@openfn/language-mssql 2.6.4

package/node_modules/@js-joda/core/src/format/DateTimeFormatterBuilder.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1545 @@
+/**
+ * @copyright (c) 2016, Philipp Thürwächter & Pattrick Hüper
+ * @copyright (c) 2007-present, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
+ * @license BSD-3-Clause (see LICENSE in the root directory of this source tree)
+ */
+
+import {assert, requireNonNull, requireInstance} from '../assert';
+import {IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException} from '../errors';
+import {MathUtil} from '../MathUtil';
+
+import {LocalDate} from '../LocalDate';
+import {LocalDateTime} from '../LocalDateTime';
+import {ZoneOffset} from '../ZoneOffset';
+import {ChronoLocalDate} from '../chrono/ChronoLocalDate';
+import {ChronoField} from '../temporal/ChronoField';
+import {IsoFields} from '../temporal/IsoFields';
+import {TemporalQueries} from '../temporal/TemporalQueries';
+
+import {DateTimeFormatter} from './DateTimeFormatter';
+import {DecimalStyle} from './DecimalStyle';
+import {SignStyle} from './SignStyle';
+import {TextStyle} from './TextStyle';
+import {ResolverStyle} from './ResolverStyle';
+
+import {CharLiteralPrinterParser} from './parser/CharLiteralPrinterParser';
+import {CompositePrinterParser} from './parser/CompositePrinterParser';
+import {FractionPrinterParser} from './parser/FractionPrinterParser';
+import {NumberPrinterParser, ReducedPrinterParser} from './parser/NumberPrinterParser';
+import {OffsetIdPrinterParser} from './parser/OffsetIdPrinterParser';
+import {PadPrinterParserDecorator} from './parser/PadPrinterParserDecorator';
+import {SettingsParser} from './parser/SettingsParser';
+import {StringLiteralPrinterParser} from './parser/StringLiteralPrinterParser';
+import {ZoneIdPrinterParser} from './parser/ZoneIdPrinterParser';
+
+const MAX_WIDTH = 15; // can't parse all numbers with more then 15 digits in javascript
+
+export class DateTimeFormatterBuilder {
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new instance of the builder.
+     */
+    constructor() {
+        /**
+         * The currently active builder, used by the outermost builder.
+         */
+        this._active = this;
+        /**
+         * The parent builder, null for the outermost builder.
+         */
+        this._parent = null;
+
+        /**
+         * The list of printers that will be used.
+         */
+        this._printerParsers = [];
+
+        /**
+         * Whether this builder produces an optional formatter.
+         */
+        this._optional = false;
+        /**
+         * The width to pad the next field to.
+         */
+        this._padNextWidth = 0;
+
+        /**
+         * The character to pad the next field with.
+         */
+        this._padNextChar = null;
+
+        /**
+         * The index of the last variable width value parser.
+         */
+        this._valueParserIndex = -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Private static factory, replaces private threeten constructor
+     * Returns a new instance of the builder.
+     *
+     * @param {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} parent  the parent builder, not null
+     * @param {boolean} optional  whether the formatter is optional, not null
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} new instance
+     */
+    static _of(parent, optional){
+        requireNonNull(parent, 'parent');
+        requireNonNull(optional, 'optional');
+
+        const dtFormatterBuilder = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder();
+        dtFormatterBuilder._parent = parent;
+        dtFormatterBuilder._optional = optional;
+
+        return dtFormatterBuilder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Changes the parse style to be case sensitive for the remainder of the formatter.
+     *
+     * Parsing can be case sensitive or insensitive - by default it is case sensitive.
+     * This method allows the case sensitivity setting of parsing to be changed.
+     *
+     * Calling this method changes the state of the builder such that all
+     * subsequent builder method calls will parse text in case sensitive mode.
+     * See {@link parseCaseInsensitive} for the opposite setting.
+     * The parse case sensitive/insensitive methods may be called at any point
+     * in the builder, thus the parser can swap between case parsing modes
+     * multiple times during the parse.
+     *
+     * Since the default is case sensitive, this method should only be used after
+     * a previous call to {@link parseCaseInsensitive}.
+     *
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     */
+    parseCaseSensitive() {
+        this._appendInternalPrinterParser(SettingsParser.SENSITIVE);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Changes the parse style to be case insensitive for the remainder of the formatter.
+     *
+     * Parsing can be case sensitive or insensitive - by default it is case sensitive.
+     * This method allows the case sensitivity setting of parsing to be changed.
+     *
+     * Calling this method changes the state of the builder such that all
+     * subsequent builder method calls will parse text in case sensitive mode.
+     * See {@link parseCaseSensitive} for the opposite setting.
+     * The parse case sensitive/insensitive methods may be called at any point
+     * in the builder, thus the parser can swap between case parsing modes
+     * multiple times during the parse.
+     *
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     */
+    parseCaseInsensitive() {
+        this._appendInternalPrinterParser(SettingsParser.INSENSITIVE);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Changes the parse style to be strict for the remainder of the formatter.
+     *
+     * Parsing can be strict or lenient - by default its strict.
+     * This controls the degree of flexibility in matching the text and sign styles.
+     *
+     * When used, this method changes the parsing to be strict from this point onwards.
+     * As strict is the default, this is normally only needed after calling {@link parseLenient}.
+     * The change will remain in force until the end of the formatter that is eventually
+     * constructed or until {@link parseLenient} is called.
+     *
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     */
+    parseStrict() {
+        this._appendInternalPrinterParser(SettingsParser.STRICT);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Changes the parse style to be lenient for the remainder of the formatter.
+     * Note that case sensitivity is set separately to this method.
+     *
+     * Parsing can be strict or lenient - by default its strict.
+     * This controls the degree of flexibility in matching the text and sign styles.
+     * Applications calling this method should typically also call {@link parseCaseInsensitive}.
+     *
+     * When used, this method changes the parsing to be strict from this point onwards.
+     * The change will remain in force until the end of the formatter that is eventually
+     * constructed or until {@link parseStrict} is called.
+     *
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     */
+    parseLenient() {
+        this._appendInternalPrinterParser(SettingsParser.LENIENT);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * appendValue function overloading
+     */
+    appendValue(){
+        if(arguments.length === 1){
+            return this._appendValue1.apply(this, arguments);
+        } else if(arguments.length === 2){
+            return this._appendValue2.apply(this, arguments);
+        } else {
+            return this._appendValue4.apply(this, arguments);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends the value of a date-time field to the formatter using a normal
+     * output style.
+     *
+     * The value of the field will be output during a print.
+     * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
+     *
+     * The value will be printed as per the normal print of an integer value.
+     * Only negative numbers will be signed. No padding will be added.
+     *
+     * The parser for a variable width value such as this normally behaves greedily,
+     * requiring one digit, but accepting as many digits as possible.
+     * This behavior can be affected by 'adjacent value parsing'.
+     * See {@link appendValue} for full details.
+     *
+     * @param field  the field to append, not null
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     */
+    _appendValue1(field) {
+        requireNonNull(field);
+        this._appendValuePrinterParser(new NumberPrinterParser(field, 1, MAX_WIDTH, SignStyle.NORMAL));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends the value of a date-time field to the formatter using a fixed
+     * width, zero-padded approach.
+     *
+     * The value of the field will be output during a print.
+     * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
+     *
+     * The value will be zero-padded on the left. If the size of the value
+     * means that it cannot be printed within the width then an exception is thrown.
+     * If the value of the field is negative then an exception is thrown during printing.
+     *
+     * This method supports a special technique of parsing known as 'adjacent value parsing'.
+     * This technique solves the problem where a variable length value is followed by one or more
+     * fixed length values. The standard parser is greedy, and thus it would normally
+     * steal the digits that are needed by the fixed width value parsers that follow the
+     * variable width one.
+     *
+     * No action is required to initiate 'adjacent value parsing'.
+     * When a call to {@link appendValue} with a variable width is made, the builder
+     * enters adjacent value parsing setup mode. If the immediately subsequent method
+     * call or calls on the same builder are to this method, then the parser will reserve
+     * space so that the fixed width values can be parsed.
+     *
+     * For example, consider `builder.appendValue(YEAR).appendValue(MONTH_OF_YEAR, 2)`.
+     * The year is a variable width parse of between 1 and 19 digits.
+     * The month is a fixed width parse of 2 digits.
+     * Because these were appended to the same builder immediately after one another,
+     * the year parser will reserve two digits for the month to parse.
+     * Thus, the text '201106' will correctly parse to a year of 2011 and a month of 6.
+     * Without adjacent value parsing, the year would greedily parse all six digits and leave
+     * nothing for the month.
+     *
+     * Adjacent value parsing applies to each set of fixed width not-negative values in the parser
+     * that immediately follow any kind of variable width value.
+     * Calling any other append method will end the setup of adjacent value parsing.
+     * Thus, in the unlikely event that you need to avoid adjacent value parsing behavior,
+     * simply add the `appendValue` to another {@link DateTimeFormatterBuilder}
+     * and add that to this builder.
+     *
+     * If adjacent parsing is active, then parsing must match exactly the specified
+     * number of digits in both strict and lenient modes.
+     * In addition, no positive or negative sign is permitted.
+     *
+     * @param field  the field to append, not null
+     * @param width  the width of the printed field, from 1 to 19
+     * @return this, for chaining, not null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width is invalid
+     */
+    _appendValue2(field, width) {
+        requireNonNull(field);
+        if (width < 1 || width > MAX_WIDTH) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(`The width must be from 1 to ${MAX_WIDTH} inclusive but was ${width}`);
+        }
+        const pp = new NumberPrinterParser(field, width, width, SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE);
+        this._appendValuePrinterParser(pp);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends the value of a date-time field to the formatter providing full
+     * control over printing.
+     *
+     * The value of the field will be output during a print.
+     * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
+     *
+     * This method provides full control of the numeric formatting, including
+     * zero-padding and the positive/negative sign.
+     *
+     * The parser for a variable width value such as this normally behaves greedily,
+     * accepting as many digits as possible.
+     * This behavior can be affected by 'adjacent value parsing'.
+     * See {@link appendValue} for full details.
+     *
+     * In strict parsing mode, the minimum number of parsed digits is `minWidth`.
+     * In lenient parsing mode, the minimum number of parsed digits is one.
+     *
+     * If this method is invoked with equal minimum and maximum widths and a sign style of
+     * `NOT_NEGATIVE` then it delegates to `appendValue(TemporalField, int)`.
+     * In this scenario, the printing and parsing behavior described there occur.
+     *
+     * @param field  the field to append, not null
+     * @param minWidth  the minimum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 19
+     * @param maxWidth  the maximum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 19
+     * @param signStyle  the positive/negative output style, not null
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the widths are invalid
+     */
+    _appendValue4(field, minWidth, maxWidth, signStyle) {
+        requireNonNull(field);
+        requireNonNull(signStyle);
+        if (minWidth === maxWidth && signStyle === SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE) {
+            return this._appendValue2(field, maxWidth);
+        }
+        if (minWidth < 1 || minWidth > MAX_WIDTH) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(`The minimum width must be from 1 to ${MAX_WIDTH} inclusive but was ${minWidth}`);
+        }
+        if (maxWidth < 1 || maxWidth > MAX_WIDTH) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(`The minimum width must be from 1 to ${MAX_WIDTH} inclusive but was ${maxWidth}`);
+        }
+        if (maxWidth < minWidth) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(`The maximum width must exceed or equal the minimum width but ${maxWidth} < ${minWidth}`);
+        }
+        const pp = new NumberPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, signStyle);
+        this._appendValuePrinterParser(pp);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * appendValueReduced function overloading
+     */
+    appendValueReduced() {
+        if (arguments.length === 4 && arguments[3] instanceof ChronoLocalDate) {
+            return this._appendValueReducedFieldWidthMaxWidthBaseDate.apply(this, arguments);
+        } else {
+            return this._appendValueReducedFieldWidthMaxWidthBaseValue.apply(this, arguments);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends the reduced value of a date-time field to the formatter.
+     *
+     * Since fields such as year vary by chronology, it is recommended to use the
+     * {@link appendValueReduced} date}
+     * variant of this method in most cases. This variant is suitable for
+     * simple fields or working with only the ISO chronology.
+     *
+     * For formatting, the `width` and `maxWidth` are used to
+     * determine the number of characters to format.
+     * If they are equal then the format is fixed width.
+     * If the value of the field is within the range of the `baseValue` using
+     * `width` characters then the reduced value is formatted otherwise the value is
+     * truncated to fit `maxWidth`.
+     * The rightmost characters are output to match the width, left padding with zero.
+     *
+     * For strict parsing, the number of characters allowed by `width` to `maxWidth` are parsed.
+     * For lenient parsing, the number of characters must be at least 1 and less than 10.
+     * If the number of digits parsed is equal to `width` and the value is positive,
+     * the value of the field is computed to be the first number greater than
+     * or equal to the `baseValue` with the same least significant characters,
+     * otherwise the value parsed is the field value.
+     * This allows a reduced value to be entered for values in range of the baseValue
+     * and width and absolute values can be entered for values outside the range.
+     *
+     * For example, a base value of `1980` and a width of `2` will have
+     * valid values from `1980` to `2079`.
+     * During parsing, the text `"12"` will result in the value `2012` as that
+     * is the value within the range where the last two characters are "12".
+     * By contrast, parsing the text `"1915"` will result in the value `1915`.
+     *
+     * @param {TemporalField} field  the field to append, not null
+     * @param {number} width  the field width of the printed and parsed field, from 1 to 10
+     * @param {number} maxWidth  the maximum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 10
+     * @param {number} baseValue  the base value of the range of valid values
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width or base value is invalid
+     */
+    _appendValueReducedFieldWidthMaxWidthBaseValue(field, width, maxWidth, baseValue) {
+        requireNonNull(field, 'field');
+        const pp = new ReducedPrinterParser(field, width, maxWidth, baseValue, null);
+        this._appendValuePrinterParser(pp);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends the reduced value of a date-time field to the formatter.
+     *
+     * This is typically used for formatting and parsing a two digit year.
+     *
+     * The base date is used to calculate the full value during parsing.
+     * For example, if the base date is 1950-01-01 then parsed values for
+     * a two digit year parse will be in the range 1950-01-01 to 2049-12-31.
+     * Only the year would be extracted from the date, thus a base date of
+     * 1950-08-25 would also parse to the range 1950-01-01 to 2049-12-31.
+     * This behavior is necessary to support fields such as week-based-year
+     * or other calendar systems where the parsed value does not align with
+     * standard ISO years.
+     *
+     * The exact behavior is as follows. Parse the full set of fields and
+     * determine the effective chronology using the last chronology if
+     * it appears more than once. Then convert the base date to the
+     * effective chronology. Then extract the specified field from the
+     * chronology-specific base date and use it to determine the
+     * `baseValue` used below.
+     *
+     * For formatting, the `width` and `maxWidth` are used to
+     * determine the number of characters to format.
+     * If they are equal then the format is fixed width.
+     * If the value of the field is within the range of the `baseValue` using
+     * `width` characters then the reduced value is formatted otherwise the value is
+     * truncated to fit `maxWidth`.
+     * The rightmost characters are output to match the width, left padding with zero.
+     *
+     * For strict parsing, the number of characters allowed by `width` to `maxWidth` are parsed.
+     * For lenient parsing, the number of characters must be at least 1 and less than 10.
+     * If the number of digits parsed is equal to `width` and the value is positive,
+     * the value of the field is computed to be the first number greater than
+     * or equal to the `baseValue` with the same least significant characters,
+     * otherwise the value parsed is the field value.
+     * This allows a reduced value to be entered for values in range of the baseValue
+     * and width and absolute values can be entered for values outside the range.
+     *
+     * For example, a base value of `1980` and a width of `2` will have
+     * valid values from `1980` to `2079`.
+     * During parsing, the text `"12"` will result in the value `2012` as that
+     * is the value within the range where the last two characters are "12".
+     * By contrast, parsing the text `"1915"` will result in the value `1915`.
+     *
+     * @param {TemporalField} field  the field to append, not null
+     * @param {number} width  the field width of the printed and parsed field, from 1 to 10
+     * @param {number} maxWidth  the maximum field width of the printed field, from 1 to 10
+     * @param {ChronoLocalDate} baseDate  the base date used to calculate the base value for the range
+     *  of valid values in the parsed chronology, not null
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width or base value is invalid
+     */
+    _appendValueReducedFieldWidthMaxWidthBaseDate(field, width, maxWidth, baseDate) {
+        requireNonNull(field, 'field');
+        requireNonNull(baseDate, 'baseDate');
+        requireInstance(baseDate, ChronoLocalDate, 'baseDate');
+        const pp = new ReducedPrinterParser(field, width, maxWidth, 0, baseDate);
+        this._appendValuePrinterParser(pp);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends a fixed width printer-parser.
+     *
+     * @param pp  the printer-parser, not null
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     */
+    _appendValuePrinterParser(pp) {
+        assert(pp != null);
+        if (this._active._valueParserIndex >= 0 &&
+                this._active._printerParsers[this._active._valueParserIndex] instanceof NumberPrinterParser) {
+            const activeValueParser = this._active._valueParserIndex;
+
+            // adjacent parsing mode, update setting in previous parsers
+            let basePP = this._active._printerParsers[activeValueParser];
+            if (pp.minWidth() === pp.maxWidth() && pp.signStyle() === SignStyle.NOT_NEGATIVE) {
+                // Append the width to the subsequentWidth of the active parser
+                basePP = basePP.withSubsequentWidth(pp.maxWidth());
+                // Append the new parser as a fixed width
+                this._appendInternal(pp.withFixedWidth());
+                // Retain the previous active parser
+                this._active._valueParserIndex = activeValueParser;
+            } else {
+                // Modify the active parser to be fixed width
+                basePP = basePP.withFixedWidth();
+                // The new parser becomes the mew active parser
+                this._active._valueParserIndex = this._appendInternal(pp);
+            }
+            // Replace the modified parser with the updated one
+            this._active._printerParsers[activeValueParser] = basePP;
+        } else {
+            // The new Parser becomes the active parser
+            this._active._valueParserIndex = this._appendInternal(pp);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Appends the fractional value of a date-time field to the formatter.
+     *
+     * The fractional value of the field will be output including the
+     * preceding decimal point. The preceding value is not output.
+     * For example, the second-of-minute value of 15 would be output as `.25`.
+     *
+     * The width of the printed fraction can be controlled. Setting the
+     * minimum width to zero will cause no output to be generated.
+     * The printed fraction will have the minimum width necessary between
+     * the minimum and maximum widths - trailing zeroes are omitted.
+     * No rounding occurs due to the maximum width - digits are simply dropped.
+     *
+     * When parsing in strict mode, the number of parsed digits must be between
+     * the minimum and maximum width. When parsing in lenient mode, the minimum
+     * width is considered to be zero and the maximum is nine.
+     *
+     * If the value cannot be obtained then an exception will be thrown.
+     * If the value is negative an exception will be thrown.
+     * If the field does not have a fixed set of valid values then an
+     * exception will be thrown.
+     * If the field value in the date-time to be printed is invalid it
+     * cannot be printed and an exception will be thrown.
+     *
+     * @param {TemporalField} field  the field to append, not null
+     * @param {Number} minWidth  the minimum width of the field excluding the decimal point, from 0 to 9
+     * @param {Number} maxWidth  the maximum width of the field excluding the decimal point, from 1 to 9
+     * @param {boolean} decimalPoint  whether to output the localized decimal point symbol
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the field has a variable set of valid values or
+     *  either width is invalid
+     */
+    appendFraction(field, minWidth, maxWidth, decimalPoint) {
+        this._appendInternal(new FractionPrinterParser(field, minWidth, maxWidth, decimalPoint));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends an instant using ISO-8601 to the formatter with control over
+     * the number of fractional digits.
+     *
+     * Instants have a fixed output format, although this method provides some
+     * control over the fractional digits. They are converted to a date-time
+     * with a zone-offset of UTC and printed using the standard ISO-8601 format.
+     * The localized decimal style is not used.
+     *
+     * The {@link this.fractionalDigits} parameter allows the output of the fractional
+     * second to be controlled. Specifying zero will cause no fractional digits
+     * to be output. From 1 to 9 will output an increasing number of digits, using
+     * zero right-padding if necessary. The special value -1 is used to output as
+     * many digits as necessary to avoid any trailing zeroes.
+     *
+     * When parsing in strict mode, the number of parsed digits must match the
+     * fractional digits. When parsing in lenient mode, any number of fractional
+     * digits from zero to nine are accepted.
+     *
+     * The instant is obtained using {@link ChronoField#INSTANT_SECONDS}
+     * and optionally (@code NANO_OF_SECOND). The value of {@link INSTANT_SECONDS}
+     * may be outside the maximum range of {@link LocalDateTime}.
+     *
+     * The {@link ResolverStyle} has no effect on instant parsing.
+     * The end-of-day time of '24:00' is handled as midnight at the start of the following day.
+     * The leap-second time of '23:59:59' is handled to some degree, see
+     * {@link DateTimeFormatter#parsedLeapSecond} for full details.
+     *
+     * An alternative to this method is to format/parse the instant as a single
+     * epoch-seconds value. That is achieved using `appendValue(INSTANT_SECONDS)`.
+     *
+     * @param {number} [fractionalDigits=-2] - the number of fractional second digits to format with,
+     *  from 0 to 9, or -1 to use as many digits as necessary
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     */
+    appendInstant(fractionalDigits=-2) {
+        if (fractionalDigits < -2 || fractionalDigits > 9) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException('Invalid fractional digits: ' + fractionalDigits);
+        }
+        this._appendInternal(new InstantPrinterParser(fractionalDigits));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Appends the zone offset, such as '+01:00', to the formatter.
+     *
+     * This appends an instruction to print/parse the offset ID to the builder.
+     * This is equivalent to calling `appendOffset("HH:MM:ss", "Z")`.
+     *
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     */
+    appendOffsetId() {
+        this._appendInternal(OffsetIdPrinterParser.INSTANCE_ID);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends the zone offset, such as '+01:00', to the formatter.
+     *
+     * This appends an instruction to print/parse the offset ID to the builder.
+     *
+     * During printing, the offset is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
+     * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#offset}.
+     * It will be printed using the format defined below.
+     * If the offset cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
+     * section of the formatter is optional.
+     *
+     * During parsing, the offset is parsed using the format defined below.
+     * If the offset cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless the
+     * section of the formatter is optional.
+     *
+     * The format of the offset is controlled by a pattern which must be one
+     * of the following:
+     *
+     * * `+HH` - hour only, ignoring minute and second
+     * * `+HHmm` - hour, with minute if non-zero, ignoring second, no colon
+     * * `+HH:mm` - hour, with minute if non-zero, ignoring second, with colon
+     * * `+HHMM` - hour and minute, ignoring second, no colon
+     * * `+HH:MM` - hour and minute, ignoring second, with colon
+     * * `+HHMMss` - hour and minute, with second if non-zero, no colon
+     * * `+HH:MM:ss` - hour and minute, with second if non-zero, with colon
+     * * `+HHMMSS` - hour, minute and second, no colon
+     * * `+HH:MM:SS` - hour, minute and second, with colon
+     *
+     * The "no offset" text controls what text is printed when the total amount of
+     * the offset fields to be output is zero.
+     * Example values would be 'Z', '+00:00', 'UTC' or 'GMT'.
+     * Three formats are accepted for parsing UTC - the "no offset" text, and the
+     * plus and minus versions of zero defined by the pattern.
+     *
+     * @param {String} pattern  the pattern to use, not null
+     * @param {String} noOffsetText  the text to use when the offset is zero, not null
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     */
+    appendOffset(pattern, noOffsetText) {
+        this._appendInternalPrinterParser(new OffsetIdPrinterParser(noOffsetText, pattern));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+      * Appends the time-zone ID, such as 'Europe/Paris' or '+02:00', to the formatter.
+      *
+      * This appends an instruction to print/parse the zone ID to the builder.
+      * The zone ID is obtained in a strict manner suitable for {@link ZonedDateTime}.
+      * By contrast, {@link OffsetDateTime} does not have a zone ID suitable
+      * for use with this method, see {@link appendZoneOrOffsetId}.
+      *
+      * During printing, the zone is obtained using a mechanism equivalent
+      * to querying the temporal with {@link TemporalQueries#zoneId}.
+      * It will be printed using the result of {@link ZoneId#getId}.
+      * If the zone cannot be obtained then an exception is thrown unless the
+      * section of the formatter is optional.
+      *
+      * During parsing, the zone is parsed and must match a known zone or offset.
+      * If the zone cannot be parsed then an exception is thrown unless the
+      * section of the formatter is optional.
+      *
+      * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+      * @see #appendZoneRegionId()
+      */
+    appendZoneId() {
+        this._appendInternal(new ZoneIdPrinterParser(TemporalQueries.zoneId(), 'ZoneId()'));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Appends the elements defined by the specified pattern to the builder.
+     *
+     * All letters 'A' to 'Z' and 'a' to 'z' are reserved as pattern letters.
+     * The characters '{' and '}' are reserved for future use.
+     * The characters '[' and ']' indicate optional patterns.
+     * The following pattern letters are defined:
+     * <pre>
+     *  |Symbol  |Meaning                     |Presentation      |Examples
+     *  |--------|----------------------------|------------------|----------------------------------------------------
+     *  | G      | era                        | number/text      | 1; 01; AD; Anno Domini
+     *  | u      | year                       | year             | 2004; 04
+     *  | y      | year-of-era                | year             | 2004; 04
+     *  | D      | day-of-year                | number           | 189
+     *  | M      | month-of-year              | number/text      | 7; 07; Jul; July; J
+     *  | d      | day-of-month               | number           | 10
+     *  |        |                            |                  |
+     *  | Q      | quarter-of-year            | number/text      | 3; 03; Q3
+     *  | Y      | week-based-year            | year             | 1996; 96
+     *  | w      | week-of-year               | number           | 27
+     *  | W      | week-of-month              | number           | 27
+     *  | e      | localized day-of-week      | number           | 2; Tue; Tuesday; T
+     *  | E      | day-of-week                | number/text      | 2; Tue; Tuesday; T
+     *  | F      | week-of-month              | number           | 3
+     *  |        |                            |                  |
+     *  | a      | am-pm-of-day               | text             | PM
+     *  | h      | clock-hour-of-am-pm (1-12) | number           | 12
+     *  | K      | hour-of-am-pm (0-11)       | number           | 0
+     *  | k      | clock-hour-of-am-pm (1-24) | number           | 0
+     *  |        |                            |                  |
+     *  | H      | hour-of-day (0-23)         | number           | 0
+     *  | m      | minute-of-hour             | number           | 30
+     *  | s      | second-of-minute           | number           | 55
+     *  | S      | fraction-of-second         | fraction         | 978
+     *  | A      | milli-of-day               | number           | 1234
+     *  | n      | nano-of-second             | number           | 987654321
+     *  | N      | nano-of-day                | number           | 1234000000
+     *  |        |                            |                  |
+     *  | V      | time-zone ID               | zone-id          | America/Los_Angeles; Z; -08:30
+     *  | z      | time-zone name             | zone-name        | Pacific Standard Time; PST
+     *  | X      | zone-offset 'Z' for zero   | offset-X         | Z; -08; -0830; -08:30; -083015; -08:30:15;
+     *  | x      | zone-offset                | offset-x         | +0000; -08; -0830; -08:30; -083015; -08:30:15;
+     *  | Z      | zone-offset                | offset-Z         | +0000; -0800; -08:00;
+     *  |        |                            |                  |
+     *  | p      | pad next                   | pad modifier     | 1
+     *  |        |                            |                  |
+     *  | '      | escape for text            | delimiter        |
+     *  | ''     | single quote               | literal          | '
+     *  | [      | optional section start     |                  |
+     *  | ]      | optional section end       |                  |
+     *  | {}     | reserved for future use    |                  |
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * The count of pattern letters determine the format.
+     *
+     * **Text**: The text style is determined based on the number of pattern letters used.
+     * Less than 4 pattern letters will use the short form (see {@link TextStyle#SHORT}).
+     * Exactly 4 pattern letters will use the full form (see {@link TextStyle#FULL}).
+     * Exactly 5 pattern letters will use the narrow form (see {@link TextStyle#NARROW}).
+     *
+     * **Number**: If the count of letters is one, then the value is printed using the minimum number
+     * of digits and without padding as per {@link appendValue}. Otherwise, the
+     * count of digits is used as the width of the output field as per {@link appendValue}.
+     *
+     * **Number/Text**: If the count of pattern letters is 3 or greater, use the Text rules above.
+     * Otherwise use the Number rules above.
+     *
+     * **Fraction**: Outputs the nano-of-second field as a fraction-of-second.
+     * The nano-of-second value has nine digits, thus the count of pattern letters is from 1 to 9.
+     * If it is less than 9, then the nano-of-second value is truncated, with only the most
+     * significant digits being output.
+     * When parsing in strict mode, the number of parsed digits must match the count of pattern letters.
+     * When parsing in lenient mode, the number of parsed digits must be at least the count of pattern
+     * letters, up to 9 digits.
+     *
+     * **Year**: The count of letters determines the minimum field width below which padding is used.
+     * If the count of letters is two, then a reduced (see {@link appendValueReduced}) two digit form is used.
+     * For printing, this outputs the rightmost two digits. For parsing, this will parse using the
+     * base value of 2000, resulting in a year within the range 2000 to 2099 inclusive.
+     * If the count of letters is less than four (but not two), then the sign is only output for negative
+     * years as per {@link SignStyle#NORMAL}.
+     * Otherwise, the sign is output if the pad width is exceeded, as per {@link SignStyle#EXCEEDS_PAD}
+     *
+     * **ZoneId**: This outputs the time-zone ID, such as 'Europe/Paris'.
+     * If the count of letters is two, then the time-zone ID is output.
+     * Any other count of letters throws {@link IllegalArgumentException}.
+     * <pre>
+     *  Pattern     Equivalent builder methods
+     *   VV          appendZoneId()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * **Zone names**: This outputs the display name of the time-zone ID.
+     * If the count of letters is one, two or three, then the short name is output.
+     * If the count of letters is four, then the full name is output.
+     * Five or more letters throws {@link IllegalArgumentException}.
+     * <pre>
+     *  Pattern     Equivalent builder methods
+     *   z           appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT)
+     *   zz          appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT)
+     *   zzz         appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT)
+     *   zzzz        appendZoneText(TextStyle.FULL)
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * **Offset X and x**: This formats the offset based on the number of pattern letters.
+     * One letter outputs just the hour', such as '+01', unless the minute is non-zero
+     * in which case the minute is also output, such as '+0130'.
+     * Two letters outputs the hour and minute, without a colon, such as '+0130'.
+     * Three letters outputs the hour and minute, with a colon, such as '+01:30'.
+     * Four letters outputs the hour and minute and optional second, without a colon, such as '+013015'.
+     * Five letters outputs the hour and minute and optional second, with a colon, such as '+01:30:15'.
+     * Six or more letters throws {@link IllegalArgumentException}.
+     * Pattern letter 'X' (upper case) will output 'Z' when the offset to be output would be zero,
+     * whereas pattern letter 'x' (lower case) will output '+00', '+0000', or '+00:00'.
+     * <pre>
+     *  Pattern     Equivalent builder methods
+     *   X           appendOffset("+HHmm","Z")
+     *   XX          appendOffset("+HHMM","Z")
+     *   XXX         appendOffset("+HH:MM","Z")
+     *   XXXX        appendOffset("+HHMMss","Z")
+     *   XXXXX       appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss","Z")
+     *   x           appendOffset("+HHmm","+00")
+     *   xx          appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
+     *   xxx         appendOffset("+HH:MM","+00:00")
+     *   xxxx        appendOffset("+HHMMss","+0000")
+     *   xxxxx       appendOffset("+HH:MM:ss","+00:00")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * **Offset Z**: This formats the offset based on the number of pattern letters.
+     * One, two or three letters outputs the hour and minute, without a colon, such as '+0130'.
+     * Four or more letters throws {@link IllegalArgumentException}.
+     * The output will be '+0000' when the offset is zero.
+     * <pre>
+     *  Pattern     Equivalent builder methods
+     *   Z           appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
+     *   ZZ          appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
+     *   ZZZ         appendOffset("+HHMM","+0000")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * **Optional section**: The optional section markers work exactly like calling {@link optionalStart}
+     * and {@link optionalEnd}.
+     *
+     * **Pad modifier**: Modifies the pattern that immediately follows to be padded with spaces.
+     * The pad width is determined by the number of pattern letters.
+     * This is the same as calling {@link padNext}.
+     *
+     * For example, 'ppH' outputs the hour-of-day padded on the left with spaces to a width of 2.
+     *
+     * Any unrecognized letter is an error.
+     * Any non-letter character, other than '[', ']', '{', '}' and the single quote will be output directly.
+     * Despite this, it is recommended to use single quotes around all characters that you want to
+     * output directly to ensure that future changes do not break your application.
+     *
+     * Note that the pattern string is similar, but not identical, to
+     * {@link java.text.SimpleDateFormat}.
+     * The pattern string is also similar, but not identical, to that defined by the
+     * Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR/LDML).
+     * Pattern letters 'E' and 'u' are merged, which changes the meaning of "E" and "EE" to be numeric.
+     * Pattern letters 'X' is aligned with Unicode CLDR/LDML, which affects pattern 'X'.
+     * Pattern letter 'y' and 'Y' parse years of two digits and more than 4 digits differently.
+     * Pattern letters 'n', 'A', 'N', 'I' and 'p' are added.
+     * Number types will reject large numbers.
+     *
+     * @param {String} pattern  the pattern to add, not null
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the pattern is invalid
+     */
+    appendPattern(pattern) {
+        requireNonNull(pattern, 'pattern');
+        this._parsePattern(pattern);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // empty implementations of locale functionality, be implemented/overridden by js-joda-locale
+
+    appendZoneText() {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Pattern using (localized) text not implemented, use js-joda-locale plugin!');
+    }
+
+    appendText() {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Pattern using (localized) text not implemented, use js-joda-locale plugin!');
+    }
+
+    appendLocalizedOffset() {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Pattern using (localized) text not implemented, use js-joda-locale plugin!');
+    }
+
+    appendWeekField() {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Pattern using (localized) text not implemented, use js-joda-locale plugin!');
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    _parsePattern(pattern) {
+        /** Map of letters to fields. */
+        const FIELD_MAP = {
+            'G': ChronoField.ERA,
+            'y': ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA,
+            'u': ChronoField.YEAR,
+            'Q': IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR,
+            'q': IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR,
+            'M': ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR,
+            'L': ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR,
+            'D': ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR,
+            'd': ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH,
+            'F': ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH,
+            'E': ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK,
+            'c': ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK,
+            'e': ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK,
+            'a': ChronoField.AMPM_OF_DAY,
+            'H': ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY,
+            'k': ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_DAY,
+            'K': ChronoField.HOUR_OF_AMPM,
+            'h': ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_AMPM,
+            'm': ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR,
+            's': ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE,
+            'S': ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND,
+            'A': ChronoField.MILLI_OF_DAY,
+            'n': ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND,
+            'N': ChronoField.NANO_OF_DAY
+        };
+
+        for (let pos = 0; pos < pattern.length; pos++) {
+            let cur = pattern.charAt(pos);
+            if ((cur >= 'A' && cur <= 'Z') || (cur >= 'a' && cur <= 'z')) {
+                let start = pos++;
+                for (; pos < pattern.length && pattern.charAt(pos) === cur; pos++);  // short loop
+                let count = pos - start;
+                // padding
+                if (cur === 'p') {
+                    let pad = 0;
+                    if (pos < pattern.length) {
+                        cur = pattern.charAt(pos);
+                        if ((cur >= 'A' && cur <= 'Z') || (cur >= 'a' && cur <= 'z')) {
+                            pad = count;
+                            start = pos++;
+                            for (; pos < pattern.length && pattern.charAt(pos) === cur; pos++);  // short loop
+                            count = pos - start;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (pad === 0) {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                            'Pad letter \'p\' must be followed by valid pad pattern: ' + pattern);
+                    }
+                    this.padNext(pad); // pad and continue parsing
+                }
+                // main rules
+                const field = FIELD_MAP[cur];
+                if (field != null) {
+                    this._parseField(cur, count, field);
+                } else if (cur === 'z') {
+                    if (count > 4) {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                    } else if (count === 4) {
+                        this.appendZoneText(TextStyle.FULL);
+                    } else {
+                        this.appendZoneText(TextStyle.SHORT);
+                    }
+                } else if (cur === 'V') {
+                    if (count !== 2) {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Pattern letter count must be 2: ' + cur);
+                    }
+                    this.appendZoneId();
+                } else if (cur === 'Z') {
+                    if (count < 4) {
+                        this.appendOffset('+HHMM', '+0000');
+                    } else if (count === 4) {
+                        this.appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.FULL);
+                    } else if (count === 5) {
+                        this.appendOffset('+HH:MM:ss', 'Z');
+                    } else {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                    }
+                } else if (cur === 'O') {
+                    if (count === 1) {
+                        this.appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.SHORT);
+                    } else if (count === 4) {
+                        this.appendLocalizedOffset(TextStyle.FULL);
+                    } else {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Pattern letter count must be 1 or 4: ' + cur);
+                    }
+                } else if (cur === 'X') {
+                    if (count > 5) {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                    }
+                    this.appendOffset(OffsetIdPrinterParser.PATTERNS[count + (count === 1 ? 0 : 1)], 'Z');
+                } else if (cur === 'x') {
+                    if (count > 5) {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                    }
+                    const zero = (count === 1 ? '+00' : (count % 2 === 0 ? '+0000' : '+00:00'));
+                    this.appendOffset(OffsetIdPrinterParser.PATTERNS[count + (count === 1 ? 0 : 1)], zero);
+                } else if (cur === 'W') {
+                    if (count > 1) {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                    }
+                    this.appendWeekField('W', count);
+                } else if (cur === 'w') {
+                    if (count > 2) {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                    }
+                    this.appendWeekField('w', count);
+                } else if (cur === 'Y') {
+                    this.appendWeekField('Y', count);
+                } else {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException('Unknown pattern letter: ' + cur);
+                }
+                pos--;
+
+            } else if (cur === '\'') {
+                // parse literals
+                const start = pos++;
+                for (; pos < pattern.length; pos++) {
+                    if (pattern.charAt(pos) === '\'') {
+                        if (pos + 1 < pattern.length && pattern.charAt(pos + 1) === '\'') {
+                            pos++;
+                        } else {
+                            break;  // end of literal
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (pos >= pattern.length) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException('Pattern ends with an incomplete string literal: ' + pattern);
+                }
+                const str = pattern.substring(start + 1, pos);
+                if (str.length === 0) {
+                    this.appendLiteral('\'');
+                } else {
+                    this.appendLiteral(str.replace('\'\'', '\''));
+                }
+
+            } else if (cur === '[') {
+                this.optionalStart();
+
+            } else if (cur === ']') {
+                if (this._active._parent === null) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException('Pattern invalid as it contains ] without previous [');
+                }
+                this.optionalEnd();
+
+            } else if (cur === '{' || cur === '}' || cur === '#') {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException('Pattern includes reserved character: \'' + cur + '\'');
+            } else {
+                this.appendLiteral(cur);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    _parseField(cur, count, field) {
+        switch (cur) {
+            case 'u':
+            case 'y':
+                if (count === 2) {
+                    this.appendValueReduced(field, 2, 2, ReducedPrinterParser.BASE_DATE);
+                } else if (count < 4) {
+                    this.appendValue(field, count, MAX_WIDTH, SignStyle.NORMAL);
+                } else {
+                    this.appendValue(field, count, MAX_WIDTH, SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD);
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'M':
+            case 'Q':
+                switch (count) {
+                    case 1:
+                        this.appendValue(field);
+                        break;
+                    case 2:
+                        this.appendValue(field, 2);
+                        break;
+                    case 3:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT);
+                        break;
+                    case 4:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.FULL);
+                        break;
+                    case 5:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.NARROW);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'L':
+            case 'q':
+                switch (count) {
+                    case 1:
+                        this.appendValue(field);
+                        break;
+                    case 2:
+                        this.appendValue(field, 2);
+                        break;
+                    case 3:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT_STANDALONE);
+                        break;
+                    case 4:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.FULL_STANDALONE);
+                        break;
+                    case 5:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.NARROW_STANDALONE);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'e':
+                switch (count) {
+                    case 1:
+                    case 2:
+                        this.appendWeekField('e', count);
+                        break;
+                    case 3:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT);
+                        break;
+                    case 4:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.FULL);
+                        break;
+                    case 5:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.NARROW);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                }
+                // eslint-disable-next-line no-unreachable
+                break;
+            case 'c':
+                switch (count) {
+                    case 1:
+                        this.appendWeekField('c', count);
+                        break;
+                    case 2:
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Invalid number of pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                    case 3:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT_STANDALONE);
+                        break;
+                    case 4:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.FULL_STANDALONE);
+                        break;
+                    case 5:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.NARROW_STANDALONE);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                }
+                // eslint-disable-next-line no-unreachable
+                break;
+            case 'a':
+                if (count === 1) {
+                    this.appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT);
+                } else {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                }
+                // eslint-disable-next-line no-unreachable
+                break;
+            case 'E':
+            case 'G':
+                switch (count) {
+                    case 1:
+                    case 2:
+                    case 3:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.SHORT);
+                        break;
+                    case 4:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.FULL);
+                        break;
+                    case 5:
+                        this.appendText(field, TextStyle.NARROW);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                }
+                // eslint-disable-next-line no-unreachable
+                break;
+            case 'S':
+                this.appendFraction(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND, count, count, false);
+                break;
+            case 'F':
+                if (count === 1) {
+                    this.appendValue(field);
+                } else {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'd':
+            case 'h':
+            case 'H':
+            case 'k':
+            case 'K':
+            case 'm':
+            case 's':
+                if (count === 1) {
+                    this.appendValue(field);
+                } else if (count === 2) {
+                    this.appendValue(field, count);
+                } else {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'D':
+                if (count === 1) {
+                    this.appendValue(field);
+                } else if (count <= 3) {
+                    this.appendValue(field, count);
+                } else {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException('Too many pattern letters: ' + cur);
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                if (count === 1) {
+                    this.appendValue(field);
+                } else {
+                    this.appendValue(field, count);
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * padNext function overloading
+     */
+    padNext() {
+        if (arguments.length === 1) {
+            return this._padNext1.apply(this, arguments);
+        } else {
+            return this._padNext2.apply(this, arguments);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Causes the next added printer/parser to pad to a fixed width using a space.
+     *
+     * This padding will pad to a fixed width using spaces.
+     *
+     * During formatting, the decorated element will be output and then padded
+     * to the specified width. An exception will be thrown during printing if
+     * the pad width is exceeded.
+     *
+     * During parsing, the padding and decorated element are parsed.
+     * If parsing is lenient, then the pad width is treated as a maximum.
+     * If parsing is case insensitive, then the pad character is matched ignoring case.
+     * The padding is parsed greedily. Thus, if the decorated element starts with
+     * the pad character, it will not be parsed.
+     *
+     * @param {number} padWidth  the pad width, 1 or greater
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if pad width is too small
+     */
+    _padNext1(padWidth) {
+        return this._padNext2(padWidth, ' ');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Causes the next added printer/parser to pad to a fixed width.
+     *
+     * This padding is intended for padding other than zero-padding.
+     * Zero-padding should be achieved using the appendValue methods.
+     *
+     * During formatting, the decorated element will be output and then padded
+     * to the specified width. An exception will be thrown during printing if
+     * the pad width is exceeded.
+     *
+     * During parsing, the padding and decorated element are parsed.
+     * If parsing is lenient, then the pad width is treated as a maximum.
+     * If parsing is case insensitive, then the pad character is matched ignoring case.
+     * The padding is parsed greedily. Thus, if the decorated element starts with
+     * the pad character, it will not be parsed.
+     *
+     * @param {number} padWidth  the pad width, 1 or greater
+     * @param {String} padChar  the pad character
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if pad width is too small
+     */
+    _padNext2(padWidth, padChar) {
+        if (padWidth < 1) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException('The pad width must be at least one but was ' + padWidth);
+        }
+        this._active._padNextWidth = padWidth;
+        this._active._padNextChar = padChar;
+        this._active._valueParserIndex = -1;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Mark the start of an optional section.
+     *
+     * The output of printing can include optional sections, which may be nested.
+     * An optional section is started by calling this method and ended by calling
+     * {@link optionalEnd} or by ending the build process.
+     *
+     * All elements in the optional section are treated as optional.
+     * During printing, the section is only output if data is available in the
+     * {@link TemporalAccessor} for all the elements in the section.
+     * During parsing, the whole section may be missing from the parsed string.
+     *
+     * For example, consider a builder setup as
+     * `builder.appendValue(HOUR_OF_DAY,2).optionalStart().appendValue(MINUTE_OF_HOUR,2)`.
+     * The optional section ends automatically at the end of the builder.
+     * During printing, the minute will only be output if its value can be obtained from the date-time.
+     * During parsing, the input will be successfully parsed whether the minute is present or not.
+     *
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     */
+    optionalStart() {
+        this._active._valueParserIndex = -1;
+        this._active = DateTimeFormatterBuilder._of(this._active, true);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ends an optional section.
+     *
+     * The output of printing can include optional sections, which may be nested.
+     * An optional section is started by calling {@link optionalStart} and ended
+     * using this method (or at the end of the builder).
+     *
+     * Calling this method without having previously called `optionalStart`
+     * will throw an exception.
+     * Calling this method immediately after calling `optionalStart` has no effect
+     * on the formatter other than ending the (empty) optional section.
+     *
+     * All elements in the optional section are treated as optional.
+     * During printing, the section is only output if data is available in the
+     * {@link TemporalAccessor} for all the elements in the section.
+     * During parsing, the whole section may be missing from the parsed string.
+     *
+     * For example, consider a builder setup as
+     * `builder.appendValue(HOUR_OF_DAY,2).optionalStart().appendValue(MINUTE_OF_HOUR,2).optionalEnd()`.
+     * During printing, the minute will only be output if its value can be obtained from the date-time.
+     * During parsing, the input will be successfully parsed whether the minute is present or not.
+     *
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if there was no previous call to `optionalStart`
+     */
+    optionalEnd() {
+        if (this._active._parent == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException('Cannot call optionalEnd() as there was no previous call to optionalStart()');
+        }
+        if (this._active._printerParsers.length > 0) {
+            const cpp = new CompositePrinterParser(this._active._printerParsers, this._active._optional);
+            this._active = this._active._parent;
+            this._appendInternal(cpp);
+        } else {
+            this._active = this._active._parent;
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends a printer and/or parser to the internal list handling padding.
+     *
+     * @param pp  the printer-parser to add, not null
+     * @return the index into the active parsers list
+     */
+    _appendInternal(pp) {
+        assert(pp != null);
+        if (this._active._padNextWidth > 0) {
+            if (pp != null) {
+                pp = new PadPrinterParserDecorator(pp, this._active._padNextWidth, this._active._padNextChar);
+            }
+            this._active._padNextWidth = 0;
+            this._active._padNextChar = 0;
+        }
+        this._active._printerParsers.push(pp);
+        this._active._valueParserIndex = -1;
+        return this._active._printerParsers.length - 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends a string literal to the formatter.
+     *
+     * This string will be output during a print.
+     *
+     * If the literal is empty, nothing is added to the formatter.
+     *
+     * @param literal  the literal to append, not null
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     */
+    appendLiteral(literal) {
+        assert(literal != null);
+        if (literal.length > 0) {
+            if (literal.length === 1) {
+                this._appendInternalPrinterParser(new CharLiteralPrinterParser(literal.charAt(0)));
+            } else {
+                this._appendInternalPrinterParser(new StringLiteralPrinterParser(literal));
+            }
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends a printer and/or parser to the internal list handling padding.
+     *
+     * @param pp  the printer-parser to add, not null
+     * @return the index into the active parsers list
+     */
+    _appendInternalPrinterParser(pp) {
+        assert(pp != null);
+        if (this._active._padNextWidth > 0) {
+            if (pp != null) {
+                pp = new PadPrinterParserDecorator(pp, this._active._padNextWidth, this._active._padNextChar);
+            }
+            this._active._padNextWidth = 0;
+            this._active._padNextChar = 0;
+        }
+        this._active._printerParsers.push(pp);
+        this._active._valueParserIndex = -1;
+        return this._active._printerParsers.length - 1;
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Appends all the elements of a formatter to the builder.
+     *
+     * This method has the same effect as appending each of the constituent
+     * parts of the formatter directly to this builder.
+     *
+     * @param {DateTimeFormatter} formatter  the formatter to add, not null
+     * @return {DateTimeFormatterBuilder} this, for chaining, not null
+     */
+    append(formatter) {
+        requireNonNull(formatter, 'formatter');
+        this._appendInternal(formatter._toPrinterParser(false));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Completes this builder by creating the DateTimeFormatter.
+     *
+     * This will create a formatter with the specified locale.
+     * Numbers will be printed and parsed using the standard non-localized set of symbols.
+     *
+     * Calling this method will end any open optional sections by repeatedly
+     * calling {@link optionalEnd} before creating the formatter.
+     *
+     * This builder can still be used after creating the formatter if desired,
+     * although the state may have been changed by calls to `optionalEnd`.
+     *
+     * @param resolverStyle  the new resolver style
+     * @return the created formatter, not null
+     */
+    toFormatter(resolverStyle=ResolverStyle.SMART) {
+        while (this._active._parent != null) {
+            this.optionalEnd();
+        }
+        const pp = new CompositePrinterParser(this._printerParsers, false);
+        return new DateTimeFormatter(pp, null, DecimalStyle.STANDARD, resolverStyle, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+}
+
+// days in a 400 year cycle = 146097
+// days in a 10,000 year cycle = 146097 * 25
+// seconds per day = 86400
+const SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS = 146097 * 25 * 86400;
+const SECONDS_0000_TO_1970 = ((146097 * 5) - (30 * 365 + 7)) * 86400;
+
+/**
+ * Prints or parses an ISO-8601 instant.
+ */
+class InstantPrinterParser  {
+
+    constructor(fractionalDigits) {
+        this.fractionalDigits = fractionalDigits;
+    }
+
+    print(context, buf) {
+        // use INSTANT_SECONDS, thus this code is not bound by Instant.MAX
+        const inSecs = context.getValue(ChronoField.INSTANT_SECONDS);
+        let inNanos = 0;
+        if (context.temporal().isSupported(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND)) {
+            inNanos = context.temporal().getLong(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND);
+        }
+        if (inSecs == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const inSec = inSecs;
+        let inNano = ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND.checkValidIntValue(inNanos);
+        if (inSec >= -SECONDS_0000_TO_1970) {
+            // current era
+            const zeroSecs = inSec - SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS + SECONDS_0000_TO_1970;
+            const hi = MathUtil.floorDiv(zeroSecs, SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS) + 1;
+            const lo = MathUtil.floorMod(zeroSecs, SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS);
+            const ldt = LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(lo - SECONDS_0000_TO_1970, 0, ZoneOffset.UTC);
+            if (hi > 0) {
+                buf.append('+').append(hi);
+            }
+            buf.append(ldt);
+            if (ldt.second() === 0) {
+                buf.append(':00');
+            }
+        } else {
+            // before current era
+            const zeroSecs = inSec + SECONDS_0000_TO_1970;
+            const hi = MathUtil.intDiv(zeroSecs, SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS);
+            const lo = MathUtil.intMod(zeroSecs, SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS);
+            const ldt = LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(lo - SECONDS_0000_TO_1970, 0, ZoneOffset.UTC);
+            const pos = buf.length();
+            buf.append(ldt);
+            if (ldt.second() === 0) {
+                buf.append(':00');
+            }
+            if (hi < 0) {
+                if (ldt.year() === -10000) {
+                    buf.replace(pos, pos + 2, '' + (hi - 1));
+                } else if (lo === 0) {
+                    buf.insert(pos, hi);
+                } else {
+                    buf.insert(pos + 1, Math.abs(hi));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        //fraction
+        if (this.fractionalDigits === -2) {
+            if (inNano !== 0) {
+                buf.append('.');
+                if (MathUtil.intMod(inNano, 1000000) === 0) {
+                    buf.append(('' + (MathUtil.intDiv(inNano, 1000000) + 1000)).substring(1));
+                } else if (MathUtil.intMod(inNano, 1000) === 0) {
+                    buf.append(('' + (MathUtil.intDiv(inNano, 1000) + 1000000)).substring(1));
+                } else {
+                    buf.append(('' + ((inNano) + 1000000000)).substring(1));
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (this.fractionalDigits > 0 || (this.fractionalDigits === -1 && inNano > 0)) {
+            buf.append('.');
+            let div = 100000000;
+            for (let i = 0; ((this.fractionalDigits === -1 && inNano > 0) || i < this.fractionalDigits); i++) {
+                const digit = MathUtil.intDiv(inNano, div);
+                buf.append(digit);
+                inNano = inNano - (digit * div);
+                div = MathUtil.intDiv(div, 10);
+            }
+        }
+        buf.append('Z');
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    parse(context, text, position) {
+        // new context to avoid overwriting fields like year/month/day
+        const newContext = context.copy();
+        const minDigits = (this.fractionalDigits < 0 ? 0 : this.fractionalDigits);
+        const maxDigits = (this.fractionalDigits < 0 ? 9 : this.fractionalDigits);
+        const parser = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder()
+            .append(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE).appendLiteral('T')
+            .appendValue(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY, 2).appendLiteral(':').appendValue(ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR, 2).appendLiteral(':')
+            .appendValue(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE, 2).appendFraction(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND, minDigits, maxDigits, true).appendLiteral('Z')
+            .toFormatter()._toPrinterParser(false);
+        const pos = parser.parse(newContext, text, position);
+        if (pos < 0) {
+            return pos;
+        }
+        // parser restricts most fields to 2 digits, so definitely int
+        // correctly parsed nano is also guaranteed to be valid
+        const yearParsed = newContext.getParsed(ChronoField.YEAR);
+        const month = newContext.getParsed(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);
+        const day = newContext.getParsed(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);
+        let hour = newContext.getParsed(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY);
+        const min = newContext.getParsed(ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR);
+        const secVal = newContext.getParsed(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE);
+        const nanoVal = newContext.getParsed(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND);
+        let sec = (secVal != null ? secVal : 0);
+        const nano = (nanoVal != null ? nanoVal : 0);
+        const year = MathUtil.intMod(yearParsed, 10000);
+        let days = 0;
+        if (hour === 24 && min === 0 && sec === 0 && nano === 0) {
+            hour = 0;
+            days = 1;
+        } else if (hour === 23 && min === 59 && sec === 60) {
+            context.setParsedLeapSecond();
+            sec = 59;
+        }
+        let instantSecs;
+        try {
+            const ldt = LocalDateTime.of(year, month, day, hour, min, sec, 0).plusDays(days);
+            instantSecs = ldt.toEpochSecond(ZoneOffset.UTC);
+            instantSecs += MathUtil.safeMultiply(MathUtil.intDiv(yearParsed, 10000), SECONDS_PER_10000_YEARS);
+        } catch (ex) {
+            return ~position;
+        }
+        let successPos = pos;
+        successPos = context.setParsedField(ChronoField.INSTANT_SECONDS, instantSecs, position, successPos);
+        return context.setParsedField(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND, nano, position, successPos);
+    }
+
+    toString() {
+        return 'Instant()';
+    }
+}
+
+
+export function _init() {
+    ReducedPrinterParser.BASE_DATE = LocalDate.of(2000, 1, 1);
+
+    DateTimeFormatterBuilder.CompositePrinterParser = CompositePrinterParser;
+    DateTimeFormatterBuilder.PadPrinterParserDecorator = PadPrinterParserDecorator;
+    DateTimeFormatterBuilder.SettingsParser = SettingsParser;
+    DateTimeFormatterBuilder.CharLiteralPrinterParser = StringLiteralPrinterParser;
+    DateTimeFormatterBuilder.StringLiteralPrinterParser = StringLiteralPrinterParser;
+    DateTimeFormatterBuilder.CharLiteralPrinterParser = CharLiteralPrinterParser;
+    DateTimeFormatterBuilder.NumberPrinterParser = NumberPrinterParser;
+    DateTimeFormatterBuilder.ReducedPrinterParser = ReducedPrinterParser;
+    DateTimeFormatterBuilder.FractionPrinterParser = FractionPrinterParser;
+    DateTimeFormatterBuilder.OffsetIdPrinterParser = OffsetIdPrinterParser;
+    DateTimeFormatterBuilder.ZoneIdPrinterParser = ZoneIdPrinterParser;
+}