@openclaw/feishu 2026.3.13 → 2026.5.2-beta.1

package/src/media.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,42 @@
-import fs from "fs";
-import path from "path";
-import { Readable } from "stream";
-import { withTempDownloadPath, type ClawdbotConfig } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/feishu";
-import { resolveFeishuAccount } from "./accounts.js";
+import fs from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+import { Readable } from "node:stream";
+import type * as Lark from "@larksuiteoapi/node-sdk";
+import { mediaKindFromMime } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/media-mime";
+import { MEDIA_FFMPEG_MAX_AUDIO_DURATION_SECS, runFfmpeg } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/media-runtime";
+import {
+  resolvePreferredOpenClawTmpDir,
+  withTempDownloadPath,
+} from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/temp-path";
+import { normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk/text-runtime";
+import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "../runtime-api.js";
+import { resolveFeishuRuntimeAccount } from "./accounts.js";
 import { createFeishuClient } from "./client.js";
+import { requestFeishuApi } from "./comment-shared.js";
 import { normalizeFeishuExternalKey } from "./external-keys.js";
 import { getFeishuRuntime } from "./runtime.js";
 import { assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess, toFeishuSendResult } from "./send-result.js";
 import { resolveFeishuSendTarget } from "./send-target.js";
 
 const FEISHU_MEDIA_HTTP_TIMEOUT_MS = 120_000;
+const FEISHU_VOICE_FILE_NAME = "voice.ogg";
+const FEISHU_VOICE_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ = 48_000;
+const FEISHU_VOICE_BITRATE = "64k";
+
+const FEISHU_TRANSCODABLE_AUDIO_EXTS = new Set([
+  ".aac",
+  ".aiff",
+  ".alac",
+  ".amr",
+  ".caf",
+  ".flac",
+  ".m4a",
+  ".mp3",
+  ".oga",
+  ".wav",
+  ".webm",
+  ".wma",
+]);
 
 export type DownloadImageResult = {
   buffer: Buffer;
@@ -23,10 +50,10 @@ export type DownloadMessageResourceResult = {
 };
 
 function createConfiguredFeishuMediaClient(params: { cfg: ClawdbotConfig; accountId?: string }): {
-  account: ReturnType<typeof resolveFeishuAccount>;
+  account: ReturnType<typeof resolveFeishuRuntimeAccount>;
   client: ReturnType<typeof createFeishuClient>;
 } {
-  const account = resolveFeishuAccount({ cfg: params.cfg, accountId: params.accountId });
+  const account = resolveFeishuRuntimeAccount({ cfg: params.cfg, accountId: params.accountId });
   if (!account.configured) {
     throw new Error(`Feishu account "${account.accountId}" not configured`);
   }
@@ -40,83 +67,235 @@ function createConfiguredFeishuMediaClient(params: { cfg: ClawdbotConfig; accoun
   };
 }
 
+type FeishuUploadResponse =
+  | Awaited<ReturnType<Lark.Client["im"]["image"]["create"]>>
+  | Awaited<ReturnType<Lark.Client["im"]["file"]["create"]>>;
+
+type FeishuDownloadResponse =
+  | Awaited<ReturnType<Lark.Client["im"]["image"]["get"]>>
+  | Awaited<ReturnType<Lark.Client["im"]["file"]["get"]>>
+  | Awaited<ReturnType<Lark.Client["im"]["messageResource"]["get"]>>;
+
+type FeishuHeaderMap = Record<string, string | string[]>;
+type FeishuMessageResourceDownloadType = "image" | "file" | "media";
+
+function asHeaderMap(value: object | undefined): FeishuHeaderMap | undefined {
+  if (!value) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const entries = Object.entries(value);
+  if (entries.every(([, entry]) => typeof entry === "string" || Array.isArray(entry))) {
+    return Object.fromEntries(entries) as FeishuHeaderMap;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
 function extractFeishuUploadKey(
-  response: unknown,
+  response: FeishuUploadResponse,
   params: {
     key: "image_key" | "file_key";
     errorPrefix: string;
   },
 ): string {
-  // SDK v1.30+ returns data directly without code wrapper on success.
-  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any -- SDK response type
-  const responseAny = response as any;
-  if (responseAny.code !== undefined && responseAny.code !== 0) {
-    throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: ${responseAny.msg || `code ${responseAny.code}`}`);
+  if (!response) {
+    throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: empty response`);
   }
 
-  const key = responseAny[params.key] ?? responseAny.data?.[params.key];
+  const wrappedResponse = response as {
+    image_key?: string;
+    file_key?: string;
+    code?: number;
+    msg?: string;
+    data?: Partial<Record<"image_key" | "file_key", string>>;
+  };
+  if (wrappedResponse.code !== undefined && wrappedResponse.code !== 0) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `${params.errorPrefix}: ${wrappedResponse.msg || `code ${wrappedResponse.code}`}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const key =
+    params.key === "image_key"
+      ? (wrappedResponse.image_key ?? wrappedResponse.data?.image_key)
+      : (wrappedResponse.file_key ?? wrappedResponse.data?.file_key);
   if (!key) {
     throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: no ${params.key} returned`);
   }
   return key;
 }
 
+function readHeaderValue(
+  headers: Record<string, unknown> | undefined,
+  name: string,
+): string | undefined {
+  if (!headers) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(headers)) {
+    if (normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(key) !== normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(name)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (typeof value === "string" && value.trim()) {
+      return value.trim();
+    }
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+      const first = value.find((entry) => typeof entry === "string" && entry.trim());
+      if (typeof first === "string") {
+        return first.trim();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+function readHttpStatusFromError(error: unknown): number | undefined {
+  if (!error || typeof error !== "object") {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const response = (error as { response?: unknown }).response;
+  if (response && typeof response === "object") {
+    const status = (response as { status?: unknown }).status;
+    if (typeof status === "number") {
+      return status;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const status = (error as { status?: unknown }).status;
+  return typeof status === "number" ? status : undefined;
+}
+
+function isHttpStatusError(error: unknown, status: number): boolean {
+  return readHttpStatusFromError(error) === status;
+}
+
+function containsEastAsianScript(value: string): boolean {
+  return /[\p{Script=Han}\p{Script=Hiragana}\p{Script=Katakana}\p{Script=Hangul}]/u.test(value);
+}
+
+function recoverUtf8FileNameFromLatin1Header(value: string): string {
+  const recovered = Buffer.from(value, "latin1").toString("utf8");
+  if (recovered !== value && !recovered.includes("\uFFFD") && containsEastAsianScript(recovered)) {
+    return recovered;
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+function decodeDispositionFileName(value: string): string | undefined {
+  const utf8Match = value.match(/filename\*=UTF-8''([^;]+)/i);
+  if (utf8Match?.[1]) {
+    try {
+      return decodeURIComponent(utf8Match[1].trim().replace(/^"(.*)"$/, "$1"));
+    } catch {
+      return utf8Match[1].trim().replace(/^"(.*)"$/, "$1");
+    }
+  }
+
+  const plainMatch = value.match(/filename="?([^";]+)"?/i);
+  const plainFileName = plainMatch?.[1]?.trim();
+  return plainFileName ? recoverUtf8FileNameFromLatin1Header(plainFileName) : undefined;
+}
+
+function extractFeishuDownloadMetadata(response: FeishuDownloadResponse): {
+  contentType?: string;
+  fileName?: string;
+} {
+  const responseWithOptionalFields = response as FeishuDownloadResponse & {
+    header?: object;
+    contentType?: string;
+    mime_type?: string;
+    data?: {
+      contentType?: string;
+      mime_type?: string;
+      file_name?: string;
+      fileName?: string;
+    };
+    file_name?: string;
+    fileName?: string;
+  };
+  const headers =
+    asHeaderMap(responseWithOptionalFields.headers) ??
+    asHeaderMap(responseWithOptionalFields.header);
+
+  const contentType =
+    readHeaderValue(headers, "content-type") ??
+    responseWithOptionalFields.contentType ??
+    responseWithOptionalFields.mime_type ??
+    responseWithOptionalFields.data?.contentType ??
+    responseWithOptionalFields.data?.mime_type;
+
+  const disposition = readHeaderValue(headers, "content-disposition");
+  const fileName =
+    (disposition ? decodeDispositionFileName(disposition) : undefined) ??
+    responseWithOptionalFields.file_name ??
+    responseWithOptionalFields.fileName ??
+    responseWithOptionalFields.data?.file_name ??
+    responseWithOptionalFields.data?.fileName;
+
+  return { contentType, fileName };
+}
+
+async function readReadableBuffer(stream: Readable): Promise<Buffer> {
+  const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+  for await (const chunk of stream) {
+    chunks.push(Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk));
+  }
+  return Buffer.concat(chunks);
+}
+
 async function readFeishuResponseBuffer(params: {
-  response: unknown;
+  response: FeishuDownloadResponse;
   tmpDirPrefix: string;
   errorPrefix: string;
 }): Promise<Buffer> {
   const { response } = params;
-  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any -- SDK response type
-  const responseAny = response as any;
-  if (responseAny.code !== undefined && responseAny.code !== 0) {
-    throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: ${responseAny.msg || `code ${responseAny.code}`}`);
-  }
-
   if (Buffer.isBuffer(response)) {
     return response;
   }
   if (response instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
     return Buffer.from(response);
   }
-  if (responseAny.data && Buffer.isBuffer(responseAny.data)) {
-    return responseAny.data;
+  const responseWithOptionalFields = response as FeishuDownloadResponse & {
+    code?: number;
+    msg?: string;
+    data?: Buffer | ArrayBuffer;
+    [Symbol.asyncIterator]?: () => AsyncIterator<Buffer | Uint8Array | string>;
+  };
+  if (responseWithOptionalFields.code !== undefined && responseWithOptionalFields.code !== 0) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `${params.errorPrefix}: ${responseWithOptionalFields.msg || `code ${responseWithOptionalFields.code}`}`,
+    );
   }
-  if (responseAny.data instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
-    return Buffer.from(responseAny.data);
+
+  if (responseWithOptionalFields.data && Buffer.isBuffer(responseWithOptionalFields.data)) {
+    return responseWithOptionalFields.data;
   }
-  if (typeof responseAny.getReadableStream === "function") {
-    const stream = responseAny.getReadableStream();
-    const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
-    for await (const chunk of stream) {
-      chunks.push(Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk));
-    }
-    return Buffer.concat(chunks);
+  if (responseWithOptionalFields.data instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
+    return Buffer.from(responseWithOptionalFields.data);
+  }
+  if (typeof response.getReadableStream === "function") {
+    return readReadableBuffer(response.getReadableStream());
   }
-  if (typeof responseAny.writeFile === "function") {
+  if (typeof response.writeFile === "function") {
     return await withTempDownloadPath({ prefix: params.tmpDirPrefix }, async (tmpPath) => {
-      await responseAny.writeFile(tmpPath);
+      await response.writeFile(tmpPath);
       return await fs.promises.readFile(tmpPath);
     });
   }
-  if (typeof responseAny[Symbol.asyncIterator] === "function") {
+  if (responseWithOptionalFields[Symbol.asyncIterator]) {
+    const asyncIterable = responseWithOptionalFields as AsyncIterable<Buffer | Uint8Array | string>;
     const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
-    for await (const chunk of responseAny) {
+    for await (const chunk of asyncIterable) {
       chunks.push(Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk));
     }
     return Buffer.concat(chunks);
   }
-  if (typeof responseAny.read === "function") {
-    const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
-    for await (const chunk of responseAny as Readable) {
-      chunks.push(Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk));
-    }
-    return Buffer.concat(chunks);
+  if (response instanceof Readable) {
+    return readReadableBuffer(response);
   }
 
-  const keys = Object.keys(responseAny);
-  const types = keys.map((k) => `${k}: ${typeof responseAny[k]}`).join(", ");
-  throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: unexpected response format. Keys: [${types}]`);
+  const keys = Object.keys(response as object);
+  throw new Error(`${params.errorPrefix}: unexpected response format. Keys: [${keys.join(", ")}]`);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -144,7 +323,27 @@ export async function downloadImageFeishu(params: {
     tmpDirPrefix: "openclaw-feishu-img-",
     errorPrefix: "Feishu image download failed",
   });
-  return { buffer };
+  const meta = extractFeishuDownloadMetadata(response);
+  return { buffer, contentType: meta.contentType };
+}
+
+async function downloadMessageResourceWithType(params: {
+  client: ReturnType<typeof createFeishuClient>;
+  messageId: string;
+  fileKey: string;
+  type: FeishuMessageResourceDownloadType;
+}): Promise<DownloadMessageResourceResult> {
+  const response = await params.client.im.messageResource.get({
+    path: { message_id: params.messageId, file_key: params.fileKey },
+    params: { type: params.type },
+  });
+
+  const buffer = await readFeishuResponseBuffer({
+    response,
+    tmpDirPrefix: "openclaw-feishu-resource-",
+    errorPrefix: "Feishu message resource download failed",
+  });
+  return { buffer, ...extractFeishuDownloadMetadata(response) };
 }
 
 /**
@@ -165,17 +364,28 @@ export async function downloadMessageResourceFeishu(params: {
   }
   const { client } = createConfiguredFeishuMediaClient({ cfg, accountId });
 
-  const response = await client.im.messageResource.get({
-    path: { message_id: messageId, file_key: normalizedFileKey },
-    params: { type },
-  });
-
-  const buffer = await readFeishuResponseBuffer({
-    response,
-    tmpDirPrefix: "openclaw-feishu-resource-",
-    errorPrefix: "Feishu message resource download failed",
-  });
-  return { buffer };
+  try {
+    return await downloadMessageResourceWithType({
+      client,
+      messageId,
+      fileKey: normalizedFileKey,
+      type,
+    });
+  } catch (err) {
+    if (type !== "file" || !isHttpStatusError(err, 502)) {
+      throw err;
+    }
+    try {
+      return await downloadMessageResourceWithType({
+        client,
+        messageId,
+        fileKey: normalizedFileKey,
+        type: "media",
+      });
+    } catch {
+      throw err;
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 export type UploadImageResult = {
@@ -209,13 +419,17 @@ export async function uploadImageFeishu(params: {
   // See: https://github.com/larksuite/node-sdk/issues/121
   const imageData = typeof image === "string" ? fs.createReadStream(image) : image;
 
-  const response = await client.im.image.create({
-    data: {
-      image_type: imageType,
-      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any -- SDK accepts Buffer or ReadStream
-      image: imageData as any,
-    },
-  });
+  const response = await requestFeishuApi(
+    () =>
+      client.im.image.create({
+        data: {
+          image_type: imageType,
+          image: imageData,
+        },
+      }),
+    "Feishu image upload failed",
+    { includeNestedErrorLogId: true },
+  );
 
   return {
     imageKey: extractFeishuUploadKey(response, {
@@ -236,7 +450,7 @@ export async function uploadImageFeishu(params: {
  * in chat (regression in v2026.3.2).
  */
 export function sanitizeFileNameForUpload(fileName: string): string {
-  return fileName.replace(/[\x00-\x1F\x7F\r\n"\\]/g, "_");
+  return fileName.replace(/[\p{Cc}"\\]/gu, "_");
 }
 
 /**
@@ -261,15 +475,19 @@ export async function uploadFileFeishu(params: {
 
   const safeFileName = sanitizeFileNameForUpload(fileName);
 
-  const response = await client.im.file.create({
-    data: {
-      file_type: fileType,
-      file_name: safeFileName,
-      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any -- SDK accepts Buffer or ReadStream
-      file: fileData as any,
-      ...(duration !== undefined && { duration }),
-    },
-  });
+  const response = await requestFeishuApi(
+    () =>
+      client.im.file.create({
+        data: {
+          file_type: fileType,
+          file_name: safeFileName,
+          file: fileData,
+          ...(duration !== undefined && { duration }),
+        },
+      }),
+    "Feishu file upload failed",
+    { includeNestedErrorLogId: true },
+  );
 
   return {
     fileKey: extractFeishuUploadKey(response, {
@@ -299,26 +517,36 @@ export async function sendImageFeishu(params: {
   const content = JSON.stringify({ image_key: imageKey });
 
   if (replyToMessageId) {
-    const response = await client.im.message.reply({
-      path: { message_id: replyToMessageId },
-      data: {
-        content,
-        msg_type: "image",
-        ...(replyInThread ? { reply_in_thread: true } : {}),
-      },
-    });
+    const response = await requestFeishuApi(
+      () =>
+        client.im.message.reply({
+          path: { message_id: replyToMessageId },
+          data: {
+            content,
+            msg_type: "image",
+            ...(replyInThread ? { reply_in_thread: true } : {}),
+          },
+        }),
+      "Feishu image reply failed",
+      { includeNestedErrorLogId: true },
+    );
     assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess(response, "Feishu image reply failed");
     return toFeishuSendResult(response, receiveId);
   }
 
-  const response = await client.im.message.create({
-    params: { receive_id_type: receiveIdType },
-    data: {
-      receive_id: receiveId,
-      content,
-      msg_type: "image",
-    },
-  });
+  const response = await requestFeishuApi(
+    () =>
+      client.im.message.create({
+        params: { receive_id_type: receiveIdType },
+        data: {
+          receive_id: receiveId,
+          content,
+          msg_type: "image",
+        },
+      }),
+    "Feishu image send failed",
+    { includeNestedErrorLogId: true },
+  );
   assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess(response, "Feishu image send failed");
   return toFeishuSendResult(response, receiveId);
 }
@@ -346,26 +574,36 @@ export async function sendFileFeishu(params: {
   const content = JSON.stringify({ file_key: fileKey });
 
   if (replyToMessageId) {
-    const response = await client.im.message.reply({
-      path: { message_id: replyToMessageId },
-      data: {
-        content,
-        msg_type: msgType,
-        ...(replyInThread ? { reply_in_thread: true } : {}),
-      },
-    });
+    const response = await requestFeishuApi(
+      () =>
+        client.im.message.reply({
+          path: { message_id: replyToMessageId },
+          data: {
+            content,
+            msg_type: msgType,
+            ...(replyInThread ? { reply_in_thread: true } : {}),
+          },
+        }),
+      "Feishu file reply failed",
+      { includeNestedErrorLogId: true },
+    );
     assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess(response, "Feishu file reply failed");
     return toFeishuSendResult(response, receiveId);
   }
 
-  const response = await client.im.message.create({
-    params: { receive_id_type: receiveIdType },
-    data: {
-      receive_id: receiveId,
-      content,
-      msg_type: msgType,
-    },
-  });
+  const response = await requestFeishuApi(
+    () =>
+      client.im.message.create({
+        params: { receive_id_type: receiveIdType },
+        data: {
+          receive_id: receiveId,
+          content,
+          msg_type: msgType,
+        },
+      }),
+    "Feishu file send failed",
+    { includeNestedErrorLogId: true },
+  );
   assertFeishuMessageApiSuccess(response, "Feishu file send failed");
   return toFeishuSendResult(response, receiveId);
 }
@@ -376,7 +614,7 @@ export async function sendFileFeishu(params: {
 export function detectFileType(
   fileName: string,
 ): "opus" | "mp4" | "pdf" | "doc" | "xls" | "ppt" | "stream" {
-  const ext = path.extname(fileName).toLowerCase();
+  const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(fileName));
   switch (ext) {
     case ".opus":
     case ".ogg":
@@ -401,6 +639,136 @@ export function detectFileType(
   }
 }
 
+function resolveFeishuOutboundMediaKind(params: { fileName: string; contentType?: string }): {
+  fileType?: "opus" | "mp4" | "pdf" | "doc" | "xls" | "ppt" | "stream";
+  msgType: "image" | "file" | "audio" | "media";
+} {
+  const { fileName, contentType } = params;
+  const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(fileName));
+  const mimeKind = mediaKindFromMime(contentType);
+
+  const isImageExt = [".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png", ".gif", ".webp", ".bmp", ".ico", ".tiff"].includes(
+    ext,
+  );
+  if (isImageExt || mimeKind === "image") {
+    return { msgType: "image" };
+  }
+
+  if (
+    ext === ".opus" ||
+    ext === ".ogg" ||
+    contentType === "audio/ogg" ||
+    contentType === "audio/opus"
+  ) {
+    return { fileType: "opus", msgType: "audio" };
+  }
+
+  if (
+    [".mp4", ".mov", ".avi"].includes(ext) ||
+    contentType === "video/mp4" ||
+    contentType === "video/quicktime" ||
+    contentType === "video/x-msvideo"
+  ) {
+    return { fileType: "mp4", msgType: "media" };
+  }
+
+  const fileType = detectFileType(fileName);
+  return {
+    fileType,
+    msgType:
+      fileType === "stream"
+        ? "file"
+        : fileType === "opus"
+          ? "audio"
+          : fileType === "mp4"
+            ? "media"
+            : "file",
+  };
+}
+
+function isFeishuNativeVoiceAudio(params: { fileName: string; contentType?: string }): boolean {
+  const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(params.fileName));
+  const contentType = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(params.contentType);
+  return (
+    ext === ".opus" || ext === ".ogg" || contentType === "audio/ogg" || contentType === "audio/opus"
+  );
+}
+
+function isLikelyTranscodableAudio(params: { fileName: string; contentType?: string }): boolean {
+  const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(params.fileName));
+  const contentType = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(params.contentType);
+  return FEISHU_TRANSCODABLE_AUDIO_EXTS.has(ext) || mediaKindFromMime(contentType) === "audio";
+}
+
+async function transcodeToFeishuVoiceOpus(params: {
+  buffer: Buffer;
+  fileName: string;
+  contentType?: string;
+}): Promise<{ buffer: Buffer; fileName: string; contentType: string }> {
+  const tempRoot = resolvePreferredOpenClawTmpDir();
+  await fs.promises.mkdir(tempRoot, { recursive: true, mode: 0o700 });
+  const tempDir = await fs.promises.mkdtemp(path.join(tempRoot, "feishu-voice-"));
+  try {
+    const ext = normalizeLowercaseStringOrEmpty(path.extname(params.fileName));
+    const inputExt = ext && ext.length <= 12 ? ext : ".audio";
+    const inputPath = path.join(tempDir, `input${inputExt}`);
+    const outputPath = path.join(tempDir, FEISHU_VOICE_FILE_NAME);
+    await fs.promises.writeFile(inputPath, params.buffer, { mode: 0o600 });
+    await runFfmpeg([
+      "-hide_banner",
+      "-loglevel",
+      "error",
+      "-y",
+      "-i",
+      inputPath,
+      "-vn",
+      "-sn",
+      "-dn",
+      "-t",
+      String(MEDIA_FFMPEG_MAX_AUDIO_DURATION_SECS),
+      "-ar",
+      String(FEISHU_VOICE_SAMPLE_RATE_HZ),
+      "-ac",
+      "1",
+      "-c:a",
+      "libopus",
+      "-b:a",
+      FEISHU_VOICE_BITRATE,
+      outputPath,
+    ]);
+    return {
+      buffer: await fs.promises.readFile(outputPath),
+      fileName: FEISHU_VOICE_FILE_NAME,
+      contentType: "audio/ogg",
+    };
+  } finally {
+    await fs.promises.rm(tempDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  }
+}
+
+async function prepareFeishuVoiceMedia(params: {
+  buffer: Buffer;
+  fileName: string;
+  contentType?: string;
+  audioAsVoice?: boolean;
+}): Promise<{ buffer: Buffer; fileName: string; contentType?: string }> {
+  if (isFeishuNativeVoiceAudio(params)) {
+    return params;
+  }
+  if (params.audioAsVoice !== true || !isLikelyTranscodableAudio(params)) {
+    return params;
+  }
+  try {
+    return await transcodeToFeishuVoiceOpus(params);
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.warn(
+      `[feishu] audioAsVoice transcode failed; sending ${params.fileName} as a file attachment:`,
+      err,
+    );
+    return params;
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Upload and send media (image or file) from URL, local path, or buffer.
  * When mediaUrl is a local path, mediaLocalRoots (from core outbound context)
@@ -417,6 +785,8 @@ export async function sendMediaFeishu(params: {
   accountId?: string;
   /** Allowed roots for local path reads; required for local filePath to work. */
   mediaLocalRoots?: readonly string[];
+  /** When true, transcode compatible audio to Feishu native Ogg/Opus voice bubbles. */
+  audioAsVoice?: boolean;
 }): Promise<SendMediaResult> {
   const {
     cfg,
@@ -428,8 +798,9 @@ export async function sendMediaFeishu(params: {
     replyInThread,
     accountId,
     mediaLocalRoots,
+    audioAsVoice,
   } = params;
-  const account = resolveFeishuAccount({ cfg, accountId });
+  const account = resolveFeishuRuntimeAccount({ cfg, accountId });
   if (!account.configured) {
     throw new Error(`Feishu account "${account.accountId}" not configured`);
   }
@@ -437,6 +808,7 @@ export async function sendMediaFeishu(params: {
 
   let buffer: Buffer;
   let name: string;
+  let contentType: string | undefined;
 
   if (mediaBuffer) {
     buffer = mediaBuffer;
@@ -449,36 +821,41 @@ export async function sendMediaFeishu(params: {
     });
     buffer = loaded.buffer;
     name = fileName ?? loaded.fileName ?? "file";
+    contentType = loaded.contentType;
   } else {
     throw new Error("Either mediaUrl or mediaBuffer must be provided");
   }
 
-  // Determine if it's an image based on extension
-  const ext = path.extname(name).toLowerCase();
-  const isImage = [".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png", ".gif", ".webp", ".bmp", ".ico", ".tiff"].includes(ext);
+  const prepared = await prepareFeishuVoiceMedia({
+    buffer,
+    fileName: name,
+    contentType,
+    audioAsVoice,
+  });
+  buffer = prepared.buffer;
+  name = prepared.fileName;
+  contentType = prepared.contentType;
+
+  const routing = resolveFeishuOutboundMediaKind({ fileName: name, contentType });
 
-  if (isImage) {
+  if (routing.msgType === "image") {
     const { imageKey } = await uploadImageFeishu({ cfg, image: buffer, accountId });
     return sendImageFeishu({ cfg, to, imageKey, replyToMessageId, replyInThread, accountId });
-  } else {
-    const fileType = detectFileType(name);
-    const { fileKey } = await uploadFileFeishu({
-      cfg,
-      file: buffer,
-      fileName: name,
-      fileType,
-      accountId,
-    });
-    // Feishu API: opus -> "audio", mp4/video -> "media" (playable), others -> "file"
-    const msgType = fileType === "opus" ? "audio" : fileType === "mp4" ? "media" : "file";
-    return sendFileFeishu({
-      cfg,
-      to,
-      fileKey,
-      msgType,
-      replyToMessageId,
-      replyInThread,
-      accountId,
-    });
   }
+  const { fileKey } = await uploadFileFeishu({
+    cfg,
+    file: buffer,
+    fileName: name,
+    fileType: routing.fileType ?? "stream",
+    accountId,
+  });
+  return sendFileFeishu({
+    cfg,
+    to,
+    fileKey,
+    msgType: routing.msgType,
+    replyToMessageId,
+    replyInThread,
+    accountId,
+  });
 }