@openadapter/koda 1.0.0-beta.3

package/docs/custom-provider.md

@@ -0,0 +1,736 @@
+# Custom Providers
+
+Extensions can register custom model providers via `pi.registerProvider()`. This enables:
+
+- **Proxies** - Route requests through corporate proxies or API gateways
+- **Custom endpoints** - Use self-hosted or private model deployments
+- **OAuth/SSO** - Add authentication flows for enterprise providers
+- **Custom APIs** - Implement streaming for non-standard LLM APIs
+
+## Example Extensions
+
+See these complete provider examples:
+
+- [`examples/extensions/custom-provider-anthropic/`](../examples/extensions/custom-provider-anthropic/)
+- [`examples/extensions/custom-provider-gitlab-duo/`](../examples/extensions/custom-provider-gitlab-duo/)
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [Example Extensions](#example-extensions)
+- [Quick Reference](#quick-reference)
+- [Override Existing Provider](#override-existing-provider)
+- [Register New Provider](#register-new-provider)
+- [Unregister Provider](#unregister-provider)
+- [OAuth Support](#oauth-support)
+- [Custom Streaming API](#custom-streaming-api)
+- [Context Overflow Errors](#context-overflow-errors)
+- [Testing Your Implementation](#testing-your-implementation)
+- [Config Reference](#config-reference)
+- [Model Definition Reference](#model-definition-reference)
+
+## Quick Reference
+
+```typescript
+import type { ExtensionAPI } from "@openadapter/koda";
+
+export default function (pi: ExtensionAPI) {
+  // Override baseUrl for existing provider
+  pi.registerProvider("anthropic", {
+    baseUrl: "https://proxy.example.com"
+  });
+
+  // Register new provider with models
+  pi.registerProvider("my-provider", {
+    name: "My Provider",
+    baseUrl: "https://api.example.com",
+    apiKey: "$MY_API_KEY",
+    api: "openai-completions",
+    models: [
+      {
+        id: "my-model",
+        name: "My Model",
+        reasoning: false,
+        input: ["text", "image"],
+        cost: { input: 0, output: 0, cacheRead: 0, cacheWrite: 0 },
+        contextWindow: 128000,
+        maxTokens: 4096
+      }
+    ]
+  });
+}
+```
+
+The extension factory can also be `async`. For dynamic model discovery, fetch and register models in the factory instead of `session_start`. pi waits for the factory before startup continues, so the provider is available during interactive startup and to `pi --list-models`.
+
+## Override Existing Provider
+
+The simplest use case: redirect an existing provider through a proxy.
+
+```typescript
+// All Anthropic requests now go through your proxy
+pi.registerProvider("anthropic", {
+  baseUrl: "https://proxy.example.com"
+});
+
+// Add custom headers to OpenAI requests
+pi.registerProvider("openai", {
+  headers: {
+    "X-Custom-Header": "value"
+  }
+});
+
+// Both baseUrl and headers
+pi.registerProvider("google", {
+  baseUrl: "https://ai-gateway.corp.com/google",
+  headers: {
+    "X-Corp-Auth": "$CORP_AUTH_TOKEN"  // env var or literal
+  }
+});
+```
+
+When only `baseUrl` and/or `headers` are provided (no `models`), all existing models for that provider are preserved with the new endpoint.
+
+## Register New Provider
+
+To add a completely new provider, specify `models` along with the required configuration.
+
+If the model list comes from a remote endpoint, use an async extension factory:
+
+```typescript
+import type { ExtensionAPI } from "@openadapter/koda";
+
+export default async function (pi: ExtensionAPI) {
+  const response = await fetch("http://localhost:1234/v1/models");
+  const payload = (await response.json()) as {
+    data: Array<{
+      id: string;
+      name?: string;
+      context_window?: number;
+      max_tokens?: number;
+    }>;
+  };
+
+  pi.registerProvider("local-openai", {
+    baseUrl: "http://localhost:1234/v1",
+    apiKey: "$LOCAL_OPENAI_API_KEY",
+    api: "openai-completions",
+    models: payload.data.map((model) => ({
+      id: model.id,
+      name: model.name ?? model.id,
+      reasoning: false,
+      input: ["text"],
+      cost: { input: 0, output: 0, cacheRead: 0, cacheWrite: 0 },
+      contextWindow: model.context_window ?? 128000,
+      maxTokens: model.max_tokens ?? 4096,
+    })),
+  });
+}
+```
+
+This registers the fetched models before startup finishes.
+
+```typescript
+pi.registerProvider("my-llm", {
+  baseUrl: "https://api.my-llm.com/v1",
+  apiKey: "$MY_LLM_API_KEY",  // env var reference
+  api: "openai-completions",  // which streaming API to use
+  models: [
+    {
+      id: "my-llm-large",
+      name: "My LLM Large",
+      reasoning: true,        // supports extended thinking
+      input: ["text", "image"],
+      cost: {
+        input: 3.0,           // $/million tokens
+        output: 15.0,
+        cacheRead: 0.3,
+        cacheWrite: 3.75
+      },
+      contextWindow: 200000,
+      maxTokens: 16384
+    }
+  ]
+});
+```
+
+When `models` is provided, it **replaces** all existing models for that provider.
+
+`apiKey` and custom header values use the same config value syntax as `models.json`: `!command` at the start executes a command for the whole value, `$ENV_VAR` and `${ENV_VAR}` interpolate environment variables, `$$` emits a literal `$`, and `$!` emits a literal `!`.
+
+## Unregister Provider
+
+Use `pi.unregisterProvider(name)` to remove a provider that was previously registered via `pi.registerProvider(name, ...)`:
+
+```typescript
+// Register
+pi.registerProvider("my-llm", {
+  baseUrl: "https://api.my-llm.com/v1",
+  apiKey: "$MY_LLM_API_KEY",
+  api: "openai-completions",
+  models: [
+    {
+      id: "my-llm-large",
+      name: "My LLM Large",
+      reasoning: true,
+      input: ["text", "image"],
+      cost: { input: 3.0, output: 15.0, cacheRead: 0.3, cacheWrite: 3.75 },
+      contextWindow: 200000,
+      maxTokens: 16384
+    }
+  ]
+});
+
+// Later, remove it
+pi.unregisterProvider("my-llm");
+```
+
+Unregistering removes that provider's dynamic models, API key fallback, OAuth provider registration, and custom stream handler registrations. Any built-in models or provider behavior that were overridden are restored.
+
+Calls made after the initial extension load phase are applied immediately, so no `/reload` is required.
+
+### API Types
+
+The `api` field determines which streaming implementation is used:
+
+| API | Use for |
+|-----|---------|
+| `anthropic-messages` | Anthropic Claude API and compatibles |
+| `openai-completions` | OpenAI Chat Completions API and compatibles |
+| `openai-responses` | OpenAI Responses API |
+| `azure-openai-responses` | Azure OpenAI Responses API |
+| `openai-codex-responses` | OpenAI Codex Responses API |
+| `mistral-conversations` | Mistral SDK Conversations/Chat streaming |
+| `google-generative-ai` | Google Generative AI API |
+| `google-vertex` | Google Vertex AI API |
+| `bedrock-converse-stream` | Amazon Bedrock Converse API |
+
+Most OpenAI-compatible providers work with `openai-completions`. Use model-level `thinkingLevelMap` for model-specific thinking levels, and `compat` for provider quirks:
+
+```typescript
+models: [{
+  id: "custom-model",
+  // ...
+  reasoning: true,
+  thinkingLevelMap: {              // map pi levels to provider values; null hides unsupported levels
+    minimal: null,
+    low: null,
+    medium: null,
+    high: "default",
+    xhigh: "max"
+  },
+  compat: {
+    supportsDeveloperRole: false,   // use "system" instead of "developer"
+    supportsReasoningEffort: true,
+    maxTokensField: "max_tokens",   // instead of "max_completion_tokens"
+    requiresToolResultName: true,   // tool results need name field
+    thinkingFormat: "qwen",        // top-level enable_thinking: true
+    cacheControlFormat: "anthropic" // Anthropic-style cache_control markers
+  }
+}]
+```
+
+Use `openrouter` for OpenRouter-style `reasoning: { effort }` controls. Use `together` for Together-style `reasoning: { enabled }` controls; with `supportsReasoningEffort`, it also sends `reasoning_effort`. Use `qwen-chat-template` instead for local Qwen-compatible servers that read `chat_template_kwargs.enable_thinking`.
+Use `cacheControlFormat: "anthropic"` for OpenAI-compatible providers that expose Anthropic-style prompt caching via `cache_control` on the system prompt, last tool definition, and last user/assistant text content.
+
+For Anthropic-compatible providers using `api: "anthropic-messages"`, set `compat.forceAdaptiveThinking: true` on models or providers whose upstream model requires adaptive thinking (`thinking.type: "adaptive"` plus `output_config.effort`). Built-in adaptive Claude models set this automatically. Set `compat.allowEmptySignature: true` only for providers that emit empty thinking signatures and expect `signature: ""` on replay.
+
+> Migration note: Mistral moved from `openai-completions` to `mistral-conversations`.
+> Use `mistral-conversations` for native Mistral models.
+> If you intentionally route Mistral-compatible/custom endpoints through `openai-completions`, set `compat` flags explicitly as needed.
+
+### Auth Header
+
+If your provider expects `Authorization: Bearer <key>` but doesn't use a standard API, set `authHeader: true`:
+
+```typescript
+pi.registerProvider("custom-api", {
+  baseUrl: "https://api.example.com",
+  apiKey: "$MY_API_KEY",
+  authHeader: true,  // adds Authorization: Bearer header
+  api: "openai-completions",
+  models: [...]
+});
+```
+
+## OAuth Support
+
+Add OAuth/SSO authentication that integrates with `/login`:
+
+```typescript
+import type { OAuthCredentials, OAuthLoginCallbacks } from "@openadapter/koda-ai";
+
+pi.registerProvider("corporate-ai", {
+  baseUrl: "https://ai.corp.com/v1",
+  api: "openai-responses",
+  models: [...],
+  oauth: {
+    name: "Corporate AI (SSO)",
+
+    async login(callbacks: OAuthLoginCallbacks): Promise<OAuthCredentials> {
+      const method = await callbacks.onSelect({
+        message: "Select login method:",
+        options: [
+          { id: "browser", label: "Browser OAuth" },
+          { id: "device", label: "Device code" }
+        ]
+      });
+      if (!method) throw new Error("Login cancelled");
+
+      let code: string;
+      if (method === "device") {
+        callbacks.onDeviceCode({
+          userCode: "ABCD-1234",
+          verificationUri: "https://sso.corp.com/device",
+          intervalSeconds: 5,
+          expiresInSeconds: 900
+        });
+        code = await pollDeviceCodeUntilComplete();
+      } else {
+        callbacks.onAuth({ url: "https://sso.corp.com/authorize?..." });
+        code = await callbacks.onPrompt({ message: "Enter SSO code:" });
+      }
+
+      // Exchange for tokens (your implementation)
+      const tokens = await exchangeCodeForTokens(code);
+
+      return {
+        refresh: tokens.refreshToken,
+        access: tokens.accessToken,
+        expires: Date.now() + tokens.expiresIn * 1000
+      };
+    },
+
+    async refreshToken(credentials: OAuthCredentials): Promise<OAuthCredentials> {
+      const tokens = await refreshAccessToken(credentials.refresh);
+      return {
+        refresh: tokens.refreshToken ?? credentials.refresh,
+        access: tokens.accessToken,
+        expires: Date.now() + tokens.expiresIn * 1000
+      };
+    },
+
+    getApiKey(credentials: OAuthCredentials): string {
+      return credentials.access;
+    },
+
+    // Optional: modify models based on user's subscription
+    modifyModels(models, credentials) {
+      const region = decodeRegionFromToken(credentials.access);
+      return models.map(m => ({
+        ...m,
+        baseUrl: `https://${region}.ai.corp.com/v1`
+      }));
+    }
+  }
+});
+```
+
+After registration, users can authenticate via `/login corporate-ai`.
+
+### OAuthLoginCallbacks
+
+The `callbacks` object provides three ways to authenticate:
+
+```typescript
+interface OAuthLoginCallbacks {
+  // Open URL in browser (for OAuth redirects)
+  onAuth(params: { url: string }): void;
+
+  // Show device code (for device authorization flow)
+  onDeviceCode(params: {
+    userCode: string;
+    verificationUri: string;
+    intervalSeconds?: number;
+    expiresInSeconds?: number;
+  }): void;
+
+  // Prompt user for input (for manual token entry)
+  onPrompt(params: { message: string }): Promise<string>;
+
+  // Show an interactive selector, e.g. to choose browser OAuth vs device code
+  onSelect(params: {
+    message: string;
+    options: { id: string; label: string }[];
+  }): Promise<string | undefined>;
+}
+```
+
+### OAuthCredentials
+
+Credentials are persisted in `~/.pi/agent/auth.json`:
+
+```typescript
+interface OAuthCredentials {
+  refresh: string;   // Refresh token (for refreshToken())
+  access: string;    // Access token (returned by getApiKey())
+  expires: number;   // Expiration timestamp in milliseconds
+}
+```
+
+## Custom Streaming API
+
+For providers with non-standard APIs, implement `streamSimple`. Study the existing provider implementations before writing your own:
+
+**Reference implementations:**
+- [anthropic.ts](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi-mono/blob/main/packages/ai/src/providers/anthropic.ts) - Anthropic Messages API
+- [mistral.ts](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi-mono/blob/main/packages/ai/src/providers/mistral.ts) - Mistral Conversations API
+- [openai-completions.ts](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi-mono/blob/main/packages/ai/src/providers/openai-completions.ts) - OpenAI Chat Completions
+- [openai-responses.ts](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi-mono/blob/main/packages/ai/src/providers/openai-responses.ts) - OpenAI Responses API
+- [google.ts](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi-mono/blob/main/packages/ai/src/providers/google.ts) - Google Generative AI
+- [amazon-bedrock.ts](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi-mono/blob/main/packages/ai/src/providers/amazon-bedrock.ts) - AWS Bedrock
+
+### Stream Pattern
+
+All providers follow the same pattern:
+
+```typescript
+import {
+  type AssistantMessage,
+  type AssistantMessageEventStream,
+  type Context,
+  type Model,
+  type SimpleStreamOptions,
+  calculateCost,
+  createAssistantMessageEventStream,
+} from "@openadapter/koda-ai";
+
+function streamMyProvider(
+  model: Model<any>,
+  context: Context,
+  options?: SimpleStreamOptions
+): AssistantMessageEventStream {
+  const stream = createAssistantMessageEventStream();
+
+  (async () => {
+    // Initialize output message
+    const output: AssistantMessage = {
+      role: "assistant",
+      content: [],
+      api: model.api,
+      provider: model.provider,
+      model: model.id,
+      usage: {
+        input: 0,
+        output: 0,
+        cacheRead: 0,
+        cacheWrite: 0,
+        totalTokens: 0,
+        cost: { input: 0, output: 0, cacheRead: 0, cacheWrite: 0, total: 0 },
+      },
+      stopReason: "stop",
+      timestamp: Date.now(),
+    };
+
+    try {
+      // Push start event
+      stream.push({ type: "start", partial: output });
+
+      // Make API request and process response...
+      // Push content events as they arrive...
+
+      // Push done event
+      stream.push({
+        type: "done",
+        reason: output.stopReason as "stop" | "length" | "toolUse",
+        message: output
+      });
+      stream.end();
+    } catch (error) {
+      output.stopReason = options?.signal?.aborted ? "aborted" : "error";
+      output.errorMessage = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+      stream.push({ type: "error", reason: output.stopReason, error: output });
+      stream.end();
+    }
+  })();
+
+  return stream;
+}
+```
+
+### Event Types
+
+Push events via `stream.push()` in this order:
+
+1. `{ type: "start", partial: output }` - Stream started
+
+2. Content events (repeatable, track `contentIndex` for each block):
+   - `{ type: "text_start", contentIndex, partial }` - Text block started
+   - `{ type: "text_delta", contentIndex, delta, partial }` - Text chunk
+   - `{ type: "text_end", contentIndex, content, partial }` - Text block ended
+   - `{ type: "thinking_start", contentIndex, partial }` - Thinking started
+   - `{ type: "thinking_delta", contentIndex, delta, partial }` - Thinking chunk
+   - `{ type: "thinking_end", contentIndex, content, partial }` - Thinking ended
+   - `{ type: "toolcall_start", contentIndex, partial }` - Tool call started
+   - `{ type: "toolcall_delta", contentIndex, delta, partial }` - Tool call JSON chunk
+   - `{ type: "toolcall_end", contentIndex, toolCall, partial }` - Tool call ended
+
+3. `{ type: "done", reason, message }` or `{ type: "error", reason, error }` - Stream ended
+
+The `partial` field in each event contains the current `AssistantMessage` state. Update `output.content` as you receive data, then include `output` as the `partial`.
+
+### Content Blocks
+
+Add content blocks to `output.content` as they arrive:
+
+```typescript
+// Text block
+output.content.push({ type: "text", text: "" });
+stream.push({ type: "text_start", contentIndex: output.content.length - 1, partial: output });
+
+// As text arrives
+const block = output.content[contentIndex];
+if (block.type === "text") {
+  block.text += delta;
+  stream.push({ type: "text_delta", contentIndex, delta, partial: output });
+}
+
+// When block completes
+stream.push({ type: "text_end", contentIndex, content: block.text, partial: output });
+```
+
+### Tool Calls
+
+Tool calls require accumulating JSON and parsing:
+
+```typescript
+// Start tool call
+output.content.push({
+  type: "toolCall",
+  id: toolCallId,
+  name: toolName,
+  arguments: {}
+});
+stream.push({ type: "toolcall_start", contentIndex: output.content.length - 1, partial: output });
+
+// Accumulate JSON
+let partialJson = "";
+partialJson += jsonDelta;
+try {
+  block.arguments = JSON.parse(partialJson);
+} catch {}
+stream.push({ type: "toolcall_delta", contentIndex, delta: jsonDelta, partial: output });
+
+// Complete
+stream.push({
+  type: "toolcall_end",
+  contentIndex,
+  toolCall: { type: "toolCall", id, name, arguments: block.arguments },
+  partial: output
+});
+```
+
+### Usage and Cost
+
+Update usage from API response and calculate cost:
+
+```typescript
+output.usage.input = response.usage.input_tokens;
+output.usage.output = response.usage.output_tokens;
+output.usage.cacheRead = response.usage.cache_read_tokens ?? 0;
+output.usage.cacheWrite = response.usage.cache_write_tokens ?? 0;
+output.usage.totalTokens = output.usage.input + output.usage.output +
+                           output.usage.cacheRead + output.usage.cacheWrite;
+calculateCost(model, output.usage);
+```
+
+### Context Overflow Errors
+
+When a request exceeds the model's context window, pi can recover automatically by compacting the conversation and retrying. This recovery only kicks in if pi recognizes the failure as an overflow.
+
+Detection runs on the finalized assistant message:
+
+- `stopReason === "error"`
+- `errorMessage` matches one of pi's known overflow patterns (see [`packages/ai/src/utils/overflow.ts`](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi-mono/blob/main/packages/ai/src/utils/overflow.ts))
+
+If your provider returns overflow errors with a message pi does not recognize, normalize the error from the same extension that registers the provider. Use a `message_end` handler to rewrite the assistant message so its `errorMessage` starts with a phrase pi recognizes. The generic fallback `context_length_exceeded` is the safest choice.
+
+```typescript
+const MY_PROVIDER_OVERFLOW_PATTERN = /your provider's overflow phrase/i;
+
+export default function (pi: ExtensionAPI) {
+  pi.registerProvider("my-provider", { /* ... */ });
+
+  pi.on("message_end", (event, ctx) => {
+    const message = event.message;
+    if (message.role !== "assistant") return;
+    if (message.stopReason !== "error") return;
+    if (
+      message.provider !== "my-provider" &&
+      ctx.model?.provider !== "my-provider"
+    )
+      return;
+
+    const errorMessage = message.errorMessage ?? "";
+    if (errorMessage.includes("context_length_exceeded")) return;
+    if (!MY_PROVIDER_OVERFLOW_PATTERN.test(errorMessage)) return;
+
+    return {
+      message: {
+        ...message,
+        errorMessage: `context_length_exceeded: ${errorMessage}`,
+      },
+    };
+  });
+}
+```
+
+`message_end` runs before pi tracks the assistant message for auto-compaction, so the rewritten `errorMessage` is what pi checks. With this in place, pi will:
+
+1. Detect the overflow from `errorMessage`.
+2. Drop the failed assistant message from live context.
+3. Run compaction.
+4. Retry the request once.
+
+Guard the rewrite carefully:
+
+- Scope it to your provider (`message.provider` and `ctx.model?.provider`) so unrelated errors from other providers are untouched.
+- Match a provider-specific pattern, not pi's generic overflow patterns. Rewriting rate-limit or throttling errors (`rate limit`, `too many requests`) would falsely trigger compaction instead of pi's normal retry-with-backoff path.
+- Skip when `errorMessage` already includes `context_length_exceeded` so the handler is idempotent.
+
+### Registration
+
+Register your stream function:
+
+```typescript
+pi.registerProvider("my-provider", {
+  baseUrl: "https://api.example.com",
+  apiKey: "$MY_API_KEY",
+  api: "my-custom-api",
+  models: [...],
+  streamSimple: streamMyProvider
+});
+```
+
+## Testing Your Implementation
+
+Test your provider against the same test suites used by built-in providers. Copy and adapt these test files from [packages/ai/test/](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi-mono/tree/main/packages/ai/test):
+
+| Test | Purpose |
+|------|---------|
+| `stream.test.ts` | Basic streaming, text output |
+| `tokens.test.ts` | Token counting and usage |
+| `abort.test.ts` | AbortSignal handling |
+| `empty.test.ts` | Empty/minimal responses |
+| `context-overflow.test.ts` | Context window limits |
+| `image-limits.test.ts` | Image input handling |
+| `unicode-surrogate.test.ts` | Unicode edge cases |
+| `tool-call-without-result.test.ts` | Tool call edge cases |
+| `image-tool-result.test.ts` | Images in tool results |
+| `total-tokens.test.ts` | Total token calculation |
+| `cross-provider-handoff.test.ts` | Context handoff between providers |
+
+Run tests with your provider/model pairs to verify compatibility.
+
+## Config Reference
+
+```typescript
+interface ProviderConfig {
+  /** Display name for the provider in UI such as /login. */
+  name?: string;
+
+  /** API endpoint URL. Required when defining models. */
+  baseUrl?: string;
+
+  /** API key literal, env interpolation ($ENV_VAR or ${ENV_VAR}), or !command. Required when defining models (unless oauth). */
+  apiKey?: string;
+
+  /** API type for streaming. Required at provider or model level when defining models. */
+  api?: Api;
+
+  /** Custom streaming implementation for non-standard APIs. */
+  streamSimple?: (
+    model: Model<Api>,
+    context: Context,
+    options?: SimpleStreamOptions
+  ) => AssistantMessageEventStream;
+
+  /** Custom headers to include in requests. Values use the same resolution syntax as apiKey. */
+  headers?: Record<string, string>;
+
+  /** If true, adds Authorization: Bearer header with the resolved API key. */
+  authHeader?: boolean;
+
+  /** Models to register. If provided, replaces all existing models for this provider. */
+  models?: ProviderModelConfig[];
+
+  /** OAuth provider for /login support. */
+  oauth?: {
+    name: string;
+    login(callbacks: OAuthLoginCallbacks): Promise<OAuthCredentials>;
+    refreshToken(credentials: OAuthCredentials): Promise<OAuthCredentials>;
+    getApiKey(credentials: OAuthCredentials): string;
+    modifyModels?(models: Model<Api>[], credentials: OAuthCredentials): Model<Api>[];
+  };
+}
+```
+
+## Model Definition Reference
+
+```typescript
+interface ProviderModelConfig {
+  /** Model ID (e.g., "claude-sonnet-4-20250514"). */
+  id: string;
+
+  /** Display name (e.g., "Claude 4 Sonnet"). */
+  name: string;
+
+  /** API type override for this specific model. */
+  api?: Api;
+
+  /** API endpoint URL override for this specific model. */
+  baseUrl?: string;
+
+  /** Whether the model supports extended thinking. */
+  reasoning: boolean;
+
+  /** Maps pi thinking levels to provider/model-specific values; null marks a level unsupported. */
+  thinkingLevelMap?: Partial<Record<"off" | "minimal" | "low" | "medium" | "high" | "xhigh", string | null>>;
+
+  /** Supported input types. */
+  input: ("text" | "image")[];
+
+  /** Cost per million tokens (for usage tracking). */
+  cost: {
+    input: number;
+    output: number;
+    cacheRead: number;
+    cacheWrite: number;
+  };
+
+  /** Maximum context window size in tokens. */
+  contextWindow: number;
+
+  /** Maximum output tokens. */
+  maxTokens: number;
+
+  /** Custom headers for this specific model. */
+  headers?: Record<string, string>;
+
+  /** Compatibility settings for the selected API. */
+  compat?: {
+    // openai-completions
+    supportsStore?: boolean;
+    supportsDeveloperRole?: boolean;
+    supportsReasoningEffort?: boolean;
+    supportsUsageInStreaming?: boolean;
+    maxTokensField?: "max_completion_tokens" | "max_tokens";
+    requiresToolResultName?: boolean;
+    requiresAssistantAfterToolResult?: boolean;
+    requiresThinkingAsText?: boolean;
+    requiresReasoningContentOnAssistantMessages?: boolean;
+    thinkingFormat?: "openai" | "openrouter" | "deepseek" | "together" | "zai" | "qwen" | "qwen-chat-template";
+    cacheControlFormat?: "anthropic";
+
+    // anthropic-messages
+    supportsEagerToolInputStreaming?: boolean;
+    supportsLongCacheRetention?: boolean;
+    sendSessionAffinityHeaders?: boolean;
+    supportsCacheControlOnTools?: boolean;
+    forceAdaptiveThinking?: boolean;
+    allowEmptySignature?: boolean;
+  };
+}
+```
+
+`openrouter` sends `reasoning: { effort }`. `deepseek` sends `thinking: { type: "enabled" | "disabled" }` and `reasoning_effort` when enabled. `together` sends `reasoning: { enabled }` and also `reasoning_effort` when `supportsReasoningEffort` is enabled. `qwen` is for DashScope-style top-level `enable_thinking`. Use `qwen-chat-template` for local Qwen-compatible servers that read `chat_template_kwargs.enable_thinking`.
+`cacheControlFormat: "anthropic"` applies Anthropic-style `cache_control` markers to the system prompt, last tool definition, and last user/assistant text content.