@playcanvas/web-components 0.9.0 → 0.10.1

package/dist/pwc.mjs

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
-import { basisInitialize, WasmModule, Vec3, Color, Vec4, Quat, Vec2, createGraphicsDevice, AppOptions, Keyboard, Mouse, ElementInput, AnimComponentSystem, AnimationComponentSystem, AudioListenerComponentSystem, ButtonComponentSystem, CameraComponentSystem, CollisionComponentSystem, ElementComponentSystem, GSplatComponentSystem, JointComponentSystem, LayoutChildComponentSystem, LayoutGroupComponentSystem, LightComponentSystem, ModelComponentSystem, ParticleSystemComponentSystem, RenderComponentSystem, RigidBodyComponentSystem, ScreenComponentSystem, ScriptComponentSystem, ScrollbarComponentSystem, ScrollViewComponentSystem, SoundComponentSystem, SpriteComponentSystem, ZoneComponentSystem, AnimClipHandler, AnimationHandler, AnimStateGraphHandler, AudioHandler, BinaryHandler, CssHandler, ContainerHandler, CubemapHandler, FolderHandler, FontHandler, GSplatHandler, HierarchyHandler, HtmlHandler, JsonHandler, MaterialHandler, ModelHandler, RenderHandler, ScriptHandler, SceneHandler, ShaderHandler, SpriteHandler, TemplateHandler, TextHandler, TextureAtlasHandler, TextureHandler, SoundManager, Lightmapper, BatchManager, XrManager, AppBase, FILLMODE_FILL_WINDOW, RESOLUTION_AUTO, Picker, MeshInstance, Entity, Asset, SPRITE_RENDERMODE_SIMPLE, SPRITE_RENDERMODE_SLICED, SPRITE_RENDERMODE_TILED, BUTTON_TRANSITION_MODE_TINT, BUTTON_TRANSITION_MODE_SPRITE_CHANGE, PROJECTION_ORTHOGRAPHIC, PROJECTION_PERSPECTIVE, GAMMA_SRGB, GAMMA_NONE, XRTYPE_VR, TONEMAP_NONE, TONEMAP_LINEAR, TONEMAP_FILMIC, TONEMAP_HEJL, TONEMAP_ACES, TONEMAP_ACES2, TONEMAP_NEUTRAL, ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL, FITTING_NONE, FITTING_STRETCH, FITTING_SHRINK, FITTING_BOTH, ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, SHADOW_PCF3_32F, SHADOW_PCF1_16F, SHADOW_PCF1_32F, SHADOW_PCF3_16F, SHADOW_PCF5_16F, SHADOW_PCF5_32F, SHADOW_VSM_16F, SHADOW_VSM_32F, SHADOW_PCSS_32F, StandardMaterial, SCALEMODE_BLEND, SCALEMODE_NONE, SCROLL_MODE_BOUNCE, SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_WHEN_REQUIRED, SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_ALWAYS, SCROLL_MODE_CLAMP, SCROLL_MODE_INFINITE, EnvLighting, LAYERID_SKYBOX } from 'playcanvas';
+import { basisInitialize, WasmModule, Vec3, Color, Vec4, Quat, Vec2, createGraphicsDevice, AppOptions, Keyboard, Mouse, ElementInput, AnimComponentSystem, AnimationComponentSystem, AudioListenerComponentSystem, ButtonComponentSystem, CameraComponentSystem, CollisionComponentSystem, ElementComponentSystem, GSplatComponentSystem, JointComponentSystem, LayoutChildComponentSystem, LayoutGroupComponentSystem, LightComponentSystem, ModelComponentSystem, ParticleSystemComponentSystem, RenderComponentSystem, RigidBodyComponentSystem, ScreenComponentSystem, ScriptComponentSystem, ScrollbarComponentSystem, ScrollViewComponentSystem, SoundComponentSystem, SpriteComponentSystem, ZoneComponentSystem, AnimClipHandler, AnimationHandler, AnimStateGraphHandler, AudioHandler, BinaryHandler, CssHandler, ContainerHandler, CubemapHandler, FolderHandler, FontHandler, GSplatHandler, HierarchyHandler, HtmlHandler, JsonHandler, MaterialHandler, ModelHandler, RenderHandler, ScriptHandler, SceneHandler, ShaderHandler, SpriteHandler, TemplateHandler, TextHandler, TextureAtlasHandler, TextureHandler, SoundManager, Lightmapper, BatchManager, XrManager, AppBase, FILLMODE_FILL_WINDOW, RESOLUTION_AUTO, Picker, MeshInstance, Entity, Asset, SPRITE_RENDERMODE_SIMPLE, SPRITE_RENDERMODE_SLICED, SPRITE_RENDERMODE_TILED, BUTTON_TRANSITION_MODE_TINT, BUTTON_TRANSITION_MODE_SPRITE_CHANGE, PROJECTION_ORTHOGRAPHIC, PROJECTION_PERSPECTIVE, GAMMA_SRGB, GAMMA_NONE, XRTYPE_VR, TONEMAP_NONE, TONEMAP_LINEAR, TONEMAP_FILMIC, TONEMAP_HEJL, TONEMAP_ACES, TONEMAP_ACES2, TONEMAP_NEUTRAL, ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL, FITTING_NONE, FITTING_STRETCH, FITTING_SHRINK, FITTING_BOTH, ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, SHADOW_PCF3_32F, SHADOW_PCF1_16F, SHADOW_PCF1_32F, SHADOW_PCF3_16F, SHADOW_PCF5_16F, SHADOW_PCF5_32F, SHADOW_VSM_16F, SHADOW_VSM_32F, SHADOW_PCSS_32F, StandardMaterial, BLEND_NONE, CULLFACE_BACK, FRESNEL_SCHLICK, SPECOCC_AO, BLEND_NORMAL, BLEND_ADDITIVE, BLEND_ADDITIVEALPHA, BLEND_PREMULTIPLIED, BLEND_MULTIPLICATIVE, BLEND_MULTIPLICATIVE2X, BLEND_SCREEN, BLEND_MIN, BLEND_MAX, BLEND_SUBTRACTIVE, CULLFACE_NONE, CULLFACE_FRONT, CULLFACE_FRONTANDBACK, FRESNEL_NONE, SPECOCC_NONE, SPECOCC_GLOSSDEPENDENT, SCALEMODE_BLEND, SCALEMODE_NONE, SCROLL_MODE_BOUNCE, SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_WHEN_REQUIRED, SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_ALWAYS, SCROLL_MODE_CLAMP, SCROLL_MODE_INFINITE, EnvLighting, LAYERID_SKYBOX } from 'playcanvas';
 
 /**
  * Base class for all PlayCanvas Web Components that initialize asynchronously.
+ *
+ * @fires {CustomEvent} ready - Fired once the element is fully initialized. Bubbles and is
+ * composed.
  */
 class AsyncElement extends HTMLElement {
+    _readyPromise;
+    _readyResolve;
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super();
@@ -11,13 +16,21 @@ class AsyncElement extends HTMLElement {
             this._readyResolve = resolve;
         });
     }
+    /**
+     * The nearest ancestor `<pc-app>` element, or `null` if this element has no `<pc-app>`
+     * ancestor. The search starts at the parent, so an element never resolves to itself.
+     * @returns The closest app element, or `null`.
+     */
     get closestApp() {
-        var _a;
-        return (_a = this.parentElement) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.closest('pc-app');
+        return this.parentElement?.closest('pc-app') ?? null;
     }
+    /**
+     * The nearest ancestor `<pc-entity>` element, or `null` if this element has no `<pc-entity>`
+     * ancestor. The search starts at the parent, so an element never resolves to itself.
+     * @returns The closest entity element, or `null`.
+     */
     get closestEntity() {
-        var _a;
-        return (_a = this.parentElement) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.closest('pc-entity');
+        return this.parentElement?.closest('pc-entity') ?? null;
     }
     /**
      * Called when the element is fully initialized and ready. Subclasses should call this when
@@ -48,7 +61,7 @@ async function whenReady(target) {
         try {
             element = document.querySelector(target);
         }
-        catch (_a) {
+        catch {
             throw new Error(`whenReady: '${target}' is not a valid CSS selector`);
         }
         if (!element) {
@@ -71,8 +84,19 @@ async function whenReady(target) {
  * {@link https://developer.playcanvas.com/user-manual/web-components/tags/pc-module/ | `<pc-module>`} elements.
  * The ModuleElement interface also inherits the properties and methods of the
  * {@link HTMLElement} interface.
+ *
+ * Note that these attributes are read once when the element is created, so changing them later
+ * has no effect.
+ *
+ * @attribute {string} name - The name of the WebAssembly module to configure, e.g. `Basis` or
+ * `Ammo`.
+ * @attribute {string} glue - The URL of the module's glue script.
+ * @attribute {string} wasm - The URL of the module's WebAssembly binary.
+ * @attribute {string} fallback - The URL of the module's asm.js fallback script, used when
+ * WebAssembly is unavailable.
  */
 class ModuleElement extends HTMLElement {
+    loadPromise;
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super();
@@ -100,6 +124,116 @@ class ModuleElement extends HTMLElement {
 }
 customElements.define('pc-module', ModuleElement);
 
+/** Covers the 0.2s opacity transition; jsdom never fires transitionend, so removal is timed. */
+const REMOVAL_DELAY_MS = 250;
+/**
+ * The slim progress bar `<pc-app>` shows while it boots and preloads. An implementation detail of
+ * AppElement rather than a custom element, so its shape can change without a breaking change.
+ *
+ * All styling is inline, so the library injects no stylesheet. The colors and height resolve CSS
+ * custom properties — `--pc-loading-bar-color`, `--pc-loading-bar-background` and
+ * `--pc-loading-bar-height` — so a page can theme the bar from `pc-app` or `:root`.
+ */
+class LoadingBar {
+    _track;
+    _fill;
+    _sweep = null;
+    _removal = null;
+    /**
+     * Creates the bar and appends it to `parent`, starting in the indeterminate state.
+     * @param parent - The element to append the bar to.
+     */
+    constructor(parent) {
+        this._track = document.createElement('div');
+        this._track.setAttribute('role', 'progressbar');
+        this._track.setAttribute('aria-label', 'Loading');
+        this._track.setAttribute('aria-valuemin', '0');
+        this._track.setAttribute('aria-valuemax', '100');
+        // Fixed positioning matches the canvas, which always fills the window (FILLMODE_FILL_WINDOW)
+        this._track.style.cssText = [
+            'position: fixed',
+            'top: 0',
+            'left: 0',
+            'width: 100%',
+            'height: var(--pc-loading-bar-height, 3px)',
+            'background: var(--pc-loading-bar-background, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1))',
+            'z-index: 10000',
+            'pointer-events: none',
+            'opacity: 1',
+            'transition: opacity 0.2s ease'
+        ].join('; ');
+        this._fill = document.createElement('div');
+        this._fill.style.cssText = [
+            'width: 100%',
+            'height: 100%',
+            'transform-origin: left center',
+            'transform: scaleX(0)',
+            'background: var(--pc-loading-bar-color, #f60)',
+            'transition: transform 0.2s ease'
+        ].join('; ');
+        this._track.appendChild(this._fill);
+        parent.appendChild(this._track);
+        // Indeterminate sweep until the first progress() call reports a real total. No
+        // aria-valuenow is set, which is what marks a progressbar indeterminate. jsdom has no Web
+        // Animations API, so the guard degrades to a static bar there rather than crashing boot.
+        if (typeof this._fill.animate === 'function') {
+            this._sweep = this._fill.animate([
+                { transform: 'scaleX(0.25) translateX(-100%)' },
+                { transform: 'scaleX(0.25) translateX(500%)' }
+            ], {
+                duration: 1000,
+                iterations: Infinity,
+                easing: 'ease-in-out'
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Reflects preload progress, switching the bar from indeterminate to determinate on the first
+     * call.
+     * @param loaded - The number of assets that have finished loading.
+     * @param total - The number of assets being preloaded.
+     */
+    progress(loaded, total) {
+        if (this._sweep) {
+            this._sweep.cancel();
+            this._sweep = null;
+        }
+        const fraction = total === 0 ? 1 : loaded / total;
+        this._track.setAttribute('aria-valuenow', String(Math.round(fraction * 100)));
+        this._fill.style.transform = `scaleX(${fraction})`;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Fills the bar, fades it out and removes it. Idempotent.
+     */
+    complete() {
+        if (this._removal !== null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (this._sweep) {
+            this._sweep.cancel();
+            this._sweep = null;
+        }
+        this._track.setAttribute('aria-valuenow', '100');
+        this._fill.style.transform = 'scaleX(1)';
+        this._track.style.opacity = '0';
+        this._removal = setTimeout(() => this._track.remove(), REMOVAL_DELAY_MS);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Removes the bar immediately, cancelling any pending fade. Idempotent.
+     */
+    destroy() {
+        if (this._sweep) {
+            this._sweep.cancel();
+            this._sweep = null;
+        }
+        if (this._removal !== null) {
+            clearTimeout(this._removal);
+            this._removal = null;
+        }
+        this._track.remove();
+    }
+}
+
 const CSS_COLORS = {
     aliceblue: '#f0f8ff',
     antiquewhite: '#faebd7',
@@ -252,20 +386,22 @@ const CSS_COLORS = {
 };
 
 /**
- * Parse a boolean attribute value. The same rules apply to every boolean attribute:
+ * Converts HTML attribute values into the values the engine expects. Every element's
+ * `attributeChangedCallback` funnels through this module.
  *
- * - Attribute absent (or removed): the supplied default is used.
- * - Attribute set to the string 'false': `false`.
- * - Attribute present with any other value, including the empty string of a bare boolean
- *   attribute (e.g. `<pc-light cast-shadows>`): `true`.
+ * The parsers share one contract:
  *
- * @param value - The attribute value to parse (`null` when the attribute is absent).
- * @param defaultValue - The value to use when the attribute is absent or removed.
- * @returns The parsed boolean.
+ * - A `null` value means the attribute is absent or was removed, and yields the supplied default.
+ * - A malformed value yields the same default and logs exactly one `console.warn` naming the
+ *   attribute, so misuse is reported rather than thrown — nothing here throws or rejects.
+ * - A math-type default is cloned on the way out, which is what makes it safe to pass the engine's
+ *   shared frozen constants (`Vec3.ZERO`, `Color.WHITE`) as defaults.
+ * - `parseBool` and `parseTags` take no attribute name, because every value is valid for them and
+ *   so they never warn.
+ *
+ * `getEntity` is the exception: it resolves a reference to a live entity rather than parsing a
+ * literal, and returns `null` instead of falling back to a default.
  */
-const parseBool = (value, defaultValue) => {
-    return value === null ? defaultValue : value !== 'false';
-};
 /**
  * Splits an attribute value into exactly `count` numeric components. Returns `null` when the
  * value does not consist of exactly `count` whitespace-separated finite numbers.
@@ -293,6 +429,21 @@ const parseComponents = (value, count) => {
 const cloneDefault = (value) => {
     return (value === null ? null : value.clone());
 };
+/**
+ * Parse a boolean attribute value. The same rules apply to every boolean attribute:
+ *
+ * - Attribute absent (or removed): the supplied default is used.
+ * - Attribute set to the string 'false': `false`.
+ * - Attribute present with any other value, including the empty string of a bare boolean
+ *   attribute (e.g. `<pc-light cast-shadows>`): `true`.
+ *
+ * @param value - The attribute value to parse (`null` when the attribute is absent).
+ * @param defaultValue - The value to use when the attribute is absent or removed.
+ * @returns The parsed boolean.
+ */
+const parseBool = (value, defaultValue) => {
+    return value === null ? defaultValue : value !== 'false';
+};
 /**
  * Parse a color attribute value. The expected format is a CSS color name (e.g. 'rebeccapurple'),
  * a hex color (e.g. '#ff0000' or '#f00'), or 3 or 4 space-separated numbers in the range 0 to 1
@@ -306,7 +457,6 @@ const cloneDefault = (value) => {
  * @returns The parsed Color object.
  */
 const parseColor = (value, defaultValue, attribute) => {
-    var _a;
     if (value === null) {
         return cloneDefault(defaultValue);
     }
@@ -324,13 +474,56 @@ const parseColor = (value, defaultValue, attribute) => {
         return new Color().fromString(`#${hex}`);
     }
     // 3 or 4 space-separated components (e.g. '1 0.5 0.5')
-    const components = (_a = parseComponents(value, 4)) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : parseComponents(value, 3);
+    const components = parseComponents(value, 4) ?? parseComponents(value, 3);
     if (components) {
         return new Color(components);
     }
     console.warn(`Invalid value '${value}' for attribute '${attribute}'. Expected a CSS color name, a hex color or 3 or 4 space-separated numbers. Using '${defaultValue}'.`);
     return cloneDefault(defaultValue);
 };
+/**
+ * Resolves an enum attribute value against its set of valid names. Returns the value when it is
+ * one of the valid names. Returns `defaultValue` when the attribute is absent (`null`), or when
+ * the value is invalid — the latter also logs a warning listing the valid names.
+ *
+ * @param value - The attribute value to parse (`null` when the attribute is absent).
+ * @param valid - The valid names: an array, or a map whose keys are the valid names.
+ * @param defaultValue - The value to use when the attribute is absent or invalid.
+ * @param attribute - The attribute name, used in the warning message.
+ * @returns The resolved enum name.
+ */
+const parseEnum = (value, valid, defaultValue, attribute) => {
+    if (value === null) {
+        return defaultValue;
+    }
+    const names = Array.isArray(valid) ? valid : [...valid.keys()];
+    if (names.includes(value)) {
+        return value;
+    }
+    console.warn(`Invalid value '${value}' for attribute '${attribute}'. Valid values: ${names.join(', ')}. Using '${defaultValue}'.`);
+    return defaultValue;
+};
+/**
+ * Parses a number attribute value. Returns the parsed number when the value is a finite number.
+ * Returns `defaultValue` when the attribute is absent (`null`), or when the value is not a
+ * finite number — the latter also logs a warning.
+ *
+ * @param value - The attribute value to parse (`null` when the attribute is absent).
+ * @param defaultValue - The value to use when the attribute is absent or invalid.
+ * @param attribute - The attribute name, used in the warning message.
+ * @returns The parsed number.
+ */
+const parseNumber = (value, defaultValue, attribute) => {
+    if (value === null) {
+        return defaultValue;
+    }
+    const number = value.trim() === '' ? NaN : Number(value);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(number)) {
+        console.warn(`Invalid value '${value}' for attribute '${attribute}'. Expected a finite number. Using '${defaultValue}'.`);
+        return defaultValue;
+    }
+    return number;
+};
 /**
  * Parse an Euler-angles attribute value into a quaternion. The expected format is 3
  * space-separated angles in degrees (e.g. '0 90 0'). Returns `defaultValue` (cloned, when it is
@@ -353,6 +546,26 @@ const parseQuat = (value, defaultValue, attribute) => {
     }
     return new Quat().setFromEulerAngles(components[0], components[1], components[2]);
 };
+/**
+ * Parse a tags attribute value. The expected format is a comma-separated list of tag names
+ * (e.g. 'enemy, flying'). Surrounding whitespace is trimmed from each name and empty names are
+ * discarded, so a trailing comma or a doubled separator does not produce a blank tag. Returns a
+ * copy of `defaultValue` when the attribute is absent or removed (`null`).
+ *
+ * Every value is valid, so this never warns.
+ *
+ * @param value - The attribute value to parse (`null` when the attribute is absent).
+ * @param defaultValue - The value to use when the attribute is absent or removed.
+ * @returns The parsed tag names.
+ */
+const parseTags = (value, defaultValue = []) => {
+    if (value === null) {
+        // Copied for the same reason cloneDefault exists: a parsed result must never alias the
+        // caller's default, or a later mutation would write back through it.
+        return [...defaultValue];
+    }
+    return value.split(',').map(tag => tag.trim()).filter(tag => tag !== '');
+};
 /**
  * Parse a Vec2 attribute value. The expected format is 2 space-separated numbers (e.g. '1 2').
  * Returns `defaultValue` (cloned, when it is a vector) when the attribute is absent (`null`),
@@ -416,49 +629,6 @@ const parseVec4 = (value, defaultValue, attribute) => {
     }
     return new Vec4(components);
 };
-/**
- * Resolves an enum attribute value against its set of valid names. Returns the value when it is
- * one of the valid names. Returns `defaultValue` when the attribute is absent (`null`), or when
- * the value is invalid — the latter also logs a warning listing the valid names.
- *
- * @param value - The attribute value to parse (`null` when the attribute is absent).
- * @param valid - The valid names: an array, or a map whose keys are the valid names.
- * @param defaultValue - The value to use when the attribute is absent or invalid.
- * @param attribute - The attribute name, used in the warning message.
- * @returns The resolved enum name.
- */
-const parseEnum = (value, valid, defaultValue, attribute) => {
-    if (value === null) {
-        return defaultValue;
-    }
-    const names = Array.isArray(valid) ? valid : [...valid.keys()];
-    if (names.includes(value)) {
-        return value;
-    }
-    console.warn(`Invalid value '${value}' for attribute '${attribute}'. Valid values: ${names.join(', ')}. Using '${defaultValue}'.`);
-    return defaultValue;
-};
-/**
- * Parses a number attribute value. Returns the parsed number when the value is a finite number.
- * Returns `defaultValue` when the attribute is absent (`null`), or when the value is not a
- * finite number — the latter also logs a warning.
- *
- * @param value - The attribute value to parse (`null` when the attribute is absent).
- * @param defaultValue - The value to use when the attribute is absent or invalid.
- * @param attribute - The attribute name, used in the warning message.
- * @returns The parsed number.
- */
-const parseNumber = (value, defaultValue, attribute) => {
-    if (value === null) {
-        return defaultValue;
-    }
-    const number = value.trim() === '' ? NaN : Number(value);
-    if (!Number.isFinite(number)) {
-        console.warn(`Invalid value '${value}' for attribute '${attribute}'. Expected a finite number. Using '${defaultValue}'.`);
-        return defaultValue;
-    }
-    return number;
-};
 /**
  * Resolves a reference string to the {@link Entity} backing a `<pc-entity>` element. The reference
  * can be a CSS selector (e.g. `#my-id`, `pc-entity[name="Foo"]`), a bare element id, or a bare
@@ -468,7 +638,6 @@ const parseNumber = (value, defaultValue, attribute) => {
  * @returns The resolved entity, or `null`.
  */
 const getEntity = (ref) => {
-    var _a, _b;
     if (!ref) {
         return null;
     }
@@ -478,13 +647,13 @@ const getEntity = (ref) => {
     try {
         element = document.querySelector(ref);
     }
-    catch (_c) {
+    catch {
         element = null;
     }
     if (!element) {
-        element = (_a = document.getElementById(ref)) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : document.querySelector(`pc-entity[name="${ref}"]`);
+        element = document.getElementById(ref) ?? document.querySelector(`pc-entity[name="${ref}"]`);
     }
-    return (_b = element === null || element === void 0 ? void 0 : element.entity) !== null && _b !== void 0 ? _b : null;
+    return element?.entity ?? null;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -492,16 +661,63 @@ const getEntity = (ref) => {
  * {@link https://developer.playcanvas.com/user-manual/web-components/tags/pc-app/ | `<pc-app>`} elements.
  * The AppElement interface also inherits the properties and methods of the
  * {@link HTMLElement} interface.
+ *
+ * @fires {ProgressEvent} progress - Fired while the application preloads its assets. `loaded` and
+ * `total` are asset counts, not bytes, and an asset that fails to load still counts as loaded.
+ * Fired at least once per boot, and the final event always has `loaded` equal to `total`. Does
+ * not bubble.
  */
 class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
     /**
-     * The PlayCanvas application instance. Available once the element is ready — await
-     * {@link whenReady} or the element's `ready()` promise before accessing it.
-     * @returns The application instance.
+     * The canvas element.
+     */
+    _canvas = null;
+    _alpha = true;
+    _backend = 'webgpu';
+    _antialias = true;
+    _depth = true;
+    _stencil = true;
+    _highResolution = true;
+    _loadingBar = true;
+    _bar = null;
+    _hierarchyReady = false;
+    _picker = null;
+    _hasPointerListeners = {
+        pointerenter: false,
+        pointerleave: false,
+        pointerdown: false,
+        pointerup: false,
+        pointermove: false
+    };
+    _hoveredEntity = null;
+    // Identifies the newest in-flight hover pick, so out-of-order results can be discarded
+    _pickToken = 0;
+    _pointerHandlers = {
+        pointermove: null,
+        pointerdown: null,
+        pointerup: null
+    };
+    _app = null;
+    _loadProgress = 0;
+    /**
+     * The PlayCanvas application instance. `null` until the element is ready, and again once it
+     * has been removed from the document — await {@link whenReady} or the element's `ready()`
+     * promise before accessing it.
+     * @returns The application instance, or `null`.
      */
     get app() {
         return this._app;
     }
+    /**
+     * The asset preload progress of the application, as a fraction from 0 to 1. It is 0 until
+     * preloading begins (and again once the element has been removed from the document), and 1
+     * once preloading has finished — including when there was nothing to preload. Read this to
+     * initialize a loading UI; subsequent updates arrive via the `progress` event.
+     * @returns The preload progress.
+     */
+    get loadProgress() {
+        return this._loadProgress;
+    }
     /**
      * Creates a new AppElement instance.
      *
@@ -509,36 +725,15 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
      */
     constructor() {
         super();
-        /**
-         * The canvas element.
-         */
-        this._canvas = null;
-        this._alpha = true;
-        this._backend = 'webgl2';
-        this._antialias = true;
-        this._depth = true;
-        this._stencil = true;
-        this._highResolution = true;
-        this._hierarchyReady = false;
-        this._picker = null;
-        this._hasPointerListeners = {
-            pointerenter: false,
-            pointerleave: false,
-            pointerdown: false,
-            pointerup: false,
-            pointermove: false
-        };
-        this._hoveredEntity = null;
-        this._pointerHandlers = {
-            pointermove: null,
-            pointerdown: null,
-            pointerup: null
-        };
-        this._app = null;
         // Bind methods to maintain 'this' context
         this._onWindowResize = this._onWindowResize.bind(this);
     }
     async connectedCallback() {
+        // Created before the first await, so the bar is visible while modules and the graphics
+        // device are created, and exists before any disconnect could need to clean it up
+        if (this._loadingBar && !this._bar) {
+            this._bar = new LoadingBar(this);
+        }
         // Get all pc-module elements that are direct children of the pc-app element
         const moduleElements = this.querySelectorAll(':scope > pc-module');
         // Wait for all modules to load
@@ -626,10 +821,11 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         createOptions.lightmapper = Lightmapper;
         createOptions.batchManager = BatchManager;
         createOptions.xr = XrManager;
-        this._app = new AppBase(this._canvas);
-        this.app.init(createOptions);
-        this.app.setCanvasFillMode(FILLMODE_FILL_WINDOW);
-        this.app.setCanvasResolution(RESOLUTION_AUTO);
+        const app = new AppBase(this._canvas);
+        this._app = app;
+        app.init(createOptions);
+        app.setCanvasFillMode(FILLMODE_FILL_WINDOW);
+        app.setCanvasResolution(RESOLUTION_AUTO);
         this._pickerCreate();
         // Get all pc-asset elements that are direct children of the pc-app element
         const assetElements = this.querySelectorAll(':scope > pc-asset');
@@ -637,7 +833,7 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
             assetElement.createAsset();
             const asset = assetElement.asset;
             if (asset) {
-                this.app.assets.add(asset);
+                app.assets.add(asset);
             }
         });
         // Get all pc-material elements that are direct children of the pc-app element
@@ -648,17 +844,39 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         // Create all entities
         const entityElements = this.querySelectorAll('pc-entity');
         Array.from(entityElements).forEach((entityElement) => {
-            entityElement.createEntity(this.app);
+            entityElement.createEntity(app);
         });
         // Build hierarchy
         entityElements.forEach((entityElement) => {
-            entityElement.buildHierarchy(this.app);
+            entityElement.buildHierarchy(app);
         });
         this._hierarchyReady = true;
+        // Forward the engine's preload lifecycle as DOM ProgressEvents on this element. The
+        // listener must be attached before preload() is called: an asset that is already loaded
+        // ticks synchronously inside it.
+        const total = app.assets.list({ preload: true }).length;
+        let loaded = 0;
+        const onPreloadProgress = () => {
+            loaded += 1;
+            this._loadProgress = loaded / total;
+            this._bar?.progress(loaded, total);
+            this.dispatchEvent(new ProgressEvent('progress', { lengthComputable: true, loaded, total }));
+        };
+        app.on('preload:progress', onPreloadProgress);
+        this._loadProgress = total === 0 ? 1 : 0;
+        this._bar?.progress(0, total);
+        this.dispatchEvent(new ProgressEvent('progress', { lengthComputable: true, loaded: 0, total }));
         // Load assets before starting the application
-        this.app.preload(() => {
+        app.preload(() => {
+            // Scope the counter to this preload pass, so a later app.preload() call by user code
+            // cannot push `loaded` past `total`
+            app.off('preload:progress', onPreloadProgress);
+            this._loadProgress = 1;
             // Start the application
-            this.app.start();
+            app.start();
+            // Dismiss the bar only once a frame has actually rendered; ready fires before the
+            // first rAF tick
+            app.once('frameend', () => this._bar?.complete());
             // Handle window resize to keep the canvas responsive
             window.addEventListener('resize', this._onWindowResize);
             this._onReady();
@@ -667,10 +885,13 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
     disconnectedCallback() {
         this._pickerDestroy();
         // Clean up the application
-        if (this.app) {
-            this.app.destroy();
+        if (this._app) {
+            this._app.destroy();
             this._app = null;
         }
+        this._loadProgress = 0;
+        this._bar?.destroy();
+        this._bar = null;
         // Remove event listeners
         window.removeEventListener('resize', this._onWindowResize);
         // Remove the canvas
@@ -687,10 +908,17 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
     _pickerCreate() {
         const { width, height } = this.app.graphicsDevice;
         this._picker = new Picker(this.app, width, height);
-        // Create bound handlers but don't attach them yet
-        this._pointerHandlers.pointermove = this._onPointerMove.bind(this);
-        this._pointerHandlers.pointerdown = this._onPointerDown.bind(this);
-        this._pointerHandlers.pointerup = this._onPointerUp.bind(this);
+        // Create bound handlers but don't attach them yet. The handlers pick asynchronously, so
+        // each is wrapped to discard the promise - a listener must not return one, and nothing
+        // awaits the result.
+        const listener = (handler) => {
+            return (event) => {
+                handler.call(this, event);
+            };
+        };
+        this._pointerHandlers.pointermove = listener(this._onPointerMove);
+        this._pointerHandlers.pointerdown = listener(this._onPointerDown);
+        this._pointerHandlers.pointerup = listener(this._onPointerUp);
         // Listen for pointer listeners being added/removed
         ['pointermove', 'pointerdown', 'pointerup', 'pointerenter', 'pointerleave'].forEach((type) => {
             this.addEventListener(`${type}:connect`, () => this._onPointerListenerAdded(type));
@@ -738,29 +966,49 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         const y = (event.clientY - canvasRect.top) * scaleY;
         return { x, y };
     }
-    _onPointerMove(event) {
-        if (!this._picker || !this.app)
-            return;
+    /**
+     * Picks the scene under the pointer and returns the graph node that was hit, or `null`.
+     *
+     * The read back is asynchronous because the synchronous {@link Picker.getSelection} is not
+     * supported on WebGPU, where it returns an empty selection rather than failing - which
+     * silently disabled every `onpointer*` handler once WebGPU became the resolved backend. The
+     * async variant works on both backends and does not block the main thread on a GPU read.
+     *
+     * @param event - The pointer event to pick under.
+     * @returns The graph node under the pointer, or `null` if nothing was hit.
+     */
+    async _pickNode(event) {
         const camera = this.app.root.findComponent('camera');
         if (!camera)
-            return;
-        // Use the helper to convert event coordinates into canvas/picker coordinates.
+            return null;
         const { x, y } = this._getPickerCoordinates(event);
         this._picker.prepare(camera, this.app.scene);
-        const selection = this._picker.getSelection(x, y);
+        const selection = await this._picker.getSelectionAsync(x, y);
+        if (selection.length === 0)
+            return null;
+        const item = selection[0];
+        return item instanceof MeshInstance ? item.node : item.entity;
+    }
+    async _onPointerMove(event) {
+        if (!this._picker || !this.app)
+            return;
+        // Moves arrive faster than a pick resolves, so results can land out of order. Only the
+        // newest pick may update the hover state - an older one describes a pointer position the
+        // user has already left.
+        const token = ++this._pickToken;
+        const node = await this._pickNode(event);
+        if (token !== this._pickToken || !this._picker)
+            return;
         // Get the currently hovered entity by walking up the hierarchy
         let newHoverEntity = null;
-        if (selection.length > 0) {
-            const item = selection[0];
-            let currentNode = item instanceof MeshInstance ? item.node : item.entity;
-            while (currentNode !== null) {
-                const entityElement = this.querySelector(`pc-entity[name="${currentNode.name}"]`);
-                if (entityElement) {
-                    newHoverEntity = entityElement;
-                    break;
-                }
-                currentNode = currentNode.parent;
+        let currentNode = node;
+        while (currentNode !== null) {
+            const entityElement = this.querySelector(`pc-entity[name="${currentNode.name}"]`);
+            if (entityElement) {
+                newHoverEntity = entityElement;
+                break;
             }
+            currentNode = currentNode.parent;
         }
         // Handle enter/leave events
         if (this._hoveredEntity !== newHoverEntity) {
@@ -778,46 +1026,30 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
             newHoverEntity.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent('pointermove', event));
         }
     }
-    _onPointerDown(event) {
+    async _onPointerDown(event) {
         if (!this._picker || !this.app)
             return;
-        const camera = this.app.root.findComponent('camera');
-        if (!camera)
-            return;
-        // Convert the event's pointer coordinates
-        const { x, y } = this._getPickerCoordinates(event);
-        this._picker.prepare(camera, this.app.scene);
-        const selection = this._picker.getSelection(x, y);
-        if (selection.length > 0) {
-            const item = selection[0];
-            let currentNode = item instanceof MeshInstance ? item.node : item.entity;
-            while (currentNode !== null) {
-                const entityElement = this.querySelector(`pc-entity[name="${currentNode.name}"]`);
-                if (entityElement && entityElement.hasListeners('pointerdown')) {
-                    entityElement.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent('pointerdown', event));
-                    break;
-                }
-                currentNode = currentNode.parent;
+        let currentNode = await this._pickNode(event);
+        if (!this._picker)
+            return; // the element disconnected while the pick was in flight
+        while (currentNode !== null) {
+            const entityElement = this.querySelector(`pc-entity[name="${currentNode.name}"]`);
+            if (entityElement && entityElement.hasListeners('pointerdown')) {
+                entityElement.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent('pointerdown', event));
+                break;
             }
+            currentNode = currentNode.parent;
         }
     }
-    _onPointerUp(event) {
+    async _onPointerUp(event) {
         if (!this._picker || !this.app)
             return;
-        const camera = this.app.root.findComponent('camera');
-        if (!camera)
+        const node = await this._pickNode(event);
+        if (!node || !this._picker)
             return;
-        // Convert CSS coordinates to picker coordinates
-        const { x, y } = this._getPickerCoordinates(event);
-        this._picker.prepare(camera, this.app.scene);
-        const selection = this._picker.getSelection(x, y);
-        if (selection.length > 0) {
-            const item = selection[0];
-            const node = item instanceof MeshInstance ? item.node : item.entity;
-            const entityElement = this.querySelector(`pc-entity[name="${node.name}"]`);
-            if (entityElement && entityElement.hasListeners('pointerup')) {
-                entityElement.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent('pointerup', event));
-            }
+        const entityElement = this.querySelector(`pc-entity[name="${node.name}"]`);
+        if (entityElement && entityElement.hasListeners('pointerup')) {
+            entityElement.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent('pointerup', event));
         }
     }
     _onPointerListenerAdded(type) {
@@ -874,7 +1106,8 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         return this._antialias;
     }
     /**
-     * Sets the graphics backend.
+     * Sets the graphics backend. Defaults to 'webgpu', which falls back to 'webgl2' if WebGPU
+     * is not supported by the browser.
      * @param value - The graphics backend ('webgpu', 'webgl2', or 'null').
      */
     set backend(value) {
@@ -927,6 +1160,29 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
     get highResolution() {
         return this._highResolution;
     }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the application shows its built-in loading bar while it boots and preloads its
+     * assets. Enabled by default; setting `false` removes the bar immediately, while setting
+     * `true` has no effect until the element is next connected. The bar can be themed with the
+     * CSS custom properties `--pc-loading-bar-color`, `--pc-loading-bar-background` and
+     * `--pc-loading-bar-height`.
+     * @param value - The loading bar flag.
+     */
+    set loadingBar(value) {
+        this._loadingBar = value;
+        if (!value && this._bar) {
+            this._bar.destroy();
+            this._bar = null;
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets whether the application shows its built-in loading bar while it boots and preloads
+     * its assets.
+     * @returns The loading bar flag.
+     */
+    get loadingBar() {
+        return this._loadingBar;
+    }
     /**
      * Sets the stencil flag.
      * @param value - The stencil flag.
@@ -942,7 +1198,7 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         return this._stencil;
     }
     static get observedAttributes() {
-        return ['alpha', 'antialias', 'backend', 'depth', 'stencil', 'high-resolution'];
+        return ['alpha', 'antialias', 'backend', 'depth', 'stencil', 'high-resolution', 'loading-bar'];
     }
     attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue) {
         switch (name) {
@@ -953,7 +1209,7 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
                 this.antialias = parseBool(newValue, true);
                 break;
             case 'backend':
-                this.backend = parseEnum(newValue, ['webgpu', 'webgl2', 'null'], 'webgl2', name);
+                this.backend = parseEnum(newValue, ['webgpu', 'webgl2', 'null'], 'webgpu', name);
                 break;
             case 'depth':
                 this.depth = parseBool(newValue, true);
@@ -961,6 +1217,9 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
             case 'high-resolution':
                 this.highResolution = parseBool(newValue, true);
                 break;
+            case 'loading-bar':
+                this.loadingBar = parseBool(newValue, true);
+                break;
             case 'stencil':
                 this.stencil = parseBool(newValue, true);
                 break;
@@ -974,52 +1233,68 @@ customElements.define('pc-app', AppElement);
  * {@link https://developer.playcanvas.com/user-manual/web-components/tags/pc-entity/ | `<pc-entity>`} elements.
  * The EntityElement interface also inherits the properties and methods of the
  * {@link HTMLElement} interface.
+ *
+ * The pointer events below are dispatched by the containing `<pc-app>` element when the pointer
+ * intersects this entity's geometry. They are only generated while the entity has a listener for
+ * them, registered either with {@link addEventListener} or with the matching inline `onpointer*`
+ * attribute.
+ *
+ * @attribute {string} onpointerenter - Script to run when the pointer moves onto the entity.
+ * @attribute {string} onpointerleave - Script to run when the pointer moves off the entity.
+ * @attribute {string} onpointermove - Script to run when the pointer moves over the entity.
+ * @attribute {string} onpointerdown - Script to run when a pointer button is pressed over the
+ * entity.
+ * @attribute {string} onpointerup - Script to run when a pointer button is released over the
+ * entity.
+ * @fires {PointerEvent} pointerenter - Fired when the pointer moves onto the entity.
+ * @fires {PointerEvent} pointerleave - Fired when the pointer moves off the entity.
+ * @fires {PointerEvent} pointermove - Fired when the pointer moves over the entity.
+ * @fires {PointerEvent} pointerdown - Fired when a pointer button is pressed over the entity.
+ * @fires {PointerEvent} pointerup - Fired when a pointer button is released over the entity.
  */
 class EntityElement extends AsyncElement {
-    constructor() {
-        super(...arguments);
-        /**
-         * Whether the entity is enabled.
-         */
-        this._enabled = true;
-        /**
-         * The name of the entity.
-         */
-        this._name = 'Untitled';
-        /**
-         * The position of the entity.
-         */
-        this._position = new Vec3();
-        /**
-         * The rotation of the entity.
-         */
-        this._rotation = new Vec3();
-        /**
-         * The scale of the entity.
-         */
-        this._scale = new Vec3(1, 1, 1);
-        /**
-         * The tags of the entity.
-         */
-        this._tags = [];
-        /**
-         * The pointer event listeners for the entity.
-         */
-        this._listeners = {};
-        /**
-         * The event types for which an inline `onpointer*` attribute is currently present.
-         */
-        this._inlineHandlerTypes = new Set();
-        /**
-         * Whether the hierarchy has been built for this entity.
-         */
-        this._built = false;
-        this._entity = null;
-    }
     /**
-     * The PlayCanvas entity instance. Available once the element is ready — await
-     * {@link whenReady} or the element's `ready()` promise before accessing it.
-     * @returns The entity instance.
+     * Whether the entity is enabled.
+     */
+    _enabled = true;
+    /**
+     * The name of the entity.
+     */
+    _name = 'Untitled';
+    /**
+     * The position of the entity.
+     */
+    _position = new Vec3();
+    /**
+     * The rotation of the entity.
+     */
+    _rotation = new Vec3();
+    /**
+     * The scale of the entity.
+     */
+    _scale = new Vec3(1, 1, 1);
+    /**
+     * The tags of the entity.
+     */
+    _tags = [];
+    /**
+     * The pointer event listeners for the entity.
+     */
+    _listeners = {};
+    /**
+     * The event types for which an inline `onpointer*` attribute is currently present.
+     */
+    _inlineHandlerTypes = new Set();
+    /**
+     * Whether the hierarchy has been built for this entity.
+     */
+    _built = false;
+    _entity = null;
+    /**
+     * The PlayCanvas entity instance. `null` until the element is ready, and again once it has
+     * been removed from the document — await {@link whenReady} or the element's `ready()`
+     * promise before accessing it.
+     * @returns The entity instance, or `null`.
      */
     get entity() {
         return this._entity;
@@ -1031,16 +1306,18 @@ class EntityElement extends AsyncElement {
         if (this._entity) {
             return;
         }
-        // Create a new entity
-        const entity = new Entity(this.getAttribute('name') || this._name, app);
+        // Seed from the cached fields rather than re-reading the attributes. Every observed
+        // attribute is routed through its property setter by attributeChangedCallback, so the field
+        // already holds the parsed attribute value - and it also holds anything assigned through the
+        // property API before the app booted, which reading the attribute back would discard.
+        const entity = new Entity(this._name, app);
         this._entity = entity;
-        entity.enabled = parseBool(this.getAttribute('enabled'), true);
-        entity.setLocalPosition(parseVec3(this.getAttribute('position'), Vec3.ZERO, 'position'));
-        entity.setLocalEulerAngles(parseVec3(this.getAttribute('rotation'), Vec3.ZERO, 'rotation'));
-        entity.setLocalScale(parseVec3(this.getAttribute('scale'), Vec3.ONE, 'scale'));
-        const tags = this.getAttribute('tags');
-        if (tags) {
-            entity.tags.add(tags.split(',').map(tag => tag.trim()));
+        entity.enabled = this._enabled;
+        entity.setLocalPosition(this._position);
+        entity.setLocalEulerAngles(this._rotation);
+        entity.setLocalScale(this._scale);
+        if (this._tags.length > 0) {
+            entity.tags.add(this._tags);
         }
     }
     buildHierarchy(app) {
@@ -1048,7 +1325,7 @@ class EntityElement extends AsyncElement {
             return;
         this._built = true;
         const closestEntity = this.closestEntity;
-        if (closestEntity === null || closestEntity === void 0 ? void 0 : closestEntity.entity) {
+        if (closestEntity?.entity) {
             closestEntity.entity.addChild(this.entity);
         }
         else {
@@ -1059,8 +1336,15 @@ class EntityElement extends AsyncElement {
     connectedCallback() {
         // Wait for app to be ready
         const closestApp = this.closestApp;
-        if (!closestApp)
+        if (!closestApp) {
+            // An entity outside an application is inert and never becomes ready, so awaiting it
+            // hangs. Warn rather than fail silently, naming the parent it requires, as every other
+            // misplaced element does.
+            const name = this.getAttribute('name');
+            const label = name ? ` '${name}'` : '';
+            console.warn(`pc-entity${label} must be a descendant of pc-app - entity not created`);
             return;
+        }
         // If app is already running, create entity immediately
         if (closestApp.hierarchyReady) {
             const app = closestApp.app;
@@ -1078,10 +1362,15 @@ class EntityElement extends AsyncElement {
     }
     disconnectedCallback() {
         if (this.entity) {
-            // Notify all children that their entities are about to become invalid
+            // Notify all children that their entities are about to become invalid. Both fields have
+            // to be reset here, not just _entity: a descendant's own disconnectedCallback runs after
+            // this one and skips its reset behind the `if (this.entity)` guard, because we have
+            // already nulled the entity it tests. Leaving _built set would make buildHierarchy bail
+            // on re-insertion, so the descendant would get a fresh entity that is never parented.
             const children = this.querySelectorAll('pc-entity');
             children.forEach((child) => {
                 child._entity = null;
+                child._built = false;
             });
             // Destroy the entity
             this.entity.destroy();
@@ -1237,7 +1526,7 @@ class EntityElement extends AsyncElement {
                 this.enabled = parseBool(newValue, true);
                 break;
             case 'name':
-                this.name = newValue;
+                this.name = newValue ?? 'Untitled';
                 break;
             case 'position':
                 this.position = parseVec3(newValue, Vec3.ZERO, name);
@@ -1249,7 +1538,7 @@ class EntityElement extends AsyncElement {
                 this.scale = parseVec3(newValue, Vec3.ONE, name);
                 break;
             case 'tags':
-                this.tags = newValue.split(',').map(tag => tag.trim());
+                this.tags = parseTags(newValue);
                 break;
             case 'onpointerenter':
             case 'onpointerleave':
@@ -1280,8 +1569,7 @@ class EntityElement extends AsyncElement {
         }
     }
     hasListeners(type) {
-        var _a;
-        return Boolean((_a = this._listeners[type]) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.length) || this._inlineHandlerTypes.has(type);
+        return Boolean(this._listeners[type]?.length) || this._inlineHandlerTypes.has(type);
     }
 }
 customElements.define('pc-entity', EntityElement);
@@ -1473,11 +1761,13 @@ const extToType = new Map([
     ['frag', 'shader'],
     ['glb', 'container'],
     ['glsl', 'shader'],
+    ['gltf', 'container'],
     ['hdr', 'texture'],
     ['html', 'html'],
     ['jpg', 'texture'],
     ['js', 'script'],
     ['json', 'json'],
+    ['ktx2', 'texture'],
     ['mp3', 'audio'],
     ['mjs', 'script'],
     ['ply', 'gsplat'],
@@ -1520,25 +1810,43 @@ const processBufferView = (gltfBuffer, buffers, continuation) => {
  * while the application is running are created and registered on insertion, and begin loading
  * immediately unless `lazy`. A `pc-asset` must be a direct child of `pc-app` — elements placed
  * elsewhere, or with an unsupported asset type, never become ready.
+ *
+ * Apart from `lazy`, these attributes are read once when the asset is created, so changing them
+ * later has no effect.
+ *
+ * @attribute {string} id - The identifier used to reference the asset from other elements.
+ * @attribute {string} src - The URL of the asset to load.
+ * @attribute {string} type - The asset type. Inferred from the `src` file extension when omitted.
+ * @attribute {string} data - Additional asset data, as a JSON object.
+ * @attribute {string} atlas - For a `sprite` asset, the `id` of the texture atlas asset it uses.
+ * The atlas must be declared before the sprite.
+ * @attribute {string} frame-keys - For a `sprite` asset, the atlas frame keys it uses, separated
+ * by spaces or commas.
+ * @attribute {number} pixels-per-unit - For a `sprite` asset, the number of pixels per world unit.
+ * @attribute {'simple' | 'sliced' | 'tiled'} render-mode - For a `sprite` asset, how the sprite is
+ * rendered when resized.
+ *
+ * @fires {Event} load - Fired each time the asset finishes loading, including a `lazy` asset
+ * loaded later and any subsequent reloads. Does not bubble — listen on this element, or use a
+ * capture-phase listener on an ancestor to observe every asset.
+ * @fires {ErrorEvent} error - Fired when the asset fails to load, with the engine's error in
+ * `message`. Does not bubble. The element still becomes ready — readiness means the load settled,
+ * not that it succeeded.
  */
 class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
-    constructor() {
-        super(...arguments);
-        this._lazy = false;
-        /**
-         * The asset that is loaded. Available once the element is ready — await
-         * {@link whenReady} or the element's `ready()` promise before accessing it.
-         */
-        this.asset = null;
-    }
+    _lazy = false;
+    /**
+     * The asset that is loaded. Available once the element is ready — await
+     * {@link whenReady} or the element's `ready()` promise before accessing it.
+     */
+    asset = null;
     async connectedCallback() {
-        var _a;
         const appElement = this.closestApp;
         if (!appElement)
             return;
         // Assets must be direct children of pc-app (matches the boot query ':scope > pc-asset')
         if (this.parentElement !== appElement) {
-            console.warn(`pc-asset '${(_a = this.getAttribute('id')) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : this.getAttribute('src')}' must be a direct child of pc-app - asset not created`);
+            console.warn(`pc-asset '${this.getAttribute('id') ?? this.getAttribute('src')}' must be a direct child of pc-app - asset not created`);
             return;
         }
         await appElement.ready();
@@ -1567,15 +1875,22 @@ class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
     disconnectedCallback() {
         this.destroyAsset();
     }
+    _onAssetLoad() {
+        this.dispatchEvent(new Event('load'));
+    }
+    _onAssetError(err) {
+        this.dispatchEvent(new ErrorEvent('error', {
+            message: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
+        }));
+    }
     createAsset() {
-        var _a;
         const id = this.getAttribute('id') || '';
         const src = this.getAttribute('src') || '';
         let type = this.getAttribute('type');
         // If no type is specified, try to infer it from the file extension.
         if (!type) {
             const ext = src.split('.').pop();
-            type = (_a = extToType.get(ext || '')) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : null;
+            type = extToType.get(ext || '') ?? null;
         }
         if (!type) {
             console.warn(`Unsupported asset type: ${src}`);
@@ -1602,6 +1917,10 @@ class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
             this.asset = new Asset(id, type, src ? { url: src } : null, data);
         }
         this.asset.preload = !this._lazy;
+        // Forward the engine asset's load outcome as DOM events on this element, like <img>.
+        // Attached before the asset joins the registry, which is what starts a preloaded load.
+        this.asset.on('load', this._onAssetLoad, this);
+        this.asset.on('error', this._onAssetError, this);
     }
     /**
      * Builds the `data` object for the asset from an optional inline `data` attribute (JSON) and,
@@ -1611,7 +1930,6 @@ class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
      * @returns The asset data, or `undefined`.
      */
     _buildData(type) {
-        var _a, _b, _c, _d;
         let data;
         const dataAttr = this.getAttribute('data');
         if (dataAttr) {
@@ -1623,10 +1941,10 @@ class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
             }
         }
         if (type === 'sprite') {
-            data = data !== null && data !== void 0 ? data : {};
+            data = data ?? {};
             // Resolve the referenced texture atlas to its (numeric) asset id. The atlas must be
             // declared before the sprite so its asset already exists in the registry.
-            const atlas = (_a = this.getAttribute('atlas')) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : data.textureAtlasAsset;
+            const atlas = this.getAttribute('atlas') ?? data.textureAtlasAsset;
             if (typeof atlas === 'string') {
                 const atlasAsset = AssetElement.get(atlas);
                 if (atlasAsset) {
@@ -1649,17 +1967,19 @@ class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
                 data.renderMode = renderModes.get(parseEnum(renderMode, renderModes, 'simple', 'render-mode'));
             }
             // Apply engine defaults for any values not supplied.
-            data.renderMode = (_b = data.renderMode) !== null && _b !== void 0 ? _b : SPRITE_RENDERMODE_SIMPLE;
-            data.pixelsPerUnit = (_c = data.pixelsPerUnit) !== null && _c !== void 0 ? _c : 1;
-            data.frameKeys = (_d = data.frameKeys) !== null && _d !== void 0 ? _d : [];
+            data.renderMode = data.renderMode ?? SPRITE_RENDERMODE_SIMPLE;
+            data.pixelsPerUnit = data.pixelsPerUnit ?? 1;
+            data.frameKeys = data.frameKeys ?? [];
         }
         return data;
     }
     destroyAsset() {
-        var _a;
         if (this.asset) {
+            // A caller that keeps the Asset alive must not dispatch on a removed element
+            this.asset.off('load', this._onAssetLoad, this);
+            this.asset.off('error', this._onAssetError, this);
             // Deregister first so unload() can still notify the registry
-            (_a = this.asset.registry) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.remove(this.asset);
+            this.asset.registry?.remove(this.asset);
             this.asset.unload();
             this.asset = null;
         }
@@ -1683,7 +2003,7 @@ class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
     }
     static get(id) {
         const assetElement = document.querySelector(`pc-asset[id="${id}"]`);
-        return assetElement === null || assetElement === void 0 ? void 0 : assetElement.asset;
+        return assetElement?.asset;
     }
     static get observedAttributes() {
         return ['lazy'];
@@ -1702,6 +2022,10 @@ customElements.define('pc-asset', AssetElement);
  * @category Components
  */
 class ComponentElement extends AsyncElement {
+    _componentName;
+    _enabled = true;
+    _component = null;
+    _appElement = null;
     /**
      * Creates a new ComponentElement instance.
      *
@@ -1710,9 +2034,6 @@ class ComponentElement extends AsyncElement {
      */
     constructor(componentName) {
         super();
-        this._enabled = true;
-        this._component = null;
-        this._appElement = null;
         this._componentName = componentName;
     }
     // Method to be overridden by subclasses to provide initial component data
@@ -1735,28 +2056,27 @@ class ComponentElement extends AsyncElement {
     }
     initComponent() { }
     async connectedCallback() {
-        var _a, _b;
-        this._appElement = (_a = this.closestApp) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : null;
-        await ((_b = this._appElement) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.ready());
+        this._appElement = this.closestApp ?? null;
+        await this._appElement?.ready();
         await this.addComponent();
         this.initComponent();
         this._onReady();
     }
     disconnectedCallback() {
-        var _a, _b;
         // Remove the component when the element is disconnected. Skip this when the owning
         // application has already been destroyed — removing a <pc-app> disconnects it before
         // its children, taking the component systems with it.
-        if (((_a = this._appElement) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.app) && ((_b = this._component) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.entity)) {
+        if (this._appElement?.app && this._component?.entity) {
             this._component.entity.removeComponent(this._componentName);
         }
         this._component = null;
         this._appElement = null;
     }
     /**
-     * The PlayCanvas component instance. Available once the element is ready — await
-     * {@link whenReady} or the element's `ready()` promise before accessing it.
-     * @returns The component instance.
+     * The PlayCanvas component instance. `null` until the element is ready, and also for an
+     * element that is not a descendant of a `<pc-entity>` — await {@link whenReady} or the
+     * element's `ready()` promise before accessing it.
+     * @returns The component instance, or `null`.
      */
     get component() {
         return this._component;
@@ -1826,26 +2146,25 @@ const transitionModes = new Map([
  * @category Components
  */
 class ButtonComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    _active = true;
+    _image = '';
+    _hitPadding = new Vec4(0, 0, 0, 0);
+    _transitionMode = 'tint';
+    _hoverTint = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
+    _pressedTint = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
+    _inactiveTint = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
+    _fadeDuration = 0;
+    _hoverSpriteAsset = '';
+    _hoverSpriteFrame = 0;
+    _pressedSpriteAsset = '';
+    _pressedSpriteFrame = 0;
+    _inactiveSpriteAsset = '';
+    _inactiveSpriteFrame = 0;
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('button');
-        this._active = true;
-        this._image = '';
-        this._hitPadding = new Vec4(0, 0, 0, 0);
-        this._transitionMode = 'tint';
-        this._hoverTint = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
-        this._pressedTint = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
-        this._inactiveTint = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
-        this._fadeDuration = 0;
-        this._hoverSpriteAsset = '';
-        this._hoverSpriteFrame = 0;
-        this._pressedSpriteAsset = '';
-        this._pressedSpriteFrame = 0;
-        this._inactiveSpriteAsset = '';
-        this._inactiveSpriteFrame = 0;
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
-        var _a;
         const data = {
             active: this._active,
             hitPadding: this._hitPadding,
@@ -1860,7 +2179,7 @@ class ButtonComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
         };
         // The image entity defaults to the button's own entity (which carries the image element)
         // when no explicit reference is provided.
-        const imageEntity = this._image ? getEntity(this._image) : (_a = this.closestEntity) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.entity;
+        const imageEntity = this._image ? getEntity(this._image) : this.closestEntity?.entity;
         if (imageEntity) {
             data.imageEntity = imageEntity;
         }
@@ -1944,10 +2263,9 @@ class ButtonComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      * @param value - The transition mode.
      */
     set transitionMode(value) {
-        var _a;
         this._transitionMode = value;
         if (this.component) {
-            this.component.transitionMode = (_a = transitionModes.get(value)) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : BUTTON_TRANSITION_MODE_TINT;
+            this.component.transitionMode = transitionModes.get(value) ?? BUTTON_TRANSITION_MODE_TINT;
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -2162,7 +2480,7 @@ class ButtonComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
                 this.active = parseBool(newValue, true);
                 break;
             case 'image':
-                this.image = newValue;
+                this.image = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'hit-padding':
                 this.hitPadding = parseVec4(newValue, Vec4.ZERO, name);
@@ -2183,19 +2501,19 @@ class ButtonComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
                 this.fadeDuration = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
                 break;
             case 'hover-sprite-asset':
-                this.hoverSpriteAsset = newValue;
+                this.hoverSpriteAsset = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'hover-sprite-frame':
                 this.hoverSpriteFrame = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
                 break;
             case 'pressed-sprite-asset':
-                this.pressedSpriteAsset = newValue;
+                this.pressedSpriteAsset = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'pressed-sprite-frame':
                 this.pressedSpriteFrame = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
                 break;
             case 'inactive-sprite-asset':
-                this.inactiveSpriteAsset = newValue;
+                this.inactiveSpriteAsset = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'inactive-sprite-frame':
                 this.inactiveSpriteFrame = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
@@ -2223,27 +2541,27 @@ const tonemaps = new Map([
  * @category Components
  */
 class CameraComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    _clearColor = new Color(0.75, 0.75, 0.75, 1);
+    _clearColorBuffer = true;
+    _clearDepthBuffer = true;
+    _clearStencilBuffer = false;
+    _cullFaces = true;
+    _farClip = 1000;
+    _flipFaces = false;
+    _fov = 45;
+    _frustumCulling = true;
+    _gamma = 'srgb';
+    _horizontalFov = false;
+    _nearClip = 0.1;
+    _orthographic = false;
+    _orthoHeight = 10;
+    _priority = 0;
+    _rect = new Vec4(0, 0, 1, 1);
+    _scissorRect = new Vec4(0, 0, 1, 1);
+    _tonemap = 'none';
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('camera');
-        this._clearColor = new Color(0.75, 0.75, 0.75, 1);
-        this._clearColorBuffer = true;
-        this._clearDepthBuffer = true;
-        this._clearStencilBuffer = false;
-        this._cullFaces = true;
-        this._farClip = 1000;
-        this._flipFaces = false;
-        this._fov = 45;
-        this._frustumCulling = true;
-        this._gamma = 'srgb';
-        this._horizontalFov = false;
-        this._nearClip = 0.1;
-        this._orthographic = false;
-        this._orthoHeight = 10;
-        this._priority = 0;
-        this._rect = new Vec4(0, 0, 1, 1);
-        this._scissorRect = new Vec4(0, 0, 1, 1);
-        this._tonemap = 'none';
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
         return {
@@ -2268,8 +2586,7 @@ class CameraComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
         };
     }
     get xrAvailable() {
-        var _a;
-        const xrManager = (_a = this.component) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.system.app.xr;
+        const xrManager = this.component?.system.app.xr;
         return xrManager && xrManager.supported && xrManager.isAvailable(XRTYPE_VR);
     }
     /**
@@ -2597,10 +2914,9 @@ class CameraComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      * @param value - The tone mapping.
      */
     set tonemap(value) {
-        var _a;
         this._tonemap = value;
         if (this.component) {
-            this.component.toneMapping = (_a = tonemaps.get(value)) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : TONEMAP_NONE;
+            this.component.toneMapping = tonemaps.get(value) ?? TONEMAP_NONE;
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -2704,17 +3020,17 @@ customElements.define('pc-camera', CameraComponentElement);
  * @category Components
  */
 class CollisionComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    _angularOffset = new Quat();
+    _axis = 1;
+    _convexHull = false;
+    _halfExtents = new Vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
+    _height = 2;
+    _linearOffset = new Vec3();
+    _radius = 0.5;
+    _type = 'box';
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('collision');
-        this._angularOffset = new Quat();
-        this._axis = 1;
-        this._convexHull = false;
-        this._halfExtents = new Vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
-        this._height = 2;
-        this._linearOffset = new Vec3();
-        this._radius = 0.5;
-        this._type = 'box';
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
         return {
@@ -2851,52 +3167,51 @@ customElements.define('pc-collision', CollisionComponentElement);
  * @category Components
  */
 class ElementComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    _anchor = new Vec4(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
+    _autoWidth = true;
+    _autoHeight = true;
+    _autoFitWidth = false;
+    _autoFitHeight = false;
+    _color = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
+    _enableMarkup = false;
+    _fontAsset = '';
+    _fontSize = 32;
+    _maxFontSize = 32;
+    _minFontSize = 8;
+    _height = 0;
+    _lineHeight = 32;
+    _margin = null;
+    _mask = false;
+    _opacity = 1;
+    _pivot = new Vec2(0.5, 0.5);
+    _pixelsPerUnit = null;
+    _spriteAsset = '';
+    _spriteFrame = 0;
+    _text = '';
+    _textureAsset = '';
+    _type = 'group';
+    _useInput = false;
+    _width = 0;
+    _wrapLines = false;
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('element');
-        this._anchor = new Vec4(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
-        this._autoWidth = true;
-        this._autoHeight = true;
-        this._autoFitWidth = false;
-        this._autoFitHeight = false;
-        this._color = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
-        this._enableMarkup = false;
-        this._fontAsset = '';
-        this._fontSize = 32;
-        this._maxFontSize = 32;
-        this._minFontSize = 8;
-        this._height = 0;
-        this._lineHeight = 32;
-        this._margin = null;
-        this._mask = false;
-        this._opacity = 1;
-        this._pivot = new Vec2(0.5, 0.5);
-        this._pixelsPerUnit = null;
-        this._spriteAsset = '';
-        this._spriteFrame = 0;
-        this._text = '';
-        this._textureAsset = '';
-        this._type = 'group';
-        this._useInput = false;
-        this._width = 0;
-        this._wrapLines = false;
     }
     initComponent() {
-        var _a, _b;
         const component = this.component;
         if (!component) {
             return;
         }
         // Text elements render through their own material; enable fog on it so 3D text respects
         // scene fog. Image/group elements have no text material, so guard the access.
-        if ((_a = component._text) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a._material) {
+        if (component._text?._material) {
             component._text._material.useFog = true;
         }
         // The engine establishes element masking in ElementComponent._onInsert, which fires when an
         // entity is inserted into the hierarchy. Web-components inserts the entity first and adds
         // the element component afterwards, so that pass is missed. Re-dirty the mask state here so
         // masks (e.g. a scroll view viewport) correctly clip this element and any added at runtime.
-        (_b = component._dirtifyMask) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.call(component);
+        component._dirtifyMask?.();
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
         const data = {
@@ -3459,7 +3774,7 @@ class ElementComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
                 this.enableMarkup = parseBool(newValue, false);
                 break;
             case 'font-asset':
-                this.fontAsset = newValue;
+                this.fontAsset = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'font-size':
                 this.fontSize = parseNumber(newValue, 32, name);
@@ -3492,16 +3807,16 @@ class ElementComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
                 this.pixelsPerUnit = parseNumber(newValue, null, name);
                 break;
             case 'sprite-asset':
-                this.spriteAsset = newValue;
+                this.spriteAsset = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'sprite-frame':
                 this.spriteFrame = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
                 break;
             case 'text':
-                this.text = newValue;
+                this.text = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'texture-asset':
-                this.textureAsset = newValue;
+                this.textureAsset = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'type':
                 this.type = parseEnum(newValue, ['group', 'image', 'text'], 'group', name);
@@ -3529,16 +3844,16 @@ customElements.define('pc-element', ElementComponentElement);
  * @category Components
  */
 class LayoutChildComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    _minWidth = 0;
+    _minHeight = 0;
+    _maxWidth = null;
+    _maxHeight = null;
+    _fitWidthProportion = 0;
+    _fitHeightProportion = 0;
+    _excludeFromLayout = false;
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('layoutchild');
-        this._minWidth = 0;
-        this._minHeight = 0;
-        this._maxWidth = null;
-        this._maxHeight = null;
-        this._fitWidthProportion = 0;
-        this._fitHeightProportion = 0;
-        this._excludeFromLayout = false;
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
         return {
@@ -3739,18 +4054,18 @@ const fittings = new Map([
  * @category Components
  */
 class LayoutGroupComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    _orientation = 'horizontal';
+    _reverseX = false;
+    _reverseY = false;
+    _alignment = new Vec2(0, 1);
+    _padding = new Vec4(0, 0, 0, 0);
+    _spacing = new Vec2(0, 0);
+    _widthFitting = 'none';
+    _heightFitting = 'none';
+    _wrap = false;
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('layoutgroup');
-        this._orientation = 'horizontal';
-        this._reverseX = false;
-        this._reverseY = false;
-        this._alignment = new Vec2(0, 1);
-        this._padding = new Vec4(0, 0, 0, 0);
-        this._spacing = new Vec2(0, 0);
-        this._widthFitting = 'none';
-        this._heightFitting = 'none';
-        this._wrap = false;
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
         return {
@@ -3778,10 +4093,9 @@ class LayoutGroupComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      * @param value - The orientation.
      */
     set orientation(value) {
-        var _a;
         this._orientation = value;
         if (this.component) {
-            this.component.orientation = (_a = orientations$1.get(value)) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL;
+            this.component.orientation = orientations$1.get(value) ?? ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL;
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -3882,10 +4196,9 @@ class LayoutGroupComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      * @param value - The width fitting mode.
      */
     set widthFitting(value) {
-        var _a;
         this._widthFitting = value;
         if (this.component) {
-            this.component.widthFitting = (_a = fittings.get(value)) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : FITTING_NONE;
+            this.component.widthFitting = fittings.get(value) ?? FITTING_NONE;
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -3901,10 +4214,9 @@ class LayoutGroupComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      * @param value - The height fitting mode.
      */
     set heightFitting(value) {
-        var _a;
         this._heightFitting = value;
         if (this.component) {
-            this.component.heightFitting = (_a = fittings.get(value)) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : FITTING_NONE;
+            this.component.heightFitting = fittings.get(value) ?? FITTING_NONE;
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -4000,28 +4312,28 @@ const shadowTypes = new Map([
  * @category Components
  */
 class LightComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    _castShadows = false;
+    _color = new Color(1, 1, 1);
+    _innerConeAngle = 40;
+    _intensity = 1;
+    _normalOffsetBias = 0.05;
+    _outerConeAngle = 45;
+    _range = 10;
+    _shadowBias = 0.2;
+    _shadowDistance = 16;
+    _shadowIntensity = 1;
+    _shadowResolution = 1024;
+    _shadowType = 'pcf3-32f';
+    _type = 'directional';
+    _vsmBias = 0.01;
+    _vsmBlurSize = 11;
+    _penumbraSize = 1;
+    _penumbraFalloff = 1;
+    _shadowSamples = 16;
+    _shadowBlockerSamples = 16;
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('light');
-        this._castShadows = false;
-        this._color = new Color(1, 1, 1);
-        this._innerConeAngle = 40;
-        this._intensity = 1;
-        this._normalOffsetBias = 0.05;
-        this._outerConeAngle = 45;
-        this._range = 10;
-        this._shadowBias = 0.2;
-        this._shadowDistance = 16;
-        this._shadowIntensity = 1;
-        this._shadowResolution = 1024;
-        this._shadowType = 'pcf3-32f';
-        this._type = 'directional';
-        this._vsmBias = 0.01;
-        this._vsmBlurSize = 11;
-        this._penumbraSize = 1;
-        this._penumbraFalloff = 1;
-        this._shadowSamples = 16;
-        this._shadowBlockerSamples = 16;
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
         return {
@@ -4255,10 +4567,9 @@ class LightComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      * - `pcss-32f` - Percentage-closer soft shadow with 32-bit depth.
      */
     set shadowType(value) {
-        var _a;
         this._shadowType = value;
         if (this.component) {
-            this.component.shadowType = (_a = shadowTypes.get(value)) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : SHADOW_PCF3_32F;
+            this.component.shadowType = shadowTypes.get(value) ?? SHADOW_PCF3_32F;
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -4486,20 +4797,19 @@ customElements.define('pc-light', LightComponentElement);
  * @category Components
  */
 class ParticleSystemComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    _asset = '';
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('particlesystem');
-        this._asset = '';
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
-        var _a;
         const asset = AssetElement.get(this._asset);
         if (!asset) {
             return {};
         }
         if (asset.resource.colorMapAsset) {
             const id = asset.resource.colorMapAsset;
-            const colorMapAsset = (_a = AssetElement.get(id)) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.id;
+            const colorMapAsset = AssetElement.get(id)?.id;
             if (colorMapAsset) {
                 asset.resource.colorMapAsset = colorMapAsset;
             }
@@ -4525,9 +4835,8 @@ class ParticleSystemComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
         }
     }
     async _loadAsset() {
-        var _a;
-        const appElement = await ((_a = this.closestApp) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.ready());
-        const app = appElement === null || appElement === void 0 ? void 0 : appElement.app;
+        const appElement = await this.closestApp?.ready();
+        const app = appElement?.app;
         const asset = AssetElement.get(this._asset);
         if (!asset) {
             return;
@@ -4602,148 +4911,2183 @@ class ParticleSystemComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
         super.attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue);
         switch (name) {
             case 'asset':
-                this.asset = newValue;
+                this.asset = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
         }
     }
 }
 customElements.define('pc-particles', ParticleSystemComponentElement);
 
-/**
- * The MaterialElement interface provides properties and methods for manipulating
- * {@link https://developer.playcanvas.com/user-manual/web-components/tags/pc-material/ | `<pc-material>`} elements.
+const blendTypes = new Map([
+    ['none', BLEND_NONE],
+    ['normal', BLEND_NORMAL],
+    ['additive', BLEND_ADDITIVE],
+    ['additive-alpha', BLEND_ADDITIVEALPHA],
+    ['premultiplied', BLEND_PREMULTIPLIED],
+    ['multiplicative', BLEND_MULTIPLICATIVE],
+    ['multiplicative-2x', BLEND_MULTIPLICATIVE2X],
+    ['screen', BLEND_SCREEN],
+    ['min', BLEND_MIN],
+    ['max', BLEND_MAX],
+    ['subtractive', BLEND_SUBTRACTIVE]
+]);
+const cullModes = new Map([
+    ['none', CULLFACE_NONE],
+    ['back', CULLFACE_BACK],
+    ['front', CULLFACE_FRONT],
+    ['front-and-back', CULLFACE_FRONTANDBACK]
+]);
+const fresnelModels = new Map([
+    ['none', FRESNEL_NONE],
+    ['schlick', FRESNEL_SCHLICK]
+]);
+const occludeSpeculars = new Map([
+    ['none', SPECOCC_NONE],
+    ['ao', SPECOCC_AO],
+    ['gloss-dependent', SPECOCC_GLOSSDEPENDENT]
+]);
+const opacityDithers = ['none', 'bayer8', 'bluenoise', 'ignnoise'];
+const colorChannels = ['r', 'g', 'b', 'a', 'rgb'];
+const scalarChannels = ['r', 'g', 'b', 'a'];
+/**
+ * The attributes that contradict a `roughness-*` attribute: each one carries the opposite
+ * interpretation of a value the aliases also write. The `gloss-map-*` modifiers are deliberately
+ * absent - they only configure the shared slot (tiling, offset, channel and so on) and carry no
+ * interpretation of their own, so they are the supported way to configure a `roughness-map`.
+ */
+const glossConflicts = ['gloss', 'gloss-invert', 'gloss-map'];
+/** The aliases those attributes contradict. */
+const roughnessAliases = ['roughness', 'roughness-map'];
+/**
+ * The MaterialElement interface provides properties and methods for manipulating
+ * {@link https://developer.playcanvas.com/user-manual/web-components/tags/pc-material/ | `<pc-material>`} elements.
  * The MaterialElement interface also inherits the properties and methods of the
  * {@link HTMLElement} interface.
  *
  * A `pc-material` must be a direct child of `pc-app` — elements placed elsewhere log a warning
  * and never create a material. Elements inserted while the application is already running are
  * created on insertion.
+ *
+ * The element is metal/rough by default: unlike a bare `StandardMaterial` it enables the metalness
+ * workflow, which is what the `metalness-*` attributes assume and what glTF means by PBR. It also
+ * defaults `metalness` to 0 rather than the engine's 1, because those two defaults have to be
+ * chosen together - the engine's 1 is unreachable under its own `useMetalness` of false, and with
+ * the workflow on it would make every material fully metallic, so `<pc-material diffuse="crimson">`
+ * would render as dark tinted reflections of an environment that may not exist rather than as a
+ * crimson surface. `metalness="1"` remains one attribute away.
+ *
+ * The `roughness` and `roughness-map` attributes are aliases for `gloss` and `gloss-map` that
+ * additionally invert the gloss channel; do not mix the two families on one element.
+ *
+ * The two aliases are documented here rather than on an accessor, because they resolve to the
+ * `gloss` properties and would otherwise inherit gloss's description - which reads inverted.
+ *
+ * @attribute {number} roughness - The roughness of the material, from 0 (shiny) to 1 (rough). An
+ * alias for `gloss` that also inverts it, so do not combine it with the `gloss` attributes.
+ * @attribute {string} roughness-map - The id of the `pc-asset` to use as the roughness map. An
+ * alias for `gloss-map` that also inverts the gloss channel, so do not combine it with the `gloss`
+ * attributes.
  */
 class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
-    constructor() {
-        super(...arguments);
-        this._diffuse = new Color(1, 1, 1);
-        this._diffuseMap = '';
-        this._metalnessMap = '';
-        this._normalMap = '';
-        this._roughnessMap = '';
-        this.material = null;
-    }
+    _alphaTest = 0;
+    _alphaToCoverage = false;
+    _aoIntensity = 1;
+    _aoMap = '';
+    _aoMapChannel = 'g';
+    _aoMapOffset = new Vec2(0, 0);
+    _aoMapRotation = 0;
+    _aoMapTiling = new Vec2(1, 1);
+    _aoMapUv = 0;
+    _blendType = 'none';
+    _bumpiness = 1;
+    _cull = 'back';
+    _depthBias = 0;
+    _depthTest = true;
+    _depthWrite = true;
+    _diffuse = new Color(1, 1, 1);
+    _diffuseMap = '';
+    _diffuseMapChannel = 'rgb';
+    _diffuseMapOffset = new Vec2(0, 0);
+    _diffuseMapRotation = 0;
+    _diffuseMapTiling = new Vec2(1, 1);
+    _diffuseMapUv = 0;
+    _emissive = new Color(0, 0, 0);
+    _emissiveIntensity = 1;
+    _emissiveMap = '';
+    _emissiveMapChannel = 'rgb';
+    _emissiveMapOffset = new Vec2(0, 0);
+    _emissiveMapRotation = 0;
+    _emissiveMapTiling = new Vec2(1, 1);
+    _emissiveMapUv = 0;
+    _enableGGXSpecular = false;
+    _fresnelModel = 'schlick';
+    _gloss = 0.25;
+    _glossInvert = false;
+    _glossMap = '';
+    _glossMapChannel = 'g';
+    _glossMapOffset = new Vec2(0, 0);
+    _glossMapRotation = 0;
+    _glossMapTiling = new Vec2(1, 1);
+    _glossMapUv = 0;
+    _heightMap = '';
+    _heightMapChannel = 'g';
+    _heightMapFactor = 1;
+    _heightMapOffset = new Vec2(0, 0);
+    _heightMapRotation = 0;
+    _heightMapTiling = new Vec2(1, 1);
+    _heightMapUv = 0;
+    _metalness = 0;
+    _metalnessMap = '';
+    _metalnessMapChannel = 'g';
+    _metalnessMapOffset = new Vec2(0, 0);
+    _metalnessMapRotation = 0;
+    _metalnessMapTiling = new Vec2(1, 1);
+    _metalnessMapUv = 0;
+    _normalMap = '';
+    _normalMapOffset = new Vec2(0, 0);
+    _normalMapRotation = 0;
+    _normalMapTiling = new Vec2(1, 1);
+    _normalMapUv = 0;
+    _occludeDirect = false;
+    _occludeSpecular = 'ao';
+    _opacity = 1;
+    _opacityDither = 'none';
+    _opacityFadesSpecular = true;
+    _opacityMap = '';
+    _opacityMapChannel = 'a';
+    _opacityMapOffset = new Vec2(0, 0);
+    _opacityMapRotation = 0;
+    _opacityMapTiling = new Vec2(1, 1);
+    _opacityMapUv = 0;
+    _slopeDepthBias = 0;
+    _specular = new Color(0, 0, 0);
+    _specularityFactor = 1;
+    _twoSidedLighting = false;
+    _useFog = true;
+    _useLighting = true;
+    // Diverges from the engine default of false - see the class docblock and createMaterial()
+    _useMetalness = true;
+    _useMetalnessSpecularColor = false;
+    _useSkybox = true;
+    _useTonemap = true;
+    /**
+     * Pending `load` handlers, one per texture slot. A slot's handler is torn down when the slot is
+     * reassigned or the element disconnects, so a late-arriving asset can never write a texture the
+     * element no longer wants.
+     */
+    _mapHandles = new Map();
+    _updateScheduled = false;
+    _glossConflictWarned = false;
+    material = null;
     async connectedCallback() {
-        var _a, _b;
-        const appElement = (_b = (_a = this.parentElement) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.closest('pc-app')) !== null && _b !== void 0 ? _b : null;
+        const appElement = this.parentElement?.closest('pc-app') ?? null;
         // Materials must be direct children of pc-app (matches the boot query ':scope > pc-material')
         if (!appElement || this.parentElement !== appElement) {
             console.warn(`pc-material '${this.id}' must be a direct child of pc-app - material not created`);
             return;
         }
-        await appElement.ready();
-        // The element may have been removed or re-parented while waiting for the app
-        if (!this.isConnected || this.parentElement !== appElement)
-            return;
-        // Materials present at startup are created by AppElement's boot; this branch handles
-        // elements inserted (or re-inserted) after the app is already running
-        if (!this.material) {
-            if (!appElement.app)
-                return; // pc-app is re-connecting; its own boot will create this
-            this.createMaterial();
+        await appElement.ready();
+        // The element may have been removed or re-parented while waiting for the app
+        if (!this.isConnected || this.parentElement !== appElement)
+            return;
+        // Materials present at startup are created by AppElement's boot; this branch handles
+        // elements inserted (or re-inserted) after the app is already running
+        if (!this.material) {
+            if (!appElement.app)
+                return; // pc-app is re-connecting; its own boot will create this
+            this.createMaterial();
+        }
+    }
+    createMaterial() {
+        const material = new StandardMaterial();
+        this.material = material;
+        material.alphaTest = this._alphaTest;
+        material.alphaToCoverage = this._alphaToCoverage;
+        material.aoIntensity = this._aoIntensity;
+        material.aoMapChannel = this._aoMapChannel;
+        material.aoMapOffset = this._aoMapOffset;
+        material.aoMapRotation = this._aoMapRotation;
+        material.aoMapTiling = this._aoMapTiling;
+        material.aoMapUv = this._aoMapUv;
+        material.blendType = blendTypes.get(this._blendType) ?? BLEND_NONE;
+        material.bumpiness = this._bumpiness;
+        material.cull = cullModes.get(this._cull) ?? CULLFACE_BACK;
+        material.depthBias = this._depthBias;
+        material.depthTest = this._depthTest;
+        material.depthWrite = this._depthWrite;
+        material.diffuse = this._diffuse;
+        material.diffuseMapChannel = this._diffuseMapChannel;
+        material.diffuseMapOffset = this._diffuseMapOffset;
+        material.diffuseMapRotation = this._diffuseMapRotation;
+        material.diffuseMapTiling = this._diffuseMapTiling;
+        material.diffuseMapUv = this._diffuseMapUv;
+        material.emissive = this._emissive;
+        material.emissiveIntensity = this._emissiveIntensity;
+        material.emissiveMapChannel = this._emissiveMapChannel;
+        material.emissiveMapOffset = this._emissiveMapOffset;
+        material.emissiveMapRotation = this._emissiveMapRotation;
+        material.emissiveMapTiling = this._emissiveMapTiling;
+        material.emissiveMapUv = this._emissiveMapUv;
+        material.enableGGXSpecular = this._enableGGXSpecular;
+        material.fresnelModel = fresnelModels.get(this._fresnelModel) ?? FRESNEL_SCHLICK;
+        material.gloss = this._gloss;
+        material.glossInvert = this._glossInvert;
+        material.glossMapChannel = this._glossMapChannel;
+        material.glossMapOffset = this._glossMapOffset;
+        material.glossMapRotation = this._glossMapRotation;
+        material.glossMapTiling = this._glossMapTiling;
+        material.glossMapUv = this._glossMapUv;
+        material.heightMapChannel = this._heightMapChannel;
+        material.heightMapFactor = this._heightMapFactor;
+        material.heightMapOffset = this._heightMapOffset;
+        material.heightMapRotation = this._heightMapRotation;
+        material.heightMapTiling = this._heightMapTiling;
+        material.heightMapUv = this._heightMapUv;
+        material.metalness = this._metalness;
+        material.metalnessMapChannel = this._metalnessMapChannel;
+        material.metalnessMapOffset = this._metalnessMapOffset;
+        material.metalnessMapRotation = this._metalnessMapRotation;
+        material.metalnessMapTiling = this._metalnessMapTiling;
+        material.metalnessMapUv = this._metalnessMapUv;
+        material.normalMapOffset = this._normalMapOffset;
+        material.normalMapRotation = this._normalMapRotation;
+        material.normalMapTiling = this._normalMapTiling;
+        material.normalMapUv = this._normalMapUv;
+        // @ts-ignore the engine's generated .d.ts types occludeDirect as a number, but its own
+        // JSDoc documents it as a boolean and its runtime default is `false`
+        material.occludeDirect = this._occludeDirect;
+        material.occludeSpecular = occludeSpeculars.get(this._occludeSpecular) ?? SPECOCC_AO;
+        material.opacity = this._opacity;
+        material.opacityDither = this._opacityDither;
+        material.opacityFadesSpecular = this._opacityFadesSpecular;
+        material.opacityMapChannel = this._opacityMapChannel;
+        material.opacityMapOffset = this._opacityMapOffset;
+        material.opacityMapRotation = this._opacityMapRotation;
+        material.opacityMapTiling = this._opacityMapTiling;
+        material.opacityMapUv = this._opacityMapUv;
+        material.slopeDepthBias = this._slopeDepthBias;
+        material.specular = this._specular;
+        material.specularityFactor = this._specularityFactor;
+        material.twoSidedLighting = this._twoSidedLighting;
+        material.useFog = this._useFog;
+        material.useLighting = this._useLighting;
+        // The engine defaults to the older specular/gloss workflow, in which metalnessMap is never
+        // sampled at all - useMetalness drives the LIT_METALNESS define. This element defaults the
+        // other way, so that `metalness-map` does what its name says.
+        material.useMetalness = this._useMetalness;
+        material.useMetalnessSpecularColor = this._useMetalnessSpecularColor;
+        material.useSkybox = this._useSkybox;
+        material.useTonemap = this._useTonemap;
+        // Texture slots resolve a pc-asset id, which may not have loaded yet
+        this.aoMap = this._aoMap;
+        this.diffuseMap = this._diffuseMap;
+        this.emissiveMap = this._emissiveMap;
+        this.glossMap = this._glossMap;
+        this.heightMap = this._heightMap;
+        this.metalnessMap = this._metalnessMap;
+        this.normalMap = this._normalMap;
+        this.opacityMap = this._opacityMap;
+        material.update();
+    }
+    disconnectedCallback() {
+        for (const handle of this._mapHandles.values()) {
+            handle.off();
+        }
+        this._mapHandles.clear();
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.destroy();
+            this.material = null;
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Coalesces `material.update()` across a burst of attribute or property writes, so that setting
+     * a dozen attributes in one parse costs one update rather than a dozen.
+     */
+    _scheduleUpdate() {
+        if (this._updateScheduled)
+            return;
+        this._updateScheduled = true;
+        queueMicrotask(() => {
+            this._updateScheduled = false;
+            this.material?.update();
+        });
+    }
+    /**
+     * Warns when a `roughness-*` attribute is combined with one that carries the opposite
+     * interpretation of the same value. They write the same engine properties but disagree about
+     * whether the channel is inverted, so the result would depend on attribute order rather than
+     * on intent.
+     *
+     * Called from both families rather than only from the roughness branches, because the two
+     * orderings are equally wrong and only one of them would otherwise be caught. The conflict is
+     * a property of the element rather than of any one write - and an upgrading element already
+     * has all of its attributes, so every branch would otherwise report the same clash - so the
+     * warning latches and reports once per episode, clearing when the clash is resolved.
+     */
+    _warnGlossConflict() {
+        const quote = (names) => `'${names.join('\', \'')}'`;
+        const roughness = roughnessAliases.filter(name => this.hasAttribute(name));
+        const gloss = glossConflicts.filter(name => this.hasAttribute(name));
+        if (roughness.length === 0 || gloss.length === 0) {
+            this._glossConflictWarned = false;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (this._glossConflictWarned)
+            return;
+        this._glossConflictWarned = true;
+        console.warn(`pc-material '${this.id}' sets both ${quote(roughness)} and ${quote(gloss)} - ` +
+            'the roughness-* attributes invert gloss, so the two families contradict each other. Use one or the other.');
+    }
+    /**
+     * Points a texture slot at the resource of a `pc-asset`, waiting for the asset to load when it
+     * has not already. An empty id clears the slot.
+     *
+     * @param id - The id of the `pc-asset`, or an empty string to clear the slot.
+     * @param slot - The material property to write.
+     */
+    setMap(id, slot) {
+        // Drop any load still pending for this slot - its texture is no longer the one we want
+        this._mapHandles.get(slot)?.off();
+        this._mapHandles.delete(slot);
+        if (!this.material)
+            return;
+        if (!id) {
+            this.material[slot] = null;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+            return;
+        }
+        const asset = AssetElement.get(id);
+        if (!asset)
+            return;
+        if (asset.loaded) {
+            this._applyMap(slot, asset.resource);
+            return;
+        }
+        this._mapHandles.set(slot, asset.once('load', () => {
+            this._mapHandles.delete(slot);
+            this._applyMap(slot, asset.resource);
+        }));
+    }
+    /**
+     * @param slot - The material property to write.
+     * @param texture - The loaded texture.
+     */
+    _applyMap(slot, texture) {
+        if (!this.material)
+            return;
+        this.material[slot] = texture;
+        texture.anisotropy = 4;
+        this._scheduleUpdate();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the alpha test reference value. Fragments with an opacity below this value are discarded.
+     * @param value - The alpha test reference value.
+     */
+    set alphaTest(value) {
+        this._alphaTest = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.alphaTest = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the alpha test reference value.
+     * @returns The alpha test reference value.
+     */
+    get alphaTest() {
+        return this._alphaTest;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether to use alpha to coverage, which resolves transparency using multisampling.
+     * @param value - The alpha to coverage flag.
+     */
+    set alphaToCoverage(value) {
+        this._alphaToCoverage = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.alphaToCoverage = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets whether to use alpha to coverage.
+     * @returns The alpha to coverage flag.
+     */
+    get alphaToCoverage() {
+        return this._alphaToCoverage;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the strength of the ambient occlusion map, from 0 to 1.
+     * @param value - The ambient occlusion intensity.
+     */
+    set aoIntensity(value) {
+        this._aoIntensity = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.aoIntensity = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the strength of the ambient occlusion map.
+     * @returns The ambient occlusion intensity.
+     */
+    get aoIntensity() {
+        return this._aoIntensity;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the id of the `pc-asset` to use as the ambient occlusion map.
+     * @param value - The asset id.
+     */
+    set aoMap(value) {
+        this._aoMap = value;
+        this.setMap(value, 'aoMap');
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the ambient occlusion map.
+     * @returns The asset id.
+     */
+    get aoMap() {
+        return this._aoMap;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the color channel of the ambient occlusion map to sample.
+     * @param value - The channel.
+     */
+    set aoMapChannel(value) {
+        this._aoMapChannel = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.aoMapChannel = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the color channel of the ambient occlusion map to sample.
+     * @returns The channel.
+     */
+    get aoMapChannel() {
+        return this._aoMapChannel;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D offset of the ambient occlusion map.
+     * @param value - The offset.
+     */
+    set aoMapOffset(value) {
+        this._aoMapOffset = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.aoMapOffset = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D offset of the ambient occlusion map.
+     * @returns The offset.
+     */
+    get aoMapOffset() {
+        return this._aoMapOffset;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D rotation of the ambient occlusion map, in degrees.
+     * @param value - The rotation.
+     */
+    set aoMapRotation(value) {
+        this._aoMapRotation = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.aoMapRotation = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D rotation of the ambient occlusion map.
+     * @returns The rotation.
+     */
+    get aoMapRotation() {
+        return this._aoMapRotation;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D tiling of the ambient occlusion map.
+     * @param value - The tiling.
+     */
+    set aoMapTiling(value) {
+        this._aoMapTiling = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.aoMapTiling = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D tiling of the ambient occlusion map.
+     * @returns The tiling.
+     */
+    get aoMapTiling() {
+        return this._aoMapTiling;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the UV channel the ambient occlusion map samples.
+     * @param value - The UV channel.
+     */
+    set aoMapUv(value) {
+        this._aoMapUv = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.aoMapUv = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the UV channel the ambient occlusion map samples.
+     * @returns The UV channel.
+     */
+    get aoMapUv() {
+        return this._aoMapUv;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets how the material is blended with the scene behind it.
+     * @param value - The blend type.
+     */
+    set blendType(value) {
+        this._blendType = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.blendType = blendTypes.get(value) ?? BLEND_NONE;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets how the material is blended with the scene behind it.
+     * @returns The blend type.
+     */
+    get blendType() {
+        return this._blendType;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the strength of the normal map, where 0 is flat and 1 is the map's full effect.
+     * @param value - The bumpiness.
+     */
+    set bumpiness(value) {
+        this._bumpiness = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.bumpiness = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the strength of the normal map.
+     * @returns The bumpiness.
+     */
+    get bumpiness() {
+        return this._bumpiness;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets which faces of a mesh are culled.
+     * @param value - The cull mode.
+     */
+    set cull(value) {
+        this._cull = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.cull = cullModes.get(value) ?? CULLFACE_BACK;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets which faces of a mesh are culled.
+     * @returns The cull mode.
+     */
+    get cull() {
+        return this._cull;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the offset applied to the depth of a fragment, used to resolve z-fighting.
+     * @param value - The depth bias.
+     */
+    set depthBias(value) {
+        this._depthBias = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.depthBias = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the offset applied to the depth of a fragment.
+     * @returns The depth bias.
+     */
+    get depthBias() {
+        return this._depthBias;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether fragments are tested against the depth buffer.
+     * @param value - The depth test flag.
+     */
+    set depthTest(value) {
+        this._depthTest = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.depthTest = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets whether fragments are tested against the depth buffer.
+     * @returns The depth test flag.
+     */
+    get depthTest() {
+        return this._depthTest;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether fragments write to the depth buffer.
+     * @param value - The depth write flag.
+     */
+    set depthWrite(value) {
+        this._depthWrite = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.depthWrite = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets whether fragments write to the depth buffer.
+     * @returns The depth write flag.
+     */
+    get depthWrite() {
+        return this._depthWrite;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the diffuse color of the material. With the metalness workflow this doubles as the
+     * specular color where the surface is metallic.
+     * @param value - The diffuse color.
+     */
+    set diffuse(value) {
+        this._diffuse = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.diffuse = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the diffuse color of the material.
+     * @returns The diffuse color.
+     */
+    get diffuse() {
+        return this._diffuse;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the id of the `pc-asset` to use as the diffuse map.
+     * @param value - The asset id.
+     */
+    set diffuseMap(value) {
+        this._diffuseMap = value;
+        this.setMap(value, 'diffuseMap');
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the diffuse map.
+     * @returns The asset id.
+     */
+    get diffuseMap() {
+        return this._diffuseMap;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the color channels of the diffuse map to sample.
+     * @param value - The channels.
+     */
+    set diffuseMapChannel(value) {
+        this._diffuseMapChannel = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.diffuseMapChannel = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the color channels of the diffuse map to sample.
+     * @returns The channels.
+     */
+    get diffuseMapChannel() {
+        return this._diffuseMapChannel;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D offset of the diffuse map.
+     * @param value - The offset.
+     */
+    set diffuseMapOffset(value) {
+        this._diffuseMapOffset = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.diffuseMapOffset = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D offset of the diffuse map.
+     * @returns The offset.
+     */
+    get diffuseMapOffset() {
+        return this._diffuseMapOffset;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D rotation of the diffuse map, in degrees.
+     * @param value - The rotation.
+     */
+    set diffuseMapRotation(value) {
+        this._diffuseMapRotation = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.diffuseMapRotation = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D rotation of the diffuse map.
+     * @returns The rotation.
+     */
+    get diffuseMapRotation() {
+        return this._diffuseMapRotation;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D tiling of the diffuse map.
+     * @param value - The tiling.
+     */
+    set diffuseMapTiling(value) {
+        this._diffuseMapTiling = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.diffuseMapTiling = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D tiling of the diffuse map.
+     * @returns The tiling.
+     */
+    get diffuseMapTiling() {
+        return this._diffuseMapTiling;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the UV channel the diffuse map samples.
+     * @param value - The UV channel.
+     */
+    set diffuseMapUv(value) {
+        this._diffuseMapUv = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.diffuseMapUv = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the UV channel the diffuse map samples.
+     * @returns The UV channel.
+     */
+    get diffuseMapUv() {
+        return this._diffuseMapUv;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the emissive color of the material, which is added to the lit result.
+     * @param value - The emissive color.
+     */
+    set emissive(value) {
+        this._emissive = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.emissive = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the emissive color of the material.
+     * @returns The emissive color.
+     */
+    get emissive() {
+        return this._emissive;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the multiplier applied to the emissive color and map.
+     * @param value - The emissive intensity.
+     */
+    set emissiveIntensity(value) {
+        this._emissiveIntensity = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.emissiveIntensity = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the multiplier applied to the emissive color and map.
+     * @returns The emissive intensity.
+     */
+    get emissiveIntensity() {
+        return this._emissiveIntensity;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the id of the `pc-asset` to use as the emissive map.
+     * @param value - The asset id.
+     */
+    set emissiveMap(value) {
+        this._emissiveMap = value;
+        this.setMap(value, 'emissiveMap');
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the emissive map.
+     * @returns The asset id.
+     */
+    get emissiveMap() {
+        return this._emissiveMap;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the color channels of the emissive map to sample.
+     * @param value - The channels.
+     */
+    set emissiveMapChannel(value) {
+        this._emissiveMapChannel = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.emissiveMapChannel = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the color channels of the emissive map to sample.
+     * @returns The channels.
+     */
+    get emissiveMapChannel() {
+        return this._emissiveMapChannel;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D offset of the emissive map.
+     * @param value - The offset.
+     */
+    set emissiveMapOffset(value) {
+        this._emissiveMapOffset = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.emissiveMapOffset = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D offset of the emissive map.
+     * @returns The offset.
+     */
+    get emissiveMapOffset() {
+        return this._emissiveMapOffset;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D rotation of the emissive map, in degrees.
+     * @param value - The rotation.
+     */
+    set emissiveMapRotation(value) {
+        this._emissiveMapRotation = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.emissiveMapRotation = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D rotation of the emissive map.
+     * @returns The rotation.
+     */
+    get emissiveMapRotation() {
+        return this._emissiveMapRotation;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D tiling of the emissive map.
+     * @param value - The tiling.
+     */
+    set emissiveMapTiling(value) {
+        this._emissiveMapTiling = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.emissiveMapTiling = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D tiling of the emissive map.
+     * @returns The tiling.
+     */
+    get emissiveMapTiling() {
+        return this._emissiveMapTiling;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the UV channel the emissive map samples.
+     * @param value - The UV channel.
+     */
+    set emissiveMapUv(value) {
+        this._emissiveMapUv = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.emissiveMapUv = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the UV channel the emissive map samples.
+     * @returns The UV channel.
+     */
+    get emissiveMapUv() {
+        return this._emissiveMapUv;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether to use the GGX specular model, which supports anisotropy.
+     * @param value - The GGX specular flag.
+     */
+    set enableGGXSpecular(value) {
+        this._enableGGXSpecular = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.enableGGXSpecular = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets whether to use the GGX specular model.
+     * @returns The GGX specular flag.
+     */
+    get enableGGXSpecular() {
+        return this._enableGGXSpecular;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the Fresnel model used for specular reflections at grazing angles.
+     * @param value - The Fresnel model.
+     */
+    set fresnelModel(value) {
+        this._fresnelModel = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.fresnelModel = fresnelModels.get(value) ?? FRESNEL_SCHLICK;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the Fresnel model used for specular reflections at grazing angles.
+     * @returns The Fresnel model.
+     */
+    get fresnelModel() {
+        return this._fresnelModel;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the glossiness of the material, from 0 (rough) to 1 (shiny). See also `roughness`.
+     * @param value - The gloss.
+     */
+    set gloss(value) {
+        this._gloss = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.gloss = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the glossiness of the material.
+     * @returns The gloss.
+     */
+    get gloss() {
+        return this._gloss;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the gloss value and map are inverted, which makes the material treat them as
+     * roughness. Setting `roughness` or `roughness-map` enables this automatically.
+     * @param value - The gloss invert flag.
+     */
+    set glossInvert(value) {
+        this._glossInvert = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.glossInvert = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets whether the gloss value and map are inverted.
+     * @returns The gloss invert flag.
+     */
+    get glossInvert() {
+        return this._glossInvert;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the id of the `pc-asset` to use as the gloss map. See also `roughnessMap`.
+     * @param value - The asset id.
+     */
+    set glossMap(value) {
+        this._glossMap = value;
+        this.setMap(value, 'glossMap');
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the gloss map.
+     * @returns The asset id.
+     */
+    get glossMap() {
+        return this._glossMap;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the color channel of the gloss map to sample.
+     * @param value - The channel.
+     */
+    set glossMapChannel(value) {
+        this._glossMapChannel = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.glossMapChannel = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the color channel of the gloss map to sample.
+     * @returns The channel.
+     */
+    get glossMapChannel() {
+        return this._glossMapChannel;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D offset of the gloss map.
+     * @param value - The offset.
+     */
+    set glossMapOffset(value) {
+        this._glossMapOffset = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.glossMapOffset = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D offset of the gloss map.
+     * @returns The offset.
+     */
+    get glossMapOffset() {
+        return this._glossMapOffset;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D rotation of the gloss map, in degrees.
+     * @param value - The rotation.
+     */
+    set glossMapRotation(value) {
+        this._glossMapRotation = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.glossMapRotation = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D rotation of the gloss map.
+     * @returns The rotation.
+     */
+    get glossMapRotation() {
+        return this._glossMapRotation;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D tiling of the gloss map.
+     * @param value - The tiling.
+     */
+    set glossMapTiling(value) {
+        this._glossMapTiling = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.glossMapTiling = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D tiling of the gloss map.
+     * @returns The tiling.
+     */
+    get glossMapTiling() {
+        return this._glossMapTiling;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the UV channel the gloss map samples.
+     * @param value - The UV channel.
+     */
+    set glossMapUv(value) {
+        this._glossMapUv = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.glossMapUv = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the UV channel the gloss map samples.
+     * @returns The UV channel.
+     */
+    get glossMapUv() {
+        return this._glossMapUv;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the id of the `pc-asset` to use as the height map, which drives parallax mapping.
+     * @param value - The asset id.
+     */
+    set heightMap(value) {
+        this._heightMap = value;
+        this.setMap(value, 'heightMap');
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the height map.
+     * @returns The asset id.
+     */
+    get heightMap() {
+        return this._heightMap;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the color channel of the height map to sample.
+     * @param value - The channel.
+     */
+    set heightMapChannel(value) {
+        this._heightMapChannel = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.heightMapChannel = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the color channel of the height map to sample.
+     * @returns The channel.
+     */
+    get heightMapChannel() {
+        return this._heightMapChannel;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the strength of the parallax effect driven by the height map.
+     * @param value - The height map factor.
+     */
+    set heightMapFactor(value) {
+        this._heightMapFactor = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.heightMapFactor = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the strength of the parallax effect driven by the height map.
+     * @returns The height map factor.
+     */
+    get heightMapFactor() {
+        return this._heightMapFactor;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D offset of the height map.
+     * @param value - The offset.
+     */
+    set heightMapOffset(value) {
+        this._heightMapOffset = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.heightMapOffset = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D offset of the height map.
+     * @returns The offset.
+     */
+    get heightMapOffset() {
+        return this._heightMapOffset;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D rotation of the height map, in degrees.
+     * @param value - The rotation.
+     */
+    set heightMapRotation(value) {
+        this._heightMapRotation = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.heightMapRotation = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D rotation of the height map.
+     * @returns The rotation.
+     */
+    get heightMapRotation() {
+        return this._heightMapRotation;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D tiling of the height map.
+     * @param value - The tiling.
+     */
+    set heightMapTiling(value) {
+        this._heightMapTiling = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.heightMapTiling = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D tiling of the height map.
+     * @returns The tiling.
+     */
+    get heightMapTiling() {
+        return this._heightMapTiling;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the UV channel the height map samples.
+     * @param value - The UV channel.
+     */
+    set heightMapUv(value) {
+        this._heightMapUv = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.heightMapUv = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the UV channel the height map samples.
+     * @returns The UV channel.
+     */
+    get heightMapUv() {
+        return this._heightMapUv;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets how metallic the surface is, from 0 (dielectric) to 1 (metal).
+     * @param value - The metalness.
+     */
+    set metalness(value) {
+        this._metalness = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.metalness = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets how metallic the surface is.
+     * @returns The metalness.
+     */
+    get metalness() {
+        return this._metalness;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the id of the `pc-asset` to use as the metalness map.
+     * @param value - The asset id.
+     */
+    set metalnessMap(value) {
+        this._metalnessMap = value;
+        this.setMap(value, 'metalnessMap');
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the metalness map.
+     * @returns The asset id.
+     */
+    get metalnessMap() {
+        return this._metalnessMap;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the color channel of the metalness map to sample.
+     * @param value - The channel.
+     */
+    set metalnessMapChannel(value) {
+        this._metalnessMapChannel = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.metalnessMapChannel = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the color channel of the metalness map to sample.
+     * @returns The channel.
+     */
+    get metalnessMapChannel() {
+        return this._metalnessMapChannel;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D offset of the metalness map.
+     * @param value - The offset.
+     */
+    set metalnessMapOffset(value) {
+        this._metalnessMapOffset = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.metalnessMapOffset = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D offset of the metalness map.
+     * @returns The offset.
+     */
+    get metalnessMapOffset() {
+        return this._metalnessMapOffset;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D rotation of the metalness map, in degrees.
+     * @param value - The rotation.
+     */
+    set metalnessMapRotation(value) {
+        this._metalnessMapRotation = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.metalnessMapRotation = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D rotation of the metalness map.
+     * @returns The rotation.
+     */
+    get metalnessMapRotation() {
+        return this._metalnessMapRotation;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D tiling of the metalness map.
+     * @param value - The tiling.
+     */
+    set metalnessMapTiling(value) {
+        this._metalnessMapTiling = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.metalnessMapTiling = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D tiling of the metalness map.
+     * @returns The tiling.
+     */
+    get metalnessMapTiling() {
+        return this._metalnessMapTiling;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the UV channel the metalness map samples.
+     * @param value - The UV channel.
+     */
+    set metalnessMapUv(value) {
+        this._metalnessMapUv = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.metalnessMapUv = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the UV channel the metalness map samples.
+     * @returns The UV channel.
+     */
+    get metalnessMapUv() {
+        return this._metalnessMapUv;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the id of the `pc-asset` to use as the normal map.
+     * @param value - The asset id.
+     */
+    set normalMap(value) {
+        this._normalMap = value;
+        this.setMap(value, 'normalMap');
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the normal map.
+     * @returns The asset id.
+     */
+    get normalMap() {
+        return this._normalMap;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D offset of the normal map.
+     * @param value - The offset.
+     */
+    set normalMapOffset(value) {
+        this._normalMapOffset = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.normalMapOffset = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D offset of the normal map.
+     * @returns The offset.
+     */
+    get normalMapOffset() {
+        return this._normalMapOffset;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D rotation of the normal map, in degrees.
+     * @param value - The rotation.
+     */
+    set normalMapRotation(value) {
+        this._normalMapRotation = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.normalMapRotation = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D rotation of the normal map.
+     * @returns The rotation.
+     */
+    get normalMapRotation() {
+        return this._normalMapRotation;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D tiling of the normal map.
+     * @param value - The tiling.
+     */
+    set normalMapTiling(value) {
+        this._normalMapTiling = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.normalMapTiling = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D tiling of the normal map.
+     * @returns The tiling.
+     */
+    get normalMapTiling() {
+        return this._normalMapTiling;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the UV channel the normal map samples.
+     * @param value - The UV channel.
+     */
+    set normalMapUv(value) {
+        this._normalMapUv = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.normalMapUv = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the UV channel the normal map samples.
+     * @returns The UV channel.
+     */
+    get normalMapUv() {
+        return this._normalMapUv;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether ambient occlusion also attenuates direct lighting.
+     * @param value - The occlude direct flag.
+     */
+    set occludeDirect(value) {
+        this._occludeDirect = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            // @ts-ignore see createMaterial() - the engine mistypes occludeDirect as a number
+            this.material.occludeDirect = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets whether ambient occlusion also attenuates direct lighting.
+     * @returns The occlude direct flag.
+     */
+    get occludeDirect() {
+        return this._occludeDirect;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets how specular reflections are occluded.
+     * @param value - The specular occlusion mode.
+     */
+    set occludeSpecular(value) {
+        this._occludeSpecular = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.occludeSpecular = occludeSpeculars.get(value) ?? SPECOCC_AO;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets how specular reflections are occluded.
+     * @returns The specular occlusion mode.
+     */
+    get occludeSpecular() {
+        return this._occludeSpecular;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the opacity of the material, from 0 (transparent) to 1 (opaque), which requires a
+     * `blend-type` other than `none` to have any visible effect.
+     * @param value - The opacity.
+     */
+    set opacity(value) {
+        this._opacity = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.opacity = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the opacity of the material, which requires a `blend-type` other than `none` to have
+     * any visible effect.
+     * @returns The opacity.
+     */
+    get opacity() {
+        return this._opacity;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the dithering used to render opacity, which approximates transparency without blending.
+     * @param value - The dither mode.
+     */
+    set opacityDither(value) {
+        this._opacityDither = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.opacityDither = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the dithering used to render opacity.
+     * @returns The dither mode.
+     */
+    get opacityDither() {
+        return this._opacityDither;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether specular highlights fade out as the material becomes transparent.
+     * @param value - The opacity fades specular flag.
+     */
+    set opacityFadesSpecular(value) {
+        this._opacityFadesSpecular = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.opacityFadesSpecular = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets whether specular highlights fade out as the material becomes transparent.
+     * @returns The opacity fades specular flag.
+     */
+    get opacityFadesSpecular() {
+        return this._opacityFadesSpecular;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the id of the `pc-asset` to use as the opacity map.
+     * @param value - The asset id.
+     */
+    set opacityMap(value) {
+        this._opacityMap = value;
+        this.setMap(value, 'opacityMap');
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the opacity map.
+     * @returns The asset id.
+     */
+    get opacityMap() {
+        return this._opacityMap;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the color channel of the opacity map to sample.
+     * @param value - The channel.
+     */
+    set opacityMapChannel(value) {
+        this._opacityMapChannel = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.opacityMapChannel = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the color channel of the opacity map to sample.
+     * @returns The channel.
+     */
+    get opacityMapChannel() {
+        return this._opacityMapChannel;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D offset of the opacity map.
+     * @param value - The offset.
+     */
+    set opacityMapOffset(value) {
+        this._opacityMapOffset = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.opacityMapOffset = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D offset of the opacity map.
+     * @returns The offset.
+     */
+    get opacityMapOffset() {
+        return this._opacityMapOffset;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D rotation of the opacity map, in degrees.
+     * @param value - The rotation.
+     */
+    set opacityMapRotation(value) {
+        this._opacityMapRotation = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.opacityMapRotation = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D rotation of the opacity map.
+     * @returns The rotation.
+     */
+    get opacityMapRotation() {
+        return this._opacityMapRotation;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the 2D tiling of the opacity map.
+     * @param value - The tiling.
+     */
+    set opacityMapTiling(value) {
+        this._opacityMapTiling = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.opacityMapTiling = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the 2D tiling of the opacity map.
+     * @returns The tiling.
+     */
+    get opacityMapTiling() {
+        return this._opacityMapTiling;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the UV channel the opacity map samples.
+     * @param value - The UV channel.
+     */
+    set opacityMapUv(value) {
+        this._opacityMapUv = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.opacityMapUv = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the UV channel the opacity map samples.
+     * @returns The UV channel.
+     */
+    get opacityMapUv() {
+        return this._opacityMapUv;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the roughness of the material, from 0 (shiny) to 1 (rough). This is an alias for `gloss`
+     * that also inverts the gloss channel, so do not combine it with the `gloss` attributes.
+     * @param value - The roughness.
+     */
+    set roughness(value) {
+        this.gloss = value;
+        this.glossInvert = true;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the roughness of the material.
+     * @returns The roughness.
+     */
+    get roughness() {
+        return this._gloss;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the id of the `pc-asset` to use as the roughness map. This is an alias for `glossMap`
+     * that also inverts the gloss channel, so do not combine it with the `gloss` attributes.
+     * @param value - The asset id.
+     */
+    set roughnessMap(value) {
+        this.glossMap = value;
+        this.glossInvert = true;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the roughness map.
+     * @returns The asset id.
+     */
+    get roughnessMap() {
+        return this._glossMap;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the depth offset applied in proportion to a surface's slope, used to resolve z-fighting.
+     * @param value - The slope depth bias.
+     */
+    set slopeDepthBias(value) {
+        this._slopeDepthBias = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.slopeDepthBias = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the depth offset applied in proportion to a surface's slope.
+     * @returns The slope depth bias.
+     */
+    get slopeDepthBias() {
+        return this._slopeDepthBias;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the specular color of the material, which applies only when the metalness workflow is
+     * disabled or `use-metalness-specular-color` is enabled.
+     * @param value - The specular color.
+     */
+    set specular(value) {
+        this._specular = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.specular = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the specular color of the material, which applies only when the metalness workflow is
+     * disabled or `use-metalness-specular-color` is enabled.
+     * @returns The specular color.
+     */
+    get specular() {
+        return this._specular;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the strength of specular reflections at direct angles, from 0 to 1, which applies only
+     * when `use-metalness-specular-color` is enabled.
+     * @param value - The specularity factor.
+     */
+    set specularityFactor(value) {
+        this._specularityFactor = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.specularityFactor = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
         }
     }
-    createMaterial() {
-        this.material = new StandardMaterial();
-        this.material.glossInvert = false;
-        this.material.useMetalness = false;
-        this.material.diffuse = this._diffuse;
-        this.diffuseMap = this._diffuseMap;
-        this.metalnessMap = this._metalnessMap;
-        this.normalMap = this._normalMap;
-        this.roughnessMap = this._roughnessMap;
-        this.material.update();
+    /**
+     * Gets the strength of specular reflections at direct angles, which applies only when
+     * `use-metalness-specular-color` is enabled.
+     * @returns The specularity factor.
+     */
+    get specularityFactor() {
+        return this._specularityFactor;
     }
-    disconnectedCallback() {
+    /**
+     * Sets whether back faces are lit as though their normals were flipped.
+     * @param value - The two sided lighting flag.
+     */
+    set twoSidedLighting(value) {
+        this._twoSidedLighting = value;
         if (this.material) {
-            this.material.destroy();
-            this.material = null;
+            this.material.twoSidedLighting = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
         }
     }
-    setMap(map, property) {
+    /**
+     * Gets whether back faces are lit as though their normals were flipped.
+     * @returns The two sided lighting flag.
+     */
+    get twoSidedLighting() {
+        return this._twoSidedLighting;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the material is affected by scene fog.
+     * @param value - The use fog flag.
+     */
+    set useFog(value) {
+        this._useFog = value;
         if (this.material) {
-            const asset = AssetElement.get(map);
-            if (asset) {
-                if (asset.loaded) {
-                    this.material[property] = asset.resource;
-                    this.material[property].anisotropy = 4;
-                }
-                else {
-                    asset.once('load', () => {
-                        this.material[property] = asset.resource;
-                        this.material[property].anisotropy = 4;
-                        this.material.update();
-                    });
-                }
-            }
+            this.material.useFog = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
         }
     }
-    set diffuse(value) {
-        this._diffuse = value;
+    /**
+     * Gets whether the material is affected by scene fog.
+     * @returns The use fog flag.
+     */
+    get useFog() {
+        return this._useFog;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the material is affected by scene lights. When disabled the material renders
+     * unlit, using the diffuse color and map alone.
+     * @param value - The use lighting flag.
+     */
+    set useLighting(value) {
+        this._useLighting = value;
         if (this.material) {
-            this.material.diffuse = value;
+            this.material.useLighting = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
         }
     }
-    get diffuse() {
-        return this._diffuse;
+    /**
+     * Gets whether the material is affected by scene lights.
+     * @returns The use lighting flag.
+     */
+    get useLighting() {
+        return this._useLighting;
     }
-    set diffuseMap(value) {
-        this._diffuseMap = value;
-        this.setMap(value, 'diffuseMap');
+    /**
+     * Sets whether to use the metalness workflow rather than the older specular workflow. Unlike a
+     * bare `StandardMaterial` this defaults to `true`, because the `metalness-*` attributes have no
+     * effect without it.
+     * @param value - The use metalness flag.
+     */
+    set useMetalness(value) {
+        this._useMetalness = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.useMetalness = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
     }
-    get diffuseMap() {
-        return this._diffuseMap;
+    /**
+     * Gets whether to use the metalness workflow.
+     * @returns The use metalness flag.
+     */
+    get useMetalness() {
+        return this._useMetalness;
     }
-    set metalnessMap(value) {
-        this._metalnessMap = value;
-        this.setMap(value, 'metalnessMap');
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the specular color tints reflections while the metalness workflow is in use.
+     * @param value - The use metalness specular color flag.
+     */
+    set useMetalnessSpecularColor(value) {
+        this._useMetalnessSpecularColor = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.useMetalnessSpecularColor = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
     }
-    get metalnessMap() {
-        return this._metalnessMap;
+    /**
+     * Gets whether the specular color tints reflections while the metalness workflow is in use.
+     * @returns The use metalness specular color flag.
+     */
+    get useMetalnessSpecularColor() {
+        return this._useMetalnessSpecularColor;
     }
-    set normalMap(value) {
-        this._normalMap = value;
-        this.setMap(value, 'normalMap');
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the material is lit by the scene's skybox.
+     * @param value - The use skybox flag.
+     */
+    set useSkybox(value) {
+        this._useSkybox = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.useSkybox = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
     }
-    get normalMap() {
-        return this._normalMap;
+    /**
+     * Gets whether the material is lit by the scene's skybox.
+     * @returns The use skybox flag.
+     */
+    get useSkybox() {
+        return this._useSkybox;
     }
-    set roughnessMap(value) {
-        this._roughnessMap = value;
-        this.setMap(value, 'glossMap');
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the camera's tone mapping is applied to the material.
+     * @param value - The use tonemap flag.
+     */
+    set useTonemap(value) {
+        this._useTonemap = value;
+        if (this.material) {
+            this.material.useTonemap = value;
+            this._scheduleUpdate();
+        }
     }
-    get roughnessMap() {
-        return this._roughnessMap;
+    /**
+     * Gets whether the camera's tone mapping is applied to the material.
+     * @returns The use tonemap flag.
+     */
+    get useTonemap() {
+        return this._useTonemap;
     }
     static get(id) {
         const materialElement = document.querySelector(`pc-material[id="${id}"]`);
-        return materialElement === null || materialElement === void 0 ? void 0 : materialElement.material;
+        return materialElement?.material;
     }
     static get observedAttributes() {
-        return ['diffuse', 'diffuse-map', 'metalness-map', 'normal-map', 'roughness-map'];
+        return [
+            'alpha-test',
+            'alpha-to-coverage',
+            'ao-intensity',
+            'ao-map',
+            'ao-map-channel',
+            'ao-map-offset',
+            'ao-map-rotation',
+            'ao-map-tiling',
+            'ao-map-uv',
+            'blend-type',
+            'bumpiness',
+            'cull',
+            'depth-bias',
+            'depth-test',
+            'depth-write',
+            'diffuse',
+            'diffuse-map',
+            'diffuse-map-channel',
+            'diffuse-map-offset',
+            'diffuse-map-rotation',
+            'diffuse-map-tiling',
+            'diffuse-map-uv',
+            'emissive',
+            'emissive-intensity',
+            'emissive-map',
+            'emissive-map-channel',
+            'emissive-map-offset',
+            'emissive-map-rotation',
+            'emissive-map-tiling',
+            'emissive-map-uv',
+            'enable-ggx-specular',
+            'fresnel-model',
+            'gloss',
+            'gloss-invert',
+            'gloss-map',
+            'gloss-map-channel',
+            'gloss-map-offset',
+            'gloss-map-rotation',
+            'gloss-map-tiling',
+            'gloss-map-uv',
+            'height-map',
+            'height-map-channel',
+            'height-map-factor',
+            'height-map-offset',
+            'height-map-rotation',
+            'height-map-tiling',
+            'height-map-uv',
+            'metalness',
+            'metalness-map',
+            'metalness-map-channel',
+            'metalness-map-offset',
+            'metalness-map-rotation',
+            'metalness-map-tiling',
+            'metalness-map-uv',
+            'normal-map',
+            'normal-map-offset',
+            'normal-map-rotation',
+            'normal-map-tiling',
+            'normal-map-uv',
+            'occlude-direct',
+            'occlude-specular',
+            'opacity',
+            'opacity-dither',
+            'opacity-fades-specular',
+            'opacity-map',
+            'opacity-map-channel',
+            'opacity-map-offset',
+            'opacity-map-rotation',
+            'opacity-map-tiling',
+            'opacity-map-uv',
+            'roughness',
+            'roughness-map',
+            'slope-depth-bias',
+            'specular',
+            'specularity-factor',
+            'two-sided-lighting',
+            'use-fog',
+            'use-lighting',
+            'use-metalness',
+            'use-metalness-specular-color',
+            'use-skybox',
+            'use-tonemap'
+        ];
     }
+    // newValue is null when an attribute is removed, which several branches below rely on. The
+    // other elements still declare it as `string`; widening those surfaces 21 real removal bugs of
+    // the #309 shape, which is its own change rather than a signature tweak.
     attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue) {
         switch (name) {
+            case 'alpha-test':
+                this.alphaTest = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'alpha-to-coverage':
+                this.alphaToCoverage = parseBool(newValue, false);
+                break;
+            case 'ao-intensity':
+                this.aoIntensity = parseNumber(newValue, 1, name);
+                break;
+            case 'ao-map':
+                this.aoMap = newValue ?? '';
+                break;
+            case 'ao-map-channel':
+                this.aoMapChannel = parseEnum(newValue, scalarChannels, 'g', name);
+                break;
+            case 'ao-map-offset':
+                this.aoMapOffset = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(0, 0), name);
+                break;
+            case 'ao-map-rotation':
+                this.aoMapRotation = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'ao-map-tiling':
+                this.aoMapTiling = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(1, 1), name);
+                break;
+            case 'ao-map-uv':
+                this.aoMapUv = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'blend-type':
+                this.blendType = parseEnum(newValue, blendTypes, 'none', name);
+                break;
+            case 'bumpiness':
+                this.bumpiness = parseNumber(newValue, 1, name);
+                break;
+            case 'cull':
+                this.cull = parseEnum(newValue, cullModes, 'back', name);
+                break;
+            case 'depth-bias':
+                this.depthBias = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'depth-test':
+                this.depthTest = parseBool(newValue, true);
+                break;
+            case 'depth-write':
+                this.depthWrite = parseBool(newValue, true);
+                break;
             case 'diffuse':
-                this.diffuse = parseColor(newValue, Color.WHITE, name);
+                this.diffuse = parseColor(newValue, new Color(1, 1, 1), name);
                 break;
             case 'diffuse-map':
-                this.diffuseMap = newValue;
+                this.diffuseMap = newValue ?? '';
+                break;
+            case 'diffuse-map-channel':
+                this.diffuseMapChannel = parseEnum(newValue, colorChannels, 'rgb', name);
+                break;
+            case 'diffuse-map-offset':
+                this.diffuseMapOffset = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(0, 0), name);
+                break;
+            case 'diffuse-map-rotation':
+                this.diffuseMapRotation = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'diffuse-map-tiling':
+                this.diffuseMapTiling = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(1, 1), name);
+                break;
+            case 'diffuse-map-uv':
+                this.diffuseMapUv = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'emissive':
+                this.emissive = parseColor(newValue, new Color(0, 0, 0), name);
+                break;
+            case 'emissive-intensity':
+                this.emissiveIntensity = parseNumber(newValue, 1, name);
+                break;
+            case 'emissive-map':
+                this.emissiveMap = newValue ?? '';
+                break;
+            case 'emissive-map-channel':
+                this.emissiveMapChannel = parseEnum(newValue, colorChannels, 'rgb', name);
+                break;
+            case 'emissive-map-offset':
+                this.emissiveMapOffset = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(0, 0), name);
+                break;
+            case 'emissive-map-rotation':
+                this.emissiveMapRotation = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'emissive-map-tiling':
+                this.emissiveMapTiling = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(1, 1), name);
+                break;
+            case 'emissive-map-uv':
+                this.emissiveMapUv = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'enable-ggx-specular':
+                this.enableGGXSpecular = parseBool(newValue, false);
+                break;
+            case 'fresnel-model':
+                this.fresnelModel = parseEnum(newValue, fresnelModels, 'schlick', name);
+                break;
+            case 'gloss':
+                this.gloss = parseNumber(newValue, 0.25, name);
+                this._warnGlossConflict();
+                break;
+            case 'gloss-invert':
+                this.glossInvert = parseBool(newValue, false);
+                this._warnGlossConflict();
+                break;
+            case 'gloss-map':
+                this.glossMap = newValue ?? '';
+                this._warnGlossConflict();
+                break;
+            case 'gloss-map-channel':
+                this.glossMapChannel = parseEnum(newValue, scalarChannels, 'g', name);
+                break;
+            case 'gloss-map-offset':
+                this.glossMapOffset = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(0, 0), name);
+                break;
+            case 'gloss-map-rotation':
+                this.glossMapRotation = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'gloss-map-tiling':
+                this.glossMapTiling = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(1, 1), name);
+                break;
+            case 'gloss-map-uv':
+                this.glossMapUv = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'height-map':
+                this.heightMap = newValue ?? '';
+                break;
+            case 'height-map-channel':
+                this.heightMapChannel = parseEnum(newValue, scalarChannels, 'g', name);
+                break;
+            case 'height-map-factor':
+                this.heightMapFactor = parseNumber(newValue, 1, name);
+                break;
+            case 'height-map-offset':
+                this.heightMapOffset = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(0, 0), name);
+                break;
+            case 'height-map-rotation':
+                this.heightMapRotation = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'height-map-tiling':
+                this.heightMapTiling = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(1, 1), name);
+                break;
+            case 'height-map-uv':
+                this.heightMapUv = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'metalness':
+                this.metalness = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
                 break;
             case 'metalness-map':
-                this.metalnessMap = newValue;
+                this.metalnessMap = newValue ?? '';
+                break;
+            case 'metalness-map-channel':
+                this.metalnessMapChannel = parseEnum(newValue, scalarChannels, 'g', name);
+                break;
+            case 'metalness-map-offset':
+                this.metalnessMapOffset = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(0, 0), name);
+                break;
+            case 'metalness-map-rotation':
+                this.metalnessMapRotation = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'metalness-map-tiling':
+                this.metalnessMapTiling = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(1, 1), name);
+                break;
+            case 'metalness-map-uv':
+                this.metalnessMapUv = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
                 break;
             case 'normal-map':
-                this.normalMap = newValue;
+                this.normalMap = newValue ?? '';
+                break;
+            case 'normal-map-offset':
+                this.normalMapOffset = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(0, 0), name);
+                break;
+            case 'normal-map-rotation':
+                this.normalMapRotation = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'normal-map-tiling':
+                this.normalMapTiling = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(1, 1), name);
+                break;
+            case 'normal-map-uv':
+                this.normalMapUv = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'occlude-direct':
+                this.occludeDirect = parseBool(newValue, false);
+                break;
+            case 'occlude-specular':
+                this.occludeSpecular = parseEnum(newValue, occludeSpeculars, 'ao', name);
+                break;
+            case 'opacity':
+                this.opacity = parseNumber(newValue, 1, name);
+                break;
+            case 'opacity-dither':
+                this.opacityDither = parseEnum(newValue, opacityDithers, 'none', name);
+                break;
+            case 'opacity-fades-specular':
+                this.opacityFadesSpecular = parseBool(newValue, true);
+                break;
+            case 'opacity-map':
+                this.opacityMap = newValue ?? '';
+                break;
+            case 'opacity-map-channel':
+                this.opacityMapChannel = parseEnum(newValue, scalarChannels, 'a', name);
+                break;
+            case 'opacity-map-offset':
+                this.opacityMapOffset = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(0, 0), name);
+                break;
+            case 'opacity-map-rotation':
+                this.opacityMapRotation = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'opacity-map-tiling':
+                this.opacityMapTiling = parseVec2(newValue, new Vec2(1, 1), name);
+                break;
+            case 'opacity-map-uv':
+                this.opacityMapUv = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'roughness':
+                // Aliases gloss, and inverts it so the value reads as roughness. Removing the
+                // attribute restores the engine's uninverted interpretation.
+                this.gloss = parseNumber(newValue, 0.25, name);
+                this.glossInvert = newValue !== null;
+                this._warnGlossConflict();
                 break;
             case 'roughness-map':
-                this.roughnessMap = newValue;
+                this.glossMap = newValue ?? '';
+                this.glossInvert = newValue !== null;
+                this._warnGlossConflict();
+                break;
+            case 'slope-depth-bias':
+                this.slopeDepthBias = parseNumber(newValue, 0, name);
+                break;
+            case 'specular':
+                this.specular = parseColor(newValue, new Color(0, 0, 0), name);
+                break;
+            case 'specularity-factor':
+                this.specularityFactor = parseNumber(newValue, 1, name);
+                break;
+            case 'two-sided-lighting':
+                this.twoSidedLighting = parseBool(newValue, false);
+                break;
+            case 'use-fog':
+                this.useFog = parseBool(newValue, true);
+                break;
+            case 'use-lighting':
+                this.useLighting = parseBool(newValue, true);
+                break;
+            case 'use-metalness':
+                this.useMetalness = parseBool(newValue, true);
+                break;
+            case 'use-metalness-specular-color':
+                this.useMetalnessSpecularColor = parseBool(newValue, false);
+                break;
+            case 'use-skybox':
+                this.useSkybox = parseBool(newValue, true);
+                break;
+            case 'use-tonemap':
+                this.useTonemap = parseBool(newValue, true);
                 break;
         }
     }
@@ -4763,13 +7107,13 @@ customElements.define('pc-material', MaterialElement);
  * @category Components
  */
 class RenderComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    _castShadows = true;
+    _material = '';
+    _receiveShadows = true;
+    _type = 'box';
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('render');
-        this._castShadows = true;
-        this._material = '';
-        this._receiveShadows = true;
-        this._type = 'box';
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
         return {
@@ -4826,8 +7170,13 @@ class RenderComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      */
     set material(value) {
         this._material = value;
-        if (this.component) {
-            this.component.material = MaterialElement.get(value);
+        const material = MaterialElement.get(value);
+        // Guarded like every other reference attribute in the library. Assigning an unresolved
+        // lookup used to write `undefined` straight through to every mesh instance, and the
+        // engine's MeshInstance setter takes that literally - it clears the material and skips
+        // the ref/transparency/key bookkeeping, leaving the mesh with no material at all.
+        if (this.component && material) {
+            this.component.material = material;
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -4864,7 +7213,7 @@ class RenderComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
                 this.castShadows = parseBool(newValue, true);
                 break;
             case 'material':
-                this.material = newValue;
+                this.material = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'receive-shadows':
                 this.receiveShadows = parseBool(newValue, true);
@@ -4886,45 +7235,45 @@ customElements.define('pc-render', RenderComponentElement);
  * @category Components
  */
 class RigidBodyComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    /**
+     * The angular damping of the rigidbody.
+     */
+    _angularDamping = 0;
+    /**
+     * The angular factor of the rigidbody.
+     */
+    _angularFactor = new Vec3(1, 1, 1);
+    /**
+     * The friction of the rigidbody.
+     */
+    _friction = 0.5;
+    /**
+     * The linear damping of the rigidbody.
+     */
+    _linearDamping = 0;
+    /**
+     * The linear factor of the rigidbody.
+     */
+    _linearFactor = new Vec3(1, 1, 1);
+    /**
+     * The mass of the rigidbody.
+     */
+    _mass = 1;
+    /**
+     * The restitution of the rigidbody.
+     */
+    _restitution = 0;
+    /**
+     * The rolling friction of the rigidbody.
+     */
+    _rollingFriction = 0;
+    /**
+     * The type of the rigidbody.
+     */
+    _type = 'static';
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('rigidbody');
-        /**
-         * The angular damping of the rigidbody.
-         */
-        this._angularDamping = 0;
-        /**
-         * The angular factor of the rigidbody.
-         */
-        this._angularFactor = new Vec3(1, 1, 1);
-        /**
-         * The friction of the rigidbody.
-         */
-        this._friction = 0.5;
-        /**
-         * The linear damping of the rigidbody.
-         */
-        this._linearDamping = 0;
-        /**
-         * The linear factor of the rigidbody.
-         */
-        this._linearFactor = new Vec3(1, 1, 1);
-        /**
-         * The mass of the rigidbody.
-         */
-        this._mass = 1;
-        /**
-         * The restitution of the rigidbody.
-         */
-        this._restitution = 0;
-        /**
-         * The rolling friction of the rigidbody.
-         */
-        this._rollingFriction = 0;
-        /**
-         * The type of the rigidbody.
-         */
-        this._type = 'static';
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
         return {
@@ -5074,15 +7423,15 @@ customElements.define('pc-rigidbody', RigidBodyComponentElement);
  * @category Components
  */
 class ScreenComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    _screenSpace = false;
+    _resolution = new Vec2(640, 320);
+    _referenceResolution = new Vec2(640, 320);
+    _priority = 0;
+    _blend = false;
+    _scaleBlend = 0.5;
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('screen');
-        this._screenSpace = false;
-        this._resolution = new Vec2(640, 320);
-        this._referenceResolution = new Vec2(640, 320);
-        this._priority = 0;
-        this._blend = false;
-        this._scaleBlend = 0.5;
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
         return {
@@ -5205,13 +7554,13 @@ const orientations = new Map([
  * @category Components
  */
 class ScrollbarComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    _orientation = 'horizontal';
+    _value = 0;
+    _handleSize = 0.5;
+    _handle = '';
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('scrollbar');
-        this._orientation = 'horizontal';
-        this._value = 0;
-        this._handleSize = 0.5;
-        this._handle = '';
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
         const data = {
@@ -5238,10 +7587,9 @@ class ScrollbarComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      * @param value - The orientation.
      */
     set orientation(value) {
-        var _a;
         this._orientation = value;
         if (this.component) {
-            this.component.orientation = (_a = orientations.get(value)) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL;
+            this.component.orientation = orientations.get(value) ?? ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL;
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -5326,7 +7674,7 @@ class ScrollbarComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
                 this.handleSize = parseNumber(newValue, 0.5, name);
                 break;
             case 'handle':
-                this.handle = newValue;
+                this.handle = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
         }
     }
@@ -5351,22 +7699,22 @@ const visibilities = new Map([
  * @category Components
  */
 class ScrollViewComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    _horizontal = true;
+    _vertical = true;
+    _scrollMode = 'bounce';
+    _bounceAmount = 0.1;
+    _friction = 0.05;
+    _useMouseWheel = true;
+    _mouseWheelSensitivity = new Vec2(1, 1);
+    _horizontalScrollbarVisibility = 'when-required';
+    _verticalScrollbarVisibility = 'when-required';
+    _viewport = '';
+    _content = '';
+    _horizontalScrollbar = '';
+    _verticalScrollbar = '';
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('scrollview');
-        this._horizontal = true;
-        this._vertical = true;
-        this._scrollMode = 'bounce';
-        this._bounceAmount = 0.1;
-        this._friction = 0.05;
-        this._useMouseWheel = true;
-        this._mouseWheelSensitivity = new Vec2(1, 1);
-        this._horizontalScrollbarVisibility = 'when-required';
-        this._verticalScrollbarVisibility = 'when-required';
-        this._viewport = '';
-        this._content = '';
-        this._horizontalScrollbar = '';
-        this._verticalScrollbar = '';
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
         const data = {
@@ -5445,10 +7793,9 @@ class ScrollViewComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      * @param value - The scroll mode.
      */
     set scrollMode(value) {
-        var _a;
         this._scrollMode = value;
         if (this.component) {
-            this.component.scrollMode = (_a = scrollModes.get(value)) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : SCROLL_MODE_BOUNCE;
+            this.component.scrollMode = scrollModes.get(value) ?? SCROLL_MODE_BOUNCE;
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -5534,10 +7881,9 @@ class ScrollViewComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      * @param value - The horizontal scrollbar visibility.
      */
     set horizontalScrollbarVisibility(value) {
-        var _a;
         this._horizontalScrollbarVisibility = value;
         if (this.component) {
-            this.component.horizontalScrollbarVisibility = (_a = visibilities.get(value)) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_WHEN_REQUIRED;
+            this.component.horizontalScrollbarVisibility = visibilities.get(value) ?? SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_WHEN_REQUIRED;
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -5553,10 +7899,9 @@ class ScrollViewComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      * @param value - The vertical scrollbar visibility.
      */
     set verticalScrollbarVisibility(value) {
-        var _a;
         this._verticalScrollbarVisibility = value;
         if (this.component) {
-            this.component.verticalScrollbarVisibility = (_a = visibilities.get(value)) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_WHEN_REQUIRED;
+            this.component.verticalScrollbarVisibility = visibilities.get(value) ?? SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_WHEN_REQUIRED;
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -5691,16 +8036,16 @@ class ScrollViewComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
                 this.verticalScrollbarVisibility = parseEnum(newValue, visibilities, 'when-required', name);
                 break;
             case 'viewport':
-                this.viewport = newValue;
+                this.viewport = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'content':
-                this.content = newValue;
+                this.content = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'horizontal-scrollbar':
-                this.horizontalScrollbar = newValue;
+                this.horizontalScrollbar = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'vertical-scrollbar':
-                this.verticalScrollbar = newValue;
+                this.verticalScrollbar = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
         }
     }
@@ -5732,24 +8077,28 @@ customElements.define('pc-scrollview', ScrollViewComponentElement);
  *
  * The element becomes ready once its script instance has been created by the parent
  * `<pc-scripts>` element.
+ *
+ * @fires {CustomEvent} scriptattributeschange - Fired when the script's attributes change. The
+ * `detail` carries the new `attributes` object. Bubbles.
+ * @fires {CustomEvent} scriptenablechange - Fired when the script's enabled state changes. The
+ * `detail` carries the new `enabled` state. Bubbles.
+ * @fires {CustomEvent} scriptnamechange - Fired when the script is renamed on a live element. The
+ * `detail` carries `oldName` and `newName`. Bubbles.
  */
 class ScriptElement extends AsyncElement {
-    constructor() {
-        super(...arguments);
-        this._attributes = {};
-        this._enabled = true;
-        /**
-         * Whether readiness has been signalled. Creation can happen more than once over an
-         * element's life (a runtime `name` change recreates the instance), but `ready` is a
-         * one-shot signal, so only the first successful creation fires it.
-         */
-        this._readySignalled = false;
-        /**
-         * The Script instance created for this element by its parent `<pc-scripts>` element.
-         * @ignore
-         */
-        this._script = null;
-    }
+    _attributes = {};
+    _enabled = true;
+    /**
+     * Whether readiness has been signalled. Creation can happen more than once over an
+     * element's life (a runtime `name` change recreates the instance), but `ready` is a
+     * one-shot signal, so only the first successful creation fires it.
+     */
+    _readySignalled = false;
+    /**
+     * The Script instance created for this element by its parent `<pc-scripts>` element.
+     * @ignore
+     */
+    _script = null;
     /**
      * Sets the attributes of the script as an object. Values are converted with the same rules
      * as the `attributes` attribute: `asset:`/`entity:` references and `vec2:`/`vec3:`/`vec4:`/
@@ -5759,7 +8108,7 @@ class ScriptElement extends AsyncElement {
      * @param value - The attributes of the script.
      */
     set scriptAttributes(value) {
-        this._attributes = value !== null && value !== void 0 ? value : {};
+        this._attributes = value ?? {};
         this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('scriptattributeschange', {
             detail: { attributes: this._attributes },
             bubbles: true
@@ -5811,8 +8160,7 @@ class ScriptElement extends AsyncElement {
      * @returns The name.
      */
     get name() {
-        var _a;
-        return (_a = this.getAttribute('name')) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : '';
+        return this.getAttribute('name') ?? '';
     }
     /**
      * Gets the {@link Script} instance created for this element. Returns `null` until the
@@ -5824,10 +8172,9 @@ class ScriptElement extends AsyncElement {
         return this._script;
     }
     connectedCallback() {
-        var _a;
         // Script instances are created by the parent pc-scripts element, so an element placed
         // anywhere else is inert and never becomes ready - warn rather than hang silently
-        if (((_a = this.parentElement) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.tagName) !== 'PC-SCRIPTS') {
+        if (this.parentElement?.tagName !== 'PC-SCRIPTS') {
             console.warn(`pc-script '${this.getAttribute('name')}' must be a direct child of pc-scripts - script not created`);
         }
     }
@@ -5979,8 +8326,7 @@ const vectorConversion = (length, Ctor) => {
  * @returns The color, or `raw`.
  */
 const colorConversion = (rest, raw) => {
-    var _a;
-    const components = (_a = parseComponents(rest, 4)) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : parseComponents(rest, 3);
+    const components = parseComponents(rest, 4) ?? parseComponents(rest, 3);
     if (components) {
         return new Color(components);
     }
@@ -5988,7 +8334,7 @@ const colorConversion = (rest, raw) => {
     return raw;
 };
 /**
- * The conversion prefixes recognised in script attribute values, mapped to the conversion each
+ * The conversion prefixes recognized in script attribute values, mapped to the conversion each
  * performs. These keys are the single source of truth for the prefix vocabulary: they drive both
  * the conversion in `convertAttributes` and the has-a-prefix test in `setScriptProperty`, so a
  * prefix added here is automatically known to both.
@@ -6004,10 +8350,10 @@ const CONVERSIONS = new Map([
 /**
  * Matches a value against the conversion prefixes. A prefix is the text before the first colon,
  * so a value whose remainder itself contains colons (`asset:a:b`) still resolves, and a value
- * with an unrecognised prefix (`https://...`) or no colon does not match.
+ * with an unrecognized prefix (`https://...`) or no colon does not match.
  * @param value - The value to inspect.
  * @returns The matching converter and the text after the prefix, or `null` if the value carries
- * no recognised prefix.
+ * no recognized prefix.
  */
 const matchConversion = (value) => {
     const index = value.indexOf(':');
@@ -6046,6 +8392,7 @@ const findCaseMatch = (script, key) => {
  * @category Components
  */
 class ScriptComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    observer;
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('script');
@@ -6300,8 +8647,7 @@ class ScriptComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      * @param scriptElement - The `pc-script` element holding the attributes.
      */
     applyInlineAttributes(script, scriptElement) {
-        var _a;
-        const scriptName = (_a = scriptElement.getAttribute('name')) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : '';
+        const scriptName = scriptElement.getAttribute('name') ?? '';
         for (const attr of Array.from(scriptElement.attributes)) {
             if (!isReservedAttribute(attr.name)) {
                 this.setScriptProperty(script, scriptName, attr.name, attr.value);
@@ -6316,7 +8662,6 @@ class ScriptComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      * @param attributeName - The name of the changed attribute.
      */
     applyScriptProperty(scriptElement, attributeName) {
-        var _a;
         const script = this.scriptFor(scriptElement);
         if (!script)
             return;
@@ -6329,7 +8674,7 @@ class ScriptComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
             }
             return;
         }
-        this.setScriptProperty(script, (_a = scriptElement.getAttribute('name')) !== null && _a !== void 0 ? _a : '', attributeName, value);
+        this.setScriptProperty(script, scriptElement.getAttribute('name') ?? '', attributeName, value);
     }
     /**
      * Applies one attribute string to a script property. A string-typed attribute takes the
@@ -6444,9 +8789,8 @@ class ScriptComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
         }
     }
     disconnectedCallback() {
-        var _a;
         this.observer.disconnect();
-        (_a = super.disconnectedCallback) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.call(this);
+        super.disconnectedCallback?.();
     }
     /**
      * Gets the underlying PlayCanvas script component.
@@ -6467,16 +8811,16 @@ customElements.define('pc-scripts', ScriptComponentElement);
  * @category Components
  */
 class SoundComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    _distanceModel = 'linear';
+    _maxDistance = 10000;
+    _pitch = 1;
+    _positional = false;
+    _refDistance = 1;
+    _rollOffFactor = 1;
+    _volume = 1;
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('sound');
-        this._distanceModel = 'linear';
-        this._maxDistance = 10000;
-        this._pitch = 1;
-        this._positional = false;
-        this._refDistance = 1;
-        this._rollOffFactor = 1;
-        this._volume = 1;
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
         return {
@@ -6662,25 +9006,37 @@ customElements.define('pc-sounds', SoundComponentElement);
  * methods of the {@link AsyncElement} interface.
  */
 class SoundSlotElement extends AsyncElement {
-    constructor() {
-        super(...arguments);
-        this._asset = '';
-        this._autoPlay = false;
-        this._duration = null;
-        this._loop = false;
-        this._name = '';
-        this._overlap = false;
-        this._pitch = 1;
-        this._startTime = 0;
-        this._volume = 1;
-        /**
-         * The sound slot.
-         */
-        this.soundSlot = null;
-    }
+    _asset = '';
+    _autoPlay = false;
+    _duration = null;
+    _loop = false;
+    _name = '';
+    _overlap = false;
+    _pitch = 1;
+    _startTime = 0;
+    _volume = 1;
+    /**
+     * The `<pc-sounds>` this slot was added to, captured at connect time.
+     *
+     * `disconnectedCallback` cannot rediscover it: by the time the element is disconnected its
+     * `parentElement` is already `null`, so a lookup would both fail to find the component and
+     * emit a misleading "must be a direct child" warning for what is an ordinary removal.
+     */
+    _soundElement = null;
+    /**
+     * The sound slot.
+     */
+    soundSlot = null;
     async connectedCallback() {
-        var _a;
-        await ((_a = this.soundElement) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.ready());
+        const soundElement = this.soundElement;
+        await soundElement?.ready();
+        // The element may have been removed, or its parent torn down, while we were waiting. A
+        // <pc-app> disconnects before its children, so by the time we resume the component can
+        // already be gone - see the matching guard in disconnectedCallback below.
+        const component = soundElement?.component;
+        if (!this.isConnected || !component) {
+            return;
+        }
         const options = {
             autoPlay: this._autoPlay,
             loop: this._loop,
@@ -6692,7 +9048,8 @@ class SoundSlotElement extends AsyncElement {
         if (this._duration) {
             options.duration = this._duration;
         }
-        this.soundSlot = this.soundElement.component.addSlot(this._name, options);
+        this._soundElement = soundElement;
+        this.soundSlot = component.addSlot(this._name, options);
         this.asset = this._asset;
         if (this._autoPlay) {
             this.soundSlot.play();
@@ -6700,10 +9057,12 @@ class SoundSlotElement extends AsyncElement {
         this._onReady();
     }
     disconnectedCallback() {
-        var _a, _b;
-        // The component is null if the parent <pc-sound> (or the whole <pc-app>) is being
-        // torn down — parents disconnect first and have already removed the component.
-        (_b = (_a = this.soundElement) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.component) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.removeSlot(this._name);
+        // Uses the cached parent rather than a fresh lookup, since parentElement is already null
+        // by now. The component itself is null if the parent <pc-sound> (or the whole <pc-app>) is
+        // being torn down — parents disconnect first and have already removed the component.
+        this._soundElement?.component?.removeSlot(this._name);
+        this._soundElement = null;
+        this.soundSlot = null;
     }
     get soundElement() {
         const soundElement = this.parentElement;
@@ -6718,10 +9077,9 @@ class SoundSlotElement extends AsyncElement {
      * @param value - The asset.
      */
     set asset(value) {
-        var _a;
         this._asset = value;
         if (this.soundSlot) {
-            const id = (_a = AssetElement.get(value)) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.id;
+            const id = AssetElement.get(value)?.id;
             if (id) {
                 this.soundSlot.asset = id;
             }
@@ -6876,7 +9234,7 @@ class SoundSlotElement extends AsyncElement {
     attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue) {
         switch (name) {
             case 'asset':
-                this.asset = newValue;
+                this.asset = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'auto-play':
                 this.autoPlay = parseBool(newValue, false);
@@ -6888,7 +9246,7 @@ class SoundSlotElement extends AsyncElement {
                 this.loop = parseBool(newValue, false);
                 break;
             case 'name':
-                this.name = newValue;
+                this.name = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'overlap':
                 this.overlap = parseBool(newValue, false);
@@ -6916,15 +9274,15 @@ customElements.define('pc-sound', SoundSlotElement);
  * @category Components
  */
 class GSplatComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
+    _asset = '';
+    _castShadows = false;
+    _lodBaseDistance = 5;
+    _lodMultiplier = 3;
+    _lodRangeMin = 0;
+    _lodRangeMax = 99;
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super('gsplat');
-        this._asset = '';
-        this._castShadows = false;
-        this._lodBaseDistance = 5;
-        this._lodMultiplier = 3;
-        this._lodRangeMin = 0;
-        this._lodRangeMax = 99;
     }
     getInitialComponentData() {
         return {
@@ -7073,7 +9431,7 @@ class GSplatComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
         super.attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue);
         switch (name) {
             case 'asset':
-                this.asset = newValue;
+                this.asset = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'cast-shadows':
                 this.castShadows = parseBool(newValue, false);
@@ -7102,11 +9460,8 @@ customElements.define('pc-gsplat', GSplatComponentElement);
  * {@link HTMLElement} interface.
  */
 class ModelElement extends AsyncElement {
-    constructor() {
-        super(...arguments);
-        this._asset = '';
-        this._entity = null;
-    }
+    _asset = '';
+    _entity = null;
     connectedCallback() {
         this._loadModel();
         this._onReady();
@@ -7138,10 +9493,9 @@ class ModelElement extends AsyncElement {
         }
     }
     async _loadModel() {
-        var _a;
         this._unloadModel();
-        const appElement = await ((_a = this.closestApp) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.ready());
-        const app = appElement === null || appElement === void 0 ? void 0 : appElement.app;
+        const appElement = await this.closestApp?.ready();
+        const app = appElement?.app;
         const asset = AssetElement.get(this._asset);
         if (!asset) {
             return;
@@ -7157,8 +9511,7 @@ class ModelElement extends AsyncElement {
         }
     }
     _unloadModel() {
-        var _a;
-        (_a = this._entity) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.destroy();
+        this._entity?.destroy();
         this._entity = null;
     }
     /**
@@ -7184,7 +9537,7 @@ class ModelElement extends AsyncElement {
     attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue) {
         switch (name) {
             case 'asset':
-                this.asset = newValue;
+                this.asset = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
         }
     }
@@ -7198,60 +9551,84 @@ customElements.define('pc-model', ModelElement);
  * {@link HTMLElement} interface.
  */
 class SceneElement extends AsyncElement {
-    constructor() {
-        super(...arguments);
-        /**
-         * The fog type of the scene.
-         */
-        this._fog = 'none';
-        /**
-         * The color of the fog.
-         */
-        this._fogColor = new Color(1, 1, 1);
-        /**
-         * The density of the fog.
-         */
-        this._fogDensity = 0;
-        /**
-         * The start distance of the fog.
-         */
-        this._fogStart = 0;
-        /**
-         * The end distance of the fog.
-         */
-        this._fogEnd = 1000;
-        /**
-         * The gravity of the scene.
-         */
-        this._gravity = new Vec3(0, -9.81, 0);
-        this._scene = null;
-    }
     /**
-     * The PlayCanvas scene instance. Available once the element is ready — await
+     * The fog type of the scene.
+     */
+    _fog = 'none';
+    /**
+     * The color of the fog.
+     */
+    _fogColor = new Color(1, 1, 1);
+    /**
+     * The density of the fog.
+     */
+    _fogDensity = 0;
+    /**
+     * The start distance of the fog.
+     */
+    _fogStart = 0;
+    /**
+     * The end distance of the fog.
+     */
+    _fogEnd = 1000;
+    /**
+     * The gravity of the scene.
+     */
+    _gravity = new Vec3(0, -9.81, 0);
+    _scene = null;
+    /**
+     * The PlayCanvas scene instance. `null` until the element is ready — await
      * {@link whenReady} or the element's `ready()` promise before accessing it.
-     * @returns The scene instance.
+     * @returns The scene instance, or `null`.
      */
     get scene() {
         return this._scene;
     }
     async connectedCallback() {
-        var _a;
-        await ((_a = this.closestApp) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.ready());
-        this._scene = this.closestApp.app.scene;
+        const appElement = this.closestApp;
+        if (!appElement) {
+            console.warn('pc-scene must be a descendant of pc-app - scene settings not applied');
+            return;
+        }
+        await appElement.ready();
+        // The element may have been removed or re-parented while waiting for the app. Matches the
+        // guard in AssetElement and MaterialElement, but compares closestApp rather than
+        // parentElement because pc-scene resolves its app by ancestor rather than direct child.
+        // Without this, a scene re-parented mid-await would take its Scene from the app it started
+        // under while _applyGravity resolved the app it ended up under, splitting the two.
+        if (!this.isConnected || this.closestApp !== appElement) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // The application is gone if the tree was torn down while we awaited readiness. There is
+        // nothing to configure and nothing the author can act on, so this stays silent.
+        const app = appElement.app;
+        if (!app) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this._scene = app.scene;
         this.updateSceneSettings();
         this._onReady();
     }
     updateSceneSettings() {
-        if (this.scene) {
-            this.scene.fog.type = this._fog;
-            this.scene.fog.color = this._fogColor;
-            this.scene.fog.density = this._fogDensity;
-            this.scene.fog.start = this._fogStart;
-            this.scene.fog.end = this._fogEnd;
-            const appElement = this.parentElement;
-            appElement.app.systems.rigidbody.gravity.copy(this._gravity);
+        if (this._scene) {
+            this._scene.fog.type = this._fog;
+            this._scene.fog.color = this._fogColor;
+            this._scene.fog.density = this._fogDensity;
+            this._scene.fog.start = this._fogStart;
+            this._scene.fog.end = this._fogEnd;
+            this._applyGravity(this._gravity);
         }
     }
+    /**
+     * Applies gravity to the rigid body system. Resolved through `closestApp` rather than
+     * `parentElement` so that a `<pc-scene>` nested inside a wrapper element behaves the same as
+     * a direct child, matching how `connectedCallback` resolves the application.
+     *
+     * @param value - The gravity to apply.
+     */
+    _applyGravity(value) {
+        this.closestApp?.app?.systems.rigidbody?.gravity.copy(value);
+    }
     /**
      * Sets the fog type of the scene. Can be `none`, `linear`, `exp` or `exp2`. Defaults to
      * `none`.
@@ -7344,9 +9721,8 @@ class SceneElement extends AsyncElement {
      */
     set gravity(value) {
         this._gravity = value;
-        if (this.scene) {
-            const appElement = this.parentElement;
-            appElement.app.systems.rigidbody.gravity.copy(value);
+        if (this._scene) {
+            this._applyGravity(value);
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -7391,19 +9767,16 @@ customElements.define('pc-scene', SceneElement);
  * methods of the {@link HTMLElement} interface.
  */
 class SkyElement extends AsyncElement {
-    constructor() {
-        super(...arguments);
-        this._asset = '';
-        this._center = new Vec3(0, 0.01, 0);
-        this._intensity = 1;
-        this._rotation = new Vec3();
-        this._level = 0;
-        this._lighting = false;
-        this._scale = new Vec3(100, 100, 100);
-        this._type = 'infinite';
-        this._scene = null;
-        this._appElement = null;
-    }
+    _asset = '';
+    _center = new Vec3(0, 0.01, 0);
+    _intensity = 1;
+    _rotation = new Vec3();
+    _level = 0;
+    _lighting = false;
+    _scale = new Vec3(100, 100, 100);
+    _type = 'infinite';
+    _scene = null;
+    _appElement = null;
     connectedCallback() {
         this._loadSkybox();
         this._onReady();
@@ -7435,9 +9808,8 @@ class SkyElement extends AsyncElement {
         this._scene.skyboxMip = this._level;
     }
     async _loadSkybox() {
-        var _a;
-        const appElement = await ((_a = this.closestApp) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.ready());
-        const app = appElement === null || appElement === void 0 ? void 0 : appElement.app;
+        const appElement = await this.closestApp?.ready();
+        const app = appElement?.app;
         if (!appElement || !app) {
             return;
         }
@@ -7458,7 +9830,6 @@ class SkyElement extends AsyncElement {
         }
     }
     _unloadSkybox() {
-        var _a, _b, _c;
         const scene = this._scene;
         if (!scene)
             return;
@@ -7466,12 +9837,12 @@ class SkyElement extends AsyncElement {
         // If the owning application has already been destroyed (removing a <pc-app>
         // disconnects it before its children), the scene, graphics device and skybox
         // textures have all been destroyed along with it — nothing left to clean up.
-        if (!((_a = this._appElement) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.app))
+        if (!this._appElement?.app)
             return;
-        (_b = scene.skybox) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.destroy();
+        scene.skybox?.destroy();
         // @ts-ignore
         scene.skybox = null;
-        (_c = scene.envAtlas) === null || _c === void 0 ? void 0 : _c.destroy();
+        scene.envAtlas?.destroy();
         // @ts-ignore
         scene.envAtlas = null;
     }
@@ -7618,7 +9989,7 @@ class SkyElement extends AsyncElement {
     attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue) {
         switch (name) {
             case 'asset':
-                this.asset = newValue;
+                this.asset = newValue ?? '';
                 break;
             case 'center':
                 this.center = parseVec3(newValue, new Vec3(0, 0.01, 0), name);