@payez/next-mvp 4.1.9 → 4.1.11

package/src/middleware/create-middleware.ts

@@ -1,663 +1,663 @@
-/**
- * MVP Middleware - Authentication & Route Protection
- *
- * Creates a Next.js middleware handler that protects routes based on:
- * - Authentication status (session cookie → Redis viability check)
- * - 2FA completion status
- * - RBAC permissions (if enabled)
- *
- * Usage: Export the result from your app's middleware.ts:
- *   export default createMvpMiddleware();
- *
- * With custom options:
- *   export default createMvpMiddleware({
- *     circuitBreaker: myCircuitBreaker,
- *     logger: myLogger,
- *     viabilityEndpoint: '/api/session/refresh-viability',
- *   });
- */
-
-import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server';
-import { isUnauthenticatedRoute, should2FABypass } from '../auth/route-config';
-import { getInternalApiUrl } from '../edge/internal-api-url';
-import { getSessionCookieName, getSecureSessionCookieName } from '../lib/app-slug';
-import { checkPagePermission, isRBACEnabled } from './rbac-check';
-
-// =============================================================================
-// TYPES
-// =============================================================================
-
-export interface AuthContext {
-  pathname: string;
-  isPublicRoute: boolean;
-  isLoginPage: boolean;
-  searchParams: URLSearchParams;
-  sessionPointer: SessionPointer;
-  sessionStatus: SessionStatus;
-  circuitBreakerOpen: boolean;
-}
-
-export interface SessionPointer {
-  exists: boolean;
-  sessionToken?: string;
-  expired?: boolean;
-  hasRefreshToken?: boolean;
-  roles: string[];
-  clientId: string;
-}
-
-export interface SessionStatus {
-  exists: boolean | null;       // null = check failed/timeout
-  forceInvalid: boolean | null; // null = check failed/timeout
-  requires2FA: boolean;
-  twoFactorComplete: boolean;
-}
-
-export type AuthAction =
-  | { type: 'allow' }
-  | { type: 'redirect'; location: string; reason: string; clearCookies?: boolean }
-  | { type: 'service_error'; reason: string }
-  | { type: 'refresh_needed' };
-
-// =============================================================================
-// CIRCUIT BREAKER INTERFACE
-// =============================================================================
-
-/**
- * Circuit breaker interface for middleware integration.
- * Implement this to provide custom circuit breaker behavior.
- */
-export interface CircuitBreakerProvider {
-  /** Check if circuit breaker is currently open */
-  isOpen(): boolean;
-  /** Check if a refresh attempt is allowed (for HALF_OPEN state) */
-  canAttemptRefresh(): boolean;
-  /** Record a successful operation (closes the breaker) */
-  recordSuccess(): void;
-  /** Record a failed operation (may open the breaker) */
-  recordFailure(error?: Error): void;
-  /** Check if an error is a network error (vs HTTP error) */
-  isNetworkError(error: any): boolean;
-}
-
-/**
- * Logger interface for middleware.
- * Implement this to provide custom logging.
- */
-export interface MiddlewareLogger {
-  info(message: string, data?: Record<string, any>): void;
-  warn(message: string, data?: Record<string, any>): void;
-  error(message: string, data?: Record<string, any>): void;
-}
-
-/**
- * Configuration options for createMvpMiddleware
- */
-export interface MvpMiddlewareOptions {
-  /** Custom circuit breaker implementation */
-  circuitBreaker?: CircuitBreakerProvider;
-  /** Custom logger implementation */
-  logger?: MiddlewareLogger;
-  /** Custom viability check endpoint (default: /api/session/viability) */
-  viabilityEndpoint?: string;
-  /** Custom refresh endpoint (default: /api/auth/refresh) */
-  refreshEndpoint?: string;
-  /** Hook called on successful refresh */
-  onRefreshSuccess?: () => void;
-  /** Hook called on refresh failure */
-  onRefreshFailure?: (status: number, isNetworkError: boolean) => void;
-  /** Additional paths to bypass middleware (beyond /api/auth/ and /api/session/) */
-  bypassPaths?: string[];
-  /** Paths exempt from RBAC checks (auth still enforced, just no page-permission check) */
-  rbacExemptPaths?: string[];
-}
-
-// =============================================================================
-// DEFAULT IMPLEMENTATIONS
-// =============================================================================
-
-/** Default no-op circuit breaker (always closed) */
-const defaultCircuitBreaker: CircuitBreakerProvider = {
-  isOpen: () => false,
-  canAttemptRefresh: () => true,
-  recordSuccess: () => {},
-  recordFailure: () => {},
-  isNetworkError: (error: any) => {
-    return error?.cause?.code === 'ECONNREFUSED' ||
-           error?.code === 'ECONNREFUSED' ||
-           error?.message?.includes('ECONNREFUSED') ||
-           error?.message?.includes('fetch failed') ||
-           error?.message?.includes('ENOTFOUND') ||
-           error?.message?.includes('ETIMEDOUT') ||
-           error?.message?.includes('ECONNRESET');
-  }
-};
-
-/** Default console logger */
-const defaultLogger: MiddlewareLogger = {
-  info: (msg, data) => console.log(`[MIDDLEWARE] ${msg}`, data || ''),
-  warn: (msg, data) => console.warn(`[MIDDLEWARE] ${msg}`, data || ''),
-  error: (msg, data) => console.error(`[MIDDLEWARE] ${msg}`, data || ''),
-};
-
-// =============================================================================
-// HELPERS
-// =============================================================================
-
-const LOGIN_PAGE = '/account-auth/login';
-const VERIFY_CODE_PAGE = '/account-auth/verify-code';
-
-function isLoginPage(pathname: string): boolean {
-  return pathname === LOGIN_PAGE;
-}
-
-/** Ensures callback URLs never point to auth pages (prevents redirect loops) */
-function getSafeCallbackUrl(pathname: string, searchParams?: URLSearchParams): string {
-  if (pathname.startsWith('/account-auth/')) {
-    return '/';
-  }
-  const existing = searchParams?.get('callbackUrl');
-  if (existing && !existing.startsWith('/account-auth/')) {
-    return existing;
-  }
-  return pathname;
-}
-
-/** Clear all session cookies on a response */
-function clearSessionCookies(response: NextResponse, request: NextRequest): void {
-  const sessionCookie = getSessionCookieName();
-  const secureCookie = getSecureSessionCookieName();
-
-  // Clear main cookies
-  response.cookies.set(sessionCookie, '', { path: '/', expires: new Date(0), httpOnly: true, sameSite: 'lax' });
-  response.cookies.set(secureCookie, '', { path: '/', expires: new Date(0), httpOnly: true, sameSite: 'lax', secure: true });
-
-  // Clear any chunked cookies (NextAuth chunks large cookies)
-  for (const [name] of request.cookies) {
-    if (name.startsWith(`${sessionCookie}.`) || name.startsWith(`${secureCookie}.`)) {
-      const isSecure = name.startsWith('__Secure-');
-      response.cookies.set(name, '', {
-        path: '/',
-        expires: new Date(0),
-        httpOnly: true,
-        sameSite: 'lax',
-        ...(isSecure && { secure: true })
-      });
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/** Create redirect response, optionally clearing cookies */
-function redirectTo(
-  request: NextRequest,
-  location: string,
-  clearCookies = false
-): NextResponse {
-  const response = NextResponse.redirect(new URL(location, request.url));
-  if (clearCookies) {
-    clearSessionCookies(response, request);
-  }
-  return response;
-}
-
-// =============================================================================
-// AUTH DECISION ENGINE
-// =============================================================================
-
-/**
- * Pure function that determines what action to take based on auth state.
- * No side effects - just examines context and returns a decision.
- */
-function makeAuthDecision(ctx: AuthContext): AuthAction {
-  const { pathname, isPublicRoute, isLoginPage: onLoginPage, searchParams, sessionPointer, sessionStatus, circuitBreakerOpen } = ctx;
-  const safeCallback = getSafeCallbackUrl(pathname);
-
-  // --- Public routes: Allow, but enforce 2FA for authenticated users ---
-  if (isPublicRoute && !onLoginPage) {
-    if (needsTwoFactorRedirect(pathname, sessionPointer, sessionStatus)) {
-      return redirect2FA(safeCallback);
-    }
-    return { type: 'allow' };
-  }
-
-  // --- Circuit breaker open: Service degraded ---
-  if (circuitBreakerOpen) {
-    if (onLoginPage) return { type: 'allow' };
-    return {
-      type: 'redirect',
-      location: `${LOGIN_PAGE}?error=ServiceUnavailable`,
-      reason: 'circuit_breaker_open',
-      clearCookies: true
-    };
-  }
-
-  // --- No session cookie: Need to login ---
-  if (!sessionPointer.exists) {
-    if (onLoginPage) return { type: 'allow' };
-    if (pathname === '/') {
-      const unauthUrl = process.env.UNAUTHENTICATED_REDIRECT_URL || '/account-auth/login';
-      return { type: 'redirect', location: unauthUrl, reason: 'unauthenticated_root' };
-    }
-    if (pathname.startsWith('/api/')) {
-      return { type: 'allow' }; // Let API return proper 401 JSON
-    }
-    return {
-      type: 'redirect',
-      location: `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}`,
-      reason: 'no_session'
-    };
-  }
-
-  // --- Service error: Can't verify session ---
-  if (sessionStatus.exists === null || sessionStatus.forceInvalid === null) {
-    return { type: 'service_error', reason: 'viability_check_failed' };
-  }
-
-  // --- Session force-invalidated (admin action, password change, etc.) ---
-  if (sessionStatus.forceInvalid) {
-    if (onLoginPage) return { type: 'allow' };
-    if (pathname.startsWith('/api/')) return { type: 'allow' };
-    return {
-      type: 'redirect',
-      location: `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}&reason=invalidated`,
-      reason: 'force_invalidated',
-      clearCookies: true
-    };
-  }
-
-  // --- Stale session (cookie exists but Redis entry gone) ---
-  if (!sessionStatus.exists) {
-    if (onLoginPage) return { type: 'allow' };
-    if (pathname.startsWith('/api/')) return { type: 'allow' };
-    return {
-      type: 'redirect',
-      location: `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}&reason=stale`,
-      reason: 'stale_session',
-      clearCookies: true
-    };
-  }
-
-  // --- 2FA required but not completed ---
-  if (needsTwoFactorRedirect(pathname, sessionPointer, sessionStatus)) {
-    if (onLoginPage) {
-      const cb = getSafeCallbackUrl(pathname, searchParams);
-      return { type: 'redirect', location: `${VERIFY_CODE_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(cb)}`, reason: '2fa_from_login' };
-    }
-    return redirect2FA(safeCallback);
-  }
-
-  // --- Token expired: Try refresh ---
-  if (sessionPointer.expired) {
-    if (onLoginPage) return { type: 'allow' };
-    if (sessionPointer.hasRefreshToken) {
-      return { type: 'refresh_needed' };
-    }
-    return {
-      type: 'redirect',
-      location: `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}&error=SessionExpired`,
-      reason: 'token_expired_no_refresh'
-    };
-  }
-
-  // --- Authenticated user on login page: Send to their destination ---
-  if (onLoginPage) {
-    const dest = getSafeCallbackUrl(pathname, searchParams);
-    return { type: 'redirect', location: dest, reason: 'already_authenticated' };
-  }
-
-  // --- All checks passed ---
-  return { type: 'allow' };
-}
-
-/** Check if user needs 2FA redirect */
-function needsTwoFactorRedirect(pathname: string, session: SessionPointer, status: SessionStatus): boolean {
-  if (!session.exists || !status.exists) return false;
-  if (!status.requires2FA || status.twoFactorComplete) return false;
-  if (pathname === VERIFY_CODE_PAGE) return false;
-  if (should2FABypass(pathname)) return false;
-  if (pathname.startsWith('/api/')) return false; // APIs return JSON errors
-  return true;
-}
-
-function redirect2FA(callbackUrl: string): AuthAction {
-  return {
-    type: 'redirect',
-    location: `${VERIFY_CODE_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(callbackUrl)}`,
-    reason: '2fa_required'
-  };
-}
-
-// =============================================================================
-// MIDDLEWARE FACTORY
-// =============================================================================
-
-export function createMvpMiddleware(options: MvpMiddlewareOptions = {}) {
-  // Resolve options with defaults
-  const cb = options.circuitBreaker || defaultCircuitBreaker;
-  const log = options.logger || defaultLogger;
-  const viabilityEndpoint = options.viabilityEndpoint || '/api/session/viability';
-  const refreshEndpoint = options.refreshEndpoint || '/api/auth/refresh';
-  const bypassPaths = options.bypassPaths || [];
-  const rbacExemptPaths = options.rbacExemptPaths || [];
-
-  return async function middleware(request: NextRequest): Promise<NextResponse> {
-    const { pathname, searchParams } = request.nextUrl;
-
-    // =========================================================================
-    // CRITICAL: Auth routes MUST bypass middleware
-    // =========================================================================
-    // These routes are called internally by middleware itself (viability check,
-    // token refresh). Without this bypass, we get infinite loops or 403s.
-    // This has caused production outages. DO NOT REMOVE.
-    // =========================================================================
-    if (pathname.startsWith('/api/auth/') || pathname.startsWith('/api/session/')) {
-      return NextResponse.next();
-    }
-
-    // Check custom bypass paths
-    for (const bypassPath of bypassPaths) {
-      if (pathname.startsWith(bypassPath)) {
-        return NextResponse.next();
-      }
-    }
-
-    const isPublic = isUnauthenticatedRoute(pathname);
-    const isLogin = isLoginPage(pathname);
-
-    // --- Optimization: Skip viability check for unauthenticated public browsing ---
-    if (isPublic && !isLogin) {
-      const hasCookie = request.cookies.get(getSessionCookieName())?.value ||
-                        request.cookies.get(getSecureSessionCookieName())?.value;
-      if (!hasCookie) {
-        return NextResponse.next();
-      }
-      // Has cookie - continue to viability check for 2FA enforcement
-    }
-
-    // --- Fetch session viability from internal API ---
-    const { sessionStatus, sessionPointer } = await checkViability(request, viabilityEndpoint, log);
-
-    // --- Handle stale session early (cookie exists but session doesn't) ---
-    if (!isPublic && sessionStatus.exists === false && sessionPointer.sessionToken) {
-      const safeCallback = getSafeCallbackUrl(pathname);
-      log.warn('Stale session detected', {
-        sessionToken: sessionPointer.sessionToken?.substring(0, 8) + '...',
-        pathname
-      });
-      return redirectTo(request, `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}`, true);
-    }
-
-    // --- Run decision engine ---
-    const decision = makeAuthDecision({
-      pathname,
-      isPublicRoute: isPublic,
-      isLoginPage: isLogin,
-      searchParams,
-      sessionPointer,
-      sessionStatus,
-      circuitBreakerOpen: cb.isOpen(),
-    });
-
-    // --- Execute decision ---
-    return executeDecision(request, decision, pathname, sessionPointer, sessionStatus, {
-      circuitBreaker: cb,
-      logger: log,
-      refreshEndpoint,
-      rbacExemptPaths,
-      onRefreshSuccess: options.onRefreshSuccess,
-      onRefreshFailure: options.onRefreshFailure,
-    });
-  };
-}
-
-/** Check session viability via internal API */
-async function checkViability(
-  request: NextRequest,
-  endpoint: string,
-  log: MiddlewareLogger
-): Promise<{
-  sessionStatus: SessionStatus;
-  sessionPointer: SessionPointer;
-}> {
-  const sessionStatus: SessionStatus = {
-    exists: false,
-    forceInvalid: false,
-    requires2FA: false,
-    twoFactorComplete: false,
-  };
-  const sessionPointer: SessionPointer = {
-    exists: false,
-    sessionToken: undefined,
-    expired: false,
-    hasRefreshToken: false,
-    roles: [],
-    clientId: '',
-  };
-
-  try {
-    const baseUrl = getInternalApiUrl(request);
-    const response = await fetch(new URL(endpoint, baseUrl), {
-      method: 'GET',
-      headers: {
-        'Accept': 'application/json',
-        'Cache-Control': 'no-store',
-        'Cookie': request.headers.get('cookie') || ''
-      },
-      credentials: 'include',
-      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(5000),
-    });
-
-    if (response.ok) {
-      const data = await response.json();
-      // Support both response formats (viability and refresh-viability)
-      sessionStatus.exists = data.authenticated ?? (data.sessionToken && data.reason !== 'session_not_found');
-      sessionStatus.requires2FA = data.requires2FA || false;
-      sessionStatus.twoFactorComplete = data.twoFactorComplete || false;
-      sessionPointer.exists = sessionStatus.exists ?? false;
-      sessionPointer.sessionToken = data.sessionToken;
-      sessionPointer.expired = data.accessTokenExpired || false;
-      sessionPointer.hasRefreshToken = data.hasRefreshToken ?? data.canRefresh ?? false;
-      sessionPointer.roles = data.roles || [];
-      sessionPointer.clientId = data.clientId || '';
-    } else {
-      log.error('Viability check failed', { status: response.status });
-      sessionStatus.exists = null;
-      sessionStatus.forceInvalid = null;
-    }
-  } catch (error) {
-    log.error('Viability check error', { error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error) });
-    sessionStatus.exists = null;
-    sessionStatus.forceInvalid = null;
-  }
-
-  return { sessionStatus, sessionPointer };
-}
-
-/** Options passed to executeDecision */
-interface ExecuteOptions {
-  circuitBreaker: CircuitBreakerProvider;
-  logger: MiddlewareLogger;
-  refreshEndpoint: string;
-  rbacExemptPaths: string[];
-  onRefreshSuccess?: () => void;
-  onRefreshFailure?: (status: number, isNetworkError: boolean) => void;
-}
-
-/** Execute the auth decision */
-async function executeDecision(
-  request: NextRequest,
-  decision: AuthAction,
-  pathname: string,
-  sessionPointer: SessionPointer,
-  sessionStatus: SessionStatus,
-  opts: ExecuteOptions
-): Promise<NextResponse> {
-  const safeCallback = getSafeCallbackUrl(pathname);
-
-  switch (decision.type) {
-    case 'allow':
-      return handleAllow(request, pathname, sessionPointer, sessionStatus, opts.rbacExemptPaths);
-
-    case 'redirect':
-      return redirectTo(request, decision.location, decision.clearCookies);
-
-    case 'service_error':
-      return NextResponse.redirect(new URL('/service-unavailable', request.url));
-
-    case 'refresh_needed':
-      return handleRefresh(request, safeCallback, opts);
-  }
-}
-
-/** Paths that must never be RBAC-checked (they are RBAC redirect targets) */
-const RBAC_EXEMPT_PATHS = ['/error', '/unauthorized', '/service-unavailable'];
-
-/** Handle 'allow' decision - run RBAC if enabled */
-async function handleAllow(
-  request: NextRequest,
-  pathname: string,
-  sessionPointer: SessionPointer,
-  sessionStatus: SessionStatus,
-  rbacExemptPaths: string[] = []
-): Promise<NextResponse> {
-  const isPublic = isUnauthenticatedRoute(pathname);
-
-  if (isRBACEnabled() && !isPublic && sessionPointer.exists) {
-    // Skip RBAC for error/fallback pages (prevent redirect loops) and app-configured exempt paths
-    if (RBAC_EXEMPT_PATHS.some(p => pathname.startsWith(p)) ||
-        rbacExemptPaths.some(p => pathname.startsWith(p))) {
-      return NextResponse.next();
-    }
-
-    if (!sessionPointer.clientId) {
-      console.error('[MIDDLEWARE] RBAC: No clientId — returning 401');
-      if (pathname.startsWith('/api/')) {
-        return NextResponse.json(
-          { error: 'Unauthorized — missing clientId for RBAC' },
-          { status: 401 }
-        );
-      }
-      return NextResponse.redirect(new URL('/unauthorized', request.url));
-    }
-
-    try {
-      const result = await checkPagePermission(pathname, sessionPointer.roles, sessionPointer.clientId);
-
-      if (!result.allowed) {
-        console.log('[MIDDLEWARE] RBAC denied:', { pathname, reason: result.reason });
-
-        // In development, fail open - RBAC API may not be fully configured
-        if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
-          console.warn('[MIDDLEWARE] RBAC: Allowing in development despite denial:', result.reason);
-          return NextResponse.next();
-        }
-
-        return NextResponse.redirect(new URL(result.redirect || '/unauthorized', request.url));
-      }
-
-      if (result.requires_2fa && !sessionStatus.twoFactorComplete) {
-        return NextResponse.redirect(
-          new URL(`${VERIFY_CODE_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(pathname)}`, request.url)
-        );
-      }
-    } catch (error) {
-      console.error('[MIDDLEWARE] RBAC error:', error);
-
-      // In development, fail open
-      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
-        console.warn('[MIDDLEWARE] RBAC: Allowing in development despite error');
-        return NextResponse.next();
-      }
-
-      return NextResponse.redirect(new URL('/error?code=rbac_error', request.url));
-    }
-  }
-
-  return NextResponse.next();
-}
-
-/** Handle token refresh */
-async function handleRefresh(
-  request: NextRequest,
-  safeCallback: string,
-  opts: ExecuteOptions
-): Promise<NextResponse> {
-  const { circuitBreaker: cb, logger: log, refreshEndpoint, onRefreshSuccess, onRefreshFailure } = opts;
-
-  // Check if circuit breaker allows refresh attempt
-  if (!cb.canAttemptRefresh()) {
-    log.warn('Circuit breaker preventing refresh attempt');
-    return redirectTo(
-      request,
-      `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}&error=ServiceUnavailable`,
-      true
-    );
-  }
-
-  try {
-    const baseUrl = getInternalApiUrl(request);
-    const response = await fetch(new URL(refreshEndpoint, baseUrl), {
-      method: 'POST',
-      headers: {
-        'Accept': 'application/json',
-        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-        'Cookie': request.headers.get('cookie') || '',
-        'x-session-token': request.cookies.get(getSessionCookieName())?.value ||
-                           request.cookies.get(getSecureSessionCookieName())?.value || ''
-      },
-      credentials: 'include',
-      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(5000),
-    });
-
-    if (response.ok) {
-      const data = await response.json();
-      if (data.refreshed || data.reason === 'already_fresh') {
-        cb.recordSuccess();
-        onRefreshSuccess?.();
-        log.info('Token refresh successful');
-        return NextResponse.next();
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Refresh failed - check for permanent failures (401/403) vs transient (5xx)
-    // CRITICAL: Always clear cookies on 401/403 to prevent redirect loops
-    // CRITICAL: Only record circuit breaker failures for network errors, not HTTP errors
-    // HTTP 500 means the server responded - it's reachable. Only network failures should trip the breaker.
-    const isPermanentFailure = response.status === 401 || response.status === 403;
-    const errorParam = isPermanentFailure ? 'SessionExpired' : 'RefreshError';
-
-    log.warn('Refresh failed', {
-      status: response.status,
-      isPermanentFailure,
-      clearingCookies: isPermanentFailure
-    });
-
-    onRefreshFailure?.(response.status, false);
-
-    return redirectTo(
-      request,
-      `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}&error=${errorParam}`,
-      isPermanentFailure
-    );
-  } catch (error: any) {
-    const isNetwork = cb.isNetworkError(error);
-    log.error('Refresh error', {
-      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
-      isNetworkError: isNetwork
-    });
-
-    // Only record circuit breaker failure for actual network errors
-    if (isNetwork) {
-      cb.recordFailure(error);
-    }
-
-    onRefreshFailure?.(0, isNetwork);
-
-    // Network error - don't clear cookies, might be transient
-    return redirectTo(
-      request,
-      `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}&error=RefreshError`,
-      false
-    );
-  }
-}
+/**
+ * MVP Middleware - Authentication & Route Protection
+ *
+ * Creates a Next.js middleware handler that protects routes based on:
+ * - Authentication status (session cookie → Redis viability check)
+ * - 2FA completion status
+ * - RBAC permissions (if enabled)
+ *
+ * Usage: Export the result from your app's middleware.ts:
+ *   export default createMvpMiddleware();
+ *
+ * With custom options:
+ *   export default createMvpMiddleware({
+ *     circuitBreaker: myCircuitBreaker,
+ *     logger: myLogger,
+ *     viabilityEndpoint: '/api/session/refresh-viability',
+ *   });
+ */
+
+import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server';
+import { isUnauthenticatedRoute, should2FABypass } from '../auth/route-config';
+import { getInternalApiUrl } from '../edge/internal-api-url';
+import { getSessionCookieName, getSecureSessionCookieName } from '../lib/app-slug';
+import { checkPagePermission, isRBACEnabled } from './rbac-check';
+
+// =============================================================================
+// TYPES
+// =============================================================================
+
+export interface AuthContext {
+  pathname: string;
+  isPublicRoute: boolean;
+  isLoginPage: boolean;
+  searchParams: URLSearchParams;
+  sessionPointer: SessionPointer;
+  sessionStatus: SessionStatus;
+  circuitBreakerOpen: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface SessionPointer {
+  exists: boolean;
+  sessionToken?: string;
+  expired?: boolean;
+  hasRefreshToken?: boolean;
+  roles: string[];
+  clientId: string;
+}
+
+export interface SessionStatus {
+  exists: boolean | null;       // null = check failed/timeout
+  forceInvalid: boolean | null; // null = check failed/timeout
+  requires2FA: boolean;
+  twoFactorComplete: boolean;
+}
+
+export type AuthAction =
+  | { type: 'allow' }
+  | { type: 'redirect'; location: string; reason: string; clearCookies?: boolean }
+  | { type: 'service_error'; reason: string }
+  | { type: 'refresh_needed' };
+
+// =============================================================================
+// CIRCUIT BREAKER INTERFACE
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Circuit breaker interface for middleware integration.
+ * Implement this to provide custom circuit breaker behavior.
+ */
+export interface CircuitBreakerProvider {
+  /** Check if circuit breaker is currently open */
+  isOpen(): boolean;
+  /** Check if a refresh attempt is allowed (for HALF_OPEN state) */
+  canAttemptRefresh(): boolean;
+  /** Record a successful operation (closes the breaker) */
+  recordSuccess(): void;
+  /** Record a failed operation (may open the breaker) */
+  recordFailure(error?: Error): void;
+  /** Check if an error is a network error (vs HTTP error) */
+  isNetworkError(error: any): boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Logger interface for middleware.
+ * Implement this to provide custom logging.
+ */
+export interface MiddlewareLogger {
+  info(message: string, data?: Record<string, any>): void;
+  warn(message: string, data?: Record<string, any>): void;
+  error(message: string, data?: Record<string, any>): void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Configuration options for createMvpMiddleware
+ */
+export interface MvpMiddlewareOptions {
+  /** Custom circuit breaker implementation */
+  circuitBreaker?: CircuitBreakerProvider;
+  /** Custom logger implementation */
+  logger?: MiddlewareLogger;
+  /** Custom viability check endpoint (default: /api/session/viability) */
+  viabilityEndpoint?: string;
+  /** Custom refresh endpoint (default: /api/auth/refresh) */
+  refreshEndpoint?: string;
+  /** Hook called on successful refresh */
+  onRefreshSuccess?: () => void;
+  /** Hook called on refresh failure */
+  onRefreshFailure?: (status: number, isNetworkError: boolean) => void;
+  /** Additional paths to bypass middleware (beyond /api/auth/ and /api/session/) */
+  bypassPaths?: string[];
+  /** Paths exempt from RBAC checks (auth still enforced, just no page-permission check) */
+  rbacExemptPaths?: string[];
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// DEFAULT IMPLEMENTATIONS
+// =============================================================================
+
+/** Default no-op circuit breaker (always closed) */
+const defaultCircuitBreaker: CircuitBreakerProvider = {
+  isOpen: () => false,
+  canAttemptRefresh: () => true,
+  recordSuccess: () => {},
+  recordFailure: () => {},
+  isNetworkError: (error: any) => {
+    return error?.cause?.code === 'ECONNREFUSED' ||
+           error?.code === 'ECONNREFUSED' ||
+           error?.message?.includes('ECONNREFUSED') ||
+           error?.message?.includes('fetch failed') ||
+           error?.message?.includes('ENOTFOUND') ||
+           error?.message?.includes('ETIMEDOUT') ||
+           error?.message?.includes('ECONNRESET');
+  }
+};
+
+/** Default console logger */
+const defaultLogger: MiddlewareLogger = {
+  info: (msg, data) => console.log(`[MIDDLEWARE] ${msg}`, data || ''),
+  warn: (msg, data) => console.warn(`[MIDDLEWARE] ${msg}`, data || ''),
+  error: (msg, data) => console.error(`[MIDDLEWARE] ${msg}`, data || ''),
+};
+
+// =============================================================================
+// HELPERS
+// =============================================================================
+
+const LOGIN_PAGE = '/account-auth/login';
+const VERIFY_CODE_PAGE = '/account-auth/verify-code';
+
+function isLoginPage(pathname: string): boolean {
+  return pathname === LOGIN_PAGE;
+}
+
+/** Ensures callback URLs never point to auth pages (prevents redirect loops) */
+function getSafeCallbackUrl(pathname: string, searchParams?: URLSearchParams): string {
+  if (pathname.startsWith('/account-auth/')) {
+    return '/';
+  }
+  const existing = searchParams?.get('callbackUrl');
+  if (existing && !existing.startsWith('/account-auth/')) {
+    return existing;
+  }
+  return pathname;
+}
+
+/** Clear all session cookies on a response */
+function clearSessionCookies(response: NextResponse, request: NextRequest): void {
+  const sessionCookie = getSessionCookieName();
+  const secureCookie = getSecureSessionCookieName();
+
+  // Clear main cookies
+  response.cookies.set(sessionCookie, '', { path: '/', expires: new Date(0), httpOnly: true, sameSite: 'lax' });
+  response.cookies.set(secureCookie, '', { path: '/', expires: new Date(0), httpOnly: true, sameSite: 'lax', secure: true });
+
+  // Clear any chunked cookies (NextAuth chunks large cookies)
+  for (const [name] of request.cookies) {
+    if (name.startsWith(`${sessionCookie}.`) || name.startsWith(`${secureCookie}.`)) {
+      const isSecure = name.startsWith('__Secure-');
+      response.cookies.set(name, '', {
+        path: '/',
+        expires: new Date(0),
+        httpOnly: true,
+        sameSite: 'lax',
+        ...(isSecure && { secure: true })
+      });
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Create redirect response, optionally clearing cookies */
+function redirectTo(
+  request: NextRequest,
+  location: string,
+  clearCookies = false
+): NextResponse {
+  const response = NextResponse.redirect(new URL(location, request.url));
+  if (clearCookies) {
+    clearSessionCookies(response, request);
+  }
+  return response;
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// AUTH DECISION ENGINE
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Pure function that determines what action to take based on auth state.
+ * No side effects - just examines context and returns a decision.
+ */
+function makeAuthDecision(ctx: AuthContext): AuthAction {
+  const { pathname, isPublicRoute, isLoginPage: onLoginPage, searchParams, sessionPointer, sessionStatus, circuitBreakerOpen } = ctx;
+  const safeCallback = getSafeCallbackUrl(pathname);
+
+  // --- Public routes: Allow, but enforce 2FA for authenticated users ---
+  if (isPublicRoute && !onLoginPage) {
+    if (needsTwoFactorRedirect(pathname, sessionPointer, sessionStatus)) {
+      return redirect2FA(safeCallback);
+    }
+    return { type: 'allow' };
+  }
+
+  // --- Circuit breaker open: Service degraded ---
+  if (circuitBreakerOpen) {
+    if (onLoginPage) return { type: 'allow' };
+    return {
+      type: 'redirect',
+      location: `${LOGIN_PAGE}?error=ServiceUnavailable`,
+      reason: 'circuit_breaker_open',
+      clearCookies: true
+    };
+  }
+
+  // --- No session cookie: Need to login ---
+  if (!sessionPointer.exists) {
+    if (onLoginPage) return { type: 'allow' };
+    if (pathname === '/') {
+      const unauthUrl = process.env.UNAUTHENTICATED_REDIRECT_URL || '/account-auth/login';
+      return { type: 'redirect', location: unauthUrl, reason: 'unauthenticated_root' };
+    }
+    if (pathname.startsWith('/api/')) {
+      return { type: 'allow' }; // Let API return proper 401 JSON
+    }
+    return {
+      type: 'redirect',
+      location: `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}`,
+      reason: 'no_session'
+    };
+  }
+
+  // --- Service error: Can't verify session ---
+  if (sessionStatus.exists === null || sessionStatus.forceInvalid === null) {
+    return { type: 'service_error', reason: 'viability_check_failed' };
+  }
+
+  // --- Session force-invalidated (admin action, password change, etc.) ---
+  if (sessionStatus.forceInvalid) {
+    if (onLoginPage) return { type: 'allow' };
+    if (pathname.startsWith('/api/')) return { type: 'allow' };
+    return {
+      type: 'redirect',
+      location: `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}&reason=invalidated`,
+      reason: 'force_invalidated',
+      clearCookies: true
+    };
+  }
+
+  // --- Stale session (cookie exists but Redis entry gone) ---
+  if (!sessionStatus.exists) {
+    if (onLoginPage) return { type: 'allow' };
+    if (pathname.startsWith('/api/')) return { type: 'allow' };
+    return {
+      type: 'redirect',
+      location: `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}&reason=stale`,
+      reason: 'stale_session',
+      clearCookies: true
+    };
+  }
+
+  // --- 2FA required but not completed ---
+  if (needsTwoFactorRedirect(pathname, sessionPointer, sessionStatus)) {
+    if (onLoginPage) {
+      const cb = getSafeCallbackUrl(pathname, searchParams);
+      return { type: 'redirect', location: `${VERIFY_CODE_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(cb)}`, reason: '2fa_from_login' };
+    }
+    return redirect2FA(safeCallback);
+  }
+
+  // --- Token expired: Try refresh ---
+  if (sessionPointer.expired) {
+    if (onLoginPage) return { type: 'allow' };
+    if (sessionPointer.hasRefreshToken) {
+      return { type: 'refresh_needed' };
+    }
+    return {
+      type: 'redirect',
+      location: `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}&error=SessionExpired`,
+      reason: 'token_expired_no_refresh'
+    };
+  }
+
+  // --- Authenticated user on login page: Send to their destination ---
+  if (onLoginPage) {
+    const dest = getSafeCallbackUrl(pathname, searchParams);
+    return { type: 'redirect', location: dest, reason: 'already_authenticated' };
+  }
+
+  // --- All checks passed ---
+  return { type: 'allow' };
+}
+
+/** Check if user needs 2FA redirect */
+function needsTwoFactorRedirect(pathname: string, session: SessionPointer, status: SessionStatus): boolean {
+  if (!session.exists || !status.exists) return false;
+  if (!status.requires2FA || status.twoFactorComplete) return false;
+  if (pathname === VERIFY_CODE_PAGE) return false;
+  if (should2FABypass(pathname)) return false;
+  if (pathname.startsWith('/api/')) return false; // APIs return JSON errors
+  return true;
+}
+
+function redirect2FA(callbackUrl: string): AuthAction {
+  return {
+    type: 'redirect',
+    location: `${VERIFY_CODE_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(callbackUrl)}`,
+    reason: '2fa_required'
+  };
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// MIDDLEWARE FACTORY
+// =============================================================================
+
+export function createMvpMiddleware(options: MvpMiddlewareOptions = {}) {
+  // Resolve options with defaults
+  const cb = options.circuitBreaker || defaultCircuitBreaker;
+  const log = options.logger || defaultLogger;
+  const viabilityEndpoint = options.viabilityEndpoint || '/api/session/viability';
+  const refreshEndpoint = options.refreshEndpoint || '/api/auth/refresh';
+  const bypassPaths = options.bypassPaths || [];
+  const rbacExemptPaths = options.rbacExemptPaths || [];
+
+  return async function middleware(request: NextRequest): Promise<NextResponse> {
+    const { pathname, searchParams } = request.nextUrl;
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // CRITICAL: Auth routes MUST bypass middleware
+    // =========================================================================
+    // These routes are called internally by middleware itself (viability check,
+    // token refresh). Without this bypass, we get infinite loops or 403s.
+    // This has caused production outages. DO NOT REMOVE.
+    // =========================================================================
+    if (pathname.startsWith('/api/auth/') || pathname.startsWith('/api/session/')) {
+      return NextResponse.next();
+    }
+
+    // Check custom bypass paths
+    for (const bypassPath of bypassPaths) {
+      if (pathname.startsWith(bypassPath)) {
+        return NextResponse.next();
+      }
+    }
+
+    const isPublic = isUnauthenticatedRoute(pathname);
+    const isLogin = isLoginPage(pathname);
+
+    // --- Optimization: Skip viability check for unauthenticated public browsing ---
+    if (isPublic && !isLogin) {
+      const hasCookie = request.cookies.get(getSessionCookieName())?.value ||
+                        request.cookies.get(getSecureSessionCookieName())?.value;
+      if (!hasCookie) {
+        return NextResponse.next();
+      }
+      // Has cookie - continue to viability check for 2FA enforcement
+    }
+
+    // --- Fetch session viability from internal API ---
+    const { sessionStatus, sessionPointer } = await checkViability(request, viabilityEndpoint, log);
+
+    // --- Handle stale session early (cookie exists but session doesn't) ---
+    if (!isPublic && sessionStatus.exists === false && sessionPointer.sessionToken) {
+      const safeCallback = getSafeCallbackUrl(pathname);
+      log.warn('Stale session detected', {
+        sessionToken: sessionPointer.sessionToken?.substring(0, 8) + '...',
+        pathname
+      });
+      return redirectTo(request, `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}`, true);
+    }
+
+    // --- Run decision engine ---
+    const decision = makeAuthDecision({
+      pathname,
+      isPublicRoute: isPublic,
+      isLoginPage: isLogin,
+      searchParams,
+      sessionPointer,
+      sessionStatus,
+      circuitBreakerOpen: cb.isOpen(),
+    });
+
+    // --- Execute decision ---
+    return executeDecision(request, decision, pathname, sessionPointer, sessionStatus, {
+      circuitBreaker: cb,
+      logger: log,
+      refreshEndpoint,
+      rbacExemptPaths,
+      onRefreshSuccess: options.onRefreshSuccess,
+      onRefreshFailure: options.onRefreshFailure,
+    });
+  };
+}
+
+/** Check session viability via internal API */
+async function checkViability(
+  request: NextRequest,
+  endpoint: string,
+  log: MiddlewareLogger
+): Promise<{
+  sessionStatus: SessionStatus;
+  sessionPointer: SessionPointer;
+}> {
+  const sessionStatus: SessionStatus = {
+    exists: false,
+    forceInvalid: false,
+    requires2FA: false,
+    twoFactorComplete: false,
+  };
+  const sessionPointer: SessionPointer = {
+    exists: false,
+    sessionToken: undefined,
+    expired: false,
+    hasRefreshToken: false,
+    roles: [],
+    clientId: '',
+  };
+
+  try {
+    const baseUrl = getInternalApiUrl(request);
+    const response = await fetch(new URL(endpoint, baseUrl), {
+      method: 'GET',
+      headers: {
+        'Accept': 'application/json',
+        'Cache-Control': 'no-store',
+        'Cookie': request.headers.get('cookie') || ''
+      },
+      credentials: 'include',
+      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(5000),
+    });
+
+    if (response.ok) {
+      const data = await response.json();
+      // Support both response formats (viability and refresh-viability)
+      sessionStatus.exists = data.authenticated ?? (data.sessionToken && data.reason !== 'session_not_found');
+      sessionStatus.requires2FA = data.requires2FA || false;
+      sessionStatus.twoFactorComplete = data.twoFactorComplete || false;
+      sessionPointer.exists = sessionStatus.exists ?? false;
+      sessionPointer.sessionToken = data.sessionToken;
+      sessionPointer.expired = data.accessTokenExpired || false;
+      sessionPointer.hasRefreshToken = data.hasRefreshToken ?? data.canRefresh ?? false;
+      sessionPointer.roles = data.roles || [];
+      sessionPointer.clientId = data.clientId || '';
+    } else {
+      log.error('Viability check failed', { status: response.status });
+      sessionStatus.exists = null;
+      sessionStatus.forceInvalid = null;
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    log.error('Viability check error', { error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error) });
+    sessionStatus.exists = null;
+    sessionStatus.forceInvalid = null;
+  }
+
+  return { sessionStatus, sessionPointer };
+}
+
+/** Options passed to executeDecision */
+interface ExecuteOptions {
+  circuitBreaker: CircuitBreakerProvider;
+  logger: MiddlewareLogger;
+  refreshEndpoint: string;
+  rbacExemptPaths: string[];
+  onRefreshSuccess?: () => void;
+  onRefreshFailure?: (status: number, isNetworkError: boolean) => void;
+}
+
+/** Execute the auth decision */
+async function executeDecision(
+  request: NextRequest,
+  decision: AuthAction,
+  pathname: string,
+  sessionPointer: SessionPointer,
+  sessionStatus: SessionStatus,
+  opts: ExecuteOptions
+): Promise<NextResponse> {
+  const safeCallback = getSafeCallbackUrl(pathname);
+
+  switch (decision.type) {
+    case 'allow':
+      return handleAllow(request, pathname, sessionPointer, sessionStatus, opts.rbacExemptPaths);
+
+    case 'redirect':
+      return redirectTo(request, decision.location, decision.clearCookies);
+
+    case 'service_error':
+      return NextResponse.redirect(new URL('/service-unavailable', request.url));
+
+    case 'refresh_needed':
+      return handleRefresh(request, safeCallback, opts);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Paths that must never be RBAC-checked (they are RBAC redirect targets) */
+const RBAC_EXEMPT_PATHS = ['/error', '/unauthorized', '/service-unavailable'];
+
+/** Handle 'allow' decision - run RBAC if enabled */
+async function handleAllow(
+  request: NextRequest,
+  pathname: string,
+  sessionPointer: SessionPointer,
+  sessionStatus: SessionStatus,
+  rbacExemptPaths: string[] = []
+): Promise<NextResponse> {
+  const isPublic = isUnauthenticatedRoute(pathname);
+
+  if (isRBACEnabled() && !isPublic && sessionPointer.exists) {
+    // Skip RBAC for error/fallback pages (prevent redirect loops) and app-configured exempt paths
+    if (RBAC_EXEMPT_PATHS.some(p => pathname.startsWith(p)) ||
+        rbacExemptPaths.some(p => pathname.startsWith(p))) {
+      return NextResponse.next();
+    }
+
+    if (!sessionPointer.clientId) {
+      console.error('[MIDDLEWARE] RBAC: No clientId — returning 401');
+      if (pathname.startsWith('/api/')) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { error: 'Unauthorized — missing clientId for RBAC' },
+          { status: 401 }
+        );
+      }
+      return NextResponse.redirect(new URL('/unauthorized', request.url));
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const result = await checkPagePermission(pathname, sessionPointer.roles, sessionPointer.clientId);
+
+      if (!result.allowed) {
+        console.log('[MIDDLEWARE] RBAC denied:', { pathname, reason: result.reason });
+
+        // In development, fail open - RBAC API may not be fully configured
+        if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
+          console.warn('[MIDDLEWARE] RBAC: Allowing in development despite denial:', result.reason);
+          return NextResponse.next();
+        }
+
+        return NextResponse.redirect(new URL(result.redirect || '/unauthorized', request.url));
+      }
+
+      if (result.requires_2fa && !sessionStatus.twoFactorComplete) {
+        return NextResponse.redirect(
+          new URL(`${VERIFY_CODE_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(pathname)}`, request.url)
+        );
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('[MIDDLEWARE] RBAC error:', error);
+
+      // In development, fail open
+      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
+        console.warn('[MIDDLEWARE] RBAC: Allowing in development despite error');
+        return NextResponse.next();
+      }
+
+      return NextResponse.redirect(new URL('/error?code=rbac_error', request.url));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NextResponse.next();
+}
+
+/** Handle token refresh */
+async function handleRefresh(
+  request: NextRequest,
+  safeCallback: string,
+  opts: ExecuteOptions
+): Promise<NextResponse> {
+  const { circuitBreaker: cb, logger: log, refreshEndpoint, onRefreshSuccess, onRefreshFailure } = opts;
+
+  // Check if circuit breaker allows refresh attempt
+  if (!cb.canAttemptRefresh()) {
+    log.warn('Circuit breaker preventing refresh attempt');
+    return redirectTo(
+      request,
+      `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}&error=ServiceUnavailable`,
+      true
+    );
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const baseUrl = getInternalApiUrl(request);
+    const response = await fetch(new URL(refreshEndpoint, baseUrl), {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: {
+        'Accept': 'application/json',
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        'Cookie': request.headers.get('cookie') || '',
+        'x-session-token': request.cookies.get(getSessionCookieName())?.value ||
+                           request.cookies.get(getSecureSessionCookieName())?.value || ''
+      },
+      credentials: 'include',
+      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(5000),
+    });
+
+    if (response.ok) {
+      const data = await response.json();
+      if (data.refreshed || data.reason === 'already_fresh') {
+        cb.recordSuccess();
+        onRefreshSuccess?.();
+        log.info('Token refresh successful');
+        return NextResponse.next();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Refresh failed - check for permanent failures (401/403) vs transient (5xx)
+    // CRITICAL: Always clear cookies on 401/403 to prevent redirect loops
+    // CRITICAL: Only record circuit breaker failures for network errors, not HTTP errors
+    // HTTP 500 means the server responded - it's reachable. Only network failures should trip the breaker.
+    const isPermanentFailure = response.status === 401 || response.status === 403;
+    const errorParam = isPermanentFailure ? 'SessionExpired' : 'RefreshError';
+
+    log.warn('Refresh failed', {
+      status: response.status,
+      isPermanentFailure,
+      clearingCookies: isPermanentFailure
+    });
+
+    onRefreshFailure?.(response.status, false);
+
+    return redirectTo(
+      request,
+      `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}&error=${errorParam}`,
+      isPermanentFailure
+    );
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    const isNetwork = cb.isNetworkError(error);
+    log.error('Refresh error', {
+      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+      isNetworkError: isNetwork
+    });
+
+    // Only record circuit breaker failure for actual network errors
+    if (isNetwork) {
+      cb.recordFailure(error);
+    }
+
+    onRefreshFailure?.(0, isNetwork);
+
+    // Network error - don't clear cookies, might be transient
+    return redirectTo(
+      request,
+      `${LOGIN_PAGE}?callbackUrl=${encodeURIComponent(safeCallback)}&error=RefreshError`,
+      false
+    );
+  }
+}