@pezkuwi/util 14.0.1 → 14.0.3

package/cjs/u8a/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.u8aWrapBytes = exports.u8aUnwrapBytes = exports.u8aIsWrapped = exports.U8A_WRAP_PREFIX = exports.U8A_WRAP_POSTFIX = exports.U8A_WRAP_ETHEREUM = exports.u8aToU8a = exports.u8aToString = exports.u8aToNumber = exports.u8aToHex = exports.u8aToFloat = exports.u8aToBuffer = exports.u8aToBn = exports.u8aToBigInt = exports.u8aSorted = exports.u8aFixLength = exports.u8aEq = exports.u8aEmpty = exports.u8aConcatStrict = exports.u8aConcat = exports.u8aCmp = void 0;
+/**
+ * @summary Utility methods to convert to and from `Uint8Array` objects
+ */
+var cmp_js_1 = require("./cmp.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aCmp", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return cmp_js_1.u8aCmp; } });
+var concat_js_1 = require("./concat.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aConcat", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return concat_js_1.u8aConcat; } });
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aConcatStrict", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return concat_js_1.u8aConcatStrict; } });
+var empty_js_1 = require("./empty.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aEmpty", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return empty_js_1.u8aEmpty; } });
+var eq_js_1 = require("./eq.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aEq", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return eq_js_1.u8aEq; } });
+var fixLength_js_1 = require("./fixLength.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aFixLength", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return fixLength_js_1.u8aFixLength; } });
+var sorted_js_1 = require("./sorted.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aSorted", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return sorted_js_1.u8aSorted; } });
+var toBigInt_js_1 = require("./toBigInt.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aToBigInt", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return toBigInt_js_1.u8aToBigInt; } });
+var toBn_js_1 = require("./toBn.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aToBn", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return toBn_js_1.u8aToBn; } });
+var toBuffer_js_1 = require("./toBuffer.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aToBuffer", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return toBuffer_js_1.u8aToBuffer; } });
+var toFloat_js_1 = require("./toFloat.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aToFloat", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return toFloat_js_1.u8aToFloat; } });
+var toHex_js_1 = require("./toHex.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aToHex", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return toHex_js_1.u8aToHex; } });
+var toNumber_js_1 = require("./toNumber.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aToNumber", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return toNumber_js_1.u8aToNumber; } });
+var toString_js_1 = require("./toString.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aToString", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return toString_js_1.u8aToString; } });
+var toU8a_js_1 = require("./toU8a.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aToU8a", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return toU8a_js_1.u8aToU8a; } });
+var wrap_js_1 = require("./wrap.js");
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "U8A_WRAP_ETHEREUM", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return wrap_js_1.U8A_WRAP_ETHEREUM; } });
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "U8A_WRAP_POSTFIX", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return wrap_js_1.U8A_WRAP_POSTFIX; } });
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "U8A_WRAP_PREFIX", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return wrap_js_1.U8A_WRAP_PREFIX; } });
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aIsWrapped", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return wrap_js_1.u8aIsWrapped; } });
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aUnwrapBytes", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return wrap_js_1.u8aUnwrapBytes; } });
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "u8aWrapBytes", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return wrap_js_1.u8aWrapBytes; } });

package/cjs/u8a/sorted.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/**
+ * @name u8aSorted
+ * @summary Sorts an array of Uint8Arrays
+ * @description
+ * For input `UInt8Array[]` return the sorted result
+ * @example
+ * <BR>
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * import { u8aSorted} from '@polkadot/util';
+ *
+ * u8aSorted([new Uint8Array([0x69]), new Uint8Array([0x68])]); // [0x68, 0x69]
+ * ```
+ */
+export declare function u8aSorted(u8as: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array[];

package/cjs/u8a/sorted.js

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.u8aSorted = u8aSorted;
+const cmp_js_1 = require("./cmp.js");
+/**
+ * @name u8aSorted
+ * @summary Sorts an array of Uint8Arrays
+ * @description
+ * For input `UInt8Array[]` return the sorted result
+ * @example
+ * <BR>
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * import { u8aSorted} from '@pezkuwi/util';
+ *
+ * u8aSorted([new Uint8Array([0x69]), new Uint8Array([0x68])]); // [0x68, 0x69]
+ * ```
+ */
+function u8aSorted(u8as) {
+    return u8as.sort(cmp_js_1.u8aCmp);
+}

package/cjs/u8a/toBigInt.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import type { ToBnOptions } from '../types.js';
+/**
+ * @name u8aToBigInt
+ * @summary Creates a BigInt from a Uint8Array object.
+ */
+export declare function u8aToBigInt(value: Uint8Array, { isLe, isNegative }?: ToBnOptions): bigint;

package/cjs/u8a/toBigInt.js

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.u8aToBigInt = u8aToBigInt;
+const x_bigint_1 = require("@pezkuwi/x-bigint");
+const consts_js_1 = require("../bi/consts.js");
+const U8_MAX = (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)(256);
+const U16_MAX = (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)(256 * 256);
+const U64_MAX = (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)('0x10000000000000000');
+/**
+ * @name u8aToBigInt
+ * @summary Creates a BigInt from a Uint8Array object.
+ */
+function u8aToBigInt(value, { isLe = true, isNegative = false } = {}) {
+    // slice + reverse is expensive, however SCALE is LE by default so this is the path
+    // we are most interested in (the BE is added for the sake of being comprehensive)
+    if (!isLe) {
+        value = value.slice().reverse();
+    }
+    const count = value.length;
+    if (isNegative && count && (value[count - 1] & 0x80)) {
+        switch (count) {
+            case 0:
+                return (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)(0);
+            case 1:
+                return (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)(((value[0] ^ 0x0000_00ff) * -1) - 1);
+            case 2:
+                return (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)((((value[0] + (value[1] << 8)) ^ 0x0000_ffff) * -1) - 1);
+            case 4:
+                return (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)((((value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16) + (value[3] * 0x1_00_00_00)) ^ 0xffff_ffff) * -1) - 1);
+        }
+        const dvI = new DataView(value.buffer, value.byteOffset);
+        if (count === 8) {
+            return dvI.getBigInt64(0, true);
+        }
+        let result = (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)(0);
+        const mod = count % 2;
+        for (let i = count - 2; i >= mod; i -= 2) {
+            result = (result * U16_MAX) + (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)(dvI.getUint16(i, true) ^ 0xffff);
+        }
+        if (mod) {
+            result = (result * U8_MAX) + (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)(value[0] ^ 0xff);
+        }
+        return (result * -consts_js_1._1n) - consts_js_1._1n;
+    }
+    switch (count) {
+        case 0:
+            return (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)(0);
+        case 1:
+            return (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)(value[0]);
+        case 2:
+            return (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)(value[0] + (value[1] << 8));
+        case 4:
+            return (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)(value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16) + (value[3] * 0x1_00_00_00));
+    }
+    const dvI = new DataView(value.buffer, value.byteOffset);
+    switch (count) {
+        case 8:
+            return dvI.getBigUint64(0, true);
+        case 16:
+            return (dvI.getBigUint64(8, true) * U64_MAX) + dvI.getBigUint64(0, true);
+        default: {
+            let result = (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)(0);
+            const mod = count % 2;
+            for (let i = count - 2; i >= mod; i -= 2) {
+                result = (result * U16_MAX) + (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)(dvI.getUint16(i, true));
+            }
+            if (mod) {
+                result = (result * U8_MAX) + (0, x_bigint_1.BigInt)(value[0]);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+}

package/cjs/u8a/toBn.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import type { ToBnOptions } from '../types.js';
+import { BN } from '../bn/bn.js';
+/**
+ * @name u8aToBn
+ * @summary Creates a BN from a Uint8Array object.
+ * @description
+ * `UInt8Array` input values return the actual BN. `null` or `undefined` values returns an `0x0` value.
+ * @param value The value to convert
+ * @param options Options to pass while converting
+ * @param options.isLe Convert using Little Endian (default)
+ * @param options.isNegative Convert using two's complement
+ * @example
+ * <BR>
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * import { u8aToBn } from '@polkadot/util';
+ *
+ * u8aToHex(new Uint8Array([0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0xf])); // 0x68656c0f
+ * ```
+ */
+export declare function u8aToBn(value: Uint8Array, { isLe, isNegative }?: ToBnOptions): BN;

package/cjs/u8a/toBn.js

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.u8aToBn = u8aToBn;
+const bn_js_1 = require("../bn/bn.js");
+/**
+ * @name u8aToBn
+ * @summary Creates a BN from a Uint8Array object.
+ * @description
+ * `UInt8Array` input values return the actual BN. `null` or `undefined` values returns an `0x0` value.
+ * @param value The value to convert
+ * @param options Options to pass while converting
+ * @param options.isLe Convert using Little Endian (default)
+ * @param options.isNegative Convert using two's complement
+ * @example
+ * <BR>
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * import { u8aToBn } from '@pezkuwi/util';
+ *
+ * u8aToHex(new Uint8Array([0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0xf])); // 0x68656c0f
+ * ```
+ */
+function u8aToBn(value, { isLe = true, isNegative = false } = {}) {
+    // slice + reverse is expensive, however SCALE is LE by default so this is the path
+    // we are most interested in (the BE is added for the sake of being comprehensive)
+    if (!isLe) {
+        value = value.slice().reverse();
+    }
+    const count = value.length;
+    // shortcut for <= u48 values - in this case the manual conversion
+    // here seems to be more efficient than passing the full array
+    if (isNegative && count && (value[count - 1] & 0x80)) {
+        // Most common case i{8, 16, 32} default LE SCALE-encoded
+        // For <= 32, we also optimize the xor to a single op
+        switch (count) {
+            case 0:
+                return new bn_js_1.BN(0);
+            case 1:
+                return new bn_js_1.BN(((value[0] ^ 0x0000_00ff) * -1) - 1);
+            case 2:
+                return new bn_js_1.BN((((value[0] + (value[1] << 8)) ^ 0x0000_ffff) * -1) - 1);
+            case 3:
+                return new bn_js_1.BN((((value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16)) ^ 0x00ff_ffff) * -1) - 1);
+            case 4:
+                // for the 3rd byte, we don't << 24 - since JS converts all bitwise operators to
+                // 32-bit, in the case where the top-most bit is set this yields a negative value
+                return new bn_js_1.BN((((value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16) + (value[3] * 0x1_00_00_00)) ^ 0xffff_ffff) * -1) - 1);
+            case 5:
+                return new bn_js_1.BN(((((value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16) + (value[3] * 0x1_00_00_00)) ^ 0xffff_ffff) + ((value[4] ^ 0xff) * 0x1_00_00_00_00)) * -1) - 1);
+            case 6:
+                return new bn_js_1.BN(((((value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16) + (value[3] * 0x1_00_00_00)) ^ 0xffff_ffff) + (((value[4] + (value[5] << 8)) ^ 0x0000_ffff) * 0x1_00_00_00_00)) * -1) - 1);
+            default:
+                return new bn_js_1.BN(value, 'le').fromTwos(count * 8);
+        }
+    }
+    // Most common case - u{8, 16, 32} default LE SCALE-encoded
+    //
+    // There are some slight benefits in unrolling this specific loop,
+    // however it comes with diminishing returns since here the actual
+    // `new BN` does seem to take up the bulk of the time
+    switch (count) {
+        case 0:
+            return new bn_js_1.BN(0);
+        case 1:
+            return new bn_js_1.BN(value[0]);
+        case 2:
+            return new bn_js_1.BN(value[0] + (value[1] << 8));
+        case 3:
+            return new bn_js_1.BN(value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16));
+        case 4:
+            // for the 3rd byte, we don't << 24 - since JS converts all bitwise operators to
+            // 32-bit, in the case where the top-most bit is set this yields a negative value
+            return new bn_js_1.BN(value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16) + (value[3] * 0x1_00_00_00));
+        case 5:
+            return new bn_js_1.BN(value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16) + ((value[3] + (value[4] << 8)) * 0x1_00_00_00));
+        case 6:
+            return new bn_js_1.BN(value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16) + ((value[3] + (value[4] << 8) + (value[5] << 16)) * 0x1_00_00_00));
+        default:
+            return new bn_js_1.BN(value, 'le');
+    }
+}

package/cjs/u8a/toBuffer.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import type { BufferObject } from '../types.js';
+/**
+ * @name u8aToBuffer
+ * @summary Creates a Buffer object from a hex string.
+ * @description
+ * `null` inputs returns an empty `Buffer` result. `UInt8Array` input values return the actual bytes value converted to a `Buffer`. Anything that is not a `UInt8Array` throws an error.
+ * @example
+ * <BR>
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * import { u8aToBuffer } from '@polkadot/util';
+ *
+ * console.log('Buffer', u8aToBuffer(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])));
+ * ```
+ */
+export declare function u8aToBuffer<T = BufferObject>(value?: Uint8Array | null): T;

package/cjs/u8a/toBuffer.js

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.u8aToBuffer = u8aToBuffer;
+const x_global_1 = require("@pezkuwi/x-global");
+const has_js_1 = require("../has.js");
+/**
+ * @name u8aToBuffer
+ * @summary Creates a Buffer object from a hex string.
+ * @description
+ * `null` inputs returns an empty `Buffer` result. `UInt8Array` input values return the actual bytes value converted to a `Buffer`. Anything that is not a `UInt8Array` throws an error.
+ * @example
+ * <BR>
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * import { u8aToBuffer } from '@pezkuwi/util';
+ *
+ * console.log('Buffer', u8aToBuffer(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])));
+ * ```
+ */
+function u8aToBuffer(value) {
+    return has_js_1.hasBuffer
+        ? x_global_1.xglobal.Buffer.from(value || [])
+        : new Uint8Array(value || []);
+}

package/cjs/u8a/toFloat.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+interface Options {
+    bitLength?: 32 | 64;
+    isLe?: boolean;
+}
+/**
+ * @name u8aToFloat
+ * @description Converts a Uint8Array value into the float (either 32 or 64-bit)
+ * representation.
+ */
+export declare function u8aToFloat(value: Uint8Array, { bitLength, isLe }?: Options): number;
+export {};

package/cjs/u8a/toFloat.js

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.u8aToFloat = u8aToFloat;
+/**
+ * @name u8aToFloat
+ * @description Converts a Uint8Array value into the float (either 32 or 64-bit)
+ * representation.
+ */
+function u8aToFloat(value, { bitLength = 32, isLe = true } = {}) {
+    if (bitLength !== 32 && bitLength !== 64) {
+        throw new Error('Invalid bitLength provided, expected 32 or 64');
+    }
+    else if (value.length < (bitLength / 8)) {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid input buffer provided, expected at least ${bitLength / 8} bytes, found ${value.length}`);
+    }
+    const dv = new DataView(value.buffer, value.byteOffset);
+    return bitLength === 32
+        ? dv.getFloat32(0, isLe)
+        : dv.getFloat64(0, isLe);
+}

package/cjs/u8a/toHex.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import type { HexString } from '../types.js';
+/**
+ * @name u8aToHex
+ * @summary Creates a hex string from a Uint8Array object.
+ * @description
+ * `UInt8Array` input values return the actual hex string. `null` or `undefined` values returns an `0x` string.
+ * @example
+ * <BR>
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * import { u8aToHex } from '@polkadot/util';
+ *
+ * u8aToHex(new Uint8Array([0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0xf])); // 0x68656c0f
+ * ```
+ */
+export declare function u8aToHex(value?: Uint8Array | null, bitLength?: number, isPrefixed?: boolean): HexString;

package/cjs/u8a/toHex.js

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.u8aToHex = u8aToHex;
+const U8 = new Array(256);
+const U16 = new Array(256 * 256);
+for (let n = 0; n < 256; n++) {
+    U8[n] = n.toString(16).padStart(2, '0');
+}
+for (let i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+    const s = i << 8;
+    for (let j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
+        U16[s | j] = U8[i] + U8[j];
+    }
+}
+/** @internal */
+function hex(value, result) {
+    const mod = (value.length % 2) | 0;
+    const length = (value.length - mod) | 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i += 2) {
+        result += U16[(value[i] << 8) | value[i + 1]];
+    }
+    if (mod) {
+        result += U8[value[length] | 0];
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+/**
+ * @name u8aToHex
+ * @summary Creates a hex string from a Uint8Array object.
+ * @description
+ * `UInt8Array` input values return the actual hex string. `null` or `undefined` values returns an `0x` string.
+ * @example
+ * <BR>
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * import { u8aToHex } from '@pezkuwi/util';
+ *
+ * u8aToHex(new Uint8Array([0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0xf])); // 0x68656c0f
+ * ```
+ */
+function u8aToHex(value, bitLength = -1, isPrefixed = true) {
+    // this is not 100% correct sinmce we support isPrefixed = false....
+    const empty = isPrefixed
+        ? '0x'
+        : '';
+    if (!value?.length) {
+        return empty;
+    }
+    else if (bitLength > 0) {
+        const length = Math.ceil(bitLength / 8);
+        if (value.length > length) {
+            return `${hex(value.subarray(0, length / 2), empty)}…${hex(value.subarray(value.length - length / 2), '')}`;
+        }
+    }
+    return hex(value, empty);
+}

package/cjs/u8a/toHexBuffer.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import type { HexString } from '../types.js';
+/**
+ * @name u8aToHex
+ * @summary Creates a hex string from a Uint8Array object.
+ * @description
+ * `UInt8Array` input values return the actual hex string. `null` or `undefined` values returns an `0x` string.
+ * @example
+ * <BR>
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * import { u8aToHex } from '@polkadot/util';
+ *
+ * u8aToHex(new Uint8Array([0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0xf])); // 0x68656c0f
+ * ```
+ */
+export declare function u8aToHex(value?: Uint8Array | null, bitLength?: number, isPrefixed?: boolean): HexString;

package/cjs/u8a/toHexBuffer.js

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.u8aToHex = u8aToHex;
+/**
+ * @name u8aToHex
+ * @summary Creates a hex string from a Uint8Array object.
+ * @description
+ * `UInt8Array` input values return the actual hex string. `null` or `undefined` values returns an `0x` string.
+ * @example
+ * <BR>
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * import { u8aToHex } from '@pezkuwi/util';
+ *
+ * u8aToHex(new Uint8Array([0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0xf])); // 0x68656c0f
+ * ```
+ */
+function u8aToHex(value, bitLength = -1, isPrefixed = true) {
+    const length = Math.ceil(bitLength / 8);
+    return `${isPrefixed ? '0x' : ''}${!value?.length
+        ? ''
+        : (bitLength > 0 && value.length > length)
+            ? `${Buffer.from(value.subarray(0, length / 2)).toString('hex')}…${Buffer.from(value.subarray(value.length - length / 2)).toString('hex')}`
+            : Buffer.from(value).toString('hex')}`;
+}

package/cjs/u8a/toNumber.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import type { ToBnOptions } from '../types.js';
+/**
+ * @name u8aToNumber
+ * @summary Creates a number from a Uint8Array object.
+ */
+export declare function u8aToNumber(value: Uint8Array, { isLe, isNegative }?: ToBnOptions): number;

package/cjs/u8a/toNumber.js

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.u8aToNumber = u8aToNumber;
+/**
+ * @name u8aToNumber
+ * @summary Creates a number from a Uint8Array object.
+ */
+function u8aToNumber(value, { isLe = true, isNegative = false } = {}) {
+    // slice + reverse is expensive, however SCALE is LE by default so this is the path
+    // we are most interested in (the BE is added for the sake of being comprehensive)
+    if (!isLe) {
+        value = value.slice().reverse();
+    }
+    const count = value.length;
+    // When the value is a i{8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 40} values and the top-most bit
+    // indicates a signed value, we use a two's complement conversion. If one of these
+    // flags are not set, we just do a normal unsigned conversion (the same shortcut
+    // applies in both the u8aTo{BigInt, Bn} conversions as well)
+    if (isNegative && count && (value[count - 1] & 0x80)) {
+        switch (count) {
+            case 0:
+                return 0;
+            case 1:
+                return (((value[0] ^ 0x0000_00ff) * -1) - 1);
+            case 2:
+                return ((((value[0] + (value[1] << 8)) ^ 0x0000_ffff) * -1) - 1);
+            case 3:
+                return ((((value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16)) ^ 0x00ff_ffff) * -1) - 1);
+            case 4:
+                // for the 3rd byte, we don't << 24 - since JS converts all bitwise operators to
+                // 32-bit, in the case where the top-most bit is set this yields a negative value
+                return ((((value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16) + (value[3] * 0x1_00_00_00)) ^ 0xffff_ffff) * -1) - 1);
+            case 5:
+                return (((((value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16) + (value[3] * 0x1_00_00_00)) ^ 0xffff_ffff) + ((value[4] ^ 0xff) * 0x1_00_00_00_00)) * -1) - 1);
+            case 6:
+                return (((((value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16) + (value[3] * 0x1_00_00_00)) ^ 0xffff_ffff) + (((value[4] + (value[5] << 8)) ^ 0x0000_ffff) * 0x1_00_00_00_00)) * -1) - 1);
+            default:
+                throw new Error('Value more than 48-bits cannot be reliably converted');
+        }
+    }
+    switch (count) {
+        case 0:
+            return 0;
+        case 1:
+            return value[0];
+        case 2:
+            return value[0] + (value[1] << 8);
+        case 3:
+            return value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16);
+        case 4:
+            // for the 3rd byte, we don't << 24 - since JS converts all bitwise operators to
+            // 32-bit, in the case where the top-most bit is set this yields a negative value
+            return value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16) + (value[3] * 0x1_00_00_00);
+        case 5:
+            return value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16) + ((value[3] + (value[4] << 8)) * 0x1_00_00_00);
+        case 6:
+            return value[0] + (value[1] << 8) + (value[2] << 16) + ((value[3] + (value[4] << 8) + (value[5] << 16)) * 0x1_00_00_00);
+        default:
+            throw new Error('Value more than 48-bits cannot be reliably converted');
+    }
+}

package/cjs/u8a/toString.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/**
+ * @name u8aToString
+ * @summary Creates a utf-8 string from a Uint8Array object.
+ * @description
+ * `UInt8Array` input values return the actual decoded utf-8 string. `null` or `undefined` values returns an empty string.
+ * @example
+ * <BR>
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * import { u8aToString } from '@polkadot/util';
+ *
+ * u8aToString(new Uint8Array([0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f])); // hello
+ * ```
+ */
+export declare function u8aToString(value?: Uint8Array | null): string;

package/cjs/u8a/toString.js

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.u8aToString = u8aToString;
+const x_textdecoder_1 = require("@pezkuwi/x-textdecoder");
+const decoder = new x_textdecoder_1.TextDecoder('utf-8');
+/**
+ * @name u8aToString
+ * @summary Creates a utf-8 string from a Uint8Array object.
+ * @description
+ * `UInt8Array` input values return the actual decoded utf-8 string. `null` or `undefined` values returns an empty string.
+ * @example
+ * <BR>
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * import { u8aToString } from '@pezkuwi/util';
+ *
+ * u8aToString(new Uint8Array([0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f])); // hello
+ * ```
+ */
+function u8aToString(value) {
+    return value
+        ? decoder.decode(value)
+        : '';
+}

package/cjs/u8a/toU8a.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import type { U8aLike } from '../types.js';
+/**
+ * @name u8aToU8a
+ * @summary Creates a Uint8Array value from a Uint8Array, Buffer, string or hex input.
+ * @description
+ * `null` or `undefined` inputs returns a `[]` result, Uint8Array values returns the value, hex strings returns a Uint8Array representation.
+ * If `strict` is true, `null` or `undefined` will throw an error instead of returning an empty array.
+ * Supports input types: Uint8Array, Buffer, hex string, string, or number array.
+ * @example
+ * <BR>
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * import { u8aToU8a } from '@polkadot/util';
+ *
+ * u8aToU8a(new Uint8Array([0x12, 0x34]); // => Uint8Array([0x12, 0x34])
+ * u8aToU8a(0x1234); // => Uint8Array([0x12, 0x34])
+ * ```
+ */
+export declare function u8aToU8a(value?: U8aLike | null, strict?: boolean): Uint8Array;

package/cjs/u8a/toU8a.js

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+exports.u8aToU8a = u8aToU8a;
+const toU8a_js_1 = require("../hex/toU8a.js");
+const buffer_js_1 = require("../is/buffer.js");
+const hex_js_1 = require("../is/hex.js");
+const u8a_js_1 = require("../is/u8a.js");
+const toU8a_js_2 = require("../string/toU8a.js");
+/**
+ * @name u8aToU8a
+ * @summary Creates a Uint8Array value from a Uint8Array, Buffer, string or hex input.
+ * @description
+ * `null` or `undefined` inputs returns a `[]` result, Uint8Array values returns the value, hex strings returns a Uint8Array representation.
+ * If `strict` is true, `null` or `undefined` will throw an error instead of returning an empty array.
+ * Supports input types: Uint8Array, Buffer, hex string, string, or number array.
+ * @example
+ * <BR>
+ *
+ * ```javascript
+ * import { u8aToU8a } from '@pezkuwi/util';
+ *
+ * u8aToU8a(new Uint8Array([0x12, 0x34]); // => Uint8Array([0x12, 0x34])
+ * u8aToU8a(0x1234); // => Uint8Array([0x12, 0x34])
+ * ```
+ */
+function u8aToU8a(value, strict = false) {
+    if (strict && (value === null || value === undefined)) {
+        throw new Error('u8aToU8a: Expected non-null, non-undefined value');
+    }
+    return (0, u8a_js_1.isU8a)(value)
+        // NOTE isBuffer needs to go here since it actually extends
+        // Uint8Array on Node.js environments, so all Buffer are Uint8Array,
+        // but Uint8Array is not Buffer
+        ? (0, buffer_js_1.isBuffer)(value)
+            ? new Uint8Array(value)
+            : value
+        : (0, hex_js_1.isHex)(value)
+            ? (0, toU8a_js_1.hexToU8a)(value)
+            : Array.isArray(value)
+                ? new Uint8Array(value)
+                : (0, toU8a_js_2.stringToU8a)(value);
+}

package/cjs/u8a/wrap.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import type { U8aLike } from '../types.js';
+/** @internal */
+export declare const U8A_WRAP_ETHEREUM: Uint8Array;
+/** @internal */
+export declare const U8A_WRAP_PREFIX: Uint8Array;
+/** @internal */
+export declare const U8A_WRAP_POSTFIX: Uint8Array;
+/** @internal */
+export declare function u8aIsWrapped(u8a: Uint8Array, withEthereum: boolean): boolean;
+/**
+ * @name u8aUnwrapBytes
+ * @description Removes all <Bytes>...</Bytes> wrappers from the supplied value
+ */
+export declare function u8aUnwrapBytes(bytes: U8aLike): Uint8Array;
+/**
+ * @name u8aWrapBytes
+ * @description
+ * Adds a <Bytes>...</Bytes> wrapper to the supplied value, if
+ * - We don't already have a Bytes wrapper
+ * - The message is not an Ethereum-style message
+ */
+export declare function u8aWrapBytes(bytes: U8aLike): Uint8Array;