@photivra/engine 2.11.1 → 2.13.0

package/dist/facade/diffraction-provider.js

@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
  * So E(q, λ) = T·B(q, λ) with B = K_λ ⊛ L sampled on that lattice: the same sum, in a different floating-point
  * order. B is computed once per spectral node with the engine's isoplanatic convolution
  * (`calculateIrradianceConvolution`, kernels from `resolveLensPsfConvolutionKernels`, exact site sampling) over a
- * grid that holds every source (the native raster plus the kernel radius on each side), in row bands. The
+ * grid that holds every source (the native raster plus the kernel radius on each side), in row bands; each band gathers only
+ * its own values, the grid's interior (#419, `createIrradianceConvolutionInteriorRunner`: each value bit-identical to
+ * `calculateIrradianceConvolution`'s there, without the 2R rows and columns of the band's grid that no query reads). The
  * provider then answers each site-centre query with B instead of L, and the environment request declares no
  * PSF. Incoherent imaging is a linear superposition of intensity PSFs, so convolving radiance on the object
  * plane and convolving irradiance on the image plane agree for a planar object and a space-invariant PSF
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@
  * plus the largest offset on each side) are convolved, over a grid that adds the kernel radius on each side. Every
  * output value is the same gather as in the whole render: the grid always holds every tap of every value it keeps
  * (real scene radiance out to the kernel radius, never a truncated edge), the single kernel patch does not depend on
- * the grid's origin, and `convolveIrradianceRows` sums each value in a fixed tap order (v outer, u inner). Narrowing
+ * the grid's origin, and the gather (`convolveIrradianceRows`, and its interior form) sums each value in a fixed tap order (v outer, u inner). Narrowing
  * the grid therefore removes only values that no query reads, and the kept values are bit-identical.
  *
  * A query that does not land on one of the lattices (within 1e-6 site) is refused rather than approximated: the
@@ -43,12 +45,12 @@
  * passes `siteKernels` instead (the geometric defocus disc, or each node's diffraction kernel convolved with it). Their radius
  * may exceed the public 32-site convolution limit, so this path does not call `calculateIrradianceConvolution`: it checks the
  * samples and the kernel sums as that function does and gathers only the band's own values (`gatherInterior`), each summed
- * over the taps in the same fixed order (v outer, u inner, ascending; zero taps skipped, which adds exact zeros only). It
- * does not compute the 2R grid rows above and below a band that `calculateIrradianceConvolution` would also return (#419).
+ * over the taps in the same fixed order (v outer, u inner, ascending; zero taps skipped, which adds exact zeros only). Like
+ * the diffraction path (#419), it does not compute the 2R grid rows and columns around a band.
  */
 import { InvalidConfigurationError } from "../core/configuration-error.js";
 import { isInternalSceneRadianceEvaluator, markInternalSceneRadianceEvaluator, registerInternalRadianceAccess } from "../core/internal-radiance-evaluator.js";
-import { createIrradianceConvolutionRunner } from "../optics/irradiance-convolution.js";
+import { createIrradianceConvolutionInteriorRunner } from "../optics/irradiance-convolution.js";
 import { siteDiffractionKernel } from "../optics/site-diffraction-kernel.js";
 /** Rows of native sites per convolution band, and the bands kept. Banding changes memory only, never values. */
 const BAND_ROWS = 32;
@@ -99,9 +101,10 @@ export function createDiffractedPlanarProvider(input) {
         }
         const started = input.onConvolution ? now() : 0;
         const y0 = ly0 + b * BAND_ROWS, rows = Math.min(BAND_ROWS, ly1 - y0), gridHeight = rows + 2 * R, size = gridWidth * gridHeight;
-        // #453: the band's shifts × spectral nodes convolutions share one geometry, validated once (the first runs the full
-        // calculateIrradianceConvolution; every later one still checks its samples and kernel).
-        const convolve = siteKernels ? undefined : createIrradianceConvolutionRunner({ schemaVersion: "0.1.0", width: gridWidth, height: gridHeight, kernelRadius: R,
+        // #453: the band's shifts × spectral nodes convolutions share one geometry, validated once (the first with every check of
+        // calculateIrradianceConvolution; every later one still checks its samples and kernel). #419: only the band's own rows × NW
+        // values are gathered (the grid's interior), each bit-identical to calculateIrradianceConvolution's value there.
+        const convolve = siteKernels ? undefined : createIrradianceConvolutionInteriorRunner({ schemaVersion: "0.1.0", width: gridWidth, height: gridHeight, kernelRadius: R,
             patchWidth: gridWidth, patchHeight: gridHeight, boundary: "zero-outside-grid" });
         const values = shifts.map((shift) => {
             // The plane point of lattice grid sample (gx, gy) of this shift, the same expressions for both fills below.
@@ -142,11 +145,7 @@ export function createDiffractedPlanarProvider(input) {
                 }
                 if (!convolve)
                     return gatherInterior(samples, taps[w], gridWidth, NW, rows, R);
-                const blurred = convolve(samples, kernels[w]);
-                const out = new Float64Array(NW * rows);
-                for (let y = 0; y < rows; y++)
-                    out.set(blurred.subarray((y + R) * gridWidth + R, (y + R) * gridWidth + R + NW), y * NW);
-                return out;
+                return convolve(samples, kernels[w]);
             });
         });
         bands.set(b, values);

package/dist/facade/diffraction-provider.js.map

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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Fast execution of `simulateCapture`'s `lens.diffraction` (2.1): an object-space convolution in the scene\n * provider, instead of one scene query per PSF tap in the environment PSF quadrature.\n *\n * The environment quadrature computes, at each site centre q and spectral node λ,\n *   E(q, λ) = Σ_k K_λ(k)·T·L(s_k(q), λ),\n * where s_k(q) is the tap's source point (`sensorPsfSourcePoint`), L the scene radiance at the plane point\n * that source point sees, and T the radiance-to-irradiance factor. For the facade's planar scene seen\n * through the ideal rectilinear projection with a still camera and no lens field mapping, field throughput or\n * pupil rays:\n * - T is the same at every sensor point (paraxial π/(4·N_w²), no cos⁴ term), and\n * - with the kernel sampled on the site pitch, every source point is the centre of another site, so the plane\n *   points form one regular lattice: u = (i + ½ − W/2)·2/w, v = −(j + ½ − H/2)·2/w (frame units, native\n *   site (i, j), W×H native sites, w output width).\n * So E(q, λ) = T·B(q, λ) with B = K_λ ⊛ L sampled on that lattice: the same sum, in a different floating-point\n * order. B is computed once per spectral node with the engine's isoplanatic convolution\n * (`calculateIrradianceConvolution`, kernels from `resolveLensPsfConvolutionKernels`, exact site sampling) over a\n * grid that holds every source (the native raster plus the kernel radius on each side), in row bands. The\n * provider then answers each site-centre query with B instead of L, and the environment request declares no\n * PSF. Incoherent imaging is a linear superposition of intensity PSFs, so convolving radiance on the object\n * plane and convolving irradiance on the image plane agree for a planar object and a space-invariant PSF\n * (MIT OpenCourseWare 2.71, lecture 22, free; also see: Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics, 4th ed., §7.1).\n *\n * With an anti-aliasing point-splitting filter (2.1, `sensor.antiAliasing`) the environment queries the PSF taps\n * around each pre-filter source point q − a (a = a split offset) instead of around q. Those taps lie on the site\n * lattice shifted by a, so the same argument holds on each shifted lattice: B is computed once per distinct\n * fractional shift (offsets that differ by whole sites share one lattice; the centred four-spot filter with a\n * one-site separation needs a single half-site-shifted lattice) over the native raster widened by the largest\n * offset, and the environment's spatial quadrature still forms the weighted split sum.\n *\n * Region renders (2.6, `window`): only the lattice rows and columns that the region's sites can query (the window\n * plus the largest offset on each side) are convolved, over a grid that adds the kernel radius on each side. Every\n * output value is the same gather as in the whole render: the grid always holds every tap of every value it keeps\n * (real scene radiance out to the kernel radius, never a truncated edge), the single kernel patch does not depend on\n * the grid's origin, and `convolveIrradianceRows` sums each value in a fixed tap order (v outer, u inner). Narrowing\n * the grid therefore removes only values that no query reads, and the kept values are bit-identical.\n *\n * A query that does not land on one of the lattices (within 1e-6 site) is refused rather than approximated: the\n * facade uses this path only when the lattice argument above holds. A query outside the window is refused too.\n *\n * Defocus (#492, `lens.defocus`): the same argument holds for any space-invariant kernel on the site lattice, so the facade\n * passes `siteKernels` instead (the geometric defocus disc, or each node's diffraction kernel convolved with it). Their radius\n * may exceed the public 32-site convolution limit, so this path does not call `calculateIrradianceConvolution`: it checks the\n * samples and the kernel sums as that function does and gathers only the band's own values (`gatherInterior`), each summed\n * over the taps in the same fixed order (v outer, u inner, ascending; zero taps skipped, which adds exact zeros only). It\n * does not compute the 2R grid rows above and below a band that `calculateIrradianceConvolution` would also return (#419).\n */\n\nimport { InvalidConfigurationError } from \"../core/configuration-error.js\";\nimport { isInternalSceneRadianceEvaluator, markInternalSceneRadianceEvaluator, registerInternalRadianceAccess } from \"../core/internal-radiance-evaluator.js\";\nimport type { SceneRadianceEvaluationRequest, SceneRadianceEvaluationResult } from \"../schema/scene-radiance.js\";\nimport { createIrradianceConvolutionRunner } from \"../optics/irradiance-convolution.js\";\nimport { siteDiffractionKernel } from \"../optics/site-diffraction-kernel.js\";\nimport type { ResolveLensSampledPsfInput } from \"../optics/lens-psf-profile.js\";\nimport type { PlanarSceneRadianceProvider } from \"./scene-radiance.js\";\n\n/** Rows of native sites per convolution band, and the bands kept. Banding changes memory only, never values. */\nconst BAND_ROWS = 32;\nconst CACHED_BANDS = 4;\nconst LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES = 1e-6;\n\nexport interface DiffractedPlanarProviderInput {\n  base: PlanarSceneRadianceProvider;\n  /** The optical state of the sampled PSF, as for `resolveLensSampledPsf`, without field point and wavelength. Unused with `siteKernels`. */\n  psf?: Omit<ResolveLensSampledPsfInput, \"fieldPointMm\" | \"wavelengthNm\">;\n  /**\n   * #492: the kernel of each spectral node on the site lattice, (2·kernelRadius + 1)² taps in row-major order, applied\n   * instead of the diffraction kernels of `psf` (the defocus disc, or each node's diffraction kernel convolved with it).\n   * Any radius; each kernel's sum may not exceed 1 + 2^-20.\n   */\n  siteKernels?: (wavelengthNm: number) => Float64Array;\n  /** Spectral nodes the environment queries (the profile's wavelength nodes). */\n  wavelengthsNm: readonly number[];\n  kernelRadius: number;\n  nativeWidth: number;\n  nativeHeight: number;\n  /** Output (active) width in sites: frame units are 2/outputWidth per site. */\n  outputWidth: number;\n  sitePitchMicrometers: number;\n  /** Planar geometry of the base provider, to map query directions to plane points exactly as it does. */\n  distanceM: number;\n  metresPerFrameUnit: number;\n  /**\n   * Offsets of the query points from the site centres, in sites (+x right, +y down): the anti-aliasing split\n   * offsets with their sign reversed (the environment queries q − a). Default: one zero offset.\n   */\n  queryOffsetsSites?: readonly { x: number; y: number }[];\n  /**\n   * Region renders (2.6): the native sites that will be queried (x, y, width, height in the native raster). Only the\n   * lattice they can reach is convolved; values are bit-identical to the whole render's. Default: the whole raster.\n   */\n  window?: { x: number; y: number; width: number; height: number };\n  /** Called with the duration in ms of each band convolution (diagnostics only; never changes values). */\n  onConvolution?: (milliseconds: number) => void;\n}\n\n/** Internal (not exported from the package): the base provider with diffraction applied as an object-space convolution. */\nexport function createDiffractedPlanarProvider(input: DiffractedPlanarProviderInput): PlanarSceneRadianceProvider {\n  const { base, wavelengthsNm, nativeWidth: W, nativeHeight: H, kernelRadius: R } = input;\n  const g = 2 / input.outputWidth, pitch = input.sitePitchMicrometers;\n  const index = new Map(wavelengthsNm.map((nm, i) => [nm, i]));\n  // One lattice per distinct fractional query offset; M extra sites per side hold the offset queries.\n  const offsets = input.queryOffsetsSites ?? [{ x: 0, y: 0 }];\n  const fraction = (value: number): number => { const f = value - Math.floor(value); return f > 1 - LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES ? 0 : f < LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES ? 0 : f; };\n  const shifts: { x: number; y: number }[] = [];\n  for (const o of offsets) {\n    const f = { x: fraction(o.x), y: fraction(o.y) };\n    if (!shifts.some((s) => Math.abs(s.x - f.x) <= LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES && Math.abs(s.y - f.y) <= LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES)) shifts.push(f);\n  }\n  const M = Math.max(0, ...offsets.map((o) => Math.ceil(Math.max(Math.abs(o.x), Math.abs(o.y)) - LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES)));\n  const LW = W + 2 * M, LH = H + 2 * M;\n  // Lattice window (indices i + M, j + M): the sites the region queries plus the largest offset on each side, clipped\n  // to the lattice. A site i queries i + floor(offset), and floor(offset) lies in [-M, M].\n  const win = input.window ?? { x: 0, y: 0, width: W, height: H };\n  const lx0 = Math.max(0, win.x), lx1 = Math.min(LW, win.x + win.width + 2 * M);\n  const ly0 = Math.max(0, win.y), ly1 = Math.min(LH, win.y + win.height + 2 * M);\n  if (!(lx0 < lx1 && ly0 < ly1)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Diffraction window must overlap the native raster.\");\n  const NW = lx1 - lx0;\n  // One kernel per wavelength, on the site grid, from the engine's own tap-to-site mapping (field point 0, 0); kept across calls.\n  const siteKernels = input.siteKernels;\n  if (!siteKernels && !input.psf) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"The object-space convolution needs a PSF or site kernels.\");\n  const kernels = wavelengthsNm.map((wavelengthNm) => siteKernels ? checkedSiteKernel(siteKernels(wavelengthNm), R) :\n    siteDiffractionKernel(input.psf!, wavelengthNm, pitch, R, \"Diffraction kernels must sample the site pitch exactly.\"));\n  // #492: each site kernel's non-zero taps as grid offsets, in the gather's order.\n  const taps = siteKernels ? kernels.map((kernel) => kernelTaps(kernel, R, NW + 2 * R)) : [];\n  const gridWidth = NW + 2 * R;\n  const now = (): number => globalThis.performance?.now() ?? Date.now();\n  const bands = new Map<number, Float64Array[][]>();\n  const materialAt = base.chartMaterialAt?.bind(base), materialRadiance = base.materialRadiance?.bind(base);\n  function band(b: number): Float64Array[][] {\n    const cached = bands.get(b);\n    if (cached) { bands.delete(b); bands.set(b, cached); return cached; }\n    const started = input.onConvolution ? now() : 0;\n    const y0 = ly0 + b * BAND_ROWS, rows = Math.min(BAND_ROWS, ly1 - y0), gridHeight = rows + 2 * R, size = gridWidth * gridHeight;\n    // #453: the band's shifts × spectral nodes convolutions share one geometry, validated once (the first runs the full\n    // calculateIrradianceConvolution; every later one still checks its samples and kernel).\n    const convolve = siteKernels ? undefined : createIrradianceConvolutionRunner({ schemaVersion: \"0.1.0\", width: gridWidth, height: gridHeight, kernelRadius: R,\n      patchWidth: gridWidth, patchHeight: gridHeight, boundary: \"zero-outside-grid\" });\n    const values = shifts.map((shift) => {\n      // The plane point of lattice grid sample (gx, gy) of this shift, the same expressions for both fills below.\n      const vOf = (gy: number): number => shift.y === 0 ? -(y0 + gy - R - M + 0.5 - H / 2) * g : -(y0 + gy - R - M + 0.5 + shift.y - H / 2) * g;\n      const uOf = (x: number): number => shift.x === 0 ? (x - R - M + 0.5 - W / 2) * g : (x - R - M + 0.5 + shift.x - W / 2) * g;\n      // #453, material scenes (chart presets and caller material scenes): radianceAt(u, v, nm) is materialRadiance(chartMaterialAt(u, v), nm)\n      // (scene-radiance.ts), so the material is looked up once per lattice point and each node's samples come from one\n      // materialRadiance per material present, the same numbers as one radianceAt per point and node.\n      let materialOf: Int32Array | undefined;\n      if (materialAt && materialRadiance) {\n        materialOf = new Int32Array(size);\n        for (let gy = 0; gy < gridHeight; gy++) {\n          const v = vOf(gy);\n          for (let gx = 0, x = lx0; gx < gridWidth; gx++, x++) materialOf[gy * gridWidth + gx] = materialAt(uOf(x), v);\n        }\n      }\n      return wavelengthsNm.map((nm, w) => {\n        const samples = new Float64Array(size);\n        if (materialOf) {\n          const radiance = new Map<number, number>();\n          for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n            const m = materialOf[i]!;\n            let value = radiance.get(m);\n            if (value === undefined) { value = materialRadiance!(m, nm); radiance.set(m, value); }\n            samples[i] = value;\n          }\n        } else {\n          for (let gy = 0; gy < gridHeight; gy++) {\n            const v = vOf(gy);\n            for (let gx = 0, x = lx0; gx < gridWidth; gx++, x++) samples[gy * gridWidth + gx] = base.radianceAt(uOf(x), v, nm);\n          }\n        }\n        if (!convolve) return gatherInterior(samples, taps[w]!, gridWidth, NW, rows, R);\n        const blurred = convolve(samples, kernels[w]!);\n        const out = new Float64Array(NW * rows);\n        for (let y = 0; y < rows; y++) out.set(blurred.subarray((y + R) * gridWidth + R, (y + R) * gridWidth + R + NW), y * NW);\n        return out;\n      });\n    });\n    bands.set(b, values);\n    if (bands.size > CACHED_BANDS) bands.delete(bands.keys().next().value!);\n    if (input.onConvolution) input.onConvolution(now() - started);\n    return values;\n  }\n  function blurredAt(u: number, v: number, nm: number): number {\n    const w = index.get(nm), fi = u / g - 0.5 + W / 2, fj = -v / g - 0.5 + H / 2;\n    if (w !== undefined) for (let s = 0; s < shifts.length; s++) {\n      const shift = shifts[s]!, i = Math.round(fi - shift.x), j = Math.round(fj - shift.y);\n      if (Math.abs(fi - shift.x - i) > LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES || Math.abs(fj - shift.y - j) > LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES) continue;\n      const li = i + M, lj = j + M;\n      if (li < lx0 || lj < ly0 || li >= lx1 || lj >= ly1) break;\n      return band(Math.floor((lj - ly0) / BAND_ROWS))[s]![w]![((lj - ly0) % BAND_ROWS) * NW + li - lx0]!;\n    }\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Diffraction query is off the site lattice; the object-space convolution does not apply.\");\n  }\n  const scale = input.metresPerFrameUnit, distance = input.distanceM, baseEvaluate = base.evaluateRadiance;\n  const evaluateRadiance = (request: Readonly<SceneRadianceEvaluationRequest>): SceneRadianceEvaluationResult => {\n    const result = baseEvaluate.call(base, request), o = (request.target as { outgoingDirectionUnitVector: { x: number; y: number; z: number } }).outgoingDirectionUnitVector;\n    const t = distance / -o.z;\n    return { ...result, spectralRadianceWattsPerSquareMeterSteradianNanometer: blurredAt(-o.x * t / scale, -o.y * t / scale, request.wavelengthNanometers) };\n  };\n  // 2.6: the result is the base result with only its radiance replaced (same keys and records), so an engine-built base\n  // evaluator keeps its mark (see core/internal-radiance-evaluator.ts).\n  if (isInternalSceneRadianceEvaluator(baseEvaluate)) {\n    markInternalSceneRadianceEvaluator(evaluateRadiance);\n    // #394: its radiance is the convolved value at one lattice site (shift s, lattice column li, row lj) per wavelength, so\n    // the lean executor may read it by that key: the same plane point, lattice choice and band value as evaluateRadiance.\n    registerInternalRadianceAccess(evaluateRadiance, {\n      tabulated: false,\n      keyOfDirection(o): number | undefined {\n        if (!(-o.z > 0)) return undefined;\n        const t = distance / -o.z, u = -o.x * t / scale, v = -o.y * t / scale, fi = u / g - 0.5 + W / 2, fj = -v / g - 0.5 + H / 2;\n        for (let s = 0; s < shifts.length; s++) {\n          const shift = shifts[s]!, i = Math.round(fi - shift.x), j = Math.round(fj - shift.y);\n          if (Math.abs(fi - shift.x - i) > LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES || Math.abs(fj - shift.y - j) > LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES) continue;\n          const li = i + M, lj = j + M;\n          if (li < lx0 || lj < ly0 || li >= lx1 || lj >= ly1) return undefined;\n          return (s * LH + lj) * LW + li;\n        }\n        return undefined;\n      },\n      radianceOfKey(key, nm): number {\n        const w = index.get(nm);\n        if (w === undefined) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Diffraction query is off the site lattice; the object-space convolution does not apply.\");\n        const li = key % LW, rest = (key - li) / LW, lj = rest % LH, s = (rest - lj) / LH;\n        return band(Math.floor((lj - ly0) / BAND_ROWS))[s]![w]![((lj - ly0) % BAND_ROWS) * NW + li - lx0]!;\n      }\n    });\n  }\n  return {\n    sceneId: base.sceneId, providerProfileId: base.providerProfileId, radianceAt: base.radianceAt,\n    evaluateRadiance,\n    evaluateApertureRadiance(): SceneRadianceEvaluationResult {\n      throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Diffraction by object-space convolution does not take pupil rays.\");\n    }\n  };\n}\n\n/** Largest kernel sum, and largest sample, the object-space convolution accepts (as `IRRADIANCE_CONVOLUTION_LIMITS`). */\nconst MAXIMUM_KERNEL_SUM = 1 + 2 ** -20, MAXIMUM_SAMPLE = 2 ** 100;\n\n/** #492: a site kernel of radius R, checked as `calculateIrradianceConvolution` checks its kernels. */\nfunction checkedSiteKernel(kernel: Float64Array, R: number): Float64Array {\n  if (!(kernel instanceof Float64Array) || kernel.length !== (2 * R + 1) ** 2) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Site kernels must be (2R + 1)² taps.\");\n  let sum = 0;\n  for (let k = 0; k < kernel.length; k++) {\n    const w = kernel[k]!;\n    if (!(w >= 0 && w <= 1)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Site kernel weights must be finite numbers in [0, 1].\");\n    sum += w;\n  }\n  if (sum > MAXIMUM_KERNEL_SUM) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"A PSF kernel may not create energy (sum exceeds 1).\");\n  return kernel;\n}\n\n/** #492: the non-zero taps of a kernel as offsets into a grid of `gridWidth` columns (−v·gridWidth − u) and weights, v outer, u inner, ascending. */\nfunction kernelTaps(kernel: Float64Array, R: number, gridWidth: number): { offsets: Int32Array; weights: Float64Array } {\n  const offsets: number[] = [], weights: number[] = [];\n  for (let v = -R, t = 0; v <= R; v++) for (let u = -R; u <= R; u++, t++) {\n    const w = kernel[t]!;\n    if (w !== 0) { offsets.push(-v * gridWidth - u); weights.push(w); }\n  }\n  return { offsets: Int32Array.from(offsets), weights: Float64Array.from(weights) };\n}\n\n/**\n * #492: out(x, y) = Σ_t K(t)·samples(x + R − t_u, y + R − t_v) for the band's own values only (x < width, y < rows): every tap of\n * these lies inside the grid (it holds R extra samples on each side), so no boundary rule applies. Samples are checked as\n * `calculateIrradianceConvolution` checks them.\n */\nfunction gatherInterior(samples: Float64Array, taps: { offsets: Int32Array; weights: Float64Array }, gridWidth: number, width: number, rows: number, R: number): Float64Array {\n  for (let k = 0; k < samples.length; k++) {\n    const v = samples[k]!;\n    if (!(v >= 0 && v <= MAXIMUM_SAMPLE)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Irradiance samples must be finite, non-negative and within the declared magnitude.\");\n  }\n  const { offsets, weights } = taps, count = weights.length, out = new Float64Array(width * rows);\n  for (let y = 0; y < rows; y++) {\n    const rowBase = (y + R) * gridWidth + R;\n    for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {\n      const base = rowBase + x;\n      let sum = 0;\n      for (let k = 0; k < count; k++) sum += samples[base + offsets[k]!]! * weights[k]!;\n      out[y * width + x] = sum;\n    }\n  }\n  return out;\n}\n"]}
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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Fast execution of `simulateCapture`'s `lens.diffraction` (2.1): an object-space convolution in the scene\n * provider, instead of one scene query per PSF tap in the environment PSF quadrature.\n *\n * The environment quadrature computes, at each site centre q and spectral node λ,\n *   E(q, λ) = Σ_k K_λ(k)·T·L(s_k(q), λ),\n * where s_k(q) is the tap's source point (`sensorPsfSourcePoint`), L the scene radiance at the plane point\n * that source point sees, and T the radiance-to-irradiance factor. For the facade's planar scene seen\n * through the ideal rectilinear projection with a still camera and no lens field mapping, field throughput or\n * pupil rays:\n * - T is the same at every sensor point (paraxial π/(4·N_w²), no cos⁴ term), and\n * - with the kernel sampled on the site pitch, every source point is the centre of another site, so the plane\n *   points form one regular lattice: u = (i + ½ − W/2)·2/w, v = −(j + ½ − H/2)·2/w (frame units, native\n *   site (i, j), W×H native sites, w output width).\n * So E(q, λ) = T·B(q, λ) with B = K_λ ⊛ L sampled on that lattice: the same sum, in a different floating-point\n * order. B is computed once per spectral node with the engine's isoplanatic convolution\n * (`calculateIrradianceConvolution`, kernels from `resolveLensPsfConvolutionKernels`, exact site sampling) over a\n * grid that holds every source (the native raster plus the kernel radius on each side), in row bands; each band gathers only\n * its own values, the grid's interior (#419, `createIrradianceConvolutionInteriorRunner`: each value bit-identical to\n * `calculateIrradianceConvolution`'s there, without the 2R rows and columns of the band's grid that no query reads). The\n * provider then answers each site-centre query with B instead of L, and the environment request declares no\n * PSF. Incoherent imaging is a linear superposition of intensity PSFs, so convolving radiance on the object\n * plane and convolving irradiance on the image plane agree for a planar object and a space-invariant PSF\n * (MIT OpenCourseWare 2.71, lecture 22, free; also see: Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics, 4th ed., §7.1).\n *\n * With an anti-aliasing point-splitting filter (2.1, `sensor.antiAliasing`) the environment queries the PSF taps\n * around each pre-filter source point q − a (a = a split offset) instead of around q. Those taps lie on the site\n * lattice shifted by a, so the same argument holds on each shifted lattice: B is computed once per distinct\n * fractional shift (offsets that differ by whole sites share one lattice; the centred four-spot filter with a\n * one-site separation needs a single half-site-shifted lattice) over the native raster widened by the largest\n * offset, and the environment's spatial quadrature still forms the weighted split sum.\n *\n * Region renders (2.6, `window`): only the lattice rows and columns that the region's sites can query (the window\n * plus the largest offset on each side) are convolved, over a grid that adds the kernel radius on each side. Every\n * output value is the same gather as in the whole render: the grid always holds every tap of every value it keeps\n * (real scene radiance out to the kernel radius, never a truncated edge), the single kernel patch does not depend on\n * the grid's origin, and the gather (`convolveIrradianceRows`, and its interior form) sums each value in a fixed tap order (v outer, u inner). Narrowing\n * the grid therefore removes only values that no query reads, and the kept values are bit-identical.\n *\n * A query that does not land on one of the lattices (within 1e-6 site) is refused rather than approximated: the\n * facade uses this path only when the lattice argument above holds. A query outside the window is refused too.\n *\n * Defocus (#492, `lens.defocus`): the same argument holds for any space-invariant kernel on the site lattice, so the facade\n * passes `siteKernels` instead (the geometric defocus disc, or each node's diffraction kernel convolved with it). Their radius\n * may exceed the public 32-site convolution limit, so this path does not call `calculateIrradianceConvolution`: it checks the\n * samples and the kernel sums as that function does and gathers only the band's own values (`gatherInterior`), each summed\n * over the taps in the same fixed order (v outer, u inner, ascending; zero taps skipped, which adds exact zeros only). Like\n * the diffraction path (#419), it does not compute the 2R grid rows and columns around a band.\n */\n\nimport { InvalidConfigurationError } from \"../core/configuration-error.js\";\nimport { isInternalSceneRadianceEvaluator, markInternalSceneRadianceEvaluator, registerInternalRadianceAccess } from \"../core/internal-radiance-evaluator.js\";\nimport type { SceneRadianceEvaluationRequest, SceneRadianceEvaluationResult } from \"../schema/scene-radiance.js\";\nimport { createIrradianceConvolutionInteriorRunner } from \"../optics/irradiance-convolution.js\";\nimport { siteDiffractionKernel } from \"../optics/site-diffraction-kernel.js\";\nimport type { ResolveLensSampledPsfInput } from \"../optics/lens-psf-profile.js\";\nimport type { PlanarSceneRadianceProvider } from \"./scene-radiance.js\";\n\n/** Rows of native sites per convolution band, and the bands kept. Banding changes memory only, never values. */\nconst BAND_ROWS = 32;\nconst CACHED_BANDS = 4;\nconst LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES = 1e-6;\n\nexport interface DiffractedPlanarProviderInput {\n  base: PlanarSceneRadianceProvider;\n  /** The optical state of the sampled PSF, as for `resolveLensSampledPsf`, without field point and wavelength. Unused with `siteKernels`. */\n  psf?: Omit<ResolveLensSampledPsfInput, \"fieldPointMm\" | \"wavelengthNm\">;\n  /**\n   * #492: the kernel of each spectral node on the site lattice, (2·kernelRadius + 1)² taps in row-major order, applied\n   * instead of the diffraction kernels of `psf` (the defocus disc, or each node's diffraction kernel convolved with it).\n   * Any radius; each kernel's sum may not exceed 1 + 2^-20.\n   */\n  siteKernels?: (wavelengthNm: number) => Float64Array;\n  /** Spectral nodes the environment queries (the profile's wavelength nodes). */\n  wavelengthsNm: readonly number[];\n  kernelRadius: number;\n  nativeWidth: number;\n  nativeHeight: number;\n  /** Output (active) width in sites: frame units are 2/outputWidth per site. */\n  outputWidth: number;\n  sitePitchMicrometers: number;\n  /** Planar geometry of the base provider, to map query directions to plane points exactly as it does. */\n  distanceM: number;\n  metresPerFrameUnit: number;\n  /**\n   * Offsets of the query points from the site centres, in sites (+x right, +y down): the anti-aliasing split\n   * offsets with their sign reversed (the environment queries q − a). Default: one zero offset.\n   */\n  queryOffsetsSites?: readonly { x: number; y: number }[];\n  /**\n   * Region renders (2.6): the native sites that will be queried (x, y, width, height in the native raster). Only the\n   * lattice they can reach is convolved; values are bit-identical to the whole render's. Default: the whole raster.\n   */\n  window?: { x: number; y: number; width: number; height: number };\n  /** Called with the duration in ms of each band convolution (diagnostics only; never changes values). */\n  onConvolution?: (milliseconds: number) => void;\n}\n\n/** Internal (not exported from the package): the base provider with diffraction applied as an object-space convolution. */\nexport function createDiffractedPlanarProvider(input: DiffractedPlanarProviderInput): PlanarSceneRadianceProvider {\n  const { base, wavelengthsNm, nativeWidth: W, nativeHeight: H, kernelRadius: R } = input;\n  const g = 2 / input.outputWidth, pitch = input.sitePitchMicrometers;\n  const index = new Map(wavelengthsNm.map((nm, i) => [nm, i]));\n  // One lattice per distinct fractional query offset; M extra sites per side hold the offset queries.\n  const offsets = input.queryOffsetsSites ?? [{ x: 0, y: 0 }];\n  const fraction = (value: number): number => { const f = value - Math.floor(value); return f > 1 - LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES ? 0 : f < LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES ? 0 : f; };\n  const shifts: { x: number; y: number }[] = [];\n  for (const o of offsets) {\n    const f = { x: fraction(o.x), y: fraction(o.y) };\n    if (!shifts.some((s) => Math.abs(s.x - f.x) <= LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES && Math.abs(s.y - f.y) <= LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES)) shifts.push(f);\n  }\n  const M = Math.max(0, ...offsets.map((o) => Math.ceil(Math.max(Math.abs(o.x), Math.abs(o.y)) - LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES)));\n  const LW = W + 2 * M, LH = H + 2 * M;\n  // Lattice window (indices i + M, j + M): the sites the region queries plus the largest offset on each side, clipped\n  // to the lattice. A site i queries i + floor(offset), and floor(offset) lies in [-M, M].\n  const win = input.window ?? { x: 0, y: 0, width: W, height: H };\n  const lx0 = Math.max(0, win.x), lx1 = Math.min(LW, win.x + win.width + 2 * M);\n  const ly0 = Math.max(0, win.y), ly1 = Math.min(LH, win.y + win.height + 2 * M);\n  if (!(lx0 < lx1 && ly0 < ly1)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Diffraction window must overlap the native raster.\");\n  const NW = lx1 - lx0;\n  // One kernel per wavelength, on the site grid, from the engine's own tap-to-site mapping (field point 0, 0); kept across calls.\n  const siteKernels = input.siteKernels;\n  if (!siteKernels && !input.psf) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"The object-space convolution needs a PSF or site kernels.\");\n  const kernels = wavelengthsNm.map((wavelengthNm) => siteKernels ? checkedSiteKernel(siteKernels(wavelengthNm), R) :\n    siteDiffractionKernel(input.psf!, wavelengthNm, pitch, R, \"Diffraction kernels must sample the site pitch exactly.\"));\n  // #492: each site kernel's non-zero taps as grid offsets, in the gather's order.\n  const taps = siteKernels ? kernels.map((kernel) => kernelTaps(kernel, R, NW + 2 * R)) : [];\n  const gridWidth = NW + 2 * R;\n  const now = (): number => globalThis.performance?.now() ?? Date.now();\n  const bands = new Map<number, Float64Array[][]>();\n  const materialAt = base.chartMaterialAt?.bind(base), materialRadiance = base.materialRadiance?.bind(base);\n  function band(b: number): Float64Array[][] {\n    const cached = bands.get(b);\n    if (cached) { bands.delete(b); bands.set(b, cached); return cached; }\n    const started = input.onConvolution ? now() : 0;\n    const y0 = ly0 + b * BAND_ROWS, rows = Math.min(BAND_ROWS, ly1 - y0), gridHeight = rows + 2 * R, size = gridWidth * gridHeight;\n    // #453: the band's shifts × spectral nodes convolutions share one geometry, validated once (the first with every check of\n    // calculateIrradianceConvolution; every later one still checks its samples and kernel). #419: only the band's own rows × NW\n    // values are gathered (the grid's interior), each bit-identical to calculateIrradianceConvolution's value there.\n    const convolve = siteKernels ? undefined : createIrradianceConvolutionInteriorRunner({ schemaVersion: \"0.1.0\", width: gridWidth, height: gridHeight, kernelRadius: R,\n      patchWidth: gridWidth, patchHeight: gridHeight, boundary: \"zero-outside-grid\" });\n    const values = shifts.map((shift) => {\n      // The plane point of lattice grid sample (gx, gy) of this shift, the same expressions for both fills below.\n      const vOf = (gy: number): number => shift.y === 0 ? -(y0 + gy - R - M + 0.5 - H / 2) * g : -(y0 + gy - R - M + 0.5 + shift.y - H / 2) * g;\n      const uOf = (x: number): number => shift.x === 0 ? (x - R - M + 0.5 - W / 2) * g : (x - R - M + 0.5 + shift.x - W / 2) * g;\n      // #453, material scenes (chart presets and caller material scenes): radianceAt(u, v, nm) is materialRadiance(chartMaterialAt(u, v), nm)\n      // (scene-radiance.ts), so the material is looked up once per lattice point and each node's samples come from one\n      // materialRadiance per material present, the same numbers as one radianceAt per point and node.\n      let materialOf: Int32Array | undefined;\n      if (materialAt && materialRadiance) {\n        materialOf = new Int32Array(size);\n        for (let gy = 0; gy < gridHeight; gy++) {\n          const v = vOf(gy);\n          for (let gx = 0, x = lx0; gx < gridWidth; gx++, x++) materialOf[gy * gridWidth + gx] = materialAt(uOf(x), v);\n        }\n      }\n      return wavelengthsNm.map((nm, w) => {\n        const samples = new Float64Array(size);\n        if (materialOf) {\n          const radiance = new Map<number, number>();\n          for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n            const m = materialOf[i]!;\n            let value = radiance.get(m);\n            if (value === undefined) { value = materialRadiance!(m, nm); radiance.set(m, value); }\n            samples[i] = value;\n          }\n        } else {\n          for (let gy = 0; gy < gridHeight; gy++) {\n            const v = vOf(gy);\n            for (let gx = 0, x = lx0; gx < gridWidth; gx++, x++) samples[gy * gridWidth + gx] = base.radianceAt(uOf(x), v, nm);\n          }\n        }\n        if (!convolve) return gatherInterior(samples, taps[w]!, gridWidth, NW, rows, R);\n        return convolve(samples, kernels[w]!);\n      });\n    });\n    bands.set(b, values);\n    if (bands.size > CACHED_BANDS) bands.delete(bands.keys().next().value!);\n    if (input.onConvolution) input.onConvolution(now() - started);\n    return values;\n  }\n  function blurredAt(u: number, v: number, nm: number): number {\n    const w = index.get(nm), fi = u / g - 0.5 + W / 2, fj = -v / g - 0.5 + H / 2;\n    if (w !== undefined) for (let s = 0; s < shifts.length; s++) {\n      const shift = shifts[s]!, i = Math.round(fi - shift.x), j = Math.round(fj - shift.y);\n      if (Math.abs(fi - shift.x - i) > LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES || Math.abs(fj - shift.y - j) > LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES) continue;\n      const li = i + M, lj = j + M;\n      if (li < lx0 || lj < ly0 || li >= lx1 || lj >= ly1) break;\n      return band(Math.floor((lj - ly0) / BAND_ROWS))[s]![w]![((lj - ly0) % BAND_ROWS) * NW + li - lx0]!;\n    }\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Diffraction query is off the site lattice; the object-space convolution does not apply.\");\n  }\n  const scale = input.metresPerFrameUnit, distance = input.distanceM, baseEvaluate = base.evaluateRadiance;\n  const evaluateRadiance = (request: Readonly<SceneRadianceEvaluationRequest>): SceneRadianceEvaluationResult => {\n    const result = baseEvaluate.call(base, request), o = (request.target as { outgoingDirectionUnitVector: { x: number; y: number; z: number } }).outgoingDirectionUnitVector;\n    const t = distance / -o.z;\n    return { ...result, spectralRadianceWattsPerSquareMeterSteradianNanometer: blurredAt(-o.x * t / scale, -o.y * t / scale, request.wavelengthNanometers) };\n  };\n  // 2.6: the result is the base result with only its radiance replaced (same keys and records), so an engine-built base\n  // evaluator keeps its mark (see core/internal-radiance-evaluator.ts).\n  if (isInternalSceneRadianceEvaluator(baseEvaluate)) {\n    markInternalSceneRadianceEvaluator(evaluateRadiance);\n    // #394: its radiance is the convolved value at one lattice site (shift s, lattice column li, row lj) per wavelength, so\n    // the lean executor may read it by that key: the same plane point, lattice choice and band value as evaluateRadiance.\n    registerInternalRadianceAccess(evaluateRadiance, {\n      tabulated: false,\n      keyOfDirection(o): number | undefined {\n        if (!(-o.z > 0)) return undefined;\n        const t = distance / -o.z, u = -o.x * t / scale, v = -o.y * t / scale, fi = u / g - 0.5 + W / 2, fj = -v / g - 0.5 + H / 2;\n        for (let s = 0; s < shifts.length; s++) {\n          const shift = shifts[s]!, i = Math.round(fi - shift.x), j = Math.round(fj - shift.y);\n          if (Math.abs(fi - shift.x - i) > LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES || Math.abs(fj - shift.y - j) > LATTICE_TOLERANCE_SITES) continue;\n          const li = i + M, lj = j + M;\n          if (li < lx0 || lj < ly0 || li >= lx1 || lj >= ly1) return undefined;\n          return (s * LH + lj) * LW + li;\n        }\n        return undefined;\n      },\n      radianceOfKey(key, nm): number {\n        const w = index.get(nm);\n        if (w === undefined) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Diffraction query is off the site lattice; the object-space convolution does not apply.\");\n        const li = key % LW, rest = (key - li) / LW, lj = rest % LH, s = (rest - lj) / LH;\n        return band(Math.floor((lj - ly0) / BAND_ROWS))[s]![w]![((lj - ly0) % BAND_ROWS) * NW + li - lx0]!;\n      }\n    });\n  }\n  return {\n    sceneId: base.sceneId, providerProfileId: base.providerProfileId, radianceAt: base.radianceAt,\n    evaluateRadiance,\n    evaluateApertureRadiance(): SceneRadianceEvaluationResult {\n      throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Diffraction by object-space convolution does not take pupil rays.\");\n    }\n  };\n}\n\n/** Largest kernel sum, and largest sample, the object-space convolution accepts (as `IRRADIANCE_CONVOLUTION_LIMITS`). */\nconst MAXIMUM_KERNEL_SUM = 1 + 2 ** -20, MAXIMUM_SAMPLE = 2 ** 100;\n\n/** #492: a site kernel of radius R, checked as `calculateIrradianceConvolution` checks its kernels. */\nfunction checkedSiteKernel(kernel: Float64Array, R: number): Float64Array {\n  if (!(kernel instanceof Float64Array) || kernel.length !== (2 * R + 1) ** 2) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Site kernels must be (2R + 1)² taps.\");\n  let sum = 0;\n  for (let k = 0; k < kernel.length; k++) {\n    const w = kernel[k]!;\n    if (!(w >= 0 && w <= 1)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Site kernel weights must be finite numbers in [0, 1].\");\n    sum += w;\n  }\n  if (sum > MAXIMUM_KERNEL_SUM) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"A PSF kernel may not create energy (sum exceeds 1).\");\n  return kernel;\n}\n\n/** #492: the non-zero taps of a kernel as offsets into a grid of `gridWidth` columns (−v·gridWidth − u) and weights, v outer, u inner, ascending. */\nfunction kernelTaps(kernel: Float64Array, R: number, gridWidth: number): { offsets: Int32Array; weights: Float64Array } {\n  const offsets: number[] = [], weights: number[] = [];\n  for (let v = -R, t = 0; v <= R; v++) for (let u = -R; u <= R; u++, t++) {\n    const w = kernel[t]!;\n    if (w !== 0) { offsets.push(-v * gridWidth - u); weights.push(w); }\n  }\n  return { offsets: Int32Array.from(offsets), weights: Float64Array.from(weights) };\n}\n\n/**\n * #492: out(x, y) = Σ_t K(t)·samples(x + R − t_u, y + R − t_v) for the band's own values only (x < width, y < rows): every tap of\n * these lies inside the grid (it holds R extra samples on each side), so no boundary rule applies. Samples are checked as\n * `calculateIrradianceConvolution` checks them.\n */\nfunction gatherInterior(samples: Float64Array, taps: { offsets: Int32Array; weights: Float64Array }, gridWidth: number, width: number, rows: number, R: number): Float64Array {\n  for (let k = 0; k < samples.length; k++) {\n    const v = samples[k]!;\n    if (!(v >= 0 && v <= MAXIMUM_SAMPLE)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"Irradiance samples must be finite, non-negative and within the declared magnitude.\");\n  }\n  const { offsets, weights } = taps, count = weights.length, out = new Float64Array(width * rows);\n  for (let y = 0; y < rows; y++) {\n    const rowBase = (y + R) * gridWidth + R;\n    for (let x = 0; x < width; x++) {\n      const base = rowBase + x;\n      let sum = 0;\n      for (let k = 0; k < count; k++) sum += samples[base + offsets[k]!]! * weights[k]!;\n      out[y * width + x] = sum;\n    }\n  }\n  return out;\n}\n"]}

package/dist/facade/display-view.d.ts

@@ -255,6 +255,33 @@ export declare function computeDisplayViewCorrectionStates(setup: DisplayViewCor
  * evaluated while the stratified estimator takes a quarter of its samples per axis where the pilot finds no detail.
  */
 export declare const EXACT_AREA_MEAN_MAX_PIXELS = 25;
+/**
+ * createAhdDemosaicTask's steps at the centre pixel of an 11 × 11 patch (patch (dy + 5)·11 + dx + 5, normalized site values):
+ * `choose(phase)` fills the two candidates within 2 sites (`horizontal`, `vertical`: (dy + 2)·5 + dx + 2, three channels) and
+ * returns the centre's direction, 0 horizontal, 1 vertical, 2 equal homogeneity (both averaged). Greens are read by flat
+ * index (dy + 3)·7 + dx + 3; every value is formed with the same operations in the same order as the steps themselves,
+ * except that CIELAB's cube root is `portableCbrt` (within 1 ulp of Math.cbrt) and squares are products, so the result has
+ * the same bits in every JavaScript engine. (The task keeps its intermediate planes in float32; these are binary64.)
+ */
+export declare function createAhdCentreSteps(labMatrix: readonly (readonly number[])[], patch: Float64Array): {
+    horizontal: Float64Array;
+    vertical: Float64Array;
+    choose(phase: number): number;
+};
+/**
+ * #457: AHD's direction at real pixels of the noise-free mosaic, as `createAhdDemosaicTask` computes it on the whole raster
+ * (every neighbour read at its reflect-101 position, so a position's greens, candidates, CIELAB and homogeneity are those of
+ * the task's planes), with each per-position quantity computed once and kept in rings of native rows. `direction(x, y)` is 0
+ * horizontal, 1 vertical, 2 equal homogeneity; `site(x, y)` gives the normalized expected value of an in-raster site, clipped
+ * at white. The kept columns are [x0, x0 + columns), set by `origin(x0)` (which also forgets every kept value); they must hold
+ * every real pixel asked about and 5 sites around it, clipped to the raster. `rows` is a power of two at least the native rows
+ * the real pixels asked about between two `origin` calls span plus 10. The arithmetic is the task's, in binary64 (the task
+ * stores its planes in float32), with `portableCbrt` and products for squares, as `createAhdCentreSteps`.
+ */
+export declare function createAhdDirectionPlane(labMatrix: readonly (readonly number[])[], nativeWidth: number, nativeHeight: number, columns: number, rows: number, site: (x: number, y: number) => number): {
+    origin(x0: number): void;
+    direction(x: number, y: number): number;
+};
 /** Renders the display view (docs/DISPLAY_VIEW.md). */
 export declare function renderDisplayView(setup: DisplayViewSetup): Promise<DisplayViewRenderResult>;
 /**

package/dist/facade/display-view.js

@@ -499,73 +499,19 @@ const SITE_RING_LIMIT = 1 << 18;
 /** Pilot points per axis: about one per two sites of the footprint plus its reach, 4 to 16. */
 function pilotCount(span) { return Math.max(4, Math.min(16, Math.ceil(span / 2))); }
 /**
- * The state computer of one setup's AHD correction (#447: shared by the render and `computeDisplayViewCorrectionStates`):
- * gridCorrection(i0, i1, i2) returns the offset of the grid state's three values in `states.values`, computing and storing
- * the state on first use. The code and its operations are those the render ran in place before.
+ * createAhdDemosaicTask's steps at the centre pixel of an 11 × 11 patch (patch (dy + 5)·11 + dx + 5, normalized site values):
+ * `choose(phase)` fills the two candidates within 2 sites (`horizontal`, `vertical`: (dy + 2)·5 + dx + 2, three channels) and
+ * returns the centre's direction, 0 horizontal, 1 vertical, 2 equal homogeneity (both averaged). Greens are read by flat
+ * index (dy + 3)·7 + dx + 3; every value is formed with the same operations in the same order as the steps themselves,
+ * except that CIELAB's cube root is `portableCbrt` (within 1 ulp of Math.cbrt) and squares are products, so the result has
+ * the same bits in every JavaScript engine. (The task keeps its intermediate planes in float32; these are binary64.)
  */
-function createGridCorrection(setup, states) {
-    const { seed, ahdCorrection } = setup;
-    const k = Float64Array.from(setup.readout, (r) => r.perElectron), c0 = Float64Array.from(setup.readout, (r) => r.constantVariance);
-    const M = setup.matrix, m00 = M[0][0], m01 = M[0][1], m02 = M[0][2], m10 = M[1][0], m11 = M[1][1], m12 = M[1][2], m20 = M[2][0], m21 = M[2][1], m22 = M[2][2];
-    const g0 = setup.gains[0], g1 = setup.gains[1], g2 = setup.gains[2], L = setup.clipLevel, reinhard = setup.toneCurve === "positive-reinhard-per-channel";
-    const correction = new Float64Array(3), patch = new Float64Array(AHD_SIDE * AHD_SIDE);
-    const readStd = Float64Array.from(c0, (v) => Math.sqrt(v));
-    /** The offset of a grid state's three values in states.values (computed and stored on first use). */
-    function gridCorrection(i0, i1, i2) {
-        const key = (i0 * AHD_KEY_LEVELS + i1) * AHD_KEY_LEVELS + i2, cached = states.index.get(key);
-        if (cached !== undefined)
-            return 3 * cached;
-        const electrons = [i0, i1, i2].map((i, c) => portableExp2(i / AHD_KEY_STEPS - AHD_KEY_OCTAVES) / k[c]);
-        const random = createDeterministicUniformStream(deriveNativeSiteStreamSeedUint32(seed, fmixKey(i0, i1, i2), DISPLAY_VIEW_AHD_STREAM_ID));
-        const sum = new Float64Array(3), draws = ahdCorrection.drawsPerState, poisson = electrons.map((e) => createPoissonSampler(e, true));
-        const normal = createPortableStandardNormalPairs(random);
-        for (let draw = 0; draw < draws; draw++) {
-            const phase = draw & 3, roles = AHD_ROLES[phase];
-            for (let p = 0; p < AHD_SIDE * AHD_SIDE; p++) {
-                // The 16 sites the AHD steps never read are not drawn.
-                if (AHD_READ[p] === 0)
-                    continue;
-                const c = roles[p], value = k[c] * poisson[c](random) + readStd[c] * normal();
-                patch[p] = value < 1 ? value : 1;
-            }
-            ahdDifference(phase, correction);
-            for (let comp = 0; comp < 3; comp++)
-                sum[comp] = sum[comp] + correction[comp] / draws;
-        }
-        if (states.index.size >= AHD_STATE_LIMIT)
-            states.index.clear();
-        const n = states.index.size;
-        if (states.values.length < 3 * (n + 1)) {
-            const grown = new Float64Array(2 * states.values.length);
-            grown.set(states.values);
-            states.values = grown;
-        }
-        states.values.set(sum, 3 * n);
-        states.index.set(key, n);
-        return 3 * n;
-    }
-    const lab = ahdCorrection.labMatrix, labWhite = Float64Array.from(lab, (row) => row[0] + row[1] + row[2]);
+export function createAhdCentreSteps(labMatrix, patch) {
+    const lab = labMatrix, labWhite = Float64Array.from(lab, (row) => row[0] + row[1] + row[2]);
     const l00 = lab[0][0], l01 = lab[0][1], l02 = lab[0][2], l10 = lab[1][0], l11 = lab[1][1], l12 = lab[1][2], l20 = lab[2][0], l21 = lab[2][1], l22 = lab[2][2];
     const lw0 = labWhite[0], lw1 = labWhite[1], lw2 = labWhite[2];
     const gh = new Float64Array(49), gv = new Float64Array(49), cand = [new Float64Array(75), new Float64Array(75)], labs = [new Float64Array(75), new Float64Array(75)];
-    const rgb = new Float64Array(3), rendered = new Float64Array(3), linear = new Float64Array(3);
-    /** Develops one deterministic camera pixel and renders it: WB, highlight clip, colour matrix, tone curve, clip to [0, 1]. */
-    function renderPixel(r, gr, b, out) {
-        const u0 = Math.min(L, g0 * r), u1 = Math.min(L, g1 * gr), u2 = Math.min(L, g2 * b);
-        for (let comp = 0; comp < 3; comp++) {
-            let v = comp === 0 ? m00 * u0 + m01 * u1 + m02 * u2 : comp === 1 ? m10 * u0 + m11 * u1 + m12 * u2 : m20 * u0 + m21 * u1 + m22 * u2;
-            if (reinhard)
-                v = v > 0 ? v / (1 + v) : v;
-            out[comp] = v < 0 ? 0 : v > 1 ? 1 : v;
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * h(AHD) − ½(h(H) + h(V)) at the centre of the drawn neighbourhood (createAhdDemosaicTask's steps, centre pixel only). The
-     * patch and the greens are read by flat index (patch (dy + 5)·11 + dx + 5, greens (dy + 3)·7 + dx + 3); every value is formed
-     * with the same operations in the same order as the steps themselves, except that CIELAB's cube root is `portableCbrt`
-     * (within 1 ulp of Math.cbrt) and squares are products, so the result has the same bits in every JavaScript engine.
-     */
-    function ahdDifference(phase, out) {
+    function choose(phase) {
         const roles = AHD_ROLES[phase];
         // 1. Directional greens within 3 sites.
         for (let dy = -3; dy <= 3; dy++)
@@ -625,9 +571,195 @@ function createGridCorrection(setup, states) {
                 sh += (hL0 <= epsL && hC0 <= epsC ? 1 : 0) + (hL1 <= epsL && hC1 <= epsC ? 1 : 0) + (hL2 <= epsL && hC2 <= epsC ? 1 : 0) + (hL3 <= epsL && hC3 <= epsC ? 1 : 0);
                 sv += (vL0 <= epsL && vC0 <= epsC ? 1 : 0) + (vL1 <= epsL && vC1 <= epsC ? 1 : 0) + (vL2 <= epsL && vC2 <= epsC ? 1 : 0) + (vL3 <= epsL && vC3 <= epsC ? 1 : 0);
             }
-        const centre = 12, a = cand[0], b = cand[1];
+        return sh > sv ? 0 : sv > sh ? 1 : 2;
+    }
+    return { horizontal: cand[0], vertical: cand[1], choose };
+}
+/**
+ * #457: AHD's direction at real pixels of the noise-free mosaic, as `createAhdDemosaicTask` computes it on the whole raster
+ * (every neighbour read at its reflect-101 position, so a position's greens, candidates, CIELAB and homogeneity are those of
+ * the task's planes), with each per-position quantity computed once and kept in rings of native rows. `direction(x, y)` is 0
+ * horizontal, 1 vertical, 2 equal homogeneity; `site(x, y)` gives the normalized expected value of an in-raster site, clipped
+ * at white. The kept columns are [x0, x0 + columns), set by `origin(x0)` (which also forgets every kept value); they must hold
+ * every real pixel asked about and 5 sites around it, clipped to the raster. `rows` is a power of two at least the native rows
+ * the real pixels asked about between two `origin` calls span plus 10. The arithmetic is the task's, in binary64 (the task
+ * stores its planes in float32), with `portableCbrt` and products for squares, as `createAhdCentreSteps`.
+ */
+export function createAhdDirectionPlane(labMatrix, nativeWidth, nativeHeight, columns, rows, site) {
+    const lab = labMatrix, labWhite = Float64Array.from(lab, (row) => row[0] + row[1] + row[2]);
+    const l00 = lab[0][0], l01 = lab[0][1], l02 = lab[0][2], l10 = lab[1][0], l11 = lab[1][1], l12 = lab[1][2], l20 = lab[2][0], l21 = lab[2][1], l22 = lab[2][2];
+    const lw0 = labWhite[0], lw1 = labWhite[1], lw2 = labWhite[2];
+    const W = columns, mask = rows - 1, n = rows * W;
+    // Per position (slot (y & mask)·W + x − x0): the site value, the two greens, the two candidates' RGB and CIELAB and the two
+    // homogeneity counts, each valid while its stamp is epoch·2^24 + the position's row + 1 (exact in binary64; rows < 2^24).
+    const siteV = new Float64Array(n), siteS = new Float64Array(n), gH = new Float64Array(n), gV = new Float64Array(n), gS = new Float64Array(n);
+    const rgb = new Float64Array(6 * n), labs = new Float64Array(6 * n), cS = new Float64Array(n), hom = new Uint8Array(2 * n), hS = new Float64Array(n);
+    let x0 = 0, epoch = 0;
+    const rx = (x) => (x < 0 ? -x : x >= nativeWidth ? 2 * nativeWidth - 2 - x : x);
+    const ry = (y) => (y < 0 ? -y : y >= nativeHeight ? 2 * nativeHeight - 2 - y : y);
+    const role = (x, y) => ((y & 1) === 0 ? ((x & 1) === 0 ? 0 : 1) : ((x & 1) === 0 ? 1 : 2));
+    /** The site at (x, y) read reflect-101 (`at` of the task). */
+    function at(x, y) {
+        const X = rx(x), Y = ry(y), q = (Y & mask) * W + X - x0;
+        if (siteS[q] !== epoch + Y + 1) {
+            siteV[q] = site(X, Y);
+            siteS[q] = epoch + Y + 1;
+        }
+        return siteV[q];
+    }
+    /** Fills the two greens of in-raster position (x, y) (step 1) and returns its slot. */
+    function greens(x, y) {
+        const q = (y & mask) * W + x - x0;
+        if (gS[q] === epoch + y + 1)
+            return q;
+        const c = at(x, y);
+        if (role(x, y) === 1) {
+            gH[q] = c;
+            gV[q] = c;
+        }
+        else {
+            gH[q] = (at(x - 1, y) + at(x + 1, y)) / 2 + (2 * c - at(x - 2, y) - at(x + 2, y)) / 4;
+            gV[q] = (at(x, y - 1) + at(x, y + 1)) / 2 + (2 * c - at(x, y - 2) - at(x, y + 2)) / 4;
+        }
+        gS[q] = epoch + y + 1;
+        return q;
+    }
+    /** s − g of direction d at the reflected position of (x, y). */
+    function difference(x, y, d) {
+        const X = rx(x), Y = ry(y), q = greens(X, Y);
+        return at(X, Y) - (d === 0 ? gH[q] : gV[q]);
+    }
+    /** Fills the two candidates and their CIELAB at in-raster position (x, y) (steps 2 and 3) and returns its slot. */
+    function candidates(x, y) {
+        const q = (y & mask) * W + x - x0;
+        if (cS[q] === epoch + y + 1)
+            return q;
+        greens(x, y);
+        const own = role(x, y);
+        for (let d = 0; d < 2; d++) {
+            const gi = d === 0 ? gH[q] : gV[q], o = 6 * q + 3 * d;
+            rgb[o + 1] = gi;
+            if (own === 1) {
+                const hRole = role(x + 1, y), vRole = 2 - hRole;
+                const a = difference(x - 1, y, d), b = difference(x + 1, y, d);
+                rgb[o + hRole] = gi + (a + b) / 2;
+                const cc = difference(x, y - 1, d), dd = difference(x, y + 1, d);
+                rgb[o + vRole] = gi + (cc + dd) / 2;
+            }
+            else {
+                rgb[o + own] = at(x, y);
+                rgb[o + 2 - own] = gi + (difference(x - 1, y - 1, d) + difference(x + 1, y - 1, d) + difference(x - 1, y + 1, d) + difference(x + 1, y + 1, d)) / 4;
+            }
+            const R = rgb[o], G = rgb[o + 1], Bc = rgb[o + 2];
+            let tx = (l00 * R + l01 * G + l02 * Bc) / lw0, ty = (l10 * R + l11 * G + l12 * Bc) / lw1, tz = (l20 * R + l21 * G + l22 * Bc) / lw2;
+            tx = tx > LAB_EPSILON ? portableCbrt(tx) : (LAB_KAPPA * tx + 16) / 116;
+            ty = ty > LAB_EPSILON ? portableCbrt(ty) : (LAB_KAPPA * ty + 16) / 116;
+            tz = tz > LAB_EPSILON ? portableCbrt(tz) : (LAB_KAPPA * tz + 16) / 116;
+            labs[o] = 116 * ty - 16;
+            labs[o + 1] = 500 * (tx - ty);
+            labs[o + 2] = 200 * (ty - tz);
+        }
+        cS[q] = epoch + y + 1;
+        return q;
+    }
+    /** The two homogeneity counts of in-raster position (x, y) (step 4), at hom[2·slot] and hom[2·slot + 1]. */
+    function homogeneity(x, y) {
+        const q = (y & mask) * W + x - x0;
+        if (hS[q] === epoch + y + 1)
+            return q;
+        const i = 6 * candidates(x, y), jl = 6 * candidates(rx(x - 1), y), jr = 6 * candidates(rx(x + 1), y), ju = 6 * candidates(x, ry(y - 1)), jd = 6 * candidates(x, ry(y + 1));
+        const h = labs;
+        // Direction 0 at offsets +0, direction 1 at +3; neighbours left, right, up, down.
+        const hL0 = Math.abs(h[i] - h[jl]), hL1 = Math.abs(h[i] - h[jr]), hL2 = Math.abs(h[i] - h[ju]), hL3 = Math.abs(h[i] - h[jd]);
+        const vL0 = Math.abs(h[i + 3] - h[jl + 3]), vL1 = Math.abs(h[i + 3] - h[jr + 3]), vL2 = Math.abs(h[i + 3] - h[ju + 3]), vL3 = Math.abs(h[i + 3] - h[jd + 3]);
+        const hC0 = square(h[i + 1] - h[jl + 1]) + square(h[i + 2] - h[jl + 2]), hC1 = square(h[i + 1] - h[jr + 1]) + square(h[i + 2] - h[jr + 2]);
+        const hC2 = square(h[i + 1] - h[ju + 1]) + square(h[i + 2] - h[ju + 2]), hC3 = square(h[i + 1] - h[jd + 1]) + square(h[i + 2] - h[jd + 2]);
+        const vC0 = square(h[i + 4] - h[jl + 4]) + square(h[i + 5] - h[jl + 5]), vC1 = square(h[i + 4] - h[jr + 4]) + square(h[i + 5] - h[jr + 5]);
+        const vC2 = square(h[i + 4] - h[ju + 4]) + square(h[i + 5] - h[ju + 5]), vC3 = square(h[i + 4] - h[jd + 4]) + square(h[i + 5] - h[jd + 5]);
+        const epsL = Math.min(Math.max(hL0, hL1), Math.max(vL2, vL3)), epsC = Math.min(Math.max(hC0, hC1), Math.max(vC2, vC3));
+        hom[2 * q] = (hL0 <= epsL && hC0 <= epsC ? 1 : 0) + (hL1 <= epsL && hC1 <= epsC ? 1 : 0) + (hL2 <= epsL && hC2 <= epsC ? 1 : 0) + (hL3 <= epsL && hC3 <= epsC ? 1 : 0);
+        hom[2 * q + 1] = (vL0 <= epsL && vC0 <= epsC ? 1 : 0) + (vL1 <= epsL && vC1 <= epsC ? 1 : 0) + (vL2 <= epsL && vC2 <= epsC ? 1 : 0) + (vL3 <= epsL && vC3 <= epsC ? 1 : 0);
+        hS[q] = epoch + y + 1;
+        return q;
+    }
+    return {
+        origin(first) { x0 = first; epoch += 16777216; },
+        /** Step 5: the 3 × 3 sums of homogeneity (reflected) select the direction. */
+        direction(x, y) {
+            let sh = 0, sv = 0;
+            for (let dy = -1; dy <= 1; dy++)
+                for (let dx = -1; dx <= 1; dx++) {
+                    const q = homogeneity(rx(x + dx), ry(y + dy));
+                    sh += hom[2 * q];
+                    sv += hom[2 * q + 1];
+                }
+            return sh > sv ? 0 : sv > sh ? 1 : 2;
+        }
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * The state computer of one setup's AHD correction (#447: shared by the render and `computeDisplayViewCorrectionStates`):
+ * gridCorrection(i0, i1, i2) returns the offset of the grid state's three values in `states.values`, computing and storing
+ * the state on first use. The code and its operations are those the render ran in place before.
+ */
+function createGridCorrection(setup, states) {
+    const { seed, ahdCorrection } = setup;
+    const k = Float64Array.from(setup.readout, (r) => r.perElectron), c0 = Float64Array.from(setup.readout, (r) => r.constantVariance);
+    const M = setup.matrix, m00 = M[0][0], m01 = M[0][1], m02 = M[0][2], m10 = M[1][0], m11 = M[1][1], m12 = M[1][2], m20 = M[2][0], m21 = M[2][1], m22 = M[2][2];
+    const g0 = setup.gains[0], g1 = setup.gains[1], g2 = setup.gains[2], L = setup.clipLevel, reinhard = setup.toneCurve === "positive-reinhard-per-channel";
+    const correction = new Float64Array(3), patch = new Float64Array(AHD_SIDE * AHD_SIDE);
+    const readStd = Float64Array.from(c0, (v) => Math.sqrt(v));
+    /** The offset of a grid state's three values in states.values (computed and stored on first use). */
+    function gridCorrection(i0, i1, i2) {
+        const key = (i0 * AHD_KEY_LEVELS + i1) * AHD_KEY_LEVELS + i2, cached = states.index.get(key);
+        if (cached !== undefined)
+            return 3 * cached;
+        const electrons = [i0, i1, i2].map((i, c) => portableExp2(i / AHD_KEY_STEPS - AHD_KEY_OCTAVES) / k[c]);
+        const random = createDeterministicUniformStream(deriveNativeSiteStreamSeedUint32(seed, fmixKey(i0, i1, i2), DISPLAY_VIEW_AHD_STREAM_ID));
+        const sum = new Float64Array(3), draws = ahdCorrection.drawsPerState, poisson = electrons.map((e) => createPoissonSampler(e, true));
+        const normal = createPortableStandardNormalPairs(random);
+        for (let draw = 0; draw < draws; draw++) {
+            const phase = draw & 3, roles = AHD_ROLES[phase];
+            for (let p = 0; p < AHD_SIDE * AHD_SIDE; p++) {
+                // The 16 sites the AHD steps never read are not drawn.
+                if (AHD_READ[p] === 0)
+                    continue;
+                const c = roles[p], value = k[c] * poisson[c](random) + readStd[c] * normal();
+                patch[p] = value < 1 ? value : 1;
+            }
+            ahdDifference(phase, correction);
+            for (let comp = 0; comp < 3; comp++)
+                sum[comp] = sum[comp] + correction[comp] / draws;
+        }
+        if (states.index.size >= AHD_STATE_LIMIT)
+            states.index.clear();
+        const n = states.index.size;
+        if (states.values.length < 3 * (n + 1)) {
+            const grown = new Float64Array(2 * states.values.length);
+            grown.set(states.values);
+            states.values = grown;
+        }
+        states.values.set(sum, 3 * n);
+        states.index.set(key, n);
+        return 3 * n;
+    }
+    const steps = createAhdCentreSteps(ahdCorrection.labMatrix, patch);
+    const rgb = new Float64Array(3), rendered = new Float64Array(3), linear = new Float64Array(3);
+    /** Develops one deterministic camera pixel and renders it: WB, highlight clip, colour matrix, tone curve, clip to [0, 1]. */
+    function renderPixel(r, gr, b, out) {
+        const u0 = Math.min(L, g0 * r), u1 = Math.min(L, g1 * gr), u2 = Math.min(L, g2 * b);
+        for (let comp = 0; comp < 3; comp++) {
+            let v = comp === 0 ? m00 * u0 + m01 * u1 + m02 * u2 : comp === 1 ? m10 * u0 + m11 * u1 + m12 * u2 : m20 * u0 + m21 * u1 + m22 * u2;
+            if (reinhard)
+                v = v > 0 ? v / (1 + v) : v;
+            out[comp] = v < 0 ? 0 : v > 1 ? 1 : v;
+        }
+    }
+    /** h(AHD) − ½(h(H) + h(V)) at the centre of the drawn neighbourhood (`createAhdCentreSteps`). */
+    function ahdDifference(phase, out) {
+        const dir = steps.choose(phase), a = steps.horizontal, b = steps.vertical, centre = 12;
         for (let c = 0; c < 3; c++)
-            rgb[c] = sh > sv ? a[3 * centre + c] : sv > sh ? b[3 * centre + c] : (a[3 * centre + c] + b[3 * centre + c]) / 2;
+            rgb[c] = dir === 0 ? a[3 * centre + c] : dir === 1 ? b[3 * centre + c] : (a[3 * centre + c] + b[3 * centre + c]) / 2;
         renderPixel(rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2], rendered);
         renderPixel(a[3 * centre], a[3 * centre + 1], a[3 * centre + 2], linear);
         for (let c = 0; c < 3; c++)
@@ -720,6 +852,19 @@ export async function renderDisplayView(setup) {
     // AHD low-signal correction: an 11 × 11 noisy neighbourhood (AHD reads up to 5 sites away) and the local AHD steps.
     const ahdCorrection = setup.ahdCorrection, windowReach = ahdCorrection ? Math.max(reach, AHD_REACH) : reach;
     const cmAverage = new Float64Array(3);
+    // #457: AHD's choice on the noise-free mosaic. Per candidate the rendered mean and the camera-channel means of the sample.
+    const candidateRendered = new Float64Array(6), candidateChannels = new Float64Array(6);
+    /** The normalized expected value of an in-raster site, clipped at white (the noise-free mosaic AHD's choice reads). */
+    const noiseFreeSite = (x, y) => { const c = (y & 1) === 0 ? ((x & 1) === 0 ? 0 : 1) : ((x & 1) === 0 ? 1 : 2), v = k[c] * (setup.signal.site(x, y) + dark[c]); return v < 1 ? v : 1; };
+    // The exact path keeps the region's columns for the whole render; the stratified estimator keeps one display pixel's
+    // footprint at a time (its samples are scattered over it), so its plane is set to each display pixel's columns.
+    let choiceRows = 1;
+    while (choiceRows < Math.ceil(sy) + 2 + 2 * AHD_REACH)
+        choiceRows *= 2;
+    const choiceX0 = Math.max(0, exactX0 - AHD_REACH), choiceColumns = exactView ? Math.min(nativeWidth - 1, exactX0 + exactWidth - 1 + AHD_REACH) - choiceX0 + 1 : Math.ceil(sx) + 2 + 2 * AHD_REACH;
+    const choicePlane = ahdCorrection ? createAhdDirectionPlane(ahdCorrection.labMatrix, nativeWidth, nativeHeight, choiceColumns, exactView ? 2 * choiceRows : choiceRows, noiseFreeSite) : undefined;
+    if (choicePlane && exactView)
+        choicePlane.origin(choiceX0);
     let correctedPixels = 0;
     // The correction of a flat neighbourhood whose sites of channel c have normalized mean μ_c, on a logarithmic grid of states
     // (AHD_KEY_STEPS per octave from 2^-AHD_KEY_OCTAVES of white); each grid state is computed once with draws seeded by the state
@@ -866,6 +1011,8 @@ export async function renderDisplayView(setup) {
                 markM = new Int32Array(slotsCount);
             }
             const mx0 = Math.floor(vx * sx) + margin, my0 = Math.floor(vy * sy) + margin;
+            if (choicePlane && !exactView)
+                choicePlane.origin(Math.max(0, mx0 - AHD_REACH));
             const mw = Math.min(frameWidth - 1, Math.ceil((vx + 1) * sx)) + margin - mx0 + 1, mh = Math.min(frameHeight - 1, Math.ceil((vy + 1) * sy)) + margin - my0 + 1;
             const pixelMemo = !exactView && setup.signal.cachesSites && mw * mh <= PIXEL_MEMO_LIMIT;
             if (pixelMemo) {
@@ -1220,6 +1367,12 @@ export async function renderDisplayView(setup) {
                     e0 += share * hm[0];
                     e1 += share * hm[1];
                     e2 += share * hm[2];
+                    candidateRendered[3 * d] = hm[0];
+                    candidateRendered[3 * d + 1] = hm[1];
+                    candidateRendered[3 * d + 2] = hm[2];
+                    candidateChannels[3 * d] = cm[0];
+                    candidateChannels[3 * d + 1] = cm[1];
+                    candidateChannels[3 * d + 2] = cm[2];
                     // Linear (Stein) part: a_c = J ∘ M[:, c]·Γ_c, accumulated with B_c·σ_c² (site variance of channel c); the pixel's own
                     // linear variance (aᵀ·C·a, full channel covariance) for the residual.
                     let l0 = 0, l1 = 0, l2 = 0;
@@ -1261,6 +1414,22 @@ export async function renderDisplayView(setup) {
                     // Two-argument maxima (inlined; the same value as one four-argument Math.max, which V8 calls with boxed arguments).
                     pixelVariance = Math.max(Math.max(pixelVariance, hv[0]), Math.max(hv[1], hv[2]));
                 }
+                // #457: AHD chooses one candidate per pixel by homogeneity. Where the scene decides that choice (structure finer than a
+                // few sites, such as a Siemens star's centre), the expected value is the chosen candidate's, not the candidates' average:
+                // the steps run on the noise-free mosaic (the expected normalized site values, clipped at white, mirrored at the raster
+                // edges as the capture's AHD reads them), and a decided direction takes that candidate's rendered mean. A tie (every flat
+                // neighbourhood, where the noise decides) keeps the average, and the low-signal correction below stays the noise's
+                // bias of a flat neighbourhood. Skipped where the two candidates' channel means are equal (the choice cannot change the
+                // value) and for one-material samples (equal up to rounding; their memo is keyed by material and phase, not by the
+                // patch). The noise terms are unchanged.
+                if (choicePlane && count === 2 && memoKey < 0 && (candidateChannels[0] !== candidateChannels[3] || candidateChannels[1] !== candidateChannels[4] || candidateChannels[2] !== candidateChannels[5])) {
+                    const direction = choicePlane.direction(x, y);
+                    if (direction !== 2) {
+                        e0 = candidateRendered[3 * direction];
+                        e1 = candidateRendered[3 * direction + 1];
+                        e2 = candidateRendered[3 * direction + 2];
+                    }
+                }
                 s0 += wE * e0;
                 s1 += wE * e1;
                 s2 += wE * e2;