@photon-grove/evt 0.1.1 → 0.2.0

package/README.md

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ held to the fixtures Go and Rust generate, byte for byte.
 npm install @photon-grove/evt
 ```
 
-So far it has the core, the in-memory and DynamoDB backends, and the testing helpers. Views on
-DynamoDB, the PostgreSQL backend, command outcomes and multi-stream transactions come in later
-releases, and the
+So far it has the core, multi-stream transactions with read fences, the in-memory, DynamoDB and
+PostgreSQL backends, and the testing helpers. Commit-wide projectors and command outcomes come in
+later releases, and the
 [feature matrix](https://github.com/photon-grove/evt/blob/main/docs/reference/feature-matrix.md)
 tracks each one. The
 [getting started guide](https://github.com/photon-grove/evt/blob/main/docs/guide/getting-started.md#the-same-model-in-typescript)
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ builds a bank account aggregate with it, end to end.
 | `@photon-grove/evt`          | Aggregates, codecs, upcasters, the `Store`, retry, and the wire codecs     |
 | `@photon-grove/evt/memory`   | `MemRepository`, the in-memory backend for tests and local development     |
 | `@photon-grove/evt/testing`  | `scenario` and `Fixture`, the given/when/then helpers over `MemRepository` |
-| `@photon-grove/evt/dynamodb` | `DynamoRepository`, and the DynamoDB item and request codecs               |
+| `@photon-grove/evt/dynamodb` | `DynamoRepository`, `viewProjector`, and the item and request codecs       |
+| `@photon-grove/evt/postgres` | `PgRepository`, and the schema: table names, relations and `schemaDdl`     |
 
 ## DynamoDB
 
@@ -59,6 +60,35 @@ hasn't loaded the stream gets a conflict, and its retry passes. TTL deletes item
 use retention only for short-lived streams that nothing replays, and declare the retained types in
 the feature manifest from Go or Rust, so that their writers refuse read fences on them.
 
+`viewProjector('views')`, listed in an aggregate's `projectors`, puts the entity's view row with
+every commit, in the same transaction: `pk = {type}#{id}`, `sk = VIEW`, and the state as its
+codec encodes it, as Go's `dynamo.NewViewProjector` does.
+
+## PostgreSQL
+
+`PgRepository` takes a pool shaped like `pg`'s `Pool`, and writes the tables the
+[PostgreSQL guide](https://github.com/photon-grove/evt/blob/main/docs/guide/postgres.md) describes,
+as Go's and Rust's repositories do:
+
+```ts
+import {Store} from '@photon-grove/evt'
+import {PgRepository} from '@photon-grove/evt/postgres'
+import {Pool} from 'pg'
+
+const repository = new PgRepository(new Pool({connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL}))
+await repository.ensureSchema() // idempotent, safe on every start
+const store = new Store(repository)
+```
+
+The package imports no driver: Neon's serverless `Pool` works too, and so does a single connection
+without `connect()`, such as PGlite, which the repository runs one operation at a time on. Every
+value it sends is a string and every column it reads is text, so no driver's type parsing touches a
+stored value. `{eventsTable, snapshotsTable}` let several event logs share a database. A writer
+initializes a fresh store itself on its first write, as Go's and Rust's do, and `initialize()` is
+there for a deploy step that treats every backend alike. Every transaction runs at `READ
+COMMITTED`, whatever the server's default. An abort is checked between statements and rolls the
+transaction back.
+
 ## Runtimes
 
 The package is ESM only and has no runtime dependencies. CI runs it on Node 26, Node 22.12, Bun and
@@ -103,9 +133,26 @@ of `AbortSignal`, which the DOM library, `@types/node`, and Bun's and Deno's typ
   refuses an entity type the manifest declares history-dependent. `MemRepository` declares the
   required `stream-heads` feature on a fresh store's first write, and `initialize()` declares it
   up front.
+- **Projectors.** An aggregate's `projectors` run on the state after each commit's events, and
+  the operations they return are written in the commit's own transaction, by the backend they
+  name. `MemRepository` budgets them and writes none, as Go's in-memory repository does, so code
+  with projectors runs on it unchanged. A commit with operations but no events is refused with a
+  `ProjectorOnlyCommitError`.
 - **Rebuilds.** While a projection rebuild holds the store, every commit fails with a
   `RebuildInProgressError`. It's retryable, so `executeWithRetry` runs the command again after its
   backoff, though a rebuild usually outlasts the default policy's attempts.
+- **Transactions.** `store.transaction()` commits several streams at once. `read(aggregate, id)`
+  loads a stream of any aggregate type and returns a typed handle, `append(handle, events)` stages
+  the events decided for it, and `commit({metadata})` stamps one commit ID on every event and
+  writes them all atomically, with each stream's snapshot and projector operations, or writes
+  nothing. A stream read but never appended to is fenced at the head it was read at, so the commit
+  fails with a `FenceConflictError` once another writer moves it. `fence({entityId, entityType,
+  head})` adds a fence of your own on a stream the transaction doesn't read. A fence the engine
+  filled is retryable, and one the caller stamped isn't. A transaction commits once, and `execute`
+  stays the shortcut for a single stream. Underneath, every repository is a
+  `TransactionalRepository`, whose `commitTransaction({streams, fences})` takes the streams and
+  fences directly. A fence on an entity type with retention is refused with a
+  `RetentionConflictError`.
 - **Sequences** are `bigint`s, because Go and Rust store them as 64-bit integers.
 
 Errors are `EvtError`s with a `code`. `isConflict` and `isRetryable` tell them apart.

package/dist/aggregate.d.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import type { Codec } from './codec.js';
 import type { SerializedEvent } from './event.js';
 import { type JsonValue } from './json.js';
+import type { ProjectorGroup } from './repository.js';
 /**
  * Migrates a stored payload of its event type before it is decoded, taking an event at the
  * upcaster's from version to its to version. An event type's upcasters run in declaration order,
@@ -68,6 +69,31 @@ export interface AggregateDefinition<S, C, D extends EventDefinitions> {
      * snapshots.
      */
     readonly snapshotInterval?: number | undefined;
+    /**
+     * The projectors whose operations every commit of this type writes in the same transaction as
+     * its events, in this order, such as the DynamoDB backend's `viewProjector`.
+     */
+    readonly projectors?: readonly Projector<S>[] | undefined;
+}
+/** What a projector sees of a commit: its entity, the state after its events, and the events. */
+export interface Projection<S> {
+    readonly entityType: string;
+    readonly entityId: string;
+    /** The state after the commit's events. */
+    readonly state: S;
+    /** The state as the aggregate's state codec encodes it, as a snapshot stores it. */
+    readonly encodedState: Uint8Array;
+    /** Copies of the commit's events, as they are stored. */
+    readonly events: readonly Readonly<SerializedEvent>[];
+}
+/**
+ * Builds the operations a commit writes beside its events, in the same transaction, such as a
+ * view of the entity's state. Its group names the backend that writes it. `project` returns null
+ * when the commit needs none. It runs only for a commit with events, again on every retry, and it
+ * must not fail or change the state.
+ */
+export interface Projector<S> {
+    project(projection: Projection<S>): ProjectorGroup | null;
 }
 /** A checked aggregate type. */
 export type Aggregate<S, C, D extends EventDefinitions> = Readonly<AggregateDefinition<S, C, D>>;

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package/dist/aggregate.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/dynamodb/head.d.ts

@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@ export interface HeadAction {
  * retention.
  */
 export declare function headUpdate(entityId: string, first: bigint, last: bigint, ttl?: number): HeadAction;
+/** The condition of a fence on a stream with no head: it still has none. */
+export declare const FENCE_ABSENT_CONDITION = "attribute_not_exists(head)";
+/** The condition of a fence on a stream with a head: it still equals the one observed. */
+export declare const FENCE_CONDITION = "head = :head";
+/** The `ConditionCheck` a transaction fences a stream it read at `head` with. */
+export declare function headFence(entityId: string, head: bigint): HeadAction;
 /**
  * An action's size in the commit budget, by the rule for any update, delete or condition check:
  * its key attributes plus its expression strings, name placeholders (the placeholder and the

package/dist/dynamodb/head.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"head.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/dynamodb/head.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAQA,4EAA4E;AAC5E,eAAO,MAAM,WAAW,qBAAqB,CAAA;AAE7C,iGAAiG;AACjG,eAAO,MAAM,oBAAoB,gCAAgC,CAAA;AAEjE,0FAA0F;AAC1F,eAAO,MAAM,qBAAqB,+BAA+B,CAAA;AAEjE,gGAAgG;AAChG,eAAO,MAAM,qBAAqB,iBAAiB,CAAA;AAEnD,oFAAoF;AACpF,eAAO,MAAM,8BAA8B,gEACoB,CAAA;AAE/D,+DAA+D;AAC/D,MAAM,WAAW,UAAU;IACzB,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,CAAA;IAChB,6DAA6D;IAC7D,gBAAgB,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,IAAI,CAAA;IAC/B,mBAAmB,EAAE,MAAM,CAAA;IAC3B,kEAAkE;IAClE,KAAK,EAAE,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC,EAAE,CAAA;IACzB,2DAA2D;IAC3D,MAAM,EAAE,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC,EAAE,CAAA;CAC3B;AAED;;;;GAIG;AACH,wBAAgB,UAAU,CACxB,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,EAChB,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,EACb,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,EACZ,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,GACX,UAAU,CA0BZ;AAED,4EAA4E;AAC5E,eAAO,MAAM,sBAAsB,+BAA+B,CAAA;AAElE,0FAA0F;AAC1F,eAAO,MAAM,eAAe,iBAAiB,CAAA;AAE7C,iFAAiF;AACjF,wBAAgB,SAAS,CAAC,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,UAAU,CAMpE;AAED;;;;GAIG;AACH,wBAAgB,cAAc,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,UAAU,GAAG,MAAM,CAazD"}

package/dist/dynamodb/head.js

@@ -43,6 +43,17 @@ export function headUpdate(entityId, first, last, ttl) {
         values,
     };
 }
+/** The condition of a fence on a stream with no head: it still has none. */
+export const FENCE_ABSENT_CONDITION = 'attribute_not_exists(head)';
+/** The condition of a fence on a stream with a head: it still equals the one observed. */
+export const FENCE_CONDITION = 'head = :head';
+/** The `ConditionCheck` a transaction fences a stream it read at `head` with. */
+export function headFence(entityId, head) {
+    const check = { entityId, updateExpression: null, names: [] };
+    return head === 0n
+        ? { ...check, conditionExpression: FENCE_ABSENT_CONDITION, values: [] }
+        : { ...check, conditionExpression: FENCE_CONDITION, values: [[':head', head]] };
+}
 /**
  * An action's size in the commit budget, by the rule for any update, delete or condition check:
  * its key attributes plus its expression strings, name placeholders (the placeholder and the

package/dist/dynamodb/head.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/dynamodb/index.d.ts

@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@ export { type AttributeValue, type Item, DEFAULT_VIEW_SORT_KEY, HEAD_SORT_KEY, S
 export { type ConditionCheckAction, type DeleteAction, type DynamoClient, type Expressions, type GetItemInput, type Page, type PutAction, type PutItemInput, type QueryInput, type RequestOptions, type ScanInput, type TransactItem, type UpdateAction, } from './client.js';
 export { FEATURES_PK, REBUILD_LOCK_PK, manifestFromItem, markerItem } from './marker.js';
 export { DynamoRepository, type DynamoRepositoryOptions } from './repository.js';
-export { type CommitTtl, type SnapshotTtl, commitTransaction, snapshotTransaction, } from './requests.js';
+export { DYNAMODB_BACKEND, transactItemSize, viewProjector } from './views.js';
+export { type CommitTtl, type SnapshotTtl, commitTransaction, snapshotTransaction, transactionItems, } from './requests.js';
 //# sourceMappingURL=index.d.ts.map

package/dist/dynamodb/index.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"index.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/dynamodb/index.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAGA,OAAO,EACL,KAAK,cAAc,EACnB,KAAK,IAAI,EACT,qBAAqB,EACrB,aAAa,EACb,iBAAiB,EACjB,aAAa,EACb,SAAS,EACT,MAAM,EACN,YAAY,EACZ,QAAQ,EACR,cAAc,EACd,QAAQ,EACR,gBAAgB,EAChB,YAAY,EACZ,OAAO,EACP,WAAW,EACX,QAAQ,GACT,MAAM,WAAW,CAAA;AAClB,OAAO,EACL,KAAK,oBAAoB,EACzB,KAAK,YAAY,EACjB,KAAK,YAAY,EACjB,KAAK,WAAW,EAChB,KAAK,YAAY,EACjB,KAAK,IAAI,EACT,KAAK,SAAS,EACd,KAAK,YAAY,EACjB,KAAK,UAAU,EACf,KAAK,cAAc,EACnB,KAAK,SAAS,EACd,KAAK,YAAY,EACjB,KAAK,YAAY,GAClB,MAAM,aAAa,CAAA;AACpB,OAAO,EAAC,WAAW,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,gBAAgB,EAAE,UAAU,EAAC,MAAM,aAAa,CAAA;AACtF,OAAO,EAAC,gBAAgB,EAAE,KAAK,uBAAuB,EAAC,MAAM,iBAAiB,CAAA;AAC9E,OAAO,EAAC,gBAAgB,EAAE,gBAAgB,EAAE,aAAa,EAAC,MAAM,YAAY,CAAA;AAC5E,OAAO,EACL,KAAK,SAAS,EACd,KAAK,WAAW,EAChB,iBAAiB,EACjB,mBAAmB,EACnB,gBAAgB,GACjB,MAAM,eAAe,CAAA"}

package/dist/dynamodb/index.js

@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@ export { DEFAULT_VIEW_SORT_KEY, HEAD_SORT_KEY, SNAPSHOT_SORT_KEY, eventFromItem,
 export {} from './client.js';
 export { FEATURES_PK, REBUILD_LOCK_PK, manifestFromItem, markerItem } from './marker.js';
 export { DynamoRepository } from './repository.js';
-export { commitTransaction, snapshotTransaction, } from './requests.js';
+export { DYNAMODB_BACKEND, transactItemSize, viewProjector } from './views.js';
+export { commitTransaction, snapshotTransaction, transactionItems, } from './requests.js';
 //# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map

package/dist/dynamodb/index.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"index.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/dynamodb/index.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA,6FAA6F;AAC7F,+FAA+F;AAE/F,OAAO,EAGL,qBAAqB,EACrB,aAAa,EACb,iBAAiB,EACjB,aAAa,EACb,SAAS,EACT,MAAM,EACN,YAAY,EACZ,QAAQ,EACR,cAAc,EACd,QAAQ,EACR,gBAAgB,EAChB,YAAY,EACZ,OAAO,EACP,WAAW,EACX,QAAQ,GACT,MAAM,WAAW,CAAA;AAClB,OAAO,EAcN,MAAM,aAAa,CAAA;AACpB,OAAO,EAAC,WAAW,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,gBAAgB,EAAE,UAAU,EAAC,MAAM,aAAa,CAAA;AACtF,OAAO,EAAC,gBAAgB,EAA+B,MAAM,iBAAiB,CAAA;AAC9E,OAAO,EAAC,gBAAgB,EAAE,gBAAgB,EAAE,aAAa,EAAC,MAAM,YAAY,CAAA;AAC5E,OAAO,EAGL,iBAAiB,EACjB,mBAAmB,EACnB,gBAAgB,GACjB,MAAM,eAAe,CAAA"}

package/dist/dynamodb/repository.d.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { SerializedEvent, SerializedSnapshot } from '../event.js';
-import { type CallOptions, type Commit, type Repository, type StoreInitializer } from '../repository.js';
+import { type CallOptions, type Commit, type StoreInitializer, type TransactionCommit, type TransactionalRepository } from '../repository.js';
 import type { DynamoClient } from './client.js';
 /** How a {@link DynamoRepository} reads and initializes its store. */
 export interface DynamoRepositoryOptions {
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ export interface DynamoRepositoryOptions {
  * declares a feature, the next write fails, validates the manifest again, and either refuses an
  * unsupported feature or fails once with a retryable {@link FeatureManifestChangedError}.
  */
-export declare class DynamoRepository implements Repository, StoreInitializer {
+export declare class DynamoRepository implements TransactionalRepository, StoreInitializer {
     #private;
     constructor(client: DynamoClient, eventsTable: string, options?: DynamoRepositoryOptions);
     /** The events table this repository writes. */
@@ -51,6 +51,13 @@ export declare class DynamoRepository implements Repository, StoreInitializer {
      */
     initialize(options?: CallOptions): Promise<boolean>;
     commit(commit: Commit, options?: CallOptions): Promise<void>;
+    /**
+     * Commits every stream and checks every fence in one `TransactWriteItems` call: the control
+     * checks, the projector operations, each written stream's actions, then a check on each fenced
+     * stream's head. A fence on a type this repository retains is refused before any request, and
+     * one on a type the store's manifest retains after the marker's validation.
+     */
+    commitTransaction(transaction: TransactionCommit, options?: CallOptions): Promise<void>;
     events(entityId: string, options?: CallOptions): Promise<SerializedEvent[]>;
     eventsAfter(entityId: string, after: bigint, options?: CallOptions): Promise<SerializedEvent[]>;
     latest(entityId: string, n: number, options?: CallOptions): Promise<SerializedEvent[]>;

package/dist/dynamodb/repository.d.ts.map

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package/dist/dynamodb/repository.js

@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@
 // Pages, retries and the probe's reads each depend on the call before them, so they await in loops
 // on purpose.
 /* oxlint-disable no-await-in-loop */
-import { CompactionUncoveredError, ConflictError, EvtError, FeatureManifestChangedError, HistoryDependentProjectionError, RebuildInProgressError, SequenceGapError, StoreNotInitializedError, StreamHeadDriftError, StreamHeadsNotMigratedError, TransientError, } from '../errors.js';
+import { CompactionUncoveredError, ConflictError, EvtError, FeatureManifestChangedError, FenceConflictError, HistoryDependentProjectionError, RebuildInProgressError, SequenceGapError, StoreNotInitializedError, StreamHeadDriftError, StreamHeadsNotMigratedError, TransientError, } from '../errors.js';
 import { STREAM_HEADS_FEATURE, STREAM_HEADS_VERSION, checkSupported, declaresStreamHeads, } from '../features.js';
 import { int64Argument } from '../fields.js';
-import { checkBudget, checkNotReserved, commitSizes, isReserved, validateCommit, } from '../repository.js';
+import { checkBudget, checkFenceRetention, checkNotReserved, isReserved, normalizeTransaction, rankFailures, transactionSizes, validateCommit, } from '../repository.js';
 import { HEAD_SORT_KEY, eventFromItem, expiry, headFromItem, snapshotFromItem, sortKey, ttlFromItem, } from './item.js';
 import { FEATURES_PK, manifestFromItem, markerItem } from './marker.js';
-import { commitTransaction, controlKey, headKey, snapshotTransaction, } from './requests.js';
+import { DYNAMODB_BACKEND, transactItemSize } from './views.js';
+import { controlKey, headKey, projectorItems, buildTransaction, snapshotTransaction, } from './requests.js';
 // A declaration is a read-modify-write; racing declarations retry this many times.
 const MAX_DECLARE_ATTEMPTS = 8;
 // Each page of a scan that only has to find one item.
@@ -94,22 +95,56 @@ export class DynamoRepository {
         options?.signal?.throwIfAborted();
         validateCommit(commit);
         checkNotReserved(commit.entityId);
-        if (commit.events.length === 0) {
-            return;
+        if (commit.events.length > 0) {
+            await this.#write(normalizeTransaction({ streams: [commit] }), options);
         }
-        // One `ttl` for the whole commit, so its head's is never below one of its own items.
-        const entityType = commit.events[0].entityType;
-        const ttl = this.#ttlFor(entityType);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Commits every stream and checks every fence in one `TransactWriteItems` call: the control
+     * checks, the projector operations, each written stream's actions, then a check on each fenced
+     * stream's head. A fence on a type this repository retains is refused before any request, and
+     * one on a type the store's manifest retains after the marker's validation.
+     */
+    async commitTransaction(transaction, options) {
+        options?.signal?.throwIfAborted();
+        const normalized = normalizeTransaction(transaction);
+        if (normalized.streams.length > 0 || normalized.fences.length > 0) {
+            await this.#write(normalized, options);
+        }
+    }
+    async #write(transaction, options) {
+        // One `ttl` per entity type for the whole transaction, so a stream's head's is never below one
+        // of its own items.
+        const ttls = new Map();
+        const ttlFor = (entityType) => {
+            if (!ttls.has(entityType)) {
+                ttls.set(entityType, this.#ttlFor(entityType));
+            }
+            return ttls.get(entityType);
+        };
         // Every backend budgets a commit the same way, so an oversized one fails before any request.
-        checkBudget(commitSizes(commit, (type) => (type === entityType ? ttl : undefined)));
+        // The projector operations are sized from the actions this repository sends, which refuses a
+        // group for another backend here too.
+        const sizes = projectorItems(transaction.projections).map(transactItemSize);
+        const projections = [{ backend: DYNAMODB_BACKEND, operations: sizes, sizes }];
+        checkBudget(transactionSizes({ ...transaction, projections }, ttlFor));
+        // A fence on a type this repository retains needs no request to refuse.
+        checkFenceRetention(transaction, (entityType) => this.#retention.has(entityType));
         const request = requestOptions(options);
         const version = await this.#markerVersion(request);
-        const items = commitTransaction(this.#table, commit, version, this.#commitTtl(commit, ttl));
+        if (transaction.fences.length > 0) {
+            // The store's manifest may retain a type this repository doesn't. The marker check holds it
+            // at the version read here, or fails the transaction.
+            const manifest = await this.#readManifest(request);
+            const retention = manifest?.retention ?? [];
+            checkFenceRetention(transaction, (entityType) => retention.includes(entityType));
+        }
+        const { items, layout } = buildTransaction(this.#table, transaction, version, (commit) => this.#commitTtl(commit, ttlFor(commit.events[0].entityType)));
         try {
             await this.#client.transactWriteItems({ TransactItems: items }, request);
         }
         catch (error) {
-            throw await this.#classifyCommit(commit, error, request);
+            throw await this.#classifyCommit(layout, error, request);
         }
     }
     async events(entityId, options) {
@@ -176,6 +211,9 @@ export class DynamoRepository {
                     if (codes?.some((code) => THROTTLED.has(code))) {
                         throw new TransientError('the snapshot write was throttled', { cause: error });
                     }
+                    if (codes?.includes('TransactionConflict')) {
+                        throw new TransientError(`transaction conflict on ${snapshot.entityId}: another writer was committing at the same time`, { cause: error });
+                    }
                     throw error;
                 }
                 // The head guard failed. A refreshing guard can fail on its ttl clause alone, when another
@@ -357,15 +395,22 @@ export class DynamoRepository {
         }
         return new FeatureManifestChangedError({ cause });
     }
-    async #classifyCommit(commit, error, request) {
+    // Maps a cancelled transaction to the error it reports. The control checks outrank everything.
+    // Then every failed stream and fence is classified, and the ranking reports the first drift, else
+    // the first gap, else the first other failure, in transaction order.
+    async #classifyCommit(layout, error, request) {
         const codes = cancellationCodes(error);
         if (codes === null) {
             return error;
         }
         const failed = codes.indexOf(CONDITION_FAILED);
         if (failed === -1) {
-            if (codes.includes('TransactionConflict')) {
-                return new ConflictError(commit.entityId, 'transaction conflict: another writer was committing at the same time');
+            // Another transaction was writing one of the items, perhaps one this commit never changes
+            // (a control check): nothing was written and nothing is known to be stale, so it is
+            // transient, like throttling, and never a conflict, as in Go and Rust.
+            const colliding = codes.indexOf('TransactionConflict');
+            if (colliding !== -1) {
+                return new TransientError(`transaction conflict on ${entityAt(layout, colliding)}: another writer was committing at the same time`, { cause: error });
             }
             if (codes.some((code) => THROTTLED.has(code))) {
                 return new TransientError('the commit was throttled', { cause: error });
@@ -379,14 +424,42 @@ export class DynamoRepository {
         if (codes[1] === CONDITION_FAILED) {
             return new RebuildInProgressError();
         }
-        // The stream's head update, then its event puts and its snapshot put.
-        const head = 2;
-        const eventsEnd = head + 1 + commit.events.length;
-        const eventFailed = codes.slice(head + 1, eventsEnd).includes(CONDITION_FAILED);
+        const failures = [];
+        for (const stream of layout.streams) {
+            const failure = await this.#streamFailure(stream, codes, request);
+            if (failure !== null) {
+                failures.push(failure);
+            }
+        }
+        for (const { index, fence } of layout.fences) {
+            if (codes[index] !== CONDITION_FAILED) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const verdict = await this.#probe(fence.entityId, false, request);
+            failures.push(verdict.drift ?? new FenceConflictError(fence.entityId, fence.head, fence.provenance));
+        }
+        const ranked = rankFailures(failures);
+        if (ranked !== undefined) {
+            return ranked;
+        }
+        // Only a projector operation's condition failed: its own error, as Go reports it.
+        if (failed < layout.projectorEnd) {
+            return error;
+        }
+        return new ConflictError(entityAt(layout, failed), 'conditional check failed: the sequence or snapshot changed since it was read');
+    }
+    // What a written stream contributes to a failed transaction, or null when none of its actions
+    // failed. A failed head update is classified by the probe. A head update that passed while an
+    // event put failed is an event above the head, unless retention explains it. A failed snapshot
+    // put alone is an ordinary conflict.
+    async #streamFailure(stream, codes, request) {
+        const { commit } = stream;
         const { entityId } = commit;
         const first = commit.events[0].sequence;
         const retained = this.#retention.has(commit.events[0].entityType);
-        if (codes[head] === CONDITION_FAILED) {
+        const eventFailed = codes.slice(stream.head + 1, stream.eventsEnd).includes(CONDITION_FAILED);
+        const snapshotFailed = stream.snapshot !== null && codes[stream.snapshot] === CONDITION_FAILED;
+        if (codes[stream.head] === CONDITION_FAILED) {
             const verdict = await this.#probe(entityId, retained, request);
             if (verdict.drift) {
                 return verdict.drift;
@@ -394,17 +467,21 @@ export class DynamoRepository {
             if (verdict.healthy && first > 1n && verdict.stored < first - 1n) {
                 return new SequenceGapError(entityId, verdict.stored, first);
             }
+            return conflict(entityId);
         }
-        else if (codes[head] === 'None' && eventFailed) {
-            // The head update passed and an event put failed: an event sits above the head. With
-            // retention, TTL can delete the head before an expired event, so a create passes its head
-            // condition and fails on the leftover item: a conflict until TTL deletes the rest.
+        if (eventFailed && codes[stream.head] === 'None') {
+            // With retention, TTL can delete the head before an expired event, so a create passes its
+            // head condition and fails on the leftover item: a conflict until TTL deletes the rest. The
+            // probe already read the remaining items when it found the head item absent below the head
+            // its log derives; read them only if it didn't.
             const verdict = await this.#probe(entityId, retained, request);
-            if (!retained || !(await this.#remainingItemsExpired(entityId, request))) {
+            const expired = retained && (verdict.expired ?? (await this.#remainingItemsExpired(entityId, request)));
+            if (!expired) {
                 return verdict.drift ?? drift(entityId, verdict.head, verdict.derived);
             }
+            return conflict(entityId);
         }
-        return new ConflictError(entityId, 'conditional check failed: the sequence or snapshot changed since it was read');
+        return eventFailed || snapshotFailed ? conflict(entityId) : null;
     }
     // Classifies a stream whose head update failed, as the failure-path probe does: a stored head
     // below the head its log derives is drift, an equal one is healthy, and one above it is either a
@@ -416,8 +493,10 @@ export class DynamoRepository {
         const head = (await this.#readHead(entityId, request))?.head ?? null;
         const stored = head ?? 0n;
         if (stored < derived) {
-            if (retained && head === null && (await this.#remainingItemsExpired(entityId, request))) {
-                return { healthy: false, drift: null, stored, head, derived };
+            if (retained && head === null) {
+                const expired = await this.#remainingItemsExpired(entityId, request);
+                const drifted = expired ? null : drift(entityId, head, derived);
+                return { healthy: false, drift: drifted, stored, head, derived, expired };
             }
             return { healthy: false, drift: drift(entityId, head, derived), stored, head, derived };
         }
@@ -678,6 +757,23 @@ export class DynamoRepository {
 const CONDITION_FAILED = 'ConditionalCheckFailed';
 // The cancellation reasons of a transaction DynamoDB throttled, which Go and Rust retry too.
 const THROTTLED = new Set(['ThrottlingError', 'ProvisionedThroughputExceeded']);
+function conflict(entityId) {
+    return new ConflictError(entityId, 'conditional check failed: the sequence or snapshot changed since it was read');
+}
+// The stream an action of a transaction belongs to, for a failure no stream check explains: the
+// written or fenced stream at that index, or else the transaction's first.
+function entityAt(layout, index) {
+    for (const stream of layout.streams) {
+        if (index >= stream.head && (index < stream.eventsEnd || index === stream.snapshot)) {
+            return stream.commit.entityId;
+        }
+    }
+    const fenced = layout.fences.find((each) => each.index === index);
+    if (fenced !== undefined) {
+        return fenced.fence.entityId;
+    }
+    return layout.streams[0]?.commit.entityId ?? layout.fences[0]?.fence.entityId ?? '';
+}
 function drift(entityId, head, derived) {
     return new StreamHeadDriftError(entityId, head, derived);
 }