@pikku/core 0.12.4 → 0.12.5

package/src/wirings/workflow/pikku-workflow-service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1179 @@
+import { runPikkuFunc } from '../../function/function-runner.js'
+import {
+  getSingletonServices,
+  getCreateWireServices,
+  pikkuState,
+} from '../../pikku-state.js'
+import { getDurationInMilliseconds } from '../../time-utils.js'
+import type { PikkuWire, SerializedError } from '../../types/core.types.js'
+import type { QueueService } from '../queue/queue.types.js'
+import type {
+  PikkuWorkflowWire,
+  StepState,
+  WorkflowRun,
+  WorkflowRunWire,
+  WorkflowStatus,
+  WorkflowVersionStatus,
+  WorkflowServiceConfig,
+  WorkflowStepOptions,
+} from './workflow.types.js'
+import {
+  continueGraph,
+  executeGraphStep,
+  runWorkflowGraph,
+  runFromMeta,
+} from './graph/graph-runner.js'
+import type { WorkflowService } from '../../services/workflow-service.js'
+import { PikkuError, addError } from '../../errors/error-handler.js'
+import { RPCNotFoundError } from '../rpc/rpc-runner.js'
+
+/**
+ * Exception thrown when workflow needs to pause for async step
+ */
+export class WorkflowAsyncException extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    public readonly runId: string,
+    public readonly stepName: string
+  ) {
+    super(`Workflow paused at step: ${stepName}`)
+    this.name = 'WorkflowAsyncException'
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Exception thrown when workflow is cancelled
+ */
+export class WorkflowCancelledException extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    public readonly runId: string,
+    public readonly reason?: string
+  ) {
+    super(reason || 'Workflow cancelled')
+    this.name = 'WorkflowCancelledException'
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Exception thrown when workflow is suspended
+ */
+export class WorkflowSuspendedException extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    public readonly runId: string,
+    public readonly reason: string
+  ) {
+    super(reason || 'Workflow suspended')
+    this.name = 'WorkflowSuspendedException'
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Error class for workflow not found
+ */
+export class WorkflowNotFoundError extends PikkuError {
+  constructor(name: string) {
+    super(`Workflow not found: ${name}`)
+  }
+}
+addError(WorkflowNotFoundError, {
+  status: 404,
+  message: 'Workflow not found.',
+})
+
+export class WorkflowRunNotFoundError extends PikkuError {
+  constructor(runId: string) {
+    super(`Workflow run not found: ${runId}`)
+  }
+}
+addError(WorkflowRunNotFoundError, {
+  status: 404,
+  message: 'Workflow run not found.',
+})
+
+export class WorkflowServiceNotInitialized extends Error {}
+export class WorkflowStepNameNotString extends Error {
+  constructor(stepName: any) {
+    super(`Workflow step name must be a string. Received: ${typeof stepName}`)
+  }
+}
+
+const WORKFLOW_END_STATES: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
+  'completed',
+  'failed',
+  'cancelled',
+  'suspended',
+])
+
+/**
+ * Abstract workflow state service
+ * Implementations provide pluggable storage backends (SQLite, PostgreSQL, etc.)
+ * Combines orchestration and step execution
+ */
+export abstract class PikkuWorkflowService implements WorkflowService {
+  private inlineRuns = new Set<string>()
+
+  constructor() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Check if a run is executing inline (without queues)
+   */
+  protected isInline(runId: string): boolean {
+    return this.inlineRuns.has(runId)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Register a run as inline (for graph-runner to use)
+   */
+  public registerInlineRun(runId: string): void {
+    this.inlineRuns.add(runId)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Unregister a run from inline tracking
+   */
+  public unregisterInlineRun(runId: string): void {
+    this.inlineRuns.delete(runId)
+  }
+
+  public async registerWorkflowVersions(): Promise<void> {
+    const allMeta = pikkuState(null, 'workflows', 'meta')
+    for (const [name, meta] of Object.entries(allMeta)) {
+      if (!meta.graphHash) continue
+      await this.upsertWorkflowVersion(name, meta.graphHash, meta, meta.source)
+    }
+  }
+
+  abstract createRun(
+    workflowName: string,
+    input: any,
+    inline: boolean,
+    graphHash: string,
+    wire: WorkflowRunWire
+  ): Promise<string>
+
+  /**
+   * Get a workflow run by ID
+   * @param id - Run ID
+   * @returns Workflow run or null if not found
+   */
+  abstract getRun(id: string): Promise<WorkflowRun | null>
+
+  /**
+   * Get workflow run history (all step attempts in chronological order)
+   * @param runId - Run ID
+   * @returns Array of step states with step names, ordered oldest to newest
+   */
+  abstract getRunHistory(
+    runId: string
+  ): Promise<Array<StepState & { stepName: string }>>
+
+  /**
+   * Update workflow run status
+   * @param id - Run ID
+   * @param status - New status
+   */
+  abstract updateRunStatus(
+    id: string,
+    status: WorkflowStatus,
+    output?: any,
+    error?: SerializedError
+  ): Promise<void>
+
+  /**
+   * Insert initial step state (called by orchestrator)
+   * Creates pending step in both workflow_step and workflow_step_history
+   * @param runId - Run ID
+   * @param stepName - Step cache key
+   * @param rpcName - RPC function name
+   * @param data - Step input data
+   * @param stepOptions - Step options (retries, retryDelay)
+   * @returns Step state with generated stepId
+   */
+  abstract insertStepState(
+    runId: string,
+    stepName: string,
+    rpcName: string | null,
+    data: any,
+    stepOptions?: WorkflowStepOptions
+  ): Promise<StepState>
+
+  /**
+   * Get step state by cache key (read-only)
+   * @param runId - Run ID
+   * @param stepName - Step cache key (from workflow.do)
+   * @returns Step state with attemptCount calculated from history
+   */
+  abstract getStepState(runId: string, stepName: string): Promise<StepState>
+
+  /**
+   * Mark step as running
+   * Updates both workflow_step and workflow_step_history
+   * @param stepId - Step ID
+   */
+  abstract setStepRunning(stepId: string): Promise<void>
+
+  /**
+   * Mark step as scheduled (queued for execution)
+   * Updates both workflow_step and workflow_step_history
+   * @param stepId - Step ID
+   */
+  abstract setStepScheduled(stepId: string): Promise<void>
+
+  /**
+   * Store step result and mark as succeeded
+   * Updates both workflow_step and workflow_step_history
+   * @param stepId - Step ID
+   * @param result - Step result
+   */
+  abstract setStepResult(stepId: string, result: any): Promise<void>
+
+  /**
+   * Store step error and mark as failed
+   * Updates both workflow_step and workflow_step_history
+   * @param stepId - Step ID
+   * @param error - Error object
+   */
+  abstract setStepError(stepId: string, error: Error): Promise<void>
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new retry attempt for a failed step
+   * Inserts new pending step in both workflow_step and workflow_step_history
+   * Resets status to 'pending' with new stepId
+   * Copies metadata (rpcName, data, retries, retryDelay) from failed attempt
+   * @param failedStepId - Failed step ID to copy from
+   * @returns New step state for the retry attempt
+   */
+  abstract createRetryAttempt(
+    failedStepId: string,
+    status: 'pending' | 'running'
+  ): Promise<StepState>
+
+  /**
+   * Execute function within a run lock to prevent concurrent modifications
+   * @param id - Run ID
+   * @param fn - Function to execute
+   * @returns Function result
+   */
+  abstract withRunLock<T>(id: string, fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T>
+
+  /**
+   * Execute function within a step lock to prevent concurrent step execution
+   * @param runId - Run ID
+   * @param stepName - Step name
+   * @param fn - Function to execute
+   * @returns Function result
+   */
+  abstract withStepLock<T>(
+    runId: string,
+    stepName: string,
+    fn: () => Promise<T>
+  ): Promise<T>
+
+  /**
+   * Close any open connections
+   */
+  abstract close(): Promise<void>
+
+  // ============================================================================
+  // Workflow Graph Methods
+  // ============================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * Get completed graph state (lightweight - no results)
+   * @param runId - Run ID
+   * @returns Completed node IDs and their branch keys
+   */
+  abstract getCompletedGraphState(runId: string): Promise<{
+    completedNodeIds: string[]
+    failedNodeIds: string[]
+    branchKeys: Record<string, string>
+  }>
+
+  /**
+   * Filter candidate nodes to only those without existing steps
+   * @param runId - Run ID
+   * @param nodeIds - Candidate node IDs to check
+   * @returns Node IDs that don't have a step yet
+   */
+  abstract getNodesWithoutSteps(
+    runId: string,
+    nodeIds: string[]
+  ): Promise<string[]>
+
+  /**
+   * Get results for specific nodes
+   * @param runId - Run ID
+   * @param nodeIds - Node IDs to fetch results for
+   * @returns Map of nodeId to result
+   */
+  abstract getNodeResults(
+    runId: string,
+    nodeIds: string[]
+  ): Promise<Record<string, any>>
+
+  /**
+   * Set the branch key for a graph node step
+   * @param stepId - Step ID
+   * @param branchKey - Branch key selected by graph.branch()
+   */
+  abstract setBranchTaken(stepId: string, branchKey: string): Promise<void>
+
+  /**
+   * Update a state variable in the workflow run's state
+   * @param runId - Run ID
+   * @param name - Variable name
+   * @param value - Value to store
+   */
+  abstract updateRunState(
+    runId: string,
+    name: string,
+    value: unknown
+  ): Promise<void>
+
+  /**
+   * Get the entire state object for a workflow run
+   * @param runId - Run ID
+   * @returns The state object with all variables
+   */
+  abstract getRunState(runId: string): Promise<Record<string, unknown>>
+
+  abstract upsertWorkflowVersion(
+    name: string,
+    graphHash: string,
+    graph: any,
+    source: string,
+    status?: WorkflowVersionStatus
+  ): Promise<void>
+
+  abstract updateWorkflowVersionStatus(
+    name: string,
+    graphHash: string,
+    status: WorkflowVersionStatus
+  ): Promise<void>
+
+  abstract getWorkflowVersion(
+    name: string,
+    graphHash: string
+  ): Promise<{ graph: any; source: string } | null>
+
+  abstract getAIGeneratedWorkflows(
+    agentName?: string
+  ): Promise<Array<{ workflowName: string; graphHash: string; graph: any }>>
+
+  // ============================================================================
+  // Workflow Lifecycle Methods
+  // ============================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * Resume a paused workflow by triggering the orchestrator
+   * @param runId - Run ID
+   */
+  public async resumeWorkflow(runId: string): Promise<void> {
+    const queueService = this.verifyQueueService()
+    await queueService.add(this.getConfig().orchestratorQueueName, { runId })
+  }
+
+  public async queueStepWorker(
+    runId: string,
+    stepName: string,
+    rpcName: string,
+    data: any
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const queueService = this.verifyQueueService()
+    await queueService.add(this.getConfig().stepWorkerQueueName, {
+      runId,
+      stepName,
+      rpcName,
+      data,
+    })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a workflow sleep step completion
+   * Sets the step result to null and resumes the workflow
+   * @param data - Sleeper input data
+   */
+  public async executeWorkflowSleepCompleted(
+    runId: string,
+    stepId: string
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    await this.setStepResult(stepId, null)
+    await this.resumeWorkflow(runId)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Schedule orchestrator retry with delay
+   * @param runId - Run ID
+   * @param retryDelay - Delay in milliseconds or duration string (optional)
+   */
+  protected async scheduleOrchestratorRetry(
+    runId: string,
+    retryDelay?: number | string
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const queueService = this.verifyQueueService()
+    await queueService.add(
+      this.getConfig().orchestratorQueueName,
+      { runId },
+      retryDelay ? { delay: getDurationInMilliseconds(retryDelay) } : undefined
+    )
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Start a new workflow run
+   * Automatically detects workflow type (DSL or graph) from meta and executes accordingly
+   * @param options.inline - If true, execute workflow directly without queue service
+   * @param options.startNode - Starting node ID for graph workflows (from wire config)
+   */
+  public async startWorkflow<I>(
+    name: string,
+    input: I,
+    wire: WorkflowRunWire,
+    rpcService: any,
+    options?: { inline?: boolean; startNode?: string }
+  ): Promise<{ runId: string }> {
+    // Check meta to determine workflow type
+    const meta = pikkuState(null, 'workflows', 'meta')
+    const workflowMeta = meta[name]
+
+    if (!workflowMeta) {
+      throw new WorkflowNotFoundError(name)
+    }
+
+    if (workflowMeta.source === 'graph' || workflowMeta.source === 'ai-agent') {
+      const shouldInline =
+        options?.inline || !getSingletonServices()?.queueService
+      return runWorkflowGraph(
+        this,
+        name,
+        input,
+        rpcService,
+        shouldInline,
+        options?.startNode,
+        wire
+      )
+    }
+
+    // DSL workflow - check registration exists
+    const registrations = pikkuState(null, 'workflows', 'registrations')
+    const workflow = registrations.get(name)
+
+    if (!workflow) {
+      throw new WorkflowNotFoundError(name)
+    }
+
+    if (!workflowMeta.graphHash) {
+      throw new Error(`Missing workflow graphHash for '${name}'`)
+    }
+
+    const shouldInline =
+      options?.inline || !getSingletonServices()?.queueService
+
+    const runId = await this.createRun(
+      name,
+      input,
+      shouldInline,
+      workflowMeta.graphHash,
+      wire
+    )
+
+    if (shouldInline) {
+      this.inlineRuns.add(runId)
+      this.runWorkflowJob(runId, rpcService)
+        .catch((err) => {
+          getSingletonServices()!.logger.error(
+            `Workflow ${name} (run ${runId}) failed:`,
+            err
+          )
+        })
+        .finally(() => {
+          this.inlineRuns.delete(runId)
+        })
+    } else {
+      await this.resumeWorkflow(runId)
+    }
+
+    return { runId }
+  }
+
+  public async runToCompletion<I>(
+    name: string,
+    input: I,
+    rpcService: any,
+    options?: { pollIntervalMs?: number; wire?: WorkflowRunWire }
+  ): Promise<any> {
+    const pollInterval = options?.pollIntervalMs ?? 1000
+    const { runId } = await this.startWorkflow(
+      name,
+      input,
+      options?.wire ?? { type: 'internal' },
+      rpcService,
+      { inline: true }
+    )
+    while (true) {
+      const run = await this.getRun(runId)
+      if (!run) {
+        throw new WorkflowRunNotFoundError(runId)
+      }
+      if (WORKFLOW_END_STATES.has(run.status)) {
+        if (run.status === 'failed') {
+          throw new Error(run.error?.message || 'Workflow failed')
+        }
+        if (run.status === 'cancelled') {
+          throw new Error('Workflow was cancelled')
+        }
+        return run.output
+      }
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, pollInterval))
+    }
+  }
+
+  public async runWorkflowJob(runId: string, rpcService: any): Promise<void> {
+    const run = await this.getRun(runId)
+    if (!run) {
+      throw new WorkflowRunNotFoundError(runId)
+    }
+
+    const meta = pikkuState(null, 'workflows', 'meta')
+    const workflowMeta = meta[run.workflow]
+
+    if (
+      run.graphHash &&
+      workflowMeta?.graphHash &&
+      run.graphHash !== workflowMeta.graphHash
+    ) {
+      await this.runVersionMismatchFallback(run, workflowMeta, rpcService)
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (workflowMeta?.source === 'graph') {
+      await continueGraph(this, runId, run.workflow)
+      return
+    }
+
+    const registrations = pikkuState(null, 'workflows', 'registrations')
+    const workflow = registrations.get(run.workflow)
+    if (!workflow) {
+      throw new WorkflowNotFoundError(run.workflow)
+    }
+
+    await this.withRunLock(runId, async () => {
+      const workflowWire = this.createWorkflowWire(
+        run.workflow,
+        runId,
+        rpcService
+      )
+      const wire: PikkuWire = { workflow: workflowWire }
+      try {
+        const result = await runPikkuFunc(
+          'workflow',
+          workflowMeta.name,
+          workflowMeta.pikkuFuncId,
+          {
+            singletonServices: getSingletonServices()!,
+            wire,
+            createWireServices: getCreateWireServices(),
+            data: () => run.input,
+          }
+        )
+
+        await this.updateRunStatus(runId, 'completed', result)
+      } catch (error: any) {
+        if (error instanceof WorkflowAsyncException) {
+          throw error
+        }
+
+        if (error instanceof WorkflowCancelledException) {
+          await this.updateRunStatus(runId, 'cancelled', undefined, {
+            message: error.message || 'Workflow cancelled',
+            stack: '',
+            code: 'WORKFLOW_CANCELLED',
+          })
+          throw error
+        }
+
+        if (error instanceof WorkflowSuspendedException) {
+          await this.updateRunStatus(runId, 'suspended', undefined, {
+            message: error.message || 'Workflow suspended',
+            stack: '',
+            code: 'WORKFLOW_SUSPENDED',
+          })
+          throw error
+        }
+
+        await this.updateRunStatus(runId, 'failed', undefined, {
+          message: error.message,
+          stack: error.stack,
+          code: error.code,
+        })
+
+        throw error
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  private async runVersionMismatchFallback(
+    run: WorkflowRun,
+    currentMeta: { source: string },
+    rpcService: any
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const source = currentMeta.source
+
+    if (source === 'complex') {
+      await this.updateRunStatus(run.id, 'failed', undefined, {
+        message: `Workflow '${run.workflow}' definition changed. Complex workflows with inline steps cannot be migrated.`,
+        stack: '',
+        code: 'VERSION_CONFLICT',
+      })
+      return
+    }
+
+    const version = await this.getWorkflowVersion(run.workflow, run.graphHash!)
+    if (!version) {
+      await this.updateRunStatus(run.id, 'failed', undefined, {
+        message: `Workflow '${run.workflow}' version '${run.graphHash}' not found. Cannot resume with changed definition.`,
+        stack: '',
+        code: 'VERSION_NOT_FOUND',
+      })
+      return
+    }
+
+    await runFromMeta(this, run.id, version.graph, rpcService)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a single workflow step (called by worker)
+   * Handles idempotency, RPC execution, result storage, retry logic, and orchestrator triggering
+   */
+  public async executeWorkflowStep(
+    runId: string,
+    stepName: string,
+    rpcName: string,
+    data: any,
+    rpcService: any
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    // Use step-level lock to prevent concurrent execution of same step
+    await this.withStepLock(runId, stepName, async () => {
+      // Get step state
+      let stepState = await this.getStepState(runId, stepName)
+
+      // Idempotency - if already succeeded, resume orchestrator and return
+      if (stepState.status === 'succeeded') {
+        await this.resumeWorkflow(runId)
+        return
+      }
+
+      // Log warning if already running (race condition)
+      if (stepState.status === 'running') {
+        return
+      }
+
+      // If status is 'failed', this is a retry - create new attempt history
+      if (stepState.status === 'failed') {
+        stepState = await this.createRetryAttempt(stepState.stepId, 'running')
+      }
+
+      if (stepState.status === 'pending') {
+        // Mark pending step as running before execution
+        await this.setStepRunning(stepState.stepId)
+      }
+
+      try {
+        let result: any
+
+        const run = await this.getRun(runId)
+        if (!run) {
+          throw new Error(`Workflow run not found: ${runId}`)
+        }
+
+        const meta = pikkuState(null, 'workflows', 'meta')
+        const workflowMeta = meta[run.workflow]
+
+        if (workflowMeta?.nodes && stepName in workflowMeta.nodes) {
+          result = await executeGraphStep(
+            this,
+            rpcService,
+            runId,
+            stepState.stepId,
+            stepName,
+            rpcName,
+            data,
+            run.workflow
+          )
+        } else {
+          result = await rpcService.rpcWithWire(rpcName, data, {
+            workflowStep: {
+              runId,
+              stepId: stepState.stepId,
+              attemptCount: stepState.attemptCount,
+            },
+          })
+        }
+
+        // Store result and mark succeeded
+        await this.setStepResult(stepState.stepId, result)
+
+        // Resume orchestrator to continue workflow
+        await this.resumeWorkflow(runId)
+      } catch (error: any) {
+        if (error instanceof RPCNotFoundError) {
+          await this.setStepError(stepState.stepId, error)
+          await this.updateRunStatus(runId, 'suspended', undefined, {
+            message: `RPC '${rpcName}' not found. Deploy the missing function and resume.`,
+            code: 'RPC_NOT_FOUND',
+          })
+          return
+        }
+
+        // Store error and mark failed
+        await this.setStepError(stepState.stepId, error)
+
+        const maxAttempts = (stepState.retries ?? 0) + 1
+        const retriesExhausted = stepState.attemptCount >= maxAttempts
+
+        if (retriesExhausted) {
+          // No more retries - resume orchestrator to mark workflow as failed
+          await this.resumeWorkflow(runId)
+        }
+
+        // Always throw so queue knows the job failed and can retry if needed
+        throw error
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Orchestrate workflow execution (called by orchestrator)
+   * Runs workflow job and handles async exceptions
+   */
+  public async orchestrateWorkflow(
+    runId: string,
+    rpcService: any
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      // Run workflow job (replays with caching)
+      await this.runWorkflowJob(runId, rpcService)
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      if (
+        error.name === 'WorkflowAsyncException' ||
+        error.name === 'WorkflowCancelledException' ||
+        error.name === 'WorkflowSuspendedException'
+      ) {
+        return
+      }
+
+      await this.updateRunStatus(runId, 'failed', undefined, {
+        message: error.message,
+        stack: error.stack,
+        code: error.code,
+      })
+
+      throw error
+    }
+  }
+
+  private verifyQueueService(): QueueService {
+    if (!getSingletonServices()?.queueService) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'QueueService not configured. Remote workflows require a queue service.'
+      )
+    }
+
+    return getSingletonServices()!.queueService!
+  }
+
+  private async rpcStep(
+    runId: string,
+    stepName: string,
+    rpcName: string,
+    data: any,
+    rpcService: any,
+    stepOptions?: WorkflowStepOptions
+  ): Promise<any> {
+    // Check if step already exists
+    let stepState: StepState
+    try {
+      stepState = await this.getStepState(runId, stepName)
+    } catch {
+      // Step doesn't exist - create it
+      stepState = await this.insertStepState(
+        runId,
+        stepName,
+        rpcName,
+        data,
+        stepOptions
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (stepState.status === 'succeeded') {
+      // Return cached result
+      return stepState.result
+    }
+
+    if (stepState.status === 'failed') {
+      // Step failed with retries exhausted - throw error to fail the workflow
+      const error = new Error(
+        stepState.error?.message ||
+          `Step '${stepName}' failed after exhausting all retries`
+      )
+      // Preserve original error properties if available
+      if (stepState.error) {
+        Object.assign(error, stepState.error)
+      }
+      throw error
+    }
+
+    if (stepState.status === 'scheduled') {
+      // Step is already scheduled, pause workflow
+      throw new WorkflowAsyncException(runId, stepName)
+    }
+
+    // Step is pending - schedule it
+    await this.setStepScheduled(stepState.stepId)
+
+    // Enqueue step worker (unless inline mode)
+    if (!this.isInline(runId) && getSingletonServices()!.queueService) {
+      // Map step retry options to queue job options
+      const retries = stepOptions?.retries ?? 0
+      const retryDelay = stepOptions?.retryDelay
+
+      await getSingletonServices()!.queueService!.add(
+        this.getConfig().stepWorkerQueueName,
+        {
+          runId,
+          stepName,
+          rpcName,
+          data,
+        },
+        {
+          // attempts includes initial attempt, retries doesn't
+          attempts: retries + 1,
+          // Map retry delay to backoff
+          backoff:
+            typeof retryDelay === 'number'
+              ? { type: 'fixed', delay: retryDelay }
+              : retryDelay === 'exponential'
+                ? 'exponential'
+                : undefined,
+        }
+      )
+      // Pause workflow - step will callback when done
+      throw new WorkflowAsyncException(runId, stepName)
+    } else {
+      // Inline or no queue service - execute locally with retry loop
+      const retries = stepOptions?.retries ?? 0
+      const retryDelay = stepOptions?.retryDelay
+      let currentStepState = stepState
+
+      while (true) {
+        try {
+          await this.setStepRunning(currentStepState.stepId)
+          const result = await rpcService.rpcWithWire(rpcName, data, {
+            workflowStep: {
+              runId,
+              stepId: currentStepState.stepId,
+              attemptCount: currentStepState.attemptCount,
+            },
+          })
+          await this.setStepResult(currentStepState.stepId, result)
+          return result
+        } catch (error: any) {
+          if (error instanceof RPCNotFoundError) {
+            await this.updateRunStatus(runId, 'suspended', undefined, {
+              message: `RPC '${rpcName}' not found. Deploy the missing function and resume.`,
+              code: 'RPC_NOT_FOUND',
+            })
+            throw error
+          }
+
+          // Record the error (marks step as failed)
+          await this.setStepError(currentStepState.stepId, error)
+
+          // Check if we should retry
+          if (currentStepState.attemptCount < retries) {
+            // Create a new pending retry attempt
+            currentStepState = await this.createRetryAttempt(
+              currentStepState.stepId,
+              'pending'
+            )
+
+            // Wait for retry delay if specified
+            if (retryDelay) {
+              await new Promise((resolve) =>
+                setTimeout(resolve, getDurationInMilliseconds(retryDelay))
+              )
+            }
+            // Continue loop to retry
+          } else {
+            // No more retries, fail the workflow
+            throw error
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async inlineStep(
+    runId: string,
+    stepName: string,
+    fn: Function,
+    stepOptions?: WorkflowStepOptions
+  ): Promise<any> {
+    // Check if step already exists
+    let stepState: StepState
+    try {
+      stepState = await this.getStepState(runId, stepName)
+    } catch {
+      // Step doesn't exist - create it (inline, no RPC)
+      stepState = await this.insertStepState(
+        runId,
+        stepName,
+        null,
+        null,
+        stepOptions
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (stepState.status === 'succeeded') {
+      // Return cached result
+      return stepState.result
+    }
+
+    // Execute inline function
+    const retries = stepOptions?.retries ?? this.getConfig().retries
+    const retryDelay = stepOptions?.retryDelay ?? this.getConfig().retryDelay
+    let currentStepState = stepState
+
+    // Check if we're running inline (in-memory) or remote (queue-based)
+    if (this.isInline(runId)) {
+      // Inline mode - execute with retry loop
+      while (true) {
+        try {
+          await this.setStepRunning(currentStepState.stepId)
+          const result = await fn()
+          await this.setStepResult(currentStepState.stepId, result)
+          return result
+        } catch (error: any) {
+          // Record the error (marks step as failed)
+          await this.setStepError(currentStepState.stepId, error)
+
+          // Check if we should retry
+          if (currentStepState.attemptCount < retries) {
+            // Create a new pending retry attempt
+            currentStepState = await this.createRetryAttempt(
+              currentStepState.stepId,
+              'pending'
+            )
+
+            // Wait for retry delay if specified
+            if (retryDelay) {
+              await new Promise((resolve) =>
+                setTimeout(resolve, getDurationInMilliseconds(retryDelay))
+              )
+            }
+            // Continue loop to retry
+          } else {
+            // No more retries, fail the workflow
+            throw error
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Remote mode - use queue-based retry
+      try {
+        await this.setStepRunning(currentStepState.stepId)
+        const result = await fn()
+        await this.setStepResult(currentStepState.stepId, result)
+        return result
+      } catch (error: any) {
+        // Record the error (marks step as failed)
+        await this.setStepError(currentStepState.stepId, error)
+
+        // Check if we should retry
+        if (currentStepState.attemptCount < retries) {
+          // Create a new pending retry attempt (copies metadata from failed step)
+          await this.createRetryAttempt(currentStepState.stepId, 'pending')
+
+          // Schedule orchestrator to retry after delay
+          await this.scheduleOrchestratorRetry(runId, retryDelay)
+
+          // Pause workflow - orchestrator will replay and pick up new attempt
+          throw new WorkflowAsyncException(runId, stepName)
+        }
+
+        // No more retries, fail the workflow
+        throw error
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async sleepStep(runId: string, stepName: string, duration: number) {
+    // Check if step already exists
+    let stepState: StepState
+    try {
+      stepState = await this.getStepState(runId, stepName)
+    } catch {
+      // Step doesn't exist - create it (sleep step, no RPC)
+      stepState = await this.insertStepState(runId, stepName, null, {
+        duration,
+      })
+    }
+
+    if (stepState.status === 'succeeded') {
+      // Sleep already completed, return immediately
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (stepState.status === 'scheduled') {
+      // Sleep is already scheduled, pause workflow
+      throw new WorkflowAsyncException(runId, stepName)
+    }
+
+    // Step is pending - schedule it
+    await this.setStepScheduled(stepState.stepId)
+
+    // Check if inline mode or no scheduler service
+    if (!this.isInline(runId) && getSingletonServices()!.schedulerService) {
+      // Remote mode - schedule sleep via scheduler service
+      await getSingletonServices()!.schedulerService!.scheduleRPC(
+        duration,
+        this.getConfig().sleeperRPCName,
+        {
+          runId,
+          stepId: stepState.stepId,
+        }
+      )
+      // Pause workflow - sleep will callback when done
+      throw new WorkflowAsyncException(runId, stepName)
+    } else {
+      // Inline mode - use setTimeout with actual duration
+      await new Promise((resolve) =>
+        setTimeout(resolve, getDurationInMilliseconds(duration))
+      )
+      await this.setStepResult(stepState.stepId, null)
+      return
+    }
+  }
+
+  private getSuspendStepName(reason: string): string {
+    if (!reason) {
+      return '__workflow_suspend'
+    }
+    return '__workflow_suspend'
+  }
+
+  private async suspendStep(runId: string, reason: string): Promise<void> {
+    const stepName = this.getSuspendStepName(reason)
+    await this.withStepLock(runId, stepName, async () => {
+      let stepState: StepState
+      try {
+        stepState = await this.getStepState(runId, stepName)
+      } catch {
+        stepState = await this.insertStepState(
+          runId,
+          stepName,
+          'pikkuWorkflowSuspend',
+          {
+            reason,
+          }
+        )
+      }
+      if (!stepState.stepId) {
+        stepState = await this.insertStepState(
+          runId,
+          stepName,
+          'pikkuWorkflowSuspend',
+          {
+            reason,
+          }
+        )
+      }
+
+      if (stepState.status === 'succeeded') {
+        return
+      }
+
+      if (stepState.status === 'pending') {
+        await this.setStepRunning(stepState.stepId)
+      }
+
+      await this.setStepResult(stepState.stepId, {
+        reason,
+        suspendedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+      })
+      throw new WorkflowSuspendedException(runId, reason)
+    })
+  }
+
+  private createWorkflowWire(
+    name: string,
+    runId: string,
+    rpcService: any
+  ): PikkuWorkflowWire {
+    const workflowWire: PikkuWorkflowWire = {
+      name,
+      runId,
+      getRun: async () => (await this.getRun(runId)) as WorkflowRun,
+
+      // Implement workflow.do() - RPC form
+      do: async (
+        stepName: string,
+        rpcNameOrFn: any,
+        dataOrOptions?: any,
+        options?: any
+      ) => {
+        this.verifyStepName(stepName)
+        if (typeof rpcNameOrFn === 'string') {
+          return await this.rpcStep(
+            runId,
+            stepName,
+            rpcNameOrFn,
+            dataOrOptions,
+            rpcService,
+            options
+          )
+        } else {
+          return await this.inlineStep(
+            runId,
+            stepName,
+            rpcNameOrFn,
+            dataOrOptions
+          )
+        }
+      },
+
+      // Implement workflow.sleep()
+      sleep: async (stepName: string, duration: string | number) => {
+        this.verifyStepName(stepName)
+        await this.sleepStep(
+          runId,
+          stepName,
+          getDurationInMilliseconds(duration)
+        )
+      },
+
+      suspend: async (reason: string) => {
+        await this.suspendStep(runId, reason || 'Workflow suspended')
+      },
+    }
+    return workflowWire
+  }
+
+  private verifyStepName(stepName: string) {
+    if (typeof stepName !== 'string') {
+      throw new WorkflowStepNameNotString(stepName)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private getConfig(): WorkflowServiceConfig {
+    const singletonServices = getSingletonServices()
+    const workflow = singletonServices.config?.workflow
+    return {
+      retries: workflow?.retries ?? 0,
+      retryDelay: workflow?.retryDelay ?? 0,
+      orchestratorQueueName:
+        workflow?.orchestratorQueueName ?? 'pikku-workflow-orchestrator',
+      stepWorkerQueueName:
+        workflow?.stepWorkerQueueName ?? 'pikku-workflow-step-worker',
+      sleeperRPCName: workflow?.sleeperRPCName ?? 'pikkuWorkflowSleeper',
+    }
+  }
+}