@osano/osano-cmp-react-native 0.14.0 → 0.17.0

package/src/iab/tcf/reducer.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ import {
 	SET_VENDOR_CONSENT,
 	UPDATE_PURPOSE_LIST,
 } from './actions';
-import { getVendorListVersion, getVendors } from './selectors';
+import { 
+	getUpdatedVendorDisclosures,
+	getVendorListVersion,
+	getVendors 
+} from './selectors';
 import {
 	updatePurposeOptOuts,
 	updateSpecialFeatureOptIns,
@@ -36,6 +40,7 @@ export const initialState = {
 				vendorListVersion: 0,
 				vendors: {},
 				vendorOptouts: {},
+				vendorDisclosures: {},
 			},
 		},
 	},
@@ -67,6 +72,7 @@ const updateOptions = (
 	const { version } = initOptions;
 	const vendorListVersion = getVendorListVersion(config, version);
 	const vendors = getVendors(config, version);
+	const vendorDisclosures = getUpdatedVendorDisclosures(config, version);
 
 	return {
 		...state,
@@ -79,6 +85,7 @@ const updateOptions = (
 					vendorListLoaded: true,
 					vendorListVersion,
 					vendors,
+					vendorDisclosures
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -133,27 +140,40 @@ export default function makeReducer(initOptions: IabInitOptions) {
 			case CLOSE: {
 				const { config } = payload as ConsentManager;
 				if (config.configId && config.iabEnabled) {
-					const payload = createConsentPayload(state);
-					setStorage(
-						`${gppSection}_${config.configId}`,
-						JSON.stringify(payload),
-					);
+					const consentPayload = createConsentPayload(state);
+					switch (Platform.OS) {
+						case 'ios':
+						case 'android':
+							setStorage(
+								`${gppSection}_${config.configId}`,
+								JSON.stringify(consentPayload),
+							);
+							break;
+						default:
+							try {
+								window.localStorage.setItem(
+									`${gppSection}_${config.configId}`,
+									JSON.stringify(consentPayload),
+								);
+							} catch (e) {}
+							break;
+					}
 				}
 				return state;
 			}
 
 			case CLEAR_CONSENT: {
-				const payload = createConsentPayload();
+				const consentPayload = createConsentPayload();
 				return {
 					...state,
 					iab: {
 						...state.iab,
 						tcf: {
 							...state.iab.tcf,
-							...payload,
+							...consentPayload,
 							v2: {
 								...state.iab.tcf?.v2,
-								...payload.v2,
+								...consentPayload.v2,
 							},
 						},
 					},

package/src/iab/tcf/selectors.ts

@@ -115,6 +115,12 @@ export const getVendorIds = (config: Config, apiVersion?: string) =>
 	Object.keys(getVendors(config, apiVersion)).map((vendorId) =>
 		Number.parseInt(vendorId, 10)
 	) || [];
+export const getActiveVendorIds = (config: Config, apiVersion?: string) => {
+	const vendors = getVendors(config, apiVersion);
+	return Object.values(vendors)
+	.filter(v => !v.deletedDate)
+	.map(v => Number(v.id));
+};
 export const getVendorOptOuts = (
 	state: Partial<IabState>,
 	apiVersion?: TcfVersionType
@@ -190,3 +196,13 @@ export const getConsent = (state?: OsanoState) => {
 	consent[ConsentCategory.OPT_OUT] = getFinalOptOutValue(state);
 	return consent;
 };
+
+export const getUpdatedVendorDisclosures = (config: Config, apiVersion?: string) => {
+	const activeVendors = getActiveVendorIds(config, apiVersion);
+	const disclosures: Record<string, boolean> = {};
+	for (const vendorId of activeVendors) {
+		// We disclose all active IAB vendors (there is no way to selectively hide them), so set them all to true.
+		disclosures[`${vendorId}`] = true;
+	}
+	return disclosures;
+};

package/src/iab/tcf/types.ts

@@ -73,9 +73,11 @@ export type IabInitOptions = {
 	defaultTimestamp: number;
 	storageKey: string;
 	version: TcfVersionType;
+	tcfPolicyVersion: number;
 	cmpId: number;
 	cmpVersion: number;
 	coreFieldSequence: CoreField[];
+	disclosedVendorsFieldSequence: CoreField[];
 	createConsentPayload: (state?: IabState) => Partial<TcfState>;
 	tcString: string;
 	fallbackGvlVersion: number;

package/src/iab/tcf/v2.0/tcfcav1-constants.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import { createUTCTimestampInDeciseconds } from '../helpers';
 
 // gppSection is the key in redux state that stores the consent string.
 const gppSection = 'tcfcav1';
+const tcfPolicyVersion = 5;
 /**
  * This string is a stub with only the base values so that consent.js has a
  * string to start with. Its values are essentially blank and will be replaced
@@ -77,6 +78,22 @@ const coreFieldSequence: CoreField[] = [
 		'vendor.legitimateInterests',
 		idsOnlyArrayFormatter,
 	],
+	// This is not supported in TcfCA v1, HOWEVER, it's still listed and required in the spec doc, and should always be 0
+    ['PubRestrictions', 12, IntEncoder, 'numPubRestrictions'],
+];
+
+/**
+ * The fields for the disclosed vendors segment of the TCString for TCF-Canada v1.
+ */
+const disclosedVendorsFieldSequence: CoreField[] = [
+    ['DisclosedVendorsSegmentType', 3, IntEncoder],
+    [
+        'DisclosedVendors',
+        Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+        EncodableOptimizedFixedRange,
+        'vendor.vendorsDisclosed',
+        idsOnlyArrayFormatter,
+    ],
 ];
 
 const version = Number.parseInt(baseInitOptions.version, 10);
@@ -84,8 +101,10 @@ const staticFields = {
 	version,
 	cmpId: baseInitOptions.cmpId,
 	cmpVersion: baseInitOptions.cmpVersion,
-	tcfPolicyVersion: version,
-	useNonStandardStacks: true,
+	tcfPolicyVersion,
+	useNonStandardStacks: false,
+	DisclosedVendorsSegmentType: 1,
+    numPubRestrictions: 0,
 };
 
 const dynamicFields = {
@@ -95,7 +114,9 @@ const dynamicFields = {
 
 export const initOptions = {
 	...baseInitOptions,
-	coreFieldSequence,
+    tcfPolicyVersion,
+    coreFieldSequence,
+    disclosedVendorsFieldSequence,
 	gppSection,
 	tcString: BOOTSTRAP_TCSTRING,
 	staticFields,

package/src/iab/tcf/v2.0/tcfeuv2-constants.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ export const iframeName = '__tcfapiLocator';
 
 // gppSection is the key in redux state that stores the consent string.
 const gppSection = 'tcfeuv2';
+const tcfPolicyVersion = 5;
 /**
  * This string is a stub with only the base values so that consent.js has a
  * string to start with. It was generated with <https://iabtcf.com/>.
@@ -79,16 +80,31 @@ const coreFieldSequence: CoreField[] = [
 	['numPubRestrictions', 12, IntEncoder], // This is a meta field and shouldn't be exposed directly via an API
 ];
 
+/**
+ * The fields for the disclosed vendors segment of the TCString in the order they appear in the TCString
+ */
+const disclosedVendorsFieldSequence: CoreField[] = [
+    ['vendorsDisclosedSegmentType', 3, IntEncoder],
+    [
+        'vendorsDisclosed',
+        Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+        EncodableOptimizedFixedRange,
+        'vendor.vendorsDisclosed',
+    ],
+];
+
+
 const version = Number.parseInt(baseInitOptions.version, 10);
 const staticFields = {
 	version,
 	cmpId: baseInitOptions.cmpId,
 	cmpVersion: baseInitOptions.cmpVersion,
-	tcfPolicyVersion: version,
+	tcfPolicyVersion,
 	useNonStandardStacks: true,
 	isServiceSpecific: true,
 	purposeOneTreatment: false,
 	numPubRestrictions: 0,
+	vendorsDisclosedSegmentType: 1,
 };
 
 const dynamicFields = {
@@ -98,7 +114,9 @@ const dynamicFields = {
 
 export const initOptions = {
 	...baseInitOptions,
+	tcfPolicyVersion,
 	coreFieldSequence,
+	disclosedVendorsFieldSequence,
 	gppSection,
 	tcString: BOOTSTRAP_TCSTRING,
 	staticFields,

package/src/index.tsx

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ export const Osano: React.FunctionComponent<
 			reducer,
 			{ configId, customerId },
 			init,
-			[consentManager.current.middleware],
+			[consentManager.current.middleware.bind(consentManager.current)],
 		);
 		const { addMiddleware, dispatch, getState, removeMiddleware } = store;
 

package/src/native/OsanoCmp.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { NativeModules, Platform } from 'react-native';
-import NativeOsanoCmpSdk from '../NativeOsanoCmpSdk';
+import OsanoCmpSdkTurboModule from './OsanoCmpSdkSpec';
+import { ExpoDetector } from '../utils/ExpoDetector';
+import { ExpoGoMemoryStorage } from '../utils/ExpoGoMemoryStorage';
 
 const LINKING_ERROR =
 	`The package 'osano-cmp-react-native' doesn't seem to be linked. Make sure: \n\n` +
@@ -7,51 +9,69 @@ const LINKING_ERROR =
 	'- You rebuilt the app after installing the package\n' +
 	'- You are not using Expo Go\n';
 
-// Use TurboModule if available, fallback to legacy NativeModules
-const OsanoCmp = NativeOsanoCmpSdk ?? NativeModules.OsanoCmpSdk;
-
-if (!OsanoCmp) {
-	throw new Error(LINKING_ERROR);
-}
+const OsanoCmp = OsanoCmpSdkTurboModule || NativeModules.OsanoCmpSdk || new Proxy(
+	{},
+	{
+		get(_, prop) {
+			throw new Error(`${LINKING_ERROR}\nAttempted to call: ${String(prop)}`);
+		},
+	},
+);
 
 export function getDeviceId(): Promise<string | null | undefined> {
+	if (ExpoDetector.isExpoGo()) {
+		return ExpoGoMemoryStorage.getDeviceId();
+	}
 	return OsanoCmp.getDeviceId();
 }
 export function setStorage(key: string, value: string): Promise<string> {
+	if (ExpoDetector.isExpoGo()) {
+		return ExpoGoMemoryStorage.setStorage(key, value);
+	}
 	return OsanoCmp.setStorage(key, value);
 }
 export function getStorage(key: string): Promise<string | null | undefined> {
+	if (ExpoDetector.isExpoGo()) {
+		return ExpoGoMemoryStorage.getStorage(key);
+	}
 	return OsanoCmp.getStorage(key);
 }
 export function clearStorage(key: string): Promise<void> {
+	if (ExpoDetector.isExpoGo()) {
+		return ExpoGoMemoryStorage.clearStorage(key);
+	}
 	return OsanoCmp.clearStorage(key);
 }
 export function setStorageToDefault(
 	key: string,
 	value: string,
 ): Promise<string> {
-	return OsanoCmp.setStorageToDefault
-		? OsanoCmp.setStorageToDefault(key, value)
-		: Promise.resolve(value);
+	if (ExpoDetector.isExpoGo()) {
+		return ExpoGoMemoryStorage.setStorageToDefault(key, value);
+	}
+	return OsanoCmp.setStorageToDefault?.(key, value) ?? Promise.resolve(value);
 }
 export function setIntStorageToDefault(
 	key: string,
 	value: number,
 ): Promise<number> {
-	return OsanoCmp.setIntStorageToDefault
-		? OsanoCmp.setIntStorageToDefault(key, value)
-		: Promise.resolve(value);
+	if (ExpoDetector.isExpoGo()) {
+		return ExpoGoMemoryStorage.setIntStorageToDefault(key, value);
+	}
+	return OsanoCmp.setIntStorageToDefault?.(key, value) ?? Promise.resolve(value);
 }
 export function setBoolStorageToDefault(
 	key: string,
 	value: boolean,
 ): Promise<boolean> {
-	return OsanoCmp.setBoolStorageToDefault
-		? OsanoCmp.setBoolStorageToDefault(key, value)
-		: Promise.resolve(value);
+	if (ExpoDetector.isExpoGo()) {
+		return ExpoGoMemoryStorage.setBoolStorageToDefault(key, value);
+	}
+	return OsanoCmp.setBoolStorageToDefault?.(key, value) ?? Promise.resolve(value);
 }
 export function clearStorageFromDefault(key: string): Promise<void> {
-	return OsanoCmp.clearStorageFromDefault
-		? OsanoCmp.clearStorageFromDefault(key)
-		: Promise.resolve();
+	if (ExpoDetector.isExpoGo()) {
+		return ExpoGoMemoryStorage.clearStorageFromDefault(key);
+	}
+	return OsanoCmp.clearStorageFromDefault?.(key) ?? Promise.resolve();
 }

package/src/native/OsanoCmpSdkSpec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import type { TurboModule } from 'react-native';
+import { TurboModuleRegistry } from 'react-native';
+
+export interface Spec extends TurboModule {
+  // Core storage methods
+  setStorage(key: string, value: string): Promise<string>;
+  getStorage(key: string): Promise<string | null>;
+  clearStorage(key: string): Promise<void>;
+  
+  // Default storage methods (iOS specific functionality)
+  setStorageToDefault(key: string, value: string): Promise<string>;
+  setIntStorageToDefault(key: string, value: number): Promise<number>;
+  setBoolStorageToDefault(key: string, value: boolean): Promise<boolean>;
+  clearStorageFromDefault(key: string): Promise<void>;
+  
+  // Device identification
+  getDeviceId(): Promise<string>;
+  
+  // Constants only (no synchronous methods for TurboModule compatibility)
+  getConstants(): {
+    IS_OFFICIAL_SAMPLE: boolean;
+  };
+}
+
+export default TurboModuleRegistry.get<Spec>('OsanoCmpSdk');

package/src/services/consent.ts

@@ -1,29 +1,25 @@
+import { sha512 } from 'js-sha512';
+import { Platform, NativeModules } from 'react-native';
+import { TextEncoder } from 'text-encoding';
+import type { ConsentManager } from '../ConsentManager';
 import {
 	ConsentCategory,
 	ConsentCategory as ConsentCategoryType,
 	env,
 } from '../constants';
-import { NativeModules, Platform } from 'react-native';
 import { clearStorage, getStorage, setStorage } from '../native/OsanoCmp';
-
-import API from '../utils/API';
 import type { Config } from '../types/consent-config';
-import type { ConsentManager } from '../ConsentManager';
-import { TextEncoder } from 'text-encoding';
 import { merge } from '../utils';
+import API from '../utils/API';
 import { osanoLogger } from '../utils/OsanoLogger';
-import { sha512 } from 'js-sha512';
 
 const Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
 
 const { CONSENT_URI, LOOKUPS_URI, OSANO_ORIGIN } = env;
 
-const IS_OFFICIAL_SAMPLE: boolean = (NativeModules as any)?.OsanoCmpSdk
-	?.IS_OFFICIAL_SAMPLE;
+const IS_OFFICIAL_SAMPLE: boolean = (NativeModules as any)?.OsanoCmpSdk?.IS_OFFICIAL_SAMPLE;
 
-const CONSENTING_PLATFORM_TAG = IS_OFFICIAL_SAMPLE
-	? `${Platform.OS}.sample-react-native`
-	: `${Platform.OS}.react-native`;
+const CONSENTING_PLATFORM_TAG = IS_OFFICIAL_SAMPLE ? `${Platform.OS}.sample-react-native` : `${Platform.OS}.react-native`;
 
 const overrideConfig: Partial<Config> = {
 	// Override config here
@@ -109,19 +105,24 @@ const storeConsent = async (
 			resolve(cmp.consent ?? []);
 			return cmp.consent;
 		};
-		setStorage(
-			`${STORAGE_KEY}_last_recorded_consent_date`,
-			JSON.stringify(new Date()),
-		)
-			.then(() => {
+		switch (Platform.OS) {
+			case 'ios':
+			case 'android':
 				setStorage(
-					`${STORAGE_KEY}_${cmp.configId}`,
-					JSON.stringify(cmp.consent),
+					`${STORAGE_KEY}_last_recorded_consent_date`,
+					JSON.stringify(new Date()),
 				)
-					.then(resConsent)
+					.then(() => {
+						setStorage(
+							`${STORAGE_KEY}_${cmp.configId}`,
+							JSON.stringify(cmp.consent),
+						)
+							.then(resConsent)
+							.catch(reject);
+					})
 					.catch(reject);
-			})
-			.catch(reject);
+				break;
+		}
 	});
 };
 
@@ -132,7 +133,15 @@ export const clearConsent = async (cmp: ConsentManager) => {
 			resolve([ConsentCategory.ESSENTIAL]);
 			return cmp.consent;
 		};
-		clearStorage(`${STORAGE_KEY}_${cmp.configId}`).then(resConsent);
+		switch (Platform.OS) {
+			case 'android':
+			case 'ios':
+				clearStorage(`${STORAGE_KEY}_${cmp.configId}`).then(resConsent);
+				break;
+			default:
+				resConsent();
+				break;
+		}
 	});
 };
 
@@ -151,12 +160,19 @@ const retrieveConsent = async (cmp: ConsentManager) => {
 			}
 			throw new Error('Consent not found');
 		};
-		getStorage(`${STORAGE_KEY}_${cmp.configId}`)
-			.then(resConsent)
-			.catch(() => {
-				// Consent not found
-				clearConsent(cmp).then(resolve);
-			});
+		switch (Platform.OS) {
+			case 'ios':
+			case 'android':
+				getStorage(`${STORAGE_KEY}_${cmp.configId}`)
+					.then(resConsent)
+					.catch(() => {
+						// Consent not found
+						clearConsent(cmp).then(resolve);
+					});
+				break;
+			default:
+				break;
+		}
 	});
 };
 
@@ -172,7 +188,15 @@ const retrieveLastConsentTimestamp = async () => {
 				return '';
 			}
 		};
-		getStorage(`${STORAGE_KEY}_last_recorded_consent_date`).then(resValue);
+		switch (Platform.OS) {
+			case 'ios':
+			case 'android':
+				getStorage(`${STORAGE_KEY}_last_recorded_consent_date`).then(resValue);
+				break;
+			default:
+				// nothing
+				break;
+		}
 	});
 };
 

package/src/types/index.d.ts

@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ export interface OsanoProps {
 	hideUI?: boolean;
 	hideDisclosures?: boolean;
 	onConfigLoadSuccess?: () => void;
-	onConfigLoadFailure?: (err: Error) => void;
+	onConfigLoadFailure?: () => void;
 	onLangLoadSuccess?: () => void;
-	onLangLoadFailure?: (err: Error) => void;
+	onLangLoadFailure?: () => void;
 	onGoogleConsentUpdate?: GoogleConsentModeCallback;
 	overrides?: OsanoOverrides;
 	extUsrData?: string;

package/src/utils/ExpoDetector.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import { Platform } from 'react-native';
+import { osanoLogger as OsanoLogger } from './OsanoLogger';
+
+interface ExpoDetectionResult {
+	isExpo: boolean;
+	isExpoGo: boolean;
+}
+
+export class ExpoDetector {
+	private static _detectionResult: ExpoDetectionResult | null = null;
+	
+	/**
+	 * Detect Expo environment and cache result
+	 */
+	public static detect(): ExpoDetectionResult {
+		// Return cached result if available
+		if (this._detectionResult) {
+			return this._detectionResult;
+		}
+
+		const result: ExpoDetectionResult = {
+			isExpo: false,
+			isExpoGo: false,
+		};
+
+		// Check for Expo runtime via globals
+		try {
+			const hasExpoGlobalProp = !!(global as any).expo;
+			
+			if (hasExpoGlobalProp) {
+				result.isExpo = true;
+				
+				// Analyze global.expo to distinguish Expo Go from dev builds
+				const globalExpoContent = (global as any).expo;
+				
+				if (globalExpoContent && typeof globalExpoContent === 'object') {
+					const documentsDir = globalExpoContent.documentsDir || '';
+					const cacheDir = globalExpoContent.cacheDir || '';
+					
+					// Check execution environment
+					const exponentConstants = globalExpoContent.modules?.ExponentConstants;
+					const executionEnvironment = exponentConstants?.executionEnvironment;
+					
+					// Check for Expo Go app ID
+					const expoApplication = globalExpoContent.modules?.ExpoApplication;
+					const applicationId = expoApplication?.applicationId;
+					
+					// Expo Go indicators: package name, execution env, app ID
+					const hasExpoGoPackageName = documentsDir.includes('host.exp.exponent') || 
+						cacheDir.includes('host.exp.exponent');
+					const isStoreClient = executionEnvironment === 'storeClient';
+					const hasExpoGoAppId = applicationId === 'host.exp.exponent';
+					
+					if (hasExpoGoPackageName || isStoreClient || hasExpoGoAppId) {
+						result.isExpoGo = true;
+					} else {
+						result.isExpoGo = false;
+					}
+				} else {
+					// Assume dev build for safety
+					result.isExpoGo = false;
+				}
+			}
+		} catch (error) {
+			OsanoLogger.debug(`Expo detection failed: ${String(error)}`);
+		}
+
+		// Cache the result
+		this._detectionResult = result;
+		
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Check if running in Expo Go
+	 */
+	public static isExpoGo(): boolean {
+		const result = this.detect();
+		return result.isExpoGo;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Check if any Expo environment
+	 */
+	public static isExpo(): boolean {
+		const result = this.detect();
+		return result.isExpo;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get environment description
+	 */
+	public static getEnvironmentDescription(): string {
+		const result = this.detect();
+		
+		if (!result.isExpo) {
+			return 'Bare React Native';
+		}
+
+		if (result.isExpoGo) {
+			return 'Expo Go';
+		}
+
+		return 'Expo Development Build';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Reset cached result for testing
+	 */
+	public static resetCache(): void {
+		this._detectionResult = null;
+	}
+}
+

package/src/utils/ExpoGoMemoryStorage.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/**
+ * In-memory storage fallback for Expo Go environment
+ * Provides storage functionality when native modules are not available
+ */
+export class ExpoGoMemoryStorage {
+	private static storage = new Map<string, string>();
+	private static defaultStorage = new Map<string, string | number | boolean>();
+
+	static setStorage(key: string, value: string): Promise<string> {
+		this.storage.set(key, value);
+		return Promise.resolve(value);
+	}
+
+	static getStorage(key: string): Promise<string | null> {
+		const value = this.storage.get(key) || null;
+		return Promise.resolve(value);
+	}
+
+	static clearStorage(key: string): Promise<void> {
+		this.storage.delete(key);
+		return Promise.resolve();
+	}
+
+	static setStorageToDefault(key: string, value: string): Promise<string> {
+		this.defaultStorage.set(key, value);
+		return Promise.resolve(value);
+	}
+
+	static setIntStorageToDefault(key: string, value: number): Promise<number> {
+		this.defaultStorage.set(key, value);
+		return Promise.resolve(value);
+	}
+
+	static setBoolStorageToDefault(key: string, value: boolean): Promise<boolean> {
+		this.defaultStorage.set(key, value);
+		return Promise.resolve(value);
+	}
+
+	static clearStorageFromDefault(key: string): Promise<void> {
+		this.defaultStorage.delete(key);
+		return Promise.resolve();
+	}
+
+	static getDeviceId(): Promise<string> {
+		// Generate a consistent device ID for Expo Go session
+		let deviceId = this.storage.get('__expo_device_id');
+		if (!deviceId) {
+			deviceId = `expo_go_${Date.now()}_${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
+			this.storage.set('__expo_device_id', deviceId);
+		}
+		return Promise.resolve(deviceId);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Clear all storage for testing purposes
+	 */
+	static clearAll(): void {
+		this.storage.clear();
+		this.defaultStorage.clear();
+	}
+}

package/src/utils/Translator.ts

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ export default class Translator extends EventEmitter {
 	load(
 		desiredLocale?: string,
 		onLangLoadSuccess?: () => void,
-		onLangLoadFailure?: (err: Error) => void,
+		onLangLoadFailure?: () => void,
 	): Promise<PromiseSettledResult<string | undefined>[]> {
 		const allLocales = desiredLocale
 			? Translator.fallbackLanguages(