@platformatic/rdkafka 4.0.0

package/deps/librdkafka/src/rdkafka_sasl_oauthbearer.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1829 @@
+/*
+ * librdkafka - The Apache Kafka C/C++ library
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019-2022, Magnus Edenhill
+ *               2023, Confluent Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * Builtin SASL OAUTHBEARER support
+ */
+#include "rdkafka_int.h"
+#include "rdkafka_transport_int.h"
+#include "rdkafka_sasl_int.h"
+#include <openssl/evp.h>
+#include "rdunittest.h"
+
+#if WITH_OAUTHBEARER_OIDC
+#include "rdkafka_sasl_oauthbearer_oidc.h"
+#endif
+
+
+/**
+ * @struct Per-client-instance SASL/OAUTHBEARER handle.
+ */
+typedef struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_handle_s {
+        /**< Read-write lock for fields in the handle. */
+        rwlock_t lock;
+
+        /**< The b64token value as defined in RFC 6750 Section 2.1
+         *   https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6750#section-2.1
+         */
+        char *token_value;
+
+        /**< When the token expires, in terms of the number of
+         *   milliseconds since the epoch. Wall clock time.
+         */
+        rd_ts_t wts_md_lifetime;
+
+        /**< The point after which this token should be replaced with a
+         * new one, in terms of the number of milliseconds since the
+         * epoch. Wall clock time.
+         */
+        rd_ts_t wts_refresh_after;
+
+        /**< When the last token refresh was equeued (0 = never)
+         *   in terms of the number of milliseconds since the epoch.
+         *   Wall clock time.
+         */
+        rd_ts_t wts_enqueued_refresh;
+
+        /**< The name of the principal to which this token applies. */
+        char *md_principal_name;
+
+        /**< The SASL extensions, as per RFC 7628 Section 3.1
+         *   https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7628#section-3.1
+         */
+        rd_list_t extensions; /* rd_strtup_t list */
+
+        /**< Error message for validation and/or token retrieval problems. */
+        char *errstr;
+
+        /**< Back-pointer to client instance. */
+        rd_kafka_t *rk;
+
+        /**< Token refresh timer */
+        rd_kafka_timer_t token_refresh_tmr;
+
+        /** Queue to enqueue token_refresh_cb ops on. */
+        rd_kafka_q_t *callback_q;
+
+        /** Using internal refresh callback (sasl.oauthbearer.method=oidc) */
+        rd_bool_t internal_refresh;
+
+} rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_handle_t;
+
+
+/**
+ * @struct Unsecured JWS info populated when sasl.oauthbearer.config is parsed
+ */
+struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_parsed_ujws {
+        char *principal_claim_name;
+        char *principal;
+        char *scope_claim_name;
+        char *scope_csv_text;
+        int life_seconds;
+        rd_list_t extensions; /* rd_strtup_t list */
+};
+
+/**
+ * @struct Unsecured JWS token to be set on the client handle
+ */
+struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token {
+        char *token_value;
+        int64_t md_lifetime_ms;
+        char *md_principal_name;
+        char **extensions;
+        size_t extension_size;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Per-connection state
+ */
+struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_state {
+        enum { RD_KAFKA_SASL_OAUTHB_STATE_SEND_CLIENT_FIRST_MESSAGE,
+               RD_KAFKA_SASL_OAUTHB_STATE_RECV_SERVER_FIRST_MSG,
+               RD_KAFKA_SASL_OAUTHB_STATE_RECV_SERVER_MSG_AFTER_FAIL,
+        } state;
+        char *server_error_msg;
+
+        /*
+         * A place to store a consistent view of the token and extensions
+         * throughout the authentication process -- even if it is refreshed
+         * midway through this particular authentication.
+         */
+        char *token_value;
+        char *md_principal_name;
+        rd_list_t extensions; /* rd_strtup_t list */
+};
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief free memory inside the given token
+ */
+static void rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_free(
+    struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token *token) {
+        size_t i;
+
+        RD_IF_FREE(token->token_value, rd_free);
+        RD_IF_FREE(token->md_principal_name, rd_free);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < token->extension_size; i++)
+                rd_free(token->extensions[i]);
+
+        RD_IF_FREE(token->extensions, rd_free);
+
+        memset(token, 0, sizeof(*token));
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Op callback for RD_KAFKA_OP_OAUTHBEARER_REFRESH
+ *
+ * @locality Application thread
+ */
+static rd_kafka_op_res_t rd_kafka_oauthbearer_refresh_op(rd_kafka_t *rk,
+                                                         rd_kafka_q_t *rkq,
+                                                         rd_kafka_op_t *rko) {
+        /* The op callback is invoked when the op is destroyed via
+         * rd_kafka_op_destroy() or rd_kafka_event_destroy(), so
+         * make sure we don't refresh upon destruction since
+         * the op has already been handled by this point.
+         */
+        if (rko->rko_err != RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__DESTROY &&
+            rk->rk_conf.sasl.oauthbearer.token_refresh_cb)
+                rk->rk_conf.sasl.oauthbearer.token_refresh_cb(
+                    rk, rk->rk_conf.sasl.oauthbearer_config,
+                    rk->rk_conf.opaque);
+        return RD_KAFKA_OP_RES_HANDLED;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Enqueue a token refresh.
+ * @locks rwlock_wrlock(&handle->lock) MUST be held
+ */
+static void rd_kafka_oauthbearer_enqueue_token_refresh(
+    rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_handle_t *handle) {
+        rd_kafka_op_t *rko;
+
+        rko = rd_kafka_op_new_cb(handle->rk, RD_KAFKA_OP_OAUTHBEARER_REFRESH,
+                                 rd_kafka_oauthbearer_refresh_op);
+        rd_kafka_op_set_prio(rko, RD_KAFKA_PRIO_FLASH);
+
+        /* For internal OIDC refresh callback:
+         * Force op to be handled by internal callback on the
+         * receiving queue, rather than being passed as an event to
+         * the application. */
+        if (handle->internal_refresh)
+                rko->rko_flags |= RD_KAFKA_OP_F_FORCE_CB;
+
+        handle->wts_enqueued_refresh = rd_uclock();
+        rd_kafka_q_enq(handle->callback_q, rko);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Enqueue a token refresh if necessary.
+ *
+ * The method rd_kafka_oauthbearer_enqueue_token_refresh() is invoked
+ * if necessary; the required lock is acquired and released.  This method
+ * returns immediately when SASL/OAUTHBEARER is not in use by the client.
+ */
+static void rd_kafka_oauthbearer_enqueue_token_refresh_if_necessary(
+    rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_handle_t *handle) {
+        rd_ts_t now_wallclock;
+
+        now_wallclock = rd_uclock();
+
+        rwlock_wrlock(&handle->lock);
+        if (handle->wts_refresh_after < now_wallclock &&
+            handle->wts_enqueued_refresh <= handle->wts_refresh_after)
+                /* Refresh required and not yet scheduled; refresh it */
+                rd_kafka_oauthbearer_enqueue_token_refresh(handle);
+        rwlock_wrunlock(&handle->lock);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @returns \c rd_true if SASL/OAUTHBEARER is the configured authentication
+ *           mechanism and a token is available, otherwise \c rd_false.
+ *
+ * @locks none
+ * @locality any
+ */
+static rd_bool_t
+rd_kafka_oauthbearer_has_token(rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_handle_t *handle) {
+        rd_bool_t retval_has_token;
+
+        rwlock_rdlock(&handle->lock);
+        retval_has_token = handle->token_value != NULL;
+        rwlock_rdunlock(&handle->lock);
+
+        return retval_has_token;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Verify that the provided \p key is valid.
+ * @returns 0 on success or -1 if \p key is invalid.
+ */
+static int check_oauthbearer_extension_key(const char *key,
+                                           char *errstr,
+                                           size_t errstr_size) {
+        const char *c;
+
+        if (!strcmp(key, "auth")) {
+                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                            "Cannot explicitly set the reserved `auth` "
+                            "SASL/OAUTHBEARER extension key");
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7628#section-3.1
+         * key            = 1*(ALPHA)
+         *
+         * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5234#appendix-B.1
+         * ALPHA          =  %x41-5A / %x61-7A   ; A-Z / a-z
+         */
+        if (!*key) {
+                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                            "SASL/OAUTHBEARER extension keys "
+                            "must not be empty");
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        for (c = key; *c; c++) {
+                if (!(*c >= 'A' && *c <= 'Z') && !(*c >= 'a' && *c <= 'z')) {
+                        rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                    "SASL/OAUTHBEARER extension keys must "
+                                    "only consist of A-Z or "
+                                    "a-z characters: %s (%c)",
+                                    key, *c);
+                        return -1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Verify that the provided \p value is valid.
+ * @returns 0 on success or -1 if \p value is invalid.
+ */
+static int check_oauthbearer_extension_value(const char *value,
+                                             char *errstr,
+                                             size_t errstr_size) {
+        const char *c;
+
+        /*
+         * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7628#section-3.1
+         * value          = *(VCHAR / SP / HTAB / CR / LF )
+         *
+         * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5234#appendix-B.1
+         * VCHAR          =  %x21-7E  ; visible (printing) characters
+         * SP             =  %x20     ; space
+         * HTAB           =  %x09     ; horizontal tab
+         * CR             =  %x0D     ; carriage return
+         * LF             =  %x0A     ; linefeed
+         */
+        for (c = value; *c; c++) {
+                if (!(*c >= '\x21' && *c <= '\x7E') && *c != '\x20' &&
+                    *c != '\x09' && *c != '\x0D' && *c != '\x0A') {
+                        rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                    "SASL/OAUTHBEARER extension values must "
+                                    "only consist of space, horizontal tab, "
+                                    "CR, LF, and "
+                                    "visible characters (%%x21-7E): %s (%c)",
+                                    value, *c);
+                        return -1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Set SASL/OAUTHBEARER token and metadata
+ *
+ * @param rk Client instance.
+ * @param token_value the mandatory token value to set, often (but not
+ *  necessarily) a JWS compact serialization as per
+ *  https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7515#section-3.1.
+ *  Use rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_free() to free members if
+ *  return value is not -1.
+ * @param md_lifetime_ms when the token expires, in terms of the number of
+ *  milliseconds since the epoch. See https://currentmillis.com/.
+ * @param md_principal_name the mandatory Kafka principal name associated
+ *  with the token.
+ * @param extensions optional SASL extensions key-value array with
+ *  \p extensions_size elements (number of keys * 2), where [i] is the key and
+ *  [i+1] is the key's value, to be communicated to the broker
+ *  as additional key-value pairs during the initial client response as per
+ *  https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7628#section-3.1.
+ * @param extension_size the number of SASL extension keys plus values,
+ *  which should be a non-negative multiple of 2.
+ *
+ * The SASL/OAUTHBEARER token refresh callback or event handler should cause
+ * this method to be invoked upon success, via
+ * rd_kafka_oauthbearer_set_token(). The extension keys must not include the
+ * reserved key "`auth`", and all extension keys and values must conform to the
+ * required format as per https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7628#section-3.1:
+ *
+ * key            = 1*(ALPHA)
+ * value          = *(VCHAR / SP / HTAB / CR / LF )
+ *
+ * @returns \c RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR_NO_ERROR on success, otherwise errstr set and:
+ *          \c RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__INVALID_ARG if any of the arguments are
+ *              invalid;
+ *          \c RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__STATE if SASL/OAUTHBEARER is not configured as
+ *              the client's authentication mechanism.
+ *
+ * @sa rd_kafka_oauthbearer_set_token_failure0
+ */
+rd_kafka_resp_err_t
+rd_kafka_oauthbearer_set_token0(rd_kafka_t *rk,
+                                const char *token_value,
+                                int64_t md_lifetime_ms,
+                                const char *md_principal_name,
+                                const char **extensions,
+                                size_t extension_size,
+                                char *errstr,
+                                size_t errstr_size) {
+        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_handle_t *handle = rk->rk_sasl.handle;
+        size_t i;
+        rd_ts_t now_wallclock;
+        rd_ts_t wts_md_lifetime = md_lifetime_ms * 1000;
+
+        /* Check if SASL/OAUTHBEARER is the configured auth mechanism */
+        if (rk->rk_conf.sasl.provider != &rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_provider ||
+            !handle) {
+                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                            "SASL/OAUTHBEARER is not the "
+                            "configured authentication mechanism");
+                return RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__STATE;
+        }
+
+        /* Check if there is an odd number of extension keys + values */
+        if (extension_size & 1) {
+                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                            "Incorrect extension size "
+                            "(must be a non-negative multiple of 2): %" PRIusz,
+                            extension_size);
+                return RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__INVALID_ARG;
+        }
+
+        /* Check args for correct format/value */
+        now_wallclock = rd_uclock();
+        if (wts_md_lifetime <= now_wallclock) {
+                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                            "Must supply an unexpired token: "
+                            "now=%" PRId64 "ms, exp=%" PRId64 "ms",
+                            now_wallclock / 1000, wts_md_lifetime / 1000);
+                return RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__INVALID_ARG;
+        }
+
+        if (check_oauthbearer_extension_value(token_value, errstr,
+                                              errstr_size) == -1)
+                return RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__INVALID_ARG;
+
+        for (i = 0; i + 1 < extension_size; i += 2) {
+                if (check_oauthbearer_extension_key(extensions[i], errstr,
+                                                    errstr_size) == -1 ||
+                    check_oauthbearer_extension_value(extensions[i + 1], errstr,
+                                                      errstr_size) == -1)
+                        return RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__INVALID_ARG;
+        }
+
+        rwlock_wrlock(&handle->lock);
+
+        RD_IF_FREE(handle->md_principal_name, rd_free);
+        handle->md_principal_name = rd_strdup(md_principal_name);
+
+        RD_IF_FREE(handle->token_value, rd_free);
+        handle->token_value = rd_strdup(token_value);
+
+        handle->wts_md_lifetime = wts_md_lifetime;
+
+        /* Schedule a refresh 80% through its remaining lifetime */
+        handle->wts_refresh_after =
+            (rd_ts_t)(now_wallclock + 0.8 * (wts_md_lifetime - now_wallclock));
+
+        rd_list_clear(&handle->extensions);
+        for (i = 0; i + 1 < extension_size; i += 2)
+                rd_list_add(&handle->extensions,
+                            rd_strtup_new(extensions[i], extensions[i + 1]));
+
+        RD_IF_FREE(handle->errstr, rd_free);
+        handle->errstr = NULL;
+
+        rwlock_wrunlock(&handle->lock);
+
+        rd_kafka_dbg(rk, SECURITY, "BRKMAIN",
+                     "Waking up waiting broker threads after "
+                     "setting OAUTHBEARER token");
+        rd_kafka_all_brokers_wakeup(rk, RD_KAFKA_BROKER_STATE_TRY_CONNECT,
+                                    "OAUTHBEARER token update");
+
+        return RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief SASL/OAUTHBEARER token refresh failure indicator.
+ *
+ * @param rk Client instance.
+ * @param errstr mandatory human readable error reason for failing to acquire
+ *  a token.
+ *
+ * The SASL/OAUTHBEARER token refresh callback or event handler should cause
+ * this method to be invoked upon failure, via
+ * rd_kafka_oauthbearer_set_token_failure().
+ *
+ * @returns \c RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR_NO_ERROR on success, otherwise
+ *          \c RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__STATE if SASL/OAUTHBEARER is enabled but is
+ *              not configured to be the client's authentication mechanism,
+ *          \c RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__INVALID_ARG if no error string is supplied.
+
+ * @sa rd_kafka_oauthbearer_set_token0
+ */
+rd_kafka_resp_err_t
+rd_kafka_oauthbearer_set_token_failure0(rd_kafka_t *rk, const char *errstr) {
+        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_handle_t *handle = rk->rk_sasl.handle;
+        rd_bool_t error_changed;
+
+        /* Check if SASL/OAUTHBEARER is the configured auth mechanism */
+        if (rk->rk_conf.sasl.provider != &rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_provider ||
+            !handle)
+                return RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__STATE;
+
+        if (!errstr || !*errstr)
+                return RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__INVALID_ARG;
+
+        rwlock_wrlock(&handle->lock);
+        error_changed = !handle->errstr || strcmp(handle->errstr, errstr);
+        RD_IF_FREE(handle->errstr, rd_free);
+        handle->errstr = rd_strdup(errstr);
+        /* Leave any existing token because it may have some life left,
+         * schedule a refresh for 10 seconds later. */
+        handle->wts_refresh_after = rd_uclock() + (10 * 1000 * 1000);
+        rwlock_wrunlock(&handle->lock);
+
+        /* Trigger an ERR__AUTHENTICATION error if the error changed. */
+        if (error_changed)
+                rd_kafka_op_err(rk, RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__AUTHENTICATION,
+                                "Failed to acquire SASL OAUTHBEARER token: %s",
+                                errstr);
+
+        return RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Parse a config value from the string pointed to by \p loc and starting
+ * with the given \p prefix and ending with the given \p value_end_char, storing
+ * the newly-allocated memory result in the string pointed to by \p value.
+ * @returns -1 if string pointed to by \p value is non-empty (\p errstr set, no
+ * memory allocated), else 0 (caller must free allocated memory).
+ */
+static int parse_ujws_config_value_for_prefix(char **loc,
+                                              const char *prefix,
+                                              const char value_end_char,
+                                              char **value,
+                                              char *errstr,
+                                              size_t errstr_size) {
+        if (*value) {
+                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                            "Invalid sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                            "multiple '%s' entries",
+                            prefix);
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        *loc += strlen(prefix);
+        *value = *loc;
+        while (**loc != '\0' && **loc != value_end_char)
+                ++*loc;
+
+        if (**loc == value_end_char) {
+                /* End the string and skip the character */
+                **loc = '\0';
+                ++*loc;
+        }
+
+        /* return new allocated memory */
+        *value = rd_strdup(*value);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * @brief Parse Unsecured JWS config, allocates strings that must be freed
+ * @param cfg the config to parse (typically from `sasl.oauthbearer.config`)
+ * @param parsed holds the parsed output; it must be all zeros to start.
+ * @returns -1 on failure (\p errstr set), else 0.
+ */
+static int
+parse_ujws_config(const char *cfg,
+                  struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_parsed_ujws *parsed,
+                  char *errstr,
+                  size_t errstr_size) {
+        /*
+         * Extensions:
+         *
+         * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7628#section-3.1
+         * key            = 1*(ALPHA)
+         * value          = *(VCHAR / SP / HTAB / CR / LF )
+         *
+         * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5234#appendix-B.1
+         * ALPHA          =  %x41-5A / %x61-7A   ; A-Z / a-z
+         * VCHAR          =  %x21-7E  ; visible (printing) characters
+         * SP             =  %x20     ; space
+         * HTAB           =  %x09     ; horizontal tab
+         * CR             =  %x0D     ; carriage return
+         * LF             =  %x0A     ; linefeed
+         */
+
+        static const char *prefix_principal_claim_name = "principalClaimName=";
+        static const char *prefix_principal            = "principal=";
+        static const char *prefix_scope_claim_name     = "scopeClaimName=";
+        static const char *prefix_scope                = "scope=";
+        static const char *prefix_life_seconds         = "lifeSeconds=";
+        static const char *prefix_extension            = "extension_";
+
+        char *cfg_copy = rd_strdup(cfg);
+        char *loc      = cfg_copy;
+        int r          = 0;
+
+        while (*loc != '\0' && !r) {
+                if (*loc == ' ')
+                        ++loc;
+                else if (!strncmp(prefix_principal_claim_name, loc,
+                                  strlen(prefix_principal_claim_name))) {
+                        r = parse_ujws_config_value_for_prefix(
+                            &loc, prefix_principal_claim_name, ' ',
+                            &parsed->principal_claim_name, errstr, errstr_size);
+
+                        if (!r && !*parsed->principal_claim_name) {
+                                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                            "Invalid sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                                            "empty '%s'",
+                                            prefix_principal_claim_name);
+                                r = -1;
+                        }
+
+                } else if (!strncmp(prefix_principal, loc,
+                                    strlen(prefix_principal))) {
+                        r = parse_ujws_config_value_for_prefix(
+                            &loc, prefix_principal, ' ', &parsed->principal,
+                            errstr, errstr_size);
+
+                        if (!r && !*parsed->principal) {
+                                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                            "Invalid sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                                            "empty '%s'",
+                                            prefix_principal);
+                                r = -1;
+                        }
+
+                } else if (!strncmp(prefix_scope_claim_name, loc,
+                                    strlen(prefix_scope_claim_name))) {
+                        r = parse_ujws_config_value_for_prefix(
+                            &loc, prefix_scope_claim_name, ' ',
+                            &parsed->scope_claim_name, errstr, errstr_size);
+
+                        if (!r && !*parsed->scope_claim_name) {
+                                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                            "Invalid sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                                            "empty '%s'",
+                                            prefix_scope_claim_name);
+                                r = -1;
+                        }
+
+                } else if (!strncmp(prefix_scope, loc, strlen(prefix_scope))) {
+                        r = parse_ujws_config_value_for_prefix(
+                            &loc, prefix_scope, ' ', &parsed->scope_csv_text,
+                            errstr, errstr_size);
+
+                        if (!r && !*parsed->scope_csv_text) {
+                                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                            "Invalid sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                                            "empty '%s'",
+                                            prefix_scope);
+                                r = -1;
+                        }
+
+                } else if (!strncmp(prefix_life_seconds, loc,
+                                    strlen(prefix_life_seconds))) {
+                        char *life_seconds_text = NULL;
+
+                        r = parse_ujws_config_value_for_prefix(
+                            &loc, prefix_life_seconds, ' ', &life_seconds_text,
+                            errstr, errstr_size);
+
+                        if (!r && !*life_seconds_text) {
+                                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                            "Invalid "
+                                            "sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                                            "empty '%s'",
+                                            prefix_life_seconds);
+                                r = -1;
+                        } else if (!r) {
+                                long long life_seconds_long;
+                                char *end_ptr;
+                                life_seconds_long =
+                                    strtoll(life_seconds_text, &end_ptr, 10);
+                                if (*end_ptr != '\0') {
+                                        rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                                    "Invalid "
+                                                    "sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                                                    "non-integral '%s': %s",
+                                                    prefix_life_seconds,
+                                                    life_seconds_text);
+                                        r = -1;
+                                } else if (life_seconds_long <= 0 ||
+                                           life_seconds_long > INT_MAX) {
+                                        rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                                    "Invalid "
+                                                    "sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                                                    "value out of range of "
+                                                    "positive int '%s': %s",
+                                                    prefix_life_seconds,
+                                                    life_seconds_text);
+                                        r = -1;
+                                } else {
+                                        parsed->life_seconds =
+                                            (int)life_seconds_long;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        RD_IF_FREE(life_seconds_text, rd_free);
+
+                } else if (!strncmp(prefix_extension, loc,
+                                    strlen(prefix_extension))) {
+                        char *extension_key = NULL;
+
+                        r = parse_ujws_config_value_for_prefix(
+                            &loc, prefix_extension, '=', &extension_key, errstr,
+                            errstr_size);
+
+                        if (!r && !*extension_key) {
+                                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                            "Invalid "
+                                            "sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                                            "empty '%s' key",
+                                            prefix_extension);
+                                r = -1;
+                        } else if (!r) {
+                                char *extension_value = NULL;
+                                r = parse_ujws_config_value_for_prefix(
+                                    &loc, "", ' ', &extension_value, errstr,
+                                    errstr_size);
+                                if (!r) {
+                                        rd_list_add(
+                                            &parsed->extensions,
+                                            rd_strtup_new(extension_key,
+                                                          extension_value));
+                                        rd_free(extension_value);
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        RD_IF_FREE(extension_key, rd_free);
+
+                } else {
+                        rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                    "Unrecognized sasl.oauthbearer.config "
+                                    "beginning at: %s",
+                                    loc);
+                        r = -1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        rd_free(cfg_copy);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Create unsecured JWS compact serialization
+ * from the given information.
+ * @returns allocated memory that the caller must free.
+ */
+static char *create_jws_compact_serialization(
+    const struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_parsed_ujws *parsed,
+    rd_ts_t now_wallclock) {
+        static const char *jose_header_encoded =
+            "eyJhbGciOiJub25lIn0";  // {"alg":"none"}
+        int scope_json_length = 0;
+        int max_json_length;
+        double now_wallclock_seconds;
+        char *scope_json;
+        char *scope_curr;
+        int i;
+        char *claims_json;
+        char *jws_claims;
+        size_t encode_len;
+        char *jws_last_char;
+        char *jws_maybe_non_url_char;
+        char *retval_jws;
+        size_t retval_size;
+        rd_list_t scope;
+
+        rd_list_init(&scope, 0, rd_free);
+        if (parsed->scope_csv_text) {
+                /* Convert from csv to rd_list_t and
+                 * calculate json length. */
+                char *start = parsed->scope_csv_text;
+                char *curr  = start;
+
+                while (*curr != '\0') {
+                        /* Ignore empty elements (e.g. ",,") */
+                        while (*curr == ',') {
+                                ++curr;
+                                ++start;
+                        }
+
+                        while (*curr != '\0' && *curr != ',')
+                                ++curr;
+
+                        if (curr == start)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (*curr == ',') {
+                                *curr = '\0';
+                                ++curr;
+                        }
+
+                        if (!rd_list_find(&scope, start, (void *)strcmp))
+                                rd_list_add(&scope, rd_strdup(start));
+
+                        if (scope_json_length == 0) {
+                                scope_json_length =
+                                    2 +  // ,"
+                                    (int)strlen(parsed->scope_claim_name) +
+                                    4 +                       // ":["
+                                    (int)strlen(start) + 1 +  // "
+                                    1;                        // ]
+                        } else {
+                                scope_json_length += 2;  // ,"
+                                scope_json_length += (int)strlen(start);
+                                scope_json_length += 1;  // "
+                        }
+
+                        start = curr;
+                }
+        }
+
+        now_wallclock_seconds = now_wallclock / 1000000.0;
+
+        /* Generate json */
+        max_json_length = 2 +  // {"
+                          (int)strlen(parsed->principal_claim_name) +
+                          3 +                                   // ":"
+                          (int)strlen(parsed->principal) + 8 +  // ","iat":
+                          14 +  // iat NumericDate (e.g. 1549251467.546)
+                          7 +   // ,"exp":
+                          14 +  // exp NumericDate (e.g. 1549252067.546)
+                          scope_json_length + 1;  // }
+
+        /* Generate scope portion of json */
+        scope_json  = rd_malloc(scope_json_length + 1);
+        *scope_json = '\0';
+        scope_curr  = scope_json;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < rd_list_cnt(&scope); i++) {
+                if (i == 0)
+                        scope_curr += rd_snprintf(
+                            scope_curr,
+                            (size_t)(scope_json + scope_json_length + 1 -
+                                     scope_curr),
+                            ",\"%s\":[\"", parsed->scope_claim_name);
+                else
+                        scope_curr += sprintf(scope_curr, "%s", ",\"");
+                scope_curr += sprintf(scope_curr, "%s\"",
+                                      (const char *)rd_list_elem(&scope, i));
+                if (i == rd_list_cnt(&scope) - 1)
+                        scope_curr += sprintf(scope_curr, "%s", "]");
+        }
+
+        claims_json = rd_malloc(max_json_length + 1);
+        rd_snprintf(claims_json, max_json_length + 1,
+                    "{\"%s\":\"%s\",\"iat\":%.3f,\"exp\":%.3f%s}",
+                    parsed->principal_claim_name, parsed->principal,
+                    now_wallclock_seconds,
+                    now_wallclock_seconds + parsed->life_seconds, scope_json);
+        rd_free(scope_json);
+
+        /* Convert to base64URL format, first to base64, then to base64URL */
+        retval_size = strlen(jose_header_encoded) + 1 +
+                      (((max_json_length + 2) / 3) * 4) + 1 + 1;
+        retval_jws = rd_malloc(retval_size);
+        rd_snprintf(retval_jws, retval_size, "%s.", jose_header_encoded);
+        jws_claims = retval_jws + strlen(retval_jws);
+        encode_len =
+            EVP_EncodeBlock((uint8_t *)jws_claims, (uint8_t *)claims_json,
+                            (int)strlen(claims_json));
+        rd_free(claims_json);
+        jws_last_char = jws_claims + encode_len - 1;
+
+        /* Convert from padded base64 to unpadded base64URL
+         * and eliminate any padding. */
+        while (jws_last_char >= jws_claims && *jws_last_char == '=')
+                --jws_last_char;
+        *(++jws_last_char)   = '.';
+        *(jws_last_char + 1) = '\0';
+
+        /* Convert the 2 differing encode characters */
+        for (jws_maybe_non_url_char = retval_jws; *jws_maybe_non_url_char;
+             jws_maybe_non_url_char++)
+                if (*jws_maybe_non_url_char == '+')
+                        *jws_maybe_non_url_char = '-';
+                else if (*jws_maybe_non_url_char == '/')
+                        *jws_maybe_non_url_char = '_';
+
+        rd_list_destroy(&scope);
+
+        return retval_jws;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Same as rd_kafka_oauthbearer_unsecured_token() except it takes
+ * additional explicit arguments and return a status code along with
+ * the token to set in order to facilitate unit testing.
+ * @param token output defining the token to set
+ * @param cfg the config to parse (typically from `sasl.oauthbearer.config`)
+ * @param now_wallclock_ms the valued to be used for the `iat` claim
+ *        (and by implication, the `exp` claim)
+ * @returns -1 on failure (\p errstr set), else 0.
+ */
+static int rd_kafka_oauthbearer_unsecured_token0(
+    struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token *token,
+    const char *cfg,
+    int64_t now_wallclock_ms,
+    char *errstr,
+    size_t errstr_size) {
+        struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_parsed_ujws parsed = RD_ZERO_INIT;
+        int r;
+        int i;
+
+        if (!cfg || !*cfg) {
+                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                            "Invalid sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                            "must not be empty");
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        memset(token, 0, sizeof(*token));
+
+        rd_list_init(&parsed.extensions, 0,
+                     (void (*)(void *))rd_strtup_destroy);
+
+        if (!(r = parse_ujws_config(cfg, &parsed, errstr, errstr_size))) {
+                /* Make sure we have required and valid info */
+                if (!parsed.principal_claim_name)
+                        parsed.principal_claim_name = rd_strdup("sub");
+                if (!parsed.scope_claim_name)
+                        parsed.scope_claim_name = rd_strdup("scope");
+                if (!parsed.life_seconds)
+                        parsed.life_seconds = 3600;
+                if (!parsed.principal) {
+                        rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                    "Invalid sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                                    "no principal=<value>");
+                        r = -1;
+                } else if (strchr(parsed.principal, '"')) {
+                        rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                    "Invalid sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                                    "'\"' cannot appear in principal: %s",
+                                    parsed.principal);
+                        r = -1;
+                } else if (strchr(parsed.principal_claim_name, '"')) {
+                        rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                    "Invalid sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                                    "'\"' cannot appear in "
+                                    "principalClaimName: %s",
+                                    parsed.principal_claim_name);
+                        r = -1;
+                } else if (strchr(parsed.scope_claim_name, '"')) {
+                        rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                    "Invalid sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                                    "'\"' cannot appear in scopeClaimName: %s",
+                                    parsed.scope_claim_name);
+                        r = -1;
+                } else if (parsed.scope_csv_text &&
+                           strchr(parsed.scope_csv_text, '"')) {
+                        rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                                    "Invalid sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+                                    "'\"' cannot appear in scope: %s",
+                                    parsed.scope_csv_text);
+                        r = -1;
+                } else {
+                        char **extensionv;
+                        int extension_pair_count;
+                        char *jws = create_jws_compact_serialization(
+                            &parsed, now_wallclock_ms * 1000);
+
+                        extension_pair_count = rd_list_cnt(&parsed.extensions);
+                        extensionv = rd_malloc(sizeof(*extensionv) * 2 *
+                                               extension_pair_count);
+                        for (i = 0; i < extension_pair_count; ++i) {
+                                rd_strtup_t *strtup =
+                                    (rd_strtup_t *)rd_list_elem(
+                                        &parsed.extensions, i);
+                                extensionv[2 * i] = rd_strdup(strtup->name);
+                                extensionv[2 * i + 1] =
+                                    rd_strdup(strtup->value);
+                        }
+                        token->token_value = jws;
+                        token->md_lifetime_ms =
+                            now_wallclock_ms + parsed.life_seconds * 1000;
+                        token->md_principal_name = rd_strdup(parsed.principal);
+                        token->extensions        = extensionv;
+                        token->extension_size    = 2 * extension_pair_count;
+                }
+        }
+        RD_IF_FREE(parsed.principal_claim_name, rd_free);
+        RD_IF_FREE(parsed.principal, rd_free);
+        RD_IF_FREE(parsed.scope_claim_name, rd_free);
+        RD_IF_FREE(parsed.scope_csv_text, rd_free);
+        rd_list_destroy(&parsed.extensions);
+
+        if (r == -1)
+                rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_free(token);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Default SASL/OAUTHBEARER token refresh callback that generates an
+ * unsecured JWS as per https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7515#appendix-A.5.
+ *
+ * This method interprets `sasl.oauthbearer.config` as space-separated
+ * name=value pairs with valid names including principalClaimName,
+ * principal, scopeClaimName, scope, and lifeSeconds. The default
+ * value for principalClaimName is "sub".  The principal must be specified.
+ * The default value for scopeClaimName is "scope", and the default value
+ * for lifeSeconds is 3600.  The scope value is CSV format with the
+ * default value being no/empty scope. For example:
+ * "principalClaimName=azp principal=admin scopeClaimName=roles
+ * scope=role1,role2 lifeSeconds=600".
+ *
+ * SASL extensions can be communicated to the broker via
+ * extension_NAME=value. For example:
+ * "principal=admin extension_traceId=123".  Extension names and values
+ * must conform to the required syntax as per
+ * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7628#section-3.1
+ *
+ * All values -- whether extensions, claim names, or scope elements -- must not
+ * include a quote (") character.  The parsing rules also imply that names
+ * and values cannot include a space character, and scope elements cannot
+ * include a comma (,) character.
+ *
+ * The existence of any kind of parsing problem -- an unrecognized name,
+ * a quote character in a value, an empty value, etc. -- raises the
+ * \c RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__AUTHENTICATION event.
+ *
+ * Unsecured tokens are not to be used in production -- they are only good for
+ * testing and development purposess -- so while the inflexibility of the
+ * parsing rules is acknowledged, it is assumed that this is not problematic.
+ */
+void rd_kafka_oauthbearer_unsecured_token(rd_kafka_t *rk,
+                                          const char *oauthbearer_config,
+                                          void *opaque) {
+        char errstr[512];
+        struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token token = RD_ZERO_INIT;
+
+        rd_kafka_dbg(rk, SECURITY, "OAUTHBEARER", "Creating unsecured token");
+
+        if (rd_kafka_oauthbearer_unsecured_token0(&token, oauthbearer_config,
+                                                  rd_uclock() / 1000, errstr,
+                                                  sizeof(errstr)) == -1 ||
+            rd_kafka_oauthbearer_set_token(
+                rk, token.token_value, token.md_lifetime_ms,
+                token.md_principal_name, (const char **)token.extensions,
+                token.extension_size, errstr, sizeof(errstr)) == -1) {
+                rd_kafka_oauthbearer_set_token_failure(rk, errstr);
+        }
+
+        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_free(&token);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Close and free authentication state
+ */
+static void rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_close(rd_kafka_transport_t *rktrans) {
+        struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_state *state =
+            rktrans->rktrans_sasl.state;
+
+        if (!state)
+                return;
+
+        RD_IF_FREE(state->server_error_msg, rd_free);
+        rd_free(state->token_value);
+        rd_free(state->md_principal_name);
+        rd_list_destroy(&state->extensions);
+        rd_free(state);
+        rktrans->rktrans_sasl.state = NULL;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Build client-first-message
+ */
+static void rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_build_client_first_message(
+    rd_kafka_transport_t *rktrans,
+    rd_chariov_t *out) {
+        struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_state *state =
+            rktrans->rktrans_sasl.state;
+
+        /*
+         * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7628#section-3.1
+         * kvsep          = %x01
+         * key            = 1*(ALPHA)
+         * value          = *(VCHAR / SP / HTAB / CR / LF )
+         * kvpair         = key "=" value kvsep
+         * ;;gs2-header     = See RFC 5801
+         * client-resp    = (gs2-header kvsep *kvpair kvsep) / kvsep
+         */
+
+        static const char *gs2_header = "n,,";
+        static const char *kvsep      = "\x01";
+        const int kvsep_size          = (int)strlen(kvsep);
+        int extension_size            = 0;
+        int i;
+        char *buf;
+        int size_written;
+        unsigned long r;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < rd_list_cnt(&state->extensions); i++) {
+                rd_strtup_t *extension = rd_list_elem(&state->extensions, i);
+                // kvpair         = key "=" value kvsep
+                extension_size += (int)strlen(extension->name) + 1  // "="
+                                  + (int)strlen(extension->value) + kvsep_size;
+        }
+
+        // client-resp    = (gs2-header kvsep *kvpair kvsep) / kvsep
+        out->size = strlen(gs2_header) + kvsep_size + strlen("auth=Bearer ") +
+                    strlen(state->token_value) + kvsep_size + extension_size +
+                    kvsep_size;
+        out->ptr = rd_malloc(out->size + 1);
+
+        buf          = out->ptr;
+        size_written = 0;
+        r            = rd_snprintf(buf, out->size + 1 - size_written,
+                        "%s%sauth=Bearer %s%s", gs2_header, kvsep,
+                        state->token_value, kvsep);
+        rd_assert(r < out->size + 1 - size_written);
+        size_written += r;
+        buf = out->ptr + size_written;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < rd_list_cnt(&state->extensions); i++) {
+                rd_strtup_t *extension = rd_list_elem(&state->extensions, i);
+                r = rd_snprintf(buf, out->size + 1 - size_written, "%s=%s%s",
+                                extension->name, extension->value, kvsep);
+                rd_assert(r < out->size + 1 - size_written);
+                size_written += r;
+                buf = out->ptr + size_written;
+        }
+
+        r = rd_snprintf(buf, out->size + 1 - size_written, "%s", kvsep);
+        rd_assert(r < out->size + 1 - size_written);
+
+        rd_rkb_dbg(rktrans->rktrans_rkb, SECURITY, "OAUTHBEARER",
+                   "Built client first message");
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief SASL OAUTHBEARER client state machine
+ * @returns -1 on failure (\p errstr set), else 0.
+ */
+static int rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_fsm(rd_kafka_transport_t *rktrans,
+                                         const rd_chariov_t *in,
+                                         char *errstr,
+                                         size_t errstr_size) {
+        static const char *state_names[] = {
+            "client-first-message",
+            "server-first-message",
+            "server-failure-message",
+        };
+        struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_state *state =
+            rktrans->rktrans_sasl.state;
+        rd_chariov_t out = RD_ZERO_INIT;
+        int r            = -1;
+
+        rd_rkb_dbg(rktrans->rktrans_rkb, SECURITY, "OAUTHBEARER",
+                   "SASL OAUTHBEARER client in state %s",
+                   state_names[state->state]);
+
+        switch (state->state) {
+        case RD_KAFKA_SASL_OAUTHB_STATE_SEND_CLIENT_FIRST_MESSAGE:
+                rd_dassert(!in); /* Not expecting any server-input */
+
+                rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_build_client_first_message(rktrans,
+                                                                     &out);
+                state->state = RD_KAFKA_SASL_OAUTHB_STATE_RECV_SERVER_FIRST_MSG;
+                break;
+
+
+        case RD_KAFKA_SASL_OAUTHB_STATE_RECV_SERVER_FIRST_MSG:
+                if (!in->size || !*in->ptr) {
+                        /* Success */
+                        rd_rkb_dbg(rktrans->rktrans_rkb,
+                                   SECURITY | RD_KAFKA_DBG_BROKER,
+                                   "OAUTHBEARER",
+                                   "SASL OAUTHBEARER authentication "
+                                   "successful (principal=%s)",
+                                   state->md_principal_name);
+                        rd_kafka_sasl_auth_done(rktrans);
+                        r = 0;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                /* Failure; save error message for later */
+                state->server_error_msg = rd_strndup(in->ptr, in->size);
+
+                /*
+                 * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7628#section-3.1
+                 * kvsep          = %x01
+                 * client-resp    = (gs2-header kvsep *kvpair kvsep) / kvsep
+                 *
+                 * Send final kvsep (CTRL-A) character
+                 */
+                out.size = 1;
+                out.ptr  = rd_malloc(out.size + 1);
+                rd_snprintf(out.ptr, out.size + 1, "\x01");
+                state->state =
+                    RD_KAFKA_SASL_OAUTHB_STATE_RECV_SERVER_MSG_AFTER_FAIL;
+                r = 0;  // Will fail later in next state after sending response
+                break;
+
+        case RD_KAFKA_SASL_OAUTHB_STATE_RECV_SERVER_MSG_AFTER_FAIL:
+                /* Failure as previosuly communicated by server first message */
+                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                            "SASL OAUTHBEARER authentication failed "
+                            "(principal=%s): %s",
+                            state->md_principal_name, state->server_error_msg);
+                rd_rkb_dbg(rktrans->rktrans_rkb, SECURITY | RD_KAFKA_DBG_BROKER,
+                           "OAUTHBEARER", "%s", errstr);
+                r = -1;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if (out.ptr) {
+                r = rd_kafka_sasl_send(rktrans, out.ptr, (int)out.size, errstr,
+                                       errstr_size);
+                rd_free(out.ptr);
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Handle received frame from broker.
+ */
+static int rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_recv(rd_kafka_transport_t *rktrans,
+                                          const void *buf,
+                                          size_t size,
+                                          char *errstr,
+                                          size_t errstr_size) {
+        const rd_chariov_t in = {.ptr = (char *)buf, .size = size};
+        return rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_fsm(rktrans, &in, errstr, errstr_size);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize and start SASL OAUTHBEARER (builtin) authentication.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on successful init and -1 on error.
+ *
+ * @locality broker thread
+ */
+static int rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_client_new(rd_kafka_transport_t *rktrans,
+                                                const char *hostname,
+                                                char *errstr,
+                                                size_t errstr_size) {
+        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_handle_t *handle =
+            rktrans->rktrans_rkb->rkb_rk->rk_sasl.handle;
+        struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_state *state;
+
+        state        = rd_calloc(1, sizeof(*state));
+        state->state = RD_KAFKA_SASL_OAUTHB_STATE_SEND_CLIENT_FIRST_MESSAGE;
+
+        /*
+         * Save off the state structure now, before any possibility of
+         * returning, so that we will always free up the allocated memory in
+         * rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_close().
+         */
+        rktrans->rktrans_sasl.state = state;
+
+        /*
+         * Make sure we have a consistent view of the token and extensions
+         * throughout the authentication process -- even if it is refreshed
+         * midway through this particular authentication.
+         */
+        rwlock_rdlock(&handle->lock);
+        if (!handle->token_value) {
+                rd_snprintf(errstr, errstr_size,
+                            "OAUTHBEARER cannot log in because there "
+                            "is no token available; last error: %s",
+                            handle->errstr ? handle->errstr
+                                           : "(not available)");
+                rwlock_rdunlock(&handle->lock);
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        state->token_value       = rd_strdup(handle->token_value);
+        state->md_principal_name = rd_strdup(handle->md_principal_name);
+        rd_list_copy_to(&state->extensions, &handle->extensions,
+                        rd_strtup_list_copy, NULL);
+
+        rwlock_rdunlock(&handle->lock);
+
+        /* Kick off the FSM */
+        return rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_fsm(rktrans, NULL, errstr,
+                                             errstr_size);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Token refresh timer callback.
+ *
+ * @locality rdkafka main thread
+ */
+static void
+rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_refresh_tmr_cb(rd_kafka_timers_t *rkts,
+                                               void *arg) {
+        rd_kafka_t *rk                             = arg;
+        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_handle_t *handle = rk->rk_sasl.handle;
+
+        /* Enqueue a token refresh if necessary */
+        rd_kafka_oauthbearer_enqueue_token_refresh_if_necessary(handle);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Per-client-instance initializer
+ */
+static int rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_init(rd_kafka_t *rk,
+                                          char *errstr,
+                                          size_t errstr_size) {
+        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_handle_t *handle;
+
+        handle             = rd_calloc(1, sizeof(*handle));
+        rk->rk_sasl.handle = handle;
+
+        rwlock_init(&handle->lock);
+
+        handle->rk = rk;
+
+        rd_list_init(&handle->extensions, 0,
+                     (void (*)(void *))rd_strtup_destroy);
+
+
+        if (rk->rk_conf.sasl.enable_callback_queue) {
+                /* SASL specific callback queue enabled */
+                rk->rk_sasl.callback_q = rd_kafka_q_new(rk);
+                handle->callback_q = rd_kafka_q_keep(rk->rk_sasl.callback_q);
+        } else {
+                /* Use main queue */
+                handle->callback_q = rd_kafka_q_keep(rk->rk_rep);
+        }
+
+        rd_kafka_timer_start(
+            &rk->rk_timers, &handle->token_refresh_tmr, 1 * 1000 * 1000,
+            rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_refresh_tmr_cb, rk);
+
+        /* Automatically refresh the token if using the builtin
+         * unsecure JWS token refresher, to avoid an initial connection
+         * stall as we wait for the application to call poll(). */
+        if (rk->rk_conf.sasl.oauthbearer.token_refresh_cb ==
+            rd_kafka_oauthbearer_unsecured_token) {
+                rk->rk_conf.sasl.oauthbearer.token_refresh_cb(
+                    rk, rk->rk_conf.sasl.oauthbearer_config,
+                    rk->rk_conf.opaque);
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+
+#if WITH_OAUTHBEARER_OIDC
+        if (rk->rk_conf.sasl.oauthbearer.method ==
+                RD_KAFKA_SASL_OAUTHBEARER_METHOD_OIDC &&
+            rk->rk_conf.sasl.oauthbearer.token_refresh_cb ==
+                rd_kafka_oidc_token_refresh_cb) {
+                handle->internal_refresh = rd_true;
+                rd_kafka_sasl_background_callbacks_enable(rk);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /* Otherwise enqueue a refresh callback for the application. */
+        rd_kafka_oauthbearer_enqueue_token_refresh(handle);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Per-client-instance destructor
+ */
+static void rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_term(rd_kafka_t *rk) {
+        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_handle_t *handle = rk->rk_sasl.handle;
+
+        if (!handle)
+                return;
+
+        rk->rk_sasl.handle = NULL;
+
+        rd_kafka_timer_stop(&rk->rk_timers, &handle->token_refresh_tmr, 1);
+
+        RD_IF_FREE(handle->md_principal_name, rd_free);
+        RD_IF_FREE(handle->token_value, rd_free);
+        rd_list_destroy(&handle->extensions);
+        RD_IF_FREE(handle->errstr, rd_free);
+        RD_IF_FREE(handle->callback_q, rd_kafka_q_destroy);
+
+        rwlock_destroy(&handle->lock);
+
+        rd_free(handle);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief SASL/OAUTHBEARER is unable to connect unless a valid
+ *        token is available, and a valid token CANNOT be
+ *        available unless/until an initial token retrieval
+ *        succeeds, so wait for this precondition if necessary.
+ */
+static rd_bool_t rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_ready(rd_kafka_t *rk) {
+        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_handle_t *handle = rk->rk_sasl.handle;
+
+        if (!handle)
+                return rd_false;
+
+        return rd_kafka_oauthbearer_has_token(handle);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief Validate OAUTHBEARER config, which is a no-op
+ * (we rely on initial token retrieval)
+ */
+static int rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_conf_validate(rd_kafka_t *rk,
+                                                   char *errstr,
+                                                   size_t errstr_size) {
+        /*
+         * We must rely on the initial token retrieval as a proxy
+         * for configuration validation because the configuration is
+         * implementation-dependent, and it is not necessarily the case
+         * that the config reflects the default unsecured JWS config
+         * that we know how to parse.
+         */
+        return 0;
+}
+
+
+
+const struct rd_kafka_sasl_provider rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_provider = {
+    .name          = "OAUTHBEARER (builtin)",
+    .init          = rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_init,
+    .term          = rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_term,
+    .ready         = rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_ready,
+    .client_new    = rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_client_new,
+    .recv          = rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_recv,
+    .close         = rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_close,
+    .conf_validate = rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_conf_validate,
+};
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @name Unit tests
+ *
+ *
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief `sasl.oauthbearer.config` test:
+ * should generate correct default values.
+ */
+static int do_unittest_config_defaults(void) {
+        static const char *sasl_oauthbearer_config =
+            "principal=fubar "
+            "scopeClaimName=whatever";
+        // default scope is empty, default lifetime is 3600 seconds
+        // {"alg":"none"}
+        // .
+        // {"sub":"fubar","iat":1.000,"exp":3601.000}
+        //
+        static const char *expected_token_value =
+            "eyJhbGciOiJub25lIn0"
+            "."
+            "eyJzdWIiOiJmdWJhciIsImlhdCI6MS4wMDAsImV4cCI6MzYwMS4wMDB9"
+            ".";
+        rd_ts_t now_wallclock_ms = 1000;
+        char errstr[512];
+        struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token token;
+        int r;
+
+        r = rd_kafka_oauthbearer_unsecured_token0(
+            &token, sasl_oauthbearer_config, now_wallclock_ms, errstr,
+            sizeof(errstr));
+        if (r == -1)
+                RD_UT_FAIL("Failed to create a token: %s: %s",
+                           sasl_oauthbearer_config, errstr);
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(token.md_lifetime_ms == now_wallclock_ms + 3600 * 1000,
+                     "Invalid md_lifetime_ms %" PRId64, token.md_lifetime_ms);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!strcmp(token.md_principal_name, "fubar"),
+                     "Invalid md_principal_name %s", token.md_principal_name);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!strcmp(token.token_value, expected_token_value),
+                     "Invalid token_value %s, expected %s", token.token_value,
+                     expected_token_value);
+
+        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_free(&token);
+
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief `sasl.oauthbearer.config` test:
+ * should generate correct token for explicit scope and lifeSeconds values.
+ */
+static int do_unittest_config_explicit_scope_and_life(void) {
+        static const char *sasl_oauthbearer_config =
+            "principal=fubar "
+            "scope=role1,role2 lifeSeconds=60";
+        // {"alg":"none"}
+        // .
+        // {"sub":"fubar","iat":1.000,"exp":61.000,"scope":["role1","role2"]}
+        //
+        static const char *expected_token_value =
+            "eyJhbGciOiJub25lIn0"
+            "."
+            "eyJzdWIiOiJmdWJhciIsImlhdCI6MS4wMDAsImV4cCI6NjEuMDAwLCJzY29wZ"
+            "SI6WyJyb2xlMSIsInJvbGUyIl19"
+            ".";
+        rd_ts_t now_wallclock_ms = 1000;
+        char errstr[512];
+        struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token token;
+        int r;
+
+        r = rd_kafka_oauthbearer_unsecured_token0(
+            &token, sasl_oauthbearer_config, now_wallclock_ms, errstr,
+            sizeof(errstr));
+        if (r == -1)
+                RD_UT_FAIL("Failed to create a token: %s: %s",
+                           sasl_oauthbearer_config, errstr);
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(token.md_lifetime_ms == now_wallclock_ms + 60 * 1000,
+                     "Invalid md_lifetime_ms %" PRId64, token.md_lifetime_ms);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!strcmp(token.md_principal_name, "fubar"),
+                     "Invalid md_principal_name %s", token.md_principal_name);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!strcmp(token.token_value, expected_token_value),
+                     "Invalid token_value %s, expected %s", token.token_value,
+                     expected_token_value);
+
+        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_free(&token);
+
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief `sasl.oauthbearer.config` test:
+ * should generate correct token when all values are provided explicitly.
+ */
+static int do_unittest_config_all_explicit_values(void) {
+        static const char *sasl_oauthbearer_config =
+            "principal=fubar "
+            "principalClaimName=azp scope=role1,role2 "
+            "scopeClaimName=roles lifeSeconds=60";
+        // {"alg":"none"}
+        // .
+        // {"azp":"fubar","iat":1.000,"exp":61.000,"roles":["role1","role2"]}
+        //
+        static const char *expected_token_value =
+            "eyJhbGciOiJub25lIn0"
+            "."
+            "eyJhenAiOiJmdWJhciIsImlhdCI6MS4wMDAsImV4cCI6NjEuMDAwLCJyb2xlc"
+            "yI6WyJyb2xlMSIsInJvbGUyIl19"
+            ".";
+        rd_ts_t now_wallclock_ms = 1000;
+        char errstr[512];
+        struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token token;
+        int r;
+
+        r = rd_kafka_oauthbearer_unsecured_token0(
+            &token, sasl_oauthbearer_config, now_wallclock_ms, errstr,
+            sizeof(errstr));
+        if (r == -1)
+                RD_UT_FAIL("Failed to create a token: %s: %s",
+                           sasl_oauthbearer_config, errstr);
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(token.md_lifetime_ms == now_wallclock_ms + 60 * 1000,
+                     "Invalid md_lifetime_ms %" PRId64, token.md_lifetime_ms);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!strcmp(token.md_principal_name, "fubar"),
+                     "Invalid md_principal_name %s", token.md_principal_name);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!strcmp(token.token_value, expected_token_value),
+                     "Invalid token_value %s, expected %s", token.token_value,
+                     expected_token_value);
+
+        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_free(&token);
+
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief `sasl.oauthbearer.config` test:
+ * should fail when no principal specified.
+ */
+static int do_unittest_config_no_principal_should_fail(void) {
+        static const char *expected_msg =
+            "Invalid sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+            "no principal=<value>";
+        static const char *sasl_oauthbearer_config =
+            "extension_notaprincipal=hi";
+        rd_ts_t now_wallclock_ms = 1000;
+        char errstr[512];
+        struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token token = RD_ZERO_INIT;
+        int r;
+
+        r = rd_kafka_oauthbearer_unsecured_token0(
+            &token, sasl_oauthbearer_config, now_wallclock_ms, errstr,
+            sizeof(errstr));
+        if (r != -1)
+                rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_free(&token);
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == -1, "Did not fail despite missing principal");
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!strcmp(errstr, expected_msg),
+                     "Incorrect error message when no principal: "
+                     "expected=%s received=%s",
+                     expected_msg, errstr);
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief `sasl.oauthbearer.config` test:
+ * should fail when no sasl.oauthbearer.config is specified.
+ */
+static int do_unittest_config_empty_should_fail(void) {
+        static const char *expected_msg =
+            "Invalid sasl.oauthbearer.config: "
+            "must not be empty";
+        static const char *sasl_oauthbearer_config = "";
+        rd_ts_t now_wallclock_ms                   = 1000;
+        char errstr[512];
+        struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token token = RD_ZERO_INIT;
+        int r;
+
+        r = rd_kafka_oauthbearer_unsecured_token0(
+            &token, sasl_oauthbearer_config, now_wallclock_ms, errstr,
+            sizeof(errstr));
+        if (r != -1)
+                rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_free(&token);
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == -1, "Did not fail despite empty config");
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!strcmp(errstr, expected_msg),
+                     "Incorrect error message with empty config: "
+                     "expected=%s received=%s",
+                     expected_msg, errstr);
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief `sasl.oauthbearer.config` test:
+ * should fail when something unrecognized is specified.
+ */
+static int do_unittest_config_unrecognized_should_fail(void) {
+        static const char *expected_msg =
+            "Unrecognized "
+            "sasl.oauthbearer.config beginning at: unrecognized";
+        static const char *sasl_oauthbearer_config =
+            "principal=fubar unrecognized";
+        rd_ts_t now_wallclock_ms = 1000;
+        char errstr[512];
+        struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token token;
+        int r;
+
+        r = rd_kafka_oauthbearer_unsecured_token0(
+            &token, sasl_oauthbearer_config, now_wallclock_ms, errstr,
+            sizeof(errstr));
+        if (r != -1)
+                rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_free(&token);
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(r == -1, "Did not fail with something unrecognized");
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!strcmp(errstr, expected_msg),
+                     "Incorrect error message with something unrecognized: "
+                     "expected=%s received=%s",
+                     expected_msg, errstr);
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief `sasl.oauthbearer.config` test:
+ * should fail when empty values are specified.
+ */
+static int do_unittest_config_empty_value_should_fail(void) {
+        static const char *sasl_oauthbearer_configs[] = {
+            "principal=", "principal=fubar principalClaimName=",
+            "principal=fubar scope=", "principal=fubar scopeClaimName=",
+            "principal=fubar lifeSeconds="};
+        static const char *expected_prefix =
+            "Invalid sasl.oauthbearer.config: empty";
+        size_t i;
+        rd_ts_t now_wallclock_ms = 1000;
+        char errstr[512];
+        int r;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < sizeof(sasl_oauthbearer_configs) / sizeof(const char *);
+             i++) {
+                struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token token;
+                r = rd_kafka_oauthbearer_unsecured_token0(
+                    &token, sasl_oauthbearer_configs[i], now_wallclock_ms,
+                    errstr, sizeof(errstr));
+                if (r != -1)
+                        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_free(&token);
+
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(r == -1, "Did not fail with an empty value: %s",
+                             sasl_oauthbearer_configs[i]);
+
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(
+                    !strncmp(expected_prefix, errstr, strlen(expected_prefix)),
+                    "Incorrect error message prefix when empty "
+                    "(%s): expected=%s received=%s",
+                    sasl_oauthbearer_configs[i], expected_prefix, errstr);
+        }
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief `sasl.oauthbearer.config` test:
+ * should fail when value with embedded quote is specified.
+ */
+static int do_unittest_config_value_with_quote_should_fail(void) {
+        static const char *sasl_oauthbearer_configs[] = {
+            "principal=\"fu", "principal=fubar principalClaimName=\"bar",
+            "principal=fubar scope=\"a,b,c",
+            "principal=fubar scopeClaimName=\"baz"};
+        static const char *expected_prefix =
+            "Invalid "
+            "sasl.oauthbearer.config: '\"' cannot appear in ";
+        size_t i;
+        rd_ts_t now_wallclock_ms = 1000;
+        char errstr[512];
+        int r;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < sizeof(sasl_oauthbearer_configs) / sizeof(const char *);
+             i++) {
+                struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token token;
+                r = rd_kafka_oauthbearer_unsecured_token0(
+                    &token, sasl_oauthbearer_configs[i], now_wallclock_ms,
+                    errstr, sizeof(errstr));
+                if (r != -1)
+                        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_free(&token);
+
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(r == -1, "Did not fail with embedded quote: %s",
+                             sasl_oauthbearer_configs[i]);
+
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(
+                    !strncmp(expected_prefix, errstr, strlen(expected_prefix)),
+                    "Incorrect error message prefix with "
+                    "embedded quote (%s): expected=%s received=%s",
+                    sasl_oauthbearer_configs[i], expected_prefix, errstr);
+        }
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief `sasl.oauthbearer.config` test:
+ * should generate correct extensions.
+ */
+static int do_unittest_config_extensions(void) {
+        static const char *sasl_oauthbearer_config =
+            "principal=fubar "
+            "extension_a=b extension_yz=yzval";
+        rd_ts_t now_wallclock_ms = 1000;
+        char errstr[512];
+        struct rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token token;
+        int r;
+
+        r = rd_kafka_oauthbearer_unsecured_token0(
+            &token, sasl_oauthbearer_config, now_wallclock_ms, errstr,
+            sizeof(errstr));
+
+        if (r == -1)
+                RD_UT_FAIL("Failed to create a token: %s: %s",
+                           sasl_oauthbearer_config, errstr);
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(token.extension_size == 4,
+                     "Incorrect extensions: expected 4, received %" PRIusz,
+                     token.extension_size);
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!strcmp(token.extensions[0], "a") &&
+                         !strcmp(token.extensions[1], "b") &&
+                         !strcmp(token.extensions[2], "yz") &&
+                         !strcmp(token.extensions[3], "yzval"),
+                     "Incorrect extensions: expected a=b and "
+                     "yz=yzval but received %s=%s and %s=%s",
+                     token.extensions[0], token.extensions[1],
+                     token.extensions[2], token.extensions[3]);
+
+        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_token_free(&token);
+
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief make sure illegal extensions keys are rejected
+ */
+static int do_unittest_illegal_extension_keys_should_fail(void) {
+        static const char *illegal_keys[] = {"", "auth", "a1", " a"};
+        size_t i;
+        char errstr[512];
+        int r;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < sizeof(illegal_keys) / sizeof(const char *); i++) {
+                r = check_oauthbearer_extension_key(illegal_keys[i], errstr,
+                                                    sizeof(errstr));
+                RD_UT_ASSERT(r == -1,
+                             "Did not recognize illegal extension key: %s",
+                             illegal_keys[i]);
+        }
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief make sure illegal extensions keys are rejected
+ */
+static int do_unittest_odd_extension_size_should_fail(void) {
+        static const char *expected_errstr =
+            "Incorrect extension size "
+            "(must be a non-negative multiple of 2): 1";
+        char errstr[512];
+        rd_kafka_resp_err_t err;
+        rd_kafka_t rk                             = RD_ZERO_INIT;
+        rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_handle_t handle = RD_ZERO_INIT;
+
+        rk.rk_conf.sasl.provider = &rd_kafka_sasl_oauthbearer_provider;
+        rk.rk_sasl.handle        = &handle;
+
+        rwlock_init(&handle.lock);
+
+        err = rd_kafka_oauthbearer_set_token0(&rk, "abcd", 1000, "fubar", NULL,
+                                              1, errstr, sizeof(errstr));
+
+        rwlock_destroy(&handle.lock);
+
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(err, "Did not recognize illegal extension size");
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(!strcmp(errstr, expected_errstr),
+                     "Incorrect error message for illegal "
+                     "extension size: expected=%s; received=%s",
+                     expected_errstr, errstr);
+        RD_UT_ASSERT(err == RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__INVALID_ARG,
+                     "Expected ErrInvalidArg, not %s", rd_kafka_err2name(err));
+
+        RD_UT_PASS();
+}
+
+int unittest_sasl_oauthbearer(void) {
+        int fails = 0;
+
+        fails += do_unittest_config_no_principal_should_fail();
+        fails += do_unittest_config_empty_should_fail();
+        fails += do_unittest_config_empty_value_should_fail();
+        fails += do_unittest_config_value_with_quote_should_fail();
+        fails += do_unittest_config_unrecognized_should_fail();
+        fails += do_unittest_config_defaults();
+        fails += do_unittest_config_explicit_scope_and_life();
+        fails += do_unittest_config_all_explicit_values();
+        fails += do_unittest_config_extensions();
+        fails += do_unittest_illegal_extension_keys_should_fail();
+        fails += do_unittest_odd_extension_size_should_fail();
+
+        return fails;
+}