@peerbits/fhir-observation-generator 1.0.0

package/LICENSE

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+                                 Apache License
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package/README.md

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+# @peerbits/fhir-observation-generator
+
+> Lightweight, dependency-free FHIR R4 Observation generator for normalized RPM device readings.
+
+[![License: Apache-2.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-blue.svg)](./LICENSE)
+[![Node](https://img.shields.io/badge/node-%3E%3D20-brightgreen.svg)](#3-local-installation)
+[![FHIR](https://img.shields.io/badge/FHIR-R4-orange.svg)](https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/)
+[![CI](https://github.com/PeerbitsSolution/fhir-observation-generator/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/PeerbitsSolution/fhir-observation-generator/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+[![TypeScript](https://img.shields.io/badge/TypeScript-Strict-3178C6.svg)](https://www.typescriptlang.org/)
+
+**Category:** RPM — Device & Observation Utilities · **License:** Apache-2.0 · **Status:** alpha
+
+---
+
+## Table of contents
+
+1. [What problem does this solve?](#1-what-problem-does-this-solve)
+2. [Features](#2-features)
+3. [Local installation](#3-local-installation)
+4. [Quick Start](#4-quick-start)
+5. [Architecture](#5-architecture)
+6. [Example Usage](#6-example-usage)
+7. [Safety and validation](#7-safety-and-validation)
+8. [Roadmap](#8-roadmap)
+9. [Contributing & Testing](#9-contributing--testing)
+10. [License](#10-license)
+11. [About PeerbitsSolution](#11-about-peerbitssolution)
+
+---
+
+## 1. What problem does this solve?
+Every Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) program must transform raw device data into FHIR Observation resources before it enters an EHR or clinical data repository.
+This library provides a focused, auditable conversion layer for the supported vital types, units, and Observation structures.
+
+## 2. Features
+
+- **7 Core RPM Vital Types Supported:** Blood pressure, heart rate, body weight, SpO2, body temperature, blood glucose, and respiratory rate.
+- **Component-Based Blood Pressure:** Generates exactly one Observation with systolic (`8480-6`) and diastolic (`8462-4`) components under panel LOINC `85354-9`.
+- **Verified UCUM Unit Conversion:** Converts raw units (e.g. °F to °C, lbs to kg, mg/dL to mmol/L) using standard reference formulas.
+- **Single Source LOINC Mapping:** Fully auditable table of codes (`http://loinc.org`) and FHIR categories (`vital-signs`).
+- **Structural Self-Check:** Built-in validation for essential Observation fields (`status`, `category`, `code`, `subject`, `effectiveDateTime`, `valueQuantity`/`component`).
+- **Zero Runtime Dependencies:** Lightweight, pure TypeScript transformation engine suitable for browser, Node.js, and edge environments.
+
+## 3. Local installation
+
+### Via npm
+
+```bash
+npm install @peerbits/fhir-observation-generator
+```
+
+> **ESM only.** This package ships as native ESM (`"type": "module"`), zero runtime dependencies. Use `import`, not `require`. CommonJS projects can still consume it via a dynamic `await import("@peerbits/fhir-observation-generator")`.
+
+### From source
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/PeerbitsSolution/fhir-observation-generator.git
+cd fhir-observation-generator
+npm ci
+npm run build
+```
+
+## 4. Quick Start
+
+### Before (Raw RPM Device Reading JSON)
+
+```json
+{
+  "deviceType": "blood-pressure",
+  "value": {
+    "systolic": 120,
+    "diastolic": 80
+  },
+  "unit": "mmHg",
+  "timestamp": "2026-08-06T08:30:00Z",
+  "patientRef": "Patient/pat-rpm-101",
+  "deviceId": "Device/bp-cuff-9021"
+}
+```
+
+### Conversion Code
+
+```typescript
+import { toObservation, type DeviceReading } from "@peerbits/fhir-observation-generator";
+
+const reading: DeviceReading = {
+  deviceType: "blood-pressure",
+  value: { systolic: 120, diastolic: 80 },
+  unit: "mmHg",
+  timestamp: "2026-08-06T08:30:00Z",
+  patientRef: "Patient/pat-rpm-101",
+  deviceId: "Device/bp-cuff-9021",
+};
+
+const observation = toObservation(reading, { validate: true });
+```
+
+### After (Generated FHIR R4 Observation Resource)
+
+```json
+{
+  "resourceType": "Observation",
+  "status": "final",
+  "category": [
+    {
+      "coding": [
+        {
+          "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category",
+          "code": "vital-signs",
+          "display": "Vital Signs"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "code": {
+    "coding": [
+      {
+        "system": "http://loinc.org",
+        "code": "85354-9",
+        "display": "Blood pressure panel with all children optional"
+      }
+    ],
+    "text": "Blood pressure panel with all children optional"
+  },
+  "subject": {
+    "reference": "Patient/pat-rpm-101"
+  },
+  "effectiveDateTime": "2026-08-06T08:30:00Z",
+  "device": {
+    "reference": "Device/bp-cuff-9021"
+  },
+  "component": [
+    {
+      "code": {
+        "coding": [
+          {
+            "system": "http://loinc.org",
+            "code": "8480-6",
+            "display": "Systolic blood pressure"
+          }
+        ],
+        "text": "Systolic blood pressure"
+      },
+      "valueQuantity": {
+        "value": 120,
+        "unit": "mmHg",
+        "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
+        "code": "mm[Hg]"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "code": {
+        "coding": [
+          {
+            "system": "http://loinc.org",
+            "code": "8462-4",
+            "display": "Diastolic blood pressure"
+          }
+        ],
+        "text": "Diastolic blood pressure"
+      },
+      "valueQuantity": {
+        "value": 80,
+        "unit": "mmHg",
+        "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
+        "code": "mm[Hg]"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+## 5. Architecture
+
+The library is organized into decoupled, single-responsibility modules:
+
+- `src/types.ts`: `DeviceReading`, `GeneratorConfig`, and FHIR Observation / Bundle interfaces.
+- `src/loinc-map.ts`: Centralized LOINC coding catalog (`LOINC_MAP`) mapping each vital type to LOINC codes, display labels, and categories. See [docs/LOINC_REFERENCE.md](./docs/LOINC_REFERENCE.md).
+- `src/units.ts`: Exact UCUM conversion functions (`convertUnit`, `normalizeUcumUnit`).
+- `src/generators/`: Individual per-vital generators (`blood-pressure.ts`, `heart-rate.ts`, `weight.ts`, `spo2.ts`, `temperature.ts`, `glucose.ts`, `respiratory-rate.ts`) and main `toObservation` dispatcher.
+- `src/validate.ts`: Lightweight structural validation (`validateObservation`).
+- `src/bundle.ts`: Transaction bundle compiler (`readingsToBundle`).
+
+## 6. Example Usage
+
+Full runnable code examples are available under `docs/examples/`:
+
+- [Basic Conversion Example](./docs/examples/basic-conversion): Single reading conversion and temperature unit handling.
+- [Batch with fhir-client](./docs/examples/batch-with-fhir-client): Transaction bundle generation and composition with [`@peerbits/fhir-client`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@peerbits/fhir-client).
+
+## 7. Safety and validation
+
+- The library accepts only its documented source units and supported conversions. Unsupported or incompatible units, `NaN`, and infinite measurements throw an error rather than being relabeled.
+- `validateObservation` is a lightweight structural check; validate generated resources against the FHIR profile required by your receiving system before production submission.
+- This package is a data-transformation utility, not medical advice, a diagnostic tool, or a clinical decision-support system. Integrators remain responsible for device-data quality, clinical review, and regulatory obligations.
+
+## 8. Roadmap
+
+- [ ] Additional vital types (e.g. Body Mass Index / BMI, Body Height, Heart Rate Variability / HRV).
+- [ ] Official HL7 FHIR / US Core Validator integration support.
+- [ ] Support for continuous streaming device reading series.
+
+## 9. Contributing & Testing
+
+See [CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md) for local setup, tests, build, and package checks.
+
+## 10. License
+
+Apache License 2.0 — see [LICENSE](./LICENSE).
+
+## 11. About PeerbitsSolution
+
+`@peerbits/fhir-observation-generator` is part of the [PeerbitsSolution HealthTech Open Source](https://github.com/PeerbitsSolution) initiative—reusable engineering components extracted from our healthcare technology work. This repository contains generalized, reusable logic only; it is not tied to any specific client engagement or commercial product.

package/dist/bundle.d.ts

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+/**
+ * Batch / Bundle Generator for @peerbits/fhir-observation-generator.
+ *
+ * Converts an array of DeviceReading objects into a FHIR R4 transaction Bundle.
+ * Formatted for direct execution with @peerbits/fhir-client's batch/transaction builder.
+ */
+import { DeviceReading, FhirBundle, GeneratorConfig } from "./types.js";
+export declare function readingsToBundle(readings: DeviceReading[], config?: GeneratorConfig): FhirBundle;

package/dist/bundle.js

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+/**
+ * Batch / Bundle Generator for @peerbits/fhir-observation-generator.
+ *
+ * Converts an array of DeviceReading objects into a FHIR R4 transaction Bundle.
+ * Formatted for direct execution with @peerbits/fhir-client's batch/transaction builder.
+ */
+import { toObservation } from "./generators/index.js";
+export function readingsToBundle(readings, config) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(readings)) {
+        throw new Error("Invalid input to readingsToBundle: expected array of DeviceReading objects");
+    }
+    const entries = readings.map((reading) => {
+        const observation = toObservation(reading, config);
+        return {
+            resource: observation,
+            request: {
+                method: "POST",
+                url: "Observation",
+            },
+        };
+    });
+    return {
+        resourceType: "Bundle",
+        type: "transaction",
+        entry: entries,
+    };
+}

package/dist/generators/blood-pressure.d.ts

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+/**
+ * Blood Pressure Observation Generator.
+ *
+ * Grounded in FHIR R4 and US Core Blood Pressure Profile:
+ * Produces EXACTLY ONE Observation resource with systolic and diastolic
+ * represented as component elements within the same Observation, NEVER as two separate Observations.
+ */
+import { DeviceReading, FhirObservation, GeneratorConfig } from "../types.js";
+export declare function bloodPressureToObservation(reading: DeviceReading, config?: GeneratorConfig): FhirObservation;

package/dist/generators/blood-pressure.js

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+/**
+ * Blood Pressure Observation Generator.
+ *
+ * Grounded in FHIR R4 and US Core Blood Pressure Profile:
+ * Produces EXACTLY ONE Observation resource with systolic and diastolic
+ * represented as component elements within the same Observation, NEVER as two separate Observations.
+ */
+import { LOINC_MAP, LOINC_BP_SYSTOLIC, LOINC_BP_DIASTOLIC, LOINC_SYSTEM, UCUM_SYSTEM, formatCategory, } from "../loinc-map.js";
+import { convertUnit } from "../units.js";
+import { validateObservation } from "../validate.js";
+export function bloodPressureToObservation(reading, config) {
+    if (reading.deviceType !== "blood-pressure") {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid deviceType for blood pressure generator: expected 'blood-pressure', got '${reading.deviceType}'`);
+    }
+    let systolic;
+    let diastolic;
+    if (typeof reading.value === "object" &&
+        reading.value !== null &&
+        "systolic" in reading.value &&
+        "diastolic" in reading.value) {
+        const bpVal = reading.value;
+        systolic = bpVal.systolic;
+        diastolic = bpVal.diastolic;
+    }
+    else if (typeof reading.value === "string") {
+        const parts = reading.value.split("/");
+        if (parts.length === 2 && !isNaN(Number(parts[0])) && !isNaN(Number(parts[1]))) {
+            systolic = Number(parts[0]);
+            diastolic = Number(parts[1]);
+        }
+        else {
+            throw new Error(`Invalid blood pressure reading string format: '${reading.value}'. Expected '120/80'.`);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid blood pressure value structure. Expected { systolic: number, diastolic: number }, got ${JSON.stringify(reading.value)}`);
+    }
+    const mapping = LOINC_MAP["blood-pressure"];
+    const targetUnit = config?.targetUnit || mapping.defaultUcumUnit;
+    const systolicConv = convertUnit(systolic, reading.unit, targetUnit);
+    const diastolicConv = convertUnit(diastolic, reading.unit, targetUnit);
+    const observation = {
+        resourceType: "Observation",
+        status: config?.status || "final",
+        category: formatCategory(mapping.category),
+        code: {
+            coding: [
+                {
+                    system: LOINC_SYSTEM,
+                    code: mapping.loincCode,
+                    display: mapping.display,
+                },
+            ],
+            text: mapping.display,
+        },
+        subject: {
+            reference: reading.patientRef,
+        },
+        effectiveDateTime: reading.timestamp,
+        ...(reading.deviceId ? { device: { reference: reading.deviceId } } : {}),
+        component: [
+            {
+                code: {
+                    coding: [
+                        {
+                            system: LOINC_SYSTEM,
+                            code: LOINC_BP_SYSTOLIC.loincCode,
+                            display: LOINC_BP_SYSTOLIC.display,
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    text: LOINC_BP_SYSTOLIC.display,
+                },
+                valueQuantity: {
+                    value: systolicConv.value,
+                    unit: systolicConv.unit,
+                    system: UCUM_SYSTEM,
+                    code: systolicConv.ucumCode,
+                },
+            },
+            {
+                code: {
+                    coding: [
+                        {
+                            system: LOINC_SYSTEM,
+                            code: LOINC_BP_DIASTOLIC.loincCode,
+                            display: LOINC_BP_DIASTOLIC.display,
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    text: LOINC_BP_DIASTOLIC.display,
+                },
+                valueQuantity: {
+                    value: diastolicConv.value,
+                    unit: diastolicConv.unit,
+                    system: UCUM_SYSTEM,
+                    code: diastolicConv.ucumCode,
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+    };
+    if (config?.validate) {
+        const result = validateObservation(observation);
+        if (!result.valid) {
+            throw new Error(`Structural validation failed for blood pressure observation: ${result.errors.join(", ")}`);
+        }
+    }
+    return observation;
+}

package/dist/generators/glucose.d.ts

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+/**
+ * Blood Glucose Observation Generator.
+ */
+import { DeviceReading, FhirObservation, GeneratorConfig } from "../types.js";
+export declare function glucoseToObservation(reading: DeviceReading, config?: GeneratorConfig): FhirObservation;

package/dist/generators/glucose.js

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+/**
+ * Blood Glucose Observation Generator.
+ */
+import { LOINC_MAP, LOINC_SYSTEM, UCUM_SYSTEM, formatCategory } from "../loinc-map.js";
+import { convertUnit } from "../units.js";
+import { validateObservation } from "../validate.js";
+export function glucoseToObservation(reading, config) {
+    if (reading.deviceType !== "glucose") {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid deviceType for glucose generator: expected 'glucose', got '${reading.deviceType}'`);
+    }
+    if (typeof reading.value !== "number") {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid glucose value: expected number, got ${typeof reading.value}`);
+    }
+    const mapping = LOINC_MAP["glucose"];
+    const targetUnit = config?.targetUnit || mapping.defaultUcumUnit;
+    const conv = convertUnit(reading.value, reading.unit, targetUnit);
+    const observation = {
+        resourceType: "Observation",
+        status: config?.status || "final",
+        category: formatCategory(mapping.category),
+        code: {
+            coding: [
+                {
+                    system: LOINC_SYSTEM,
+                    code: mapping.loincCode,
+                    display: mapping.display,
+                },
+            ],
+            text: mapping.display,
+        },
+        subject: {
+            reference: reading.patientRef,
+        },
+        effectiveDateTime: reading.timestamp,
+        ...(reading.deviceId ? { device: { reference: reading.deviceId } } : {}),
+        valueQuantity: {
+            value: conv.value,
+            unit: conv.unit,
+            system: UCUM_SYSTEM,
+            code: conv.ucumCode,
+        },
+    };
+    if (config?.validate) {
+        const result = validateObservation(observation);
+        if (!result.valid) {
+            throw new Error(`Structural validation failed for glucose observation: ${result.errors.join(", ")}`);
+        }
+    }
+    return observation;
+}

package/dist/generators/heart-rate.d.ts

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+/**
+ * Heart Rate Observation Generator.
+ */
+import { DeviceReading, FhirObservation, GeneratorConfig } from "../types.js";
+export declare function heartRateToObservation(reading: DeviceReading, config?: GeneratorConfig): FhirObservation;

package/dist/generators/heart-rate.js

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+/**
+ * Heart Rate Observation Generator.
+ */
+import { LOINC_MAP, LOINC_SYSTEM, UCUM_SYSTEM, formatCategory } from "../loinc-map.js";
+import { convertUnit } from "../units.js";
+import { validateObservation } from "../validate.js";
+export function heartRateToObservation(reading, config) {
+    if (reading.deviceType !== "heart-rate") {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid deviceType for heart rate generator: expected 'heart-rate', got '${reading.deviceType}'`);
+    }
+    if (typeof reading.value !== "number") {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid heart rate value: expected number, got ${typeof reading.value}`);
+    }
+    const mapping = LOINC_MAP["heart-rate"];
+    const targetUnit = config?.targetUnit || mapping.defaultUcumUnit;
+    const conv = convertUnit(reading.value, reading.unit, targetUnit);
+    const observation = {
+        resourceType: "Observation",
+        status: config?.status || "final",
+        category: formatCategory(mapping.category),
+        code: {
+            coding: [
+                {
+                    system: LOINC_SYSTEM,
+                    code: mapping.loincCode,
+                    display: mapping.display,
+                },
+            ],
+            text: mapping.display,
+        },
+        subject: {
+            reference: reading.patientRef,
+        },
+        effectiveDateTime: reading.timestamp,
+        ...(reading.deviceId ? { device: { reference: reading.deviceId } } : {}),
+        valueQuantity: {
+            value: conv.value,
+            unit: conv.unit,
+            system: UCUM_SYSTEM,
+            code: conv.ucumCode,
+        },
+    };
+    if (config?.validate) {
+        const result = validateObservation(observation);
+        if (!result.valid) {
+            throw new Error(`Structural validation failed for heart rate observation: ${result.errors.join(", ")}`);
+        }
+    }
+    return observation;
+}

package/dist/generators/index.d.ts

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+/**
+ * Per-vital FHIR Observation generators index and generic dispatcher.
+ */
+import { DeviceReading, FhirObservation, GeneratorConfig } from "../types.js";
+import { bloodPressureToObservation } from "./blood-pressure.js";
+import { heartRateToObservation } from "./heart-rate.js";
+import { weightToObservation } from "./weight.js";
+import { spo2ToObservation } from "./spo2.js";
+import { temperatureToObservation } from "./temperature.js";
+import { glucoseToObservation } from "./glucose.js";
+import { respiratoryRateToObservation } from "./respiratory-rate.js";
+export { bloodPressureToObservation, heartRateToObservation, weightToObservation, spo2ToObservation, temperatureToObservation, glucoseToObservation, respiratoryRateToObservation, };
+/**
+ * Generic dispatcher that maps any supported DeviceReading to a FHIR Observation
+ * based on reading.deviceType.
+ */
+export declare function toObservation(reading: DeviceReading, config?: GeneratorConfig): FhirObservation;

package/dist/generators/index.js

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+/**
+ * Per-vital FHIR Observation generators index and generic dispatcher.
+ */
+import { bloodPressureToObservation } from "./blood-pressure.js";
+import { heartRateToObservation } from "./heart-rate.js";
+import { weightToObservation } from "./weight.js";
+import { spo2ToObservation } from "./spo2.js";
+import { temperatureToObservation } from "./temperature.js";
+import { glucoseToObservation } from "./glucose.js";
+import { respiratoryRateToObservation } from "./respiratory-rate.js";
+export { bloodPressureToObservation, heartRateToObservation, weightToObservation, spo2ToObservation, temperatureToObservation, glucoseToObservation, respiratoryRateToObservation, };
+/**
+ * Generic dispatcher that maps any supported DeviceReading to a FHIR Observation
+ * based on reading.deviceType.
+ */
+export function toObservation(reading, config) {
+    if (!reading || !reading.deviceType) {
+        throw new Error("Invalid reading: deviceType property is required");
+    }
+    switch (reading.deviceType) {
+        case "blood-pressure":
+            return bloodPressureToObservation(reading, config);
+        case "heart-rate":
+            return heartRateToObservation(reading, config);
+        case "weight":
+            return weightToObservation(reading, config);
+        case "spo2":
+            return spo2ToObservation(reading, config);
+        case "temperature":
+            return temperatureToObservation(reading, config);
+        case "glucose":
+            return glucoseToObservation(reading, config);
+        case "respiratory-rate":
+            return respiratoryRateToObservation(reading, config);
+        default:
+            throw new Error(`Unsupported deviceType: '${reading.deviceType}'`);
+    }
+}

package/dist/generators/respiratory-rate.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+/**
+ * Respiratory Rate Observation Generator.
+ */
+import { DeviceReading, FhirObservation, GeneratorConfig } from "../types.js";
+export declare function respiratoryRateToObservation(reading: DeviceReading, config?: GeneratorConfig): FhirObservation;