@photivra/engine 2.16.0 → 2.18.0

package/dist/equipment/generic-lens-catalogue.d.ts

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+import type { EvidenceProvenance } from "../core/evidence-provenance.js";
+import type { LensProjectionModel } from "../camera/lens-projection.js";
+import type { RadialDistortionProfile } from "../optics/radial-distortion.js";
+import type { IlluminationVignettingProfile } from "../optics/illumination-vignetting.js";
+export type GenericLensSet = "professional" | "consumer";
+export type GenericLensKind = "standard" | "macro" | "fisheye";
+/** The character of a set, at each lens's widest aperture. Aberrations are in waves at 550 nm at the frame corner. */
+export interface GenericLensCharacterValues {
+    /** Spherical aberration W040 (balanced by W020 = −W040): centre sharpness. */
+    sphericalWaves: number;
+    /** Coma W131 at H = 1: the comet-shaped point images of night photography. */
+    comaWaves: number;
+    /** Astigmatism W222 at H = 1: edge and corner sharpness. */
+    astigmatismWaves: number;
+    /** Field curvature W220 at H = 1: edge and corner sharpness. */
+    fieldCurvatureWaves: number;
+    /** Axial colour: the F-to-C difference of the defocus W020, waves at 550 nm. */
+    axialColorWaves: number;
+    /** Lateral colour: the F-to-C difference of the image radius at the corner, as a fraction of the half-diagonal. */
+    lateralColorFraction: number;
+    /** Corner distortion magnitude |k1| (fraction); each lens gives the sign (barrel −, pincushion +). */
+    distortionMagnitude: number;
+    /** Corner fall-off in stops that stays when stopped down (natural vignetting). */
+    naturalVignettingStops: number;
+    /** Extra corner fall-off in stops at the widest aperture (optical vignetting); gone two stops down. */
+    opticalVignettingStops: number;
+    /** Veiling glare: the fraction of the image's mean irradiance spread as a uniform veil. */
+    veilingGlareFraction: number;
+    /** Peak ghost power as a fraction of a bright source's power on the axis. */
+    ghostFraction: number;
+    /** Field-of-view change between infinity and minimum focus as a fraction (negative: narrower), beyond thin-lens unit focusing. */
+    breathingFraction: number;
+    /** Standard deviation of the autofocus error as a fraction of the depth of focus 2·N·c. */
+    focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction: number;
+    /** c in the close-focus factor 1 + c·m/m_max. */
+    closeFocusFactor: number;
+}
+/** Per-lens multipliers of the set baseline (missing: 1). `distortion` is signed and required: −1 barrel, +1 pincushion at the baseline. */
+export type GenericLensAdjustments = {
+    distortion: number;
+} & Partial<Record<"spherical" | "coma" | "astigmatism" | "fieldCurvature" | "axialColor" | "lateralColor" | "vignetting" | "strayLight" | "breathing" | "focusScatter" | "closeFocus", number>>;
+export interface GenericLensCatalogueEntry {
+    /** Catalogue id, for example "pv-50-1.2-pro". */
+    lensId: string;
+    /** Display name, for example "PV 50 1.2 Pro". */
+    name: string;
+    set: GenericLensSet;
+    kind: GenericLensKind;
+    /** Full-frame-equivalent focal length (36 × 24 mm reference). */
+    equivalentFocalLengthMm: number;
+    widestFNumber: number;
+    narrowestFNumber: number;
+    /** Largest magnification: 0.15 (the generic rule) or 1 for the professional macro. */
+    maximumMagnification: number;
+    projection: LensProjectionModel;
+    /** Fisheyes only: a circular image inside the frame, or one that fills it. */
+    fisheyeImage?: "circular" | "full-frame";
+    adjustments: Readonly<GenericLensAdjustments>;
+    /** Why this lens departs from its set's baseline. */
+    note: string;
+    /**
+     * A short plain-English summary of the lens's character (at most 40 characters, US spelling), written from its adjustments and
+     * `note`, for lists and pickers. It describes only what the catalogue models (bokeh shape is not modeled: the defocus is a disc).
+     */
+    summary: string;
+}
+/** The set baselines (owner's table, #549), each lens's starting point before its adjustments. */
+export declare const GENERIC_LENS_SET_BASELINES: Readonly<Record<GenericLensSet, Readonly<GenericLensCharacterValues>>>;
+/** The 30 lenses: 17 professional, then 13 consumer, each set by focal length. */
+export declare const GENERIC_LENS_CATALOGUE: readonly GenericLensCatalogueEntry[];
+/** The catalogue ids, in catalogue order. */
+export declare const GENERIC_LENS_IDS: readonly string[];
+/** Where the catalogue's numbers come from: Photivra's own choices, guided by openly published descriptions of lens behaviour. */
+export declare const GENERIC_LENS_EVIDENCE: readonly EvidenceProvenance[];
+/** Normalised Cauchy dispersion D(λ) = (1/λ² − 1/λ_d²)/(1/λ_F² − 1/λ_C²): 0 at the d line, F minus C = 1. */
+export declare function genericLensDispersion(wavelengthNm: number): number;
+/** A catalogue lens's character resolved for a sensor, an f-number and a focus distance. Aberrations in waves at 550 nm. */
+export interface GenericLensCharacter {
+    fNumber: number;
+    focusDistanceM: number | null;
+    /** Thin-lens magnification at the focus distance (0 at infinity). */
+    magnification: number;
+    /** 1 + c·m/m_max. */
+    closeFocusGain: number;
+    /** Pupil-radius ratio N0/N. */
+    pupilScale: number;
+    /** Resolved Seidel coefficients at the frame corner (H = 1), waves at 550 nm; `balancingDefocusWaves` = −spherical. */
+    aberrations: {
+        sphericalWaves: number;
+        balancingDefocusWaves: number;
+        comaWaves: number;
+        astigmatismWaves: number;
+        fieldCurvatureWaves: number;
+        axialColorWaves: number;
+    };
+    /** Lateral colour: F-to-C image-radius difference at the corner, fraction of the half-diagonal and micrometres on this sensor. */
+    lateralColor: {
+        fraction: number;
+        cornerMicrometers: number;
+    };
+    /** Radial distortion profile (normalised to the half-diagonal, valid to 1.25 of it, beyond the corner) and its corner value (fraction; negative = barrel). */
+    distortion: {
+        profile: RadialDistortionProfile;
+        corner: number;
+    };
+    /** Relative illumination profile (normalised to the half-diagonal, valid to 1.25 of it) and the corner fall-off in stops. */
+    vignetting: {
+        profile: IlluminationVignettingProfile;
+        cornerStops: number;
+    };
+    strayLight: {
+        veilingGlareFraction: number;
+        ghostFraction: number;
+    };
+    /** Field-of-view change at this focus and at minimum focus, beyond thin-lens unit focusing (fraction, negative = narrower). */
+    breathing: {
+        fieldOfViewChange: number;
+        atMinimumFocus: number;
+    };
+    /** Standard deviation of the autofocus error as a fraction of the depth of focus 2·N·c. */
+    focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction: number;
+}
+export interface ResolvedGenericLens {
+    lensId: string;
+    name: string;
+    set: GenericLensSet;
+    kind: GenericLensKind;
+    equivalentFocalLengthMm: number;
+    /** Physical focal length on this sensor: equivalent ÷ crop factor. */
+    focalLengthMm: number;
+    cropFactor35Mm: number;
+    /** Half-diagonal of the sensor, mm: field height H = 1 and ρ = 1 of the profiles. */
+    halfDiagonalMm: number;
+    widestFNumber: number;
+    narrowestFNumber: number;
+    /** Marked third-stop f-numbers within the range. */
+    fNumbers: readonly number[];
+    /** max(0.10 m, f·(1 + 1/m_max)), metres from the lens (thin lens). */
+    minimumFocusDistanceM: number;
+    maximumMagnification: number;
+    projection: LensProjectionModel;
+    fisheyeImage: "circular" | "full-frame" | null;
+    /** Fisheyes: the radius of the 180° image circle on this sensor, 2·f·sin 45° (equisolid), mm. Null otherwise. */
+    imageCircleRadiusMm: number | null;
+    character: GenericLensCharacter;
+    note: string;
+    /** The catalogue entry's `summary`: a short plain-English description of the lens's character (at most 40 characters). */
+    summary: string;
+    evidence: readonly EvidenceProvenance[];
+    scientificStatus: "approximation";
+    limitations: readonly string[];
+}
+export interface ResolveGenericLensInput {
+    /** A catalogue id (`GENERIC_LENS_IDS`). */
+    lensId: string;
+    /** The sensor's active capture area, mm. */
+    activeImagingArea: {
+        widthMm: number;
+        heightMm: number;
+    };
+    /** Default: the widest aperture. Must lie in the lens's range. */
+    fNumber?: number;
+    /** Default: infinity. At least the minimum focus distance. */
+    focusDistanceM?: number;
+}
+/** @internal The catalogue entry of an id, or a domain error naming the ids. */
+export declare function genericLensEntry(lensId: unknown): GenericLensCatalogueEntry;
+/** @internal The baseline with the lens's adjustments applied (at its widest aperture, infinity focus). */
+export declare function genericLensAdjustedValues(lens: GenericLensCatalogueEntry): GenericLensCharacterValues;
+/** @internal E(ρ) = (1 − bρ²)² with E(1) = 2^−stops, valid to `maximumNormalizedRadius` (which must stay inside the first zero). */
+export declare function genericLensVignettingProfile(cornerStops: number, halfDiagonalMm: number, maximumNormalizedRadius?: number): IlluminationVignettingProfile;
+/** @internal r_d = r(1 + k1 ρ²) normalised to the half-diagonal. */
+export declare function genericLensDistortionProfile(corner: number, halfDiagonalMm: number, maximumNormalizedRadius?: number): RadialDistortionProfile;
+/**
+ * @internal How far the profiles `resolveGenericLens` returns reach, in units of the half-diagonal. A request that reads the scene
+ * through them (`simulateCapture`, `simulateDisplayView`) needs them beyond the frame's corner: the outer site centres plus the
+ * kernel radius and the query offsets. 1.25 covers a kernel reaching a quarter of the half-diagonal past the corner (on full
+ * frame 5.4 mm, beyond the 512-site disc at 6 µm). Every catalogue lens stays valid there: its vignetting E = (1 − bρ²)² keeps
+ * bρ² ≤ 0.83 (b ≤ 0.53, the 2.16-stop corner of PV 16 2.8), and its distortion stays monotonic (1 + 3k1ρ² ≥ 0.75 at k1 = −0.045).
+ * Only the operating range grows; the coefficients, and so every value inside the frame, are unchanged.
+ */
+export declare const GENERIC_LENS_RESOLVED_PROFILE_REACH = 1.25;
+/**
+ * Resolves a catalogue lens for a sensor: its focal length (equivalent ÷ the diagonal crop factor), f-number range, close focus
+ * and projection, and its character (aberrations, colour, distortion, vignetting, flare, breathing and focus scatter) at the
+ * given f-number and focus distance. Every value is a labelled approximation of a generic lens, not a measured product.
+ */
+export declare function resolveGenericLens(input: ResolveGenericLensInput): ResolvedGenericLens;
+export interface SimulateGenericLensFocusErrorInput {
+    lensId: string;
+    activeImagingArea: {
+        widthMm: number;
+        heightMm: number;
+    };
+    fNumber: number;
+    /** The intended focus distance, m. */
+    focusDistanceM: number;
+    /** uint32 seed of the shooting session. */
+    seed: number;
+    /** uint32 index of the shot in the session. Default 0. */
+    shotIndex?: number;
+    /** Circle of confusion for the depth of focus, mm. Default: the sensor diagonal / 1500. */
+    circleOfConfusionMm?: number;
+}
+export interface GenericLensFocusError {
+    lensId: string;
+    /** The intended and the sampled focus distance, m (the sampled one held within minimum focus and a far limit). */
+    intendedFocusDistanceM: number;
+    focusDistanceM: number;
+    /** The standard normal draw z and the image-side focus error z·σ·2Nc, µm (positive: a longer image distance, so focused nearer). */
+    standardNormal: number;
+    imageSideErrorMicrometers: number;
+    /** σ (fraction of the depth of focus) and the depth of focus 2·N·c, µm. */
+    depthOfFocusFraction: number;
+    depthOfFocusMicrometers: number;
+    /** True when the sampled image distance was held at the minimum-focus or the far (1000 m) limit. */
+    held: "minimum-focus" | "far-limit" | null;
+    scientificStatus: "approximation";
+}
+/**
+ * Focus consistency (#549): a seeded, reproducible autofocus error for one shot. The image-side error is z·σ·2Nc, with z a
+ * standard normal draw from (seed, shotIndex) (MurmurHash3 stream seed, xorshift32 and Box–Muller, the generators of the
+ * capture's sensor noise), σ the lens's focus scatter as a fraction of the depth of focus 2·N·c, and
+ * c the circle of confusion. The thin-lens image distance of the intended focus moves by that error and the focus distance is
+ * read back from it. An approximation of autofocus variation; off unless called (or `simulateCapture`'s `lens.focusScatter`).
+ */
+export declare function simulateGenericLensFocusError(input: SimulateGenericLensFocusErrorInput): GenericLensFocusError;

package/dist/equipment/generic-lens-catalogue.js

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+/**
+ * Generic lens catalogue (#549): two sets of primes, Professional and Consumer, named "PV <focal length> <maximum aperture>"
+ * ("Pro" for the professional set, "Macro" or "Fisheye" before it for special lenses). Every lens is Photivra's own generic
+ * design, not modelled on any manufacturer's product, and every number in this file is a labelled approximation chosen by
+ * Photivra to reproduce the typical behaviour that openly published optics texts describe for each class of lens. No
+ * measured, branded or paid lens data is used.
+ *
+ * The data here are the lens definitions and their character as numbers (a set baseline and per-lens adjustments); the
+ * PSF built from them lives in `optics/generic-lens-psf.ts`, so other models (for example bokeh, #553) can read the same
+ * data. Each lens's numbers are resolved for a sensor (focal lengths scale by the crop factor as for `lens.prime`), an
+ * f-number and a focus distance by {@link resolveGenericLens}.
+ *
+ * Models (each an approximation):
+ * - Primary (Seidel) wave aberrations at the lens's widest aperture and at the frame corner (normalised field H = 1):
+ *   spherical W040, coma W131, astigmatism W222 and field curvature W220, in waves at 550 nm (Hopkins 1950; Wyant & Creath
+ *   1992, Applied Optics and Optical Engineering XI ch. 1, free author copy). Stopping down from N0 to N scales the pupil
+ *   radius by a = N0/N and so each term W_klm·ρ^l by a^l (a⁴, a³, a², a²). Spherical aberration is balanced by defocus
+ *   W020 = −W040, the focus of minimum RMS wavefront error (Wyant & Creath 1992, sec. on balanced aberrations).
+ * - Close focus: every aberration is multiplied by 1 + c·m/m_max, where m is the thin-lens magnification at the focus
+ *   distance and c the lens's close-focus factor (a generic stand-in for the change of aberrations with conjugate).
+ * - Axial (longitudinal) colour: an extra defocus W020(λ) = W_ax·a²·D(λ), and lateral colour: a radial image displacement
+ *   Δr(λ) = L·R·H·D(λ) (R the frame's half-diagonal), both with the normalised Cauchy dispersion
+ *   D(λ) = (1/λ² − 1/λ_d²)/(1/λ_F² − 1/λ_C²) (Fraunhofer d, F and C lines; `calculateCauchyRefractiveIndex`).
+ * - Distortion: radial r_d = r·(1 + k1·ρ²), ρ normalised to the frame's half-diagonal, so k1 is the corner distortion.
+ * - Vignetting: relative illumination E(ρ) = (1 − b·ρ²)² with E(1) = 2^−s, s the corner fall-off in stops: a natural part,
+ *   plus an optical part that fades over the first two stops of stopping down.
+ * - Flare, focus breathing and focus consistency are numbers for callers; `simulateCapture` renders none of them.
+ * @see docs/LENS_CATALOGUE.md for the tables, the adjustments and why each lens has them.
+ */
+import { InvalidConfigurationError } from "../core/configuration-error.js";
+import { InvalidScientificInputError } from "../core/validation.js";
+import { requireInputKeys, requireInputObject } from "../core/record-validation.js";
+import { calculateEquivalentFocalLength35Mm } from "../camera/equivalent-focal-length.js";
+import { FRAUNHOFER_C_LINE_NM, FRAUNHOFER_D_LINE_NM, FRAUNHOFER_F_LINE_NM } from "../optics/longitudinal-chromatic-aberration.js";
+import { GENERIC_PRIME_MINIMUM_FOCUS, GENERIC_PRIME_THIRD_STOP_F_NUMBERS } from "./generic-prime-lenses.js";
+import { createDeterministicUniformStream, deriveNativeSiteStreamSeedUint32, sampleDeterministicStandardNormal } from "../sensor/stochastic-seed.js";
+/** The set baselines (owner's table, #549), each lens's starting point before its adjustments. */
+export const GENERIC_LENS_SET_BASELINES = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({
+    professional: /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ sphericalWaves: 0.25, comaWaves: 0.35, astigmatismWaves: 0.3, fieldCurvatureWaves: 0.15, axialColorWaves: 0.15,
+        lateralColorFraction: 0.00008, distortionMagnitude: 0.01, naturalVignettingStops: 0.4, opticalVignettingStops: 0.6, veilingGlareFraction: 0.005, ghostFraction: 0.002,
+        breathingFraction: -0.03, focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction: 0.1, closeFocusFactor: 0.15 }),
+    consumer: /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ sphericalWaves: 0.5, comaWaves: 1.0, astigmatismWaves: 0.8, fieldCurvatureWaves: 0.45, axialColorWaves: 0.4,
+        lateralColorFraction: 0.0003, distortionMagnitude: 0.03, naturalVignettingStops: 0.7, opticalVignettingStops: 1.1, veilingGlareFraction: 0.02, ghostFraction: 0.008,
+        breathingFraction: -0.08, focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction: 0.3, closeFocusFactor: 0.5 })
+});
+/** The generic smallest aperture of both sets: f/16 up to 16 mm, f/22 up to 135 mm, f/32 beyond (as `lens.prime`). */
+function narrowest(equivalent) { return equivalent <= 16 ? 16 : equivalent <= 135 ? 22 : 32; }
+const PRO = [
+    [8, 3.5, "fisheye", { distortion: 0.5, astigmatism: 1.5, fieldCurvature: 1.5, lateralColor: 2, vignetting: 0.8, strayLight: 1.5, breathing: 0.3, closeFocus: 0.5 },
+        "Circular fisheye: astigmatism, field curvature and lateral colour grow towards the image circle; the exposed front element flares more; little breathing at 8 mm. Its distortion is the small departure from the equisolid projection.", "Circular fisheye; softer toward the rim", "circular"],
+    [10, 3.2, "standard", { distortion: -2.5, astigmatism: 1.4, fieldCurvature: 1.3, lateralColor: 1.8, vignetting: 1.4, strayLight: 1.3 },
+        "Rectilinear ultra-wide: strong barrel distortion, softer corners, lateral colour and corner fall-off.", "Strong barrel distortion; softer corners"],
+    [15, 2.8, "fisheye", { distortion: 0.5, astigmatism: 1.4, fieldCurvature: 1.3, lateralColor: 1.8, vignetting: 0.9, strayLight: 1.5, breathing: 0.3, closeFocus: 0.5 },
+        "Full-frame fisheye: as the circular fisheye, with its image filling the frame.", "Full-frame fisheye; softer edges", "full-frame"],
+    [16, 1.8, "standard", { distortion: -1.8, coma: 1.4, astigmatism: 1.3, lateralColor: 1.5, vignetting: 1.5, strayLight: 1.2 },
+        "Fast ultra-wide: coma and corner fall-off wide open, barrel distortion.", "Fast ultra-wide; coma wide open"],
+    [20, 1.4, "standard", { distortion: -1.3, coma: 1.4, astigmatism: 1.2, lateralColor: 1.3, vignetting: 1.4 }, "Fast wide angle: coma wide open, barrel distortion.", "Fast wide angle; coma wide open"],
+    [24, 1.4, "standard", { distortion: -1, coma: 1.3, astigmatism: 1.1, lateralColor: 1.2, vignetting: 1.3 }, "Fast wide angle: some coma wide open.", "Fast wide angle; some coma wide open"],
+    [35, 1.2, "standard", { distortion: -0.6, spherical: 1.3, coma: 1.2, axialColor: 1.3, vignetting: 1.3 }, "Very fast: spherical aberration and axial colour wide open.", "Very fast; axial color wide open"],
+    [50, 1.2, "standard", { distortion: -0.3, spherical: 1.3, axialColor: 1.3, vignetting: 1.2 }, "Very fast normal lens: spherical aberration and axial colour wide open; nearly no distortion.", "Very fast; nearly no distortion"],
+    [85, 1.2, "standard", { distortion: 0.3, spherical: 1.2, axialColor: 1.4, coma: 0.8, astigmatism: 0.7, vignetting: 1.1 },
+        "Very fast short telephoto: axial colour wide open, a small field angle so less coma and astigmatism; slight pincushion.", "Even across the frame; axial color"],
+    [100, 2.8, "macro", { distortion: 0.1, spherical: 0.8, coma: 0.7, astigmatism: 0.7, fieldCurvature: 0.5, axialColor: 0.8, vignetting: 0.6, breathing: 1.5, closeFocus: 0.2 },
+        "Macro: a flat field and corrections optimised for close focus (to 1:1), but strong breathing.", "Flat field to 1:1; strong breathing"],
+    [200, 2, "standard", { distortion: 0.4, axialColor: 1.5, lateralColor: 0.8, coma: 0.6, astigmatism: 0.6, vignetting: 0.9 }, "Fast long telephoto: axial colour; a small field angle.", "Fast telephoto; axial color wide open"],
+    [300, 2.8, "standard", { distortion: 0.4, axialColor: 1.4, coma: 0.5, astigmatism: 0.5, vignetting: 0.8 }, "Long telephoto: axial colour; a small field angle.", "Long telephoto; axial color"],
+    [400, 2.8, "standard", { distortion: 0.4, axialColor: 1.5, coma: 0.5, astigmatism: 0.5, vignetting: 0.9 }, "Fast super telephoto: axial colour.", "Fast super telephoto; axial color"],
+    [500, 4, "standard", { distortion: 0.3, axialColor: 1.2, coma: 0.5, astigmatism: 0.5, vignetting: 0.7 }, "Super telephoto.", "Super telephoto; low coma"],
+    [600, 4, "standard", { distortion: 0.3, axialColor: 1.3, coma: 0.5, astigmatism: 0.5, vignetting: 0.8 }, "Super telephoto.", "Super telephoto; low coma, axial color"],
+    [800, 5.6, "standard", { distortion: 0.3, axialColor: 1.2, coma: 0.5, astigmatism: 0.5, vignetting: 0.7 }, "Super telephoto.", "Slow super telephoto; low coma"],
+    [1200, 8, "standard", { distortion: 0.2, axialColor: 1.1, coma: 0.5, astigmatism: 0.5, vignetting: 0.6 }, "Slow extreme telephoto: little vignetting.", "Slow extreme telephoto; little falloff"]
+];
+const CONSUMER = [
+    [16, 2.8, "standard", { distortion: -1.5, coma: 1.1, astigmatism: 1.2, fieldCurvature: 1.2, lateralColor: 1.3, vignetting: 1.2, strayLight: 1.2 },
+        "Ultra-wide: strong barrel distortion and soft corners, left to the correction profile.", "Strong barrel distortion; soft corners"],
+    [20, 2, "standard", { distortion: -1.2, coma: 1.15, astigmatism: 1.1, lateralColor: 1.2, vignetting: 1.15 }, "Wide angle: barrel distortion, coma wide open.", "Barrel distortion; coma wide open"],
+    [24, 1.8, "standard", { distortion: -1, coma: 1.1, lateralColor: 1.1, vignetting: 1.1 }, "Wide angle: barrel distortion.", "Barrel distortion; mild corner falloff"],
+    [35, 1.8, "standard", { distortion: -0.6 }, "The consumer baseline.", "The consumer baseline; mild barrel"],
+    [50, 1.8, "standard", { distortion: -0.3, spherical: 0.7, coma: 0.7, astigmatism: 0.7, fieldCurvature: 0.7, axialColor: 0.8, lateralColor: 0.6, vignetting: 0.8 },
+        "A simple, well-corrected normal design: quite good for its set (owner's example).", "Simple, well-corrected normal lens"],
+    [85, 1.8, "standard", { distortion: 0.3, spherical: 0.9, axialColor: 1.1, coma: 0.8, astigmatism: 0.8 }, "Short telephoto: axial colour wide open.", "Short telephoto; axial color wide open"],
+    [100, 2, "standard", { distortion: 0.4, axialColor: 1.2, coma: 0.85 }, "Short telephoto: axial colour wide open.", "Short telephoto; axial color, pincushion"],
+    [200, 5.6, "standard", { distortion: 0.6, axialColor: 0.9, lateralColor: 1.2, coma: 0.8, astigmatism: 0.9, vignetting: 0.8 }, "Slow telephoto: lateral colour, pincushion.", "Lateral color and pincushion"],
+    [300, 5.6, "standard", { distortion: 0.6, lateralColor: 1.3 }, "Slow telephoto: lateral colour, pincushion.", "Lateral color and pincushion"],
+    [400, 5.6, "standard", { distortion: 0.6, lateralColor: 1.3, axialColor: 1.1 }, "Slow super telephoto: lateral and axial colour.", "Slow super telephoto; lateral color"],
+    [500, 5.6, "standard", { distortion: 0.6, lateralColor: 1.4, axialColor: 1.15, astigmatism: 1.1, fieldCurvature: 1.1 }, "Slow super telephoto: softer edges.", "Slow super telephoto; softer edges"],
+    [600, 6.3, "standard", { distortion: 0.6, spherical: 1.2, coma: 1.2, astigmatism: 1.25, fieldCurvature: 1.25, lateralColor: 1.4, axialColor: 1.2, vignetting: 1.2 },
+        "Soft at the edges and wide open (owner's example).", "Soft at the edges and wide open"],
+    [800, 9, "standard", { distortion: 0.5, astigmatism: 1.15, fieldCurvature: 1.15, lateralColor: 1.4, axialColor: 1.1 }, "Slow extreme telephoto: softer edges, lateral colour.", "Slow extreme telephoto; softer edges"]
+];
+function entry(set, [focal, widest, kind, adjustments, note, summary, fisheye]) {
+    const special = kind === "macro" ? " Macro" : kind === "fisheye" ? " Fisheye" : "";
+    const suffix = set === "professional" ? " Pro" : "";
+    return Object.freeze({ lensId: ("pv-" + focal + "-" + widest + special + suffix).toLowerCase().replace(/ /g, "-"), name: "PV " + focal + " " + widest + special + suffix,
+        set, kind, equivalentFocalLengthMm: focal, widestFNumber: widest, narrowestFNumber: narrowest(focal),
+        maximumMagnification: kind === "macro" ? 1 : GENERIC_PRIME_MINIMUM_FOCUS.magnification, projection: kind === "fisheye" ? "fisheye-equisolid-angle" : "rectilinear",
+        ...(fisheye ? { fisheyeImage: fisheye } : {}), adjustments: Object.freeze({ ...adjustments }), note, summary });
+}
+/** The 30 lenses: 17 professional, then 13 consumer, each set by focal length. */
+export const GENERIC_LENS_CATALOGUE = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze([...PRO.map((row) => entry("professional", row)),
+    ...CONSUMER.map((row) => entry("consumer", row))]);
+/** The catalogue ids, in catalogue order. */
+export const GENERIC_LENS_IDS = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze(GENERIC_LENS_CATALOGUE.map((lens) => lens.lensId));
+/** Where the catalogue's numbers come from: Photivra's own choices, guided by openly published descriptions of lens behaviour. */
+export const GENERIC_LENS_EVIDENCE = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze([
+    /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ sourceOrigin: "photivra", sourceReference: "photivra:generic-lens-catalogue:549", reuseStatus: "photivra-owned",
+        note: "Coefficients chosen by Photivra (#549); not measured, not modelled on any product." }),
+    /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ sourceOrigin: "third-party", sourceReference: "Wyant & Creath 1992, Basic Wavefront Aberration Theory for Optical Metrology, Applied Optics and Optical Engineering XI ch. 1 (free author copy)",
+        reuseStatus: "factual-reference-only", note: "Seidel wave-aberration expansion, pupil scaling and balanced spherical aberration; no data reproduced." }),
+    /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ sourceOrigin: "third-party", sourceReference: "Wikipedia: Vignetting; Distortion (optics); Chromatic aberration; Coma (optics); Lens flare; Focus breathing",
+        reuseStatus: "factual-reference-only", note: "Qualitative descriptions of how these effects vary with lens class and aperture; no data reproduced." })
+]);
+/** Normalised Cauchy dispersion D(λ) = (1/λ² − 1/λ_d²)/(1/λ_F² − 1/λ_C²): 0 at the d line, F minus C = 1. */
+export function genericLensDispersion(wavelengthNm) {
+    const inv = (nm) => 1 / (nm * nm);
+    return (inv(wavelengthNm) - inv(FRAUNHOFER_D_LINE_NM)) / (inv(FRAUNHOFER_F_LINE_NM) - inv(FRAUNHOFER_C_LINE_NM));
+}
+/** @internal The catalogue entry of an id, or a domain error naming the ids. */
+export function genericLensEntry(lensId) {
+    const found = typeof lensId === "string" ? GENERIC_LENS_CATALOGUE.find((lens) => lens.lensId === lensId) : undefined;
+    if (!found)
+        throw new InvalidConfigurationError("lensId must be a generic lens catalogue id (GENERIC_LENS_IDS), for example \"pv-50-1.2-pro\" or \"pv-50-1.8\".");
+    return found;
+}
+/** @internal The baseline with the lens's adjustments applied (at its widest aperture, infinity focus). */
+export function genericLensAdjustedValues(lens) {
+    const b = GENERIC_LENS_SET_BASELINES[lens.set], a = lens.adjustments, k = (key) => a[key] ?? 1;
+    return { sphericalWaves: b.sphericalWaves * k("spherical"), comaWaves: b.comaWaves * k("coma"), astigmatismWaves: b.astigmatismWaves * k("astigmatism"),
+        fieldCurvatureWaves: b.fieldCurvatureWaves * k("fieldCurvature"), axialColorWaves: b.axialColorWaves * k("axialColor"),
+        lateralColorFraction: b.lateralColorFraction * k("lateralColor"), distortionMagnitude: b.distortionMagnitude * a.distortion,
+        naturalVignettingStops: b.naturalVignettingStops * k("vignetting"), opticalVignettingStops: b.opticalVignettingStops * k("vignetting"),
+        veilingGlareFraction: b.veilingGlareFraction * k("strayLight"), ghostFraction: b.ghostFraction * k("strayLight"), breathingFraction: b.breathingFraction * k("breathing"),
+        focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction: b.focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction * k("focusScatter"), closeFocusFactor: b.closeFocusFactor * k("closeFocus") };
+}
+/** @internal E(ρ) = (1 − bρ²)² with E(1) = 2^−stops, valid to `maximumNormalizedRadius` (which must stay inside the first zero). */
+export function genericLensVignettingProfile(cornerStops, halfDiagonalMm, maximumNormalizedRadius = 1) {
+    const b = 1 - 2 ** (-cornerStops / 2);
+    return { normalizationRadiusMm: halfDiagonalMm, maximumNormalizedRadius, coefficients: { r2: -2 * b, r4: b * b, r6: 0 } };
+}
+/** @internal r_d = r(1 + k1 ρ²) normalised to the half-diagonal. */
+export function genericLensDistortionProfile(corner, halfDiagonalMm, maximumNormalizedRadius = 1) {
+    return { normalizationRadiusMm: halfDiagonalMm, maximumNormalizedRadius, coefficients: { k1: corner, k2: 0, k3: 0 } };
+}
+/**
+ * @internal How far the profiles `resolveGenericLens` returns reach, in units of the half-diagonal. A request that reads the scene
+ * through them (`simulateCapture`, `simulateDisplayView`) needs them beyond the frame's corner: the outer site centres plus the
+ * kernel radius and the query offsets. 1.25 covers a kernel reaching a quarter of the half-diagonal past the corner (on full
+ * frame 5.4 mm, beyond the 512-site disc at 6 µm). Every catalogue lens stays valid there: its vignetting E = (1 − bρ²)² keeps
+ * bρ² ≤ 0.83 (b ≤ 0.53, the 2.16-stop corner of PV 16 2.8), and its distortion stays monotonic (1 + 3k1ρ² ≥ 0.75 at k1 = −0.045).
+ * Only the operating range grows; the coefficients, and so every value inside the frame, are unchanged.
+ */
+export const GENERIC_LENS_RESOLVED_PROFILE_REACH = 1.25;
+/** The distortion profile's range for that reach: with barrel distortion an image point at ρ_d comes from ρ_d/(1 + k1ρ²), farther out. */
+function resolvedDistortionReach(k1) {
+    const r = GENERIC_LENS_RESOLVED_PROFILE_REACH;
+    return k1 < 0 ? r / (1 + k1 * r * r) * 1.01 : r;
+}
+function positiveFinite(value, name) {
+    if (typeof value !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(value) || value <= 0)
+        throw new InvalidScientificInputError(name + " must be a positive finite number.");
+    return value;
+}
+/**
+ * Resolves a catalogue lens for a sensor: its focal length (equivalent ÷ the diagonal crop factor), f-number range, close focus
+ * and projection, and its character (aberrations, colour, distortion, vignetting, flare, breathing and focus scatter) at the
+ * given f-number and focus distance. Every value is a labelled approximation of a generic lens, not a measured product.
+ */
+export function resolveGenericLens(input) {
+    requireInputObject(input, "resolveGenericLens input");
+    requireInputKeys(input, "resolveGenericLens", ["lensId", "activeImagingArea", "fNumber", "focusDistanceM"]);
+    const lens = genericLensEntry(input.lensId);
+    requireInputObject(input.activeImagingArea, "activeImagingArea");
+    const widthMm = positiveFinite(input.activeImagingArea.widthMm, "activeImagingArea.widthMm"), heightMm = positiveFinite(input.activeImagingArea.heightMm, "activeImagingArea.heightMm");
+    const crop = calculateEquivalentFocalLength35Mm({ focalLengthMm: 1, activeImagingArea: { widthMm, heightMm } }).value.cropFactor35Mm;
+    const focalLengthMm = lens.equivalentFocalLengthMm / crop, f = focalLengthMm / 1000, halfDiagonalMm = Math.hypot(widthMm, heightMm) / 2;
+    const minimumFocusDistanceM = Math.max(GENERIC_PRIME_MINIMUM_FOCUS.minimumDistanceM, f * (1 + 1 / lens.maximumMagnification));
+    const fNumber = input.fNumber === undefined ? lens.widestFNumber : positiveFinite(input.fNumber, "fNumber");
+    if (fNumber < lens.widestFNumber || fNumber > lens.narrowestFNumber)
+        throw new InvalidScientificInputError("fNumber " + fNumber + " is outside the " + lens.name + " range f/" + lens.widestFNumber + "–f/" + lens.narrowestFNumber + ".");
+    const focusDistanceM = input.focusDistanceM === undefined ? null : positiveFinite(input.focusDistanceM, "focusDistanceM");
+    if (focusDistanceM !== null && focusDistanceM < minimumFocusDistanceM)
+        throw new InvalidScientificInputError("focusDistanceM " + focusDistanceM + " m is closer than the " + lens.name + " minimum focus distance " + minimumFocusDistanceM + " m.");
+    const values = genericLensAdjustedValues(lens), maximumMagnification = f / (minimumFocusDistanceM - f);
+    const magnification = focusDistanceM === null ? 0 : f / (focusDistanceM - f), closeness = Math.min(1, magnification / maximumMagnification);
+    const closeFocusGain = 1 + values.closeFocusFactor * closeness, a = lens.widestFNumber / fNumber;
+    const cornerStops = values.naturalVignettingStops + values.opticalVignettingStops * Math.min(1, Math.max(0, 1 - Math.log2(fNumber / lens.widestFNumber) / 2));
+    const character = { fNumber, focusDistanceM, magnification, closeFocusGain, pupilScale: a,
+        aberrations: { sphericalWaves: values.sphericalWaves * a ** 4 * closeFocusGain, balancingDefocusWaves: -values.sphericalWaves * a ** 4 * closeFocusGain,
+            comaWaves: values.comaWaves * a ** 3 * closeFocusGain, astigmatismWaves: values.astigmatismWaves * a * a * closeFocusGain,
+            fieldCurvatureWaves: values.fieldCurvatureWaves * a * a * closeFocusGain, axialColorWaves: values.axialColorWaves * a * a * closeFocusGain },
+        lateralColor: { fraction: values.lateralColorFraction, cornerMicrometers: values.lateralColorFraction * halfDiagonalMm * 1000 },
+        distortion: { profile: genericLensDistortionProfile(values.distortionMagnitude, halfDiagonalMm, resolvedDistortionReach(values.distortionMagnitude)), corner: values.distortionMagnitude },
+        vignetting: { profile: genericLensVignettingProfile(cornerStops, halfDiagonalMm, GENERIC_LENS_RESOLVED_PROFILE_REACH), cornerStops },
+        strayLight: { veilingGlareFraction: values.veilingGlareFraction, ghostFraction: values.ghostFraction },
+        breathing: { fieldOfViewChange: values.breathingFraction * closeness, atMinimumFocus: values.breathingFraction },
+        focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction: values.focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction };
+    const fisheye = lens.kind === "fisheye";
+    return Object.freeze({ lensId: lens.lensId, name: lens.name, set: lens.set, kind: lens.kind, equivalentFocalLengthMm: lens.equivalentFocalLengthMm, focalLengthMm,
+        cropFactor35Mm: crop, halfDiagonalMm, widestFNumber: lens.widestFNumber, narrowestFNumber: lens.narrowestFNumber,
+        fNumbers: Object.freeze(GENERIC_PRIME_THIRD_STOP_F_NUMBERS.filter((n) => n >= lens.widestFNumber && n <= lens.narrowestFNumber)),
+        minimumFocusDistanceM, maximumMagnification, projection: lens.projection, fisheyeImage: lens.fisheyeImage ?? null,
+        imageCircleRadiusMm: fisheye ? 2 * focalLengthMm * Math.SQRT1_2 : null, character, note: lens.note, summary: lens.summary, evidence: GENERIC_LENS_EVIDENCE,
+        scientificStatus: "approximation", limitations: Object.freeze([
+            "A generic Photivra lens, not a real product: every coefficient is a Photivra choice that reproduces typical behaviour of its class, not a measurement.",
+            "Primary (Seidel) aberrations only, scaled with the pupil radius and a generic close-focus factor; no higher-order terms, no zoom or focus-group design.",
+            "Focal length, close focus and magnification are thin-lens values; the lens design is scaled to the sensor by the crop factor with its wavefront error in waves kept.",
+            "Flare, focus breathing and focus scatter are reported numbers; simulateCapture renders none of them."
+        ]) });
+}
+/** Stream id of the focus-scatter draw ("FOCS"), kept apart from the sensor noise streams 0 and 1. */
+const FOCUS_SCATTER_STREAM_ID = 0x464f4353;
+/** The far limit of a sampled focus distance, m. */
+const FOCUS_SCATTER_FAR_LIMIT_M = 1000;
+function uint32(value, name) {
+    if (typeof value !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(value) || value < 0 || value > 0xffffffff)
+        throw new InvalidScientificInputError(name + " must be a uint32 integer.");
+    return value;
+}
+/**
+ * Focus consistency (#549): a seeded, reproducible autofocus error for one shot. The image-side error is z·σ·2Nc, with z a
+ * standard normal draw from (seed, shotIndex) (MurmurHash3 stream seed, xorshift32 and Box–Muller, the generators of the
+ * capture's sensor noise), σ the lens's focus scatter as a fraction of the depth of focus 2·N·c, and
+ * c the circle of confusion. The thin-lens image distance of the intended focus moves by that error and the focus distance is
+ * read back from it. An approximation of autofocus variation; off unless called (or `simulateCapture`'s `lens.focusScatter`).
+ */
+export function simulateGenericLensFocusError(input) {
+    requireInputObject(input, "simulateGenericLensFocusError input");
+    requireInputKeys(input, "simulateGenericLensFocusError", ["lensId", "activeImagingArea", "fNumber", "focusDistanceM", "seed", "shotIndex", "circleOfConfusionMm"]);
+    const lens = resolveGenericLens({ lensId: input.lensId, activeImagingArea: input.activeImagingArea, fNumber: input.fNumber, focusDistanceM: input.focusDistanceM });
+    const seed = uint32(input.seed, "seed"), shot = input.shotIndex === undefined ? 0 : uint32(input.shotIndex, "shotIndex");
+    const c = input.circleOfConfusionMm === undefined ? 2 * lens.halfDiagonalMm / 1500 : positiveFinite(input.circleOfConfusionMm, "circleOfConfusionMm");
+    const z = sampleDeterministicStandardNormal(createDeterministicUniformStream(deriveNativeSiteStreamSeedUint32(seed, shot, FOCUS_SCATTER_STREAM_ID)));
+    const sigma = lens.character.focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction, depthOfFocusMm = 2 * lens.character.fNumber * c, errorMm = z * sigma * depthOfFocusMm;
+    const f = lens.focalLengthMm, imageDistance = (d) => 1 / (1 / f - 1 / (d * 1000));
+    const nearest = imageDistance(lens.minimumFocusDistanceM), farthest = imageDistance(FOCUS_SCATTER_FAR_LIMIT_M);
+    const v = imageDistance(input.focusDistanceM) + errorMm, held = v > nearest ? "minimum-focus" : v < farthest ? "far-limit" : null;
+    const vHeld = Math.min(nearest, Math.max(farthest, v));
+    const focusDistanceM = held === "minimum-focus" ? lens.minimumFocusDistanceM : held === "far-limit" ? FOCUS_SCATTER_FAR_LIMIT_M : 1 / (1 / f - 1 / vHeld) / 1000;
+    return Object.freeze({ lensId: lens.lensId, intendedFocusDistanceM: input.focusDistanceM, focusDistanceM, standardNormal: z, imageSideErrorMicrometers: errorMm * 1000,
+        depthOfFocusFraction: sigma, depthOfFocusMicrometers: depthOfFocusMm * 1000, held, scientificStatus: "approximation" });
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=generic-lens-catalogue.js.map

package/dist/equipment/generic-lens-catalogue.js.map

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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Generic lens catalogue (#549): two sets of primes, Professional and Consumer, named \"PV <focal length> <maximum aperture>\"\n * (\"Pro\" for the professional set, \"Macro\" or \"Fisheye\" before it for special lenses). Every lens is Photivra's own generic\n * design, not modelled on any manufacturer's product, and every number in this file is a labelled approximation chosen by\n * Photivra to reproduce the typical behaviour that openly published optics texts describe for each class of lens. No\n * measured, branded or paid lens data is used.\n *\n * The data here are the lens definitions and their character as numbers (a set baseline and per-lens adjustments); the\n * PSF built from them lives in `optics/generic-lens-psf.ts`, so other models (for example bokeh, #553) can read the same\n * data. Each lens's numbers are resolved for a sensor (focal lengths scale by the crop factor as for `lens.prime`), an\n * f-number and a focus distance by {@link resolveGenericLens}.\n *\n * Models (each an approximation):\n * - Primary (Seidel) wave aberrations at the lens's widest aperture and at the frame corner (normalised field H = 1):\n *   spherical W040, coma W131, astigmatism W222 and field curvature W220, in waves at 550 nm (Hopkins 1950; Wyant & Creath\n *   1992, Applied Optics and Optical Engineering XI ch. 1, free author copy). Stopping down from N0 to N scales the pupil\n *   radius by a = N0/N and so each term W_klm·ρ^l by a^l (a⁴, a³, a², a²). Spherical aberration is balanced by defocus\n *   W020 = −W040, the focus of minimum RMS wavefront error (Wyant & Creath 1992, sec. on balanced aberrations).\n * - Close focus: every aberration is multiplied by 1 + c·m/m_max, where m is the thin-lens magnification at the focus\n *   distance and c the lens's close-focus factor (a generic stand-in for the change of aberrations with conjugate).\n * - Axial (longitudinal) colour: an extra defocus W020(λ) = W_ax·a²·D(λ), and lateral colour: a radial image displacement\n *   Δr(λ) = L·R·H·D(λ) (R the frame's half-diagonal), both with the normalised Cauchy dispersion\n *   D(λ) = (1/λ² − 1/λ_d²)/(1/λ_F² − 1/λ_C²) (Fraunhofer d, F and C lines; `calculateCauchyRefractiveIndex`).\n * - Distortion: radial r_d = r·(1 + k1·ρ²), ρ normalised to the frame's half-diagonal, so k1 is the corner distortion.\n * - Vignetting: relative illumination E(ρ) = (1 − b·ρ²)² with E(1) = 2^−s, s the corner fall-off in stops: a natural part,\n *   plus an optical part that fades over the first two stops of stopping down.\n * - Flare, focus breathing and focus consistency are numbers for callers; `simulateCapture` renders none of them.\n * @see docs/LENS_CATALOGUE.md for the tables, the adjustments and why each lens has them.\n */\n\nimport { InvalidConfigurationError } from \"../core/configuration-error.js\";\nimport { InvalidScientificInputError } from \"../core/validation.js\";\nimport { requireInputKeys, requireInputObject } from \"../core/record-validation.js\";\nimport type { EvidenceProvenance } from \"../core/evidence-provenance.js\";\nimport { calculateEquivalentFocalLength35Mm } from \"../camera/equivalent-focal-length.js\";\nimport type { LensProjectionModel } from \"../camera/lens-projection.js\";\nimport { FRAUNHOFER_C_LINE_NM, FRAUNHOFER_D_LINE_NM, FRAUNHOFER_F_LINE_NM } from \"../optics/longitudinal-chromatic-aberration.js\";\nimport type { RadialDistortionProfile } from \"../optics/radial-distortion.js\";\nimport type { IlluminationVignettingProfile } from \"../optics/illumination-vignetting.js\";\nimport { GENERIC_PRIME_MINIMUM_FOCUS, GENERIC_PRIME_THIRD_STOP_F_NUMBERS } from \"./generic-prime-lenses.js\";\nimport { createDeterministicUniformStream, deriveNativeSiteStreamSeedUint32, sampleDeterministicStandardNormal } from \"../sensor/stochastic-seed.js\";\n\nexport type GenericLensSet = \"professional\" | \"consumer\";\nexport type GenericLensKind = \"standard\" | \"macro\" | \"fisheye\";\n\n/** The character of a set, at each lens's widest aperture. Aberrations are in waves at 550 nm at the frame corner. */\nexport interface GenericLensCharacterValues {\n  /** Spherical aberration W040 (balanced by W020 = −W040): centre sharpness. */\n  sphericalWaves: number;\n  /** Coma W131 at H = 1: the comet-shaped point images of night photography. */\n  comaWaves: number;\n  /** Astigmatism W222 at H = 1: edge and corner sharpness. */\n  astigmatismWaves: number;\n  /** Field curvature W220 at H = 1: edge and corner sharpness. */\n  fieldCurvatureWaves: number;\n  /** Axial colour: the F-to-C difference of the defocus W020, waves at 550 nm. */\n  axialColorWaves: number;\n  /** Lateral colour: the F-to-C difference of the image radius at the corner, as a fraction of the half-diagonal. */\n  lateralColorFraction: number;\n  /** Corner distortion magnitude |k1| (fraction); each lens gives the sign (barrel −, pincushion +). */\n  distortionMagnitude: number;\n  /** Corner fall-off in stops that stays when stopped down (natural vignetting). */\n  naturalVignettingStops: number;\n  /** Extra corner fall-off in stops at the widest aperture (optical vignetting); gone two stops down. */\n  opticalVignettingStops: number;\n  /** Veiling glare: the fraction of the image's mean irradiance spread as a uniform veil. */\n  veilingGlareFraction: number;\n  /** Peak ghost power as a fraction of a bright source's power on the axis. */\n  ghostFraction: number;\n  /** Field-of-view change between infinity and minimum focus as a fraction (negative: narrower), beyond thin-lens unit focusing. */\n  breathingFraction: number;\n  /** Standard deviation of the autofocus error as a fraction of the depth of focus 2·N·c. */\n  focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction: number;\n  /** c in the close-focus factor 1 + c·m/m_max. */\n  closeFocusFactor: number;\n}\n\n/** Per-lens multipliers of the set baseline (missing: 1). `distortion` is signed and required: −1 barrel, +1 pincushion at the baseline. */\nexport type GenericLensAdjustments = { distortion: number } & Partial<Record<\"spherical\" | \"coma\" | \"astigmatism\" | \"fieldCurvature\" | \"axialColor\" | \"lateralColor\" |\n  \"vignetting\" | \"strayLight\" | \"breathing\" | \"focusScatter\" | \"closeFocus\", number>>;\n\nexport interface GenericLensCatalogueEntry {\n  /** Catalogue id, for example \"pv-50-1.2-pro\". */\n  lensId: string;\n  /** Display name, for example \"PV 50 1.2 Pro\". */\n  name: string;\n  set: GenericLensSet;\n  kind: GenericLensKind;\n  /** Full-frame-equivalent focal length (36 × 24 mm reference). */\n  equivalentFocalLengthMm: number;\n  widestFNumber: number;\n  narrowestFNumber: number;\n  /** Largest magnification: 0.15 (the generic rule) or 1 for the professional macro. */\n  maximumMagnification: number;\n  projection: LensProjectionModel;\n  /** Fisheyes only: a circular image inside the frame, or one that fills it. */\n  fisheyeImage?: \"circular\" | \"full-frame\";\n  adjustments: Readonly<GenericLensAdjustments>;\n  /** Why this lens departs from its set's baseline. */\n  note: string;\n  /**\n   * A short plain-English summary of the lens's character (at most 40 characters, US spelling), written from its adjustments and\n   * `note`, for lists and pickers. It describes only what the catalogue models (bokeh shape is not modeled: the defocus is a disc).\n   */\n  summary: string;\n}\n\n/** The set baselines (owner's table, #549), each lens's starting point before its adjustments. */\nexport const GENERIC_LENS_SET_BASELINES: Readonly<Record<GenericLensSet, Readonly<GenericLensCharacterValues>>> = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({\n  professional: /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ sphericalWaves: 0.25, comaWaves: 0.35, astigmatismWaves: 0.3, fieldCurvatureWaves: 0.15, axialColorWaves: 0.15,\n    lateralColorFraction: 0.00008, distortionMagnitude: 0.01, naturalVignettingStops: 0.4, opticalVignettingStops: 0.6, veilingGlareFraction: 0.005, ghostFraction: 0.002,\n    breathingFraction: -0.03, focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction: 0.1, closeFocusFactor: 0.15 }),\n  consumer: /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ sphericalWaves: 0.5, comaWaves: 1.0, astigmatismWaves: 0.8, fieldCurvatureWaves: 0.45, axialColorWaves: 0.4,\n    lateralColorFraction: 0.0003, distortionMagnitude: 0.03, naturalVignettingStops: 0.7, opticalVignettingStops: 1.1, veilingGlareFraction: 0.02, ghostFraction: 0.008,\n    breathingFraction: -0.08, focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction: 0.3, closeFocusFactor: 0.5 })\n});\n\n/** The generic smallest aperture of both sets: f/16 up to 16 mm, f/22 up to 135 mm, f/32 beyond (as `lens.prime`). */\nfunction narrowest(equivalent: number): number { return equivalent <= 16 ? 16 : equivalent <= 135 ? 22 : 32; }\n\ntype Row = [focal: number, widest: number, kind: GenericLensKind, adjustments: GenericLensAdjustments, note: string, summary: string, fisheye?: \"circular\" | \"full-frame\"];\nconst PRO: readonly Row[] = [\n  [8, 3.5, \"fisheye\", { distortion: 0.5, astigmatism: 1.5, fieldCurvature: 1.5, lateralColor: 2, vignetting: 0.8, strayLight: 1.5, breathing: 0.3, closeFocus: 0.5 },\n    \"Circular fisheye: astigmatism, field curvature and lateral colour grow towards the image circle; the exposed front element flares more; little breathing at 8 mm. Its distortion is the small departure from the equisolid projection.\", \"Circular fisheye; softer toward the rim\", \"circular\"],\n  [10, 3.2, \"standard\", { distortion: -2.5, astigmatism: 1.4, fieldCurvature: 1.3, lateralColor: 1.8, vignetting: 1.4, strayLight: 1.3 },\n    \"Rectilinear ultra-wide: strong barrel distortion, softer corners, lateral colour and corner fall-off.\", \"Strong barrel distortion; softer corners\"],\n  [15, 2.8, \"fisheye\", { distortion: 0.5, astigmatism: 1.4, fieldCurvature: 1.3, lateralColor: 1.8, vignetting: 0.9, strayLight: 1.5, breathing: 0.3, closeFocus: 0.5 },\n    \"Full-frame fisheye: as the circular fisheye, with its image filling the frame.\", \"Full-frame fisheye; softer edges\", \"full-frame\"],\n  [16, 1.8, \"standard\", { distortion: -1.8, coma: 1.4, astigmatism: 1.3, lateralColor: 1.5, vignetting: 1.5, strayLight: 1.2 },\n    \"Fast ultra-wide: coma and corner fall-off wide open, barrel distortion.\", \"Fast ultra-wide; coma wide open\"],\n  [20, 1.4, \"standard\", { distortion: -1.3, coma: 1.4, astigmatism: 1.2, lateralColor: 1.3, vignetting: 1.4 }, \"Fast wide angle: coma wide open, barrel distortion.\", \"Fast wide angle; coma wide open\"],\n  [24, 1.4, \"standard\", { distortion: -1, coma: 1.3, astigmatism: 1.1, lateralColor: 1.2, vignetting: 1.3 }, \"Fast wide angle: some coma wide open.\", \"Fast wide angle; some coma wide open\"],\n  [35, 1.2, \"standard\", { distortion: -0.6, spherical: 1.3, coma: 1.2, axialColor: 1.3, vignetting: 1.3 }, \"Very fast: spherical aberration and axial colour wide open.\", \"Very fast; axial color wide open\"],\n  [50, 1.2, \"standard\", { distortion: -0.3, spherical: 1.3, axialColor: 1.3, vignetting: 1.2 }, \"Very fast normal lens: spherical aberration and axial colour wide open; nearly no distortion.\", \"Very fast; nearly no distortion\"],\n  [85, 1.2, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.3, spherical: 1.2, axialColor: 1.4, coma: 0.8, astigmatism: 0.7, vignetting: 1.1 },\n    \"Very fast short telephoto: axial colour wide open, a small field angle so less coma and astigmatism; slight pincushion.\", \"Even across the frame; axial color\"],\n  [100, 2.8, \"macro\", { distortion: 0.1, spherical: 0.8, coma: 0.7, astigmatism: 0.7, fieldCurvature: 0.5, axialColor: 0.8, vignetting: 0.6, breathing: 1.5, closeFocus: 0.2 },\n    \"Macro: a flat field and corrections optimised for close focus (to 1:1), but strong breathing.\", \"Flat field to 1:1; strong breathing\"],\n  [200, 2, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.4, axialColor: 1.5, lateralColor: 0.8, coma: 0.6, astigmatism: 0.6, vignetting: 0.9 }, \"Fast long telephoto: axial colour; a small field angle.\", \"Fast telephoto; axial color wide open\"],\n  [300, 2.8, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.4, axialColor: 1.4, coma: 0.5, astigmatism: 0.5, vignetting: 0.8 }, \"Long telephoto: axial colour; a small field angle.\", \"Long telephoto; axial color\"],\n  [400, 2.8, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.4, axialColor: 1.5, coma: 0.5, astigmatism: 0.5, vignetting: 0.9 }, \"Fast super telephoto: axial colour.\", \"Fast super telephoto; axial color\"],\n  [500, 4, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.3, axialColor: 1.2, coma: 0.5, astigmatism: 0.5, vignetting: 0.7 }, \"Super telephoto.\", \"Super telephoto; low coma\"],\n  [600, 4, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.3, axialColor: 1.3, coma: 0.5, astigmatism: 0.5, vignetting: 0.8 }, \"Super telephoto.\", \"Super telephoto; low coma, axial color\"],\n  [800, 5.6, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.3, axialColor: 1.2, coma: 0.5, astigmatism: 0.5, vignetting: 0.7 }, \"Super telephoto.\", \"Slow super telephoto; low coma\"],\n  [1200, 8, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.2, axialColor: 1.1, coma: 0.5, astigmatism: 0.5, vignetting: 0.6 }, \"Slow extreme telephoto: little vignetting.\", \"Slow extreme telephoto; little falloff\"]\n];\nconst CONSUMER: readonly Row[] = [\n  [16, 2.8, \"standard\", { distortion: -1.5, coma: 1.1, astigmatism: 1.2, fieldCurvature: 1.2, lateralColor: 1.3, vignetting: 1.2, strayLight: 1.2 },\n    \"Ultra-wide: strong barrel distortion and soft corners, left to the correction profile.\", \"Strong barrel distortion; soft corners\"],\n  [20, 2, \"standard\", { distortion: -1.2, coma: 1.15, astigmatism: 1.1, lateralColor: 1.2, vignetting: 1.15 }, \"Wide angle: barrel distortion, coma wide open.\", \"Barrel distortion; coma wide open\"],\n  [24, 1.8, \"standard\", { distortion: -1, coma: 1.1, lateralColor: 1.1, vignetting: 1.1 }, \"Wide angle: barrel distortion.\", \"Barrel distortion; mild corner falloff\"],\n  [35, 1.8, \"standard\", { distortion: -0.6 }, \"The consumer baseline.\", \"The consumer baseline; mild barrel\"],\n  [50, 1.8, \"standard\", { distortion: -0.3, spherical: 0.7, coma: 0.7, astigmatism: 0.7, fieldCurvature: 0.7, axialColor: 0.8, lateralColor: 0.6, vignetting: 0.8 },\n    \"A simple, well-corrected normal design: quite good for its set (owner's example).\", \"Simple, well-corrected normal lens\"],\n  [85, 1.8, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.3, spherical: 0.9, axialColor: 1.1, coma: 0.8, astigmatism: 0.8 }, \"Short telephoto: axial colour wide open.\", \"Short telephoto; axial color wide open\"],\n  [100, 2, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.4, axialColor: 1.2, coma: 0.85 }, \"Short telephoto: axial colour wide open.\", \"Short telephoto; axial color, pincushion\"],\n  [200, 5.6, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.6, axialColor: 0.9, lateralColor: 1.2, coma: 0.8, astigmatism: 0.9, vignetting: 0.8 }, \"Slow telephoto: lateral colour, pincushion.\", \"Lateral color and pincushion\"],\n  [300, 5.6, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.6, lateralColor: 1.3 }, \"Slow telephoto: lateral colour, pincushion.\", \"Lateral color and pincushion\"],\n  [400, 5.6, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.6, lateralColor: 1.3, axialColor: 1.1 }, \"Slow super telephoto: lateral and axial colour.\", \"Slow super telephoto; lateral color\"],\n  [500, 5.6, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.6, lateralColor: 1.4, axialColor: 1.15, astigmatism: 1.1, fieldCurvature: 1.1 }, \"Slow super telephoto: softer edges.\", \"Slow super telephoto; softer edges\"],\n  [600, 6.3, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.6, spherical: 1.2, coma: 1.2, astigmatism: 1.25, fieldCurvature: 1.25, lateralColor: 1.4, axialColor: 1.2, vignetting: 1.2 },\n    \"Soft at the edges and wide open (owner's example).\", \"Soft at the edges and wide open\"],\n  [800, 9, \"standard\", { distortion: 0.5, astigmatism: 1.15, fieldCurvature: 1.15, lateralColor: 1.4, axialColor: 1.1 }, \"Slow extreme telephoto: softer edges, lateral colour.\", \"Slow extreme telephoto; softer edges\"]\n];\n\nfunction entry(set: GenericLensSet, [focal, widest, kind, adjustments, note, summary, fisheye]: Row): GenericLensCatalogueEntry {\n  const special = kind === \"macro\" ? \" Macro\" : kind === \"fisheye\" ? \" Fisheye\" : \"\";\n  const suffix = set === \"professional\" ? \" Pro\" : \"\";\n  return Object.freeze({ lensId: (\"pv-\" + focal + \"-\" + widest + special + suffix).toLowerCase().replace(/ /g, \"-\"), name: \"PV \" + focal + \" \" + widest + special + suffix,\n    set, kind, equivalentFocalLengthMm: focal, widestFNumber: widest, narrowestFNumber: narrowest(focal),\n    maximumMagnification: kind === \"macro\" ? 1 : GENERIC_PRIME_MINIMUM_FOCUS.magnification, projection: kind === \"fisheye\" ? \"fisheye-equisolid-angle\" as const : \"rectilinear\" as const,\n    ...(fisheye ? { fisheyeImage: fisheye } : {}), adjustments: Object.freeze({ ...adjustments }), note, summary });\n}\n\n/** The 30 lenses: 17 professional, then 13 consumer, each set by focal length. */\nexport const GENERIC_LENS_CATALOGUE: readonly GenericLensCatalogueEntry[] = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze([...PRO.map((row) => entry(\"professional\", row)),\n  ...CONSUMER.map((row) => entry(\"consumer\", row))]);\n/** The catalogue ids, in catalogue order. */\nexport const GENERIC_LENS_IDS: readonly string[] = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze(GENERIC_LENS_CATALOGUE.map((lens) => lens.lensId));\n\n/** Where the catalogue's numbers come from: Photivra's own choices, guided by openly published descriptions of lens behaviour. */\nexport const GENERIC_LENS_EVIDENCE: readonly EvidenceProvenance[] = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze([\n  /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ sourceOrigin: \"photivra\" as const, sourceReference: \"photivra:generic-lens-catalogue:549\", reuseStatus: \"photivra-owned\" as const,\n    note: \"Coefficients chosen by Photivra (#549); not measured, not modelled on any product.\" }),\n  /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ sourceOrigin: \"third-party\" as const, sourceReference: \"Wyant & Creath 1992, Basic Wavefront Aberration Theory for Optical Metrology, Applied Optics and Optical Engineering XI ch. 1 (free author copy)\",\n    reuseStatus: \"factual-reference-only\" as const, note: \"Seidel wave-aberration expansion, pupil scaling and balanced spherical aberration; no data reproduced.\" }),\n  /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ sourceOrigin: \"third-party\" as const, sourceReference: \"Wikipedia: Vignetting; Distortion (optics); Chromatic aberration; Coma (optics); Lens flare; Focus breathing\",\n    reuseStatus: \"factual-reference-only\" as const, note: \"Qualitative descriptions of how these effects vary with lens class and aperture; no data reproduced.\" })\n]);\n\n/** Normalised Cauchy dispersion D(λ) = (1/λ² − 1/λ_d²)/(1/λ_F² − 1/λ_C²): 0 at the d line, F minus C = 1. */\nexport function genericLensDispersion(wavelengthNm: number): number {\n  const inv = (nm: number): number => 1 / (nm * nm);\n  return (inv(wavelengthNm) - inv(FRAUNHOFER_D_LINE_NM)) / (inv(FRAUNHOFER_F_LINE_NM) - inv(FRAUNHOFER_C_LINE_NM));\n}\n\n/** A catalogue lens's character resolved for a sensor, an f-number and a focus distance. Aberrations in waves at 550 nm. */\nexport interface GenericLensCharacter {\n  fNumber: number;\n  focusDistanceM: number | null;\n  /** Thin-lens magnification at the focus distance (0 at infinity). */\n  magnification: number;\n  /** 1 + c·m/m_max. */\n  closeFocusGain: number;\n  /** Pupil-radius ratio N0/N. */\n  pupilScale: number;\n  /** Resolved Seidel coefficients at the frame corner (H = 1), waves at 550 nm; `balancingDefocusWaves` = −spherical. */\n  aberrations: { sphericalWaves: number; balancingDefocusWaves: number; comaWaves: number; astigmatismWaves: number; fieldCurvatureWaves: number; axialColorWaves: number };\n  /** Lateral colour: F-to-C image-radius difference at the corner, fraction of the half-diagonal and micrometres on this sensor. */\n  lateralColor: { fraction: number; cornerMicrometers: number };\n  /** Radial distortion profile (normalised to the half-diagonal, valid to 1.25 of it, beyond the corner) and its corner value (fraction; negative = barrel). */\n  distortion: { profile: RadialDistortionProfile; corner: number };\n  /** Relative illumination profile (normalised to the half-diagonal, valid to 1.25 of it) and the corner fall-off in stops. */\n  vignetting: { profile: IlluminationVignettingProfile; cornerStops: number };\n  strayLight: { veilingGlareFraction: number; ghostFraction: number };\n  /** Field-of-view change at this focus and at minimum focus, beyond thin-lens unit focusing (fraction, negative = narrower). */\n  breathing: { fieldOfViewChange: number; atMinimumFocus: number };\n  /** Standard deviation of the autofocus error as a fraction of the depth of focus 2·N·c. */\n  focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction: number;\n}\n\nexport interface ResolvedGenericLens {\n  lensId: string;\n  name: string;\n  set: GenericLensSet;\n  kind: GenericLensKind;\n  equivalentFocalLengthMm: number;\n  /** Physical focal length on this sensor: equivalent ÷ crop factor. */\n  focalLengthMm: number;\n  cropFactor35Mm: number;\n  /** Half-diagonal of the sensor, mm: field height H = 1 and ρ = 1 of the profiles. */\n  halfDiagonalMm: number;\n  widestFNumber: number;\n  narrowestFNumber: number;\n  /** Marked third-stop f-numbers within the range. */\n  fNumbers: readonly number[];\n  /** max(0.10 m, f·(1 + 1/m_max)), metres from the lens (thin lens). */\n  minimumFocusDistanceM: number;\n  maximumMagnification: number;\n  projection: LensProjectionModel;\n  fisheyeImage: \"circular\" | \"full-frame\" | null;\n  /** Fisheyes: the radius of the 180° image circle on this sensor, 2·f·sin 45° (equisolid), mm. Null otherwise. */\n  imageCircleRadiusMm: number | null;\n  character: GenericLensCharacter;\n  note: string;\n  /** The catalogue entry's `summary`: a short plain-English description of the lens's character (at most 40 characters). */\n  summary: string;\n  evidence: readonly EvidenceProvenance[];\n  scientificStatus: \"approximation\";\n  limitations: readonly string[];\n}\n\nexport interface ResolveGenericLensInput {\n  /** A catalogue id (`GENERIC_LENS_IDS`). */\n  lensId: string;\n  /** The sensor's active capture area, mm. */\n  activeImagingArea: { widthMm: number; heightMm: number };\n  /** Default: the widest aperture. Must lie in the lens's range. */\n  fNumber?: number;\n  /** Default: infinity. At least the minimum focus distance. */\n  focusDistanceM?: number;\n}\n\n/** @internal The catalogue entry of an id, or a domain error naming the ids. */\nexport function genericLensEntry(lensId: unknown): GenericLensCatalogueEntry {\n  const found = typeof lensId === \"string\" ? GENERIC_LENS_CATALOGUE.find((lens) => lens.lensId === lensId) : undefined;\n  if (!found) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"lensId must be a generic lens catalogue id (GENERIC_LENS_IDS), for example \\\"pv-50-1.2-pro\\\" or \\\"pv-50-1.8\\\".\");\n  return found;\n}\n\n/** @internal The baseline with the lens's adjustments applied (at its widest aperture, infinity focus). */\nexport function genericLensAdjustedValues(lens: GenericLensCatalogueEntry): GenericLensCharacterValues {\n  const b = GENERIC_LENS_SET_BASELINES[lens.set], a = lens.adjustments, k = (key: keyof GenericLensAdjustments): number => a[key] ?? 1;\n  return { sphericalWaves: b.sphericalWaves * k(\"spherical\"), comaWaves: b.comaWaves * k(\"coma\"), astigmatismWaves: b.astigmatismWaves * k(\"astigmatism\"),\n    fieldCurvatureWaves: b.fieldCurvatureWaves * k(\"fieldCurvature\"), axialColorWaves: b.axialColorWaves * k(\"axialColor\"),\n    lateralColorFraction: b.lateralColorFraction * k(\"lateralColor\"), distortionMagnitude: b.distortionMagnitude * a.distortion,\n    naturalVignettingStops: b.naturalVignettingStops * k(\"vignetting\"), opticalVignettingStops: b.opticalVignettingStops * k(\"vignetting\"),\n    veilingGlareFraction: b.veilingGlareFraction * k(\"strayLight\"), ghostFraction: b.ghostFraction * k(\"strayLight\"), breathingFraction: b.breathingFraction * k(\"breathing\"),\n    focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction: b.focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction * k(\"focusScatter\"), closeFocusFactor: b.closeFocusFactor * k(\"closeFocus\") };\n}\n\n/** @internal E(ρ) = (1 − bρ²)² with E(1) = 2^−stops, valid to `maximumNormalizedRadius` (which must stay inside the first zero). */\nexport function genericLensVignettingProfile(cornerStops: number, halfDiagonalMm: number, maximumNormalizedRadius = 1): IlluminationVignettingProfile {\n  const b = 1 - 2 ** (-cornerStops / 2);\n  return { normalizationRadiusMm: halfDiagonalMm, maximumNormalizedRadius, coefficients: { r2: -2 * b, r4: b * b, r6: 0 } };\n}\n/** @internal r_d = r(1 + k1 ρ²) normalised to the half-diagonal. */\nexport function genericLensDistortionProfile(corner: number, halfDiagonalMm: number, maximumNormalizedRadius = 1): RadialDistortionProfile {\n  return { normalizationRadiusMm: halfDiagonalMm, maximumNormalizedRadius, coefficients: { k1: corner, k2: 0, k3: 0 } };\n}\n\n/**\n * @internal How far the profiles `resolveGenericLens` returns reach, in units of the half-diagonal. A request that reads the scene\n * through them (`simulateCapture`, `simulateDisplayView`) needs them beyond the frame's corner: the outer site centres plus the\n * kernel radius and the query offsets. 1.25 covers a kernel reaching a quarter of the half-diagonal past the corner (on full\n * frame 5.4 mm, beyond the 512-site disc at 6 µm). Every catalogue lens stays valid there: its vignetting E = (1 − bρ²)² keeps\n * bρ² ≤ 0.83 (b ≤ 0.53, the 2.16-stop corner of PV 16 2.8), and its distortion stays monotonic (1 + 3k1ρ² ≥ 0.75 at k1 = −0.045).\n * Only the operating range grows; the coefficients, and so every value inside the frame, are unchanged.\n */\nexport const GENERIC_LENS_RESOLVED_PROFILE_REACH = 1.25;\n/** The distortion profile's range for that reach: with barrel distortion an image point at ρ_d comes from ρ_d/(1 + k1ρ²), farther out. */\nfunction resolvedDistortionReach(k1: number): number {\n  const r = GENERIC_LENS_RESOLVED_PROFILE_REACH;\n  return k1 < 0 ? r / (1 + k1 * r * r) * 1.01 : r;\n}\n\nfunction positiveFinite(value: unknown, name: string): number {\n  if (typeof value !== \"number\" || !Number.isFinite(value) || value <= 0) throw new InvalidScientificInputError(name + \" must be a positive finite number.\");\n  return value;\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolves a catalogue lens for a sensor: its focal length (equivalent ÷ the diagonal crop factor), f-number range, close focus\n * and projection, and its character (aberrations, colour, distortion, vignetting, flare, breathing and focus scatter) at the\n * given f-number and focus distance. Every value is a labelled approximation of a generic lens, not a measured product.\n */\nexport function resolveGenericLens(input: ResolveGenericLensInput): ResolvedGenericLens {\n  requireInputObject(input, \"resolveGenericLens input\");\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"resolveGenericLens\", [\"lensId\", \"activeImagingArea\", \"fNumber\", \"focusDistanceM\"]);\n  const lens = genericLensEntry(input.lensId);\n  requireInputObject(input.activeImagingArea, \"activeImagingArea\");\n  const widthMm = positiveFinite(input.activeImagingArea.widthMm, \"activeImagingArea.widthMm\"), heightMm = positiveFinite(input.activeImagingArea.heightMm, \"activeImagingArea.heightMm\");\n  const crop = calculateEquivalentFocalLength35Mm({ focalLengthMm: 1, activeImagingArea: { widthMm, heightMm } }).value.cropFactor35Mm;\n  const focalLengthMm = lens.equivalentFocalLengthMm / crop, f = focalLengthMm / 1000, halfDiagonalMm = Math.hypot(widthMm, heightMm) / 2;\n  const minimumFocusDistanceM = Math.max(GENERIC_PRIME_MINIMUM_FOCUS.minimumDistanceM, f * (1 + 1 / lens.maximumMagnification));\n  const fNumber = input.fNumber === undefined ? lens.widestFNumber : positiveFinite(input.fNumber, \"fNumber\");\n  if (fNumber < lens.widestFNumber || fNumber > lens.narrowestFNumber)\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\"fNumber \" + fNumber + \" is outside the \" + lens.name + \" range f/\" + lens.widestFNumber + \"–f/\" + lens.narrowestFNumber + \".\");\n  const focusDistanceM = input.focusDistanceM === undefined ? null : positiveFinite(input.focusDistanceM, \"focusDistanceM\");\n  if (focusDistanceM !== null && focusDistanceM < minimumFocusDistanceM)\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\"focusDistanceM \" + focusDistanceM + \" m is closer than the \" + lens.name + \" minimum focus distance \" + minimumFocusDistanceM + \" m.\");\n  const values = genericLensAdjustedValues(lens), maximumMagnification = f / (minimumFocusDistanceM - f);\n  const magnification = focusDistanceM === null ? 0 : f / (focusDistanceM - f), closeness = Math.min(1, magnification / maximumMagnification);\n  const closeFocusGain = 1 + values.closeFocusFactor * closeness, a = lens.widestFNumber / fNumber;\n  const cornerStops = values.naturalVignettingStops + values.opticalVignettingStops * Math.min(1, Math.max(0, 1 - Math.log2(fNumber / lens.widestFNumber) / 2));\n  const character: GenericLensCharacter = { fNumber, focusDistanceM, magnification, closeFocusGain, pupilScale: a,\n    aberrations: { sphericalWaves: values.sphericalWaves * a ** 4 * closeFocusGain, balancingDefocusWaves: -values.sphericalWaves * a ** 4 * closeFocusGain,\n      comaWaves: values.comaWaves * a ** 3 * closeFocusGain, astigmatismWaves: values.astigmatismWaves * a * a * closeFocusGain,\n      fieldCurvatureWaves: values.fieldCurvatureWaves * a * a * closeFocusGain, axialColorWaves: values.axialColorWaves * a * a * closeFocusGain },\n    lateralColor: { fraction: values.lateralColorFraction, cornerMicrometers: values.lateralColorFraction * halfDiagonalMm * 1000 },\n    distortion: { profile: genericLensDistortionProfile(values.distortionMagnitude, halfDiagonalMm, resolvedDistortionReach(values.distortionMagnitude)), corner: values.distortionMagnitude },\n    vignetting: { profile: genericLensVignettingProfile(cornerStops, halfDiagonalMm, GENERIC_LENS_RESOLVED_PROFILE_REACH), cornerStops },\n    strayLight: { veilingGlareFraction: values.veilingGlareFraction, ghostFraction: values.ghostFraction },\n    breathing: { fieldOfViewChange: values.breathingFraction * closeness, atMinimumFocus: values.breathingFraction },\n    focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction: values.focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction };\n  const fisheye = lens.kind === \"fisheye\";\n  return Object.freeze({ lensId: lens.lensId, name: lens.name, set: lens.set, kind: lens.kind, equivalentFocalLengthMm: lens.equivalentFocalLengthMm, focalLengthMm,\n    cropFactor35Mm: crop, halfDiagonalMm, widestFNumber: lens.widestFNumber, narrowestFNumber: lens.narrowestFNumber,\n    fNumbers: Object.freeze(GENERIC_PRIME_THIRD_STOP_F_NUMBERS.filter((n) => n >= lens.widestFNumber && n <= lens.narrowestFNumber)),\n    minimumFocusDistanceM, maximumMagnification, projection: lens.projection, fisheyeImage: lens.fisheyeImage ?? null,\n    imageCircleRadiusMm: fisheye ? 2 * focalLengthMm * Math.SQRT1_2 : null, character, note: lens.note, summary: lens.summary, evidence: GENERIC_LENS_EVIDENCE,\n    scientificStatus: \"approximation\" as const, limitations: Object.freeze([\n      \"A generic Photivra lens, not a real product: every coefficient is a Photivra choice that reproduces typical behaviour of its class, not a measurement.\",\n      \"Primary (Seidel) aberrations only, scaled with the pupil radius and a generic close-focus factor; no higher-order terms, no zoom or focus-group design.\",\n      \"Focal length, close focus and magnification are thin-lens values; the lens design is scaled to the sensor by the crop factor with its wavefront error in waves kept.\",\n      \"Flare, focus breathing and focus scatter are reported numbers; simulateCapture renders none of them.\"]) });\n}\n\nexport interface SimulateGenericLensFocusErrorInput {\n  lensId: string;\n  activeImagingArea: { widthMm: number; heightMm: number };\n  fNumber: number;\n  /** The intended focus distance, m. */\n  focusDistanceM: number;\n  /** uint32 seed of the shooting session. */\n  seed: number;\n  /** uint32 index of the shot in the session. Default 0. */\n  shotIndex?: number;\n  /** Circle of confusion for the depth of focus, mm. Default: the sensor diagonal / 1500. */\n  circleOfConfusionMm?: number;\n}\n\nexport interface GenericLensFocusError {\n  lensId: string;\n  /** The intended and the sampled focus distance, m (the sampled one held within minimum focus and a far limit). */\n  intendedFocusDistanceM: number;\n  focusDistanceM: number;\n  /** The standard normal draw z and the image-side focus error z·σ·2Nc, µm (positive: a longer image distance, so focused nearer). */\n  standardNormal: number;\n  imageSideErrorMicrometers: number;\n  /** σ (fraction of the depth of focus) and the depth of focus 2·N·c, µm. */\n  depthOfFocusFraction: number;\n  depthOfFocusMicrometers: number;\n  /** True when the sampled image distance was held at the minimum-focus or the far (1000 m) limit. */\n  held: \"minimum-focus\" | \"far-limit\" | null;\n  scientificStatus: \"approximation\";\n}\n\n/** Stream id of the focus-scatter draw (\"FOCS\"), kept apart from the sensor noise streams 0 and 1. */\nconst FOCUS_SCATTER_STREAM_ID = 0x464f4353;\n/** The far limit of a sampled focus distance, m. */\nconst FOCUS_SCATTER_FAR_LIMIT_M = 1000;\n\nfunction uint32(value: unknown, name: string): number {\n  if (typeof value !== \"number\" || !Number.isInteger(value) || value < 0 || value > 0xffffffff) throw new InvalidScientificInputError(name + \" must be a uint32 integer.\");\n  return value;\n}\n\n/**\n * Focus consistency (#549): a seeded, reproducible autofocus error for one shot. The image-side error is z·σ·2Nc, with z a\n * standard normal draw from (seed, shotIndex) (MurmurHash3 stream seed, xorshift32 and Box–Muller, the generators of the\n * capture's sensor noise), σ the lens's focus scatter as a fraction of the depth of focus 2·N·c, and\n * c the circle of confusion. The thin-lens image distance of the intended focus moves by that error and the focus distance is\n * read back from it. An approximation of autofocus variation; off unless called (or `simulateCapture`'s `lens.focusScatter`).\n */\nexport function simulateGenericLensFocusError(input: SimulateGenericLensFocusErrorInput): GenericLensFocusError {\n  requireInputObject(input, \"simulateGenericLensFocusError input\");\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"simulateGenericLensFocusError\", [\"lensId\", \"activeImagingArea\", \"fNumber\", \"focusDistanceM\", \"seed\", \"shotIndex\", \"circleOfConfusionMm\"]);\n  const lens = resolveGenericLens({ lensId: input.lensId, activeImagingArea: input.activeImagingArea, fNumber: input.fNumber, focusDistanceM: input.focusDistanceM });\n  const seed = uint32(input.seed, \"seed\"), shot = input.shotIndex === undefined ? 0 : uint32(input.shotIndex, \"shotIndex\");\n  const c = input.circleOfConfusionMm === undefined ? 2 * lens.halfDiagonalMm / 1500 : positiveFinite(input.circleOfConfusionMm, \"circleOfConfusionMm\");\n  const z = sampleDeterministicStandardNormal(createDeterministicUniformStream(deriveNativeSiteStreamSeedUint32(seed, shot, FOCUS_SCATTER_STREAM_ID)));\n  const sigma = lens.character.focusScatterDepthOfFocusFraction, depthOfFocusMm = 2 * lens.character.fNumber * c, errorMm = z * sigma * depthOfFocusMm;\n  const f = lens.focalLengthMm, imageDistance = (d: number): number => 1 / (1 / f - 1 / (d * 1000));\n  const nearest = imageDistance(lens.minimumFocusDistanceM), farthest = imageDistance(FOCUS_SCATTER_FAR_LIMIT_M);\n  const v = imageDistance(input.focusDistanceM) + errorMm, held = v > nearest ? \"minimum-focus\" as const : v < farthest ? \"far-limit\" as const : null;\n  const vHeld = Math.min(nearest, Math.max(farthest, v));\n  const focusDistanceM = held === \"minimum-focus\" ? lens.minimumFocusDistanceM : held === \"far-limit\" ? FOCUS_SCATTER_FAR_LIMIT_M : 1 / (1 / f - 1 / vHeld) / 1000;\n  return Object.freeze({ lensId: lens.lensId, intendedFocusDistanceM: input.focusDistanceM, focusDistanceM, standardNormal: z, imageSideErrorMicrometers: errorMm * 1000,\n    depthOfFocusFraction: sigma, depthOfFocusMicrometers: depthOfFocusMm * 1000, held, scientificStatus: \"approximation\" as const });\n}\n"]}