@poe-platform/safe-bash 0.1.736 → 0.1.737

package/dist/safe-bash/shell/runtime.js

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ export const customRegisteredCommands = new WeakSet();
 export const customRegisteredRegistries = new WeakSet();
 import { defaultPredicateExecutors, tryFastPredicate } from "../commands/predicates.js";
 import { builtInDirectContextExecutors, pathOf, RESOLVED_EXIT_ONE, RESOLVED_EXIT_ZERO, UsageError } from "../commands/internal.js";
-import { cloneGetoptsState, createGetoptsInput, createGetoptsState, GetoptsError, getoptsInputAllocationSize, scanGetopts, withGetoptsIndex } from "./getopts.js";
+import { cloneGetoptsState, createGetoptsInput, createGetoptsState, GetoptsError, getoptsInputAllocationSize, scanGetopts, scanGetoptsSync, withGetoptsIndex } from "./getopts.js";
 import { activateChildCancellation, admitCancellationSubscriptionCapacity, prepareChildCancellation, selectRuntimeCancellationOutcome, subscribeCancellationOwner, unsubscribeCancellationOwner, } from "./cancellation.js";
 import { variablePresence } from "../commands/variable-presence.js";
 import { getArrayAssignment, getArraySelector, copyArraySelector, numericIndex, literalIndex, stringIndex, isQuoteMarker, prefixNameQuoteGroups, setArraySelector } from "./arrays/syntax.js";
@@ -4242,6 +4242,15 @@ export class Runtime {
                             resolvedSub = rawSub === undefined || rawSub === "" ? "0" : shellValueText(stateMonitor(st)?.values.get(resolvedSub, rawSub) ?? rawSub);
                         }
                     }
+                    else {
+                        const st = this._syncArithState;
+                        const binding = arrayStore(st)?.get(variable);
+                        if (!binding || !binding.associative) {
+                            const subStr = tryEvalSimpleExpandedArith(resolvedSub, st, stateMonitor(st), arrayStore(st), this._syncArithRawWriteOnly ? this._syncArithTouched : undefined);
+                            if (subStr !== undefined && !subStr.startsWith("-"))
+                                resolvedSub = subStr;
+                        }
+                    }
                     if (resolvedSub.length === 0 || resolvedSub.length > 128 || !/^[a-zA-Z0-9_.\-/:@]+$/.test(resolvedSub))
                         throw new ArrayFailure("complex subscript in sync arithmetic");
                     return `[idx]${variable}:${resolvedSub}`;
@@ -4398,11 +4407,28 @@ export class Runtime {
         switch (tree.kind) {
             case "literal": return true;
             case "name": {
-                if (tree.subscript !== undefined || tree.name === "OPTIND" || tree.name === "PIPESTATUS" || arrayStore(state)?.get(tree.name))
+                if (tree.name === "OPTIND" || tree.name === "PIPESTATUS")
                     return false;
                 const monitor = stateMonitor(state);
                 if (monitor?.hasOverlay(tree.name) || monitor?.store?.watches.has(tree.name))
                     return false;
+                if (tree.subscript !== undefined) {
+                    if (state.nounset || hasUnpreparedLocal(state, tree.name))
+                        return false;
+                    const binding = arrayStore(state)?.get(tree.name);
+                    if (!binding)
+                        return false;
+                    if (binding.associative) {
+                        if (/^\$[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$/.test(tree.subscript)) {
+                            const sv = tree.subscript.slice(1);
+                            return !arrayStore(state)?.get(sv) && !monitor?.hasOverlay(sv);
+                        }
+                        return /^[a-zA-Z0-9_.\-/:@]+$/.test(tree.subscript);
+                    }
+                    return /^(?:0|[1-9][0-9]{0,6})$/.test(tree.subscript) || /^\$?[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$/.test(tree.subscript) || /^\s*[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*\s*(?:[-+*]\s*(?:0|[1-9][0-9]{0,6})|[/%]\s*[1-9][0-9]{0,6})\s*$/.test(tree.subscript);
+                }
+                if (arrayStore(state)?.get(tree.name))
+                    return false;
                 const value = state.variables[tree.name]
                     ?? (tree.name === "LINENO" ? String(line ?? 1)
                         : tree.name === "_" ? state.lastArgument ?? ""
@@ -4709,27 +4735,55 @@ export class Runtime {
         return state.variables[name];
     }
     async variablePresent(state, name, io) {
+        const simple = this.tryVariablePresentSync(state, name);
+        if (simple !== undefined)
+            return simple;
         name = this.referenceName(state, name);
         const bracket = name.indexOf("[");
         const base = bracket < 0 ? name : name.slice(0, bracket);
-        const validName = base.length > 0 && [...base].every((character, index) => "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_".includes(character)
-            || index > 0 && "0123456789".includes(character));
-        if (!validName || bracket >= 0 && !name.endsWith("]"))
-            return false;
         const resolved = this.referenceName(state, base);
         const binding = arrayStore(state)?.get(resolved);
-        if (bracket < 0)
-            return this.variable(state, base) !== undefined;
         const selector = name.slice(bracket + 1, -1);
-        if (!binding?.associative && (selector === "@" || selector === "*"))
-            return binding ? binding.values.size > 0 : this.variable(state, base) !== undefined;
-        const store = arrayStore(state);
-        if (!store)
-            return selector === "0" && this.variable(state, base) !== undefined;
-        const index = await this.arrayIndex(binding, { decimal: selector, source: selector }, state, io, store.owner);
+        const entries = this.presenceArrayEntries(state, resolved);
+        const store = requireArrays(state);
+        const index = await this.arrayIndex(binding, { decimal: selector, source: selector }, state, io, store.owner, false, entries ? entries.length - 1 : binding?.maximum ?? (this.variable(state, base) === undefined ? -1 : 0));
+        if (entries)
+            return index !== undefined && entries[index] !== undefined;
         return index !== undefined && (binding ? binding.getValue(index) !== undefined
             : index === 0 && this.variable(state, base) !== undefined);
     }
+    presenceArrayEntries(state, name) {
+        if (name === "DIRSTACK")
+            return [state.cwd, ...state.directoryStack?.entries ?? []];
+        if (name === "FUNCNAME" && state.variables.FUNCNAME === undefined && !arrayStore(state)?.get(name))
+            return state.functionNames ?? [];
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    tryVariablePresentSync(state, name) {
+        name = this.referenceName(state, name);
+        const bracket = name.indexOf("[");
+        const base = bracket < 0 ? name : name.slice(0, bracket);
+        if (!isShellIdentifier(base) || bracket >= 0 && !name.endsWith("]"))
+            return false;
+        const resolved = this.referenceName(state, base);
+        const binding = arrayStore(state)?.get(resolved);
+        const entries = this.presenceArrayEntries(state, resolved);
+        if (bracket < 0)
+            return entries ? entries[0] !== undefined : this.variable(state, base) !== undefined;
+        const selector = name.slice(bracket + 1, -1);
+        if (selector === "@" || selector === "*")
+            return entries ? entries.length > 0 : binding ? binding.values.size > 0 : this.variable(state, base) !== undefined;
+        if (binding?.associative) {
+            if (selector.length === 0 || selector.length > 4096 || [...selector].some(character => "$`\\\"'".includes(character)))
+                return undefined;
+            const key = binding.keys.get(fastStringHexIdentity(selector));
+            return key !== undefined && binding.getValue(key.index) !== undefined;
+        }
+        if (selector.length === 0 || selector.length > 9 || [...selector].some(character => !"0123456789".includes(character)) || selector.length > 1 && selector[0] === "0")
+            return undefined;
+        const index = Number(selector);
+        return entries ? entries[index] !== undefined : binding ? binding.getValue(index) !== undefined : index === 0 && this.variable(state, base) !== undefined;
+    }
     requireParameter(value, name, state, io, line) {
         if (value === undefined && state.nounset)
             throw new NounsetFailure(`${name}: unbound variable`, io.diagnosticLine ?? line);
@@ -5203,7 +5257,7 @@ export class Runtime {
             return false;
         }
         // Cold activation belongs to normal command handling, which maps array refusals.
-        const store = monitor?.store ?? (monitor && !this.budget._arraySession?.hasActiveLedger ? requireArrays(rawState) : undefined);
+        const store = monitor?.store ?? (monitor && (this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes === Infinity && this.budget.limits.maxExpansionFields === Infinity) ? requireArrays(rawState) : undefined);
         let current = store?.get(name);
         if (!monitor || !store || store.watches.has(name) || monitor.hasOverlay(name) || (current && (current.references !== 1 || (associative !== undefined && current.associative !== associative))) || (!current && rawState.variables[name] !== undefined)) {
             return false;
@@ -5253,7 +5307,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                     let val = "";
                     if (entry.value.parts.length > 0) {
                         try {
-                            val = this.fastValueWord(entry.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, undefined, diagnosticLine);
+                            val = this.fastValueWord(entry.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, entry.index === undefined ? undefined : 0, diagnosticLine);
                         }
                         catch {
                             return false;
@@ -5314,7 +5368,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                     let val = "";
                     if (entry.value.parts.length > 0) {
                         try {
-                            val = this.fastValueWord(entry.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, undefined, diagnosticLine);
+                            val = this.fastValueWord(entry.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, entry.index === undefined ? undefined : 0, diagnosticLine);
                         }
                         catch {
                             return false;
@@ -5723,7 +5777,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                                 continue;
                         }
                         const index = entry.index ? (await this.arrayIndex(targetBinding, entry.index, state, io, operation, true)) : undefined;
-                        const fields = await this.valueWord(entry.value, state, io, entry.index === undefined);
+                        const fields = await this.valueWord(entry.value, state, io, entry.index === undefined, false, false, false, undefined, false, entry.index === undefined, entry.index === undefined ? undefined : 0);
                         if (index !== undefined) {
                             const value = await join(fields);
                             await insert(index, value, entry.append);
@@ -8145,14 +8199,14 @@ export class Runtime {
                 const r0 = command.redirects[0];
                 const rOp = r0.operator;
                 const isDevNull = (r0.descriptor === undefined || r0.descriptor === 1) && !r0.move && !r0.document && (rOp === ">" || rOp === ">>" || rOp === ">|") && r0.target.plain === "/dev/null";
-                const isReadCmd = w0Plain === "read" || (command.words[1]?.plain === "read" && w0.parts[0]?.kind === "text" && w0.parts[0].value.startsWith("IFS="));
+                const isReadCmd = w0Plain === "read" || w0Plain === "mapfile" || w0Plain === "readarray" || (command.words[1]?.plain === "read" && w0.parts[0]?.kind === "text" && w0.parts[0].value.startsWith("IFS="));
                 if (!isDevNull && w0Plain !== "echo" && w0Plain !== "printf" && !(isReadCmd && rOp === "<<<")) {
                     pipeline._skipTrySync = true;
                     return undefined;
                 }
             }
             else if (wordsLen >= 2) {
-                if (w0Plain !== "echo" && w0Plain !== "printf" && w0Plain !== "[" && w0Plain !== "test" && w0Plain !== "mkdir" && w0Plain !== "rm" && w0Plain !== "local" && w0Plain !== "declare" && w0Plain !== "typeset" && w0Plain !== "return" && w0Plain !== "break" && w0Plain !== "continue" && w0Plain !== "shift" && w0Plain !== "read" && w0Plain !== "eval" && w0Plain !== "unset" && w0Plain !== "export" && w0Plain !== "let" && !(command.words[1]?.plain === "read" && w0.parts[0]?.kind === "text" && w0.parts[0].value.startsWith("IFS=")) && !(w0Plain !== undefined && state.functions.has(w0Plain))) {
+                if (w0Plain !== ":" && w0Plain !== "true" && w0Plain !== "false" && w0Plain !== "getopts" && w0Plain !== "echo" && w0Plain !== "printf" && w0Plain !== "[" && w0Plain !== "test" && w0Plain !== "mkdir" && w0Plain !== "rm" && w0Plain !== "local" && w0Plain !== "declare" && w0Plain !== "typeset" && w0Plain !== "return" && w0Plain !== "break" && w0Plain !== "continue" && w0Plain !== "shift" && w0Plain !== "read" && w0Plain !== "eval" && w0Plain !== "unset" && w0Plain !== "export" && w0Plain !== "let" && !(command.words[1]?.plain === "read" && w0.parts[0]?.kind === "text" && w0.parts[0].value.startsWith("IFS=")) && !(w0Plain !== undefined && state.functions.has(w0Plain))) {
                     return undefined;
                 }
             }
@@ -8214,6 +8268,16 @@ export class Runtime {
                             return true;
                     }
                 }
+                if ((w0Plain === "mapfile" || w0Plain === "readarray") &&
+                    (command.words.length === 2 || command.words.length === 3) &&
+                    command.words[1]?.plain === "-t" &&
+                    !hasShellFunction(rawState, w0Plain) &&
+                    !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(w0Plain)) {
+                    const arrVp = command.words[2]?.plain ?? "MAPFILE";
+                    const st = stateMonitor(rawState)?.store;
+                    if (isShellIdentifier(arrVp) && arrVp !== "OPTIND" && arrVp !== "PIPESTATUS" && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(arrVp) && !st?.get(arrVp)?.associative)
+                        return true;
+                }
             }
             return false;
         }
@@ -8238,7 +8302,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                     const fnBody = rawState.functions.get(w0Plain);
                     return fnBody.kind === "group" && fnBody.redirects.length === 0 && this.canSyncScriptCompound(fnBody.body, rawState, depth + 1);
                 }
-                const st = stateMonitor(rawState)?.store ?? (stateMonitor(rawState) && !this.budget._arraySession?.hasActiveLedger ? requireArrays(rawState) : undefined);
+                const st = stateMonitor(rawState)?.store ?? (stateMonitor(rawState) && (this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes === Infinity && this.budget.limits.maxExpansionFields === Infinity) ? requireArrays(rawState) : undefined);
                 const arrayAssign = getArrayAssignment(w0);
                 if (arrayAssign) {
                     if (!st)
@@ -8265,7 +8329,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                     return isNoBraceSyncAssignWord(arrayAssign.value);
                 }
                 const assignment = this.assignment(w0);
-                return Boolean(assignment && assignment.name !== "OPTIND" && assignment.name !== "PIPESTATUS" && !assignment.name.includes("[") && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(assignment.name) && (!st?.get(assignment.name) || (!assignment.append && !hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, assignment.name) && !rawState.exported.has(assignment.name))) && isNoBraceSyncAssignWord(assignment.value));
+                return Boolean(assignment && (assignment.name !== "OPTIND" || (!assignment.append && !rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTIND"))) && assignment.name !== "PIPESTATUS" && !assignment.name.includes("[") && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(assignment.name) && (!st?.get(assignment.name) || (!assignment.append && !hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, assignment.name) && !rawState.exported.has(assignment.name))) && isNoBraceSyncAssignWord(assignment.value));
             }
             if (w0Plain !== undefined && command.words.length <= 64 && rawState.functions.has(w0Plain) && this.firstInternalDiscovery(w0Plain, rawState, false) === "function" && !hasActiveExtensions(rawState)) {
                 const fnBody = rawState.functions.get(w0Plain);
@@ -8387,12 +8451,12 @@ export class Runtime {
                     const wArg = command.words[idx];
                     const assignment = !getArrayAssignment(wArg) ? this.assignment(wArg) : undefined;
                     if (assignment) {
-                        if (assignment.name === "OPTIND" || assignment.name === "PIPESTATUS" || assignment.name.includes("[") || !isNoBraceSyncAssignWord(assignment.value)) {
+                        if ((assignment.name === "OPTIND" && (assignment.append || rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTIND"))) || assignment.name === "PIPESTATUS" || assignment.name.includes("[") || !isNoBraceSyncAssignWord(assignment.value)) {
                             allValidLocal = false;
                             break;
                         }
                     }
-                    else if (!wArg.plain || !/^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(wArg.plain) || wArg.plain === "OPTIND" || wArg.plain === "PIPESTATUS") {
+                    else if (!wArg.plain || !/^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(wArg.plain) || (wArg.plain === "OPTIND" && rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTIND")) || wArg.plain === "PIPESTATUS") {
                         allValidLocal = false;
                         break;
                     }
@@ -8400,6 +8464,15 @@ export class Runtime {
                 if (allValidLocal)
                     return true;
             }
+            if ((w0Plain === ":" || w0Plain === "true" || w0Plain === "false") && command.words.length <= 16 && !hasShellFunction(rawState, w0Plain) && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(w0Plain) && command.words.slice(1).every(isNoBraceSyncWord)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (command.words.length >= 3 && command.words.length <= 16 && w0Plain === "getopts" && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "getopts") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("getopts")) {
+                const optVar = command.words[2]?.plain;
+                if (optVar && isShellIdentifier(optVar) && optVar !== "OPTIND" && optVar !== "PIPESTATUS" && optVar !== "_" && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(optVar) && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has("OPTIND") && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has("OPTARG") && isNoBraceSyncWord(command.words[1]) && (command.words.length === 3 || (command.words.length === 4 && (() => { const ne = command.words[3].parts.filter(p => !(p.kind === "text" && p.value === "")); return ne.length === 1 && ne[0].kind === "variable" && ne[0].name === "@" && ne[0].quoted; })()) || command.words.slice(3).every(isNoBraceSyncWord))) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
             if (w0Plain === "echo" && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "echo") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("echo")) {
                 const w1Plain = command.words[1]?.plain;
                 if (w1Plain === undefined || !w1Plain.startsWith("-") || w1Plain === "-n" || w1Plain === "-e" || w1Plain === "-ne" || w1Plain === "-en")
@@ -8458,8 +8531,35 @@ export class Runtime {
                     return this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.operand, rawState);
                 if (e.kind === "unary")
                     return (e.operator === "-n" || e.operator === "-z" || e.operator === "-v") && this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.operand, rawState);
-                if (e.kind === "binary")
+                if (e.kind === "binary") {
+                    if (e.operator === "=~") {
+                        if (!this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.left, rawState) || !this.extractSimpleErePattern(e.right) || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has("BASH_REMATCH") || rawState.exported.has("BASH_REMATCH") || hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, "BASH_REMATCH"))
+                            return false;
+                        const mon = stateMonitor(rawState);
+                        if (!mon || (this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes !== Infinity || this.budget.limits.maxExpansionFields !== Infinity) || mon.hasOverlay("BASH_REMATCH"))
+                            return false;
+                        const st = mon.store ?? requireArrays(rawState);
+                        if (st.watches.has("BASH_REMATCH"))
+                            return false;
+                        let rem = st.get("BASH_REMATCH");
+                        if (!rem) {
+                            if (rawState.variables.BASH_REMATCH !== undefined)
+                                return false;
+                            const created = IndexedBinding.create(st.owner, false);
+                            const prepared = st.prepareExistingName("BASH_REMATCH", 12, st.owner, this.signal);
+                            if (!prepared) {
+                                void created.release();
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                            const initTickets = st.owner.charge({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 });
+                            st.publish("BASH_REMATCH", created, initTickets, prepared, false, st.owner);
+                            mon.epoch = initTickets.epoch;
+                            rem = created;
+                        }
+                        return !rem.associative && rem.references === 1;
+                    }
                     return this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.left, rawState) && (e.operator === "==" || e.operator === "=" || e.operator === "!=" ? this.canSyncPatternWordParts(e.right, rawState) : this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.right, rawState));
+                }
                 if (e.kind === "not")
                     return checkCondNoFile(e.operand);
                 if (e.kind === "and" || e.kind === "or")
@@ -8647,6 +8747,19 @@ export class Runtime {
                                 nonIntScalarVars.add(target);
                             }
                         }
+                        else if (wp0 === "mapfile" || wp0 === "readarray") {
+                            arrayVars.add(c.words[2]?.plain ?? "MAPFILE");
+                        }
+                        else if (wp0 === "getopts") {
+                            const ov = c.words[2]?.plain;
+                            if (ov && isShellIdentifier(ov)) {
+                                scalarVars.add(ov);
+                                nonIntScalarVars.add(ov);
+                            }
+                            scalarVars.add("OPTIND");
+                            scalarVars.add("OPTARG");
+                            nonIntScalarVars.add("OPTARG");
+                        }
                         else if (wp0 === "read" || (c.words[1]?.plain === "read")) {
                             for (let k = 1; k < c.words.length; k++) {
                                 const vp = c.words[k]?.plain;
@@ -8828,36 +8941,8 @@ export class Runtime {
             if (expr.operator === "-z")
                 return val.length === 0 ? 0 : 1;
             if (expr.operator === "-v") {
-                const bracket = val.indexOf("[");
-                if (bracket < 0) {
-                    if (!isShellIdentifier(val))
-                        return 1;
-                    const b = store?.get(val);
-                    if (b)
-                        return b.get(b.associative ? b.keys.get("30")?.index ?? -1 : 0) !== undefined ? 0 : 1;
-                    return this.variable(rawState, val) !== undefined ? 0 : 1;
-                }
-                if (!val.endsWith("]"))
-                    return 1;
-                const base = val.slice(0, bracket);
-                if (!isShellIdentifier(base))
-                    return 1;
-                const sub = val.slice(bracket + 1, -1);
-                const b = store?.get(base);
-                if (!b?.associative && (sub === "@" || sub === "*")) {
-                    return (b ? b.values.size > 0 : this.variable(rawState, base) !== undefined) ? 0 : 1;
-                }
-                if (b?.associative) {
-                    if (sub.length === 0 || sub.length > 4096 || /[$\x60\\"']/.test(sub))
-                        return undefined;
-                    const ek = b.keys.get(fastStringHexIdentity(sub));
-                    return (ek !== undefined && b.getValue(ek.index) !== undefined) ? 0 : 1;
-                }
-                if (/^(?:0|[1-9][0-9]{0,8})$/.test(sub)) {
-                    const idx = Number(sub);
-                    return (b ? b.getValue(idx) !== undefined : idx === 0 && this.variable(rawState, base) !== undefined) ? 0 : 1;
-                }
-                return undefined;
+                const present = this.tryVariablePresentSync(rawState, val);
+                return present === undefined ? undefined : present ? 0 : 1;
             }
             if (syncConditionalFileUnaryOps.has(expr.operator)) {
                 const fileRes = this.tryEvalFastMemoryFileUnary(expr.operator, val, rawState);
@@ -9067,7 +9152,7 @@ export class Runtime {
         let existing = store?.get("PIPESTATUS");
         if (store && !existing) {
             const initTarget = pipelineStatusTarget(rawState);
-            if (!this.budget._arraySession?.hasActiveLedger &&
+            if ((this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes === Infinity && this.budget.limits.maxExpansionFields === Infinity) &&
                 (initTarget === "indexed" || initTarget === "absent") &&
                 !store.watches.has("PIPESTATUS") &&
                 !monitor.hasOverlay("PIPESTATUS") &&
@@ -9353,7 +9438,15 @@ export class Runtime {
                 }
                 const dynProg = prepareArithmetic(fastSrc, this.budget.parsing);
                 if (!dynProg.error && isSafeSmiProgram(dynProg) && this.canSyncArithmeticWithoutFault(dynProg.tree, rawState, diagnosticLine)) {
-                    const nonZero = this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(dynProg, rawState, diagnosticLine);
+                    let nonZero;
+                    try {
+                        nonZero = this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(dynProg, rawState, diagnosticLine);
+                    }
+                    catch (err) {
+                        if (err instanceof ArrayFailure)
+                            return undefined;
+                        throw err;
+                    }
                     if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth)
                         publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(command));
                     const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
@@ -9366,7 +9459,15 @@ export class Runtime {
                 }
             }
             if (!expr.error && isSafeSmiProgram(expr) && this.canSyncArithmeticWithoutFault(expr.tree, rawState, diagnosticLine)) {
-                const nonZero = this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(expr, rawState, diagnosticLine);
+                let nonZero;
+                try {
+                    nonZero = this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(expr, rawState, diagnosticLine);
+                }
+                catch (err) {
+                    if (err instanceof ArrayFailure)
+                        return undefined;
+                    throw err;
+                }
                 if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth)
                     publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(command));
                 const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
@@ -9488,6 +9589,12 @@ export class Runtime {
             if (command.kind === "while" || command.kind === "until") {
                 this.budget.tick();
                 let lastStatus = 0;
+                const enableBatchRawWrite = !this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && !hasActiveExtensions(rawState) && !hasActiveVariableAttributes(rawState) && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.size && !rawState.allexport;
+                const batchTouched = enableBatchRawWrite ? new Set() : undefined;
+                if (enableBatchRawWrite) {
+                    this._syncArithRawWriteOnly = true;
+                    this._syncArithTouched = batchTouched;
+                }
                 rawState.loopDepth++;
                 this._syncReturnDepth++;
                 try {
@@ -9544,6 +9651,17 @@ export class Runtime {
                 finally {
                     this._syncReturnDepth--;
                     rawState.loopDepth--;
+                    if (enableBatchRawWrite && batchTouched) {
+                        this._syncArithRawWriteOnly = false;
+                        this._syncArithTouched = undefined;
+                        for (const vName of batchTouched) {
+                            const vVal = rawState.variables[vName];
+                            if (typeof vVal === "string")
+                                monitor.publishStringVariable(vName, vVal);
+                            else if (vVal === undefined)
+                                delete monitor.proxy.variables[vName];
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
                 rawState.status = lastStatus;
                 return lastStatus;
@@ -9554,12 +9672,18 @@ export class Runtime {
                     return undefined;
                 }
                 this.budget.tick();
-                if (e0)
-                    this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(e0, rawState, diagnosticLine);
+                const enableBatchRawWrite = !this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && !hasActiveExtensions(rawState) && !hasActiveVariableAttributes(rawState) && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.size && !rawState.allexport;
+                const batchTouched = enableBatchRawWrite ? new Set() : undefined;
+                if (enableBatchRawWrite) {
+                    this._syncArithRawWriteOnly = true;
+                    this._syncArithTouched = batchTouched;
+                }
                 let lastStatus = 0;
                 rawState.loopDepth++;
                 this._syncReturnDepth++;
                 try {
+                    if (e0)
+                        this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(e0, rawState, diagnosticLine);
                     let iter = 0;
                     while (true) {
                         if (++iter > 4096)
@@ -9603,6 +9727,17 @@ export class Runtime {
                 finally {
                     this._syncReturnDepth--;
                     rawState.loopDepth--;
+                    if (enableBatchRawWrite && batchTouched) {
+                        this._syncArithRawWriteOnly = false;
+                        this._syncArithTouched = undefined;
+                        for (const vName of batchTouched) {
+                            const vVal = rawState.variables[vName];
+                            if (typeof vVal === "string")
+                                monitor.publishStringVariable(vName, vVal);
+                            else if (vVal === undefined)
+                                delete monitor.proxy.variables[vName];
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
                 rawState.status = lastStatus;
                 return lastStatus;
@@ -9673,6 +9808,12 @@ export class Runtime {
                     return undefined;
                 this.budget.tick();
                 let lastStatus = 0;
+                const enableBatchRawWrite = !this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && !hasActiveExtensions(rawState) && !hasActiveVariableAttributes(rawState) && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.size && !rawState.allexport;
+                const batchTouched = enableBatchRawWrite ? new Set() : undefined;
+                if (enableBatchRawWrite) {
+                    this._syncArithRawWriteOnly = true;
+                    this._syncArithTouched = batchTouched;
+                }
                 rawState.loopDepth++;
                 this._syncReturnDepth++;
                 try {
@@ -9683,7 +9824,12 @@ export class Runtime {
                             runYieldCheckpoint(this.signal);
                         }
                         this.budget.loop();
-                        monitor.publishStringVariable(command.name, items[idx]);
+                        if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) {
+                            rawState.variables[command.name] = items[idx];
+                            this._syncArithTouched.add(command.name);
+                        }
+                        else
+                            monitor.publishStringVariable(command.name, items[idx]);
                         if (rawState.allexport)
                             rawState.exported.add(command.name);
                         const bodyRes = this.trySyncScript(command.body, state, io, ignored);
@@ -9709,6 +9855,17 @@ export class Runtime {
                 finally {
                     this._syncReturnDepth--;
                     rawState.loopDepth--;
+                    if (enableBatchRawWrite && batchTouched) {
+                        this._syncArithRawWriteOnly = false;
+                        this._syncArithTouched = undefined;
+                        for (const vName of batchTouched) {
+                            const vVal = rawState.variables[vName];
+                            if (typeof vVal === "string")
+                                monitor.publishStringVariable(vName, vVal);
+                            else if (vVal === undefined)
+                                delete monitor.proxy.variables[vName];
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
                 rawState.status = lastStatus;
                 return lastStatus;
@@ -10084,7 +10241,7 @@ export class Runtime {
             if (assignment) {
                 const hasSubPart = assignment.value.parts.some(part => part.kind === "substitution");
                 const existingArrAssign = store?.get(assignment.name);
-                if (assignment.name === "OPTIND" ||
+                if ((assignment.name === "OPTIND" && (assignment.append || rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTIND"))) ||
                     assignment.name === "PIPESTATUS" ||
                     assignment.name.includes("[") ||
                     (hasSubPart && !this.isPureSyncValueWord(assignment.value, rawState)) ||
@@ -10103,6 +10260,12 @@ export class Runtime {
                 }
                 if (typeof fastAssigned !== "string")
                     return undefined;
+                if (assignment.name === "OPTIND") {
+                    const trimmedOptind = fastAssigned.trim();
+                    if (!/^[0-9]{1,6}$/.test(trimmedOptind))
+                        return undefined;
+                    fastAssigned = String(Number(trimmedOptind));
+                }
                 if (existingArrAssign) {
                     if (!this.tryFastArraySubscriptWriteSync(rawState, assignment.name, "0", fastAssigned))
                         return undefined;
@@ -10161,6 +10324,10 @@ export class Runtime {
                 }
                 else
                     monitor.publishStringVariable(assignment.name, finalAssigned);
+                if (assignment.name === "OPTIND") {
+                    rawState.variables.OPTIND = finalAssigned;
+                    this.syncGetopts(rawState);
+                }
                 if (rawState.allexport)
                     monitor.proxy.exported.add(assignment.name);
                 if (io.assignmentDiagnosticContext)
@@ -10243,6 +10410,142 @@ export class Runtime {
                     }
                 }
             }
+            if (command.words.length >= 2 && command.words.length <= 16 && (w0Plain === ":" || w0Plain === "true" || w0Plain === "false") && command.redirects.length === 0 && !hasShellFunction(rawState, w0Plain) && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(w0Plain)) {
+                const rawStatus = w0Plain === "false" ? 1 : 0;
+                const statusChar = rawStatus === 0 ? "0" : "1";
+                if (!canMutatePipeStatus && elem0.text.shellValue !== statusChar)
+                    return undefined;
+                const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? Number(rawStatus === 0) : rawStatus;
+                if (finalStatus !== 0 && !ignored && rawState.errexit)
+                    return undefined;
+                let lastArg = w0Plain;
+                let argsOk = true;
+                try {
+                    for (let i = 1; i < command.words.length; i++) {
+                        const v = this.fastValueWord(command.words[i], rawState, io, true, false, false, true, undefined, diagnosticLine);
+                        if (typeof v !== "string") {
+                            argsOk = false;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        lastArg = v;
+                    }
+                }
+                catch {
+                    argsOk = false;
+                }
+                if (argsOk) {
+                    if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth)
+                        publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(command));
+                    const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
+                    this.budget.tick();
+                    rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
+                    if (rawState.variables._ !== undefined)
+                        delete rawState.variables._;
+                    rawState.lastArgument = lastArg;
+                    if (io.assignmentDiagnosticContext)
+                        io.assignmentDiagnosticContext.name = undefined;
+                    return this.finishSyncPipeStatus(rawState, monitor, monitor.store, monitor.store?.get("PIPESTATUS"), elem0, scope, finalStatus, restEpoch);
+                }
+            }
+            if (command.words.length >= 3 && command.words.length <= 16 && w0Plain === "getopts" && command.redirects.length === 0 && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "getopts") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("getopts")) {
+                const optVar = command.words[2]?.plain;
+                if (optVar && isShellIdentifier(optVar) && optVar !== "OPTIND" && optVar !== "PIPESTATUS" && optVar !== "_" && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(optVar) && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has("OPTIND") && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has("OPTARG") && !rawState.variableAttributes?.get(optVar) && !rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTIND") && !rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTARG") && !store?.get(optVar) && !store?.get("OPTIND") && !store?.get("OPTARG") && !monitor.hasOverlay(optVar)) {
+                    let optstring;
+                    let scanArgs;
+                    let lastArg = optVar;
+                    try {
+                        optstring = command.words[1].plain ?? this.fastValueWord(command.words[1], rawState, io, true, false, false, true, undefined, diagnosticLine);
+                        if (typeof optstring === "string") {
+                            if (command.words.length === 3) {
+                                scanArgs = this._fastSubPositional ?? rawState.positional;
+                            }
+                            else if (command.words.length === 4 && (() => { const ne = command.words[3].parts.filter(p => !(p.kind === "text" && p.value === "")); return ne.length === 1 && ne[0].kind === "variable" && ne[0].name === "@" && ne[0].quoted; })()) {
+                                scanArgs = this._fastSubPositional ?? rawState.positional;
+                                if (scanArgs.length > 0)
+                                    lastArg = scanArgs[scanArgs.length - 1];
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                const customArgs = [];
+                                let customOk = true;
+                                for (let i = 3; i < command.words.length; i++) {
+                                    const v = this.fastValueWord(command.words[i], rawState, io, true, false, false, true, undefined, diagnosticLine);
+                                    if (typeof v !== "string") {
+                                        customOk = false;
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                    customArgs.push(v);
+                                    lastArg = v;
+                                }
+                                if (customOk)
+                                    scanArgs = customArgs;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    catch {
+                        scanArgs = undefined;
+                    }
+                    if (typeof optstring === "string" && scanArgs !== undefined) {
+                        rawState.getopts ??= cloneGetoptsBinding(rawState);
+                        const res = scanGetoptsSync(rawState.getopts.cursor, optstring, scanArgs);
+                        if (res !== undefined) {
+                            const rawStatus = res.status;
+                            const statusChar = rawStatus === 0 ? "0" : "1";
+                            if (canMutatePipeStatus || elem0.text.shellValue === statusChar) {
+                                const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? Number(rawStatus === 0) : rawStatus;
+                                if (finalStatus === 0 || ignored || !rawState.errexit) {
+                                    if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth)
+                                        publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(command));
+                                    const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
+                                    this.budget.tick();
+                                    rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
+                                    if (rawState.variables._ !== undefined)
+                                        delete rawState.variables._;
+                                    rawState.lastArgument = lastArg;
+                                    rawState.getopts.cursor = res.state;
+                                    const optindStr = String(res.optind);
+                                    if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) {
+                                        rawState.variables.OPTIND = optindStr;
+                                        this._syncArithTouched.add("OPTIND");
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                        monitor.publishStringVariable("OPTIND", optindStr);
+                                    if (rawState.allexport)
+                                        monitor.proxy.exported.add("OPTIND");
+                                    if (res.argument.kind === "set") {
+                                        if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) {
+                                            rawState.variables.OPTARG = res.argument.value;
+                                            this._syncArithTouched.add("OPTARG");
+                                        }
+                                        else
+                                            monitor.publishStringVariable("OPTARG", res.argument.value);
+                                        if (rawState.allexport)
+                                            monitor.proxy.exported.add("OPTARG");
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        delete rawState.variables.OPTARG;
+                                        rawState.exported.delete("OPTARG");
+                                        if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched)
+                                            this._syncArithTouched.add("OPTARG");
+                                        else
+                                            monitor.values.invalidate("OPTARG");
+                                    }
+                                    if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) {
+                                        rawState.variables[optVar] = res.option;
+                                        this._syncArithTouched.add(optVar);
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                        monitor.publishStringVariable(optVar, res.option);
+                                    if (rawState.allexport)
+                                        monitor.proxy.exported.add(optVar);
+                                    if (io.assignmentDiagnosticContext)
+                                        io.assignmentDiagnosticContext.name = undefined;
+                                    return this.finishSyncPipeStatus(rawState, monitor, monitor.store, monitor.store?.get("PIPESTATUS"), elem0, scope, finalStatus, restEpoch);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             if (command.words.length === 2 && w0Plain === "shift" && command.redirects.length === 0 && canMutatePipeStatus && !pipeline.negate && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "shift") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("shift")) {
                 let argVal;
                 try {
@@ -10406,6 +10709,105 @@ export class Runtime {
                 !command.redirects[0].move &&
                 !command.redirects[0].document &&
                 (command.redirects[0].descriptor === undefined || command.redirects[0].descriptor === 0);
+            if ((w0Plain === "mapfile" || w0Plain === "readarray") &&
+                isHereStringRead &&
+                (command.words.length === 2 || command.words.length === 3) &&
+                command.words[1]?.plain === "-t" &&
+                canMutatePipeStatus &&
+                !pipeline.negate &&
+                !rawState.allexport &&
+                !hasShellFunction(rawState, w0Plain) &&
+                !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(w0Plain)) {
+                const arrayTarget = command.words[2]?.plain ?? "MAPFILE";
+                if (!hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, arrayTarget) &&
+                    isShellIdentifier(arrayTarget) &&
+                    !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(arrayTarget) &&
+                    !rawState.exported.has(arrayTarget) &&
+                    !rawState.variableAttributes?.get(arrayTarget) &&
+                    !controlNames.has(arrayTarget)) {
+                    let hv;
+                    try {
+                        hv = this.fastValueWord(command.redirects[0].target, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, undefined, diagnosticLine);
+                    }
+                    catch {
+                        hv = undefined;
+                    }
+                    if (typeof hv === "string" &&
+                        !hv.includes("\0") &&
+                        hv.length + 1 < this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes &&
+                        hv.length + 1 <= this.budget.limits.maxInputBytes) {
+                        const arrStore = monitor.store ?? requireArrays(rawState);
+                        let existingArrayBinding = arrStore.get(arrayTarget);
+                        if (!existingArrayBinding && rawState.variables[arrayTarget] === undefined && !arrStore.watches.has(arrayTarget) && !monitor.hasOverlay(arrayTarget)) {
+                            const recTickets = arrStore.owner.charge({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 });
+                            const recBinding = arrStore.takeRecycled(arrayTarget, false, true, recTickets);
+                            if (recBinding) {
+                                monitor.epoch = recTickets.epoch;
+                                existingArrayBinding = recBinding;
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                try {
+                                    const created = IndexedBinding.create(arrStore.owner, false);
+                                    const prepared = arrStore.prepareExistingName(arrayTarget, shellValueByteLength(arrayTarget), arrStore.owner, this.signal);
+                                    if (prepared) {
+                                        const initTickets = arrStore.owner.charge({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 });
+                                        arrStore.publish(arrayTarget, created, initTickets, prepared, false, arrStore.owner);
+                                        monitor.epoch = initTickets.epoch;
+                                        existingArrayBinding = created;
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        void created.release();
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                catch { }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (existingArrayBinding && !existingArrayBinding.associative && existingArrayBinding.references === 1 && !arrStore.watches.has(arrayTarget) && !monitor.hasOverlay(arrayTarget)) {
+                            const lines = hv.split("\n");
+                            const fieldLen = lines.length;
+                            if (fieldLen <= 256) {
+                                if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth)
+                                    publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(command));
+                                const tickets = arrStore.owner.charge({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 + fieldLen * 4 });
+                                if (existingArrayBinding.values.size !== fieldLen || existingArrayBinding.maximum !== fieldLen - 1) {
+                                    for (const k of [...existingArrayBinding.values.keys()]) {
+                                        if (k >= fieldLen)
+                                            existingArrayBinding.remove(k);
+                                    }
+                                    existingArrayBinding.maximum = fieldLen - 1;
+                                }
+                                for (let idx = 0; idx < fieldLen; idx++) {
+                                    const val = lines[idx];
+                                    const byteLen = shellValueByteLength(val);
+                                    const slot = existingArrayBinding.values.get(idx);
+                                    if (slot && slot.text.references === 1 && slot.text.bytes === byteLen) {
+                                        existingArrayBinding.owner.chargeWork(byteLen);
+                                        slot.text.shellValue = val;
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        existingArrayBinding.owner.chargeWork(byteLen);
+                                        const token = new OwnedText(val, byteLen, existingArrayBinding.owner.reserve({ payload: byteLen, metadata: 32, work: 4 }));
+                                        existingArrayBinding.insert(idx, token);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                delete rawState.variables[arrayTarget];
+                                monitor.values.invalidate(arrayTarget);
+                                monitor.epoch = tickets.epoch;
+                                arrStore.revise(arrayTarget, existingArrayBinding, tickets);
+                                const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
+                                this.budget.tick();
+                                rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
+                                if (rawState.variables._ !== undefined)
+                                    delete rawState.variables._;
+                                rawState.lastArgument = command.words[command.words.length - 1].plain ?? arrayTarget;
+                                if (io.assignmentDiagnosticContext)
+                                    io.assignmentDiagnosticContext.name = undefined;
+                                return this.finishSyncPipeStatus(rawState, monitor, monitor.store, monitor.store?.get("PIPESTATUS"), elem0, scope, 0, restEpoch);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             if ((w0Plain === "read" || (command.words[1]?.plain === "read" && w0.parts[0]?.kind === "text" && w0.parts[0].value.startsWith("IFS="))) &&
                 canMutatePipeStatus &&
                 !pipeline.negate &&
@@ -10470,7 +10872,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                                                 delimStr = nextW.plain;
                                             else {
                                                 try {
-                                                    const fv = this.fastValueWord(nextW, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, diagnosticLine);
+                                                    const fv = this.fastValueWord(nextW, rawState, io, true, false, false, false, undefined, diagnosticLine);
                                                     if (typeof fv === "string")
                                                         delimStr = fv;
                                                 }
@@ -10516,7 +10918,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                             const varCount = command.words.length - readWordIdx;
                             let existingArrayBinding;
                             if (arrayTarget !== undefined) {
-                                if (hasUnpreparedLocals(rawState))
+                                if (hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, arrayTarget))
                                     return undefined;
                                 if (varCount !== 0 || !isShellIdentifier(arrayTarget) || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(arrayTarget) || rawState.exported.has(arrayTarget) || rawState.variableAttributes?.get(arrayTarget) || controlNames.has(arrayTarget)) {
                                     simpleRead = false;
@@ -10525,21 +10927,28 @@ export class Runtime {
                                     const arrStore = monitor.store ?? requireArrays(rawState);
                                     existingArrayBinding = arrStore.get(arrayTarget);
                                     if (!existingArrayBinding && rawState.variables[arrayTarget] === undefined && !arrStore.watches.has(arrayTarget) && !monitor.hasOverlay(arrayTarget)) {
-                                        try {
-                                            const created = IndexedBinding.create(arrStore.owner, false);
-                                            const nameByteLen = shellValueByteLength(arrayTarget);
-                                            const prepared = arrStore.prepareExistingName(arrayTarget, nameByteLen, arrStore.owner, this.signal);
-                                            if (prepared) {
-                                                const initTickets = arrStore.owner.charge({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 });
-                                                arrStore.publish(arrayTarget, created, initTickets, prepared, false, arrStore.owner);
-                                                monitor.epoch = initTickets.epoch;
-                                                existingArrayBinding = created;
-                                            }
-                                            else {
-                                                void created.release();
-                                            }
+                                        const recTickets = arrStore.owner.charge({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 });
+                                        const recBinding = arrStore.takeRecycled(arrayTarget, false, true, recTickets);
+                                        if (recBinding) {
+                                            monitor.epoch = recTickets.epoch;
+                                            existingArrayBinding = recBinding;
                                         }
-                                        catch { }
+                                        else
+                                            try {
+                                                const created = IndexedBinding.create(arrStore.owner, false);
+                                                const nameByteLen = shellValueByteLength(arrayTarget);
+                                                const prepared = arrStore.prepareExistingName(arrayTarget, nameByteLen, arrStore.owner, this.signal);
+                                                if (prepared) {
+                                                    const initTickets = arrStore.owner.charge({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 });
+                                                    arrStore.publish(arrayTarget, created, initTickets, prepared, false, arrStore.owner);
+                                                    monitor.epoch = initTickets.epoch;
+                                                    existingArrayBinding = created;
+                                                }
+                                                else {
+                                                    void created.release();
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                            catch { }
                                     }
                                     if (!existingArrayBinding ||
                                         existingArrayBinding.associative ||
@@ -11151,7 +11560,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                     const wArg = command.words[idx];
                     const assignment = !getArrayAssignment(wArg) ? this.assignment(wArg) : undefined;
                     if (assignment) {
-                        if (assignment.name === "OPTIND" || assignment.name === "PIPESTATUS" || assignment.name.includes("[") || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(assignment.name) || store?.get(assignment.name)) {
+                        if ((assignment.name === "OPTIND" && (assignment.append || rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTIND"))) || assignment.name === "PIPESTATUS" || assignment.name.includes("[") || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(assignment.name) || store?.get(assignment.name)) {
                             allValidLocal = false;
                             break;
                         }
@@ -11166,9 +11575,17 @@ export class Runtime {
                             allValidLocal = false;
                             break;
                         }
+                        if (assignment.name === "OPTIND") {
+                            const trimmedOptind = fastAssigned.trim();
+                            if (!/^[0-9]{1,6}$/.test(trimmedOptind)) {
+                                allValidLocal = false;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            fastAssigned = String(Number(trimmedOptind));
+                        }
                         parsedLocals.push({ name: assignment.name, val: fastAssigned, append: assignment.append, lastArg: `${assignment.name}=${fastAssigned}` });
                     }
-                    else if (wArg.plain && /^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(wArg.plain) && wArg.plain !== "OPTIND" && wArg.plain !== "PIPESTATUS" && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(wArg.plain) && !store?.get(wArg.plain)) {
+                    else if (wArg.plain && /^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(wArg.plain) && (wArg.plain !== "OPTIND" || !rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTIND")) && wArg.plain !== "PIPESTATUS" && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(wArg.plain) && !store?.get(wArg.plain)) {
                         parsedLocals.push({ name: wArg.plain, val: undefined, append: false, lastArg: wArg.plain });
                     }
                     else {
@@ -11177,6 +11594,8 @@ export class Runtime {
                     }
                 }
                 if (allValidLocal && parsedLocals.length > 0) {
+                    if (rawState.locals.length === 0 && parsedLocals.some(item => item.val === undefined && !rawState.variableAttributes?.has(item.name)))
+                        return undefined;
                     const locals = rawState.locals.length > 0 ? rawState.locals[rawState.locals.length - 1] : undefined;
                     const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
                     this.budget.tick();
@@ -11191,7 +11610,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                                 const curVal = this._syncArithTouched.has(item.name)
                                     ? rawState.variables[item.name]
                                     : (rawState.variables[item.name] === undefined ? undefined : (monitor.values.get(item.name, rawState.variables[item.name]) ?? rawState.variables[item.name]));
-                                locals.set(item.name, { attributes: undefined, value: typeof curVal === "string" ? curVal : undefined, exported: false, readOnly: false });
+                                locals.set(item.name, { attributes: undefined, value: typeof curVal === "string" ? curVal : undefined, exported: false, readOnly: false, ...(item.name === "OPTIND" ? { getopts: cloneGetoptsBinding(rawState) } : {}) });
                             }
                             else
                                 locals.set(item.name, saveVariable(state, item.name));
@@ -11214,18 +11633,27 @@ export class Runtime {
                             }
                             else
                                 monitor.publishStringVariable(item.name, finalVal);
+                            if (item.name === "OPTIND") {
+                                rawState.variables.OPTIND = finalVal;
+                                this.syncGetopts(rawState);
+                            }
                             if (rawState.allexport)
                                 monitor.proxy.exported.add(item.name);
                             rawState.lastArgument = `${item.name}=${finalVal}`;
-                            if (!rawState.variableAttributes?.has(item.name)) {
-                                rawState.variableAttributes ??= new Map();
-                                rawState.variableAttributes.set(item.name, "");
-                            }
+                            if (isNewLocal && rawState.variableAttributes?.has(item.name))
+                                rawState.variableAttributes.delete(item.name);
                         }
                         else {
-                            if (!rawState.variableAttributes?.has(item.name)) {
-                                rawState.variableAttributes ??= new Map();
-                                rawState.variableAttributes.set(item.name, "");
+                            if (item.name === "OPTIND")
+                                this.syncGetopts(rawState);
+                            if (!locals) {
+                                if (!rawState.variableAttributes?.has(item.name)) {
+                                    rawState.variableAttributes ??= new Map();
+                                    rawState.variableAttributes.set(item.name, "");
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else if (isNewLocal && rawState.variableAttributes?.has(item.name)) {
+                                rawState.variableAttributes.delete(item.name);
                             }
                             rawState.lastArgument = item.lastArg;
                         }
@@ -11434,11 +11862,15 @@ export class Runtime {
                                 rawState.locals.pop();
                                 rawState.functionNames?.shift();
                                 for (const [k, previous] of locals) {
-                                    if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched && !syncLocalArrayVariables.has(previous) && !previous.heldValue && !previous.attributes && !previous.exported && !previous.readOnly && k !== "OPTIND") {
+                                    if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched && !syncLocalArrayVariables.has(previous) && !previous.heldValue && !previous.attributes && !previous.exported && !previous.readOnly) {
                                         if (previous.value === undefined)
                                             delete rawState.variables[k];
                                         else
                                             rawState.variables[k] = shellValueText(previous.value);
+                                        if (k === "OPTIND" && previous.getopts) {
+                                            rawState.getopts = { integer: previous.getopts.integer, cursor: cloneGetoptsState(previous.getopts.cursor) };
+                                        }
+                                        rawState.variableAttributes?.delete(k);
                                         this._syncArithTouched.add(k);
                                     }
                                     else
@@ -11998,9 +12430,11 @@ export class Runtime {
                         if (part.alternate && part.alternate.parts.length > 0)
                             return false;
                     }
-                    else if (part.operator === "-" || part.operator === ":-" || part.operator === "+" || part.operator === ":+") {
+                    else if (part.operator === "-" || part.operator === ":-" || part.operator === "+" || part.operator === ":+" || part.operator === "=" || part.operator === ":=") {
                         if (!part.alternate || !part.alternate.parts.every(p => p.kind === "text" || p.kind === "arithmetic" || (p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring)))
                             return false;
+                        if ((part.operator === "=" || part.operator === ":=") && (!isShellIdentifier(part.name) || part.name === "OPTIND" || part.name === "PIPESTATUS" || part.name === "_" || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(part.name) || rawState.variableAttributes?.get(part.name) || stateMonitor(rawState)?.store?.get(part.name)))
+                            return false;
                     }
                     else if (part.operator === "#" || part.operator === "##" || part.operator === "%" || part.operator === "%%") {
                         if (!part.alternate || part.alternate.parts.length === 0)
@@ -12036,8 +12470,18 @@ export class Runtime {
                     if (rawState.nounset)
                         return false;
                     const em = SIMPLE_EXPANDED_ARITH_RE.exec(part.source);
-                    if (!em || ((em[2] === "/" || em[2] === "%") && !(em[3] && /^[1-9][0-9]*$/.test(em[3]))))
-                        return false;
+                    if (!em || ((em[2] === "/" || em[2] === "%") && !(em[3] && /^[1-9][0-9]*$/.test(em[3])))) {
+                        if (part.source.includes("<<") || part.source.includes(">>") || part.source.includes("**") || /[/%](?!\s*[1-9][0-9]*\b)/.test(part.source))
+                            return false;
+                        try {
+                            const expW = parseArithmeticExpansion(part.source, this.budget.parsing, false, 0, undefined, rawState.extensions?.syntax);
+                            if (!this.isPureSyncValueWord(expW, rawState))
+                                return false;
+                        }
+                        catch {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
                 continue;
             }
@@ -15651,7 +16095,7 @@ export class Runtime {
             }
             if (inlineInput || (state.profile === "sh" || !words.length) && assignments.some(assignment => state.readonlyVariables?.has(assignment.name)))
                 await assign();
-            if (inlineInput && functionCommand && previous?.size) {
+            if (inlineInput && (functionCommand || words[0] === "read" && !state.extensions?.builtins.has("read")) && previous?.size) {
                 if (stateMonitor(state)?.lazyPipeStatus !== undefined)
                     stateMonitor(state).activate(true);
                 const redirectState = tryCloneStateSync(state) ?? await cloneState(state, this.signal);
@@ -20050,7 +20494,7 @@ export class Runtime {
             if (selector?.kind === "members" || part.name === "@" || part.name === "*") {
                 const members = selector ? await this.arrayMembers(part.name, state, io, part.keys) : this.positionalValues(state);
                 const ifs = state.variables.IFS ?? " ";
-                const separator = selector?.kind === "members" && !split && (selector.separator === "@" || !part.quoted) ? " " : ifs.length ? String.fromCodePoint(ifs.codePointAt(0)) : "";
+                const separator = !split && (selector?.kind === "members" ? selector.separator === "@" || !part.quoted : part.name === "@") ? " " : ifs.length ? String.fromCodePoint(ifs.codePointAt(0)) : "";
                 const fragments = [];
                 let bytes = 0;
                 for (const member of members) {
@@ -20490,7 +20934,7 @@ export class Runtime {
             if (part.length)
                 return String(binding?.values.size ?? (part.name === "FUNCNAME" && state.variables.FUNCNAME === undefined ? state.functionNames?.length ?? 0 : state.variables[part.name] === undefined ? 0 : 1));
             const values = await this.arrayMembers(part.name, state, io, selector.kind === "keys" || part.keys === true, part.substring);
-            const space = (selector.kind === "keys" || part.keys === true) && state.extensions?.syntax?.arrayKeys ? Boolean(hereDocument || (selector.separator === "@" ? !part.quoted && !split || state.variables.IFS === "" : !part.quoted && split && state.variables.IFS === "")) : (!split && (selector.separator === "@" || !part.quoted));
+            const space = (selector.kind === "keys" || part.keys === true) ? Boolean(hereDocument || (selector.separator === "@" ? !part.quoted && !split || state.variables.IFS === "" : !part.quoted && split && state.variables.IFS === "")) : (!split && selector.separator === "@");
             return this.arrayJoin(store.owner, values, space ? " " : this.ifsSeparator(state, io));
         }
         if (part.substring && (part.name === "@" || part.name === "*")) {
@@ -20504,7 +20948,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                 : part.name === "?" ? String(state.status)
                     : part.name === "-" ? `${state.allexport ? "a" : ""}${state.errexit ? "e" : ""}${state.noglob ? "f" : ""}${state.noexec ? "n" : ""}${state.nounset ? "u" : ""}${state.braceexpand !== false ? "B" : ""}${state.noclobber ? "C" : ""}`
                         : part.name === "#" ? String(state.positional.length)
-                            : part.name === "@" || part.name === "*" ? state.positional.join(hereString && (part.name === "@" || !part.quoted) ? " " : Array.from(state.variables.IFS ?? " ")[0] ?? "")
+                            : part.name === "@" || part.name === "*" ? state.positional.join(part.name === "@" && !split || hereString && (part.name === "@" || !part.quoted) ? " " : Array.from(state.variables.IFS ?? " ")[0] ?? "")
                                 : /^0+$/u.test(part.name) ? state.arg0 ?? "virtual-bash"
                                     : /^\d+$/u.test(part.name) ? state.positional[Number(part.name) - 1]
                                         : part.name === "LINENO" ? (state.extensions ? String(io.diagnosticLine ?? part.line ?? 1) : state.variables.LINENO ?? String(io.diagnosticLine ?? part.line ?? 1)) : this.variable(state, part.name);
@@ -20521,7 +20965,7 @@ export class Runtime {
             else if (/^[0-9]+$/u.test(part.name))
                 retained = stateMonitor(state)?.positionals.get(String(Number(part.name) - 1), value) ?? value;
             else if (part.name === "@" || part.name === "*") {
-                const separator = hereString && (part.name === "@" || !part.quoted) ? " " : this.ifsSeparator(state, io);
+                const separator = part.name === "@" && !split || hereString && (part.name === "@" || !part.quoted) ? " " : this.ifsSeparator(state, io);
                 const values = this.positionalValues(state);
                 retained = concatShellValues(values.flatMap((entry, index) => index ? [separator, entry] : [entry]), io[valueScope]);
             }
@@ -21061,7 +21505,7 @@ export class Runtime {
                             }
                             const ifsVal = monitor?.values.get("IFS", rawVars.IFS ?? " ") ?? rawVars.IFS ?? " ";
                             if (validElemOp && typeof ifsVal === "string" && (ifsVal.length === 0 || ifsVal.charCodeAt(0) < 128)) {
-                                const sep = selector.separator === "@" ? " " : ifsVal.length > 0 ? ifsVal[0] : "";
+                                const sep = selector.separator === "@" && (!isKeys || ifsVal.length === 0) ? " " : ifsVal.length > 0 ? ifsVal[0] : "";
                                 const evalSliceInt = (w) => {
                                     if (w.parts.length === 0)
                                         return 0;
@@ -21574,7 +22018,10 @@ export class Runtime {
                         out += converted;
                         continue;
                     }
-                    if ((part.operator === "-" || part.operator === ":-" || part.operator === "+" || part.operator === ":+") && part.alternate && !rawState.nounset && part.alternate.parts.every(p => p.kind === "text" || p.kind === "arithmetic" || (p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring))) {
+                    if ((part.operator === "-" || part.operator === ":-" || part.operator === "+" || part.operator === ":+" || part.operator === "=" || part.operator === ":=") && part.alternate && !rawState.nounset && part.alternate.parts.every(p => p.kind === "text" || p.kind === "arithmetic" || (p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring))) {
+                        const isAssignOp = part.operator === "=" || part.operator === ":=";
+                        if (isAssignOp && (!isShellIdentifier(part.name) || part.name === "OPTIND" || part.name === "PIPESTATUS" || part.name === "_" || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(part.name) || rawState.variableAttributes?.get(part.name) || activeArrayStore?.get(part.name) || monitor?.hasOverlay(part.name) || (i < word.parts.length - 1 && !this.isPureSyncValueWord({ offset: 0, parts: word.parts.slice(i + 1) }, rawState, false))))
+                            return undefined;
                         const raw = rawVars[part.name];
                         const cur = raw === undefined ? undefined : (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched?.has(part.name) ? raw : (monitor?.values.get(part.name, raw) ?? raw));
                         if (cur !== undefined && typeof cur !== "string")
@@ -21592,11 +22039,25 @@ export class Runtime {
                                 resolvedScalar = "";
                         }
                         else {
-                            const isMissing = cur === undefined || (part.operator === ":-" && cur === "");
+                            const isMissing = cur === undefined || ((part.operator === ":-" || part.operator === ":=") && cur === "");
                             if (isMissing) {
                                 const altVal = this.fastValueWord(part.alternate, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, undefined, part.line ?? overrideDiagnosticLine);
                                 if (typeof altVal !== "string")
                                     return undefined;
+                                if (isAssignOp) {
+                                    if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) {
+                                        rawState.variables[part.name] = altVal;
+                                        this._syncArithTouched.add(part.name);
+                                    }
+                                    else if (monitor) {
+                                        monitor.publishStringVariable(part.name, altVal);
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        rawState.variables[part.name] = altVal;
+                                    }
+                                    if (rawState.allexport)
+                                        (monitor ? monitor.proxy.exported : rawState.exported).add(part.name);
+                                }
                                 resolvedScalar = altVal;
                             }
                             else