@photivra/engine 2.14.1 → 2.15.0

package/dist/optics/defocus-disc-kernel.js

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 /**
- * Internal (not exported from the package): the geometric defocus disc of a flat scene, sampled on the square site
- * lattice, for `lens.defocus: { model: "geometric-disc" }` (#492).
+ * The geometric defocus disc of a flat scene, sampled on the square site lattice, for
+ * `lens.defocus: { model: "geometric-disc" }` (#492). Internal except for the radius cap
+ * {@link DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES} and the pre-check {@link calculateDefocusDiscKernelRadius}, which are
+ * root exports (#532), so a caller can check a request against the cap before rendering.
  *
  * Model. For a scene plane at the subject distance d and a thin lens focused at s, an ideal uniform circular pupil
  * spreads every in-focus image point into a uniform disc of diameter c = f²·|s − d| / (N·d·(s − f)) on the sensor
@@ -31,17 +33,27 @@
  * valid kernel). R is capped at {@link DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES}; past it the call fails, naming the
  * cap and the radius asked for, instead of clipping the disc.
  */
+import { calculatedResult } from "../core/calculation-result.js";
 import { portableAsin } from "../core/portable-math.js";
-import { InvalidScientificInputError } from "../core/validation.js";
+import { requireInputKeys } from "../core/record-validation.js";
+import { InvalidScientificInputError, requirePositiveFinite } from "../core/validation.js";
 import { calculateDefocusCircle } from "./depth-of-field.js";
 /**
- * Largest kernel radius in sites, R ≤ 64 (a 129 × 129 window, 16 641 taps per site; the diffraction kernels stop at 32).
+ * Largest kernel radius in sites of `lens.defocus: { model: "geometric-disc" }`, R ≤ 64: a disc of at most 129 sites
+ * across (a 129 × 129 window, 16 641 taps per site; the diffraction kernels stop at 32). `simulateCapture`,
+ * `simulateDisplayView` and `prepareDisplayView` refuse a request whose disc needs more, and never clip the disc; check a
+ * request first with {@link calculateDefocusDiscKernelRadius}.
+ *
  * Set from the cost measured in the capture (#492, step 2a; docs/QUICK_START.md, "Optics"): the capture's time grows with
  * R² at every site the disc sees an edge from, and a 0.7 MP Siemens star took 0.37 s in focus, 2.9 s at R = 32, 4.7 s at
  * R = 41 and 11.6 s at R = 64 (Node, one thread). 64 keeps the issue's 1.4 µm example (50 mm f/2.8, subject 2 m, focus
  * 1.6 m: R = 41) with room for larger blurs, at a cost the caller chooses and the docs state; past it the call fails.
  */
 export const DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES = 64;
+/** Whether a kernel radius is within {@link DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES}: the one test the renderer and the pre-check share. */
+function isWithinDefocusDiscKernelLimit(radius) {
+    return radius <= DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES;
+}
 /** Kernel radius in sites for a disc of `diameterSites`: the cells [i − ½, i + ½] the disc reaches with positive area. */
 export function defocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites) {
     requireDiameter(diameterSites);
@@ -54,7 +66,7 @@ export function defocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites) {
  */
 export function requireDefocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites) {
     const radius = defocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites);
-    if (radius > DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES)
+    if (!isWithinDefocusDiscKernelLimit(radius))
         throw new InvalidScientificInputError("The defocus disc of " + diameterSites + " sites needs a kernel radius of " + radius +
             " sites; the limit is " + DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES + " sites (DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES).");
     return radius;
@@ -152,6 +164,47 @@ export function resolveDefocusDisc(input) {
     const diameterSites = diameterMicrometers / pitchMicrometers;
     return { diameterMicrometers, diameterSites, kernelRadiusSites: defocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites) };
 }
+/**
+ * Checks, before rendering, whether `lens.defocus: { model: "geometric-disc" }` can render a request: the geometric
+ * defocus disc's diameter on the site lattice, the kernel radius it needs, and whether that radius is within
+ * {@link DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES} (#532). Pure and cheap: no kernel is built and nothing is rendered.
+ *
+ * It runs the same resolution and the same limit test as `simulateCapture`, `simulateDisplayView` and `prepareDisplayView`
+ * (the blur circle c = f²·|s − d| / (N·d·(s − f)) of `calculateDefocusCircle`, thin-lens model 1.1.0, divided by the pitch),
+ * so for the same focal length, f-number, distances and pitch a request they refuse for its defocus size has
+ * `withinLimit: false`, and one they accept has `withinLimit: true`. Pass the values the capture uses: in an automatic
+ * exposure mode that is the resolved f-number. The limit applies to the disc alone; with `lens.diffraction` the combined
+ * kernel (diffraction radius plus defocus radius, at most 32 + 64 sites) has no further limit. Other reasons a capture
+ * refuses `lens.defocus` out of focus (camera rotation, projection, distortion, vignetting, pupil sampling, a caller PSF)
+ * are not checked here.
+ *
+ * The blur circle is a geometric thin-lens approximation for an ideal uniform circular pupil (no diffraction, aberrations
+ * or pupil vignetting). Inputs follow `calculateDefocusCircle`: all positive and finite, both distances beyond the focal
+ * length; invalid values fail with `InvalidScientificInputError`, unknown fields with `InvalidConfigurationError`.
+ *
+ * @param input Lens, f-number, focus and subject distances, and the sensor's site pitch.
+ * @returns The disc and its kernel radius, the limit, and whether the request is within it and by how much it is not.
+ */
+export function calculateDefocusDiscKernelRadius(input) {
+    requireInputKeys(input, "calculateDefocusDiscKernelRadius", ["focalLengthMm", "aperture", "focusDistanceM", "subjectDistanceM", "pixelPitchMicrometers"]);
+    requirePositiveFinite("pixelPitchMicrometers", input.pixelPitchMicrometers);
+    const disc = resolveDefocusDisc({ focalLengthMm: input.focalLengthMm, aperture: input.aperture, focusDistanceM: input.focusDistanceM,
+        subjectDistanceM: input.subjectDistanceM, pitchMicrometers: input.pixelPitchMicrometers });
+    const withinLimit = isWithinDefocusDiscKernelLimit(disc.kernelRadiusSites);
+    return calculatedResult({
+        diameterMicrometers: disc.diameterMicrometers,
+        diameterSites: disc.diameterSites,
+        kernelRadiusSites: disc.kernelRadiusSites,
+        maximumKernelRadiusSites: DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES,
+        maximumDiameterSites: 2 * DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES + 1,
+        withinLimit,
+        excessKernelRadiusSites: withinLimit ? 0 : disc.kernelRadiusSites - DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES
+    }, "defocus-disc-kernel-radius", "1.0.0", [
+        "Geometric thin-lens blur circle of an ideal uniform circular pupil (thin-lens-defocus-circle 1.1.0), an approximation",
+        "The disc and limit test lens.defocus { model: \"geometric-disc\" } applies in simulateCapture and the display view",
+        "Only the defocus size limit is checked"
+    ]);
+}
 /**
  * The full 2-D convolution of two square site kernels (row-major, radii `radiusA` and `radiusB`): a kernel of radius
  * radiusA + radiusB with out(t) = Σ_s a(s)·b(t − s), each output summed over the taps of `a` in row-major order (zero taps

package/dist/optics/defocus-disc-kernel.js.map

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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Internal (not exported from the package): the geometric defocus disc of a flat scene, sampled on the square site\n * lattice, for `lens.defocus: { model: \"geometric-disc\" }` (#492).\n *\n * Model. For a scene plane at the subject distance d and a thin lens focused at s, an ideal uniform circular pupil\n * spreads every in-focus image point into a uniform disc of diameter c = f²·|s − d| / (N·d·(s − f)) on the sensor\n * (`calculateDefocusCircle`, thin-lens model 1.1.0; geometric optics, no diffraction or aberrations). The defocused\n * image of the plane is therefore the in-focus image convolved with that disc: one fixed, wavelength-independent\n * kernel. It is an approximation (geometric optics, ideal uniform circular pupil, no vignetting of the pupil).\n *\n * Sampling. The disc of diameter c/p sites (p the site pitch) is centred on a site centre. The weight of the site at\n * offset (i, j) is the exact area of the disc inside that site's square cell [i − ½, i + ½] × [j − ½, j + ½], divided\n * by the area of the disc. The area of a disc inside a rectangle is a signed sum over the rectangle's four corners of\n * the area Q(x, y) of the disc inside the quadrant [0, x] × [0, y] (inclusion–exclusion), and for x, y ≥ 0 with\n * x, y clamped to the radius r\n *   Q = x·y                                                when x² + y² ≤ r²,\n *   Q = ½·(x_a·y + x·y_a + r²·(arcsin(x/r) − arcsin(x_a/r)))  otherwise,\n * with x_a = √(r² − y²) and y_a = √(r² − x²) the arc's crossings of the quadrant's edges: the rectangle left of the\n * crossing plus the area under the arc, ∫ √(r² − t²) dt = ½·(t·√(r² − t²) + r²·arcsin(t/r)) (elementary geometry\n * and calculus; NIST DLMF 4.24.1 for the arcsine, free). The arcsine difference is the angle between the two arc\n * points, evaluated as arcsin((x·y − x_a·y_a)/r²) (the sine of a difference). Q is extended to negative x or y as an\n * odd function.\n *\n * Determinism. Only correctly rounded operations and `portableAsin` are used, so the weights are the same bits in\n * every JavaScript engine. One octant (0 ≤ j ≤ i) is computed and mirrored, so the kernel has the exact 8-fold\n * symmetry of the disc and the square lattice. The weights are divided by their float64 sum, then the centre weight\n * takes up the remaining rounding, so their exact sum is 1 within half a unit in the last place of the centre weight.\n *\n * Limits. The window is (2R + 1)² sites with R = ⌈r − ½⌉ (0 when r ≤ ½: a disc inside one cell is the identity, a\n * valid kernel). R is capped at {@link DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES}; past it the call fails, naming the\n * cap and the radius asked for, instead of clipping the disc.\n */\n\nimport { portableAsin } from \"../core/portable-math.js\";\nimport { InvalidScientificInputError } from \"../core/validation.js\";\nimport { calculateDefocusCircle } from \"./depth-of-field.js\";\n\n/**\n * Largest kernel radius in sites, R ≤ 64 (a 129 × 129 window, 16 641 taps per site; the diffraction kernels stop at 32).\n * Set from the cost measured in the capture (#492, step 2a; docs/QUICK_START.md, \"Optics\"): the capture's time grows with\n * R² at every site the disc sees an edge from, and a 0.7 MP Siemens star took 0.37 s in focus, 2.9 s at R = 32, 4.7 s at\n * R = 41 and 11.6 s at R = 64 (Node, one thread). 64 keeps the issue's 1.4 µm example (50 mm f/2.8, subject 2 m, focus\n * 1.6 m: R = 41) with room for larger blurs, at a cost the caller chooses and the docs state; past it the call fails.\n */\nexport const DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES = 64;\n\n/** The disc sampled on the site lattice. */\nexport interface DefocusDiscSiteKernel {\n  /** Disc diameter in sites (c / pitch). */\n  readonly diameterSites: number;\n  /** Kernel radius R in sites: the window is (2R + 1) × (2R + 1). */\n  readonly radius: number;\n  /** Window side, 2R + 1. */\n  readonly width: number;\n  /** Row-major weights, index (j + R)·width + (i + R) for the site offset (i, j); their row-major float64 sum is 1. */\n  readonly weights: Float64Array;\n}\n\n/** Kernel radius in sites for a disc of `diameterSites`: the cells [i − ½, i + ½] the disc reaches with positive area. */\nexport function defocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites: number): number {\n  requireDiameter(diameterSites);\n  const r = diameterSites / 2;\n  return r <= 0.5 ? 0 : Math.ceil(r - 0.5);\n}\n\n/**\n * {@link defocusDiscKernelRadius}, failing with `InvalidScientificInputError` (naming the cap and the radius asked for)\n * when it exceeds {@link DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES}. The disc is never clipped to fit.\n */\nexport function requireDefocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites: number): number {\n  const radius = defocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites);\n  if (radius > DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES)\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\"The defocus disc of \" + diameterSites + \" sites needs a kernel radius of \" + radius +\n      \" sites; the limit is \" + DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES + \" sites (DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES).\");\n  return radius;\n}\n\nfunction requireDiameter(diameterSites: number): void {\n  if (typeof diameterSites !== \"number\" || !Number.isFinite(diameterSites) || diameterSites < 0)\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\"The defocus disc diameter must be a finite number of sites, zero or more.\");\n}\n\n/** Area of the disc of radius r (centred at the origin) inside [0, x] × [0, y], for x, y ≥ 0. */\nfunction quadrantArea(x: number, y: number, r: number): number {\n  if (x > r) x = r;\n  if (y > r) y = r;\n  if (x * x + y * y <= r * r) return x * y;\n  const xa = Math.sqrt((r - y) * (r + y)), ya = Math.sqrt((r - x) * (r + x));\n  // arcsin(x/r) − arcsin(x_a/r) is the angle between the arc points (x_a, y) and (x, y_a), whose sine is (x·y − x_a·y_a)/r².\n  return 0.5 * (xa * y + x * ya + r * r * portableAsin(Math.min(1, (x * y - xa * ya) / (r * r))));\n}\n/** {@link quadrantArea} extended as an odd function of x and of y. */\nfunction signedQuadrantArea(x: number, y: number, r: number): number {\n  const q = quadrantArea(x < 0 ? -x : x, y < 0 ? -y : y, r);\n  return (x < 0) !== (y < 0) ? -q : q;\n}\n/**\n * Area of the disc inside the cell [i − ½, i + ½] × [j − ½, j + ½], for i ≥ j ≥ 0. Exactly 0 when the cell's point nearest\n * the centre lies on or outside the circle. Otherwise the four corner terms are up to r² in size, so the difference\n * carries an absolute rounding error of a few r²·2^-53 (below 10^-11 at the radius cap, under 10^-15 of the disc's area);\n * a cell that barely touches the disc can come out a rounding error below zero and is set to 0.\n */\nfunction cellArea(i: number, j: number, r: number): number {\n  const x0 = i - 0.5, x1 = i + 0.5, y0 = j - 0.5, y1 = j + 0.5;\n  const nx = i === 0 ? 0 : x0, ny = j === 0 ? 0 : y0;\n  if (nx * nx + ny * ny >= r * r) return 0;\n  const area = (signedQuadrantArea(x1, y1, r) - signedQuadrantArea(x0, y1, r)) - (signedQuadrantArea(x1, y0, r) - signedQuadrantArea(x0, y0, r));\n  return area > 0 ? area : 0;\n}\n\n/**\n * The defocus disc of `diameterSites` (c / pitch) sampled on the site lattice, or null for a zero diameter (in focus:\n * callers apply no kernel). Fails with `InvalidScientificInputError` for a negative or non-finite diameter, and when\n * the kernel radius exceeds {@link DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES}.\n */\nexport function createDefocusDiscSiteKernel(diameterSites: number): DefocusDiscSiteKernel | null {\n  const radius = requireDefocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites);\n  if (diameterSites === 0) return null;\n  const r = diameterSites / 2, width = 2 * radius + 1, weights = new Float64Array(width * width);\n  // One octant, mirrored into the eight symmetric cells.\n  for (let i = 0; i <= radius; i++) for (let j = 0; j <= i; j++) {\n    const a = cellArea(i, j, r);\n    for (const [u, v] of [[i, j], [j, i]] as const) for (const su of u === 0 ? [1] : [1, -1]) for (const sv of v === 0 ? [1] : [1, -1])\n      weights[(sv * v + radius) * width + su * u + radius] = a;\n  }\n  normalize(weights, (width * width - 1) / 2);\n  return { diameterSites, radius, width, weights };\n}\n\n/**\n * Divides by the float64 sum, then sets the centre weight to 1 minus the exact sum of the others (accumulated as a\n * double-double with Knuth's TwoSum), rounded once. The exact real sum of the weights is then 1 within half a unit in\n * the last place of the centre weight. (No float64 summation order can promise exactly 1: a one-ulp change of one weight\n * can move a rounded sum from just below 1 to just above it.)\n */\nfunction normalize(weights: Float64Array, centre: number): void {\n  let total = 0;\n  for (let k = 0; k < weights.length; k++) total += weights[k]!;\n  for (let k = 0; k < weights.length; k++) weights[k]! /= total;\n  let hi = 0, lo = 0;\n  for (let k = 0; k < weights.length; k++) {\n    if (k === centre) continue;\n    const w = weights[k]!, s = hi + w, b = s - hi;\n    lo += (hi - (s - b)) + (w - b);\n    hi = s;\n  }\n  // 1 − (hi + lo): TwoSum of 1 and −hi, then the low parts.\n  const s = 1 - hi, b = s - 1, e = (1 - (s - b)) + (-hi - b);\n  weights[centre] = s + (e - lo);\n}\n\n/** The geometric defocus disc of one request, in micrometres and in sites. */\nexport interface ResolvedDefocusDisc {\n  /** Blur-circle diameter c at the sensor, µm (`calculateDefocusCircle`, thin-lens model 1.1.0). */\n  readonly diameterMicrometers: number;\n  /** c / pitch. */\n  readonly diameterSites: number;\n  /** Kernel radius R in sites (0 when c = 0). */\n  readonly kernelRadiusSites: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolves the defocus disc for a thin lens focused at `focusDistanceM` imaging a plane at `subjectDistanceM`, on a\n * lattice of `pitchMicrometers`. Exactly zero when the two distances are equal. It does not check the radius cap.\n */\nexport function resolveDefocusDisc(input: { focalLengthMm: number; aperture: number; focusDistanceM: number; subjectDistanceM: number;\n  pitchMicrometers: number }): ResolvedDefocusDisc {\n  const { pitchMicrometers, ...circle } = input;\n  if (!Number.isFinite(pitchMicrometers) || pitchMicrometers <= 0) throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\"pitchMicrometers must be a positive finite number.\");\n  const diameterMicrometers = calculateDefocusCircle(circle).value.diameterMm * 1000;\n  const diameterSites = diameterMicrometers / pitchMicrometers;\n  return { diameterMicrometers, diameterSites, kernelRadiusSites: defocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites) };\n}\n\n/**\n * The full 2-D convolution of two square site kernels (row-major, radii `radiusA` and `radiusB`): a kernel of radius\n * radiusA + radiusB with out(t) = Σ_s a(s)·b(t − s), each output summed over the taps of `a` in row-major order (zero taps\n * of either kernel skipped, which adds exact zeros only). Used for lens.defocus with lens.diffraction (#492): each spectral\n * node's diffraction kernel convolved with the defocus disc. That combination is an approximation: the defocused wave PSF\n * of a circular pupil is not exactly the in-focus Airy pattern convolved with the geometric disc. Both inputs here are\n * centred and non-negative, so the result is too; its sum is the product of the inputs' sums up to rounding.\n */\nexport function convolveSiteKernels(a: Float64Array, radiusA: number, b: Float64Array, radiusB: number): Float64Array {\n  const wa = 2 * radiusA + 1, wb = 2 * radiusB + 1, radius = radiusA + radiusB, width = 2 * radius + 1;\n  if (a.length !== wa * wa || b.length !== wb * wb) throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\"Site kernels must be (2R + 1)² taps.\");\n  const out = new Float64Array(width * width);\n  // Non-zero taps of b, as (row, column, weight).\n  const bRows: number[] = [], bColumns: number[] = [], bWeights: number[] = [];\n  for (let j = 0; j < wb; j++) for (let i = 0; i < wb; i++) { const w = b[j * wb + i]!; if (w !== 0) { bRows.push(j); bColumns.push(i); bWeights.push(w); } }\n  for (let sj = 0; sj < wa; sj++) for (let si = 0; si < wa; si++) {\n    const w = a[sj * wa + si]!;\n    if (w === 0) continue;\n    for (let k = 0; k < bWeights.length; k++) {\n      const index = (sj + bRows[k]!) * width + si + bColumns[k]!;\n      out[index] = out[index]! + w * bWeights[k]!;\n    }\n  }\n  return out;\n}\n"]}
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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * The geometric defocus disc of a flat scene, sampled on the square site lattice, for\n * `lens.defocus: { model: \"geometric-disc\" }` (#492). Internal except for the radius cap\n * {@link DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES} and the pre-check {@link calculateDefocusDiscKernelRadius}, which are\n * root exports (#532), so a caller can check a request against the cap before rendering.\n *\n * Model. For a scene plane at the subject distance d and a thin lens focused at s, an ideal uniform circular pupil\n * spreads every in-focus image point into a uniform disc of diameter c = f²·|s − d| / (N·d·(s − f)) on the sensor\n * (`calculateDefocusCircle`, thin-lens model 1.1.0; geometric optics, no diffraction or aberrations). The defocused\n * image of the plane is therefore the in-focus image convolved with that disc: one fixed, wavelength-independent\n * kernel. It is an approximation (geometric optics, ideal uniform circular pupil, no vignetting of the pupil).\n *\n * Sampling. The disc of diameter c/p sites (p the site pitch) is centred on a site centre. The weight of the site at\n * offset (i, j) is the exact area of the disc inside that site's square cell [i − ½, i + ½] × [j − ½, j + ½], divided\n * by the area of the disc. The area of a disc inside a rectangle is a signed sum over the rectangle's four corners of\n * the area Q(x, y) of the disc inside the quadrant [0, x] × [0, y] (inclusion–exclusion), and for x, y ≥ 0 with\n * x, y clamped to the radius r\n *   Q = x·y                                                when x² + y² ≤ r²,\n *   Q = ½·(x_a·y + x·y_a + r²·(arcsin(x/r) − arcsin(x_a/r)))  otherwise,\n * with x_a = √(r² − y²) and y_a = √(r² − x²) the arc's crossings of the quadrant's edges: the rectangle left of the\n * crossing plus the area under the arc, ∫ √(r² − t²) dt = ½·(t·√(r² − t²) + r²·arcsin(t/r)) (elementary geometry\n * and calculus; NIST DLMF 4.24.1 for the arcsine, free). The arcsine difference is the angle between the two arc\n * points, evaluated as arcsin((x·y − x_a·y_a)/r²) (the sine of a difference). Q is extended to negative x or y as an\n * odd function.\n *\n * Determinism. Only correctly rounded operations and `portableAsin` are used, so the weights are the same bits in\n * every JavaScript engine. One octant (0 ≤ j ≤ i) is computed and mirrored, so the kernel has the exact 8-fold\n * symmetry of the disc and the square lattice. The weights are divided by their float64 sum, then the centre weight\n * takes up the remaining rounding, so their exact sum is 1 within half a unit in the last place of the centre weight.\n *\n * Limits. The window is (2R + 1)² sites with R = ⌈r − ½⌉ (0 when r ≤ ½: a disc inside one cell is the identity, a\n * valid kernel). R is capped at {@link DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES}; past it the call fails, naming the\n * cap and the radius asked for, instead of clipping the disc.\n */\n\nimport { calculatedResult, type CalculationResult } from \"../core/calculation-result.js\";\nimport { portableAsin } from \"../core/portable-math.js\";\nimport { requireInputKeys } from \"../core/record-validation.js\";\nimport { InvalidScientificInputError, requirePositiveFinite } from \"../core/validation.js\";\nimport { calculateDefocusCircle } from \"./depth-of-field.js\";\n\n/**\n * Largest kernel radius in sites of `lens.defocus: { model: \"geometric-disc\" }`, R ≤ 64: a disc of at most 129 sites\n * across (a 129 × 129 window, 16 641 taps per site; the diffraction kernels stop at 32). `simulateCapture`,\n * `simulateDisplayView` and `prepareDisplayView` refuse a request whose disc needs more, and never clip the disc; check a\n * request first with {@link calculateDefocusDiscKernelRadius}.\n *\n * Set from the cost measured in the capture (#492, step 2a; docs/QUICK_START.md, \"Optics\"): the capture's time grows with\n * R² at every site the disc sees an edge from, and a 0.7 MP Siemens star took 0.37 s in focus, 2.9 s at R = 32, 4.7 s at\n * R = 41 and 11.6 s at R = 64 (Node, one thread). 64 keeps the issue's 1.4 µm example (50 mm f/2.8, subject 2 m, focus\n * 1.6 m: R = 41) with room for larger blurs, at a cost the caller chooses and the docs state; past it the call fails.\n */\nexport const DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES = 64;\n\n/** Whether a kernel radius is within {@link DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES}: the one test the renderer and the pre-check share. */\nfunction isWithinDefocusDiscKernelLimit(radius: number): boolean {\n  return radius <= DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES;\n}\n\n/** The disc sampled on the site lattice. */\nexport interface DefocusDiscSiteKernel {\n  /** Disc diameter in sites (c / pitch). */\n  readonly diameterSites: number;\n  /** Kernel radius R in sites: the window is (2R + 1) × (2R + 1). */\n  readonly radius: number;\n  /** Window side, 2R + 1. */\n  readonly width: number;\n  /** Row-major weights, index (j + R)·width + (i + R) for the site offset (i, j); their row-major float64 sum is 1. */\n  readonly weights: Float64Array;\n}\n\n/** Kernel radius in sites for a disc of `diameterSites`: the cells [i − ½, i + ½] the disc reaches with positive area. */\nexport function defocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites: number): number {\n  requireDiameter(diameterSites);\n  const r = diameterSites / 2;\n  return r <= 0.5 ? 0 : Math.ceil(r - 0.5);\n}\n\n/**\n * {@link defocusDiscKernelRadius}, failing with `InvalidScientificInputError` (naming the cap and the radius asked for)\n * when it exceeds {@link DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES}. The disc is never clipped to fit.\n */\nexport function requireDefocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites: number): number {\n  const radius = defocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites);\n  if (!isWithinDefocusDiscKernelLimit(radius))\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\"The defocus disc of \" + diameterSites + \" sites needs a kernel radius of \" + radius +\n      \" sites; the limit is \" + DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES + \" sites (DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES).\");\n  return radius;\n}\n\nfunction requireDiameter(diameterSites: number): void {\n  if (typeof diameterSites !== \"number\" || !Number.isFinite(diameterSites) || diameterSites < 0)\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\"The defocus disc diameter must be a finite number of sites, zero or more.\");\n}\n\n/** Area of the disc of radius r (centred at the origin) inside [0, x] × [0, y], for x, y ≥ 0. */\nfunction quadrantArea(x: number, y: number, r: number): number {\n  if (x > r) x = r;\n  if (y > r) y = r;\n  if (x * x + y * y <= r * r) return x * y;\n  const xa = Math.sqrt((r - y) * (r + y)), ya = Math.sqrt((r - x) * (r + x));\n  // arcsin(x/r) − arcsin(x_a/r) is the angle between the arc points (x_a, y) and (x, y_a), whose sine is (x·y − x_a·y_a)/r².\n  return 0.5 * (xa * y + x * ya + r * r * portableAsin(Math.min(1, (x * y - xa * ya) / (r * r))));\n}\n/** {@link quadrantArea} extended as an odd function of x and of y. */\nfunction signedQuadrantArea(x: number, y: number, r: number): number {\n  const q = quadrantArea(x < 0 ? -x : x, y < 0 ? -y : y, r);\n  return (x < 0) !== (y < 0) ? -q : q;\n}\n/**\n * Area of the disc inside the cell [i − ½, i + ½] × [j − ½, j + ½], for i ≥ j ≥ 0. Exactly 0 when the cell's point nearest\n * the centre lies on or outside the circle. Otherwise the four corner terms are up to r² in size, so the difference\n * carries an absolute rounding error of a few r²·2^-53 (below 10^-11 at the radius cap, under 10^-15 of the disc's area);\n * a cell that barely touches the disc can come out a rounding error below zero and is set to 0.\n */\nfunction cellArea(i: number, j: number, r: number): number {\n  const x0 = i - 0.5, x1 = i + 0.5, y0 = j - 0.5, y1 = j + 0.5;\n  const nx = i === 0 ? 0 : x0, ny = j === 0 ? 0 : y0;\n  if (nx * nx + ny * ny >= r * r) return 0;\n  const area = (signedQuadrantArea(x1, y1, r) - signedQuadrantArea(x0, y1, r)) - (signedQuadrantArea(x1, y0, r) - signedQuadrantArea(x0, y0, r));\n  return area > 0 ? area : 0;\n}\n\n/**\n * The defocus disc of `diameterSites` (c / pitch) sampled on the site lattice, or null for a zero diameter (in focus:\n * callers apply no kernel). Fails with `InvalidScientificInputError` for a negative or non-finite diameter, and when\n * the kernel radius exceeds {@link DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES}.\n */\nexport function createDefocusDiscSiteKernel(diameterSites: number): DefocusDiscSiteKernel | null {\n  const radius = requireDefocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites);\n  if (diameterSites === 0) return null;\n  const r = diameterSites / 2, width = 2 * radius + 1, weights = new Float64Array(width * width);\n  // One octant, mirrored into the eight symmetric cells.\n  for (let i = 0; i <= radius; i++) for (let j = 0; j <= i; j++) {\n    const a = cellArea(i, j, r);\n    for (const [u, v] of [[i, j], [j, i]] as const) for (const su of u === 0 ? [1] : [1, -1]) for (const sv of v === 0 ? [1] : [1, -1])\n      weights[(sv * v + radius) * width + su * u + radius] = a;\n  }\n  normalize(weights, (width * width - 1) / 2);\n  return { diameterSites, radius, width, weights };\n}\n\n/**\n * Divides by the float64 sum, then sets the centre weight to 1 minus the exact sum of the others (accumulated as a\n * double-double with Knuth's TwoSum), rounded once. The exact real sum of the weights is then 1 within half a unit in\n * the last place of the centre weight. (No float64 summation order can promise exactly 1: a one-ulp change of one weight\n * can move a rounded sum from just below 1 to just above it.)\n */\nfunction normalize(weights: Float64Array, centre: number): void {\n  let total = 0;\n  for (let k = 0; k < weights.length; k++) total += weights[k]!;\n  for (let k = 0; k < weights.length; k++) weights[k]! /= total;\n  let hi = 0, lo = 0;\n  for (let k = 0; k < weights.length; k++) {\n    if (k === centre) continue;\n    const w = weights[k]!, s = hi + w, b = s - hi;\n    lo += (hi - (s - b)) + (w - b);\n    hi = s;\n  }\n  // 1 − (hi + lo): TwoSum of 1 and −hi, then the low parts.\n  const s = 1 - hi, b = s - 1, e = (1 - (s - b)) + (-hi - b);\n  weights[centre] = s + (e - lo);\n}\n\n/** The geometric defocus disc of one request, in micrometres and in sites. */\nexport interface ResolvedDefocusDisc {\n  /** Blur-circle diameter c at the sensor, µm (`calculateDefocusCircle`, thin-lens model 1.1.0). */\n  readonly diameterMicrometers: number;\n  /** c / pitch. */\n  readonly diameterSites: number;\n  /** Kernel radius R in sites (0 when c = 0). */\n  readonly kernelRadiusSites: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolves the defocus disc for a thin lens focused at `focusDistanceM` imaging a plane at `subjectDistanceM`, on a\n * lattice of `pitchMicrometers`. Exactly zero when the two distances are equal. It does not check the radius cap.\n */\nexport function resolveDefocusDisc(input: { focalLengthMm: number; aperture: number; focusDistanceM: number; subjectDistanceM: number;\n  pitchMicrometers: number }): ResolvedDefocusDisc {\n  const { pitchMicrometers, ...circle } = input;\n  if (!Number.isFinite(pitchMicrometers) || pitchMicrometers <= 0) throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\"pitchMicrometers must be a positive finite number.\");\n  const diameterMicrometers = calculateDefocusCircle(circle).value.diameterMm * 1000;\n  const diameterSites = diameterMicrometers / pitchMicrometers;\n  return { diameterMicrometers, diameterSites, kernelRadiusSites: defocusDiscKernelRadius(diameterSites) };\n}\n\nexport interface CalculateDefocusDiscKernelRadiusInput {\n  /** Lens focal length in millimetres (`lens.focalLengthMm`). */\n  focalLengthMm: number;\n  /** F-number the capture uses: `lens.fNumber`, or in an automatic exposure mode the resolved `exposure.settings.fNumber`. */\n  aperture: number;\n  /** Focus-plane distance from the lens plane in metres (`lens.focusDistanceM`; `simulateCapture` defaults it to the subject distance). */\n  focusDistanceM: number;\n  /** Scene-plane distance from the lens plane in metres (`subjectDistanceM`). */\n  subjectDistanceM: number;\n  /** Sensor site pitch in micrometres (`sensor.pixelPitchMicrometers`), the lattice the disc is sampled on. */\n  pixelPitchMicrometers: number;\n}\n\nexport interface DefocusDiscKernelRadius {\n  /** Geometric blur-circle diameter c at the sensor in micrometres (`calculateDefocusCircle`, thin-lens model 1.1.0); 0 in focus. */\n  diameterMicrometers: number;\n  /** c / pixel pitch: the disc's diameter in sites. */\n  diameterSites: number;\n  /** Kernel radius R in sites the renderer needs for this disc, ⌈c / (2·pitch) − ½⌉ (0 for a disc inside one site, and in focus). */\n  kernelRadiusSites: number;\n  /** {@link DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES}, 64. */\n  maximumKernelRadiusSites: number;\n  /** Largest disc diameter in sites within the limit, 2·64 + 1 = 129: within the limit exactly when `diameterSites` ≤ 129. */\n  maximumDiameterSites: number;\n  /** True when `kernelRadiusSites` ≤ `maximumKernelRadiusSites`: `lens.defocus` renders the request; false: it refuses it. */\n  withinLimit: boolean;\n  /** How far past the limit the kernel radius is, max(0, R − 64) sites; 0 when within the limit. */\n  excessKernelRadiusSites: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * Checks, before rendering, whether `lens.defocus: { model: \"geometric-disc\" }` can render a request: the geometric\n * defocus disc's diameter on the site lattice, the kernel radius it needs, and whether that radius is within\n * {@link DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES} (#532). Pure and cheap: no kernel is built and nothing is rendered.\n *\n * It runs the same resolution and the same limit test as `simulateCapture`, `simulateDisplayView` and `prepareDisplayView`\n * (the blur circle c = f²·|s − d| / (N·d·(s − f)) of `calculateDefocusCircle`, thin-lens model 1.1.0, divided by the pitch),\n * so for the same focal length, f-number, distances and pitch a request they refuse for its defocus size has\n * `withinLimit: false`, and one they accept has `withinLimit: true`. Pass the values the capture uses: in an automatic\n * exposure mode that is the resolved f-number. The limit applies to the disc alone; with `lens.diffraction` the combined\n * kernel (diffraction radius plus defocus radius, at most 32 + 64 sites) has no further limit. Other reasons a capture\n * refuses `lens.defocus` out of focus (camera rotation, projection, distortion, vignetting, pupil sampling, a caller PSF)\n * are not checked here.\n *\n * The blur circle is a geometric thin-lens approximation for an ideal uniform circular pupil (no diffraction, aberrations\n * or pupil vignetting). Inputs follow `calculateDefocusCircle`: all positive and finite, both distances beyond the focal\n * length; invalid values fail with `InvalidScientificInputError`, unknown fields with `InvalidConfigurationError`.\n *\n * @param input Lens, f-number, focus and subject distances, and the sensor's site pitch.\n * @returns The disc and its kernel radius, the limit, and whether the request is within it and by how much it is not.\n */\nexport function calculateDefocusDiscKernelRadius(input: CalculateDefocusDiscKernelRadiusInput): CalculationResult<DefocusDiscKernelRadius> {\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"calculateDefocusDiscKernelRadius\", [\"focalLengthMm\", \"aperture\", \"focusDistanceM\", \"subjectDistanceM\", \"pixelPitchMicrometers\"]);\n  requirePositiveFinite(\"pixelPitchMicrometers\", input.pixelPitchMicrometers);\n  const disc = resolveDefocusDisc({ focalLengthMm: input.focalLengthMm, aperture: input.aperture, focusDistanceM: input.focusDistanceM,\n    subjectDistanceM: input.subjectDistanceM, pitchMicrometers: input.pixelPitchMicrometers });\n  const withinLimit = isWithinDefocusDiscKernelLimit(disc.kernelRadiusSites);\n  return calculatedResult({\n    diameterMicrometers: disc.diameterMicrometers,\n    diameterSites: disc.diameterSites,\n    kernelRadiusSites: disc.kernelRadiusSites,\n    maximumKernelRadiusSites: DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES,\n    maximumDiameterSites: 2 * DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES + 1,\n    withinLimit,\n    excessKernelRadiusSites: withinLimit ? 0 : disc.kernelRadiusSites - DEFOCUS_DISC_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES\n  }, \"defocus-disc-kernel-radius\", \"1.0.0\", [\n    \"Geometric thin-lens blur circle of an ideal uniform circular pupil (thin-lens-defocus-circle 1.1.0), an approximation\",\n    \"The disc and limit test lens.defocus { model: \\\"geometric-disc\\\" } applies in simulateCapture and the display view\",\n    \"Only the defocus size limit is checked\"\n  ]);\n}\n\n/**\n * The full 2-D convolution of two square site kernels (row-major, radii `radiusA` and `radiusB`): a kernel of radius\n * radiusA + radiusB with out(t) = Σ_s a(s)·b(t − s), each output summed over the taps of `a` in row-major order (zero taps\n * of either kernel skipped, which adds exact zeros only). Used for lens.defocus with lens.diffraction (#492): each spectral\n * node's diffraction kernel convolved with the defocus disc. That combination is an approximation: the defocused wave PSF\n * of a circular pupil is not exactly the in-focus Airy pattern convolved with the geometric disc. Both inputs here are\n * centred and non-negative, so the result is too; its sum is the product of the inputs' sums up to rounding.\n */\nexport function convolveSiteKernels(a: Float64Array, radiusA: number, b: Float64Array, radiusB: number): Float64Array {\n  const wa = 2 * radiusA + 1, wb = 2 * radiusB + 1, radius = radiusA + radiusB, width = 2 * radius + 1;\n  if (a.length !== wa * wa || b.length !== wb * wb) throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\"Site kernels must be (2R + 1)² taps.\");\n  const out = new Float64Array(width * width);\n  // Non-zero taps of b, as (row, column, weight).\n  const bRows: number[] = [], bColumns: number[] = [], bWeights: number[] = [];\n  for (let j = 0; j < wb; j++) for (let i = 0; i < wb; i++) { const w = b[j * wb + i]!; if (w !== 0) { bRows.push(j); bColumns.push(i); bWeights.push(w); } }\n  for (let sj = 0; sj < wa; sj++) for (let si = 0; si < wa; si++) {\n    const w = a[sj * wa + si]!;\n    if (w === 0) continue;\n    for (let k = 0; k < bWeights.length; k++) {\n      const index = (sj + bRows[k]!) * width + si + bColumns[k]!;\n      out[index] = out[index]! + w * bWeights[k]!;\n    }\n  }\n  return out;\n}\n"]}

package/dist/optics/diffraction-psf-profile.d.ts

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
  * so captures at sensor pitch are unchanged; larger cells (binned and whole-frame views) change in the last bits only.
  *
  * **Reuse (2.6).** The cells depend only on (β, R) (and the test-only node scale), so `calculateAiryCellEnergies` keeps the
- * 256 most recently used results and returns copies: tiles of one frame rendered in the same worker, and captures that
+ * 800 most recently used results (256 before 2.15.0; 800 holds two whole 400-node grids) and returns copies: tiles of one frame rendered in the same worker, and captures that
  * change only the exposure, ISO, scene or output, reuse the kernels instead of integrating them again. The frequency-domain
  * loop also takes cos θ and sin θ from a per-call table computed with the same expressions, so the values are unchanged.
  *
@@ -64,9 +64,14 @@ export declare const DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_MODEL: Readonly<{
     modelId: "photivra-diffraction-limited-circular-pupil-psf";
     modelVersion: "1.0.0";
 }>;
-/** Input limits: at most 64 wavelengths, kernel radius 0–32 samples (the irradiance-convolution limit). */
+/**
+ * Input limits: at most 400 wavelengths, kernel radius 0–32 samples (the irradiance-convolution limit). 400 is the finest spectral
+ * sampling of `simulateCapture` and the display view (`sensor.spectralStepNanometers` 1 nm over 380–780 nm), so `lens.diffraction`
+ * builds one exact kernel per spectral node at every allowed step; it was 64 before 2.15.0, which refused every step under 6.25 nm.
+ * The work and memory are linear in the count (measured in docs/PSF_FOUNDATION.md, "Spectral nodes").
+ */
 export declare const DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_LIMITS: Readonly<{
-    maximumWavelengths: 64;
+    maximumWavelengths: 400;
     maximumKernelRadiusSamples: 32;
 }>;
 /**
@@ -80,7 +85,7 @@ export interface CreateDiffractionLimitedPsfProfileInput {
     focalLengthMm: number;
     apertureFNumber: number;
     focus: FocusPlane;
-    /** Strictly increasing wavelengths, nm, in the medium of propagation (no air/vacuum conversion is applied). 1–64. */
+    /** Strictly increasing wavelengths, nm, in the medium of propagation (no air/vacuum conversion is applied). 1–400. */
     wavelengthsNm: readonly number[];
     /** Square sample pitch of every kernel, µm. */
     samplePitchMicrometers: number;

package/dist/optics/diffraction-psf-profile.js

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
  * so captures at sensor pitch are unchanged; larger cells (binned and whole-frame views) change in the last bits only.
  *
  * **Reuse (2.6).** The cells depend only on (β, R) (and the test-only node scale), so `calculateAiryCellEnergies` keeps the
- * 256 most recently used results and returns copies: tiles of one frame rendered in the same worker, and captures that
+ * 800 most recently used results (256 before 2.15.0; 800 holds two whole 400-node grids) and returns copies: tiles of one frame rendered in the same worker, and captures that
  * change only the exposure, ISO, scene or output, reuse the kernels instead of integrating them again. The frequency-domain
  * loop also takes cos θ and sin θ from a per-call table computed with the same expressions, so the values are unchanged.
  *
@@ -66,8 +66,13 @@ import { parseLensSampledPsfProfile } from "./lens-psf-profile.js";
 export const DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_MODEL = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({
     modelId: "photivra-diffraction-limited-circular-pupil-psf", modelVersion: "1.0.0"
 });
-/** Input limits: at most 64 wavelengths, kernel radius 0–32 samples (the irradiance-convolution limit). */
-export const DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_LIMITS = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ maximumWavelengths: 64, maximumKernelRadiusSamples: 32 });
+/**
+ * Input limits: at most 400 wavelengths, kernel radius 0–32 samples (the irradiance-convolution limit). 400 is the finest spectral
+ * sampling of `simulateCapture` and the display view (`sensor.spectralStepNanometers` 1 nm over 380–780 nm), so `lens.diffraction`
+ * builds one exact kernel per spectral node at every allowed step; it was 64 before 2.15.0, which refused every step under 6.25 nm.
+ * The work and memory are linear in the count (measured in docs/PSF_FOUNDATION.md, "Spectral nodes").
+ */
+export const DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_LIMITS = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ maximumWavelengths: 400, maximumKernelRadiusSamples: 32 });
 /**
  * Internal: β = p·f_c (cell side over the cut-off period) from which `calculateAiryCellEnergies` integrates the cells in
  * real space (2.5). Above every β of a `simulateCapture` pitch up to 100 µm, whose captures keep the frequency-domain values.
@@ -156,8 +161,11 @@ export function calculateAiryCellEnergies(beta, radius, scale = 1) {
         AIRY_CELL_CACHE.delete(AIRY_CELL_CACHE.keys().next().value);
     return result;
 }
-/** Memoized cell energies (2.6): 256 entries of (R + 1)² values, at most 256 × 33² × 8 bytes ≈ 2.2 MB. */
-const AIRY_CELL_CACHE_ENTRIES = 256;
+/**
+ * Memoized cell energies (2.6): 800 entries of (R + 1)² values, at most 800 × 33² × 8 bytes ≈ 7.0 MB. 2.15.0: 800 (was 256), so the
+ * least-recently-used order still reuses a whole grid of the finest spectral sampling (400 nodes), which 256 entries never did.
+ */
+const AIRY_CELL_CACHE_ENTRIES = 800;
 const AIRY_CELL_CACHE = new Map();
 /** Hankel asymptotic coefficients a_k(ν) of DLMF 10.17.1 for ν = 0 and 1, k = 0..15. */
 const HANKEL = (() => {
@@ -363,7 +371,7 @@ export function createDiffractionLimitedPsfProfile(input) {
     const fieldX = positive(field.x, "fieldHalfExtentMm.x"), fieldY = positive(field.y, "fieldHalfExtentMm.y");
     const list = r.wavelengthsNm;
     if (!Array.isArray(list) || list.length < 1 || list.length > L.maximumWavelengths)
-        throw new InvalidConfigurationError("wavelengthsNm must list 1 to 64 wavelengths.");
+        throw new InvalidConfigurationError("wavelengthsNm must list 1 to " + L.maximumWavelengths + " wavelengths.");
     const wavelengths = list.map((value, index) => positive(value, "wavelengthsNm[" + index + "]"));
     for (let i = 1; i < wavelengths.length; i++)
         if (!(wavelengths[i] > wavelengths[i - 1]))

package/dist/optics/diffraction-psf-profile.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Builds a `LensSampledPsfProfile` for an ideal, aberration-free, in-focus lens with a uniformly lit\n * circular pupil: the Airy pattern of scalar Fraunhofer diffraction, one unit-sum kernel per declared\n * wavelength on ONE shared sample grid (2.1.0).\n *\n * **Model.** The pupil diameter is D = f/N (entrance pupil = exit pupil, unity pupil magnification) and\n * the pupil-to-image distance z is the thin-lens image distance for the focus (f at infinity), so the\n * image-side (working) f-number is N_w = z/D. The incoherent optical transfer function (OTF) of a\n * uniform circular pupil is the normalized autocorrelation of the pupil,\n *   H(ρ) = (2/π)·(acos ρ − ρ·√(1 − ρ²)),  ρ = |f|/f_c ≤ 1,  f_c = 1/(λ·N_w),\n * and the intensity PSF is its inverse Fourier transform (the Airy pattern, first zero at 1.21967·λ·N_w)\n * (MIT OpenCourseWare 2.71 Optics, Spring 2009, lectures 21–22, free: the intensity PSF as the transform of\n * the pupil autocorrelation and the circular-pupil MTF; also see: Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics,\n * 4th ed., 2017, §7.3).\n *\n * **Cell integration (exact, no Bessel functions).** Kernel sample (i, j) is the PSF energy inside the\n * square cell of side p centred on (i·p, j·p). The cell integral is the PSF convolved with the cell's\n * indicator, evaluated at the cell centre, so in the frequency domain\n *   K(i, j) = p² ∫∫ H(|f|/f_c)·sinc(p·f_x)·sinc(p·f_y)·cos(2π·p·i·f_x)·cos(2π·p·j·f_y) d²f,\n * with sinc(x) = sin(πx)/(πx) (the sine terms vanish because H is even). It is evaluated in polar\n * coordinates: a trapezoid rule in angle (exponentially convergent for this smooth periodic integrand) and\n * Gauss–Legendre in t with ρ = 1 − t², which removes the (1 − ρ)^{3/2} edge behaviour of H. The node counts\n * follow from the integrand's bandwidth with a fixed margin; the tests check convergence by doubling them and\n * check the values against an independent real-space integration of `calculateIdealPolygonDiffractionPsf` in\n * its many-blade (circular) limit. The sum of all cells is exactly 1 (Parseval), so the energy captured by\n * the finite kernel is Σ K over its window and the truncated energy is 1 − Σ K.\n *\n * **Cells much larger than the pattern (2.5; threshold lowered to β = 32 after 2.8.1).** The frequency-domain node counts grow with β = p·f_c (the\n * cell side over the cut-off period), so the work grows as β². From β ≥ `AIRY_REAL_SPACE_MINIMUM_BETA` (32) the cells are\n * integrated in real space instead, with the same model and no frequency integral: the Airy encircled energy is\n * EE(r) = 1 − J₀(x)² − J₁(x)², x = π·r·f_c (it follows from J₀′ = −J₁ and J₁′ = J₀ − J₁/x, DLMF §10.6(i), free), so\n * the energy of the rectangle [0, X] × [0, Y] is (1/2π)∫ EE(r_edge(θ)) dθ over its quadrant, a one-dimensional\n * integral in θ. Every cell is a signed sum of such rectangles. J₀² + J₁² comes from the Hankel asymptotic expansion\n * (DLMF §10.17(i), eq. 10.17.3, free) from x = 300, with eight terms in each of P and Q (remainder under 1e-17,\n * DLMF §10.17(iii)), and below it from Miller's backward recurrence normalized by J₀ + 2ΣJ₂ₖ = 1 (DLMF §3.6(iii),\n * 10.12.4, free). The θ integral uses 16-point Gauss–Legendre panels on which the phase 2x changes by at most\n * 2 radians, so the work grows only as β. The tests check the two methods against each other from β = 32 to 400, the\n * real-space cells against the asymptotic leakage 8√2/(π³·β) of the centre cell, and convergence under doubled panel\n * counts. The threshold was 192 in 2.5; it moved to 32 because from there the real-space cells agree with the frequency-domain cells\n * within about 1e-12 and cost a few to a few hundred times less (a 750 µm whole-frame cell at f/8 took 3.4 s for 20\n * wavelengths). Every β a native pitch up to 10 µm reaches (at most 10/(0.38·1.4) ≈ 19) stays in the frequency domain,\n * so captures at sensor pitch are unchanged; larger cells (binned and whole-frame views) change in the last bits only.\n *\n * **Reuse (2.6).** The cells depend only on (β, R) (and the test-only node scale), so `calculateAiryCellEnergies` keeps the\n * 256 most recently used results and returns copies: tiles of one frame rendered in the same worker, and captures that\n * change only the exposure, ISO, scene or output, reuse the kernels instead of integrating them again. The frequency-domain\n * loop also takes cos θ and sin θ from a per-call table computed with the same expressions, so the values are unchanged.\n *\n * **Truncation and normalization.** The kernel is the (2R+1)² window of cells. The Airy tails fall only as\n * r⁻³, so a finite window always misses some energy: it is reported per wavelength, and the window is then\n * renormalized to unit sum because the sampled-profile contract requires unit-energy kernels. The missing\n * tail energy is thereby put back inside the window (an approximation that slightly raises low-frequency\n * contrast compared with the untruncated pattern).\n *\n * **Approximations (labelled):** scalar (no polarization), aberration-free, uniform pupil amplitude, exactly in\n * focus (no defocus), thin lens with unity pupil magnification, the on-axis PSF used across the declared field\n * (isoplanatic), PSF energy binned into the sample cells, finite window renormalized. Not a measured lens.\n * @see docs/PSF_FOUNDATION.md, \"Diffraction-limited sampled profile (2.1)\".\n */\n\nimport { approximationResult, type CalculationResult } from \"../core/calculation-result.js\";\nimport { InvalidConfigurationError } from \"../core/configuration-error.js\";\nimport { requireAllowlistedRecord } from \"../core/record-validation.js\";\nimport type { EvidenceProvenance } from \"../core/evidence-provenance.js\";\nimport type { FocusPlane } from \"./focus-state.js\";\nimport { calculateThinLensImageDistance } from \"./thin-lens.js\";\nimport { parseLensSampledPsfProfile, type LensSampledPsfProfile } from \"./lens-psf-profile.js\";\n\nexport const DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_MODEL = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({\n  modelId: \"photivra-diffraction-limited-circular-pupil-psf\" as const, modelVersion: \"1.0.0\" as const });\n/** Input limits: at most 64 wavelengths, kernel radius 0–32 samples (the irradiance-convolution limit). */\nexport const DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_LIMITS = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ maximumWavelengths: 64, maximumKernelRadiusSamples: 32 });\n/**\n * Internal: β = p·f_c (cell side over the cut-off period) from which `calculateAiryCellEnergies` integrates the cells in\n * real space (2.5). Above every β of a `simulateCapture` pitch up to 100 µm, whose captures keep the frequency-domain values.\n */\nexport const AIRY_REAL_SPACE_MINIMUM_BETA = 32;\n/** Radius of the first dark ring of the Airy pattern in units of λ·N_w: j₁,₁/π, j₁,₁ = 3.8317059702 (first zero of J₁). */\nconst AIRY_FIRST_ZERO_PER_LAMBDA_N = 3.8317059702075125 / Math.PI;\n\nexport interface CreateDiffractionLimitedPsfProfileInput {\n  /** Only `circular` in 2.1.0 (polygon pupils: `calculateIdealPolygonDiffractionPsf` gives point densities). */\n  aperture: \"circular\";\n  focalLengthMm: number;\n  apertureFNumber: number;\n  focus: FocusPlane;\n  /** Strictly increasing wavelengths, nm, in the medium of propagation (no air/vacuum conversion is applied). 1–64. */\n  wavelengthsNm: readonly number[];\n  /** Square sample pitch of every kernel, µm. */\n  samplePitchMicrometers: number;\n  /** Kernel half-width in samples; each kernel is (2R + 1)². 0–32. */\n  kernelRadiusSamples: number;\n  /** Half-extent of the image field over which the on-axis PSF is declared (profile field axes ±x, ±y), mm. */\n  fieldHalfExtentMm: { x: number; y: number };\n  profileId: string;\n}\n\nexport interface DiffractionLimitedPsfWavelength {\n  wavelengthNm: number;\n  /** f_c = 1/(λ·N_w), cycles per µm. */\n  cutoffFrequencyCyclesPerMicrometer: number;\n  /** 1.21967·λ·N_w, µm. */\n  firstZeroRadiusMicrometers: number;\n  /** Σ of the cell energies inside the window before renormalization (of a total of 1). */\n  capturedEnergyFraction: number;\n  /** 1 − capturedEnergyFraction: the Airy tail energy outside the window, put back by renormalization. */\n  truncatedEnergyFraction: number;\n  /** Fraction of the renormalized kernel in the centre sample. */\n  centreSampleFraction: number;\n}\n\nexport interface DiffractionLimitedPsfProfile {\n  profile: LensSampledPsfProfile;\n  model: typeof DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_MODEL;\n  pupilDiameterMm: number;\n  pupilToImageDistanceMm: number;\n  workingFNumber: number;\n  kernelRadiusSamples: number;\n  samplePitchMicrometers: number;\n  wavelengths: readonly DiffractionLimitedPsfWavelength[];\n  /** Largest truncated energy over the wavelengths. */\n  maximumTruncatedEnergyFraction: number;\n  /**\n   * How the cells were integrated. 2.5: wavelengths with β = p·f_c ≥ `AIRY_REAL_SPACE_MINIMUM_BETA` (192 in 2.5–2.8.1, then 32) use the real-space\n   * encircled-energy method; `realSpaceWavelengthsNm` lists them, and `method` is `\"frequency-domain-and-real-space\"` when both ran.\n   * `maximumRadialNodes` counts frequency-domain radial nodes (0 when only the real-space method ran); `maximumAngularNodes` the\n   * angular nodes of either method (for the real-space method, all θ nodes of one wavelength).\n   */\n  quadrature: { method: \"polar-frequency-domain-trapezoid-gauss-legendre\" | \"real-space-encircled-energy-gauss-legendre\" | \"frequency-domain-and-real-space\";\n    maximumRadialNodes: number; maximumAngularNodes: number; realSpaceWavelengthsNm?: readonly number[] };\n}\n\nconst EVIDENCE: readonly EvidenceProvenance[] = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze([/* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ sourceOrigin: \"photivra\" as const,\n  sourceReference: \"photivra:diffraction-limited-psf-profile\", reuseStatus: \"photivra-owned\" as const })]);\nconst LIMITATIONS = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze([\n  \"Scalar Fraunhofer diffraction of an ideal, uniformly lit circular pupil (Airy pattern); no aberration, apodization, polarization or stray light.\",\n  \"Exactly in focus: no defocus or depth of field. Thin lens with unity pupil magnification; the pupil-to-image distance is the thin-lens image distance.\",\n  \"The on-axis PSF is declared unchanged across the field (isoplanatic); no field-dependent aberration or pupil clipping.\",\n  \"PSF energy is binned into square sample cells; the finite window misses the Airy tail energy listed per wavelength and is renormalized to unit sum.\",\n  \"Wavelengths are used as given, in the declared basis, without air/vacuum conversion.\"\n]);\n\nfunction positive(value: unknown, name: string): number {\n  if (typeof value !== \"number\" || !Number.isFinite(value) || value <= 0) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(name + \" must be a positive finite number.\");\n  return value;\n}\n\n/** Gauss–Legendre nodes and weights on [0, 1] (Newton iteration on Pₙ; DLMF §3.5(v)). Cached per n. */\nconst GAUSS_LEGENDRE = new Map<number, { nodes: Float64Array; weights: Float64Array }>();\nfunction gaussLegendre(n: number): { nodes: Float64Array; weights: Float64Array } {\n  const cached = GAUSS_LEGENDRE.get(n);\n  if (cached) return cached;\n  const nodes = new Float64Array(n), weights = new Float64Array(n);\n  for (let k = 0; k < Math.ceil(n / 2); k++) {\n    let x = Math.cos(Math.PI * (k + 0.75) / (n + 0.5));\n    for (let iteration = 0; iteration < 100; iteration++) {\n      let p0 = 1, p1 = x;\n      for (let m = 2; m <= n; m++) { const p2 = ((2 * m - 1) * x * p1 - (m - 1) * p0) / m; p0 = p1; p1 = p2; }\n      const step = p1 / (n * (x * p1 - p0) / (x * x - 1));\n      x -= step;\n      if (Math.abs(step) < 1e-16) break;\n    }\n    let p0 = 1, p1 = x;\n    for (let m = 2; m <= n; m++) { const p2 = ((2 * m - 1) * x * p1 - (m - 1) * p0) / m; p0 = p1; p1 = p2; }\n    const derivative = n * (x * p1 - p0) / (x * x - 1);\n    const w = 1 / ((1 - x * x) * derivative * derivative);\n    // Map [-1, 1] to [0, 1]: t = (1 ± x)/2, weight w (2/(1-x²)P'² halved).\n    nodes[k] = (1 - x) / 2; weights[k] = w;\n    nodes[n - 1 - k] = (1 + x) / 2; weights[n - 1 - k] = w;\n  }\n  const result = { nodes, weights };\n  if (GAUSS_LEGENDRE.size < 64) GAUSS_LEGENDRE.set(n, result);\n  return result;\n}\nfunction sinc(x: number): number {\n  if (x === 0) return 1;\n  const a = Math.PI * x;\n  return Math.sin(a) / a;\n}\n\n/**\n * Cell energies K(i, j), 0 ≤ i, j ≤ R, of the Airy pattern for β = p·f_c (cell side in units of the cut-off\n * period): in the frequency domain below `AIRY_REAL_SPACE_MINIMUM_BETA`, in real space from it (2.5). `scale`\n * multiplies the node or panel counts (1 in production; the tests use 2 to check convergence).\n */\nexport function calculateAiryCellEnergies(beta: number, radius: number, scale = 1): { cells: Float64Array; radialNodes: number; angularNodes: number; realSpace: boolean } {\n  // 2.6: a pure function of (β, R, scale), so results are memoized (most recently used first) and handed out as copies.\n  // Tiles of one frame, and captures that change only the exposure or the scene, rebuild the same kernels.\n  const key = beta + \"|\" + radius + \"|\" + scale, cached = AIRY_CELL_CACHE.get(key);\n  if (cached) {\n    AIRY_CELL_CACHE.delete(key); AIRY_CELL_CACHE.set(key, cached);\n    return { ...cached, cells: cached.cells.slice() };\n  }\n  const result = beta >= AIRY_REAL_SPACE_MINIMUM_BETA ? { ...calculateAiryCellEnergiesInRealSpace(beta, radius, scale), radialNodes: 0, realSpace: true } :\n    { ...calculateAiryCellEnergiesInFrequencyDomain(beta, radius, scale), realSpace: false };\n  AIRY_CELL_CACHE.set(key, { ...result, cells: result.cells.slice() });\n  if (AIRY_CELL_CACHE.size > AIRY_CELL_CACHE_ENTRIES) AIRY_CELL_CACHE.delete(AIRY_CELL_CACHE.keys().next().value!);\n  return result;\n}\n/** Memoized cell energies (2.6): 256 entries of (R + 1)² values, at most 256 × 33² × 8 bytes ≈ 2.2 MB. */\nconst AIRY_CELL_CACHE_ENTRIES = 256;\nconst AIRY_CELL_CACHE = new Map<string, { cells: Float64Array; radialNodes: number; angularNodes: number; realSpace: boolean }>();\n\n/** Hankel asymptotic coefficients a_k(ν) of DLMF 10.17.1 for ν = 0 and 1, k = 0..15. */\nconst HANKEL = ((): { a0: Float64Array; a1: Float64Array } => {\n  const a0 = new Float64Array(16), a1 = new Float64Array(16);\n  a0[0] = 1; a1[0] = 1;\n  for (let k = 1; k < 16; k++) {\n    const odd = (2 * k - 1) * (2 * k - 1);\n    a0[k] = a0[k - 1]! * (0 - odd) / (8 * k);\n    a1[k] = a1[k - 1]! * (4 - odd) / (8 * k);\n  }\n  return { a0, a1 };\n})();\n/** Smallest argument of `besselSquareSum`: there the 16-term expansion's remainder is below 1e-17. */\nconst HANKEL_MINIMUM_ARGUMENT = 300;\n\n/**\n * J₀(x)² + J₁(x)² for x > 0. From x ≥ 300 by the Hankel expansion J_ν(x) = √(2/(πx))·(P_ν cos ω_ν − Q_ν sin ω_ν), ω_ν = x − νπ/2 − π/4,\n * P_ν = Σ(−1)^k a_2k(ν)/x^2k, Q_ν = Σ(−1)^k a_2k+1(ν)/x^2k+1 (DLMF 10.17.3), eight terms each. With ω₁ = ω₀ − π/2,\n * J₁ = √(2/(πx))·(P₁ sin ω₀ + Q₁ cos ω₀). Below 300 by Miller's backward recurrence J_{n−1} = (2n/x)·J_n − J_{n+1} (DLMF 10.6.1;\n * the algorithm, DLMF §3.6(iii)), started at an order above x where J_n is negligible, normalized by J₀ + 2·Σ J_2k = 1\n * (DLMF 10.12.4). Internal.\n */\nexport function besselSquareSum(x: number): number {\n  if (!(x > 0) || !Number.isFinite(x)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"J0 and J1 need a positive finite argument.\");\n  if (x < HANKEL_MINIMUM_ARGUMENT) return besselSquareSumByRecurrence(x);\n  const { a0, a1 } = HANKEL, inverse = 1 / x;\n  let p0 = 0, q0 = 0, p1 = 0, q1 = 0, power = 1;\n  for (let k = 0; k < 16; k++) {\n    const sign = (k >> 1) % 2 === 0 ? 1 : -1;\n    if (k % 2 === 0) { p0 += sign * a0[k]! * power; p1 += sign * a1[k]! * power; } else { q0 += sign * a0[k]! * power; q1 += sign * a1[k]! * power; }\n    power *= inverse;\n  }\n  const omega = x - Math.PI / 4, c = Math.cos(omega), s = Math.sin(omega);\n  const j0 = p0 * c - q0 * s, j1 = p1 * s + q1 * c;\n  return 2 / (Math.PI * x) * (j0 * j0 + j1 * j1);\n}\n/**\n * Miller's backward recurrence for 0 < x < 300 (see `besselSquareSum`). The start order x + 10·∛x + 40 (even) lies far enough in the\n * region where J_n(x) falls faster than exponentially that the start values' error is below double precision at J₀ and J₁; the\n * values are rescaled when they grow large, and normalized before squaring.\n */\nfunction besselSquareSumByRecurrence(x: number): number {\n  const start = 2 * Math.ceil((x + 10 * Math.cbrt(x) + 40) / 2);\n  let next = 0, current = 1e-100, sum = 0, j1 = 0;\n  for (let n = start; n >= 1; n--) {\n    const previous = (2 * n / x) * current - next;\n    next = current; current = previous;\n    if (n - 1 === 1) j1 = current;\n    if (n - 1 > 0 && (n - 1) % 2 === 0) sum += 2 * current;\n    if (Math.abs(current) > 1e100) { current *= 1e-100; next *= 1e-100; sum *= 1e-100; j1 *= 1e-100; }\n  }\n  sum += current;\n  const j0 = current / sum, j1n = j1 / sum;\n  return j0 * j0 + j1n * j1n;\n}\n\n/**\n * Real-space cell energies (2.5): see the module comment. G(Z, φ) = ∫₀^φ [J₀² + J₁²](π·β·Z/cos θ) dθ for cell boundaries at\n * half-integer distances Z (in cells), accumulated along θ for each Z with every needed φ = atan(W/Z) as a panel boundary.\n * The rectangle [0, X] × [0, Y] holds 1/4 − (G(X, atan(Y/X)) + G(Y, atan(X/Y)))/(2π) of the energy. Internal.\n */\nexport function calculateAiryCellEnergiesInRealSpace(beta: number, radius: number, scale = 1): { cells: Float64Array; angularNodes: number } {\n  const size = radius + 1, table = new Float64Array(size * size), { nodes, weights } = gaussLegendre(16);\n  let angularNodes = 0;\n  for (let z = 0; z < size; z++) {\n    const Z = z + 0.5, k = Math.PI * beta * Z;\n    let sum = 0, t0 = 1, theta0 = 0;\n    for (let w = 0; w < size; w++) {\n      // Panels equal in t = 1/cos θ, so the phase 2x = 2kt changes by at most 2 radians on each.\n      const t1 = Math.hypot(Z, w + 0.5) / Z, theta1 = Math.atan2(w + 0.5, Z), panels = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(scale * k * (t1 - t0)));\n      let a = theta0;\n      for (let n = 1; n <= panels; n++) {\n        const b = n === panels ? theta1 : Math.acos(1 / (t0 + (t1 - t0) * n / panels)), h = b - a;\n        let panel = 0;\n        for (let g = 0; g < 16; g++) panel += weights[g]! * besselSquareSum(k / Math.cos(a + h * nodes[g]!));\n        sum += panel * h;\n        a = b;\n      }\n      angularNodes += 16 * panels;\n      table[z * size + w] = sum;\n      t0 = t1; theta0 = theta1;\n    }\n  }\n  // Boundaries of cell i along one axis as (half-integer index, weight): the centre cell is twice [0, 1/2].\n  const bounds = (i: number): [number, number][] => i === 0 ? [[0, 2]] : [[i, 1], [i - 1, -1]];\n  const cells = new Float64Array(size * size);\n  for (let j = 0; j < size; j++) for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n    let constant = 0, leak = 0;\n    for (const [a, wa] of bounds(i)) for (const [b, wb] of bounds(j)) {\n      constant += wa * wb;\n      leak += wa * wb * (table[a * size + b]! + table[b * size + a]!);\n    }\n    cells[j * size + i] = constant / 4 - leak / (2 * Math.PI);\n  }\n  return { cells, angularNodes };\n}\n\n/** Frequency-domain cell energies (2.1; see the module comment). Internal. */\nexport function calculateAiryCellEnergiesInFrequencyDomain(beta: number, radius: number, scale = 1): { cells: Float64Array; radialNodes: number; angularNodes: number } {\n  // Bandwidth of the angular and radial integrands: c = π·β·(2R + 1)·√2 (the sinc factors and the highest cosine).\n  const c = Math.PI * beta * (2 * radius + 1) * Math.SQRT2, margin = 10 * Math.cbrt(c) + 24;\n  const quarter = Math.ceil(scale * (c + margin) / 4), radialNodes = Math.ceil(scale * (c + margin));\n  const { nodes, weights } = gaussLegendre(radialNodes), size = radius + 1, cells = new Float64Array(size * size);\n  const ca = new Float64Array(size), cb = new Float64Array(size), angularStep = (Math.PI / 2) / quarter;\n  // cos θ and sin θ of every angular node, computed once with the same expressions as inside the loop (same values).\n  const cosines = new Float64Array(quarter + 1), sines = new Float64Array(quarter + 1);\n  for (let k = 0; k <= quarter; k++) { const theta = k * angularStep; cosines[k] = Math.cos(theta); sines[k] = Math.sin(theta); }\n  for (let r = 0; r < radialNodes; r++) {\n    const t = nodes[r]!, rho = 1 - t * t;\n    // H(1 − t²) without cancellation: acos(1 − t²) = 2·asin(t/√2), ρ·√(1 − ρ²) = ρ·t·√(2 − t²).\n    const otf = (2 / Math.PI) * (2 * Math.asin(t / Math.SQRT2) - rho * t * Math.sqrt(2 - t * t));\n    // ∫₀¹ g(ρ) dρ = ∫₀¹ g(1 − t²)·2t dt; the 4 is the four symmetric quadrants of the angular trapezoid.\n    const radialWeight = weights[r]! * 2 * t * rho * otf * 4 * angularStep;\n    for (let k = 0; k <= quarter; k++) {\n      const x = beta * rho * cosines[k]!, y = beta * rho * sines[k]!;\n      const w = radialWeight * (k === 0 || k === quarter ? 0.5 : 1) * sinc(x) * sinc(y);\n      // cos(2π·i·x) and cos(2π·j·y) by the Chebyshev recurrence.\n      const cx = Math.cos(2 * Math.PI * x), cy = Math.cos(2 * Math.PI * y);\n      ca[0] = 1; cb[0] = 1;\n      if (size > 1) { ca[1] = cx; cb[1] = cy; }\n      for (let i = 2; i < size; i++) { ca[i] = 2 * cx * ca[i - 1]! - ca[i - 2]!; cb[i] = 2 * cy * cb[i - 1]! - cb[i - 2]!; }\n      for (let j = 0; j < size; j++) {\n        const wj = w * cb[j]!;\n        for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) { const o = j * size + i; cells[o] = cells[o]! + wj * ca[i]!; }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  const area = beta * beta;\n  for (let i = 0; i < cells.length; i++) cells[i] = cells[i]! * area;\n  return { cells, radialNodes, angularNodes: 4 * quarter };\n}\n\n/**\n * Creates a sampled lens PSF profile for an ideal diffraction-limited lens with a circular pupil: one\n * unit-sum Airy kernel per wavelength on one shared (2R+1)² grid, with the truncated energy reported per\n * wavelength. The profile declares the given focal length, f-number and focus exactly, and the field axes\n * ±`fieldHalfExtentMm` with the same kernel at every field node.\n * @param input - See `CreateDiffractionLimitedPsfProfileInput`.\n * @returns The profile and its diffraction record. An approximation; not a measured lens.\n * @see docs/PSF_FOUNDATION.md, \"Diffraction-limited sampled profile (2.1)\".\n */\nexport function createDiffractionLimitedPsfProfile(input: CreateDiffractionLimitedPsfProfileInput): CalculationResult<DiffractionLimitedPsfProfile> {\n  const r = requireAllowlistedRecord(input, [\"aperture\", \"focalLengthMm\", \"apertureFNumber\", \"focus\", \"wavelengthsNm\", \"samplePitchMicrometers\",\n    \"kernelRadiusSamples\", \"fieldHalfExtentMm\", \"profileId\"], \"Invalid diffraction-limited PSF profile input.\");\n  if (r.aperture !== \"circular\") throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"aperture must be \\\"circular\\\".\");\n  const focalLengthMm = positive(r.focalLengthMm, \"focalLengthMm\"), fNumber = positive(r.apertureFNumber, \"apertureFNumber\");\n  const pitch = positive(r.samplePitchMicrometers, \"samplePitchMicrometers\");\n  const L = DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_LIMITS;\n  const radius = r.kernelRadiusSamples;\n  if (typeof radius !== \"number\" || !Number.isSafeInteger(radius) || radius < 0 || radius > L.maximumKernelRadiusSamples) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"kernelRadiusSamples must be an integer from 0 to \" + L.maximumKernelRadiusSamples + \".\");\n  }\n  const focus = requireAllowlistedRecord(r.focus, [\"kind\", \"distanceM\"], \"Invalid focus.\");\n  let focusDiopters: number, distanceMm: number;\n  if (focus.kind === \"infinity\") {\n    if (focus.distanceM !== undefined) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"An infinity focus has no distanceM.\");\n    focusDiopters = 0; distanceMm = focalLengthMm;\n  } else if (focus.kind === \"finite\") {\n    const distanceM = positive(focus.distanceM, \"focus.distanceM\");\n    focusDiopters = 1 / distanceM;\n    distanceMm = calculateThinLensImageDistance({ focalLengthMm, objectDistanceM: distanceM }).value.imageDistanceMm;\n  } else throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"focus.kind must be finite or infinity.\");\n  const field = requireAllowlistedRecord(r.fieldHalfExtentMm, [\"x\", \"y\"], \"Invalid fieldHalfExtentMm.\");\n  const fieldX = positive(field.x, \"fieldHalfExtentMm.x\"), fieldY = positive(field.y, \"fieldHalfExtentMm.y\");\n  const list = r.wavelengthsNm;\n  if (!Array.isArray(list) || list.length < 1 || list.length > L.maximumWavelengths) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"wavelengthsNm must list 1 to 64 wavelengths.\");\n  const wavelengths = (list as unknown[]).map((value, index) => positive(value, \"wavelengthsNm[\" + index + \"]\"));\n  for (let i = 1; i < wavelengths.length; i++) if (!(wavelengths[i]! > wavelengths[i - 1]!)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"wavelengthsNm must be strictly increasing.\");\n  if (typeof r.profileId !== \"string\" || !/^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9._:-]{0,127}$/.test(r.profileId)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"profileId must be a public opaque ID.\");\n\n  const pupilDiameterMm = focalLengthMm / fNumber, workingFNumber = distanceMm / pupilDiameterMm, size = 2 * radius + 1;\n  let maximumRadialNodes = 0, maximumAngularNodes = 0, maximumTruncated = 0;\n  const records: DiffractionLimitedPsfWavelength[] = [], kernels: number[][] = [], realSpaceWavelengthsNm: number[] = [];\n  for (const nm of wavelengths) {\n    const lambdaN = nm / 1000 * workingFNumber, cutoff = 1 / lambdaN;\n    const airy = calculateAiryCellEnergies(pitch * cutoff, radius);\n    if (airy.realSpace) realSpaceWavelengthsNm.push(nm);\n    maximumRadialNodes = Math.max(maximumRadialNodes, airy.radialNodes); maximumAngularNodes = Math.max(maximumAngularNodes, airy.angularNodes);\n    const values: number[] = new Array(size * size);\n    let captured = 0;\n    for (let ky = 0; ky < size; ky++) for (let kx = 0; kx < size; kx++) {\n      const value = airy.cells[Math.abs(ky - radius) * (radius + 1) + Math.abs(kx - radius)]!;\n      // Every cell energy of a non-negative PSF is positive; a negative value would be a quadrature failure.\n      if (!(value > -1e-13)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Diffraction cell integration failed to converge.\");\n      values[ky * size + kx] = Math.max(0, value);\n      captured += values[ky * size + kx]!;\n    }\n    if (!(captured > 0 && captured <= 1 + 1e-9)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Diffraction cell integration failed to converge.\");\n    const truncated = Math.max(0, 1 - captured);\n    maximumTruncated = Math.max(maximumTruncated, truncated);\n    const kernel = values.map((v) => v / captured);\n    kernels.push(kernel);\n    records.push({ wavelengthNm: nm, cutoffFrequencyCyclesPerMicrometer: cutoff, firstZeroRadiusMicrometers: AIRY_FIRST_ZERO_PER_LAMBDA_N * lambdaN,\n      capturedEnergyFraction: captured, truncatedEnergyFraction: truncated, centreSampleFraction: kernel[radius * size + radius]! });\n  }\n  const uncertainty = { kind: \"not-quantified\" as const, limitation: \"Ideal diffraction-limited model; no measured lens or quadrature error bound.\" };\n  const nodes = [-fieldX, fieldX].flatMap((fx) => [-fieldY, fieldY].flatMap((fy) => wavelengths.map((nm, index) => ({\n    nodeId: \"airy-\" + (fx < 0 ? \"xm\" : \"xp\") + \"-\" + (fy < 0 ? \"ym\" : \"yp\") + \"-\" + index,\n    coordinate: { focalLengthMm, focusDiopters, apertureFNumber: fNumber, fieldXmm: fx, fieldYmm: fy, wavelengthNm: nm, signedDefocusImagePlaneMicrometers: 0 },\n    kernel: { widthSamples: size, heightSamples: size, samplePitchMicrometersX: pitch, samplePitchMicrometersY: pitch, centerSampleX: radius, centerSampleY: radius,\n      normalizedIntensity: kernels[index]! },\n    bestFocusImagePlaneOffsetMicrometers: 0, relativePupilThroughputFactor: 1, evidence: EVIDENCE, uncertainty }))));\n  const profile = parseLensSampledPsfProfile({ schemaVersion: \"0.1.0\", profileId: r.profileId, profileVersion: DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_MODEL.modelVersion,\n    scientificStatus: \"approximation\", opticalDomain: \"lens-primary-optical-path-only\", coordinateSystem: \"image-plane-metric\", fieldAxes: \"+X right, +Y up\",\n    kernelEnergyNormalization: \"unit-energy-shape\", interpolation: \"bounded-regular-grid-multilinear\", throughputOwnership: \"separate-relative-pupil-throughput-factor\",\n    responseIncludes: { diffraction: true, aberration: false, defocus: false, pupilClippingShape: false },\n    sensorOpticalStackIncluded: false, sensorSamplingIncluded: false, reconstructionIncluded: false, strayLightIncluded: false,\n    axes: { focalLengthMm: [focalLengthMm], focusDiopters: [focusDiopters], apertureFNumber: [fNumber], fieldXmm: [-fieldX, fieldX], fieldYmm: [-fieldY, fieldY],\n      wavelengthNm: wavelengths, signedDefocusImagePlaneMicrometers: [0] },\n    nodes, evidence: EVIDENCE, limitations: [...LIMITATIONS] });\n  return approximationResult({ profile, model: DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_MODEL, pupilDiameterMm, pupilToImageDistanceMm: distanceMm, workingFNumber,\n    kernelRadiusSamples: radius, samplePitchMicrometers: pitch, wavelengths: records, maximumTruncatedEnergyFraction: maximumTruncated,\n    quadrature: realSpaceWavelengthsNm.length === 0 ? { method: \"polar-frequency-domain-trapezoid-gauss-legendre\" as const, maximumRadialNodes, maximumAngularNodes } :\n      { method: realSpaceWavelengthsNm.length === wavelengths.length ? \"real-space-encircled-energy-gauss-legendre\" as const : \"frequency-domain-and-real-space\" as const,\n        maximumRadialNodes, maximumAngularNodes, realSpaceWavelengthsNm } },\n  DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_MODEL.modelId, DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_MODEL.modelVersion, [...LIMITATIONS]);\n}\n"]}
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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Builds a `LensSampledPsfProfile` for an ideal, aberration-free, in-focus lens with a uniformly lit\n * circular pupil: the Airy pattern of scalar Fraunhofer diffraction, one unit-sum kernel per declared\n * wavelength on ONE shared sample grid (2.1.0).\n *\n * **Model.** The pupil diameter is D = f/N (entrance pupil = exit pupil, unity pupil magnification) and\n * the pupil-to-image distance z is the thin-lens image distance for the focus (f at infinity), so the\n * image-side (working) f-number is N_w = z/D. The incoherent optical transfer function (OTF) of a\n * uniform circular pupil is the normalized autocorrelation of the pupil,\n *   H(ρ) = (2/π)·(acos ρ − ρ·√(1 − ρ²)),  ρ = |f|/f_c ≤ 1,  f_c = 1/(λ·N_w),\n * and the intensity PSF is its inverse Fourier transform (the Airy pattern, first zero at 1.21967·λ·N_w)\n * (MIT OpenCourseWare 2.71 Optics, Spring 2009, lectures 21–22, free: the intensity PSF as the transform of\n * the pupil autocorrelation and the circular-pupil MTF; also see: Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics,\n * 4th ed., 2017, §7.3).\n *\n * **Cell integration (exact, no Bessel functions).** Kernel sample (i, j) is the PSF energy inside the\n * square cell of side p centred on (i·p, j·p). The cell integral is the PSF convolved with the cell's\n * indicator, evaluated at the cell centre, so in the frequency domain\n *   K(i, j) = p² ∫∫ H(|f|/f_c)·sinc(p·f_x)·sinc(p·f_y)·cos(2π·p·i·f_x)·cos(2π·p·j·f_y) d²f,\n * with sinc(x) = sin(πx)/(πx) (the sine terms vanish because H is even). It is evaluated in polar\n * coordinates: a trapezoid rule in angle (exponentially convergent for this smooth periodic integrand) and\n * Gauss–Legendre in t with ρ = 1 − t², which removes the (1 − ρ)^{3/2} edge behaviour of H. The node counts\n * follow from the integrand's bandwidth with a fixed margin; the tests check convergence by doubling them and\n * check the values against an independent real-space integration of `calculateIdealPolygonDiffractionPsf` in\n * its many-blade (circular) limit. The sum of all cells is exactly 1 (Parseval), so the energy captured by\n * the finite kernel is Σ K over its window and the truncated energy is 1 − Σ K.\n *\n * **Cells much larger than the pattern (2.5; threshold lowered to β = 32 after 2.8.1).** The frequency-domain node counts grow with β = p·f_c (the\n * cell side over the cut-off period), so the work grows as β². From β ≥ `AIRY_REAL_SPACE_MINIMUM_BETA` (32) the cells are\n * integrated in real space instead, with the same model and no frequency integral: the Airy encircled energy is\n * EE(r) = 1 − J₀(x)² − J₁(x)², x = π·r·f_c (it follows from J₀′ = −J₁ and J₁′ = J₀ − J₁/x, DLMF §10.6(i), free), so\n * the energy of the rectangle [0, X] × [0, Y] is (1/2π)∫ EE(r_edge(θ)) dθ over its quadrant, a one-dimensional\n * integral in θ. Every cell is a signed sum of such rectangles. J₀² + J₁² comes from the Hankel asymptotic expansion\n * (DLMF §10.17(i), eq. 10.17.3, free) from x = 300, with eight terms in each of P and Q (remainder under 1e-17,\n * DLMF §10.17(iii)), and below it from Miller's backward recurrence normalized by J₀ + 2ΣJ₂ₖ = 1 (DLMF §3.6(iii),\n * 10.12.4, free). The θ integral uses 16-point Gauss–Legendre panels on which the phase 2x changes by at most\n * 2 radians, so the work grows only as β. The tests check the two methods against each other from β = 32 to 400, the\n * real-space cells against the asymptotic leakage 8√2/(π³·β) of the centre cell, and convergence under doubled panel\n * counts. The threshold was 192 in 2.5; it moved to 32 because from there the real-space cells agree with the frequency-domain cells\n * within about 1e-12 and cost a few to a few hundred times less (a 750 µm whole-frame cell at f/8 took 3.4 s for 20\n * wavelengths). Every β a native pitch up to 10 µm reaches (at most 10/(0.38·1.4) ≈ 19) stays in the frequency domain,\n * so captures at sensor pitch are unchanged; larger cells (binned and whole-frame views) change in the last bits only.\n *\n * **Reuse (2.6).** The cells depend only on (β, R) (and the test-only node scale), so `calculateAiryCellEnergies` keeps the\n * 800 most recently used results (256 before 2.15.0; 800 holds two whole 400-node grids) and returns copies: tiles of one frame rendered in the same worker, and captures that\n * change only the exposure, ISO, scene or output, reuse the kernels instead of integrating them again. The frequency-domain\n * loop also takes cos θ and sin θ from a per-call table computed with the same expressions, so the values are unchanged.\n *\n * **Truncation and normalization.** The kernel is the (2R+1)² window of cells. The Airy tails fall only as\n * r⁻³, so a finite window always misses some energy: it is reported per wavelength, and the window is then\n * renormalized to unit sum because the sampled-profile contract requires unit-energy kernels. The missing\n * tail energy is thereby put back inside the window (an approximation that slightly raises low-frequency\n * contrast compared with the untruncated pattern).\n *\n * **Approximations (labelled):** scalar (no polarization), aberration-free, uniform pupil amplitude, exactly in\n * focus (no defocus), thin lens with unity pupil magnification, the on-axis PSF used across the declared field\n * (isoplanatic), PSF energy binned into the sample cells, finite window renormalized. Not a measured lens.\n * @see docs/PSF_FOUNDATION.md, \"Diffraction-limited sampled profile (2.1)\".\n */\n\nimport { approximationResult, type CalculationResult } from \"../core/calculation-result.js\";\nimport { InvalidConfigurationError } from \"../core/configuration-error.js\";\nimport { requireAllowlistedRecord } from \"../core/record-validation.js\";\nimport type { EvidenceProvenance } from \"../core/evidence-provenance.js\";\nimport type { FocusPlane } from \"./focus-state.js\";\nimport { calculateThinLensImageDistance } from \"./thin-lens.js\";\nimport { parseLensSampledPsfProfile, type LensSampledPsfProfile } from \"./lens-psf-profile.js\";\n\nexport const DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_MODEL = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({\n  modelId: \"photivra-diffraction-limited-circular-pupil-psf\" as const, modelVersion: \"1.0.0\" as const });\n/**\n * Input limits: at most 400 wavelengths, kernel radius 0–32 samples (the irradiance-convolution limit). 400 is the finest spectral\n * sampling of `simulateCapture` and the display view (`sensor.spectralStepNanometers` 1 nm over 380–780 nm), so `lens.diffraction`\n * builds one exact kernel per spectral node at every allowed step; it was 64 before 2.15.0, which refused every step under 6.25 nm.\n * The work and memory are linear in the count (measured in docs/PSF_FOUNDATION.md, \"Spectral nodes\").\n */\nexport const DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_LIMITS = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ maximumWavelengths: 400, maximumKernelRadiusSamples: 32 });\n/**\n * Internal: β = p·f_c (cell side over the cut-off period) from which `calculateAiryCellEnergies` integrates the cells in\n * real space (2.5). Above every β of a `simulateCapture` pitch up to 100 µm, whose captures keep the frequency-domain values.\n */\nexport const AIRY_REAL_SPACE_MINIMUM_BETA = 32;\n/** Radius of the first dark ring of the Airy pattern in units of λ·N_w: j₁,₁/π, j₁,₁ = 3.8317059702 (first zero of J₁). */\nconst AIRY_FIRST_ZERO_PER_LAMBDA_N = 3.8317059702075125 / Math.PI;\n\nexport interface CreateDiffractionLimitedPsfProfileInput {\n  /** Only `circular` in 2.1.0 (polygon pupils: `calculateIdealPolygonDiffractionPsf` gives point densities). */\n  aperture: \"circular\";\n  focalLengthMm: number;\n  apertureFNumber: number;\n  focus: FocusPlane;\n  /** Strictly increasing wavelengths, nm, in the medium of propagation (no air/vacuum conversion is applied). 1–400. */\n  wavelengthsNm: readonly number[];\n  /** Square sample pitch of every kernel, µm. */\n  samplePitchMicrometers: number;\n  /** Kernel half-width in samples; each kernel is (2R + 1)². 0–32. */\n  kernelRadiusSamples: number;\n  /** Half-extent of the image field over which the on-axis PSF is declared (profile field axes ±x, ±y), mm. */\n  fieldHalfExtentMm: { x: number; y: number };\n  profileId: string;\n}\n\nexport interface DiffractionLimitedPsfWavelength {\n  wavelengthNm: number;\n  /** f_c = 1/(λ·N_w), cycles per µm. */\n  cutoffFrequencyCyclesPerMicrometer: number;\n  /** 1.21967·λ·N_w, µm. */\n  firstZeroRadiusMicrometers: number;\n  /** Σ of the cell energies inside the window before renormalization (of a total of 1). */\n  capturedEnergyFraction: number;\n  /** 1 − capturedEnergyFraction: the Airy tail energy outside the window, put back by renormalization. */\n  truncatedEnergyFraction: number;\n  /** Fraction of the renormalized kernel in the centre sample. */\n  centreSampleFraction: number;\n}\n\nexport interface DiffractionLimitedPsfProfile {\n  profile: LensSampledPsfProfile;\n  model: typeof DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_MODEL;\n  pupilDiameterMm: number;\n  pupilToImageDistanceMm: number;\n  workingFNumber: number;\n  kernelRadiusSamples: number;\n  samplePitchMicrometers: number;\n  wavelengths: readonly DiffractionLimitedPsfWavelength[];\n  /** Largest truncated energy over the wavelengths. */\n  maximumTruncatedEnergyFraction: number;\n  /**\n   * How the cells were integrated. 2.5: wavelengths with β = p·f_c ≥ `AIRY_REAL_SPACE_MINIMUM_BETA` (192 in 2.5–2.8.1, then 32) use the real-space\n   * encircled-energy method; `realSpaceWavelengthsNm` lists them, and `method` is `\"frequency-domain-and-real-space\"` when both ran.\n   * `maximumRadialNodes` counts frequency-domain radial nodes (0 when only the real-space method ran); `maximumAngularNodes` the\n   * angular nodes of either method (for the real-space method, all θ nodes of one wavelength).\n   */\n  quadrature: { method: \"polar-frequency-domain-trapezoid-gauss-legendre\" | \"real-space-encircled-energy-gauss-legendre\" | \"frequency-domain-and-real-space\";\n    maximumRadialNodes: number; maximumAngularNodes: number; realSpaceWavelengthsNm?: readonly number[] };\n}\n\nconst EVIDENCE: readonly EvidenceProvenance[] = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze([/* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ sourceOrigin: \"photivra\" as const,\n  sourceReference: \"photivra:diffraction-limited-psf-profile\", reuseStatus: \"photivra-owned\" as const })]);\nconst LIMITATIONS = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze([\n  \"Scalar Fraunhofer diffraction of an ideal, uniformly lit circular pupil (Airy pattern); no aberration, apodization, polarization or stray light.\",\n  \"Exactly in focus: no defocus or depth of field. Thin lens with unity pupil magnification; the pupil-to-image distance is the thin-lens image distance.\",\n  \"The on-axis PSF is declared unchanged across the field (isoplanatic); no field-dependent aberration or pupil clipping.\",\n  \"PSF energy is binned into square sample cells; the finite window misses the Airy tail energy listed per wavelength and is renormalized to unit sum.\",\n  \"Wavelengths are used as given, in the declared basis, without air/vacuum conversion.\"\n]);\n\nfunction positive(value: unknown, name: string): number {\n  if (typeof value !== \"number\" || !Number.isFinite(value) || value <= 0) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(name + \" must be a positive finite number.\");\n  return value;\n}\n\n/** Gauss–Legendre nodes and weights on [0, 1] (Newton iteration on Pₙ; DLMF §3.5(v)). Cached per n. */\nconst GAUSS_LEGENDRE = new Map<number, { nodes: Float64Array; weights: Float64Array }>();\nfunction gaussLegendre(n: number): { nodes: Float64Array; weights: Float64Array } {\n  const cached = GAUSS_LEGENDRE.get(n);\n  if (cached) return cached;\n  const nodes = new Float64Array(n), weights = new Float64Array(n);\n  for (let k = 0; k < Math.ceil(n / 2); k++) {\n    let x = Math.cos(Math.PI * (k + 0.75) / (n + 0.5));\n    for (let iteration = 0; iteration < 100; iteration++) {\n      let p0 = 1, p1 = x;\n      for (let m = 2; m <= n; m++) { const p2 = ((2 * m - 1) * x * p1 - (m - 1) * p0) / m; p0 = p1; p1 = p2; }\n      const step = p1 / (n * (x * p1 - p0) / (x * x - 1));\n      x -= step;\n      if (Math.abs(step) < 1e-16) break;\n    }\n    let p0 = 1, p1 = x;\n    for (let m = 2; m <= n; m++) { const p2 = ((2 * m - 1) * x * p1 - (m - 1) * p0) / m; p0 = p1; p1 = p2; }\n    const derivative = n * (x * p1 - p0) / (x * x - 1);\n    const w = 1 / ((1 - x * x) * derivative * derivative);\n    // Map [-1, 1] to [0, 1]: t = (1 ± x)/2, weight w (2/(1-x²)P'² halved).\n    nodes[k] = (1 - x) / 2; weights[k] = w;\n    nodes[n - 1 - k] = (1 + x) / 2; weights[n - 1 - k] = w;\n  }\n  const result = { nodes, weights };\n  if (GAUSS_LEGENDRE.size < 64) GAUSS_LEGENDRE.set(n, result);\n  return result;\n}\nfunction sinc(x: number): number {\n  if (x === 0) return 1;\n  const a = Math.PI * x;\n  return Math.sin(a) / a;\n}\n\n/**\n * Cell energies K(i, j), 0 ≤ i, j ≤ R, of the Airy pattern for β = p·f_c (cell side in units of the cut-off\n * period): in the frequency domain below `AIRY_REAL_SPACE_MINIMUM_BETA`, in real space from it (2.5). `scale`\n * multiplies the node or panel counts (1 in production; the tests use 2 to check convergence).\n */\nexport function calculateAiryCellEnergies(beta: number, radius: number, scale = 1): { cells: Float64Array; radialNodes: number; angularNodes: number; realSpace: boolean } {\n  // 2.6: a pure function of (β, R, scale), so results are memoized (most recently used first) and handed out as copies.\n  // Tiles of one frame, and captures that change only the exposure or the scene, rebuild the same kernels.\n  const key = beta + \"|\" + radius + \"|\" + scale, cached = AIRY_CELL_CACHE.get(key);\n  if (cached) {\n    AIRY_CELL_CACHE.delete(key); AIRY_CELL_CACHE.set(key, cached);\n    return { ...cached, cells: cached.cells.slice() };\n  }\n  const result = beta >= AIRY_REAL_SPACE_MINIMUM_BETA ? { ...calculateAiryCellEnergiesInRealSpace(beta, radius, scale), radialNodes: 0, realSpace: true } :\n    { ...calculateAiryCellEnergiesInFrequencyDomain(beta, radius, scale), realSpace: false };\n  AIRY_CELL_CACHE.set(key, { ...result, cells: result.cells.slice() });\n  if (AIRY_CELL_CACHE.size > AIRY_CELL_CACHE_ENTRIES) AIRY_CELL_CACHE.delete(AIRY_CELL_CACHE.keys().next().value!);\n  return result;\n}\n/**\n * Memoized cell energies (2.6): 800 entries of (R + 1)² values, at most 800 × 33² × 8 bytes ≈ 7.0 MB. 2.15.0: 800 (was 256), so the\n * least-recently-used order still reuses a whole grid of the finest spectral sampling (400 nodes), which 256 entries never did.\n */\nconst AIRY_CELL_CACHE_ENTRIES = 800;\nconst AIRY_CELL_CACHE = new Map<string, { cells: Float64Array; radialNodes: number; angularNodes: number; realSpace: boolean }>();\n\n/** Hankel asymptotic coefficients a_k(ν) of DLMF 10.17.1 for ν = 0 and 1, k = 0..15. */\nconst HANKEL = ((): { a0: Float64Array; a1: Float64Array } => {\n  const a0 = new Float64Array(16), a1 = new Float64Array(16);\n  a0[0] = 1; a1[0] = 1;\n  for (let k = 1; k < 16; k++) {\n    const odd = (2 * k - 1) * (2 * k - 1);\n    a0[k] = a0[k - 1]! * (0 - odd) / (8 * k);\n    a1[k] = a1[k - 1]! * (4 - odd) / (8 * k);\n  }\n  return { a0, a1 };\n})();\n/** Smallest argument of `besselSquareSum`: there the 16-term expansion's remainder is below 1e-17. */\nconst HANKEL_MINIMUM_ARGUMENT = 300;\n\n/**\n * J₀(x)² + J₁(x)² for x > 0. From x ≥ 300 by the Hankel expansion J_ν(x) = √(2/(πx))·(P_ν cos ω_ν − Q_ν sin ω_ν), ω_ν = x − νπ/2 − π/4,\n * P_ν = Σ(−1)^k a_2k(ν)/x^2k, Q_ν = Σ(−1)^k a_2k+1(ν)/x^2k+1 (DLMF 10.17.3), eight terms each. With ω₁ = ω₀ − π/2,\n * J₁ = √(2/(πx))·(P₁ sin ω₀ + Q₁ cos ω₀). Below 300 by Miller's backward recurrence J_{n−1} = (2n/x)·J_n − J_{n+1} (DLMF 10.6.1;\n * the algorithm, DLMF §3.6(iii)), started at an order above x where J_n is negligible, normalized by J₀ + 2·Σ J_2k = 1\n * (DLMF 10.12.4). Internal.\n */\nexport function besselSquareSum(x: number): number {\n  if (!(x > 0) || !Number.isFinite(x)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"J0 and J1 need a positive finite argument.\");\n  if (x < HANKEL_MINIMUM_ARGUMENT) return besselSquareSumByRecurrence(x);\n  const { a0, a1 } = HANKEL, inverse = 1 / x;\n  let p0 = 0, q0 = 0, p1 = 0, q1 = 0, power = 1;\n  for (let k = 0; k < 16; k++) {\n    const sign = (k >> 1) % 2 === 0 ? 1 : -1;\n    if (k % 2 === 0) { p0 += sign * a0[k]! * power; p1 += sign * a1[k]! * power; } else { q0 += sign * a0[k]! * power; q1 += sign * a1[k]! * power; }\n    power *= inverse;\n  }\n  const omega = x - Math.PI / 4, c = Math.cos(omega), s = Math.sin(omega);\n  const j0 = p0 * c - q0 * s, j1 = p1 * s + q1 * c;\n  return 2 / (Math.PI * x) * (j0 * j0 + j1 * j1);\n}\n/**\n * Miller's backward recurrence for 0 < x < 300 (see `besselSquareSum`). The start order x + 10·∛x + 40 (even) lies far enough in the\n * region where J_n(x) falls faster than exponentially that the start values' error is below double precision at J₀ and J₁; the\n * values are rescaled when they grow large, and normalized before squaring.\n */\nfunction besselSquareSumByRecurrence(x: number): number {\n  const start = 2 * Math.ceil((x + 10 * Math.cbrt(x) + 40) / 2);\n  let next = 0, current = 1e-100, sum = 0, j1 = 0;\n  for (let n = start; n >= 1; n--) {\n    const previous = (2 * n / x) * current - next;\n    next = current; current = previous;\n    if (n - 1 === 1) j1 = current;\n    if (n - 1 > 0 && (n - 1) % 2 === 0) sum += 2 * current;\n    if (Math.abs(current) > 1e100) { current *= 1e-100; next *= 1e-100; sum *= 1e-100; j1 *= 1e-100; }\n  }\n  sum += current;\n  const j0 = current / sum, j1n = j1 / sum;\n  return j0 * j0 + j1n * j1n;\n}\n\n/**\n * Real-space cell energies (2.5): see the module comment. G(Z, φ) = ∫₀^φ [J₀² + J₁²](π·β·Z/cos θ) dθ for cell boundaries at\n * half-integer distances Z (in cells), accumulated along θ for each Z with every needed φ = atan(W/Z) as a panel boundary.\n * The rectangle [0, X] × [0, Y] holds 1/4 − (G(X, atan(Y/X)) + G(Y, atan(X/Y)))/(2π) of the energy. Internal.\n */\nexport function calculateAiryCellEnergiesInRealSpace(beta: number, radius: number, scale = 1): { cells: Float64Array; angularNodes: number } {\n  const size = radius + 1, table = new Float64Array(size * size), { nodes, weights } = gaussLegendre(16);\n  let angularNodes = 0;\n  for (let z = 0; z < size; z++) {\n    const Z = z + 0.5, k = Math.PI * beta * Z;\n    let sum = 0, t0 = 1, theta0 = 0;\n    for (let w = 0; w < size; w++) {\n      // Panels equal in t = 1/cos θ, so the phase 2x = 2kt changes by at most 2 radians on each.\n      const t1 = Math.hypot(Z, w + 0.5) / Z, theta1 = Math.atan2(w + 0.5, Z), panels = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(scale * k * (t1 - t0)));\n      let a = theta0;\n      for (let n = 1; n <= panels; n++) {\n        const b = n === panels ? theta1 : Math.acos(1 / (t0 + (t1 - t0) * n / panels)), h = b - a;\n        let panel = 0;\n        for (let g = 0; g < 16; g++) panel += weights[g]! * besselSquareSum(k / Math.cos(a + h * nodes[g]!));\n        sum += panel * h;\n        a = b;\n      }\n      angularNodes += 16 * panels;\n      table[z * size + w] = sum;\n      t0 = t1; theta0 = theta1;\n    }\n  }\n  // Boundaries of cell i along one axis as (half-integer index, weight): the centre cell is twice [0, 1/2].\n  const bounds = (i: number): [number, number][] => i === 0 ? [[0, 2]] : [[i, 1], [i - 1, -1]];\n  const cells = new Float64Array(size * size);\n  for (let j = 0; j < size; j++) for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n    let constant = 0, leak = 0;\n    for (const [a, wa] of bounds(i)) for (const [b, wb] of bounds(j)) {\n      constant += wa * wb;\n      leak += wa * wb * (table[a * size + b]! + table[b * size + a]!);\n    }\n    cells[j * size + i] = constant / 4 - leak / (2 * Math.PI);\n  }\n  return { cells, angularNodes };\n}\n\n/** Frequency-domain cell energies (2.1; see the module comment). Internal. */\nexport function calculateAiryCellEnergiesInFrequencyDomain(beta: number, radius: number, scale = 1): { cells: Float64Array; radialNodes: number; angularNodes: number } {\n  // Bandwidth of the angular and radial integrands: c = π·β·(2R + 1)·√2 (the sinc factors and the highest cosine).\n  const c = Math.PI * beta * (2 * radius + 1) * Math.SQRT2, margin = 10 * Math.cbrt(c) + 24;\n  const quarter = Math.ceil(scale * (c + margin) / 4), radialNodes = Math.ceil(scale * (c + margin));\n  const { nodes, weights } = gaussLegendre(radialNodes), size = radius + 1, cells = new Float64Array(size * size);\n  const ca = new Float64Array(size), cb = new Float64Array(size), angularStep = (Math.PI / 2) / quarter;\n  // cos θ and sin θ of every angular node, computed once with the same expressions as inside the loop (same values).\n  const cosines = new Float64Array(quarter + 1), sines = new Float64Array(quarter + 1);\n  for (let k = 0; k <= quarter; k++) { const theta = k * angularStep; cosines[k] = Math.cos(theta); sines[k] = Math.sin(theta); }\n  for (let r = 0; r < radialNodes; r++) {\n    const t = nodes[r]!, rho = 1 - t * t;\n    // H(1 − t²) without cancellation: acos(1 − t²) = 2·asin(t/√2), ρ·√(1 − ρ²) = ρ·t·√(2 − t²).\n    const otf = (2 / Math.PI) * (2 * Math.asin(t / Math.SQRT2) - rho * t * Math.sqrt(2 - t * t));\n    // ∫₀¹ g(ρ) dρ = ∫₀¹ g(1 − t²)·2t dt; the 4 is the four symmetric quadrants of the angular trapezoid.\n    const radialWeight = weights[r]! * 2 * t * rho * otf * 4 * angularStep;\n    for (let k = 0; k <= quarter; k++) {\n      const x = beta * rho * cosines[k]!, y = beta * rho * sines[k]!;\n      const w = radialWeight * (k === 0 || k === quarter ? 0.5 : 1) * sinc(x) * sinc(y);\n      // cos(2π·i·x) and cos(2π·j·y) by the Chebyshev recurrence.\n      const cx = Math.cos(2 * Math.PI * x), cy = Math.cos(2 * Math.PI * y);\n      ca[0] = 1; cb[0] = 1;\n      if (size > 1) { ca[1] = cx; cb[1] = cy; }\n      for (let i = 2; i < size; i++) { ca[i] = 2 * cx * ca[i - 1]! - ca[i - 2]!; cb[i] = 2 * cy * cb[i - 1]! - cb[i - 2]!; }\n      for (let j = 0; j < size; j++) {\n        const wj = w * cb[j]!;\n        for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) { const o = j * size + i; cells[o] = cells[o]! + wj * ca[i]!; }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  const area = beta * beta;\n  for (let i = 0; i < cells.length; i++) cells[i] = cells[i]! * area;\n  return { cells, radialNodes, angularNodes: 4 * quarter };\n}\n\n/**\n * Creates a sampled lens PSF profile for an ideal diffraction-limited lens with a circular pupil: one\n * unit-sum Airy kernel per wavelength on one shared (2R+1)² grid, with the truncated energy reported per\n * wavelength. The profile declares the given focal length, f-number and focus exactly, and the field axes\n * ±`fieldHalfExtentMm` with the same kernel at every field node.\n * @param input - See `CreateDiffractionLimitedPsfProfileInput`.\n * @returns The profile and its diffraction record. An approximation; not a measured lens.\n * @see docs/PSF_FOUNDATION.md, \"Diffraction-limited sampled profile (2.1)\".\n */\nexport function createDiffractionLimitedPsfProfile(input: CreateDiffractionLimitedPsfProfileInput): CalculationResult<DiffractionLimitedPsfProfile> {\n  const r = requireAllowlistedRecord(input, [\"aperture\", \"focalLengthMm\", \"apertureFNumber\", \"focus\", \"wavelengthsNm\", \"samplePitchMicrometers\",\n    \"kernelRadiusSamples\", \"fieldHalfExtentMm\", \"profileId\"], \"Invalid diffraction-limited PSF profile input.\");\n  if (r.aperture !== \"circular\") throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"aperture must be \\\"circular\\\".\");\n  const focalLengthMm = positive(r.focalLengthMm, \"focalLengthMm\"), fNumber = positive(r.apertureFNumber, \"apertureFNumber\");\n  const pitch = positive(r.samplePitchMicrometers, \"samplePitchMicrometers\");\n  const L = DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_LIMITS;\n  const radius = r.kernelRadiusSamples;\n  if (typeof radius !== \"number\" || !Number.isSafeInteger(radius) || radius < 0 || radius > L.maximumKernelRadiusSamples) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"kernelRadiusSamples must be an integer from 0 to \" + L.maximumKernelRadiusSamples + \".\");\n  }\n  const focus = requireAllowlistedRecord(r.focus, [\"kind\", \"distanceM\"], \"Invalid focus.\");\n  let focusDiopters: number, distanceMm: number;\n  if (focus.kind === \"infinity\") {\n    if (focus.distanceM !== undefined) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"An infinity focus has no distanceM.\");\n    focusDiopters = 0; distanceMm = focalLengthMm;\n  } else if (focus.kind === \"finite\") {\n    const distanceM = positive(focus.distanceM, \"focus.distanceM\");\n    focusDiopters = 1 / distanceM;\n    distanceMm = calculateThinLensImageDistance({ focalLengthMm, objectDistanceM: distanceM }).value.imageDistanceMm;\n  } else throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"focus.kind must be finite or infinity.\");\n  const field = requireAllowlistedRecord(r.fieldHalfExtentMm, [\"x\", \"y\"], \"Invalid fieldHalfExtentMm.\");\n  const fieldX = positive(field.x, \"fieldHalfExtentMm.x\"), fieldY = positive(field.y, \"fieldHalfExtentMm.y\");\n  const list = r.wavelengthsNm;\n  if (!Array.isArray(list) || list.length < 1 || list.length > L.maximumWavelengths) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"wavelengthsNm must list 1 to \" + L.maximumWavelengths + \" wavelengths.\");\n  const wavelengths = (list as unknown[]).map((value, index) => positive(value, \"wavelengthsNm[\" + index + \"]\"));\n  for (let i = 1; i < wavelengths.length; i++) if (!(wavelengths[i]! > wavelengths[i - 1]!)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"wavelengthsNm must be strictly increasing.\");\n  if (typeof r.profileId !== \"string\" || !/^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9._:-]{0,127}$/.test(r.profileId)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"profileId must be a public opaque ID.\");\n\n  const pupilDiameterMm = focalLengthMm / fNumber, workingFNumber = distanceMm / pupilDiameterMm, size = 2 * radius + 1;\n  let maximumRadialNodes = 0, maximumAngularNodes = 0, maximumTruncated = 0;\n  const records: DiffractionLimitedPsfWavelength[] = [], kernels: number[][] = [], realSpaceWavelengthsNm: number[] = [];\n  for (const nm of wavelengths) {\n    const lambdaN = nm / 1000 * workingFNumber, cutoff = 1 / lambdaN;\n    const airy = calculateAiryCellEnergies(pitch * cutoff, radius);\n    if (airy.realSpace) realSpaceWavelengthsNm.push(nm);\n    maximumRadialNodes = Math.max(maximumRadialNodes, airy.radialNodes); maximumAngularNodes = Math.max(maximumAngularNodes, airy.angularNodes);\n    const values: number[] = new Array(size * size);\n    let captured = 0;\n    for (let ky = 0; ky < size; ky++) for (let kx = 0; kx < size; kx++) {\n      const value = airy.cells[Math.abs(ky - radius) * (radius + 1) + Math.abs(kx - radius)]!;\n      // Every cell energy of a non-negative PSF is positive; a negative value would be a quadrature failure.\n      if (!(value > -1e-13)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Diffraction cell integration failed to converge.\");\n      values[ky * size + kx] = Math.max(0, value);\n      captured += values[ky * size + kx]!;\n    }\n    if (!(captured > 0 && captured <= 1 + 1e-9)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Diffraction cell integration failed to converge.\");\n    const truncated = Math.max(0, 1 - captured);\n    maximumTruncated = Math.max(maximumTruncated, truncated);\n    const kernel = values.map((v) => v / captured);\n    kernels.push(kernel);\n    records.push({ wavelengthNm: nm, cutoffFrequencyCyclesPerMicrometer: cutoff, firstZeroRadiusMicrometers: AIRY_FIRST_ZERO_PER_LAMBDA_N * lambdaN,\n      capturedEnergyFraction: captured, truncatedEnergyFraction: truncated, centreSampleFraction: kernel[radius * size + radius]! });\n  }\n  const uncertainty = { kind: \"not-quantified\" as const, limitation: \"Ideal diffraction-limited model; no measured lens or quadrature error bound.\" };\n  const nodes = [-fieldX, fieldX].flatMap((fx) => [-fieldY, fieldY].flatMap((fy) => wavelengths.map((nm, index) => ({\n    nodeId: \"airy-\" + (fx < 0 ? \"xm\" : \"xp\") + \"-\" + (fy < 0 ? \"ym\" : \"yp\") + \"-\" + index,\n    coordinate: { focalLengthMm, focusDiopters, apertureFNumber: fNumber, fieldXmm: fx, fieldYmm: fy, wavelengthNm: nm, signedDefocusImagePlaneMicrometers: 0 },\n    kernel: { widthSamples: size, heightSamples: size, samplePitchMicrometersX: pitch, samplePitchMicrometersY: pitch, centerSampleX: radius, centerSampleY: radius,\n      normalizedIntensity: kernels[index]! },\n    bestFocusImagePlaneOffsetMicrometers: 0, relativePupilThroughputFactor: 1, evidence: EVIDENCE, uncertainty }))));\n  const profile = parseLensSampledPsfProfile({ schemaVersion: \"0.1.0\", profileId: r.profileId, profileVersion: DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_MODEL.modelVersion,\n    scientificStatus: \"approximation\", opticalDomain: \"lens-primary-optical-path-only\", coordinateSystem: \"image-plane-metric\", fieldAxes: \"+X right, +Y up\",\n    kernelEnergyNormalization: \"unit-energy-shape\", interpolation: \"bounded-regular-grid-multilinear\", throughputOwnership: \"separate-relative-pupil-throughput-factor\",\n    responseIncludes: { diffraction: true, aberration: false, defocus: false, pupilClippingShape: false },\n    sensorOpticalStackIncluded: false, sensorSamplingIncluded: false, reconstructionIncluded: false, strayLightIncluded: false,\n    axes: { focalLengthMm: [focalLengthMm], focusDiopters: [focusDiopters], apertureFNumber: [fNumber], fieldXmm: [-fieldX, fieldX], fieldYmm: [-fieldY, fieldY],\n      wavelengthNm: wavelengths, signedDefocusImagePlaneMicrometers: [0] },\n    nodes, evidence: EVIDENCE, limitations: [...LIMITATIONS] });\n  return approximationResult({ profile, model: DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_MODEL, pupilDiameterMm, pupilToImageDistanceMm: distanceMm, workingFNumber,\n    kernelRadiusSamples: radius, samplePitchMicrometers: pitch, wavelengths: records, maximumTruncatedEnergyFraction: maximumTruncated,\n    quadrature: realSpaceWavelengthsNm.length === 0 ? { method: \"polar-frequency-domain-trapezoid-gauss-legendre\" as const, maximumRadialNodes, maximumAngularNodes } :\n      { method: realSpaceWavelengthsNm.length === wavelengths.length ? \"real-space-encircled-energy-gauss-legendre\" as const : \"frequency-domain-and-real-space\" as const,\n        maximumRadialNodes, maximumAngularNodes, realSpaceWavelengthsNm } },\n  DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_MODEL.modelId, DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_MODEL.modelVersion, [...LIMITATIONS]);\n}\n"]}

package/dist/optics/lens-psf-kernels.d.ts

@@ -30,8 +30,11 @@
 import { type CalculationResult } from "../core/calculation-result.js";
 import { type ResolveLensSampledPsfInput } from "./lens-psf-profile.js";
 export declare const LENS_PSF_CONVOLUTION_KERNELS_SCHEMA_VERSION: "0.1.0";
-/** At most this many wavelengths per call. */
-export declare const LENS_PSF_CONVOLUTION_KERNELS_MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTHS = 64;
+/**
+ * At most this many wavelengths per call: 400, the finest spectral sampling of `simulateCapture` (1 nm over 380–780 nm),
+ * as `DIFFRACTION_LIMITED_PSF_PROFILE_LIMITS.maximumWavelengths` (64 before 2.15.0). The work is linear in the count.
+ */
+export declare const LENS_PSF_CONVOLUTION_KERNELS_MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTHS = 400;
 export interface LensPsfConvolutionKernelsInput {
     schemaVersion: typeof LENS_PSF_CONVOLUTION_KERNELS_SCHEMA_VERSION;
     /** The optical state, as for `resolveLensSampledPsf`, without the field point and wavelength. */
@@ -89,3 +92,11 @@ export interface LensPsfConvolutionKernels {
  * @see docs/WEBGPU.md, "Kernels from a lens PSF profile".
  */
 export declare function resolveLensPsfConvolutionKernels(input: LensPsfConvolutionKernelsInput): CalculationResult<LensPsfConvolutionKernels>;
+/**
+ * Internal (not exported from the package): `resolveLensPsfConvolutionKernels` with `ownedProfile` used in place of a fresh
+ * private clone of `input.psf.profile`. `ownedProfile` must be a structured clone of that profile that no caller code can
+ * reach, already passed to `markEngineOwnedLensSampledPsfProfile`; repeated calls then share one parse (the clone is frozen
+ * and its parse cached on the first resolve), so N one-wavelength calls cost O(N) instead of O(N²) (2.15.0).
+ * The values are the same: the public function parses its own clone the same way.
+ */
+export declare function resolveLensPsfConvolutionKernelsWithOwnedProfile(input: LensPsfConvolutionKernelsInput, ownedProfile: object): CalculationResult<LensPsfConvolutionKernels>;