n") && outLines.length > 1) {
+                                outLines.splice(0, 2, outLines[0] + outLines[1]);
+                            }
                         }
                         else if (isInlineNl) {
                             const nlRes = this.evalSyncNl(rawLines, stageArgs);
@@ -30003,12 +30037,14 @@ export class Runtime {
                                 if (cleaned.length % 4 !== 0 || (cleaned.length > 0 && !/^[A-Za-z0-9+/]+={0,2}$/.test(cleaned)))
                                     return undefined;
                                 const decoded = this.syncBase64DecodeBytes(cleaned);
-                                if (decoded.some(byte => byte === 0 || byte >= 128) || decoded.byteLength > nextBuf.byteLength)
+                                if (decoded.some(byte => byte === 0 || byte >= 128))
                                     return undefined;
                                 const nextTotalBytes = this.budget.bytes + decoded.byteLength;
                                 if (nextTotalBytes > this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi && decoded.byteLength > this.budget.limits.maxOutputBytes - this.budget.bytes)
                                     this.budget.fail("maxOutputBytes");
                                 this.budget.bytes = nextTotalBytes;
+                                if (decoded.byteLength > nextBuf.byteLength)
+                                    nextBuf = new Uint8Array(decoded.byteLength);
                                 nextBuf.set(decoded, 0);
                                 prevBuf = nextBuf;
                                 prevLen = decoded.byteLength;
@@ -30023,15 +30059,15 @@ export class Runtime {
                         }
                         // These filters preserve the terminator of the final selected input line.
                         const preservesTerminator = firstName === "head" || firstName === "tail" || firstName === "rev" || firstName === "sed";
-                        const terminated = sedTerminated || !preservesTerminator || inStr.endsWith("\n") || firstName === "head" && outLines.length < rawLines.length;
+                        const terminated = isInlineTac ? inStr.includes("\n") : sedTerminated || !preservesTerminator || inStr.endsWith("\n") || firstName === "head" && outLines.length < rawLines.length;
                         const outStr = outLines.length > 0 ? outLines.join("\n") + (terminated ? "\n" : "") : "";
                         const outByteLen = shellValueByteLength(outStr);
-                        if (outByteLen > nextBuf.byteLength)
-                            return undefined;
                         const nextTotalBytes = this.budget.bytes + outByteLen;
                         if (nextTotalBytes > this.budget.maxOutputBytesSmi && outByteLen > this.budget.limits.maxOutputBytes - this.budget.bytes)
                             this.budget.fail("maxOutputBytes");
                         this.budget.bytes = nextTotalBytes;
+                        if (outByteLen > nextBuf.byteLength)
+                            nextBuf = new Uint8Array(outByteLen);
                         const written = outStr.length === 0 ? 0 : fastSharedTextEncoder.encodeInto(outStr, nextBuf).written;
                         prevBuf = nextBuf;
                         prevLen = written;
@@ -30341,7 +30377,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                                 fileRes = renderLines(sortRes);
                         }
                         else if (w0Plain === "uniq") {
-                            const uniqRes = this.evalSyncUniq(rawLines, opArgs);
+                            const uniqRes = this.evalSyncUniq(rawLines, opArgs, byteLocale(rawState.variables));
                             if (uniqRes !== undefined)
                                 fileRes = renderLines(uniqRes);
                         }
@@ -30352,7 +30388,10 @@ export class Runtime {
                             if (opArgs.length === 0)
                                 fileRes = this.syncBase64Encode(view) + "\n";
                             else {
-                                const decoded = this.syncBase64DecodeBytes(fileStr);
+                                const cleaned = fileStr.replace(/[ \t\r\n]+/g, "");
+                                if (cleaned.length % 4 !== 0 || (cleaned.length > 0 && !/^[A-Za-z0-9+/]+={0,2}$/.test(cleaned)))
+                                    return undefined;
+                                const decoded = this.syncBase64DecodeBytes(cleaned);
                                 // Text-only substitutions cannot retain binary byte provenance.
                                 if (decoded.some(byte => byte === 0 || byte >= 128))
                                     return undefined;