@openclaw/feishu 2026.7.2-beta.2 → 2026.7.2-beta.4

package/dist/{send-DrWM_Ilf.js → media-CRJunSRr.js}

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 import { d as isRecord$1, h as requestFeishuApi, s as resolveFeishuRuntimeAccount } from "./accounts-BDoGHJDk.js";
 import { i as resolveReceiveIdType, r as normalizeFeishuTarget } from "./targets-BUjQ1TcA.js";
-import { c as assertFeishuPostWithinEnvelope, f as materializeFeishuPostMarkdownSoftBreaks, i as toFeishuSendResult, l as buildFeishuPostMessageContent, o as resolveFeishuCardTemplate, r as resolveFeishuReceiptKind, t as assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess } from "./send-result-DsqTk27v.js";
-import { r as createFeishuClient } from "./client-87BmeMpj.js";
+import { c as assertFeishuPostWithinEnvelope, f as materializeFeishuPostMarkdownSoftBreaks, i as toFeishuSendResult, l as buildFeishuPostMessageContent, o as resolveFeishuCardTemplate, r as resolveFeishuReceiptKind, t as assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess } from "./send-result-DfE5Fhz6.js";
+import { r as createFeishuClient } from "./client-Dee7cKsS.js";
 import { t as getFeishuRuntime } from "./runtime-C5JxBWZp.js";
 import { parseStrictNonNegativeInteger } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/number-runtime";
 import { isRecord, normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/string-coerce-runtime";
 import { convertMarkdownTables } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/text-chunking";
 import fs from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
+import { PlatformMessageNotDispatchedError } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/error-runtime";
 import { MEDIA_FFMPEG_MAX_AUDIO_DURATION_SECS, runFfmpeg, runFfprobe } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/media-runtime";
+import { isBlockedHostnameOrIp, resolvePinnedHostnameWithPolicy } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/ssrf-runtime";
 import { resolveMarkdownTableMode } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/markdown-table-runtime";
 import { readRegularFile, writeExternalFileWithinRoot } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/security-runtime";
 import { Readable } from "node:stream";
@@ -38,6 +40,33 @@ function resolveFeishuIdentityHeaderTitle(identity) {
 	return (emoji ? `${emoji} ${name}` : name).trim();
 }
 //#endregion
+//#region extensions/feishu/src/media-fallback.ts
+const FEISHU_MEDIA_UPLOAD_FAILURE_FALLBACK_TEXT = "Media upload failed. Please try again.";
+function hasAsciiControlCharacter(value) {
+	return Array.from(value).some((character) => {
+		const code = character.charCodeAt(0);
+		return code <= 31 || code === 127;
+	});
+}
+async function resolvePublicFeishuMediaReference(value) {
+	const raw = value?.trim();
+	if (!raw || hasAsciiControlCharacter(raw)) return;
+	try {
+		const parsed = new URL(raw);
+		if (parsed.protocol !== "https:" && parsed.protocol !== "http:") return;
+		if (parsed.username || parsed.password || isBlockedHostnameOrIp(parsed.hostname)) return;
+		await resolvePinnedHostnameWithPolicy(parsed.hostname);
+		return parsed.href;
+	} catch {
+		return;
+	}
+}
+async function buildFeishuMediaFallbackText(params) {
+	const mediaUrl = await resolvePublicFeishuMediaReference(params.mediaUrl);
+	const attachmentText = mediaUrl ? `${params.mediaLinkStyle === "plain" ? "" : "📎 "}${mediaUrl}` : FEISHU_MEDIA_UPLOAD_FAILURE_FALLBACK_TEXT;
+	return [params.text?.trim(), attachmentText].filter(Boolean).join("\n\n");
+}
+//#endregion
 //#region extensions/feishu/src/external-keys.ts
 const CONTROL_CHARS_RE = /\p{Cc}/u;
 const MAX_EXTERNAL_KEY_LENGTH = 512;
@@ -117,1172 +146,1201 @@ function resolveFeishuSendTarget(params) {
 	};
 }
 //#endregion
-//#region extensions/feishu/src/media.ts
-const FEISHU_MEDIA_HTTP_TIMEOUT_MS = 12e4;
-const FEISHU_VOICE_FILE_NAME = "voice.ogg";
-const FEISHU_VOICE_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ = 48e3;
-const FEISHU_VOICE_BITRATE = "64k";
-const FEISHU_TRANSCODABLE_AUDIO_EXTS = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
-	".aac",
-	".aiff",
-	".alac",
-	".amr",
-	".caf",
-	".flac",
-	".m4a",
-	".mp3",
-	".oga",
-	".wav",
-	".webm",
-	".wma"
-]);
-function createConfiguredFeishuMediaClient(params) {
-	const account = resolveFeishuRuntimeAccount({
-		cfg: params.cfg,
-		accountId: params.accountId
-	});
-	if (!account.configured) throw new Error(`Feishu account "${account.accountId}" not configured`);
-	return {
-		account,
-		client: createFeishuClient({
-			...account,
-			httpTimeoutMs: FEISHU_MEDIA_HTTP_TIMEOUT_MS
-		})
-	};
+//#region extensions/feishu/src/types.ts
+function isFeishuGroupChatType(chatType) {
+	return chatType === "group" || chatType === "topic_group";
 }
-function asHeaderMap(value) {
-	if (!value) return;
-	const entries = Object.entries(value);
-	if (entries.every(([, entry]) => typeof entry === "string" || Array.isArray(entry))) return Object.fromEntries(entries);
+//#endregion
+//#region extensions/feishu/src/mention.ts
+function isFeishuBroadcastMention(mention) {
+	const normalizedKey = mention.key?.trim().toLowerCase();
+	if (normalizedKey === "@all" || normalizedKey === "@_all") return true;
+	return [
+		mention.id?.open_id,
+		mention.id?.user_id,
+		mention.id?.union_id
+	].some((id) => id?.trim().toLowerCase() === "all");
 }
-function extractFeishuUploadKey(response, params) {
-	if (!response) throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: empty response`);
-	const wrappedResponse = response;
-	if (wrappedResponse.code !== void 0 && wrappedResponse.code !== 0) throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: ${wrappedResponse.msg || `code ${wrappedResponse.code}`}`);
-	const key = params.key === "image_key" ? wrappedResponse.image_key ?? wrappedResponse.data?.image_key : wrappedResponse.file_key ?? wrappedResponse.data?.file_key;
-	if (!key) throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: no ${params.key} returned`);
-	return key;
+/**
+* Extract mention targets from message event (excluding the bot itself)
+*/
+function extractMentionTargets(event, botOpenId) {
+	return (event.message.mentions ?? []).filter((m) => {
+		if (isFeishuBroadcastMention(m)) return false;
+		if (m.id.open_id === botOpenId) return false;
+		return Boolean(m.id.open_id);
+	}).map((m) => ({
+		openId: m.id.open_id,
+		name: m.name,
+		key: m.key
+	}));
 }
-function readHeaderValue(headers, name) {
-	if (!headers) return;
-	for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(headers)) {
-		if (normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(key) !== normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(name)) continue;
-		if (typeof value === "string" && value.trim()) return value.trim();
-		if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-			const first = value.find((entry) => typeof entry === "string" && entry.trim());
-			if (typeof first === "string") return first.trim();
-		}
-	}
+/**
+* Check if message is a mention forward request
+* Rules:
+* - Group: message mentions bot + at least one other user
+* - DM: message mentions any user (no need to mention bot)
+*/
+function isMentionForwardRequest(event, botOpenId) {
+	const mentions = event.message.mentions ?? [];
+	if (mentions.length === 0) return false;
+	const normalizedBotOpenId = botOpenId?.trim();
+	if (!normalizedBotOpenId) return false;
+	const isDirectMessage = !isFeishuGroupChatType(event.message.chat_type);
+	const userMentions = mentions.filter((m) => !isFeishuBroadcastMention(m));
+	const hasOtherMention = userMentions.some((m) => m.id.open_id !== normalizedBotOpenId);
+	if (isDirectMessage) return hasOtherMention;
+	return userMentions.some((m) => m.id.open_id === normalizedBotOpenId) && hasOtherMention;
 }
-function readHttpStatusFromError(error) {
-	if (!error || typeof error !== "object") return;
-	const response = error.response;
-	if (response && typeof response === "object") {
-		const status = response.status;
-		if (typeof status === "number") return status;
-	}
-	const status = error.status;
-	return typeof status === "number" ? status : void 0;
+/**
+* Format @mention for card message (lark_md)
+*/
+function formatMentionForCard(target) {
+	return `<at id=${target.openId}></at>`;
 }
-function isHttpStatusError(error, status) {
-	return readHttpStatusFromError(error) === status;
+/**
+* Build card content with @mentions (Markdown format)
+*/
+function buildMentionedCardContent(targets, message) {
+	if (targets.length === 0) return message;
+	return `${targets.map((t) => formatMentionForCard(t)).join(" ")} ${message}`;
 }
-function containsEastAsianScript(value) {
-	return /[\p{Script=Han}\p{Script=Hiragana}\p{Script=Katakana}\p{Script=Hangul}]/u.test(value);
+//#endregion
+//#region extensions/feishu/src/post.ts
+const FALLBACK_POST_TEXT = "[Rich text message]";
+const MARKDOWN_SPECIAL_CHARS = /([\\`*_{}[\]()#+\-!|>~])/g;
+function toStringOrEmpty(value) {
+	return typeof value === "string" ? value : "";
 }
-function recoverUtf8FileNameFromLatin1Header(value) {
-	const recovered = Buffer.from(value, "latin1").toString("utf8");
-	if (recovered !== value && !recovered.includes("�") && containsEastAsianScript(recovered)) return recovered;
-	return value;
+function escapeMarkdownText(text) {
+	return text.replace(MARKDOWN_SPECIAL_CHARS, "\\$1");
 }
-function decodeDispositionFileName(value) {
-	const utf8Match = value.match(/filename\*=UTF-8''([^;]+)/i);
-	if (utf8Match?.[1]) try {
-		return decodeURIComponent(utf8Match[1].trim().replace(/^"(.*)"$/, "$1"));
-	} catch {
-		return utf8Match[1].trim().replace(/^"(.*)"$/, "$1");
+function toBoolean(value) {
+	return value === true || value === 1 || value === "true";
+}
+function isStyleEnabled(style, key) {
+	if (!style) return false;
+	return toBoolean(style[key]);
+}
+function wrapInlineCode(text) {
+	const maxRun = Math.max(0, ...(text.match(/`+/g) ?? []).map((run) => run.length));
+	const fence = "`".repeat(maxRun + 1);
+	return `${fence}${text.startsWith("`") || text.endsWith("`") ? ` ${text} ` : text}${fence}`;
+}
+function sanitizeFenceLanguage(language) {
+	return language.trim().replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9_+#.-]/g, "");
+}
+function renderTextElement(element) {
+	const text = toStringOrEmpty(element.text);
+	const style = isRecord$1(element.style) ? element.style : void 0;
+	if (isStyleEnabled(style, "code")) return wrapInlineCode(text);
+	let rendered = escapeMarkdownText(text);
+	if (!rendered) return "";
+	if (isStyleEnabled(style, "bold")) rendered = `**${rendered}**`;
+	if (isStyleEnabled(style, "italic")) rendered = `*${rendered}*`;
+	if (isStyleEnabled(style, "underline")) rendered = `<u>${rendered}</u>`;
+	if (isStyleEnabled(style, "strikethrough") || isStyleEnabled(style, "line_through") || isStyleEnabled(style, "lineThrough")) rendered = `~~${rendered}~~`;
+	return rendered;
+}
+function renderLinkElement(element) {
+	const href = toStringOrEmpty(element.href).trim();
+	const text = toStringOrEmpty(element.text) || href;
+	if (!text) return "";
+	if (!href) return escapeMarkdownText(text);
+	return `[${escapeMarkdownText(text)}](${href})`;
+}
+function renderMentionElement(element) {
+	const mention = toStringOrEmpty(element.user_name) || toStringOrEmpty(element.user_id) || toStringOrEmpty(element.open_id);
+	if (!mention) return "";
+	return `@${escapeMarkdownText(mention)}`;
+}
+function renderEmotionElement(element) {
+	return escapeMarkdownText(toStringOrEmpty(element.emoji) || toStringOrEmpty(element.text) || toStringOrEmpty(element.emoji_type));
+}
+function renderCodeBlockElement(element) {
+	const language = sanitizeFenceLanguage(toStringOrEmpty(element.language) || toStringOrEmpty(element.lang));
+	const code = (toStringOrEmpty(element.text) || toStringOrEmpty(element.content)).replace(/\r\n/g, "\n");
+	return `\`\`\`${language}\n${code}${code.endsWith("\n") ? "" : "\n"}\`\`\``;
+}
+function renderElement(element, imageKeys, mediaKeys, mentionedOpenIds, renderMediaPlaceholders) {
+	if (!isRecord$1(element)) return escapeMarkdownText(toStringOrEmpty(element));
+	switch (normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(toStringOrEmpty(element.tag))) {
+		case "text": return renderTextElement(element);
+		case "a": return renderLinkElement(element);
+		case "at":
+			{
+				const normalizedMention = normalizeFeishuExternalKey(toStringOrEmpty(element.open_id) || toStringOrEmpty(element.user_id));
+				if (normalizedMention) mentionedOpenIds.push(normalizedMention);
+			}
+			return renderMentionElement(element);
+		case "img": {
+			const imageKey = normalizeFeishuExternalKey(toStringOrEmpty(element.image_key));
+			if (imageKey) imageKeys.push(imageKey);
+			return renderMediaPlaceholders ? "![image]" : "";
+		}
+		case "media": {
+			const fileKey = normalizeFeishuExternalKey(toStringOrEmpty(element.file_key));
+			if (fileKey) {
+				const fileName = toStringOrEmpty(element.file_name) || void 0;
+				mediaKeys.push({
+					fileKey,
+					fileName
+				});
+			}
+			return renderMediaPlaceholders ? "[media]" : "";
+		}
+		case "emotion": return renderEmotionElement(element);
+		case "md":
+		case "lark_md": return toStringOrEmpty(element.text) || toStringOrEmpty(element.content);
+		case "br": return "\n";
+		case "hr": return "\n\n---\n\n";
+		case "code": {
+			const code = toStringOrEmpty(element.text) || toStringOrEmpty(element.content);
+			return code ? wrapInlineCode(code) : "";
+		}
+		case "code_block":
+		case "pre": return renderCodeBlockElement(element);
+		default: return escapeMarkdownText(toStringOrEmpty(element.text));
 	}
-	const plainFileName = value.match(/filename="?([^";]+)"?/i)?.[1]?.trim();
-	return plainFileName ? recoverUtf8FileNameFromLatin1Header(plainFileName) : void 0;
 }
-function extractFeishuDownloadMetadata(response) {
-	const responseWithOptionalFields = response;
-	const headers = asHeaderMap(responseWithOptionalFields.headers) ?? asHeaderMap(responseWithOptionalFields.header);
-	const contentType = readHeaderValue(headers, "content-type") ?? responseWithOptionalFields.contentType ?? responseWithOptionalFields.mime_type ?? responseWithOptionalFields.data?.contentType ?? responseWithOptionalFields.data?.mime_type;
-	const disposition = readHeaderValue(headers, "content-disposition");
+function toPostPayload(candidate) {
+	if (!isRecord$1(candidate) || !Array.isArray(candidate.content)) return null;
 	return {
-		contentType,
-		fileName: (disposition ? decodeDispositionFileName(disposition) : void 0) ?? responseWithOptionalFields.file_name ?? responseWithOptionalFields.fileName ?? responseWithOptionalFields.data?.file_name ?? responseWithOptionalFields.data?.fileName
+		title: toStringOrEmpty(candidate.title),
+		content: candidate.content
 	};
 }
-function mediaLimitError(maxBytes) {
-	return /* @__PURE__ */ new Error(`Media exceeds ${Math.round(maxBytes / (1024 * 1024))}MB limit`);
+function resolveLocalePayload(candidate) {
+	const direct = toPostPayload(candidate);
+	if (direct) return direct;
+	if (!isRecord$1(candidate)) return null;
+	for (const value of Object.values(candidate)) {
+		const localePayload = toPostPayload(value);
+		if (localePayload) return localePayload;
+	}
+	return null;
 }
-async function saveFeishuResponseMedia(params) {
-	const { response, maxBytes, contentType, fileName } = params;
-	if (Buffer.isBuffer(response)) return saveMediaBuffer(response, contentType, "inbound", maxBytes, fileName);
-	if (response instanceof ArrayBuffer) return saveMediaBuffer(Buffer.from(response), contentType, "inbound", maxBytes, fileName);
-	const responseWithOptionalFields = response;
-	if (responseWithOptionalFields.code !== void 0 && responseWithOptionalFields.code !== 0) throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: ${responseWithOptionalFields.msg || `code ${responseWithOptionalFields.code}`}`);
-	if (responseWithOptionalFields.data && Buffer.isBuffer(responseWithOptionalFields.data)) return saveMediaBuffer(responseWithOptionalFields.data, contentType, "inbound", maxBytes, fileName);
-	if (responseWithOptionalFields.data instanceof ArrayBuffer) return saveMediaBuffer(Buffer.from(responseWithOptionalFields.data), contentType, "inbound", maxBytes, fileName);
-	const save = (stream, ct = contentType, mb = maxBytes, fn = fileName) => saveMediaStreamWithIdleTimeout(stream, ct, mb, fn, FEISHU_MEDIA_HTTP_TIMEOUT_MS);
-	if (typeof response.getReadableStream === "function") return save(response.getReadableStream());
-	if (typeof response.writeFile === "function") return await withTempDownloadPath({ prefix: params.tmpDirPrefix }, async (tmpPath) => {
-		await response.writeFile(tmpPath);
-		if ((await fs.promises.stat(tmpPath)).size > maxBytes) throw mediaLimitError(maxBytes);
-		return await save(fs.createReadStream(tmpPath));
-	});
-	if (responseWithOptionalFields[Symbol.asyncIterator]) return save(responseWithOptionalFields);
-	if (response instanceof Readable) return save(response);
-	const keys = Object.keys(response);
-	throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: unexpected response format. Keys: [${keys.join(", ")}]`);
-}
-async function saveMessageResourceWithType(params) {
-	const response = await params.client.im.messageResource.get({
-		path: {
-			message_id: params.messageId,
-			file_key: params.fileKey
-		},
-		params: { type: params.type }
-	});
-	const meta = extractFeishuDownloadMetadata(response);
-	return {
-		saved: await saveFeishuResponseMedia({
-			response,
-			tmpDirPrefix: "openclaw-feishu-resource-",
-			errorPrefix: "Feishu message resource download failed",
-			maxBytes: params.maxBytes,
-			contentType: meta.contentType,
-			fileName: meta.fileName ?? (params.originalFilename ? recoverUtf8FileNameFromLatin1Header(params.originalFilename) : void 0)
-		}),
-		...meta
-	};
+function resolvePostPayload(parsed) {
+	const direct = toPostPayload(parsed);
+	if (direct) return direct;
+	if (!isRecord$1(parsed)) return null;
+	const wrappedPost = resolveLocalePayload(parsed.post);
+	if (wrappedPost) return wrappedPost;
+	return resolveLocalePayload(parsed);
 }
-async function saveMessageResourceFeishu(params) {
-	const { cfg, messageId, fileKey, type, accountId, maxBytes, originalFilename } = params;
-	const normalizedFileKey = normalizeFeishuExternalKey(fileKey);
-	if (!normalizedFileKey) throw new Error("Feishu message resource download failed: invalid file_key");
-	const { client } = createConfiguredFeishuMediaClient({
-		cfg,
-		accountId
-	});
+function parsePostContent(content, options = {}) {
 	try {
-		return await saveMessageResourceWithType({
-			client,
-			messageId,
-			fileKey: normalizedFileKey,
-			type,
-			maxBytes,
-			originalFilename
-		});
-	} catch (err) {
-		if (type !== "file" || !isHttpStatusError(err, 502)) throw err;
-		try {
-			return await saveMessageResourceWithType({
-				client,
-				messageId,
-				fileKey: normalizedFileKey,
-				type: "media",
-				maxBytes,
-				originalFilename
-			});
-		} catch {
-			throw err;
+		const payload = resolvePostPayload(JSON.parse(content));
+		if (!payload) return {
+			textContent: FALLBACK_POST_TEXT,
+			imageKeys: [],
+			mediaKeys: [],
+			mentionedOpenIds: []
+		};
+		const imageKeys = [];
+		const mediaKeys = [];
+		const mentionedOpenIds = [];
+		const paragraphs = [];
+		for (const paragraph of payload.content) {
+			if (!Array.isArray(paragraph)) continue;
+			let renderedParagraph = "";
+			for (const element of paragraph) renderedParagraph += renderElement(element, imageKeys, mediaKeys, mentionedOpenIds, options.renderMediaPlaceholders !== false);
+			paragraphs.push(renderedParagraph);
 		}
+		return {
+			textContent: [escapeMarkdownText(payload.title.trim()), paragraphs.join("\n").trim()].filter(Boolean).join("\n\n").trim() || (options.emptyTextFallback ?? FALLBACK_POST_TEXT),
+			imageKeys,
+			mediaKeys,
+			mentionedOpenIds
+		};
+	} catch {
+		return {
+			textContent: FALLBACK_POST_TEXT,
+			imageKeys: [],
+			mediaKeys: [],
+			mentionedOpenIds: []
+		};
 	}
 }
-/**
-* Upload an image to Feishu and get an image_key for sending.
-* Supports: JPEG, PNG, WEBP, GIF, TIFF, BMP, ICO
-*/
-async function uploadImageFeishu(params) {
-	const { cfg, image, imageType = "message", accountId } = params;
-	const { client } = createConfiguredFeishuMediaClient({
-		cfg,
-		accountId
-	});
-	const imageData = typeof image === "string" ? (await readRegularFile({ filePath: image })).buffer : image;
-	return { imageKey: extractFeishuUploadKey(await requestFeishuApi(() => client.im.image.create({ data: {
-		image_type: imageType,
-		image: imageData
-	} }), "Feishu image upload failed", { includeNestedErrorLogId: true }), {
-		key: "image_key",
-		errorPrefix: "Feishu image upload failed"
-	}) };
-}
-/**
-* Sanitize a filename for safe use in Feishu multipart/form-data uploads.
-* Strips control characters and multipart-injection vectors (CWE-93) while
-* preserving the original UTF-8 display name (Chinese, emoji, etc.).
-*
-* Previous versions percent-encoded non-ASCII characters, but the Feishu
-* `im.file.create` API uses `file_name` as a literal display name — it does
-* NOT decode percent-encoding — so encoded filenames appeared as garbled text
-* in chat (regression in v2026.3.2).
-*/
-function sanitizeFileNameForUpload(fileName) {
-	return fileName.replace(/[\p{Cc}"\\]/gu, "_");
+//#endregion
+//#region extensions/feishu/src/send.ts
+const WITHDRAWN_REPLY_ERROR_CODES = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([230011, 231003]);
+const INTERACTIVE_CARD_FALLBACK_TEXT = "[Interactive Card]";
+const POST_FALLBACK_TEXT = "[Rich text message]";
+function shouldFallbackFromReplyTarget(response) {
+	if (response.code !== void 0 && WITHDRAWN_REPLY_ERROR_CODES.has(response.code)) return true;
+	const msg = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(response.msg);
+	return msg.includes("withdrawn") || msg.includes("not found");
 }
-/**
-* Upload a file to Feishu and get a file_key for sending.
-* Max file size: 30MB
-*/
-async function uploadFileFeishu(params) {
-	const { cfg, file, fileName, fileType, duration, accountId } = params;
-	const { client } = createConfiguredFeishuMediaClient({
-		cfg,
-		accountId
-	});
-	const fileData = typeof file === "string" ? (await readRegularFile({ filePath: file })).buffer : file;
-	const safeFileName = sanitizeFileNameForUpload(fileName);
-	return { fileKey: extractFeishuUploadKey(await requestFeishuApi(() => client.im.file.create({ data: {
-		file_type: fileType,
-		file_name: safeFileName,
-		file: fileData,
-		...duration !== void 0 ? { duration } : {}
-	} }), "Feishu file upload failed", { includeNestedErrorLogId: true }), {
-		key: "file_key",
-		errorPrefix: "Feishu file upload failed"
-	}) };
+/** Check whether a thrown error indicates a withdrawn/not-found reply target. */
+function isWithdrawnReplyError(err) {
+	if (typeof err !== "object" || err === null) return false;
+	const code = err.code;
+	if (typeof code === "number" && WITHDRAWN_REPLY_ERROR_CODES.has(code)) return true;
+	const response = err.response;
+	if (typeof response?.data?.code === "number" && WITHDRAWN_REPLY_ERROR_CODES.has(response.data.code)) return true;
+	const cause = err.cause;
+	if (cause && cause !== err) return isWithdrawnReplyError(cause);
+	return false;
 }
-/**
-* Send an image message using an image_key
-*/
-async function sendImageFeishu(params) {
-	const { cfg, to, imageKey, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, accountId } = params;
-	const { client, receiveId, receiveIdType } = resolveFeishuSendTarget({
-		cfg,
-		to,
-		accountId
-	});
-	const content = JSON.stringify({ image_key: imageKey });
-	if (replyToMessageId) {
-		const response = await requestFeishuApi(() => client.im.message.reply({
-			path: { message_id: replyToMessageId },
-			data: {
-				content,
-				msg_type: "image",
-				...replyInThread ? { reply_in_thread: true } : {}
-			}
-		}), "Feishu image reply failed", { includeNestedErrorLogId: true });
-		assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess(response, "Feishu image reply failed");
-		return toFeishuSendResult(response, receiveId, "media");
-	}
+/** Send a direct message as a fallback when a reply target is unavailable. */
+async function sendFallbackDirect(client, params, errorPrefix) {
 	const response = await requestFeishuApi(() => client.im.message.create({
-		params: { receive_id_type: receiveIdType },
+		params: { receive_id_type: params.receiveIdType },
 		data: {
-			receive_id: receiveId,
-			content,
-			msg_type: "image"
+			receive_id: params.receiveId,
+			content: params.content,
+			msg_type: params.msgType
 		}
-	}), "Feishu image send failed", { includeNestedErrorLogId: true });
-	assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess(response, "Feishu image send failed");
-	return toFeishuSendResult(response, receiveId, "media");
+	}), errorPrefix, { includeNestedErrorLogId: true });
+	assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess(response, errorPrefix);
+	return toFeishuSendResult(response, params.receiveId, resolveFeishuReceiptKind(params.msgType));
 }
-/**
-* Send a file message using a file_key
-*/
-async function sendFileFeishu(params) {
-	const { cfg, to, fileKey, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, accountId } = params;
-	const msgType = params.msgType ?? "file";
-	const { client, receiveId, receiveIdType } = resolveFeishuSendTarget({
-		cfg,
-		to,
-		accountId
-	});
-	const content = JSON.stringify({ file_key: fileKey });
-	if (replyToMessageId) {
-		const response = await requestFeishuApi(() => client.im.message.reply({
-			path: { message_id: replyToMessageId },
+async function sendReplyOrFallbackDirect(client, params) {
+	if (!params.replyToMessageId) return sendFallbackDirect(client, params.directParams, params.directErrorPrefix);
+	const replyTargetFallbackError = params.replyInThread && params.allowTopLevelReplyFallback !== true ? /* @__PURE__ */ new Error("Feishu thread reply failed: reply target is unavailable and cannot safely fall back to a top-level send.") : null;
+	let response;
+	try {
+		response = await requestFeishuApi(() => client.im.message.reply({
+			path: { message_id: params.replyToMessageId },
 			data: {
-				content,
-				msg_type: msgType,
-				...replyInThread ? { reply_in_thread: true } : {}
+				content: params.content,
+				msg_type: params.msgType,
+				...params.replyInThread ? { reply_in_thread: true } : {}
 			}
-		}), "Feishu file reply failed", { includeNestedErrorLogId: true });
-		assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess(response, "Feishu file reply failed");
-		return toFeishuSendResult(response, receiveId, resolveFeishuReceiptKind(msgType));
+		}), params.replyErrorPrefix, { includeNestedErrorLogId: true });
+	} catch (err) {
+		if (!isWithdrawnReplyError(err)) throw err;
+		if (replyTargetFallbackError) throw replyTargetFallbackError;
+		return sendFallbackDirect(client, params.directParams, params.directErrorPrefix);
 	}
-	const response = await requestFeishuApi(() => client.im.message.create({
-		params: { receive_id_type: receiveIdType },
-		data: {
-			receive_id: receiveId,
-			content,
-			msg_type: msgType
-		}
-	}), "Feishu file send failed", { includeNestedErrorLogId: true });
-	assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess(response, "Feishu file send failed");
-	return toFeishuSendResult(response, receiveId, resolveFeishuReceiptKind(msgType));
+	if (shouldFallbackFromReplyTarget(response)) {
+		if (replyTargetFallbackError) throw replyTargetFallbackError;
+		return sendFallbackDirect(client, params.directParams, params.directErrorPrefix);
+	}
+	assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess(response, params.replyErrorPrefix);
+	return toFeishuSendResult(response, params.directParams.receiveId, resolveFeishuReceiptKind(params.msgType));
 }
-/**
-* Helper to detect file type from extension
-*/
-function detectFileType(fileName) {
-	switch (normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(fileName))) {
-		case ".opus":
-		case ".ogg": return "opus";
-		case ".mp4":
-		case ".mov":
-		case ".avi": return "mp4";
-		case ".pdf": return "pdf";
-		case ".doc":
-		case ".docx": return "doc";
-		case ".xls":
-		case ".xlsx": return "xls";
-		case ".ppt":
-		case ".pptx": return "ppt";
-		default: return "stream";
+function normalizeCardTemplateVariable(value) {
+	if (typeof value === "string") return value;
+	if (typeof value === "number" || typeof value === "boolean" || typeof value === "bigint") return String(value);
+}
+function readCardTemplateVariables(parsed) {
+	const variables = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+	for (const source of [parsed.template_variable, parsed.template_variables]) {
+		if (!isRecord(source)) continue;
+		for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(source)) {
+			const normalized = normalizeCardTemplateVariable(value);
+			if (normalized !== void 0) variables.set(key, normalized);
+		}
 	}
+	return variables;
 }
-function resolveFeishuOutboundMediaKind(params) {
-	const { fileName, contentType } = params;
-	const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(fileName));
-	const mimeKind = mediaKindFromMime(contentType);
-	if ([
-		".jpg",
-		".jpeg",
-		".png",
-		".gif",
-		".webp",
-		".bmp",
-		".ico",
-		".tiff"
-	].includes(ext) || mimeKind === "image") return { msgType: "image" };
-	if (ext === ".opus" || ext === ".ogg" || contentType === "audio/ogg" || contentType === "audio/opus") return {
-		fileType: "opus",
-		msgType: "audio"
-	};
-	if ([
-		".mp4",
-		".mov",
-		".avi"
-	].includes(ext) || contentType === "video/mp4" || contentType === "video/quicktime" || contentType === "video/x-msvideo") return {
-		fileType: "mp4",
-		msgType: "media"
-	};
-	const fileType = detectFileType(fileName);
-	return {
-		fileType,
-		msgType: fileType === "stream" ? "file" : fileType === "opus" ? "audio" : fileType === "mp4" ? "media" : "file"
-	};
+function applyCardTemplateVariables(text, variables) {
+	if (variables.size === 0) return text;
+	return text.replace(/\$\{([A-Za-z0-9_.-]+)\}|\{\{\s*([A-Za-z0-9_.-]+)\s*\}\}/g, (match, a, b) => {
+		const variableName = typeof a === "string" ? a : b;
+		return variables.get(variableName) ?? match;
+	});
 }
-function isFeishuNativeVoiceAudio(params) {
-	const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(params.fileName));
-	const contentType = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(params.contentType);
-	return ext === ".opus" || ext === ".ogg" || contentType === "audio/ogg" || contentType === "audio/opus";
+function extractInteractiveElementText(element, variables) {
+	if (!isRecord(element)) return;
+	const tag = typeof element.tag === "string" ? element.tag : "";
+	const text = isRecord(element.text) ? element.text : void 0;
+	if (tag === "div" && typeof text?.content === "string") return applyCardTemplateVariables(text.content, variables);
+	if ((tag === "markdown" || tag === "lark_md") && typeof element.content === "string") return applyCardTemplateVariables(element.content, variables);
+	if (tag === "plain_text" && typeof element.content === "string") return applyCardTemplateVariables(element.content, variables);
 }
-function normalizeMediaNameForExtension(raw) {
-	try {
-		return new URL(raw).pathname;
-	} catch {
-		return raw.split(/[?#]/, 1)[0] ?? raw;
+function extractInteractiveElementsText(elements, variables) {
+	const texts = [];
+	for (const element of elements) {
+		const text = extractInteractiveElementText(element, variables);
+		if (text !== void 0) texts.push(text);
 	}
+	return texts.join("\n").trim();
 }
-function shouldSuppressFeishuTextForVoiceMedia(params) {
-	if (params.audioAsVoice === true) return true;
-	if (params.fileName && isFeishuNativeVoiceAudio({
-		fileName: params.fileName,
-		contentType: params.contentType
-	})) return true;
-	if (!params.mediaUrl) return false;
-	return isFeishuNativeVoiceAudio({
-		fileName: normalizeMediaNameForExtension(params.mediaUrl),
-		contentType: params.contentType
-	});
-}
-function isLikelyTranscodableAudio(params) {
-	const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(params.fileName));
-	const contentType = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(params.contentType);
-	return FEISHU_TRANSCODABLE_AUDIO_EXTS.has(ext) || mediaKindFromMime(contentType) === "audio";
+function readInteractiveElementArrays(parsed) {
+	const body = isRecord(parsed.body) ? parsed.body : void 0;
+	const elementArrays = [];
+	for (const candidate of [parsed.elements, body?.elements]) if (Array.isArray(candidate)) elementArrays.push(candidate);
+	for (const candidate of [parsed.i18n_elements, body?.i18n_elements]) {
+		if (!isRecord(candidate)) continue;
+		for (const localeElements of Object.values(candidate)) if (Array.isArray(localeElements)) elementArrays.push(localeElements);
+	}
+	return elementArrays;
 }
-async function transcodeToFeishuVoiceOpus(params) {
-	return await withTempWorkspace({
-		rootDir: resolvePreferredOpenClawTmpDir(),
-		prefix: "feishu-voice-"
-	}, async (workspace) => {
-		const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(params.fileName));
-		const inputExt = ext && ext.length <= 12 ? ext : ".audio";
-		const inputPath = await workspace.write(`input${inputExt}`, params.buffer);
-		await writeExternalFileWithinRoot({
-			rootDir: workspace.dir,
-			path: FEISHU_VOICE_FILE_NAME,
-			write: async (outputPath) => {
-				await runFfmpeg([
-					"-hide_banner",
-					"-loglevel",
-					"error",
-					"-y",
-					"-i",
-					inputPath,
-					"-vn",
-					"-sn",
-					"-dn",
-					"-t",
-					String(MEDIA_FFMPEG_MAX_AUDIO_DURATION_SECS),
-					"-ar",
-					String(FEISHU_VOICE_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ),
-					"-ac",
-					"1",
-					"-c:a",
-					"libopus",
-					"-b:a",
-					FEISHU_VOICE_BITRATE,
-					"-f",
-					"ogg",
-					outputPath
-				]);
-			}
-		});
-		return {
-			buffer: await workspace.read(FEISHU_VOICE_FILE_NAME),
-			fileName: FEISHU_VOICE_FILE_NAME,
-			contentType: "audio/ogg"
-		};
-	});
+function parseInteractivePostFallback(parsed) {
+	const textContent = parsePostContent(JSON.stringify(parsed)).textContent.trim();
+	return textContent && textContent !== POST_FALLBACK_TEXT ? textContent : void 0;
 }
-async function prepareFeishuVoiceMedia(params) {
-	if (isFeishuNativeVoiceAudio(params)) return params;
-	if (params.audioAsVoice !== true || !isLikelyTranscodableAudio(params)) return params;
-	try {
-		return await transcodeToFeishuVoiceOpus(params);
-	} catch (err) {
-		console.warn(`[feishu] audioAsVoice transcode failed; sending ${params.fileName} as a file attachment:`, err);
-		return params;
+function parseInteractiveCardContent(parsed) {
+	if (!isRecord(parsed)) return INTERACTIVE_CARD_FALLBACK_TEXT;
+	const variables = readCardTemplateVariables(parsed);
+	for (const elements of readInteractiveElementArrays(parsed)) {
+		const text = extractInteractiveElementsText(elements, variables);
+		if (text) return text;
 	}
+	return parseInteractivePostFallback(parsed) ?? INTERACTIVE_CARD_FALLBACK_TEXT;
 }
-async function probeMediaDurationMs(params) {
+function parseFeishuMessageContent(rawContent, msgType) {
+	if (!rawContent) return "";
+	let parsed;
 	try {
-		return await withTempWorkspace({
-			rootDir: resolvePreferredOpenClawTmpDir(),
-			prefix: "feishu-media-probe-"
-		}, async (workspace) => {
-			const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(params.fileName));
-			const inferredExt = ext && ext.length <= 12 ? ext : mediaKindFromMime(params.contentType) === "video" ? ".mp4" : ".ogg";
-			const stdout = await runFfprobe([
-				"-v",
-				"error",
-				"-show_entries",
-				"format=duration",
-				"-of",
-				"csv=p=0",
-				await workspace.write(`input${inferredExt}`, params.buffer)
-			], { timeoutMs: 5e3 });
-			const seconds = Number.parseFloat(stdout.trim());
-			if (!Number.isFinite(seconds) || seconds <= 0) return;
-			return Math.max(1, Math.round(seconds * 1e3));
-		});
-	} catch (err) {
-		console.warn("[feishu] failed to probe media duration; upload will omit it:", err);
-		return;
+		parsed = JSON.parse(rawContent);
+	} catch {
+		return rawContent;
+	}
+	if (msgType === "text") {
+		const text = parsed?.text;
+		return typeof text === "string" ? text : "[Text message]";
 	}
+	if (msgType === "post") return parsePostContent(rawContent).textContent;
+	if (msgType === "interactive") return parseInteractiveCardContent(parsed);
+	if (typeof parsed === "string") return parsed;
+	const genericText = parsed?.text;
+	if (typeof genericText === "string" && genericText.trim()) return genericText;
+	const genericTitle = parsed?.title;
+	if (typeof genericTitle === "string" && genericTitle.trim()) return genericTitle;
+	return `[${msgType || "unknown"} message]`;
 }
-async function maybeProbeUploadDurationMs(params) {
-	if (params.msgType !== "audio" && params.msgType !== "media") return;
-	return await probeMediaDurationMs(params);
+function parseFeishuMessageItem(item, fallbackMessageId) {
+	const msgType = item.msg_type ?? "text";
+	const rawContent = item.body?.content ?? "";
+	return {
+		messageId: item.message_id ?? fallbackMessageId ?? "",
+		chatId: item.chat_id ?? "",
+		chatType: item.chat_type === "group" || item.chat_type === "topic_group" || item.chat_type === "private" || item.chat_type === "p2p" ? item.chat_type : void 0,
+		senderId: item.sender?.id,
+		senderOpenId: item.sender?.id_type === "open_id" ? item.sender?.id : void 0,
+		senderType: item.sender?.sender_type,
+		content: parseFeishuMessageContent(rawContent, msgType),
+		contentType: msgType,
+		createTime: parseStrictNonNegativeInteger(item.create_time),
+		threadId: item.thread_id || void 0
+	};
 }
 /**
-* Upload and send media (image or file) from URL, local path, or buffer.
-* When mediaUrl is a local path, mediaLocalRoots (from core outbound context)
-* must be passed so loadWebMedia allows the path (post CVE-2026-26321).
+* Get a message by its ID.
+* Useful for fetching quoted/replied message content.
 */
-async function sendMediaFeishu(params) {
-	const { cfg, to, mediaUrl, mediaBuffer, fileName, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, accountId, mediaLocalRoots, audioAsVoice } = params;
+async function getMessageFeishu(params) {
+	const { cfg, messageId, accountId } = params;
 	const account = resolveFeishuRuntimeAccount({
 		cfg,
 		accountId
 	});
 	if (!account.configured) throw new Error(`Feishu account "${account.accountId}" not configured`);
-	const mediaMaxBytes = (account.config?.mediaMaxMb ?? 30) * 1024 * 1024;
-	let buffer;
-	let name;
-	let contentType;
-	if (mediaBuffer) {
-		buffer = mediaBuffer;
-		name = fileName ?? "file";
-	} else if (mediaUrl) {
-		const loaded = await getFeishuRuntime().media.loadWebMedia(mediaUrl, {
-			maxBytes: mediaMaxBytes,
-			optimizeImages: false,
-			localRoots: mediaLocalRoots?.length ? mediaLocalRoots : void 0
+	const client = createFeishuClient(account);
+	try {
+		const response = await client.im.message.get({
+			params: { card_msg_content_type: "user_card_content" },
+			path: { message_id: messageId }
 		});
-		buffer = loaded.buffer;
-		name = fileName ?? loaded.fileName ?? "file";
-		contentType = loaded.contentType;
-	} else throw new Error("Either mediaUrl or mediaBuffer must be provided");
-	const prepared = await prepareFeishuVoiceMedia({
-		buffer,
-		fileName: name,
-		contentType,
-		audioAsVoice
-	});
-	buffer = prepared.buffer;
-	name = prepared.fileName;
-	contentType = prepared.contentType;
-	const routing = resolveFeishuOutboundMediaKind({
-		fileName: name,
-		contentType
-	});
-	const voiceIntentDegradedToFile = audioAsVoice === true && routing.msgType !== "audio";
-	if (routing.msgType === "image") {
-		const { imageKey } = await uploadImageFeishu({
-			cfg,
-			image: buffer,
-			accountId
+		if (response.code !== 0) return null;
+		const rawItem = response.data?.items?.[0] ?? response.data;
+		const item = rawItem && (rawItem.body !== void 0 || rawItem.message_id !== void 0) ? rawItem : null;
+		if (!item) return null;
+		return parseFeishuMessageItem(item, messageId);
+	} catch {
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+/**
+* List messages in a Feishu thread (topic).
+* Uses container_id_type=thread to directly query thread messages,
+* which includes both the root message and all replies (including bot replies).
+*/
+async function listFeishuThreadMessages(params) {
+	const { cfg, threadId, currentMessageId, rootMessageId, limit = 20, accountId } = params;
+	const account = resolveFeishuRuntimeAccount({
+		cfg,
+		accountId
+	});
+	if (!account.configured) throw new Error(`Feishu account "${account.accountId}" not configured`);
+	const response = await createFeishuClient(account).im.message.list({ params: {
+		container_id_type: "thread",
+		container_id: threadId,
+		sort_type: "ByCreateTimeDesc",
+		page_size: Math.min(limit + 1, 50),
+		card_msg_content_type: "user_card_content"
+	} });
+	if (response.code !== 0) throw new Error(`Feishu thread list failed: code=${response.code} msg=${response.msg ?? "unknown"}`);
+	const items = response.data?.items ?? [];
+	const results = [];
+	for (const item of items) {
+		if (currentMessageId && item.message_id === currentMessageId) continue;
+		if (rootMessageId && item.message_id === rootMessageId) continue;
+		const parsed = parseFeishuMessageItem(item);
+		results.push({
+			messageId: parsed.messageId,
+			senderId: parsed.senderId,
+			senderType: parsed.senderType,
+			content: parsed.content,
+			contentType: parsed.contentType,
+			createTime: parsed.createTime
 		});
-		return {
-			...await sendImageFeishu({
-				cfg,
-				to,
-				imageKey,
-				replyToMessageId,
-				replyInThread,
-				accountId
-			}),
-			...voiceIntentDegradedToFile ? { voiceIntentDegradedToFile: true } : {}
-		};
+		if (results.length >= limit) break;
 	}
-	const durationMs = await maybeProbeUploadDurationMs({
-		buffer,
-		fileName: name,
-		contentType,
-		msgType: routing.msgType
+	results.reverse();
+	return results;
+}
+async function sendMessageFeishu(params) {
+	const { cfg, to, text, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, allowTopLevelReplyFallback, mentions, accountId } = params;
+	const { client, receiveId, receiveIdType } = resolveFeishuSendTarget({
+		cfg,
+		to,
+		accountId
 	});
-	const { fileKey } = await uploadFileFeishu({
+	const tableMode = resolveMarkdownTableMode({
 		cfg,
-		file: buffer,
-		fileName: name,
-		fileType: routing.fileType ?? "stream",
-		...durationMs !== void 0 ? { duration: durationMs } : {},
+		channel: "feishu"
+	});
+	const content = buildFeishuPostMessageContent({
+		messageText: materializeFeishuPostMarkdownSoftBreaks(convertMarkdownTables(text ?? "", tableMode)),
+		mentions
+	});
+	const msgType = "post";
+	assertFeishuPostWithinEnvelope(content, "Feishu post");
+	return sendReplyOrFallbackDirect(client, {
+		replyToMessageId,
+		replyInThread,
+		allowTopLevelReplyFallback,
+		content,
+		msgType,
+		directParams: {
+			receiveId,
+			receiveIdType,
+			content,
+			msgType
+		},
+		directErrorPrefix: "Feishu send failed",
+		replyErrorPrefix: "Feishu reply failed"
+	});
+}
+async function sendCardFeishu(params) {
+	const { cfg, to, card, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, allowTopLevelReplyFallback, accountId } = params;
+	const { client, receiveId, receiveIdType } = resolveFeishuSendTarget({
+		cfg,
+		to,
 		accountId
 	});
+	const content = JSON.stringify(card);
+	return sendReplyOrFallbackDirect(client, {
+		replyToMessageId,
+		replyInThread,
+		allowTopLevelReplyFallback,
+		content,
+		msgType: "interactive",
+		directParams: {
+			receiveId,
+			receiveIdType,
+			content,
+			msgType: "interactive"
+		},
+		directErrorPrefix: "Feishu card send failed",
+		replyErrorPrefix: "Feishu card reply failed"
+	});
+}
+async function editMessageFeishu(params) {
+	const { cfg, messageId, text, card, accountId } = params;
+	const account = resolveFeishuRuntimeAccount({
+		cfg,
+		accountId
+	});
+	if (!account.configured) throw new Error(`Feishu account "${account.accountId}" not configured`);
+	if ((typeof text === "string" && text.trim().length > 0) === Boolean(card)) throw new Error("Feishu edit requires exactly one of text or card.");
+	const client = createFeishuClient(account);
+	if (card) {
+		const content = JSON.stringify(card);
+		const response = await client.im.message.patch({
+			path: { message_id: messageId },
+			data: { content }
+		});
+		if (response.code !== 0) throw new Error(`Feishu message edit failed: ${response.msg || `code ${response.code}`}`);
+		return {
+			messageId,
+			contentType: "interactive"
+		};
+	}
+	const content = buildFeishuPostMessageContent({ messageText: materializeFeishuPostMarkdownSoftBreaks(convertMarkdownTables(text, resolveMarkdownTableMode({
+		cfg,
+		channel: "feishu"
+	}))) });
+	assertFeishuPostWithinEnvelope(content, "Feishu message edit");
+	const response = await client.im.message.patch({
+		path: { message_id: messageId },
+		data: { content }
+	});
+	if (response.code !== 0) throw new Error(`Feishu message edit failed: ${response.msg || `code ${response.code}`}`);
 	return {
-		...await sendFileFeishu({
-			cfg,
-			to,
-			fileKey,
-			msgType: routing.msgType,
-			replyToMessageId,
-			replyInThread,
-			accountId
-		}),
-		...voiceIntentDegradedToFile ? { voiceIntentDegradedToFile: true } : {}
+		messageId,
+		contentType: "post"
 	};
 }
-//#endregion
-//#region extensions/feishu/src/types.ts
-function isFeishuGroupChatType(chatType) {
-	return chatType === "group" || chatType === "topic_group";
-}
-//#endregion
-//#region extensions/feishu/src/mention.ts
-function isFeishuBroadcastMention(mention) {
-	const normalizedKey = mention.key?.trim().toLowerCase();
-	if (normalizedKey === "@all" || normalizedKey === "@_all") return true;
-	return [
-		mention.id?.open_id,
-		mention.id?.user_id,
-		mention.id?.union_id
-	].some((id) => id?.trim().toLowerCase() === "all");
-}
 /**
-* Extract mention targets from message event (excluding the bot itself)
+* Build a Feishu interactive card with markdown content.
+* Cards render markdown properly (code blocks, tables, links, etc.)
+* Uses schema 2.0 format for proper markdown rendering.
 */
-function extractMentionTargets(event, botOpenId) {
-	return (event.message.mentions ?? []).filter((m) => {
-		if (isFeishuBroadcastMention(m)) return false;
-		if (m.id.open_id === botOpenId) return false;
-		return Boolean(m.id.open_id);
-	}).map((m) => ({
-		openId: m.id.open_id,
-		name: m.name,
-		key: m.key
-	}));
+function buildMarkdownCard(text) {
+	return {
+		schema: "2.0",
+		config: { width_mode: "fill" },
+		body: { elements: [{
+			tag: "markdown",
+			content: text
+		}] }
+	};
 }
 /**
-* Check if message is a mention forward request
-* Rules:
-* - Group: message mentions bot + at least one other user
-* - DM: message mentions any user (no need to mention bot)
+* Build a Feishu interactive card with optional header and note footer.
+* When header/note are omitted, behaves identically to buildMarkdownCard.
 */
-function isMentionForwardRequest(event, botOpenId) {
-	const mentions = event.message.mentions ?? [];
-	if (mentions.length === 0) return false;
-	const normalizedBotOpenId = botOpenId?.trim();
-	if (!normalizedBotOpenId) return false;
-	const isDirectMessage = !isFeishuGroupChatType(event.message.chat_type);
-	const userMentions = mentions.filter((m) => !isFeishuBroadcastMention(m));
-	const hasOtherMention = userMentions.some((m) => m.id.open_id !== normalizedBotOpenId);
-	if (isDirectMessage) return hasOtherMention;
-	return userMentions.some((m) => m.id.open_id === normalizedBotOpenId) && hasOtherMention;
+function buildStructuredCard(text, options) {
+	const elements = [{
+		tag: "markdown",
+		content: text
+	}];
+	if (options?.note) {
+		elements.push({ tag: "hr" });
+		elements.push({
+			tag: "markdown",
+			content: `<font color='grey'>${options.note}</font>`
+		});
+	}
+	const card = {
+		schema: "2.0",
+		config: { width_mode: "fill" },
+		body: { elements }
+	};
+	if (options?.header) card.header = {
+		title: {
+			tag: "plain_text",
+			content: options.header.title
+		},
+		template: resolveFeishuCardTemplate(options.header.template) ?? "blue"
+	};
+	return card;
 }
 /**
-* Format @mention for card message (lark_md)
+* Send a message as a structured card with optional header and note.
 */
-function formatMentionForCard(target) {
-	return `<at id=${target.openId}></at>`;
+async function sendStructuredCardFeishu(params) {
+	const { cfg, to, text, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, allowTopLevelReplyFallback, mentions, accountId, header, note } = params;
+	let cardText = text;
+	if (mentions && mentions.length > 0) cardText = buildMentionedCardContent(mentions, text);
+	return sendCardFeishu({
+		cfg,
+		to,
+		card: buildStructuredCard(cardText, {
+			header,
+			note
+		}),
+		replyToMessageId,
+		replyInThread,
+		allowTopLevelReplyFallback,
+		accountId
+	});
 }
 /**
-* Build card content with @mentions (Markdown format)
+* Send a message as a markdown card (interactive message).
+* This renders markdown properly in Feishu (code blocks, tables, bold/italic, etc.)
 */
-function buildMentionedCardContent(targets, message) {
-	if (targets.length === 0) return message;
-	return `${targets.map((t) => formatMentionForCard(t)).join(" ")} ${message}`;
+async function sendMarkdownCardFeishu(params) {
+	const { cfg, to, text, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, allowTopLevelReplyFallback, mentions, accountId } = params;
+	let cardText = text;
+	if (mentions && mentions.length > 0) cardText = buildMentionedCardContent(mentions, text);
+	return sendCardFeishu({
+		cfg,
+		to,
+		card: buildMarkdownCard(cardText),
+		replyToMessageId,
+		replyInThread,
+		allowTopLevelReplyFallback,
+		accountId
+	});
 }
 //#endregion
-//#region extensions/feishu/src/post.ts
-const FALLBACK_POST_TEXT = "[Rich text message]";
-const MARKDOWN_SPECIAL_CHARS = /([\\`*_{}[\]()#+\-!|>~])/g;
-function toStringOrEmpty(value) {
-	return typeof value === "string" ? value : "";
-}
-function escapeMarkdownText(text) {
-	return text.replace(MARKDOWN_SPECIAL_CHARS, "\\$1");
-}
-function toBoolean(value) {
-	return value === true || value === 1 || value === "true";
-}
-function isStyleEnabled(style, key) {
-	if (!style) return false;
-	return toBoolean(style[key]);
-}
-function wrapInlineCode(text) {
-	const maxRun = Math.max(0, ...(text.match(/`+/g) ?? []).map((run) => run.length));
-	const fence = "`".repeat(maxRun + 1);
-	return `${fence}${text.startsWith("`") || text.endsWith("`") ? ` ${text} ` : text}${fence}`;
-}
-function sanitizeFenceLanguage(language) {
-	return language.trim().replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9_+#.-]/g, "");
-}
-function renderTextElement(element) {
-	const text = toStringOrEmpty(element.text);
-	const style = isRecord$1(element.style) ? element.style : void 0;
-	if (isStyleEnabled(style, "code")) return wrapInlineCode(text);
-	let rendered = escapeMarkdownText(text);
-	if (!rendered) return "";
-	if (isStyleEnabled(style, "bold")) rendered = `**${rendered}**`;
-	if (isStyleEnabled(style, "italic")) rendered = `*${rendered}*`;
-	if (isStyleEnabled(style, "underline")) rendered = `<u>${rendered}</u>`;
-	if (isStyleEnabled(style, "strikethrough") || isStyleEnabled(style, "line_through") || isStyleEnabled(style, "lineThrough")) rendered = `~~${rendered}~~`;
-	return rendered;
-}
-function renderLinkElement(element) {
-	const href = toStringOrEmpty(element.href).trim();
-	const text = toStringOrEmpty(element.text) || href;
-	if (!text) return "";
-	if (!href) return escapeMarkdownText(text);
-	return `[${escapeMarkdownText(text)}](${href})`;
-}
-function renderMentionElement(element) {
-	const mention = toStringOrEmpty(element.user_name) || toStringOrEmpty(element.user_id) || toStringOrEmpty(element.open_id);
-	if (!mention) return "";
-	return `@${escapeMarkdownText(mention)}`;
-}
-function renderEmotionElement(element) {
-	return escapeMarkdownText(toStringOrEmpty(element.emoji) || toStringOrEmpty(element.text) || toStringOrEmpty(element.emoji_type));
-}
-function renderCodeBlockElement(element) {
-	const language = sanitizeFenceLanguage(toStringOrEmpty(element.language) || toStringOrEmpty(element.lang));
-	const code = (toStringOrEmpty(element.text) || toStringOrEmpty(element.content)).replace(/\r\n/g, "\n");
-	return `\`\`\`${language}\n${code}${code.endsWith("\n") ? "" : "\n"}\`\`\``;
-}
-function renderElement(element, imageKeys, mediaKeys, mentionedOpenIds, renderMediaPlaceholders) {
-	if (!isRecord$1(element)) return escapeMarkdownText(toStringOrEmpty(element));
-	switch (normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(toStringOrEmpty(element.tag))) {
-		case "text": return renderTextElement(element);
-		case "a": return renderLinkElement(element);
-		case "at":
-			{
-				const normalizedMention = normalizeFeishuExternalKey(toStringOrEmpty(element.open_id) || toStringOrEmpty(element.user_id));
-				if (normalizedMention) mentionedOpenIds.push(normalizedMention);
-			}
-			return renderMentionElement(element);
-		case "img": {
-			const imageKey = normalizeFeishuExternalKey(toStringOrEmpty(element.image_key));
-			if (imageKey) imageKeys.push(imageKey);
-			return renderMediaPlaceholders ? "![image]" : "";
-		}
-		case "media": {
-			const fileKey = normalizeFeishuExternalKey(toStringOrEmpty(element.file_key));
-			if (fileKey) {
-				const fileName = toStringOrEmpty(element.file_name) || void 0;
-				mediaKeys.push({
-					fileKey,
-					fileName
-				});
-			}
-			return renderMediaPlaceholders ? "[media]" : "";
-		}
-		case "emotion": return renderEmotionElement(element);
-		case "md":
-		case "lark_md": return toStringOrEmpty(element.text) || toStringOrEmpty(element.content);
-		case "br": return "\n";
-		case "hr": return "\n\n---\n\n";
-		case "code": {
-			const code = toStringOrEmpty(element.text) || toStringOrEmpty(element.content);
-			return code ? wrapInlineCode(code) : "";
-		}
-		case "code_block":
-		case "pre": return renderCodeBlockElement(element);
-		default: return escapeMarkdownText(toStringOrEmpty(element.text));
-	}
-}
-function toPostPayload(candidate) {
-	if (!isRecord$1(candidate) || !Array.isArray(candidate.content)) return null;
-	return {
-		title: toStringOrEmpty(candidate.title),
-		content: candidate.content
-	};
-}
-function resolveLocalePayload(candidate) {
-	const direct = toPostPayload(candidate);
-	if (direct) return direct;
-	if (!isRecord$1(candidate)) return null;
-	for (const value of Object.values(candidate)) {
-		const localePayload = toPostPayload(value);
-		if (localePayload) return localePayload;
-	}
-	return null;
-}
-function resolvePostPayload(parsed) {
-	const direct = toPostPayload(parsed);
-	if (direct) return direct;
-	if (!isRecord$1(parsed)) return null;
-	const wrappedPost = resolveLocalePayload(parsed.post);
-	if (wrappedPost) return wrappedPost;
-	return resolveLocalePayload(parsed);
-}
-function parsePostContent(content, options = {}) {
-	try {
-		const payload = resolvePostPayload(JSON.parse(content));
-		if (!payload) return {
-			textContent: FALLBACK_POST_TEXT,
-			imageKeys: [],
-			mediaKeys: [],
-			mentionedOpenIds: []
-		};
-		const imageKeys = [];
-		const mediaKeys = [];
-		const mentionedOpenIds = [];
-		const paragraphs = [];
-		for (const paragraph of payload.content) {
-			if (!Array.isArray(paragraph)) continue;
-			let renderedParagraph = "";
-			for (const element of paragraph) renderedParagraph += renderElement(element, imageKeys, mediaKeys, mentionedOpenIds, options.renderMediaPlaceholders !== false);
-			paragraphs.push(renderedParagraph);
-		}
-		return {
-			textContent: [escapeMarkdownText(payload.title.trim()), paragraphs.join("\n").trim()].filter(Boolean).join("\n\n").trim() || (options.emptyTextFallback ?? FALLBACK_POST_TEXT),
-			imageKeys,
-			mediaKeys,
-			mentionedOpenIds
-		};
-	} catch {
-		return {
-			textContent: FALLBACK_POST_TEXT,
-			imageKeys: [],
-			mediaKeys: [],
-			mentionedOpenIds: []
-		};
+//#region extensions/feishu/src/media.ts
+const FEISHU_MEDIA_HTTP_TIMEOUT_MS = 12e4;
+const FEISHU_VOICE_FILE_NAME = "voice.ogg";
+const FEISHU_VOICE_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ = 48e3;
+const FEISHU_VOICE_BITRATE = "64k";
+const FEISHU_TRANSCODABLE_AUDIO_EXTS = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
+	".aac",
+	".aiff",
+	".alac",
+	".amr",
+	".caf",
+	".flac",
+	".m4a",
+	".mp3",
+	".oga",
+	".wav",
+	".webm",
+	".wma"
+]);
+async function runBeforeFeishuMessageDispatch(operation) {
+	try {
+		return await operation();
+	} catch (error) {
+		if (error instanceof PlatformMessageNotDispatchedError) throw error;
+		throw new PlatformMessageNotDispatchedError(`Feishu media preparation failed before message dispatch: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`, { cause: error });
 	}
 }
-//#endregion
-//#region extensions/feishu/src/send.ts
-const WITHDRAWN_REPLY_ERROR_CODES = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([230011, 231003]);
-const INTERACTIVE_CARD_FALLBACK_TEXT = "[Interactive Card]";
-const POST_FALLBACK_TEXT = "[Rich text message]";
-function shouldFallbackFromReplyTarget(response) {
-	if (response.code !== void 0 && WITHDRAWN_REPLY_ERROR_CODES.has(response.code)) return true;
-	const msg = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(response.msg);
-	return msg.includes("withdrawn") || msg.includes("not found");
+function createConfiguredFeishuMediaClient(params) {
+	const account = resolveFeishuRuntimeAccount({
+		cfg: params.cfg,
+		accountId: params.accountId
+	});
+	if (!account.configured) throw new Error(`Feishu account "${account.accountId}" not configured`);
+	return {
+		account,
+		client: createFeishuClient({
+			...account,
+			httpTimeoutMs: FEISHU_MEDIA_HTTP_TIMEOUT_MS
+		})
+	};
 }
-/** Check whether a thrown error indicates a withdrawn/not-found reply target. */
-function isWithdrawnReplyError(err) {
-	if (typeof err !== "object" || err === null) return false;
-	const code = err.code;
-	if (typeof code === "number" && WITHDRAWN_REPLY_ERROR_CODES.has(code)) return true;
-	const response = err.response;
-	if (typeof response?.data?.code === "number" && WITHDRAWN_REPLY_ERROR_CODES.has(response.data.code)) return true;
-	const cause = err.cause;
-	if (cause && cause !== err) return isWithdrawnReplyError(cause);
-	return false;
+function asHeaderMap(value) {
+	if (!value) return;
+	const entries = Object.entries(value);
+	if (entries.every(([, entry]) => typeof entry === "string" || Array.isArray(entry))) return Object.fromEntries(entries);
 }
-/** Send a direct message as a fallback when a reply target is unavailable. */
-async function sendFallbackDirect(client, params, errorPrefix) {
-	const response = await requestFeishuApi(() => client.im.message.create({
-		params: { receive_id_type: params.receiveIdType },
-		data: {
-			receive_id: params.receiveId,
-			content: params.content,
-			msg_type: params.msgType
-		}
-	}), errorPrefix, { includeNestedErrorLogId: true });
-	assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess(response, errorPrefix);
-	return toFeishuSendResult(response, params.receiveId, resolveFeishuReceiptKind(params.msgType));
+function extractFeishuUploadKey(response, params) {
+	if (!response) throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: empty response`);
+	const wrappedResponse = response;
+	if (wrappedResponse.code !== void 0 && wrappedResponse.code !== 0) throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: ${wrappedResponse.msg || `code ${wrappedResponse.code}`}`);
+	const key = params.key === "image_key" ? wrappedResponse.image_key ?? wrappedResponse.data?.image_key : wrappedResponse.file_key ?? wrappedResponse.data?.file_key;
+	if (!key) throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: no ${params.key} returned`);
+	return key;
 }
-async function sendReplyOrFallbackDirect(client, params) {
-	if (!params.replyToMessageId) return sendFallbackDirect(client, params.directParams, params.directErrorPrefix);
-	const replyTargetFallbackError = params.replyInThread && params.allowTopLevelReplyFallback !== true ? /* @__PURE__ */ new Error("Feishu thread reply failed: reply target is unavailable and cannot safely fall back to a top-level send.") : null;
-	let response;
-	try {
-		response = await requestFeishuApi(() => client.im.message.reply({
-			path: { message_id: params.replyToMessageId },
-			data: {
-				content: params.content,
-				msg_type: params.msgType,
-				...params.replyInThread ? { reply_in_thread: true } : {}
-			}
-		}), params.replyErrorPrefix, { includeNestedErrorLogId: true });
-	} catch (err) {
-		if (!isWithdrawnReplyError(err)) throw err;
-		if (replyTargetFallbackError) throw replyTargetFallbackError;
-		return sendFallbackDirect(client, params.directParams, params.directErrorPrefix);
-	}
-	if (shouldFallbackFromReplyTarget(response)) {
-		if (replyTargetFallbackError) throw replyTargetFallbackError;
-		return sendFallbackDirect(client, params.directParams, params.directErrorPrefix);
+function readHeaderValue(headers, name) {
+	if (!headers) return;
+	for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(headers)) {
+		if (normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(key) !== normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(name)) continue;
+		if (typeof value === "string" && value.trim()) return value.trim();
+		if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+			const first = value.find((entry) => typeof entry === "string" && entry.trim());
+			if (typeof first === "string") return first.trim();
+		}
 	}
-	assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess(response, params.replyErrorPrefix);
-	return toFeishuSendResult(response, params.directParams.receiveId, resolveFeishuReceiptKind(params.msgType));
-}
-function normalizeCardTemplateVariable(value) {
-	if (typeof value === "string") return value;
-	if (typeof value === "number" || typeof value === "boolean" || typeof value === "bigint") return String(value);
 }
-function readCardTemplateVariables(parsed) {
-	const variables = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-	for (const source of [parsed.template_variable, parsed.template_variables]) {
-		if (!isRecord(source)) continue;
-		for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(source)) {
-			const normalized = normalizeCardTemplateVariable(value);
-			if (normalized !== void 0) variables.set(key, normalized);
-		}
+function readHttpStatusFromError(error) {
+	if (!error || typeof error !== "object") return;
+	const response = error.response;
+	if (response && typeof response === "object") {
+		const status = response.status;
+		if (typeof status === "number") return status;
 	}
-	return variables;
+	const status = error.status;
+	return typeof status === "number" ? status : void 0;
 }
-function applyCardTemplateVariables(text, variables) {
-	if (variables.size === 0) return text;
-	return text.replace(/\$\{([A-Za-z0-9_.-]+)\}|\{\{\s*([A-Za-z0-9_.-]+)\s*\}\}/g, (match, a, b) => {
-		const variableName = typeof a === "string" ? a : b;
-		return variables.get(variableName) ?? match;
-	});
+function isHttpStatusError(error, status) {
+	return readHttpStatusFromError(error) === status;
 }
-function extractInteractiveElementText(element, variables) {
-	if (!isRecord(element)) return;
-	const tag = typeof element.tag === "string" ? element.tag : "";
-	const text = isRecord(element.text) ? element.text : void 0;
-	if (tag === "div" && typeof text?.content === "string") return applyCardTemplateVariables(text.content, variables);
-	if ((tag === "markdown" || tag === "lark_md") && typeof element.content === "string") return applyCardTemplateVariables(element.content, variables);
-	if (tag === "plain_text" && typeof element.content === "string") return applyCardTemplateVariables(element.content, variables);
+function containsEastAsianScript(value) {
+	return /[\p{Script=Han}\p{Script=Hiragana}\p{Script=Katakana}\p{Script=Hangul}]/u.test(value);
 }
-function extractInteractiveElementsText(elements, variables) {
-	const texts = [];
-	for (const element of elements) {
-		const text = extractInteractiveElementText(element, variables);
-		if (text !== void 0) texts.push(text);
-	}
-	return texts.join("\n").trim();
+function recoverUtf8FileNameFromLatin1Header(value) {
+	const recovered = Buffer.from(value, "latin1").toString("utf8");
+	if (recovered !== value && !recovered.includes("�") && containsEastAsianScript(recovered)) return recovered;
+	return value;
 }
-function readInteractiveElementArrays(parsed) {
-	const body = isRecord(parsed.body) ? parsed.body : void 0;
-	const elementArrays = [];
-	for (const candidate of [parsed.elements, body?.elements]) if (Array.isArray(candidate)) elementArrays.push(candidate);
-	for (const candidate of [parsed.i18n_elements, body?.i18n_elements]) {
-		if (!isRecord(candidate)) continue;
-		for (const localeElements of Object.values(candidate)) if (Array.isArray(localeElements)) elementArrays.push(localeElements);
+function decodeDispositionFileName(value) {
+	const utf8Match = value.match(/filename\*=UTF-8''([^;]+)/i);
+	if (utf8Match?.[1]) try {
+		return decodeURIComponent(utf8Match[1].trim().replace(/^"(.*)"$/, "$1"));
+	} catch {
+		return utf8Match[1].trim().replace(/^"(.*)"$/, "$1");
 	}
-	return elementArrays;
+	const plainFileName = value.match(/filename="?([^";]+)"?/i)?.[1]?.trim();
+	return plainFileName ? recoverUtf8FileNameFromLatin1Header(plainFileName) : void 0;
 }
-function parseInteractivePostFallback(parsed) {
-	const textContent = parsePostContent(JSON.stringify(parsed)).textContent.trim();
-	return textContent && textContent !== POST_FALLBACK_TEXT ? textContent : void 0;
+function extractFeishuDownloadMetadata(response) {
+	const responseWithOptionalFields = response;
+	const headers = asHeaderMap(responseWithOptionalFields.headers) ?? asHeaderMap(responseWithOptionalFields.header);
+	const contentType = readHeaderValue(headers, "content-type") ?? responseWithOptionalFields.contentType ?? responseWithOptionalFields.mime_type ?? responseWithOptionalFields.data?.contentType ?? responseWithOptionalFields.data?.mime_type;
+	const disposition = readHeaderValue(headers, "content-disposition");
+	return {
+		contentType,
+		fileName: (disposition ? decodeDispositionFileName(disposition) : void 0) ?? responseWithOptionalFields.file_name ?? responseWithOptionalFields.fileName ?? responseWithOptionalFields.data?.file_name ?? responseWithOptionalFields.data?.fileName
+	};
 }
-function parseInteractiveCardContent(parsed) {
-	if (!isRecord(parsed)) return INTERACTIVE_CARD_FALLBACK_TEXT;
-	const variables = readCardTemplateVariables(parsed);
-	for (const elements of readInteractiveElementArrays(parsed)) {
-		const text = extractInteractiveElementsText(elements, variables);
-		if (text) return text;
-	}
-	return parseInteractivePostFallback(parsed) ?? INTERACTIVE_CARD_FALLBACK_TEXT;
+function mediaLimitError(maxBytes) {
+	return /* @__PURE__ */ new Error(`Media exceeds ${Math.round(maxBytes / (1024 * 1024))}MB limit`);
 }
-function parseFeishuMessageContent(rawContent, msgType) {
-	if (!rawContent) return "";
-	let parsed;
-	try {
-		parsed = JSON.parse(rawContent);
-	} catch {
-		return rawContent;
-	}
-	if (msgType === "text") {
-		const text = parsed?.text;
-		return typeof text === "string" ? text : "[Text message]";
-	}
-	if (msgType === "post") return parsePostContent(rawContent).textContent;
-	if (msgType === "interactive") return parseInteractiveCardContent(parsed);
-	if (typeof parsed === "string") return parsed;
-	const genericText = parsed?.text;
-	if (typeof genericText === "string" && genericText.trim()) return genericText;
-	const genericTitle = parsed?.title;
-	if (typeof genericTitle === "string" && genericTitle.trim()) return genericTitle;
-	return `[${msgType || "unknown"} message]`;
+async function saveFeishuResponseMedia(params) {
+	const { response, maxBytes, contentType, fileName } = params;
+	if (Buffer.isBuffer(response)) return saveMediaBuffer(response, contentType, "inbound", maxBytes, fileName);
+	if (response instanceof ArrayBuffer) return saveMediaBuffer(Buffer.from(response), contentType, "inbound", maxBytes, fileName);
+	const responseWithOptionalFields = response;
+	if (responseWithOptionalFields.code !== void 0 && responseWithOptionalFields.code !== 0) throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: ${responseWithOptionalFields.msg || `code ${responseWithOptionalFields.code}`}`);
+	if (responseWithOptionalFields.data && Buffer.isBuffer(responseWithOptionalFields.data)) return saveMediaBuffer(responseWithOptionalFields.data, contentType, "inbound", maxBytes, fileName);
+	if (responseWithOptionalFields.data instanceof ArrayBuffer) return saveMediaBuffer(Buffer.from(responseWithOptionalFields.data), contentType, "inbound", maxBytes, fileName);
+	const save = (stream, ct = contentType, mb = maxBytes, fn = fileName) => saveMediaStreamWithIdleTimeout(stream, ct, mb, fn, FEISHU_MEDIA_HTTP_TIMEOUT_MS);
+	if (typeof response.getReadableStream === "function") return save(response.getReadableStream());
+	if (typeof response.writeFile === "function") return await withTempDownloadPath({ prefix: params.tmpDirPrefix }, async (tmpPath) => {
+		await response.writeFile(tmpPath);
+		if ((await fs.promises.stat(tmpPath)).size > maxBytes) throw mediaLimitError(maxBytes);
+		return await save(fs.createReadStream(tmpPath));
+	});
+	if (responseWithOptionalFields[Symbol.asyncIterator]) return save(responseWithOptionalFields);
+	if (response instanceof Readable) return save(response);
+	const keys = Object.keys(response);
+	throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: unexpected response format. Keys: [${keys.join(", ")}]`);
 }
-function parseFeishuMessageItem(item, fallbackMessageId) {
-	const msgType = item.msg_type ?? "text";
-	const rawContent = item.body?.content ?? "";
+async function saveMessageResourceWithType(params) {
+	const response = await params.client.im.messageResource.get({
+		path: {
+			message_id: params.messageId,
+			file_key: params.fileKey
+		},
+		params: { type: params.type }
+	});
+	const meta = extractFeishuDownloadMetadata(response);
 	return {
-		messageId: item.message_id ?? fallbackMessageId ?? "",
-		chatId: item.chat_id ?? "",
-		chatType: item.chat_type === "group" || item.chat_type === "topic_group" || item.chat_type === "private" || item.chat_type === "p2p" ? item.chat_type : void 0,
-		senderId: item.sender?.id,
-		senderOpenId: item.sender?.id_type === "open_id" ? item.sender?.id : void 0,
-		senderType: item.sender?.sender_type,
-		content: parseFeishuMessageContent(rawContent, msgType),
-		contentType: msgType,
-		createTime: parseStrictNonNegativeInteger(item.create_time),
-		threadId: item.thread_id || void 0
+		saved: await saveFeishuResponseMedia({
+			response,
+			tmpDirPrefix: "openclaw-feishu-resource-",
+			errorPrefix: "Feishu message resource download failed",
+			maxBytes: params.maxBytes,
+			contentType: meta.contentType,
+			fileName: meta.fileName ?? (params.originalFilename ? recoverUtf8FileNameFromLatin1Header(params.originalFilename) : void 0)
+		}),
+		...meta
 	};
 }
-/**
-* Get a message by its ID.
-* Useful for fetching quoted/replied message content.
-*/
-async function getMessageFeishu(params) {
-	const { cfg, messageId, accountId } = params;
-	const account = resolveFeishuRuntimeAccount({
+async function saveMessageResourceFeishu(params) {
+	const { cfg, messageId, fileKey, type, accountId, maxBytes, originalFilename } = params;
+	const normalizedFileKey = normalizeFeishuExternalKey(fileKey);
+	if (!normalizedFileKey) throw new Error("Feishu message resource download failed: invalid file_key");
+	const { client } = createConfiguredFeishuMediaClient({
 		cfg,
 		accountId
 	});
-	if (!account.configured) throw new Error(`Feishu account "${account.accountId}" not configured`);
-	const client = createFeishuClient(account);
 	try {
-		const response = await client.im.message.get({
-			params: { card_msg_content_type: "user_card_content" },
-			path: { message_id: messageId }
+		return await saveMessageResourceWithType({
+			client,
+			messageId,
+			fileKey: normalizedFileKey,
+			type,
+			maxBytes,
+			originalFilename
 		});
-		if (response.code !== 0) return null;
-		const rawItem = response.data?.items?.[0] ?? response.data;
-		const item = rawItem && (rawItem.body !== void 0 || rawItem.message_id !== void 0) ? rawItem : null;
-		if (!item) return null;
-		return parseFeishuMessageItem(item, messageId);
-	} catch {
-		return null;
+	} catch (err) {
+		if (type !== "file" || !isHttpStatusError(err, 502)) throw err;
+		try {
+			return await saveMessageResourceWithType({
+				client,
+				messageId,
+				fileKey: normalizedFileKey,
+				type: "media",
+				maxBytes,
+				originalFilename
+			});
+		} catch {
+			throw err;
+		}
 	}
 }
 /**
-* List messages in a Feishu thread (topic).
-* Uses container_id_type=thread to directly query thread messages,
-* which includes both the root message and all replies (including bot replies).
+* Upload an image to Feishu and get an image_key for sending.
+* Supports: JPEG, PNG, WEBP, GIF, TIFF, BMP, ICO
 */
-async function listFeishuThreadMessages(params) {
-	const { cfg, threadId, currentMessageId, rootMessageId, limit = 20, accountId } = params;
-	const account = resolveFeishuRuntimeAccount({
+async function uploadImageFeishu(params) {
+	const { cfg, image, imageType = "message", accountId } = params;
+	const { client } = createConfiguredFeishuMediaClient({
 		cfg,
 		accountId
 	});
-	if (!account.configured) throw new Error(`Feishu account "${account.accountId}" not configured`);
-	const response = await createFeishuClient(account).im.message.list({ params: {
-		container_id_type: "thread",
-		container_id: threadId,
-		sort_type: "ByCreateTimeDesc",
-		page_size: Math.min(limit + 1, 50),
-		card_msg_content_type: "user_card_content"
-	} });
-	if (response.code !== 0) throw new Error(`Feishu thread list failed: code=${response.code} msg=${response.msg ?? "unknown"}`);
-	const items = response.data?.items ?? [];
-	const results = [];
-	for (const item of items) {
-		if (currentMessageId && item.message_id === currentMessageId) continue;
-		if (rootMessageId && item.message_id === rootMessageId) continue;
-		const parsed = parseFeishuMessageItem(item);
-		results.push({
-			messageId: parsed.messageId,
-			senderId: parsed.senderId,
-			senderType: parsed.senderType,
-			content: parsed.content,
-			contentType: parsed.contentType,
-			createTime: parsed.createTime
-		});
-		if (results.length >= limit) break;
-	}
-	results.reverse();
-	return results;
+	const imageData = typeof image === "string" ? (await readRegularFile({ filePath: image })).buffer : image;
+	return { imageKey: extractFeishuUploadKey(await requestFeishuApi(() => client.im.image.create({ data: {
+		image_type: imageType,
+		image: imageData
+	} }), "Feishu image upload failed", { includeNestedErrorLogId: true }), {
+		key: "image_key",
+		errorPrefix: "Feishu image upload failed"
+	}) };
 }
-async function sendMessageFeishu(params) {
-	const { cfg, to, text, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, allowTopLevelReplyFallback, mentions, accountId } = params;
-	const { client, receiveId, receiveIdType } = resolveFeishuSendTarget({
+/**
+* Sanitize a filename for safe use in Feishu multipart/form-data uploads.
+* Strips control characters and multipart-injection vectors (CWE-93) while
+* preserving the original UTF-8 display name (Chinese, emoji, etc.).
+*
+* Previous versions percent-encoded non-ASCII characters, but the Feishu
+* `im.file.create` API uses `file_name` as a literal display name — it does
+* NOT decode percent-encoding — so encoded filenames appeared as garbled text
+* in chat (regression in v2026.3.2).
+*/
+function sanitizeFileNameForUpload(fileName) {
+	return fileName.replace(/[\p{Cc}"\\]/gu, "_");
+}
+/**
+* Upload a file to Feishu and get a file_key for sending.
+* Max file size: 30MB
+*/
+async function uploadFileFeishu(params) {
+	const { cfg, file, fileName, fileType, duration, accountId } = params;
+	const { client } = createConfiguredFeishuMediaClient({
 		cfg,
-		to,
 		accountId
 	});
-	const tableMode = resolveMarkdownTableMode({
+	const fileData = typeof file === "string" ? (await readRegularFile({ filePath: file })).buffer : file;
+	const safeFileName = sanitizeFileNameForUpload(fileName);
+	return { fileKey: extractFeishuUploadKey(await requestFeishuApi(() => client.im.file.create({ data: {
+		file_type: fileType,
+		file_name: safeFileName,
+		file: fileData,
+		...duration !== void 0 ? { duration } : {}
+	} }), "Feishu file upload failed", { includeNestedErrorLogId: true }), {
+		key: "file_key",
+		errorPrefix: "Feishu file upload failed"
+	}) };
+}
+/**
+* Send an image message using an image_key
+*/
+async function sendImageFeishu(params) {
+	const { cfg, to, imageKey, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, allowTopLevelReplyFallback, accountId } = params;
+	const { client, receiveId, receiveIdType } = resolveFeishuSendTarget({
 		cfg,
-		channel: "feishu"
-	});
-	const content = buildFeishuPostMessageContent({
-		messageText: materializeFeishuPostMarkdownSoftBreaks(convertMarkdownTables(text ?? "", tableMode)),
-		mentions
+		to,
+		accountId
 	});
-	const msgType = "post";
-	assertFeishuPostWithinEnvelope(content, "Feishu post");
-	return sendReplyOrFallbackDirect(client, {
+	const content = JSON.stringify({ image_key: imageKey });
+	if (replyToMessageId) return sendReplyOrFallbackDirect(client, {
 		replyToMessageId,
 		replyInThread,
 		allowTopLevelReplyFallback,
 		content,
-		msgType,
+		msgType: "image",
 		directParams: {
 			receiveId,
 			receiveIdType,
 			content,
-			msgType
+			msgType: "image"
 		},
-		directErrorPrefix: "Feishu send failed",
-		replyErrorPrefix: "Feishu reply failed"
+		directErrorPrefix: "Feishu image send failed",
+		replyErrorPrefix: "Feishu image reply failed"
 	});
+	const response = await requestFeishuApi(() => client.im.message.create({
+		params: { receive_id_type: receiveIdType },
+		data: {
+			receive_id: receiveId,
+			content,
+			msg_type: "image"
+		}
+	}), "Feishu image send failed", { includeNestedErrorLogId: true });
+	assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess(response, "Feishu image send failed");
+	return toFeishuSendResult(response, receiveId, "media");
 }
-async function sendCardFeishu(params) {
-	const { cfg, to, card, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, allowTopLevelReplyFallback, accountId } = params;
+/**
+* Send a file message using a file_key
+*/
+async function sendFileFeishu(params) {
+	const { cfg, to, fileKey, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, allowTopLevelReplyFallback, accountId } = params;
+	const msgType = params.msgType ?? "file";
 	const { client, receiveId, receiveIdType } = resolveFeishuSendTarget({
 		cfg,
 		to,
 		accountId
 	});
-	const content = JSON.stringify(card);
-	return sendReplyOrFallbackDirect(client, {
+	const content = JSON.stringify({ file_key: fileKey });
+	if (replyToMessageId) return sendReplyOrFallbackDirect(client, {
 		replyToMessageId,
 		replyInThread,
 		allowTopLevelReplyFallback,
 		content,
-		msgType: "interactive",
+		msgType,
 		directParams: {
 			receiveId,
 			receiveIdType,
 			content,
-			msgType: "interactive"
+			msgType
 		},
-		directErrorPrefix: "Feishu card send failed",
-		replyErrorPrefix: "Feishu card reply failed"
+		directErrorPrefix: "Feishu file send failed",
+		replyErrorPrefix: "Feishu file reply failed"
+	});
+	const response = await requestFeishuApi(() => client.im.message.create({
+		params: { receive_id_type: receiveIdType },
+		data: {
+			receive_id: receiveId,
+			content,
+			msg_type: msgType
+		}
+	}), "Feishu file send failed", { includeNestedErrorLogId: true });
+	assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess(response, "Feishu file send failed");
+	return toFeishuSendResult(response, receiveId, resolveFeishuReceiptKind(msgType));
+}
+/**
+* Helper to detect file type from extension
+*/
+function detectFileType(fileName) {
+	switch (normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(fileName))) {
+		case ".opus":
+		case ".ogg": return "opus";
+		case ".mp4":
+		case ".mov":
+		case ".avi": return "mp4";
+		case ".pdf": return "pdf";
+		case ".doc":
+		case ".docx": return "doc";
+		case ".xls":
+		case ".xlsx": return "xls";
+		case ".ppt":
+		case ".pptx": return "ppt";
+		default: return "stream";
+	}
+}
+function resolveFeishuOutboundMediaKind(params) {
+	const { fileName, contentType } = params;
+	const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(fileName));
+	const mimeKind = mediaKindFromMime(contentType);
+	if ([
+		".jpg",
+		".jpeg",
+		".png",
+		".gif",
+		".webp",
+		".bmp",
+		".ico",
+		".tiff"
+	].includes(ext) || mimeKind === "image") return { msgType: "image" };
+	if (ext === ".opus" || ext === ".ogg" || contentType === "audio/ogg" || contentType === "audio/opus") return {
+		fileType: "opus",
+		msgType: "audio"
+	};
+	if ([
+		".mp4",
+		".mov",
+		".avi"
+	].includes(ext) || contentType === "video/mp4" || contentType === "video/quicktime" || contentType === "video/x-msvideo") return {
+		fileType: "mp4",
+		msgType: "media"
+	};
+	const fileType = detectFileType(fileName);
+	return {
+		fileType,
+		msgType: fileType === "stream" ? "file" : fileType === "opus" ? "audio" : fileType === "mp4" ? "media" : "file"
+	};
+}
+function isFeishuNativeVoiceAudio(params) {
+	const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(params.fileName));
+	const contentType = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(params.contentType);
+	return ext === ".opus" || ext === ".ogg" || contentType === "audio/ogg" || contentType === "audio/opus";
+}
+function normalizeMediaNameForExtension(raw) {
+	try {
+		return new URL(raw).pathname;
+	} catch {
+		return raw.split(/[?#]/, 1)[0] ?? raw;
+	}
+}
+function shouldSuppressFeishuTextForVoiceMedia(params) {
+	if (params.ttsSupplement) return params.ttsSupplement.visibleTextAlreadyDelivered === true;
+	if (params.audioAsVoice === true) return true;
+	if (params.fileName && isFeishuNativeVoiceAudio({
+		fileName: params.fileName,
+		contentType: params.contentType
+	})) return true;
+	if (!params.mediaUrl) return false;
+	return isFeishuNativeVoiceAudio({
+		fileName: normalizeMediaNameForExtension(params.mediaUrl),
+		contentType: params.contentType
 	});
 }
-async function editMessageFeishu(params) {
-	const { cfg, messageId, text, card, accountId } = params;
-	const account = resolveFeishuRuntimeAccount({
-		cfg,
-		accountId
-	});
-	if (!account.configured) throw new Error(`Feishu account "${account.accountId}" not configured`);
-	if ((typeof text === "string" && text.trim().length > 0) === Boolean(card)) throw new Error("Feishu edit requires exactly one of text or card.");
-	const client = createFeishuClient(account);
-	if (card) {
-		const content = JSON.stringify(card);
-		const response = await client.im.message.patch({
-			path: { message_id: messageId },
-			data: { content }
+function isLikelyTranscodableAudio(params) {
+	const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(params.fileName));
+	const contentType = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(params.contentType);
+	return FEISHU_TRANSCODABLE_AUDIO_EXTS.has(ext) || mediaKindFromMime(contentType) === "audio";
+}
+async function transcodeToFeishuVoiceOpus(params) {
+	return await withTempWorkspace({
+		rootDir: resolvePreferredOpenClawTmpDir(),
+		prefix: "feishu-voice-"
+	}, async (workspace) => {
+		const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(params.fileName));
+		const inputExt = ext && ext.length <= 12 ? ext : ".audio";
+		const inputPath = await workspace.write(`input${inputExt}`, params.buffer);
+		await writeExternalFileWithinRoot({
+			rootDir: workspace.dir,
+			path: FEISHU_VOICE_FILE_NAME,
+			write: async (outputPath) => {
+				await runFfmpeg([
+					"-hide_banner",
+					"-loglevel",
+					"error",
+					"-y",
+					"-i",
+					inputPath,
+					"-vn",
+					"-sn",
+					"-dn",
+					"-t",
+					String(MEDIA_FFMPEG_MAX_AUDIO_DURATION_SECS),
+					"-ar",
+					String(FEISHU_VOICE_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ),
+					"-ac",
+					"1",
+					"-c:a",
+					"libopus",
+					"-b:a",
+					FEISHU_VOICE_BITRATE,
+					"-f",
+					"ogg",
+					outputPath
+				]);
+			}
 		});
-		if (response.code !== 0) throw new Error(`Feishu message edit failed: ${response.msg || `code ${response.code}`}`);
 		return {
-			messageId,
-			contentType: "interactive"
+			buffer: await workspace.read(FEISHU_VOICE_FILE_NAME),
+			fileName: FEISHU_VOICE_FILE_NAME,
+			contentType: "audio/ogg"
 		};
-	}
-	const content = buildFeishuPostMessageContent({ messageText: materializeFeishuPostMarkdownSoftBreaks(convertMarkdownTables(text, resolveMarkdownTableMode({
-		cfg,
-		channel: "feishu"
-	}))) });
-	assertFeishuPostWithinEnvelope(content, "Feishu message edit");
-	const response = await client.im.message.patch({
-		path: { message_id: messageId },
-		data: { content }
 	});
-	if (response.code !== 0) throw new Error(`Feishu message edit failed: ${response.msg || `code ${response.code}`}`);
-	return {
-		messageId,
-		contentType: "post"
-	};
 }
-/**
-* Build a Feishu interactive card with markdown content.
-* Cards render markdown properly (code blocks, tables, links, etc.)
-* Uses schema 2.0 format for proper markdown rendering.
-*/
-function buildMarkdownCard(text) {
-	return {
-		schema: "2.0",
-		config: { width_mode: "fill" },
-		body: { elements: [{
-			tag: "markdown",
-			content: text
-		}] }
-	};
+async function prepareFeishuVoiceMedia(params) {
+	if (isFeishuNativeVoiceAudio(params)) return params;
+	if (params.audioAsVoice !== true || !isLikelyTranscodableAudio(params)) return params;
+	try {
+		return await transcodeToFeishuVoiceOpus(params);
+	} catch (err) {
+		console.warn(`[feishu] audioAsVoice transcode failed; sending ${params.fileName} as a file attachment:`, err);
+		return params;
+	}
 }
-/**
-* Build a Feishu interactive card with optional header and note footer.
-* When header/note are omitted, behaves identically to buildMarkdownCard.
-*/
-function buildStructuredCard(text, options) {
-	const elements = [{
-		tag: "markdown",
-		content: text
-	}];
-	if (options?.note) {
-		elements.push({ tag: "hr" });
-		elements.push({
-			tag: "markdown",
-			content: `<font color='grey'>${options.note}</font>`
+async function probeMediaDurationMs(params) {
+	try {
+		return await withTempWorkspace({
+			rootDir: resolvePreferredOpenClawTmpDir(),
+			prefix: "feishu-media-probe-"
+		}, async (workspace) => {
+			const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(params.fileName));
+			const inferredExt = ext && ext.length <= 12 ? ext : mediaKindFromMime(params.contentType) === "video" ? ".mp4" : ".ogg";
+			const stdout = await runFfprobe([
+				"-v",
+				"error",
+				"-show_entries",
+				"format=duration",
+				"-of",
+				"csv=p=0",
+				await workspace.write(`input${inferredExt}`, params.buffer)
+			], { timeoutMs: 5e3 });
+			const seconds = Number.parseFloat(stdout.trim());
+			if (!Number.isFinite(seconds) || seconds <= 0) return;
+			return Math.max(1, Math.round(seconds * 1e3));
 		});
+	} catch (err) {
+		console.warn("[feishu] failed to probe media duration; upload will omit it:", err);
+		return;
 	}
-	const card = {
-		schema: "2.0",
-		config: { width_mode: "fill" },
-		body: { elements }
-	};
-	if (options?.header) card.header = {
-		title: {
-			tag: "plain_text",
-			content: options.header.title
-		},
-		template: resolveFeishuCardTemplate(options.header.template) ?? "blue"
-	};
-	return card;
 }
-/**
-* Send a message as a structured card with optional header and note.
-*/
-async function sendStructuredCardFeishu(params) {
-	const { cfg, to, text, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, allowTopLevelReplyFallback, mentions, accountId, header, note } = params;
-	let cardText = text;
-	if (mentions && mentions.length > 0) cardText = buildMentionedCardContent(mentions, text);
-	return sendCardFeishu({
-		cfg,
-		to,
-		card: buildStructuredCard(cardText, {
-			header,
-			note
-		}),
-		replyToMessageId,
-		replyInThread,
-		allowTopLevelReplyFallback,
-		accountId
-	});
+async function maybeProbeUploadDurationMs(params) {
+	if (params.msgType !== "audio" && params.msgType !== "media") return;
+	return await probeMediaDurationMs(params);
 }
 /**
-* Send a message as a markdown card (interactive message).
-* This renders markdown properly in Feishu (code blocks, tables, bold/italic, etc.)
+* Upload and send media (image or file) from URL, local path, or buffer.
+* When mediaUrl is a local path, mediaLocalRoots (from core outbound context)
+* must be passed so loadWebMedia allows the path (post CVE-2026-26321).
 */
-async function sendMarkdownCardFeishu(params) {
-	const { cfg, to, text, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, allowTopLevelReplyFallback, mentions, accountId } = params;
-	let cardText = text;
-	if (mentions && mentions.length > 0) cardText = buildMentionedCardContent(mentions, text);
-	return sendCardFeishu({
+async function sendMediaFeishu(params) {
+	const { cfg, to, mediaUrl, mediaBuffer, fileName, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, allowTopLevelReplyFallback, accountId, mediaLocalRoots, audioAsVoice } = params;
+	const mediaMaxBytes = ((await runBeforeFeishuMessageDispatch(() => {
+		const resolved = resolveFeishuRuntimeAccount({
+			cfg,
+			accountId
+		});
+		if (!resolved.configured) throw new Error(`Feishu account "${resolved.accountId}" not configured`);
+		return resolved;
+	})).config?.mediaMaxMb ?? 30) * 1024 * 1024;
+	let buffer;
+	let name;
+	let contentType;
+	const loaded = await runBeforeFeishuMessageDispatch(async () => {
+		if (mediaBuffer) return {
+			buffer: mediaBuffer,
+			name: fileName ?? "file",
+			contentType: void 0
+		};
+		if (mediaUrl) {
+			const media = await getFeishuRuntime().media.loadWebMedia(mediaUrl, {
+				maxBytes: mediaMaxBytes,
+				optimizeImages: false,
+				localRoots: mediaLocalRoots?.length ? mediaLocalRoots : void 0
+			});
+			return {
+				buffer: media.buffer,
+				name: fileName ?? media.fileName ?? "file",
+				contentType: media.contentType
+			};
+		}
+		throw new Error("Either mediaUrl or mediaBuffer must be provided");
+	});
+	buffer = loaded.buffer;
+	name = loaded.name;
+	contentType = loaded.contentType;
+	const prepared = await runBeforeFeishuMessageDispatch(() => prepareFeishuVoiceMedia({
+		buffer,
+		fileName: name,
+		contentType,
+		audioAsVoice
+	}));
+	buffer = prepared.buffer;
+	name = prepared.fileName;
+	contentType = prepared.contentType;
+	const routing = resolveFeishuOutboundMediaKind({
+		fileName: name,
+		contentType
+	});
+	const voiceIntentDegradedToFile = audioAsVoice === true && routing.msgType !== "audio";
+	if (routing.msgType === "image") {
+		const { imageKey } = await runBeforeFeishuMessageDispatch(() => uploadImageFeishu({
+			cfg,
+			image: buffer,
+			accountId
+		}));
+		return {
+			...await sendImageFeishu({
+				cfg,
+				to,
+				imageKey,
+				replyToMessageId,
+				replyInThread,
+				allowTopLevelReplyFallback,
+				accountId
+			}),
+			...voiceIntentDegradedToFile ? { voiceIntentDegradedToFile: true } : {}
+		};
+	}
+	const durationMs = await maybeProbeUploadDurationMs({
+		buffer,
+		fileName: name,
+		contentType,
+		msgType: routing.msgType
+	});
+	const { fileKey } = await runBeforeFeishuMessageDispatch(() => uploadFileFeishu({
 		cfg,
-		to,
-		card: buildMarkdownCard(cardText),
-		replyToMessageId,
-		replyInThread,
-		allowTopLevelReplyFallback,
+		file: buffer,
+		fileName: name,
+		fileType: routing.fileType ?? "stream",
+		...durationMs !== void 0 ? { duration: durationMs } : {},
 		accountId
-	});
+	}));
+	return {
+		...await sendFileFeishu({
+			cfg,
+			to,
+			fileKey,
+			msgType: routing.msgType,
+			replyToMessageId,
+			replyInThread,
+			allowTopLevelReplyFallback,
+			accountId
+		}),
+		...voiceIntentDegradedToFile ? { voiceIntentDegradedToFile: true } : {}
+	};
 }
 //#endregion
-export { resolveFeishuIdentityEmoji as _, sendMarkdownCardFeishu as a, parsePostContent as c, isMentionForwardRequest as d, isFeishuGroupChatType as f, normalizeFeishuExternalKey as g, shouldSuppressFeishuTextForVoiceMedia as h, sendCardFeishu as i, extractMentionTargets as l, sendMediaFeishu as m, getMessageFeishu as n, sendMessageFeishu as o, saveMessageResourceFeishu as p, listFeishuThreadMessages as r, sendStructuredCardFeishu as s, editMessageFeishu as t, isFeishuBroadcastMention as u, resolveFeishuIdentityHeaderTitle as v };
+export { buildFeishuMediaFallbackText as _, getMessageFeishu as a, sendMarkdownCardFeishu as c, parsePostContent as d, extractMentionTargets as f, normalizeFeishuExternalKey as g, isFeishuGroupChatType as h, editMessageFeishu as i, sendMessageFeishu as l, isMentionForwardRequest as m, sendMediaFeishu as n, listFeishuThreadMessages as o, isFeishuBroadcastMention as p, shouldSuppressFeishuTextForVoiceMedia as r, sendCardFeishu as s, saveMessageResourceFeishu as t, sendStructuredCardFeishu as u, resolveFeishuIdentityEmoji as v, resolveFeishuIdentityHeaderTitle as y };