@poe-platform/safe-bash 0.1.601 → 0.1.603

package/dist/safe-bash/core.browser.js

@@ -1,39 +1,44 @@
+import {
+  createPrCommand,
+  createPrCommands,
+  prCommands
+} from "./chunks/chunk-PCLOK32J.js";
 import {
   createTsortCommand,
   createTsortCommands,
   tsortCommands
-} from "./chunks/chunk-TJVKGNKA.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-FWDMJTQO.js";
 import {
   createFactorCommand,
   createFactorCommands,
   factorCommands
-} from "./chunks/chunk-IYFB6VED.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-4BYUV5PA.js";
 import {
   createGetoptCommand,
   createGetoptCommands,
   getoptCommands
-} from "./chunks/chunk-PE5NZIA2.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-6LSSEOG7.js";
 import {
   createHdCommand,
   createHexdumpCommand,
   createHexdumpCommands,
   hexdumpCommands
-} from "./chunks/chunk-HQCBEAFK.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-N5CYTGBN.js";
 import {
   createIconvCommand,
   createIconvCommands,
   iconvCommands
-} from "./chunks/chunk-XYVCXUGM.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-KZ7QCYNT.js";
 import {
   createDos2unixCommand,
   createLineEndingCommands,
   createUnix2dosCommand,
   lineEndingCommands
-} from "./chunks/chunk-E3NZKSTA.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-F5TCC4UG.js";
 import {
   createLlmCommands,
   llmCommands
-} from "./chunks/chunk-QAZN7SAN.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-WPEMUXV4.js";
 import "./chunks/chunk-C7QNJ3D4.js";
 import {
   classify,
@@ -44,7 +49,7 @@ import {
   createXmlCommands,
   defaultXmlQueryLimits,
   xmlCommands
-} from "./chunks/chunk-3Y5PKSHX.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-AD7UAP5B.js";
 import {
   Interpreter,
   createYqCommand,
@@ -55,7 +60,7 @@ import {
   rawValues,
   stringify,
   yqCommands
-} from "./chunks/chunk-W3TLNFDB.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-HHJSJWUD.js";
 import {
   Budget,
   JqError,
@@ -68,7 +73,7 @@ import {
   resolveJqLimits,
   truth,
   wellFormed
-} from "./chunks/chunk-XBLVOMEJ.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-AFH57PPL.js";
 import {
   CurlError,
   cloudflareWorkerNetworkLimits,
@@ -81,7 +86,7 @@ import {
   curlCommands,
   defaultNetworkLimits,
   networkCommands
-} from "./chunks/chunk-BXVGCJXW.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-PFMSKAFQ.js";
 import {
   RecordBuffer,
   UsageError,
@@ -113,7 +118,7 @@ import {
   textOutputRequirements,
   value,
   writeDiagnostic
-} from "./chunks/chunk-LHKAA57T.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-GFZKQIPL.js";
 import {
   AvailableRecords,
   EreLedger,
@@ -133,20 +138,36 @@ import {
   exprMatchCeilings,
   matchEre,
   withRegexSession
-} from "./chunks/chunk-PMBBUNNN.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-PW4WQSCS.js";
 import {
   bindFileOutputBudget,
   openFileOutput,
   writeFileOutput
-} from "./chunks/chunk-FMTBJ7SG.js";
-import {
-  createPrCommand,
-  createPrCommands,
-  prCommands
-} from "./chunks/chunk-H6E6F5KJ.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-CEPNDODE.js";
 import {
   createOutputOperation
-} from "./chunks/chunk-OECKXHVJ.js";
+} from "./chunks/chunk-RNKTWFEM.js";
+import {
+  CommandArgumentIdentityError,
+  CommandRegistry,
+  PublicDiagnostic,
+  cancelTurn,
+  concatShellValues,
+  createCommandArguments,
+  getCommandArguments,
+  inheritYieldCheckpoint,
+  monotonicNow,
+  publicDiagnosticMessage,
+  registerYieldCheckpoint,
+  scheduleTurn,
+  shellValueByteLength,
+  shellValueBytes,
+  shellValueFromBytes,
+  shellValueRetainedBytes,
+  shellValueText,
+  validateExitCode,
+  yieldTurn
+} from "./chunks/chunk-UYX72YHY.js";
 import {
   basename,
   dirname,
@@ -158,39 +179,20 @@ import {
   validatePath
 } from "./chunks/chunk-DPJWEGIX.js";
 import {
-  CommandArgumentIdentityError,
-  CommandRegistry,
   FsError,
-  PublicDiagnostic,
-  cancelTurn,
   collectBytes,
   collectText,
-  concatShellValues,
   createBytePipe,
-  createCommandArguments,
-  getCommandArguments,
-  inheritYieldCheckpoint,
   isErrnoCode,
   isFsError,
-  monotonicNow,
   outputFailure,
   pipeBytes,
-  publicDiagnosticMessage,
   readBytes,
-  registerYieldCheckpoint,
-  scheduleTurn,
-  shellValueByteLength,
-  shellValueBytes,
-  shellValueFromBytes,
-  shellValueRetainedBytes,
-  shellValueText,
   toByteSource,
   toFsError,
-  validateExitCode,
   writeBytes,
-  writeText,
-  yieldTurn
-} from "./chunks/chunk-2PQ3XOCQ.js";
+  writeText
+} from "./chunks/chunk-CXMIIXJA.js";
 import {
   import_buffer,
   init_platform
@@ -21200,15 +21202,15 @@ async function collectOperands(context2, options2) {
     }
     plans.push({ source: source2, sourceStat, realSource, destination: destination2, ...destinationStat ? { destinationStat } : {} });
   }
-  const destinations2 = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+  const destinations3 = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
   for (const plan of plans) {
     if (!plan.destination) continue;
     const parent = await context2.fs.realpath(dirname(plan.destination), { signal: context2.signal });
     const realDestination = joinPath(parent, plan.destination.slice(plan.destination.lastIndexOf("/") + 1));
-    if (destinations2.has(realDestination) || plans.some((other) => other.realSource === realDestination || plan.destinationStat && other.sourceStat && sameIdentity(plan.destinationStat, other.sourceStat))) {
+    if (destinations3.has(realDestination) || plans.some((other) => other.realSource === realDestination || plan.destinationStat && other.sourceStat && sameIdentity(plan.destinationStat, other.sourceStat))) {
       throw new FsError("EINVAL", { path: plan.destination, message: "overlapping input/output operands" });
     }
-    destinations2.add(realDestination);
+    destinations3.add(realDestination);
   }
   return plans;
 }
@@ -36798,6 +36800,105 @@ init_platform();
 
 // packages/safe-bash/src/shell/shell.ts
 init_platform();
+
+// packages/safe-bash/src/shell/background-jobs.ts
+init_platform();
+var backgroundPrune = /* @__PURE__ */ Symbol("background initial redirections");
+var destinations2 = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+function backgroundDestination(sink) {
+  return destinations2.get(sink) ?? sink;
+}
+function forwardBackgroundDestination(output2, source2) {
+  destinations2.set(output2, backgroundDestination(source2));
+}
+var backgroundResources = /* @__PURE__ */ Symbol("background descriptor resources");
+var BackgroundResources = class {
+  destination;
+  #users = 0;
+  #resolve;
+  #pending;
+  retain() {
+    this.#users++;
+    let released = false;
+    return () => {
+      if (released) return;
+      released = true;
+      if (--this.#users === 0) {
+        this.#resolve?.();
+        this.#resolve = void 0;
+        this.#pending = void 0;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+  get busy() {
+    return this.#users !== 0;
+  }
+  drain() {
+    return this.#users ? this.#pending ??= new Promise((resolve) => {
+      this.#resolve = resolve;
+    }) : Promise.resolve();
+  }
+};
+var BackgroundExecution = class {
+  constructor(scope, admit2) {
+    this.scope = scope;
+    this.admit = admit2;
+  }
+  scope;
+  admit;
+  #next = 1;
+  #pending = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+  #failures = [];
+  identifier() {
+    this.admit();
+    return String(this.#next++);
+  }
+  track(promise) {
+    this.#pending.add(promise);
+    void promise.then(() => {
+      this.#pending.delete(promise);
+    }, (error) => {
+      this.#pending.delete(promise);
+      this.#failures.push(error);
+    });
+    return promise;
+  }
+  async drain() {
+    while (this.#pending.size) await Promise.allSettled([...this.#pending]);
+    if (this.#failures.length) throw this.#failures[0];
+  }
+};
+var BackgroundJobs = class {
+  constructor(execution) {
+    this.execution = execution;
+  }
+  execution;
+  jobs = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  launch(id, work) {
+    const promise = this.execution.track(Promise.resolve().then(work));
+    let number6 = 1;
+    for (const existing2 of this.jobs.values()) if (!existing2.consumed) number6 = Math.max(number6, existing2.number + 1);
+    const job = { id, number: number6, promise, done: false, consumed: false, waited: false };
+    this.jobs.set(id, job);
+    void promise.then(() => {
+      job.done = true;
+    }, () => {
+      job.done = true;
+    });
+    return id;
+  }
+  resolve(value2) {
+    if (!value2.startsWith("%")) return /^[0-9]+$/u.test(value2) ? this.jobs.get(String(Number(value2))) : void 0;
+    const active = [...this.jobs.values()].filter((job) => !job.consumed);
+    if (["%", "%%", "%+"].includes(value2)) return active.at(-1);
+    if (value2 === "%-") return active.at(-2);
+    if (!/^%[0-9]+$/u.test(value2)) return void 0;
+    const number6 = Number(value2.slice(1));
+    return active.find((job) => job.number === number6);
+  }
+};
+
+// packages/safe-bash/src/shell/shell.ts
 import { createDeviceFileSystem } from "@poe-platform/safe-fs/core";
 
 // packages/safe-bash/src/shell/env-warning.ts
@@ -37611,7 +37712,7 @@ var Lexer2 = class {
     }
     const operator = this.conditionalPattern ? void 0 : /^(?:;;&|<<<|<<-|&>>|;&|&&|\|\||\|&|>>|>&|<&|>\||<<|;;|&>|[;\n|&()<>])/u.exec(logical)?.[0];
     if (operator) {
-      if (["&", "&>>"].includes(operator)) this.error(`Unsupported operator ${operator}`);
+      if (operator === "&>>") this.error(`Unsupported operator ${operator}`);
       this.position = ends[operator.length - 1];
       if (operator === "<<" || operator === "<<-") this.delimiterOperator = operator;
       if (operator === "\n") this.readDocuments();
@@ -38099,7 +38200,7 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
       return;
     }
     this.position++;
-    if (["$", "!"].includes(this.source[this.position] ?? "") || !quoted2 && ["'", '"'].includes(this.source[this.position] ?? "")) this.error("Unsupported shell quoting or special parameter");
+    if (this.source[this.position] === "$" || !quoted2 && ["'", '"'].includes(this.source[this.position] ?? "")) this.error("Unsupported shell quoting or special parameter");
     if (this.source.startsWith("((", this.position)) {
       const start = this.position + 2;
       const end = arithmeticEnd(this.source, start);
@@ -38131,11 +38232,11 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
     } else if (this.source[this.position] === "{") {
       this.position++;
       const parameterStart = this.position - 2;
-      const listing = this.source[this.position] === "!";
+      const listing = this.source[this.position] === "!" && /[a-zA-Z_]/u.test(this.source[this.position + 1] ?? "");
       if (listing) this.position++;
-      const length = !listing && this.source[this.position] === "#" && /[a-zA-Z_]/u.test(this.source[this.position + 1] ?? "");
+      const length = !listing && this.source[this.position] === "#" && /[a-zA-Z_!]/u.test(this.source[this.position + 1] ?? "");
       if (length) this.position++;
-      const name2 = /^(?:[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+|[?@*#-])/u.exec(this.source.slice(this.position))?.[0];
+      const name2 = /^(?:[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+|[?@*#!-])/u.exec(this.source.slice(this.position))?.[0];
       if (!name2) this.error("Unsupported parameter expansion");
       this.position += name2.length;
       let prefixNames;
@@ -38212,7 +38313,7 @@ shell: command substitution: line ${line}: \`${sourceLine}'
         parts.push(part);
       }
     } else {
-      const name2 = /^(?:[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[?@*#0-9-])/u.exec(this.source.slice(this.position))?.[0];
+      const name2 = /^(?:[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[?@*#!0-9-])/u.exec(this.source.slice(this.position))?.[0];
       if (name2) {
         this.position += name2.length;
         parts.push({ kind: "variable", name: name2, quoted: quoted2, line });
@@ -38283,11 +38384,11 @@ var Parser2 = class {
         this.newlines();
         pipelines.push(this.pipeline());
       }
-      lists.push({ pipelines, operators });
+      lists.push({ pipelines, operators, ...this.is("&") ? { background: true } : {} });
       separators.push(this.is("\n"));
       if (captureInputUnits && this.is("\n")) this.completedInput.count = lists.length;
       if (inputUnit && this.is("\n")) break;
-      if (this.is(";") || this.is("\n")) {
+      if (this.is(";") || this.is("&") || this.is("\n")) {
         this.advance();
         if (captureInputUnits && this.is("\n")) this.completedInput.count = lists.length;
         if (inputUnit && this.is("\n")) break;
@@ -39665,10 +39766,10 @@ function ownedShellSource(value2, budget, allocation) {
 // packages/safe-bash/src/shell/display.ts
 init_platform();
 var spelling = (word) => word.spelling ?? word.plain ?? "''";
-function scriptText(script, indent) {
-  return script.lists.map((list) => list.pipelines.map(
+function scriptText(script, indent, terminate = false) {
+  return script.lists.map((list, listIndex) => list.pipelines.map(
     (pipeline, index) => `${index ? `${list.operators[index - 1]} ` : ""}${pipeline.negate ? "! " : ""}${pipeline.commands.map((command7, commandIndex) => `${commandIndex ? pipeline.commands[commandIndex - 1].redirects.some((redirect) => redirect.implicitPipeline) ? " |& " : " | " : ""}${commandText(command7, indent)}`).join("")}`
-  ).join(" ")).join(`;
+  ).join(" ") + (list.background ? " &" : terminate || listIndex < script.lists.length - 1 ? ";" : "")).join(`
 ${indent}`);
 }
 function commandText(command7, indent) {
@@ -39684,7 +39785,7 @@ function commandText(command7, indent) {
     case "arithmetic-for":
       text3 = `for (( ${command7.expressions.map((expression) => expression?.source ?? "").join("; ")} ));
 do
-${nested}${scriptText(command7.body, nested)};
+${nested}${scriptText(command7.body, nested, true)}
 ${indent}done`;
       break;
     case "conditional":
@@ -39703,26 +39804,26 @@ ${indent}}`;
 ${indent}${commandText(command7.body, indent)}`;
       break;
     case "if":
-      text3 = command7.branches.map((branch, index) => `${index ? "elif" : "if"} ${scriptText(branch.condition, indent)}; then
-${nested}${scriptText(branch.body, nested)};`).join(`
+      text3 = command7.branches.map((branch, index) => `${index ? "elif" : "if"} ${scriptText(branch.condition, indent, true)} then
+${nested}${scriptText(branch.body, nested, true)}`).join(`
 ${indent}`);
       if (command7.otherwise) text3 += `
 ${indent}else
-${nested}${scriptText(command7.otherwise, nested)};`;
+${nested}${scriptText(command7.otherwise, nested, true)}`;
       text3 += `
 ${indent}fi`;
       break;
     case "while":
     case "until":
-      text3 = `${command7.kind} ${scriptText(command7.condition, indent)}; do
-${nested}${scriptText(command7.body, nested)};
+      text3 = `${command7.kind} ${scriptText(command7.condition, indent, true)} do
+${nested}${scriptText(command7.body, nested, true)}
 ${indent}done`;
       break;
     case "for":
     case "select":
       text3 = `${command7.kind} ${command7.name}${command7.words ? ` in ${command7.words.map(spelling).join(" ")}` : ""};
 do
-${nested}${scriptText(command7.body, nested)};
+${nested}${scriptText(command7.body, nested, true)}
 ${indent}done`;
       break;
     case "case":
@@ -41626,7 +41727,7 @@ var StateMonitor = class {
       proxy = new Proxy(value2, {
         get(target, key, receiver) {
           const entry = Reflect.get(target, key, receiver);
-          if (entry && typeof entry === "object" && key !== "redirectAssignments") {
+          if (entry && typeof entry === "object" && key !== "redirectAssignments" && key !== "backgroundJobs") {
             if (field2 === "state" && key === "functions") return monitor.wrap(entry, "functions");
             if (field2 !== "functions") return monitor.wrap(entry, field2 === "state" ? String(key) : field2);
           }
@@ -42117,6 +42218,7 @@ var shellBuiltinNames = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
   "declare",
   "mapfile",
   "readarray",
+  "wait",
   "exit",
   "return",
   "break",
@@ -42176,6 +42278,8 @@ function resolveLimits(...limits) {
   }
   return result;
 }
+var runtimeFileSystems = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
+var inputScopes = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
 var budgetedSinks = /* @__PURE__ */ new WeakMap();
 async function sortExpansionStrings(values, work) {
   const compare6 = async (left, right) => {
@@ -42324,6 +42428,7 @@ var Budget25 = class {
         await interruptible3(sink.write(chunk), signal);
       }
     };
+    forwardBackgroundDestination(output2, sink);
     budgetedSinks.set(output2, { budget: this, write: output2.write, ...ownership?.write === sink.write && ownership.file ? { file: ownership.file } : {} });
     return output2;
   }
@@ -42498,6 +42603,7 @@ function signalSink(sink, signal) {
       await interruptible3(write2(chunk), signal);
     }
   };
+  forwardBackgroundDestination(output2, sink);
   if (owned) budgetedSinks.set(output2, { ...owned, write: output2.write });
   return output2;
 }
@@ -42513,6 +42619,7 @@ function bindCommandIO(context2) {
 async function cloneState(state, signal, scope, inheritLocals = true) {
   const destination2 = await snapshotState(state, () => ({
     ...state,
+    ...state.backgroundJobs ? { backgroundJobs: new BackgroundJobs(state.backgroundJobs.execution) } : {},
     variables: Object.assign(/* @__PURE__ */ Object.create(null), state.variables),
     exported: new Set(state.exported),
     functions: new Map(state.functions),
@@ -43157,6 +43264,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     this.outcomeFrame = outcomeFrame;
     this.inputProfile = inputProfile;
     this.fs = scopeFileSystem(fs, () => budget.fileSystemOperation(), signal, () => budget.fileSystemCleanupOperation());
+    runtimeFileSystems.set(this.fs, runtimeFileSystems.get(fs) ?? fs);
     const checkpoint = () => budget.cpuCheckpoint();
     registerYieldCheckpoint(signal, checkpoint);
     registerYieldCheckpoint(commandSignal, checkpoint);
@@ -43877,6 +43985,81 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
   }
   async script(script, state, io) {
     for (const list of script.lists) {
+      if (list.background) {
+        const jobs = state.backgroundJobs;
+        const id = jobs.execution.identifier();
+        const scope = jobs.execution.scope.child();
+        const inheritedDestinations = new Set([io.stdout, io.stderr, ...[...io.descriptors?.values() ?? []].flatMap((descriptor) => descriptor.output && !descriptor.closed ? [descriptor.output] : [])].map(backgroundDestination));
+        const leases = (io[backgroundResources] ?? []).filter((resource) => !resource.destination || inheritedDestinations.has(resource.destination)).map((resource) => ({ resource, release: resource.retain() }));
+        const releases = leases.map((lease) => lease.release);
+        let child;
+        try {
+          child = await cloneState(state, this.signal, scope);
+        } catch (error) {
+          releases.forEach((release) => release());
+          await scope.close();
+          throw error;
+        }
+        child.isolated = true;
+        child.loopDepth = 0;
+        const inherited = isolateIO(activeIO(io));
+        const redirectsInput = list.pipelines[0].commands[0].redirects.some((redirect) => redirect.descriptor === 0);
+        const stdin = redirectsInput ? inherited.stdin : toByteSource("");
+        const descriptors = new Map(inherited.descriptors);
+        descriptors.set(0, { input: stdin, stdinIsDefault: false });
+        let initialRedirection = true;
+        const backgroundIO = {
+          ...inherited,
+          [invocationScope]: scope,
+          stdin,
+          stdinIsDefault: false,
+          descriptors,
+          [backgroundPrune]: list.pipelines.length === 1 ? (descriptors2) => {
+            if (!initialRedirection) return;
+            initialRedirection = false;
+            const destinations3 = new Set([...descriptors2.values()].flatMap((descriptor) => descriptor.output && !descriptor.closed ? [backgroundDestination(descriptor.output)] : []));
+            for (const lease of leases) if (lease.resource.destination && !destinations3.has(lease.resource.destination)) lease.release();
+          } : void 0
+        };
+        const runtime = new _Runtime(
+          runtimeFileSystems.get(this.fs) ?? this.fs,
+          this.commands,
+          this.middleware,
+          this.budget,
+          AbortSignal.any([this.commandSignal, scope.signal]),
+          this.fileWrites,
+          this.outputFiles,
+          this.commandSignal,
+          this.cancellation,
+          this.cancellationState,
+          this.cancellationOwner,
+          this.cancellationDepth,
+          this.cancellationMaxDepth,
+          void 0,
+          this.inputProfile
+        );
+        try {
+          state.lastBackgroundJob = jobs.launch(id, async () => {
+            try {
+              try {
+                return (await runtime.runUnit({ lists: [{ ...list, background: false }] }, child, backgroundIO)).exitCode;
+              } catch (error) {
+                if (error instanceof Flow2 && error.kind === "return") return error.status;
+                throw error;
+              }
+            } finally {
+              releases.forEach((release) => release());
+              await scope.close();
+            }
+          });
+        } catch (error) {
+          releases.forEach((release) => release());
+          await scope.close();
+          throw error;
+        }
+        state.status = 0;
+        continue;
+      }
       for (let index = 0; index < list.pipelines.length; index++) {
         const operator = list.operators[index - 1];
         if (operator === "&&" && state.status !== 0 || operator === "||" && state.status === 0) continue;
@@ -43918,13 +44101,18 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       const completed = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
       const closing = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
       let statuses;
+      const stageLeases = [];
       try {
         for (let index = 1; index < pipeline.commands.length; index++) pipes.push(createBytePipe({
           highWaterMark: this.budget.limits.pipeHighWaterMark,
           signal: this.signal
         }));
         for (let index = 0; index < pipeline.commands.length; index++) controllers.push(new AbortController());
+        stageLeases.push(...pipeline.commands.map(() => (io[backgroundResources] ?? []).filter((resource) => resource.destination).map((resource) => ({ resource, release: resource.retain() }))));
+        io[backgroundPrune]?.(/* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
         const tasks = pipeline.commands.map(async (command7, index) => {
+          let initialRedirection = true;
+          const inheritedLeases = stageLeases[index];
           const incoming = pipes[index - 1];
           const outgoing = pipes[index];
           const childDepth = this.cancellationDepth + 1;
@@ -43978,6 +44166,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               throw error;
             }
           } };
+          const resources = new BackgroundResources();
+          resources.destination = backgroundDestination(pipeOutput ?? io.stdout);
           const executeStage = async () => {
             try {
               let exitCode;
@@ -43986,6 +44176,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                 child.isolated = true;
                 const work = runtime.runCommandIsolated(command7, child, {
                   ...isolateIO(io),
+                  [backgroundResources]: [...io[backgroundResources] ?? [], resources],
+                  [backgroundPrune]: (descriptors) => {
+                    if (!initialRedirection) return;
+                    initialRedirection = false;
+                    const destinations3 = new Set([...descriptors.values()].flatMap((descriptor) => descriptor.output && !descriptor.closed ? [backgroundDestination(descriptor.output)] : []));
+                    for (const lease of inheritedLeases) if (!destinations3.has(lease.resource.destination)) lease.release();
+                  },
                   stdin: input3,
                   ...incoming ? { stdinIsDefault: false } : {},
                   stdout: pipeOutput ? this.budget.sink(pipeOutput, signal) : signalSink(io.stdout, signal),
@@ -43993,12 +44190,14 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                 }).finally(() => stateMonitor(child)?.closeValues());
                 retain(work);
                 exitCode = await interruptible3(work, signal);
+                if (resources.busy) await interruptible3(resources.drain(), signal);
               } catch (error) {
                 if (!(error instanceof PipelineClosed)) throw error;
                 exitCode = 141;
               }
               return { exitCode };
             } finally {
+              inheritedLeases.forEach((lease) => lease.release());
               completed.add(index);
               if (incoming) {
                 const upstream = index - 1;
@@ -44029,6 +44228,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         statuses = await interruptible3(Promise.all(tasks), this.signal);
       } finally {
         try {
+          for (const leases of stageLeases) for (const lease of leases) lease.release();
           for (const close of closing) cancelTurn(close);
           for (const [index, controller] of controllers.entries()) if (!completed.has(index) || written.has(index)) controller.abort(new PipelineClosed());
           const aborts = pipes.map((pipe) => pipe.abort());
@@ -44102,13 +44302,20 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     this.budget.tick();
     if (this.budget.commands % 128 === 0) await yieldTurn(this.signal);
     this.signal.throwIfAborted();
+    const resources = new BackgroundResources();
+    originalIO = { ...originalIO, [backgroundResources]: [...originalIO[backgroundResources] ?? [], resources] };
     const inputs2 = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
     const outputs = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
     const finishOutputs = async (status2) => {
       const pending = [...outputs];
       outputs.clear();
-      const settled = await Promise.allSettled(pending.map((close) => close({ status: status2 })));
-      throwCleanupFailures(settled.filter((result) => result.status === "rejected").map((result) => result.reason));
+      const finish = async () => {
+        await resources.drain();
+        const settled = await Promise.allSettled(pending.map((close) => close({ status: status2 })));
+        throwCleanupFailures(settled.filter((result) => result.status === "rejected").map((result) => result.reason));
+      };
+      if (resources.busy) state.backgroundJobs.execution.track(finish());
+      else await finish();
     };
     const allocation = this.budget.values.scope();
     originalIO = { ...originalIO, [valueScope]: allocation };
@@ -44403,14 +44610,25 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       return status2;
     } finally {
       try {
-        await Promise.allSettled([
-          ...[...outputs].map(async (close) => close({ reason: new FsError("ECANCELED", { syscall: "redirect" }) })),
-          ...[...inputs2].map(async (input3) => input3.close())
-        ]).then((results) => {
-          const failures = results.filter((result) => result.status === "rejected").map((result) => result.reason);
-          if (diagnosticFailure) io[invocationScope].failures.push(...failures);
-          else throwCleanupFailures(failures);
-        }).finally(() => allocation.close());
+        const close = async () => {
+          await resources.drain();
+          await Promise.allSettled([
+            ...[...outputs].map(async (close2) => close2({ reason: new FsError("ECANCELED", { syscall: "redirect" }) })),
+            ...[...inputs2].map(async (input3) => {
+              try {
+                await input3.close();
+              } finally {
+                await inputScopes.get(input3)?.close();
+              }
+            })
+          ]).then((results) => {
+            const failures = results.filter((result) => result.status === "rejected").map((result) => result.reason);
+            if (diagnosticFailure) io[invocationScope].failures.push(...failures);
+            else throwCleanupFailures(failures);
+          }).finally(() => allocation.close());
+        };
+        if (resources.busy) state.backgroundJobs.execution.track(close());
+        else await close();
       } finally {
         finishSnapshot?.();
         await snapshotScope?.close();
@@ -44486,6 +44704,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       const stdinIsDefault = descriptor?.input ? descriptor.stdinIsDefault : false;
       return {
         [invocationScope]: io[invocationScope],
+        [backgroundResources]: io[backgroundResources],
+        [backgroundPrune]: io[backgroundPrune],
         ...io[valueScope] === void 0 ? {} : { [valueScope]: io[valueScope] },
         ...io.execution === void 0 ? {} : { execution: io.execution },
         ...io.diagnosticLine === void 0 ? {} : { diagnosticLine: io.diagnosticLine },
@@ -44550,15 +44770,28 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             await interruptible3(this.fs.access(path, 4, options2), this.signal);
             const stat = await interruptible3(this.fs.stat(path, options2), this.signal);
             if (stat.type === "directory" && !fileShortcut) throw new PublicDiagnostic(`${target}: Is a directory`);
-            const source2 = stat.type === "directory" ? toByteSource("") : await fileInput(this.fs, path, this.budget.limits.maxInputBytes, this.signal, this.inputProfile, { stat, registerCleanup: (cleanup) => {
-              io[invocationScope].register(cleanup);
-            } });
-            const input3 = new ShellInput(source2, this.budget, this.signal, { stat, ...source2 });
-            inputs2.add(input3);
+            const inputScope = (state.backgroundJobs?.execution.scope ?? io[invocationScope]).child();
+            let input3;
+            try {
+              const inputSignal = this.commandSignal;
+              const inputFs = scopeFileSystem(runtimeFileSystems.get(this.fs) ?? this.fs, () => this.budget.fileSystemOperation(), inputSignal, () => this.budget.fileSystemCleanupOperation());
+              const source2 = stat.type === "directory" ? toByteSource("") : await fileInput(inputFs, path, this.budget.limits.maxInputBytes, inputSignal, this.inputProfile, { stat, registerCleanup: (cleanup) => {
+                inputScope.register(cleanup);
+              } });
+              input3 = new ShellInput(source2, this.budget, inputSignal, { stat, ...source2 });
+              inputScopes.set(input3, inputScope);
+              inputs2.add(input3);
+            } catch (error) {
+              await inputScope.close();
+              throw error;
+            }
             descriptors.set(redirect.descriptor, { input: input3, stdinIsDefault: false });
           } else {
+            const outputSignal = this.commandSignal;
+            const outputFs = scopeFileSystem(runtimeFileSystems.get(this.fs) ?? this.fs, () => this.budget.fileSystemOperation(), outputSignal, () => this.budget.fileSystemCleanupOperation());
+            const options3 = { signal: outputSignal };
             const append = redirect.operator === ">>";
-            const capabilities = await this.fs.capabilitiesFor?.(path, options2) ?? this.fs.capabilities;
+            const capabilities = await outputFs.capabilitiesFor?.(path, options3) ?? outputFs.capabilities;
             const random = capabilities.randomAccessWrite === true;
             const key = resolvePath(state.cwd, path);
             let file;
@@ -44567,15 +44800,15 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               if (!random && file.references) throw new FsError("ENOTSUP", { path, message: "Conflicting sequential output descriptors" });
               file.references++;
               this.outputFiles.set(key, file);
-            });
+            }, outputSignal);
             let closed = false;
             let offset = 0;
             const incremental = async () => {
               await this.fileOperation(key, async () => {
-                if (append) await this.fs.appendFile(path, new Uint8Array(), options2);
-                else await this.fs.writeFile(path, new Uint8Array(), { ...options2, flag: "w" });
+                if (append) await outputFs.appendFile(path, new Uint8Array(), options3);
+                else await outputFs.writeFile(path, new Uint8Array(), { ...options3, flag: "w" });
                 if (!append) file.data = new Uint8Array();
-              });
+              }, outputSignal);
               return { write: (chunk) => {
                 const copy2 = new Uint8Array(chunk);
                 return this.fileOperation(key, async () => {
@@ -44584,25 +44817,25 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                   let atEOF = false;
                   if (!append && current && offset === current.length && capabilities.append === true && capabilities.stat !== false) {
                     try {
-                      atEOF = (await interruptible3(this.fs.stat(path, options2), this.signal)).size === offset;
+                      atEOF = (await interruptible3(outputFs.stat(path, options3), outputSignal)).size === offset;
                     } catch {
-                      this.signal.throwIfAborted();
+                      outputSignal.throwIfAborted();
                     }
-                    this.signal.throwIfAborted();
+                    outputSignal.throwIfAborted();
                   }
                   if (append || atEOF) {
                     const bytes3 = current ? appendOutputBytes(current, copy2) : void 0;
-                    await this.fs.appendFile(path, copy2, options2);
+                    await outputFs.appendFile(path, copy2, options3);
                     file.data = bytes3;
                   } else {
                     const bytes3 = new Uint8Array(Math.max(current?.length ?? 0, offset + copy2.length));
                     if (current) bytes3.set(current);
                     bytes3.set(copy2, offset);
-                    await this.fs.writeFile(path, bytes3, options2);
+                    await outputFs.writeFile(path, bytes3, options3);
                     file.data = bytes3;
                   }
                   if (!append) offset += copy2.length;
-                });
+                }, outputSignal);
               } };
             };
             const resumePathCache = this.budget.pathLookup.suspend();
@@ -44615,8 +44848,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             let target2;
             let outputScope;
             try {
-              outputScope = io[invocationScope].child();
-              target2 = await openFileOutput({ fs: this.fs, signal: this.signal, registerCleanup: (cleanup) => {
+              outputScope = (state.backgroundJobs?.execution.scope ?? io[invocationScope]).child();
+              target2 = await openFileOutput({ fs: outputFs, signal: outputSignal, registerCleanup: (cleanup) => {
                 outputScope.register(cleanup);
               } }, path, append ? "a" : "w", random ? incremental : void 0);
             } catch (error) {
@@ -44629,13 +44862,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             }
             outputs.add(async (completion) => {
               try {
-                if (this.signal.aborted) await target2.abort(this.signal.reason);
+                if (outputSignal.aborted) await target2.abort(outputSignal.reason);
                 else if ("reason" in completion) await target2.abort(completion.reason);
                 else {
                   try {
                     await target2.finish();
                   } catch (error) {
-                    this.signal.throwIfAborted();
+                    outputSignal.throwIfAborted();
                     if (completion.status === 0) throw error;
                   }
                 }
@@ -44647,7 +44880,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                 }
               }
             });
-            const output2 = this.budget.sink(target2.sink, this.signal);
+            const output2 = this.budget.sink(target2.sink, outputSignal);
             budgetedSinks.get(output2).file = Object.freeze({ path });
             descriptors.set(redirect.descriptor, { output: output2 });
             if (redirect.operator === "&>") {
@@ -44661,17 +44894,18 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       const diagnostic4 = errorTarget === void 0 ? void 0 : filesystemDiagnostic(error, errorTarget);
       throw new ExecutionFailure(error, currentIO(), diagnostic4);
     }
+    io[backgroundPrune]?.(descriptors);
     return currentIO();
   }
-  async fileOperation(path, operation2) {
+  async fileOperation(path, operation2, signal = this.signal) {
     const previous = this.fileWrites.get(path) ?? Promise.resolve();
     const pending = previous.catch(() => void 0).then(() => {
-      this.signal.throwIfAborted();
+      signal.throwIfAborted();
       return operation2();
     });
     this.fileWrites.set(path, pending);
     try {
-      await interruptible3(pending, this.signal);
+      await interruptible3(pending, signal);
     } finally {
       if (this.fileWrites.get(path) === pending) this.fileWrites.delete(path);
     }
@@ -44742,7 +44976,11 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     };
     let overlayOpen = false;
     try {
-      if (snapshotScope) state = await cloneState(state, this.signal, snapshotScope);
+      if (snapshotScope) {
+        const jobs = state.backgroundJobs;
+        state = await cloneState(state, this.signal, snapshotScope);
+        state.backgroundJobs = jobs;
+      }
       if (words.length) {
         stateMonitor(state)?.openOverlay(previous);
         overlayOpen = true;
@@ -44867,6 +45105,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
   async dispatchScoped(name2, values, state, io, assignments2, bypassFunctions) {
     const { [invocationScope]: scope, ...publicIO } = io;
     Reflect.deleteProperty(publicIO, valueScope);
+    Reflect.deleteProperty(publicIO, backgroundResources);
+    Reflect.deleteProperty(publicIO, backgroundPrune);
     const allocation = this.budget.values.scope();
     scope.register(() => allocation.close());
     const argumentValues = this.admitArguments(values, allocation);
@@ -44928,6 +45168,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         args: admitted.args,
         argumentValues: admitted,
         [invocationScope]: scope,
+        [backgroundResources]: io[backgroundResources],
+        [backgroundPrune]: io[backgroundPrune],
         ...io[valueScope] === void 0 ? {} : { [valueScope]: io[valueScope] }
       };
       const previous = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
@@ -45311,6 +45553,7 @@ ${functionDisplay(name2, state.functions.get(name2))}`;
       directoryStack: { entries: [], bytes: 0 },
       dotglob: false,
       globstar: false,
+      backgroundJobs: new BackgroundJobs(state.backgroundJobs.execution),
       positional: [],
       arg0: shellValueText(arg0),
       profile: context2.command === "sh" ? "sh" : "bash",
@@ -45535,6 +45778,8 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       };
       Reflect.deleteProperty(context2, invocationScope);
       Reflect.deleteProperty(context2, valueScope);
+      Reflect.deleteProperty(context2, backgroundResources);
+      Reflect.deleteProperty(context2, backgroundPrune);
       bindCommandIO(context2);
       bindFileOutputBudget(context2, (sink) => this.budget.sink(sink, runtime.signal));
       if (argumentValues.values.every((value2) => typeof value2 === "string")) Reflect.deleteProperty(context2, "argumentValues");
@@ -46659,10 +46904,108 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       }
     }
   }
+  async waitBuiltin(context2, state) {
+    let next = false;
+    let variable;
+    let index = 0;
+    for (; index < context2.args.length; index++) {
+      const option = context2.args[index];
+      if (option === "--") {
+        index++;
+        break;
+      }
+      if (!option.startsWith("-") || option === "-") break;
+      for (let flag = 1; flag < option.length; flag++) {
+        const letter = option[flag];
+        if (letter === "n") next = true;
+        else if (letter === "f") {
+        } else if (letter === "p") {
+          variable = option.slice(flag + 1) || context2.args[++index];
+          if (variable === void 0) {
+            await writeDiagnostic(context2.stderr, "wait: -p: option requires an argument\n");
+            return 2;
+          }
+          if (!/^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*(?:\[.+\])?$/su.test(variable)) {
+            await writeDiagnostic(context2.stderr, `wait: ${variable}: not a valid identifier
+`);
+            return 1;
+          }
+          break;
+        } else {
+          await writeDiagnostic(context2.stderr, `wait: -${letter}: invalid option
+`);
+          return 2;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    const target = variable === void 0 ? void 0 : /^([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)(?:\[(.+)\])?$/su.exec(variable);
+    if (target) {
+      const name2 = target[1];
+      if (state.readonlyVariables?.has(name2)) {
+        await writeDiagnostic(context2.stderr, `wait: ${name2}: readonly variable
+`);
+        return 1;
+      }
+      if (target[2] === void 0) {
+        if (arrayStore(state)?.get(name2)) await this.unsetIndexed(state, name2);
+        else this.unsetVariable(state, name2);
+      }
+    }
+    const publish4 = async (id) => {
+      if (!target) return;
+      if (target[2] === void 0) await this.assignVariable(state, target[1], id);
+      else await this.arrayAssignment({ kind: "element", name: target[1], index: { decimal: target[2], source: target[2] }, append: false, value: { offset: 0, parts: [{ kind: "text", value: id, quoted: true }] } }, state, context2);
+    };
+    const table = state.backgroundJobs;
+    const ids = context2.args.slice(index);
+    const selected = [];
+    let invalid3 = false;
+    for (const id of ids) {
+      if (!id.startsWith("%") && !/^[0-9]+$/u.test(id)) {
+        await writeDiagnostic(context2.stderr, `wait: ${id}: not a pid or valid job spec
+`);
+        if (next) continue;
+        return 1;
+      }
+      const job = table.resolve(id);
+      if (!job) {
+        await writeDiagnostic(context2.stderr, `wait: ${id}: not a child of this shell
+`);
+        invalid3 = true;
+      } else selected.push(job);
+    }
+    if (next) {
+      const eligible = ids.length ? selected.filter((job) => !job.waited) : [...table.jobs.values()].filter((job) => !job.done && !job.consumed);
+      if (!eligible.length) return 127;
+      const result = await interruptible3(Promise.race(eligible.map(async (job) => ({ job, status: await job.promise }))), this.signal);
+      result.job.consumed = true;
+      await publish4(result.job.id);
+      return result.status;
+    }
+    if (!ids.length) {
+      await interruptible3(Promise.all([...table.jobs.values()].map((job) => job.promise)), this.signal);
+      table.jobs.clear();
+      return 0;
+    }
+    let status2 = invalid3 ? 127 : 0;
+    for (const id of ids) {
+      const job = table.resolve(id);
+      if (!job) {
+        status2 = 127;
+        continue;
+      }
+      status2 = await interruptible3(job.promise, this.signal);
+      job.consumed = true;
+      job.waited = true;
+      await publish4(job.id);
+    }
+    return status2;
+  }
   async builtin(context2, state, assignments2, diagnose, suppressSpecial = false) {
     const { command: command7, args, stdout, stderr } = context2;
     if (command7 === ":" || command7 === "true") return 0;
     if (command7 === "false") return 1;
+    if (command7 === "wait") return this.waitBuiltin(context2, state);
     if (command7 === "shopt") return this.shoptBuiltin(context2, state);
     if (command7 === "let") return this.letBuiltin(context2, state);
     if (command7 === "mapfile" || command7 === "readarray") return this.mapfileBuiltin(context2, state);
@@ -47375,10 +47718,13 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
         command8,
         part.sourceLine === void 0 ? warningLine + (command8.line ?? part.line) - part.line : warningLine + line - 1
       );
-      const captureIO = { ...isolateIO(io), substitutionDiagnosticLines, diagnosticOffset: (io.diagnosticLine ?? part.line) - (part.sourceLine ?? part.line), stdout: this.budget.sink(capture, this.signal) };
+      const resources = new BackgroundResources();
+      const captureIO = { ...isolateIO(io), [backgroundResources]: [...io[backgroundResources] ?? [], resources], substitutionDiagnosticLines, diagnosticOffset: (io.diagnosticLine ?? part.line) - (part.sourceLine ?? part.line), stdout: this.budget.sink(capture, this.signal) };
+      resources.destination = backgroundDestination(captureIO.stdout);
       try {
         state.substitutionStatus = fileShortcut ? await this.runCommandIsolated(command7, child, captureIO, true) : await this.run(part.script, child, captureIO);
       } finally {
+        await interruptible3(resources.drain(), this.signal);
         stateMonitor(child)?.closeValues();
       }
       state.status = state.substitutionStatus;
@@ -47416,7 +47762,7 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       io[valueScope]?.reserve(values.length * 32 + 64, 0);
       return concatShellValues(values.flatMap((value3, index) => index ? [separator, value3] : [value3]), io[valueScope]);
     }
-    let value2 = part.name === "?" ? String(state.status) : part.name === "-" ? `${state.errexit ? "e" : ""}${state.nounset ? "u" : ""}${state.braceexpand !== false ? "B" : ""}` : part.name === "#" ? String(state.positional.length) : part.name === "@" || part.name === "*" ? state.positional.join(hereString && (part.name === "@" || !part.quoted) ? " " : Array.from(state.variables.IFS ?? " ")[0] ?? "") : /^0+$/u.test(part.name) ? state.arg0 ?? "virtual-bash" : /^\d+$/u.test(part.name) ? state.positional[Number(part.name) - 1] : this.variable(state, part.name);
+    let value2 = part.name === "!" ? state.lastBackgroundJob : part.name === "?" ? String(state.status) : part.name === "-" ? `${state.errexit ? "e" : ""}${state.nounset ? "u" : ""}${state.braceexpand !== false ? "B" : ""}` : part.name === "#" ? String(state.positional.length) : part.name === "@" || part.name === "*" ? state.positional.join(hereString && (part.name === "@" || !part.quoted) ? " " : Array.from(state.variables.IFS ?? " ")[0] ?? "") : /^0+$/u.test(part.name) ? state.arg0 ?? "virtual-bash" : /^\d+$/u.test(part.name) ? state.positional[Number(part.name) - 1] : this.variable(state, part.name);
     let retained = value2;
     if (!part.length && value2 !== void 0) {
       if (/^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$/u.test(part.name) && !arrayStore(state)?.get(part.name)) retained = stateMonitor(state)?.values.get(part.name, value2) ?? value2;
@@ -49064,6 +49410,7 @@ var Shell = class {
       stdout: sink(stdout, options2.stdout),
       stderr: sink(stderr, options2.stderr)
     };
+    const background = new BackgroundExecution(scope, () => budget.tick());
     let exitCode;
     let failed = false;
     try {
@@ -49082,6 +49429,7 @@ var Shell = class {
         variables.OPTIND = "1";
         variables.OPTERR = "1";
         const state = {
+          backgroundJobs: new BackgroundJobs(background),
           cwd,
           variables,
           exported,
@@ -49157,7 +49505,13 @@ shell: -c: line ${line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
     } finally {
       if (failed) await stdin?.close().catch(() => {
       });
-      else await stdin?.close();
+      else {
+        try {
+          await interruptible3(background.drain(), budget.signal);
+        } finally {
+          await stdin?.close();
+        }
+      }
     }
     const stdoutBytes = stdout.takeBytes();
     const stderrBytes = stderr.takeBytes();