@onekeyfe/hd-core 1.2.0-alpha.1 → 1.2.0-alpha.100

package/src/api/FirmwareUpdateV4.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
-import { ERRORS, HardwareError, HardwareErrorCode, wait } from '@onekeyfe/hd-shared';
+import { EDeviceType, ERRORS, HardwareError, HardwareErrorCode, wait } from '@onekeyfe/hd-shared';
+import JSZip from 'jszip';
 import {
-  DevRebootType,
+  DeviceRebootType,
   PROTOCOL_V2_BLE_FILE_CHUNK_SIZE,
+  PROTOCOL_V2_BLE_FILE_READ_CHUNK_SIZE,
+  PROTOCOL_V2_BLE_FIRMWARE_FILE_CHUNK_SIZE,
   PROTOCOL_V2_WEBUSB_FILE_CHUNK_SIZE,
 } from '@onekeyfe/hd-transport';
+import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha256';
 
 import { FirmwareUpdateTipMessage, UI_REQUEST } from '../events/ui-request';
 import { validateParams } from './helpers/paramsValidator';
@@ -12,53 +16,365 @@ import {
   getDeviceBLEFirmwareVersion,
   getDeviceBootloaderVersion,
   getDeviceFirmwareVersion,
+  getDeviceType,
   getFirmwareType,
   getLogger,
 } from '../utils';
-import { getBinary, getSysResourceBinary } from './firmware/getBinary';
+import { getSysResourceBinary } from './firmware/getBinary';
+import { normalizeFirmwarePreparationError } from './firmware/FirmwarePreparationError';
 import { DataManager } from '../data-manager';
 import { FirmwareUpdateBaseMethod } from './firmware/FirmwareUpdateBaseMethod';
 import { DevicePool } from '../device/DevicePool';
 import {
   PROTOCOL_V2_VERSIONS_DEVICE_INFO_REQUEST,
   ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType,
-  protocolV2FileNameToTargetId,
 } from '../protocols/protocol-v2';
 import { requestProtocolV2DeviceInfo } from '../protocols/protocol-v2/features';
 import {
-  PROTOCOL_V2_FIRMWARE_UPDATE_RESPONSE_TYPES,
+  parseProtocolV2ResourceManifest,
+  selectProtocolV2ResourceManifestFiles,
+} from '../protocols/protocol-v2/resources';
+import {
   getProtocolV2UnknownErrorText,
   isProtocolV2DeviceDisconnectedError,
 } from './protocol-v2/helpers';
-
-import type { FirmwareUpdateV4Params } from '../types/api/firmwareUpdate';
+import {
+  openFirmwareByteSource,
+  readFirmwareByteSourceFully,
+  writeFirmwareByteSource,
+} from './firmware/FirmwareArtifactSource';
+import {
+  registerFirmwareUpdateHostBinding,
+  resolveFirmwareUpdateHostBinding,
+  unregisterFirmwareUpdateHostBinding,
+} from './firmware/FirmwareHostBinding';
+import {
+  assertFirmwareUpdatePreparedPlanBinding,
+  assertFirmwareUpdatePreparedPlanDeviceIdentity,
+  prepareFirmwareUpdatePlan,
+  validateFirmwareUpdatePreparedPlan,
+} from './firmware/FirmwareUpdatePreparedPlan';
+import { prepareFirmwareUpdateV4MemoryHost } from './firmware/FirmwareMemoryHost';
+import { buildProtocolV2LocalFirmwareUpdatePlan } from './firmware/FirmwareUpdatePlan';
+
+import type {
+  FirmwareArtifactReference,
+  FirmwareUpdateV4Params,
+  FirmwareUpdateV4Target,
+} from '../types/api/firmwareUpdate';
 import type { EFirmwareType } from '@onekeyfe/hd-shared';
-import type { PROTO } from '../constants';
+import type { ProtocolV2DeviceInfo } from '@onekeyfe/hd-transport';
 import type { TypedResponseMessage } from '../device/DeviceCommands';
-import type { Features } from '../types';
+import type {
+  Features,
+  IFirmwareReleaseInfo,
+  IProtocolV2FirmwareComponent,
+  IVersionArray,
+} from '../types';
+import type { FirmwareByteSource } from './firmware/FirmwareArtifactSource';
+import type {
+  FirmwareMemoryArtifact,
+  FirmwareMemoryArtifactEntry,
+  FirmwareUpdateV4MemoryHost,
+} from './firmware/FirmwareMemoryHost';
 
 const Log = getLogger(LoggerNames.Method);
 
+// Restored after a rebase dropped the declaration while keeping its use in
+// fileWriteChunk; without it that error branch throws ReferenceError instead of
+// the intended typed session error.
 const SESSION_ERROR = 'session not found';
-const PROTOCOL_V2_BOOTLOADER_RECONNECT_TIMEOUT = 60 * 1000;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_BOOTLOADER_RECONNECT_TIMEOUT = 90 * 1000;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_FINAL_RECONNECT_TIMEOUT = 3 * 60 * 1000;
 const PROTOCOL_V2_SHORT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT = 5 * 1000;
-const PROTOCOL_V2_INSTALL_TIMEOUT = 5 * 60 * 1000;
-const PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_FINISHED = 0;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_FIRMWARE_STATUS_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT = 15 * 1000;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_START_UPDATE_TIMEOUT = 3 * 60 * 1000;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_INSTALL_TIMEOUT = 8 * 60 * 1000;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_MISSING_TARGET_STATUS_GRACE_TIMEOUT = 30 * 1000;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_PENDING = 0;
 const PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_IN_PROGRESS = 1;
-const PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_FAILED = 2;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_FINISHED = 2;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_FAILED_MIN = 3;
 const PROTOCOL_V2_CONNECT_PROTOCOL = 'V2';
-const PROTOCOL_V2_FIRMWARE_STAGING_VOLUME = 'vol1:';
+const PROTOCOL_V2_FIRMWARE_STAGING_VOLUME = 'vol0:/';
 const PROTOCOL_V2_MIN_FILE_CHUNK_SIZE = 64;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_CONNECT_RETRY_COUNT = 10;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_CONNECT_POLL_INTERVAL = 500;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_CONNECT_SINGLE_TIMEOUT = 75 * 1000;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_DEVICE_INFO_READY_TIMEOUT = 30 * 1000;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_FILE_TRANSFER_RETRY_COUNT = 3;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_INSTALL_STATUS_CONFLICT_CODE = 'FirmwareInstallStatusConflict';
+const PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_HEADER_SIZE = 0x52a0;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_PAYLOAD_HASH_OFFSET = 0x200;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_HEADER_HASH_OFFSET = 0x240;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_HASH_SIZE = 64;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_RESOURCE_MANIFEST_MAX_BYTES = 1024 * 1024;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_RESOURCE_FILE_MAX_COUNT = 512;
+const PROTOCOL_V2_RESOURCE_TOTAL_MAX_BYTES = 256 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+const PROTOCOL_V2_NEO_UNSUPPORTED_TARGETS = new Set<FirmwareUpdateV4Target>(['se03', 'se04']);
+
+const getProtocolV2ZipEntrySizes = (entry: JSZip.JSZipObject) => {
+  // loadAsync records central-directory sizes on JSZip's documented private data object.
+  // Validate those bounds before calling async(), which allocates the decompressed entry.
+  const { compressedSize, uncompressedSize } = (entry as JSZipSizedEntry)._data ?? {};
+  if (
+    !Number.isSafeInteger(compressedSize) ||
+    Number(compressedSize) < 0 ||
+    !Number.isSafeInteger(uncompressedSize) ||
+    Number(uncompressedSize) <= 0
+  ) {
+    throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+      HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+      `Protocol V2 local resource ZIP entry size is invalid: ${entry.name}`,
+      { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+    );
+  }
+  return {
+    compressedSize: Number(compressedSize),
+    uncompressedSize: Number(uncompressedSize),
+  };
+};
+
+export function assertProtocolV2FirmwareTargetsSupported(
+  deviceType: EDeviceType | string | undefined,
+  params: FirmwareUpdateV4Params,
+  hasExplicitTargetSelection = false
+) {
+  const requestedTargets = new Set(params.targetsToUpdate ?? []);
+  const unsupportedTargets = new Set(
+    Array.from(requestedTargets).filter(target => PROTOCOL_V2_NEO_UNSUPPORTED_TARGETS.has(target))
+  );
+  if (params.se03Binary && (!hasExplicitTargetSelection || requestedTargets.has('se03'))) {
+    unsupportedTargets.add('se03');
+  }
+  if (params.se04Binary && (!hasExplicitTargetSelection || requestedTargets.has('se04'))) {
+    unsupportedTargets.add('se04');
+  }
+  if (
+    params.componentArtifacts?.se03 &&
+    (!hasExplicitTargetSelection || requestedTargets.has('se03'))
+  ) {
+    unsupportedTargets.add('se03');
+  }
+  if (
+    params.componentArtifacts?.se04 &&
+    (!hasExplicitTargetSelection || requestedTargets.has('se04'))
+  ) {
+    unsupportedTargets.add('se04');
+  }
+
+  if (!unsupportedTargets.size || deviceType === EDeviceType.Pro2) return;
+
+  const targetList = Array.from(unsupportedTargets).join(', ');
+  const message =
+    deviceType === EDeviceType.Neo
+      ? `Neo only supports SE01 and SE02; unsupported firmware targets: ${targetList}`
+      : `Cannot safely update ${targetList} without a confirmed Pro2 device type`;
+  throw ERRORS.TypedError(HardwareErrorCode.DeviceNotSupportMethod, message);
+}
+
+const getProtocolV2DeviceTransferProgress = (
+  bytesBeforeChunk: number,
+  bytesAfterChunk: number,
+  totalBytes: number
+) => {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(totalBytes) || totalBytes <= 0) {
+    return 100;
+  }
+  if (bytesBeforeChunk <= 0 && bytesAfterChunk < totalBytes) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (bytesAfterChunk >= totalBytes) {
+    return 100;
+  }
+  return Math.min(Math.max(Math.ceil((bytesAfterChunk / totalBytes) * 100), 1), 99);
+};
 
 type ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStatusTarget = {
-  target_id: number;
-  status: number;
+  target_id: number | string;
+  status?: number | string;
+  payload_version?: number;
+  path?: string;
+};
+
+type ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStartResponse = TypedResponseMessage<'Success'>;
+
+type ProtocolV2TargetBinary = { fileName: string; binary: ArrayBuffer; targetId: number };
+type ProtocolV2InstallItem = ProtocolV2TargetBinary & {
+  kind: ProtocolV2RemoteComponentTarget['kind'];
+};
+
+type ProtocolV2RemoteComponentBinary = ProtocolV2RemoteComponentTarget & {
+  binary: ArrayBuffer;
 };
 
-type ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStartResponse =
-  | TypedResponseMessage<'Success'>
-  | TypedResponseMessage<'DevFirmwareUpdateStatus'>
-  | undefined;
+type ProtocolV2RemoteComponentTarget = {
+  fileName: string;
+  targetId: number;
+  kind: 'bootloader' | 'firmware';
+};
+
+type ProtocolV2InstallSource = {
+  fileName: string;
+  source: FirmwareByteSource;
+  targetId: number;
+  kind: ProtocolV2RemoteComponentTarget['kind'];
+};
+
+type ProtocolV2ResourceBundleSource = {
+  name: string;
+  source: FirmwareByteSource;
+  devicePath: string;
+  version?: IVersionArray;
+  payloadHash?: string;
+  headerHash?: string;
+};
+
+type ProtocolV2LocalResourceArchive = {
+  binary: ArrayBuffer;
+  materializedEntries: FirmwareMemoryArtifactEntry[];
+};
+
+type JSZipSizedEntry = JSZip.JSZipObject & {
+  _data?: {
+    compressedSize?: unknown;
+    uncompressedSize?: unknown;
+  };
+};
+
+type ProtocolV2ExecutionPhaseKind =
+  | 'resource-sync'
+  | 'bootloader-install'
+  | 'bootloader-verify'
+  | 'component-install'
+  | 'final-verify';
+
+type ProtocolV2ExecutionPhase = {
+  kind: ProtocolV2ExecutionPhaseKind;
+  installSources: ProtocolV2InstallSource[];
+  resourceSources: ProtocolV2ResourceBundleSource[];
+};
+
+type ProtocolV2OkppHeader = {
+  type: string;
+  version: IVersionArray;
+  payloadHash: string;
+  headerHash: string;
+};
+
+const PROTOCOL_V2_REMOTE_COMPONENT_TARGETS: Readonly<
+  Record<string, ProtocolV2RemoteComponentTarget>
+> = {
+  BOOTLOADER: {
+    fileName: 'bootloader.bin',
+    targetId: ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_BOOTLOADER,
+    kind: 'bootloader',
+  },
+  APPLICATION_P1: {
+    fileName: 'application_p1.bin',
+    targetId: ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_APPLICATION_P1,
+    kind: 'firmware',
+  },
+  APPLICATION_P2: {
+    fileName: 'application_p2.bin',
+    targetId: ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_APPLICATION_P2,
+    kind: 'firmware',
+  },
+  COPROCESSOR: {
+    fileName: 'coprocessor.bin',
+    targetId: ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_COPROCESSOR,
+    kind: 'firmware',
+  },
+  SE01: {
+    fileName: 'se01.bin',
+    targetId: ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_SE01,
+    kind: 'firmware',
+  },
+  SE02: {
+    fileName: 'se02.bin',
+    targetId: ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_SE02,
+    kind: 'firmware',
+  },
+  SE03: {
+    fileName: 'se03.bin',
+    targetId: ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_SE03,
+    kind: 'firmware',
+  },
+  SE04: {
+    fileName: 'se04.bin',
+    targetId: ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_SE04,
+    kind: 'firmware',
+  },
+};
+
+const PROTOCOL_V2_FIRMWARE_STAGING_PATHS = new Set(
+  Object.values(PROTOCOL_V2_REMOTE_COMPONENT_TARGETS).map(
+    target => `${PROTOCOL_V2_FIRMWARE_STAGING_VOLUME}${target.fileName}`
+  )
+);
+
+const PROTOCOL_V2_BOOT_RESOURCE_PACKAGE_PATH = 'vol0:/loaders/bootloader/boot_resource.okpkg';
+const PROTOCOL_V2_BOOT_RESOURCE_PACKAGE_STAGING_PATH = `${PROTOCOL_V2_BOOT_RESOURCE_PACKAGE_PATH}.staging`;
+
+const isProtocolV2BootResourcePackagePath = (devicePath: string) =>
+  typeof devicePath === 'string' &&
+  devicePath.replace(/^vol0:(?!\/)/i, 'vol0:/').toLowerCase() ===
+    PROTOCOL_V2_BOOT_RESOURCE_PACKAGE_PATH;
+
+const resolveProtocolV2ResourceWritePath = (devicePath: string) =>
+  isProtocolV2BootResourcePackagePath(devicePath)
+    ? PROTOCOL_V2_BOOT_RESOURCE_PACKAGE_STAGING_PATH
+    : devicePath;
+
+const PROTOCOL_V2_UPDATE_TARGET_BY_TARGET_ID = new Map<
+  number,
+  Exclude<FirmwareUpdateV4Target, 'boot_resources'>
+>([
+  [ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_BOOTLOADER, 'boot'],
+  [ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_APPLICATION_P1, 'app_v1'],
+  [ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_APPLICATION_P2, 'app_v2'],
+  [ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_COPROCESSOR, 'coprocessor'],
+  [ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_SE01, 'se01'],
+  [ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_SE02, 'se02'],
+  [ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_SE03, 'se03'],
+  [ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_SE04, 'se04'],
+]);
+
+const PROTOCOL_V2_INSTALL_TARGET_BY_UPDATE_TARGET = new Map<
+  Exclude<FirmwareUpdateV4Target, 'resource'>,
+  ProtocolV2RemoteComponentTarget
+>(
+  Object.values(PROTOCOL_V2_REMOTE_COMPONENT_TARGETS).map(target => [
+    PROTOCOL_V2_UPDATE_TARGET_BY_TARGET_ID.get(target.targetId) as Exclude<
+      FirmwareUpdateV4Target,
+      'resource'
+    >,
+    target,
+  ])
+);
+
+const PROTOCOL_V2_ROMLOADER_UNSUPPORTED_MESSAGE =
+  'FW_MGMT_TARGET_ROMLOADER is not accepted by the current Pro2 bootloader update request. Flash romloader with the loader-specific flow instead of firmwareUpdateV4.';
+
+// hd-transport historically decodes scalar enums as enum-name strings.
+// Map them back to firmware protocol values before internal comparisons.
+const PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_ID_BY_DECODED_NAME = new Map<string, number>(
+  Object.entries(ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType).map(([key, value]) => [key, value])
+);
+const PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_BY_DECODED_NAME = new Map<string, number>([
+  ['FW_MGMT_UPDATER_TASK_STATUS_PENDING', PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_PENDING],
+  ['FW_MGMT_UPDATER_TASK_STATUS_IN_PROGRESS', PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_IN_PROGRESS],
+  ['FW_MGMT_UPDATER_TASK_STATUS_FINISHED', PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_FINISHED],
+  ['FW_MGMT_UPDATER_TASK_STATUS_FAILED_FILE_NOT_FOUND', 3],
+  ['FW_MGMT_UPDATER_TASK_STATUS_FAILED_FILE_READ', 4],
+  ['FW_MGMT_UPDATER_TASK_STATUS_FAILED_FILE_WRITE', 5],
+  ['FW_MGMT_UPDATER_TASK_STATUS_FAILED_VERIFY', 6],
+  ['FW_MGMT_UPDATER_TASK_STATUS_FAILED_INSTALL', 7],
+  ['FW_MGMT_UPDATER_TASK_STATUS_FAILED_ABORT', 8],
+  ['FW_MGMT_UPDATER_TASK_STATUS_FAILED_BUSY', 9],
+  ['FW_MGMT_UPDATER_TASK_STATUS_FAILED_ENTRY_OUT_OF_BOUNDS', 10],
+]);
 
 const isProtocolV2ReconnectProbeError = (error: unknown) => {
   const message = getProtocolV2UnknownErrorText(error).toLowerCase();
@@ -68,14 +384,183 @@ const isProtocolV2ReconnectProbeError = (error: unknown) => {
   );
 };
 
-const isProtocolV2PollingTransientError = (error: unknown) => {
+const isProtocolV2FirmwareStatusEndpointUnavailable = (error: unknown) => {
   const message = getProtocolV2UnknownErrorText(error).toLowerCase();
   return (
-    isProtocolV2DeviceDisconnectedError(error) ||
-    isProtocolV2ReconnectProbeError(error) ||
-    (message.includes('response timeout') && message.includes('devicegetfirmwareupdatestatus')) ||
-    message.includes('device not found') ||
-    message.includes('transportnotfound')
+    message.includes('handler not registered') ||
+    message.includes('message handler not found') ||
+    message.includes('unsupported message')
+  );
+};
+
+const isProtocolV2TerminalInstallStatusError = (error: unknown) =>
+  error instanceof HardwareError &&
+  (error.errorCode === HardwareErrorCode.FirmwareError ||
+    error.errorCode === HardwareErrorCode.FirmwareVerificationFailed ||
+    error.params?.firmwareUpdateCode === PROTOCOL_V2_INSTALL_STATUS_CONFLICT_CODE);
+
+const isProtocolV2TargetStatusFinished = (status: ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStatusTarget['status']) =>
+  normalizeProtocolV2TargetStatus(status) === PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_FINISHED;
+
+const isProtocolV2TargetStatusInProgress = (
+  status: ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStatusTarget['status']
+) =>
+  normalizeProtocolV2TargetStatus(status) === PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_PENDING ||
+  normalizeProtocolV2TargetStatus(status) === PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_IN_PROGRESS;
+
+const isProtocolV2TargetStatusFailed = (status: ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStatusTarget['status']) => {
+  const normalizedStatus = normalizeProtocolV2TargetStatus(status);
+  return (
+    typeof normalizedStatus === 'number' && normalizedStatus >= PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_FAILED_MIN
+  );
+};
+
+const normalizeProtocolV2TargetId = (targetId: number | string) => {
+  if (typeof targetId === 'number') {
+    return targetId;
+  }
+  return PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_ID_BY_DECODED_NAME.get(targetId);
+};
+
+const normalizeProtocolV2TargetStatus = (
+  status: ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStatusTarget['status']
+) => {
+  if (typeof status === 'number') {
+    return status;
+  }
+  if (typeof status === 'string') {
+    return PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_BY_DECODED_NAME.get(status);
+  }
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+const normalizeProtocolV2Hex = (value?: string) => value?.replace(/^0x/i, '').toLowerCase();
+
+const versionArrayToNumber = (version?: IVersionArray) => {
+  if (!version) return undefined;
+  return version[0] * 0x10000 + version[1] * 0x100 + version[2];
+};
+
+const compareProtocolV2Versions = (current?: IVersionArray, target?: IVersionArray) => {
+  const currentNumber = versionArrayToNumber(current);
+  const targetNumber = versionArrayToNumber(target);
+  if (currentNumber === undefined || targetNumber === undefined) return undefined;
+  return currentNumber - targetNumber;
+};
+
+const bytesToHex = (bytes: Uint8Array) =>
+  Array.from(bytes)
+    .map(byte => byte.toString(16).padStart(2, '0'))
+    .join('');
+
+const hexToProtocolV2Bytes = (hex: string) => {
+  const normalized = hex.replace(/^0x/i, '');
+  if (!normalized || normalized.length % 2 !== 0 || /[^0-9a-f]/i.test(normalized)) {
+    return new Uint8Array(0);
+  }
+  const bytes = new Uint8Array(normalized.length / 2);
+  for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+    bytes[i] = Number.parseInt(normalized.slice(i * 2, i * 2 + 2), 16);
+  }
+  return bytes;
+};
+
+const toProtocolV2Bytes = (value: unknown): Uint8Array => {
+  if (value instanceof Uint8Array) return value;
+  if (value instanceof ArrayBuffer) return new Uint8Array(value);
+  if (ArrayBuffer.isView(value)) {
+    return new Uint8Array(value.buffer, value.byteOffset, value.byteLength);
+  }
+  if (typeof value === 'string') return hexToProtocolV2Bytes(value);
+  return new Uint8Array(0);
+};
+
+const toProtocolV2FiniteNumber = (value: unknown) => {
+  if (typeof value === 'number' && Number.isFinite(value)) return value;
+  if (typeof value === 'string') {
+    const numeric = Number(value);
+    return Number.isFinite(numeric) ? numeric : undefined;
+  }
+  if (value && typeof value === 'object') {
+    const longLike = value as { toNumber?: () => number };
+    if (typeof longLike.toNumber === 'function') {
+      const numeric = longLike.toNumber();
+      return Number.isFinite(numeric) ? numeric : undefined;
+    }
+  }
+  return undefined;
+};
+
+const readProtocolV2Ascii = (bytes: Uint8Array, offset: number, length: number) =>
+  Array.from(bytes.slice(offset, offset + length))
+    .map(byte => String.fromCharCode(byte))
+    .join('');
+
+const parseProtocolV2OkppHeader = (bytes: Uint8Array): ProtocolV2OkppHeader | null => {
+  if (bytes.byteLength < PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_HEADER_SIZE) return null;
+  if (readProtocolV2Ascii(bytes, 0, 4) !== 'OKPP') return null;
+
+  const view = new DataView(bytes.buffer, bytes.byteOffset, bytes.byteLength);
+  const headerLen = view.getUint32(0x0c, true);
+  if (headerLen !== PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_HEADER_SIZE) return null;
+
+  const packedVersion = view.getUint32(0x10, true);
+  return {
+    type: readProtocolV2Ascii(bytes, 0x08, 4),
+    version: [
+      Math.floor(packedVersion / 0x10000) % 0x100,
+      Math.floor(packedVersion / 0x100) % 0x100,
+      packedVersion % 0x100,
+    ],
+    payloadHash: bytesToHex(
+      bytes.slice(
+        PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_PAYLOAD_HASH_OFFSET,
+        PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_PAYLOAD_HASH_OFFSET + PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_HASH_SIZE
+      )
+    ),
+    headerHash: bytesToHex(
+      bytes.slice(
+        PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_HEADER_HASH_OFFSET,
+        PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_HEADER_HASH_OFFSET + PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_HASH_SIZE
+      )
+    ),
+  };
+};
+
+export const isProtocolV2FirmwareFingerprintValid = (
+  binary: ArrayBuffer | Uint8Array,
+  fingerprint: string | undefined
+) => {
+  const expectedFingerprint = normalizeProtocolV2Hex(fingerprint);
+  if (!expectedFingerprint) return true;
+  return bytesToHex(sha256(toProtocolV2Bytes(binary))) === expectedFingerprint;
+};
+
+export const assertProtocolV2ReconnectIdentity = (
+  expectedSerialNumber?: string,
+  actualSerialNumber?: string,
+  expectedPath?: string,
+  actualPath?: string
+) => {
+  if (expectedSerialNumber && actualSerialNumber) {
+    if (actualSerialNumber !== expectedSerialNumber) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.DeviceNotFound,
+        `Protocol V2 reconnect physical identity mismatch: expected ${expectedSerialNumber}, received ${actualSerialNumber}`
+      );
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (expectedPath && actualPath && expectedPath === actualPath) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+    HardwareErrorCode.DeviceNotFound,
+    `Protocol V2 reconnect physical identity unavailable: expected path ${
+      expectedPath ?? 'unknown'
+    }, received ${actualPath ?? 'unknown'}`
   );
 };
 
@@ -84,27 +569,77 @@ const isProtocolV2PollingTransientError = (error: unknown) => {
  *
  * It intentionally does not fall back to FirmwareUpdateV3/V1 behavior:
  * - upload uses FilesystemFileWrite
- * - install uses DevFirmwareUpdate
- * - completion reboots to normal, then polls Ping
+ * - install uses DeviceFirmwareUpdateRequest
+ * - completion waits for target status to finish, reboots to normal, then polls DeviceInfo
  */
 export default class FirmwareUpdateV4 extends FirmwareUpdateBaseMethod<FirmwareUpdateV4Params> {
+  private protocolV2ExpectedSerialNumber?: string;
+
+  private protocolV2ExpectedPath?: string;
+
+  private protocolV2HasExplicitTargetSelection = false;
+
+  getSupportedProtocols() {
+    return ['V2'] as const;
+  }
+
+  private protocolV2PreparedSources: FirmwareByteSource[] = [];
+
+  private protocolV2ExecutionInLoader = false;
+
+  private protocolV2BootResourceStagingSafe = false;
+
+  private protocolV2CompletedTargetVersions = new Map<number, number>();
+
+  private protocolV2LatestFinalFeatures?: Features;
+
+  private protocolV2FinalStatusVerified = false;
+
   init() {
     this.allowDeviceMode = [UI_REQUEST.BOOTLOADER, UI_REQUEST.NOT_INITIALIZE];
     this.requireDeviceMode = [];
+    this.unlockPolicy = 'unlock-before-run';
     this.useDevicePassphraseState = false;
     this.skipForceUpdateCheck = true;
 
     const { payload } = this;
 
+    const removedResourceInputs = ['resourceFiles', 'resourceBundleArtifacts'].filter(input =>
+      Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(payload, input)
+    );
+    if (removedResourceInputs.length > 0) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.CallMethodInvalidParameter,
+        `Protocol V2 ${removedResourceInputs.join(
+          ' and '
+        )} inputs are no longer supported; use resourceArchiveBinary for local updates or preparedPlan with hostBindingGeneration for remote updates`
+      );
+    }
+    if (payload.hostBindingGeneration !== undefined && !payload.preparedPlan) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.CallMethodInvalidParameter,
+        'Protocol V2 hostBindingGeneration requires preparedPlan for remote updates; use direct binaries or resourceArchiveBinary for local updates'
+      );
+    }
+
+    this.protocolV2HasExplicitTargetSelection = payload.targetsToUpdate !== undefined;
+
+    if (typeof payload.retryCount !== 'number') {
+      payload.retryCount = PROTOCOL_V2_CONNECT_RETRY_COUNT;
+    }
+    if (typeof payload.pollIntervalTime !== 'number') {
+      payload.pollIntervalTime = PROTOCOL_V2_CONNECT_POLL_INTERVAL;
+    }
+    if (typeof payload.timeout !== 'number') {
+      payload.timeout = PROTOCOL_V2_CONNECT_SINGLE_TIMEOUT;
+    }
+    if (typeof payload.protocolV2DeviceInfoTimeoutMs !== 'number') {
+      payload.protocolV2DeviceInfoTimeoutMs = PROTOCOL_V2_DEVICE_INFO_READY_TIMEOUT;
+    }
+
     validateParams(payload, [
-      { name: 'bleVersion', type: 'array' },
-      { name: 'bleBinary', type: 'buffer' },
       { name: 'chunkSize', type: 'number' },
-      { name: 'firmwareVersion', type: 'array' },
-      { name: 'firmwareBinary', type: 'buffer' },
-      { name: 'resourceBinary', type: 'buffer' },
       { name: 'forcedUpdateRes', type: 'boolean' },
-      { name: 'bootloaderVersion', type: 'array' },
       { name: 'bootloaderBinary', type: 'buffer' },
       { name: 'romloaderBinary', type: 'buffer' },
       { name: 'applicationP1Binary', type: 'buffer' },
@@ -114,17 +649,114 @@ export default class FirmwareUpdateV4 extends FirmwareUpdateBaseMethod<FirmwareU
       { name: 'se02Binary', type: 'buffer' },
       { name: 'se03Binary', type: 'buffer' },
       { name: 'se04Binary', type: 'buffer' },
+      { name: 'resourceArchiveBinary', type: 'buffer' },
       { name: 'firmwareType', type: 'string' },
+      { name: 'targetsToUpdate', type: 'array', allowEmpty: true },
       { name: 'platform', type: 'string' },
+      { name: 'expectedDeviceId', type: 'string' },
     ]);
+    if (
+      payload.expectedDeviceId !== undefined &&
+      (payload.expectedDeviceId.length === 0 || payload.expectedDeviceId.length > 160)
+    ) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.CallMethodInvalidParameter,
+        'Protocol V2 expected device identity is invalid'
+      );
+    }
+    const preparedPlan = payload.preparedPlan
+      ? validateFirmwareUpdatePreparedPlan(payload.preparedPlan)
+      : undefined;
+    const hasLocalArtifacts = [
+      payload.bootloaderBinary,
+      payload.romloaderBinary,
+      payload.applicationP1Binary,
+      payload.applicationP2Binary,
+      payload.coprocessorBinary,
+      payload.se01Binary,
+      payload.se02Binary,
+      payload.se03Binary,
+      payload.se04Binary,
+      payload.resourceArchiveBinary,
+    ].some(Boolean);
+    if (preparedPlan && hasLocalArtifacts) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.CallMethodInvalidParameter,
+        'Prepared firmware plans cannot be combined with legacy or local firmware inputs'
+      );
+    }
+    let { artifactReader } = payload;
+    if (preparedPlan) {
+      artifactReader = resolveFirmwareUpdateHostBinding(
+        payload.hostBindingGeneration,
+        preparedPlan.preparedPlanDigest
+      ).artifactReader;
+    }
+    if (preparedPlan) {
+      assertFirmwareUpdatePreparedPlanBinding({
+        preparedPlan,
+        executor: 'v4',
+        platform: payload.platform,
+        scopeTargets: [],
+        bindings: [],
+      });
+      if (payload.componentArtifacts) {
+        const componentBindings: Array<{
+          target: Exclude<FirmwareUpdateV4Target, 'resource'>;
+          artifact: FirmwareArtifactReference;
+        }> = Object.entries(payload.componentArtifacts).flatMap(([target, artifact]) =>
+          artifact
+            ? [
+                {
+                  target: target as Exclude<FirmwareUpdateV4Target, 'resource'>,
+                  artifact: artifact as FirmwareArtifactReference,
+                },
+              ]
+            : []
+        );
+        assertFirmwareUpdatePreparedPlanBinding({
+          preparedPlan,
+          executor: 'v4',
+          platform: payload.platform,
+          scopeTargets: componentBindings.map(binding => binding.target),
+          bindings: componentBindings,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    const preparedExpectedTargetVersions = preparedPlan?.artifacts.reduce<
+      NonNullable<FirmwareUpdateV4Params['expectedTargetVersions']>
+    >((result, artifact) => {
+      if (
+        artifact.role === 'component' &&
+        artifact.target !== 'resource' &&
+        artifact.targetVersion &&
+        PROTOCOL_V2_INSTALL_TARGET_BY_UPDATE_TARGET.has(
+          artifact.target as Exclude<FirmwareUpdateV4Target, 'resource'>
+        )
+      ) {
+        result[artifact.target as FirmwareUpdateV4Target] = artifact.targetVersion;
+      }
+      return result;
+    }, {});
+    const localTargetsToUpdate = payload.targetsToUpdate?.map((target: FirmwareUpdateV4Target) =>
+      target === 'boot_resources' ? 'resource' : target
+    );
+    if (
+      payload.resourceArchiveBinary &&
+      localTargetsToUpdate &&
+      !localTargetsToUpdate.includes('resource')
+    ) {
+      localTargetsToUpdate.push('resource');
+    }
+    // 本地 ZIP 本身就是明确的资源升级请求，不要求调用方重复声明 target。
+    const resolvedLocalTargetsToUpdate =
+      localTargetsToUpdate ?? (payload.resourceArchiveBinary ? ['resource'] : undefined);
 
     this.params = {
-      bleBinary: payload.bleBinary,
+      preparedPlan,
       chunkSize: payload.chunkSize,
-      firmwareBinary: payload.firmwareBinary,
       forcedUpdateRes: payload.forcedUpdateRes,
-      bleVersion: payload.bleVersion,
-      bootloaderVersion: payload.bootloaderVersion,
       bootloaderBinary: payload.bootloaderBinary,
       romloaderBinary: payload.romloaderBinary,
       applicationP1Binary: payload.applicationP1Binary,
@@ -134,20 +766,36 @@ export default class FirmwareUpdateV4 extends FirmwareUpdateBaseMethod<FirmwareU
       se02Binary: payload.se02Binary,
       se03Binary: payload.se03Binary,
       se04Binary: payload.se04Binary,
-      firmwareVersion: payload.firmwareVersion,
-      resourceBinary: payload.resourceBinary,
-      firmwareType: payload.firmwareType,
+      resourceArchiveBinary: payload.resourceArchiveBinary,
+      firmwareType: preparedPlan?.firmwareType ?? payload.firmwareType,
+      targetsToUpdate: preparedPlan
+        ? ([...preparedPlan.targetsToUpdate] as FirmwareUpdateV4Target[])
+        : resolvedLocalTargetsToUpdate,
+      expectedTargetVersions: preparedPlan
+        ? preparedExpectedTargetVersions
+        : payload.expectedTargetVersions,
       platform: payload.platform,
+      expectedDeviceId: payload.expectedDeviceId,
+      artifactReader,
+      componentArtifacts: preparedPlan ? undefined : payload.componentArtifacts,
     };
   }
 
-  private getProtocolV2FirmwareChunkSize() {
+  private getProtocolV2FirmwareChunkSize(direction: 'read' | 'write', filePath?: string) {
     const payloadChunkSize = Number(this.params?.chunkSize);
     const env = DataManager.getSettings('env');
-    const maxChunkSize =
-      this.params?.platform === 'native' || (env && DataManager.isBleConnect(env))
-        ? PROTOCOL_V2_BLE_FILE_CHUNK_SIZE
-        : PROTOCOL_V2_WEBUSB_FILE_CHUNK_SIZE;
+    const isBle = this.params?.platform === 'native' || (env && DataManager.isBleConnect(env));
+    let maxChunkSize = PROTOCOL_V2_WEBUSB_FILE_CHUNK_SIZE;
+    if (isBle) {
+      if (direction === 'read') {
+        maxChunkSize = PROTOCOL_V2_BLE_FILE_READ_CHUNK_SIZE;
+      } else {
+        // Firmware staging writes tolerate a larger BLE chunk than generic filesystem writes.
+        maxChunkSize = PROTOCOL_V2_FIRMWARE_STAGING_PATHS.has(filePath ?? '')
+          ? PROTOCOL_V2_BLE_FIRMWARE_FILE_CHUNK_SIZE
+          : PROTOCOL_V2_BLE_FILE_CHUNK_SIZE;
+      }
+    }
     if (!Number.isFinite(payloadChunkSize) || payloadChunkSize <= 0) {
       return maxChunkSize;
     }
@@ -158,425 +806,2027 @@ export default class FirmwareUpdateV4 extends FirmwareUpdateBaseMethod<FirmwareU
   }
 
   async run() {
-    if (!this.device.isProtocolV2()) {
-      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
-        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
-        'firmwareUpdateV4 requires a Protocol V2 device'
-      );
-    }
-
     Log.debug('FirmwareUpdateV4 strategy: Protocol V2');
     return this.runProtocolV2();
   }
 
   private async runProtocolV2() {
+    await this.captureProtocolV2PhysicalIdentity();
     const deviceFeatures = await this.getProtocolV2DeviceFeatures();
+    const currentDeviceType = this.device.getCurrentDeviceType();
+    const capabilityDeviceType =
+      currentDeviceType === EDeviceType.Pro2 || currentDeviceType === EDeviceType.Neo
+        ? currentDeviceType
+        : getDeviceType(deviceFeatures);
+    assertProtocolV2FirmwareTargetsSupported(
+      capabilityDeviceType,
+      this.params,
+      this.protocolV2HasExplicitTargetSelection
+    );
     const deviceFirmwareType = getFirmwareType(deviceFeatures);
     const firmwareType = this.params.firmwareType ?? deviceFirmwareType;
+    this.validateExpectedTargetVersions();
+
+    if (
+      !this.params.preparedPlan &&
+      this.params.resourceArchiveBinary &&
+      this.params.targetsToUpdate?.includes('resource')
+    ) {
+      const localMemoryHost = await this.prepareProtocolV2LocalMemoryHost({
+        features: deviceFeatures,
+        firmwareType,
+      });
+      try {
+        return await this.runProtocolV2PreparedArtifacts(deviceFeatures, firmwareType);
+      } finally {
+        localMemoryHost.release();
+      }
+    }
+
+    const hasPreparedComponentArtifacts = Object.values(this.params.componentArtifacts ?? {}).some(
+      Boolean
+    );
+    if (this.params.preparedPlan || hasPreparedComponentArtifacts) {
+      return this.runProtocolV2PreparedArtifacts(deviceFeatures, firmwareType);
+    }
+    const wantsResources = !!this.params.targetsToUpdate?.includes('resource');
 
-    let resourceBinary: ArrayBuffer | null = null;
-    let fwBinaryMap: { fileName: string; binary: ArrayBuffer; targetId?: number }[] = [];
+    let fwBinaryMap: ProtocolV2TargetBinary[] = [];
     let bootloaderBinary: ArrayBuffer | null = null;
+    let installItems: ProtocolV2InstallItem[] | undefined;
     try {
       this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.StartDownloadFirmware);
-      resourceBinary = await this.prepareResourceBinary(firmwareType, deviceFeatures);
-      fwBinaryMap = await this.prepareFirmwareAndBleBinary(firmwareType, deviceFeatures);
-      bootloaderBinary = await this.prepareBootloaderBinary(firmwareType, deviceFeatures);
-      // 按 DevFirmwareTargetType 拆分的目标二进制（显式 target_id，不走文件名推断）
-      fwBinaryMap.push(...this.collectExplicitTargetBinaries());
+      fwBinaryMap = this.collectExplicitTargetBinaries();
+      bootloaderBinary = this.prepareBootloaderBinary();
+      const explicitInstallItems = this.buildProtocolV2InstallItems({
+        bootloaderBinary,
+        fwBinaryMap,
+      });
+      const missingFirmwareTargets = this.getMissingProtocolV2FirmwareTargets(explicitInstallItems);
+      const needsRemoteFirmware = this.params.targetsToUpdate?.length
+        ? missingFirmwareTargets.length > 0
+        : explicitInstallItems.length === 0;
+      if (wantsResources) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+          'Protocol V2 resource archive must be provided through a local or external PreparedPlan',
+          {
+            firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared',
+          }
+        );
+      }
+      if (
+        needsRemoteFirmware &&
+        (this.params.artifactReader ||
+          DataManager.getSettings('firmwareManifestMode') === 'external-only')
+      ) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+          'Protocol V2 firmware artifacts must be prepared by the external firmware host',
+          {
+            firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared',
+          }
+        );
+      }
+      if (needsRemoteFirmware) {
+        // Remote updates must use a freshly fetched config before any reboot or file write.
+        await DataManager.forceReloadData();
+      }
+      if (needsRemoteFirmware) {
+        const remoteBinaries = await this.prepareRemoteProtocolV2Binaries(
+          firmwareType,
+          deviceFeatures,
+          explicitInstallItems
+        );
+        bootloaderBinary = remoteBinaries.bootloaderBinary;
+        fwBinaryMap = remoteBinaries.fwBinaryMap;
+        installItems = remoteBinaries.installItems;
+      } else {
+        const selectedInstallItems = this.filterProtocolV2LocalInstallItems(explicitInstallItems);
+        bootloaderBinary =
+          selectedInstallItems.find(item => item.kind === 'bootloader')?.binary ?? null;
+        fwBinaryMap = selectedInstallItems
+          .filter(item => item.kind === 'firmware')
+          .map(item => ({
+            fileName: item.fileName,
+            binary: item.binary,
+            targetId: item.targetId,
+          }));
+      }
       this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.FinishDownloadFirmware);
     } catch (err) {
-      throw ERRORS.TypedError(HardwareErrorCode.FirmwareUpdateDownloadFailed, err.message ?? err);
+      if (
+        typeof err === 'object' &&
+        err !== null &&
+        'params' in err &&
+        (err as HardwareError).params?.firmwareUpdateCode === 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared'
+      ) {
+        throw err;
+      }
+      if (err instanceof HardwareError && err.errorCode === HardwareErrorCode.NetworkError) {
+        throw err;
+      }
+      throw normalizeFirmwarePreparationError(err);
     }
 
-    if (!resourceBinary && !bootloaderBinary && fwBinaryMap.length === 0) {
+    if (!bootloaderBinary && fwBinaryMap.length === 0 && !installItems?.length) {
       throw ERRORS.TypedError(
         HardwareErrorCode.FirmwareUpdateDownloadFailed,
         'No firmware to update'
       );
     }
 
-    // TODO: 当前 firmware-pro2 子模块的 reboot/bootloader 流程还未稳定，先暂停自动进 bootloader。
-    // await this.enterProtocolV2BootloaderMode();
-
-    await this.executeProtocolV2Update({
-      resourceBinary,
+    return this.executeProtocolV2Update({
       fwBinaryMap,
       bootloaderBinary,
+      ...(installItems ? { installItems } : undefined),
     });
-
-    await this.exitProtocolV2BootloaderToNormal();
-
-    const versions = await this.waitForProtocolV2FinalFeatures();
-    this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.FirmwareUpdateCompleted);
-    DevicePool.resetState();
-
-    return versions;
   }
 
-  private async getProtocolV2DeviceFeatures(): Promise<Features> {
-    if (typeof this.device.getFeatures === 'function') {
-      const features = await this.device.getFeatures();
-      if (features) return features;
-    }
-    if (this.device.features) {
-      return this.device.features;
+  private async openProtocolV2PreparedSource(artifact: FirmwareArtifactReference) {
+    const source = await openFirmwareByteSource({
+      artifact,
+      reader: this.params.artifactReader,
+    });
+    if (!source) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        `Firmware artifact ${artifact.artifactRef} is not prepared`,
+        {
+          firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared',
+        }
+      );
     }
-    throw ERRORS.TypedError(HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError, 'Device features not available');
+    this.protocolV2PreparedSources.push(source);
+    return source;
   }
 
-  private async prepareResourceBinary(firmwareType: EFirmwareType, features: Features) {
-    if (this.params.resourceBinary) {
-      return this.params.resourceBinary;
+  private async openProtocolV2MemorySource(binary: ArrayBuffer) {
+    const source = await openFirmwareByteSource({ binary });
+    if (!source) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 firmware binary is empty'
+      );
     }
-    const resourceUrl = DataManager.getSysResourcesLatestRelease({
-      features,
-      forcedUpdateRes: this.params.forcedUpdateRes,
-      firmwareType,
-    });
+    this.protocolV2PreparedSources.push(source);
+    return source;
+  }
 
-    if (resourceUrl) {
-      const resource = (await getSysResourceBinary(resourceUrl)).binary;
-      return resource;
-    }
-    Log.warn('No resource url found');
-    return null;
+  private async closeProtocolV2PreparedSources() {
+    const sources = this.protocolV2PreparedSources.splice(0);
+    await Promise.all(sources.map(source => source.close().catch(() => undefined)));
   }
 
-  private async prepareBootloaderBinary(
+  private async prepareProtocolV2InstallSources(
     firmwareType: EFirmwareType,
     features: Features
-  ): Promise<ArrayBuffer | null> {
-    if (this.params.bootloaderBinary) {
-      return this.params.bootloaderBinary;
+  ): Promise<ProtocolV2InstallSource[]> {
+    if (this.params.preparedPlan) {
+      const requestedTargets = new Set(
+        this.params.preparedPlan.targetsToUpdate.filter(
+          (target): target is Exclude<FirmwareUpdateV4Target, 'resource'> => target !== 'resource'
+        )
+      );
+      const installSources: ProtocolV2InstallSource[] = [];
+      const preparedTargets = new Set<Exclude<FirmwareUpdateV4Target, 'resource'>>();
+      for (const artifact of this.params.preparedPlan.artifacts) {
+        if (artifact.target !== 'resource') {
+          const target = artifact.target as Exclude<FirmwareUpdateV4Target, 'resource'>;
+          const installTarget = PROTOCOL_V2_INSTALL_TARGET_BY_UPDATE_TARGET.get(target);
+          if (
+            !requestedTargets.has(target) ||
+            artifact.role !== 'component' ||
+            artifact.container !== 'raw' ||
+            !installTarget ||
+            preparedTargets.has(target)
+          ) {
+            throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+              HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+              `Protocol V2 prepared component artifact is invalid: ${artifact.artifactId}`,
+              { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+            );
+          }
+          installSources.push({
+            ...installTarget,
+            source: await this.openProtocolV2PreparedSource(artifact.artifact),
+          });
+          preparedTargets.add(target);
+        }
+      }
+      const missingTarget = Array.from(requestedTargets).find(
+        target => !preparedTargets.has(target)
+      );
+      if (missingTarget) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+          `Protocol V2 ${missingTarget} artifact is not prepared`,
+          {
+            firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared',
+            artifactName: missingTarget,
+          }
+        );
+      }
+      return installSources;
     }
 
-    if (this.params.bootloaderVersion) {
-      const bootResourceUrl = DataManager.getBootloaderResource(features, firmwareType);
-      if (bootResourceUrl) {
-        const bootBinary = (await getSysResourceBinary(bootResourceUrl)).binary;
-        return bootBinary;
+    const release = DataManager.getFirmwareLatestRelease(features, firmwareType);
+    if (!release) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 firmware release is unavailable'
+      );
+    }
+    const componentArtifacts = this.params.componentArtifacts ?? {};
+    const requestedTargets = new Set(
+      this.params.targetsToUpdate ?? (Object.keys(componentArtifacts) as FirmwareUpdateV4Target[])
+    );
+    const installSources: ProtocolV2InstallSource[] = [];
+    const preparedTargets = new Set<FirmwareUpdateV4Target>();
+
+    for (const [key, component] of this.getRemoteComponentEntries(release)) {
+      const target = this.getRemoteComponentTarget(key, component);
+      const updateTarget = PROTOCOL_V2_UPDATE_TARGET_BY_TARGET_ID.get(target.targetId);
+      if (updateTarget && updateTarget !== 'resource' && requestedTargets.has(updateTarget)) {
+        const artifact = componentArtifacts[updateTarget];
+        if (!artifact) {
+          throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+            HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+            `Protocol V2 ${updateTarget} artifact is not prepared`,
+            {
+              firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared',
+              artifactName: updateTarget,
+            }
+          );
+        }
+        installSources.push({
+          ...target,
+          source: await this.openProtocolV2PreparedSource(artifact),
+        });
+        preparedTargets.add(updateTarget);
       }
     }
-    return null;
-  }
 
-  private isProtocolV2BootloaderMode() {
-    if (typeof this.device.isBootloader === 'function') {
-      return this.device.isBootloader();
+    const unknownTarget = Array.from(requestedTargets).find(
+      target => target !== 'resource' && !preparedTargets.has(target)
+    );
+    if (unknownTarget) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        `Protocol V2 release does not contain requested target ${unknownTarget}`
+      );
     }
-    return !!this.device.features?.bootloaderMode;
+    return installSources;
   }
 
-  async enterProtocolV2BootloaderMode() {
-    if (this.isProtocolV2BootloaderMode()) {
-      return false;
+  private async prepareProtocolV2LocalMemoryHost({
+    features,
+    firmwareType,
+  }: {
+    features: Features;
+    firmwareType: EFirmwareType;
+  }): Promise<FirmwareUpdateV4MemoryHost> {
+    const availableInstallItems = this.buildProtocolV2InstallItems({
+      bootloaderBinary: this.prepareBootloaderBinary(),
+      fwBinaryMap: this.collectExplicitTargetBinaries(),
+    });
+    const requestedComponentTargets = new Set(
+      (this.params.targetsToUpdate ?? []).filter(
+        (target): target is Exclude<FirmwareUpdateV4Target, 'resource' | 'boot_resources'> =>
+          target !== 'resource' && target !== 'boot_resources'
+      )
+    );
+    const localComponentTargets = new Set(
+      availableInstallItems.flatMap(item => {
+        const target = PROTOCOL_V2_UPDATE_TARGET_BY_TARGET_ID.get(item.targetId);
+        return target ? [target] : [];
+      })
+    );
+    const missingTarget = Array.from(requestedComponentTargets).find(
+      target => !localComponentTargets.has(target)
+    );
+    if (missingTarget) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        `Protocol V2 local update has no binary for requested target ${missingTarget}`,
+        {
+          firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared',
+          artifactName: missingTarget,
+        }
+      );
     }
-
-    try {
-      this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.AutoRebootToBootloader);
-      await this.protocolV2Reboot(DevRebootType.Bootloader);
-      this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.GoToBootloaderSuccess);
-      this.checkDeviceToBootloader(this.payload.connectId);
-      await this.checkPromise?.promise;
-      this.checkPromise = null;
-      await wait(1500);
-      await this.device.acquire?.();
-      return true;
-    } catch (error) {
-      if (error instanceof HardwareError) {
-        throw error;
+    const installItems = this.filterProtocolV2LocalInstallItems(availableInstallItems);
+
+    const planArtifacts: Parameters<typeof buildProtocolV2LocalFirmwareUpdatePlan>[0]['artifacts'] =
+      [];
+    const memoryArtifacts: FirmwareMemoryArtifact[] = [];
+    for (const item of installItems) {
+      const target = PROTOCOL_V2_UPDATE_TARGET_BY_TARGET_ID.get(item.targetId);
+      if (!target || item.binary.byteLength <= 0) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+          `Protocol V2 local firmware artifact is invalid: ${item.fileName}`,
+          { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+        );
       }
-      Log.log('Protocol V2 auto go to bootloader mode failed: ', error);
-      throw ERRORS.TypedError(HardwareErrorCode.FirmwareUpdateAutoEnterBootFailure);
+      const artifactId = `component:${target}`;
+      planArtifacts.push({
+        artifactId,
+        target,
+        container: 'raw',
+        logicalName: item.fileName,
+        expectedSize: item.binary.byteLength,
+        expectedSha256: bytesToHex(sha256(new Uint8Array(item.binary))),
+        ...(this.params.expectedTargetVersions?.[target]
+          ? { targetVersion: this.params.expectedTargetVersions[target] }
+          : {}),
+      });
+      memoryArtifacts.push({ artifactId, binary: item.binary });
     }
-  }
 
-  /**
-   * 收集按 DevFirmwareTargetType 拆分的显式目标二进制。
-   * 文件名仅用于 staging 路径展示，target_id 已显式给定。
-   */
-  private collectExplicitTargetBinaries() {
-    const entries: { fileName: string; binary: ArrayBuffer; targetId: number }[] = [];
-    const push = (binary: ArrayBuffer | undefined, fileName: string, targetId: number) => {
-      if (binary) entries.push({ fileName, binary, targetId });
+    const resourceArchive = await this.prepareProtocolV2LocalResourceArchive(
+      this.params.resourceArchiveBinary as ArrayBuffer
+    );
+    const resourceArtifactId = 'resource:archive';
+    planArtifacts.push({
+      artifactId: resourceArtifactId,
+      target: 'resource',
+      container: 'zip',
+      logicalName: 'protocol-v2-local-resource-archive',
+      expectedSize: resourceArchive.binary.byteLength,
+      expectedSha256: bytesToHex(sha256(new Uint8Array(resourceArchive.binary))),
+    });
+    memoryArtifacts.push({
+      artifactId: resourceArtifactId,
+      binary: resourceArchive.binary,
+      materializedEntries: resourceArchive.materializedEntries,
+    });
+
+    const plan = buildProtocolV2LocalFirmwareUpdatePlan({
+      features,
+      firmwareType,
+      platform: this.params.platform,
+      artifacts: planArtifacts,
+    });
+    let memoryHost: FirmwareUpdateV4MemoryHost | undefined;
+    try {
+      memoryHost = prepareFirmwareUpdateV4MemoryHost({
+        sdk: {
+          prepareFirmwareUpdatePlan,
+          registerFirmwareUpdateHostBinding,
+          unregisterFirmwareUpdateHostBinding,
+        },
+        plan,
+        artifacts: memoryArtifacts,
+      });
+      const preparedPlan = validateFirmwareUpdatePreparedPlan(memoryHost.preparedPlan);
+      assertFirmwareUpdatePreparedPlanBinding({
+        preparedPlan,
+        executor: 'v4',
+        platform: this.params.platform,
+        scopeTargets: [],
+        bindings: [],
+      });
+      assertFirmwareUpdatePreparedPlanDeviceIdentity({
+        preparedPlan,
+        deviceIdentity: this.protocolV2ExpectedSerialNumber,
+        deviceModel: this.getProtocolV2PreparedPlanDeviceModel(features),
+      });
+      const hostBinding = resolveFirmwareUpdateHostBinding(
+        memoryHost.hostBindingGeneration,
+        preparedPlan.preparedPlanDigest
+      );
+      this.params.preparedPlan = preparedPlan;
+      this.params.targetsToUpdate = [...preparedPlan.targetsToUpdate] as FirmwareUpdateV4Target[];
+      this.params.artifactReader = hostBinding.artifactReader;
+      this.params.componentArtifacts = undefined;
+      return memoryHost;
+    } catch (error) {
+      memoryHost?.release();
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async prepareProtocolV2LocalResourceArchive(
+    binary: ArrayBuffer
+  ): Promise<ProtocolV2LocalResourceArchive> {
+    if (binary.byteLength <= 0 || binary.byteLength > PROTOCOL_V2_RESOURCE_TOTAL_MAX_BYTES) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 local resource ZIP archive size is invalid',
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+      );
+    }
+    let zip: JSZip;
+    try {
+      zip = await JSZip.loadAsync(binary);
+    } catch {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 resource ZIP cannot be parsed',
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+      );
+    }
+    const zipEntries = Object.values(zip.files);
+    if (
+      zipEntries.some(entry => entry.unsafeOriginalName && entry.unsafeOriginalName !== entry.name)
+    ) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 local resource ZIP contains an unsafe entry path',
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+      );
+    }
+    const entries = zipEntries.filter(entry => !entry.dir);
+    if (entries.length === 0 || entries.length > PROTOCOL_V2_RESOURCE_FILE_MAX_COUNT + 1) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 local resource ZIP entry set is invalid',
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+      );
+    }
+    let declaredUncompressedSize = 0;
+    let declaredCompressedSize = 0;
+    for (const entry of entries) {
+      const sizes = getProtocolV2ZipEntrySizes(entry);
+      declaredCompressedSize += sizes.compressedSize;
+      declaredUncompressedSize += sizes.uncompressedSize;
+      const entryLimit =
+        entry.name === 'manifest.json'
+          ? PROTOCOL_V2_RESOURCE_MANIFEST_MAX_BYTES
+          : PROTOCOL_V2_RESOURCE_TOTAL_MAX_BYTES;
+      if (
+        sizes.uncompressedSize > entryLimit ||
+        declaredCompressedSize > binary.byteLength ||
+        declaredUncompressedSize >
+          PROTOCOL_V2_RESOURCE_TOTAL_MAX_BYTES + PROTOCOL_V2_RESOURCE_MANIFEST_MAX_BYTES
+      ) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+          'Protocol V2 local resource ZIP declared size exceeds the allowed limit',
+          { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+        );
+      }
+    }
+    const manifestEntry = zip.file('manifest.json');
+    if (!manifestEntry) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 local resource ZIP has no manifest.json',
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+      );
+    }
+    const manifestBinary = await manifestEntry.async('arraybuffer');
+    if (
+      manifestBinary.byteLength <= 0 ||
+      manifestBinary.byteLength > PROTOCOL_V2_RESOURCE_MANIFEST_MAX_BYTES
+    ) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 local resource manifest size is invalid',
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+      );
+    }
+
+    let manifestValue: unknown;
+    try {
+      manifestValue = JSON.parse(new TextDecoder().decode(manifestBinary));
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        `Protocol V2 local resource manifest is invalid: ${String(error)}`,
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+      );
+    }
+    const manifest = parseProtocolV2ResourceManifest(manifestValue);
+    const selectedFiles = selectProtocolV2ResourceManifestFiles({
+      manifest,
+      targetsToUpdate: this.params.targetsToUpdate ?? [],
+    });
+    const expectedEntryNames = new Set([
+      'manifest.json',
+      ...selectedFiles.map(file => file.archive_path),
+    ]);
+    if (
+      entries.length !== expectedEntryNames.size ||
+      entries.some(entry => !expectedEntryNames.has(entry.name))
+    ) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 local resource ZIP contains an unexpected entry',
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+      );
+    }
+
+    let totalSize = 0;
+    const materializedEntries: FirmwareMemoryArtifactEntry[] = [
+      { entryName: 'manifest.json', binary: manifestBinary },
+    ];
+    for (const file of selectedFiles) {
+      const entry = zip.file(file.archive_path);
+      if (!entry) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+          `Protocol V2 local resource ZIP is missing ${file.archive_path}`,
+          { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+        );
+      }
+      const { uncompressedSize } = getProtocolV2ZipEntrySizes(entry);
+      totalSize += uncompressedSize;
+      if (uncompressedSize !== file.size || totalSize > PROTOCOL_V2_RESOURCE_TOTAL_MAX_BYTES) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+          `Protocol V2 local resource file declared size is invalid: ${file.archive_path}`,
+          { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+        );
+      }
+      const fileBinary = await entry.async('arraybuffer');
+      const digest = bytesToHex(sha256(new Uint8Array(fileBinary)));
+      if (fileBinary.byteLength !== file.size || digest !== file.sha256.toLowerCase()) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+          `Protocol V2 local resource file does not match manifest: ${file.archive_path}`,
+          { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactReceiptMismatch' }
+        );
+      }
+      materializedEntries.push({ entryName: file.archive_path, binary: fileBinary });
+    }
+    return { binary, materializedEntries };
+  }
+
+  private async prepareProtocolV2ResourceSources(): Promise<ProtocolV2ResourceBundleSource[]> {
+    const resourceRequested = this.params.targetsToUpdate?.includes('resource') ?? false;
+    if (!resourceRequested) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    const archiveSources = await this.prepareProtocolV2ResourceArchiveSources();
+    if (archiveSources) {
+      return archiveSources;
+    }
+    throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+      HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+      'Protocol V2 resource archive is not prepared',
+      { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+    );
+  }
+
+  private async prepareProtocolV2ResourceArchiveSources(): Promise<
+    ProtocolV2ResourceBundleSource[] | undefined
+  > {
+    const archiveArtifacts =
+      this.params.preparedPlan?.artifacts.filter(
+        artifact =>
+          artifact.role === 'resourceBundle' &&
+          artifact.target === 'resource' &&
+          artifact.container === 'zip'
+      ) ?? [];
+    if (archiveArtifacts.length === 0) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    if (archiveArtifacts.length !== 1) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 prepared plan must contain exactly one resource archive',
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+      );
+    }
+
+    const archiveArtifact = archiveArtifacts[0];
+    const archiveSource = await this.openProtocolV2PreparedSource(archiveArtifact.artifact);
+    if (archiveSource.size > PROTOCOL_V2_RESOURCE_TOTAL_MAX_BYTES) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 prepared resource archive exceeds the total size limit',
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+      );
+    }
+
+    let archiveBinary: ArrayBuffer;
+    try {
+      archiveBinary = await readFirmwareByteSourceFully(archiveSource);
+    } finally {
+      await archiveSource.close();
+    }
+    const archiveDigest = bytesToHex(sha256(new Uint8Array(archiveBinary)));
+    if (archiveDigest !== archiveArtifact.artifact.sha256.toLowerCase()) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 prepared resource archive does not match its approved receipt',
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactReceiptMismatch' }
+      );
+    }
+
+    // materializedEntries 由宿主生成，只有与获批 ZIP 的规范字节完全一致后才能使用。
+    const verifiedArchive = await this.prepareProtocolV2LocalResourceArchive(archiveBinary);
+    const entries = archiveArtifact.materializedEntries ?? [];
+    const entriesByName = new Map(entries.map(entry => [entry.entryName, entry] as const));
+    if (
+      entries.length !== verifiedArchive.materializedEntries.length ||
+      verifiedArchive.materializedEntries.some(entry => {
+        const preparedEntry = entriesByName.get(entry.entryName);
+        const digest = bytesToHex(sha256(new Uint8Array(entry.binary)));
+        return (
+          !preparedEntry ||
+          preparedEntry.artifact.size !== entry.binary.byteLength ||
+          preparedEntry.artifact.sha256.toLowerCase() !== digest
+        );
+      })
+    ) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 prepared resource entries do not match the approved archive',
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactReceiptMismatch' }
+      );
+    }
+
+    const verifiedEntriesByName = new Map(
+      verifiedArchive.materializedEntries.map(entry => [entry.entryName, entry.binary] as const)
+    );
+    const manifestBinary = verifiedEntriesByName.get('manifest.json');
+    if (!manifestBinary) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 prepared resource archive has no valid manifest.json',
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+      );
+    }
+
+    let manifestValue: unknown;
+    try {
+      manifestValue = JSON.parse(new TextDecoder().decode(manifestBinary));
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        `Protocol V2 prepared resource manifest is invalid: ${String(error)}`,
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+      );
+    }
+    const manifest = parseProtocolV2ResourceManifest(manifestValue);
+    const selectedFiles = selectProtocolV2ResourceManifestFiles({
+      manifest,
+      targetsToUpdate: this.params.targetsToUpdate ?? [],
+    });
+    if (selectedFiles.length > PROTOCOL_V2_RESOURCE_FILE_MAX_COUNT) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 prepared resource archive contains too many files',
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+      );
+    }
+
+    let totalSize = 0;
+    const sources: ProtocolV2ResourceBundleSource[] = [];
+    for (const [index, file] of selectedFiles.entries()) {
+      const binary = verifiedEntriesByName.get(file.archive_path);
+      if (!binary || binary.byteLength !== file.size) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+          `Protocol V2 prepared resource file does not match manifest: ${file.archive_path}`,
+          { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactReceiptMismatch' }
+        );
+      }
+      totalSize += binary.byteLength;
+      if (totalSize > PROTOCOL_V2_RESOURCE_TOTAL_MAX_BYTES) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+          'Protocol V2 prepared resource archive exceeds the total size limit',
+          { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactsNotPrepared' }
+        );
+      }
+      // 使用从获批 ZIP 中提取的规范字节，避免宿主在校验后替换 entry reader 内容。
+      const source = await this.openProtocolV2MemorySource(binary);
+      const header =
+        source.size >= PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_HEADER_SIZE
+          ? parseProtocolV2OkppHeader(
+              new Uint8Array(await source.readAt(0, PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_HEADER_SIZE))
+            )
+          : null;
+      sources.push({
+        name: file.original_name || `resource-${index}`,
+        source,
+        devicePath: file.device_path,
+        ...(header
+          ? {
+              version: header.version,
+              payloadHash: header.payloadHash,
+              headerHash: header.headerHash,
+            }
+          : {}),
+      });
+    }
+    return sources;
+  }
+
+  private async runProtocolV2PreparedArtifacts(features: Features, firmwareType: EFirmwareType) {
+    try {
+      this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.StartDownloadFirmware);
+      const installSources = await this.prepareProtocolV2InstallSources(firmwareType, features);
+      const resourceSources = await this.prepareProtocolV2ResourceSources();
+      if (installSources.length === 0 && resourceSources.length === 0) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.FirmwareUpdateDownloadFailed,
+          'No firmware to update'
+        );
+      }
+      this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.FinishDownloadFirmware);
+
+      return await this.executeProtocolV2SourceUpdate({
+        installSources,
+        resourceSources,
+      });
+    } finally {
+      await this.closeProtocolV2PreparedSources();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private validateExpectedTargetVersions() {
+    const expected = this.params.expectedTargetVersions;
+    if (expected === undefined) return;
+    if (typeof expected !== 'object' || expected === null || Array.isArray(expected)) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        'Protocol V2 expected target versions are invalid'
+      );
+    }
+    for (const [target, version] of Object.entries(expected)) {
+      if (
+        !Array.from(PROTOCOL_V2_UPDATE_TARGET_BY_TARGET_ID.values()).includes(
+          target as Exclude<FirmwareUpdateV4Target, 'boot_resources'>
+        ) ||
+        typeof version !== 'string' ||
+        !/^\d+\.\d+\.\d+(?:[-+][A-Za-z0-9.-]+)?$/u.test(version) ||
+        version.length > 64
+      ) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+          'Protocol V2 expected target version is invalid'
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private getExpectedProtocolV2TargetVersion(targetId: number) {
+    const target = PROTOCOL_V2_UPDATE_TARGET_BY_TARGET_ID.get(targetId);
+    const version = target ? this.params?.expectedTargetVersions?.[target] : undefined;
+    if (!version) return undefined;
+    const parts = version.split(/[+-]/u, 1)[0].split('.').map(Number);
+    if (
+      parts.length !== 3 ||
+      parts.some(part => !Number.isSafeInteger(part) || part < 0 || part > 0xff)
+    ) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    return parts[0] * 0x10000 + parts[1] * 0x100 + parts[2];
+  }
+
+  private assertExpectedProtocolV2Versions(targets?: readonly FirmwareUpdateV4Target[]) {
+    const expected = this.params?.expectedTargetVersions;
+    if (!expected) return;
+    const features = this.protocolV2LatestFinalFeatures;
+    const requestedTargets = this.getProtocolV2RequestedTargets();
+    const applicationTargets = requestedTargets.filter(
+      target => target === 'app_v1' || target === 'app_v2'
+    );
+    const visibleVersions: Partial<Record<FirmwareUpdateV4Target, string>> = {
+      boot: features ? getDeviceBootloaderVersion(features).join('.') : undefined,
+      coprocessor: features ? getDeviceBLEFirmwareVersion(features).join('.') : undefined,
+      se01: features?.se01Version ?? undefined,
+      se02: features?.se02Version ?? undefined,
+      se03: features?.se03Version ?? undefined,
+      se04: features?.se04Version ?? undefined,
     };
+    if (features && applicationTargets.length === 1) {
+      visibleVersions[applicationTargets[0]] = getDeviceFirmwareVersion(features).join('.');
+    }
+    const expectedEntries = (
+      Object.entries(expected) as Array<[FirmwareUpdateV4Target, string]>
+    ).filter(([target]) => !targets || targets.includes(target));
+    for (const [target, expectedVersion] of expectedEntries) {
+      const targetId = Array.from(PROTOCOL_V2_UPDATE_TARGET_BY_TARGET_ID.entries()).find(
+        ([, mappedTarget]) => mappedTarget === target
+      )?.[0];
+      const statusVersion =
+        targetId === undefined ? undefined : this.protocolV2CompletedTargetVersions.get(targetId);
+      const observedVersion =
+        statusVersion === undefined
+          ? visibleVersions[target]
+          : `${Math.floor(statusVersion / 0x10000) % 0x100}.${
+              Math.floor(statusVersion / 0x100) % 0x100
+            }.${statusVersion % 0x100}`;
+      if (!observedVersion) {
+        if (this.protocolV2FinalStatusVerified) {
+          Log.warn(
+            `Protocol V2 target ${target} has no observable final version; completed target status is authoritative`
+          );
+        } else {
+          throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+            HardwareErrorCode.FirmwareVerificationFailed,
+            `Protocol V2 target ${target} has no observable final version after status fallback`
+          );
+        }
+      } else if (observedVersion !== expectedVersion) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.FirmwareVerificationFailed,
+          `Protocol V2 target ${target} reached ${observedVersion}, expected ${expectedVersion}`
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
 
-    push(
-      this.params.romloaderBinary,
-      'romloader.bin',
-      ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.TARGET_MAIN_BOOT
+  private getProtocolV2RequestedTargets(): FirmwareUpdateV4Target[] {
+    if (this.params.targetsToUpdate?.length) {
+      return [...new Set(this.params.targetsToUpdate)];
+    }
+    if (this.params.preparedPlan?.targetsToUpdate.length) {
+      return [...new Set(this.params.preparedPlan.targetsToUpdate)] as FirmwareUpdateV4Target[];
+    }
+    const targets = new Set<FirmwareUpdateV4Target>();
+    Object.keys(this.params.componentArtifacts ?? {}).forEach(target =>
+      targets.add(target as FirmwareUpdateV4Target)
+    );
+    if (this.params.bootloaderBinary) targets.add('boot');
+    if (this.params.applicationP1Binary) targets.add('app_v1');
+    if (this.params.applicationP2Binary) targets.add('app_v2');
+    if (this.params.coprocessorBinary) targets.add('coprocessor');
+    if (this.params.se01Binary) targets.add('se01');
+    if (this.params.se02Binary) targets.add('se02');
+    if (this.params.se03Binary) targets.add('se03');
+    if (this.params.se04Binary) targets.add('se04');
+    return Array.from(targets);
+  }
+
+  private async getProtocolV2DeviceFeatures(): Promise<Features> {
+    if (this.device.features) {
+      return this.device.features;
+    }
+    if (typeof this.device.getFeatures === 'function') {
+      const features = await this.device.getFeatures();
+      if (features) return features;
+    }
+    throw ERRORS.TypedError(HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError, 'Device features not available');
+  }
+
+  private getProtocolV2SerialNumber(deviceInfo: ProtocolV2DeviceInfo) {
+    const serialNumber = deviceInfo.hw?.serial_no?.trim();
+    return serialNumber || undefined;
+  }
+
+  private getProtocolV2PreparedPlanDeviceModel(features?: Features) {
+    const currentDeviceType = this.device.getCurrentDeviceType();
+    const featureDeviceType = features ? getDeviceType(features) : undefined;
+    const deviceType =
+      currentDeviceType === EDeviceType.Pro2 || currentDeviceType === EDeviceType.Neo
+        ? currentDeviceType
+        : featureDeviceType;
+    return deviceType === EDeviceType.Pro2 || deviceType === EDeviceType.Neo
+      ? String(deviceType)
+      : undefined;
+  }
+
+  private getProtocolV2ConnectionRoute() {
+    const descriptor = this.device.originalDescriptor;
+    return (
+      descriptor?.path?.trim() ||
+      this.device.getConnectId?.()?.trim() ||
+      descriptor?.id?.trim() ||
+      undefined
+    );
+  }
+
+  private assertProtocolV2DeviceInfoIdentity(deviceInfo: ProtocolV2DeviceInfo) {
+    assertProtocolV2ReconnectIdentity(
+      this.protocolV2ExpectedSerialNumber,
+      this.getProtocolV2SerialNumber(deviceInfo),
+      this.protocolV2ExpectedPath,
+      this.getProtocolV2ConnectionRoute()
     );
+  }
+
+  private getProtocolV2DeviceInfoTimeout() {
+    return this.isBleReconnect()
+      ? this.payload.protocolV2DeviceInfoTimeoutMs ?? PROTOCOL_V2_DEVICE_INFO_READY_TIMEOUT
+      : PROTOCOL_V2_SHORT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT;
+  }
+
+  private async requestProtocolV2PhysicalIdentity() {
+    return requestProtocolV2DeviceInfo({
+      commands: this.device.getCommands(),
+      timeoutMs: this.getProtocolV2DeviceInfoTimeout(),
+    });
+  }
+
+  private async captureProtocolV2PhysicalIdentity() {
+    const deviceInfo = await this.requestProtocolV2PhysicalIdentity();
+    const serialNumber = this.getProtocolV2SerialNumber(deviceInfo);
+    const path = this.getProtocolV2ConnectionRoute();
+    if (this.params?.preparedPlan) {
+      assertFirmwareUpdatePreparedPlanDeviceIdentity({
+        preparedPlan: this.params.preparedPlan,
+        deviceIdentity: serialNumber,
+        deviceModel: this.getProtocolV2PreparedPlanDeviceModel(this.device.features),
+      });
+    } else if (this.params?.expectedDeviceId) {
+      assertProtocolV2ReconnectIdentity(this.params?.expectedDeviceId, serialNumber);
+    } else {
+      assertProtocolV2ReconnectIdentity(serialNumber, serialNumber, path, path);
+    }
+    this.protocolV2ExpectedSerialNumber = serialNumber;
+    this.protocolV2ExpectedPath = path;
+  }
+
+  private async verifyProtocolV2ReconnectIdentity() {
+    const deviceInfo = await this.requestProtocolV2PhysicalIdentity();
+    this.assertProtocolV2DeviceInfoIdentity(deviceInfo);
+    return deviceInfo;
+  }
+
+  private prepareBootloaderBinary(): ArrayBuffer | null {
+    return this.params.bootloaderBinary ?? null;
+  }
+
+  private getMissingProtocolV2FirmwareTargets(installItems: ProtocolV2InstallItem[]) {
+    const preparedTargets = new Set(
+      installItems.flatMap(item => {
+        const target = PROTOCOL_V2_UPDATE_TARGET_BY_TARGET_ID.get(item.targetId);
+        return target ? [target] : [];
+      })
+    );
+    return (this.params.targetsToUpdate ?? [])
+      .filter(
+        (target): target is Exclude<FirmwareUpdateV4Target, 'resource' | 'boot_resources'> =>
+          target !== 'resource' && target !== 'boot_resources'
+      )
+      .filter(target => !preparedTargets.has(target));
+  }
+
+  private filterProtocolV2LocalInstallItems(installItems: ProtocolV2InstallItem[]) {
+    if (!this.protocolV2HasExplicitTargetSelection) {
+      return installItems;
+    }
+    const requestedTargets = new Set(this.params.targetsToUpdate ?? []);
+    return installItems.filter(item => {
+      const target = PROTOCOL_V2_UPDATE_TARGET_BY_TARGET_ID.get(item.targetId);
+      return target !== undefined && requestedTargets.has(target);
+    });
+  }
+
+  private buildProtocolV2InstallItems({
+    bootloaderBinary,
+    fwBinaryMap,
+  }: {
+    bootloaderBinary: ArrayBuffer | null;
+    fwBinaryMap: ProtocolV2TargetBinary[];
+  }): ProtocolV2InstallItem[] {
+    const installItems: ProtocolV2InstallItem[] = [];
+
+    if (bootloaderBinary) {
+      installItems.push({
+        fileName: 'bootloader.bin',
+        binary: bootloaderBinary,
+        targetId: ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_BOOTLOADER,
+        kind: 'bootloader',
+      });
+    }
+
+    installItems.push(...fwBinaryMap.map(item => ({ ...item, kind: 'firmware' as const })));
+    return installItems;
+  }
+
+  private getRemoteComponentEntries(release: IFirmwareReleaseInfo) {
+    const { components } = release;
+    if (!components) return [];
+
+    const orderedKeys = [
+      ...(release.installOrder ?? []),
+      ...Object.keys(components).filter(key => !release.installOrder?.includes(key)),
+    ];
+
+    return orderedKeys
+      .map(key => {
+        const component = components[key];
+        return component ? ([key, component] as const) : undefined;
+      })
+      .filter((entry): entry is readonly [string, IProtocolV2FirmwareComponent] => !!entry);
+  }
+
+  private getRemoteComponentTarget(key: string, component: IProtocolV2FirmwareComponent) {
+    const targetName = component.target?.toUpperCase();
+    if (targetName === 'ROMLOADER') {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        PROTOCOL_V2_ROMLOADER_UNSUPPORTED_MESSAGE
+      );
+    }
+    const target = PROTOCOL_V2_REMOTE_COMPONENT_TARGETS[targetName];
+    if (!target) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        `Unsupported Protocol V2 firmware component target: ${key}/${component.target}`
+      );
+    }
+    return target;
+  }
+
+  private async downloadRemoteProtocolV2Component(
+    key: string,
+    component: IProtocolV2FirmwareComponent
+  ): Promise<ProtocolV2RemoteComponentBinary> {
+    const target = this.getRemoteComponentTarget(key, component);
+    if (!component.url) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        `Missing Protocol V2 firmware component url: ${key}/${component.target}`
+      );
+    }
+    const expectedFingerprint = normalizeProtocolV2Hex(component.fingerprint);
+    if (
+      !Number.isSafeInteger(component.expectedSize) ||
+      Number(component.expectedSize) <= 0 ||
+      !expectedFingerprint ||
+      !/^[0-9a-f]{64}$/u.test(expectedFingerprint)
+    ) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        `Protocol V2 firmware component integrity metadata is invalid: ${key}/${component.target}`,
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwarePlanInvalid' }
+      );
+    }
+
+    const { binary } = await getSysResourceBinary(component.url);
+    if (binary.byteLength !== component.expectedSize) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        `Protocol V2 firmware size mismatch: ${key}/${component.target}`,
+        { firmwareUpdateCode: 'FirmwareArtifactReceiptMismatch' }
+      );
+    }
+    if (!isProtocolV2FirmwareFingerprintValid(binary, component.fingerprint)) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        `Protocol V2 firmware fingerprint mismatch: ${key}/${component.target}`
+      );
+    }
+    const expectedPayloadHash = normalizeProtocolV2Hex(component.payloadHash);
+    if (expectedPayloadHash) {
+      const header = parseProtocolV2OkppHeader(toProtocolV2Bytes(binary));
+      if (!header || header.payloadHash !== expectedPayloadHash) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+          `Protocol V2 firmware payload hash mismatch: ${key}/${component.target}`
+        );
+      }
+    }
+    return {
+      ...target,
+      binary,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private async prepareRemoteProtocolV2Binaries(
+    firmwareType: EFirmwareType,
+    features: Features,
+    explicitInstallItems: ProtocolV2InstallItem[] = []
+  ) {
+    const release = DataManager.getFirmwareLatestRelease(features, firmwareType);
+
+    let bootloaderBinary: ArrayBuffer | null = null;
+    const fwBinaryMap: ProtocolV2TargetBinary[] = [];
+    const installItems: ProtocolV2InstallItem[] = [];
+
+    if (!release) {
+      const missingFirmwareTargets = this.getMissingProtocolV2FirmwareTargets(explicitInstallItems);
+      if (missingFirmwareTargets.length > 0) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+          `Protocol V2 firmware release is unavailable for requested targets: ${missingFirmwareTargets.join(
+            ', '
+          )}`
+        );
+      }
+      return {
+        bootloaderBinary,
+        fwBinaryMap,
+        installItems,
+      };
+    }
+
+    const entries = this.getRemoteComponentEntries(release);
+    const targetsToUpdate = new Set(this.params.targetsToUpdate ?? []);
+    const explicitInstallItemByTargetId = new Map(
+      explicitInstallItems.map(item => [item.targetId, item] as const)
+    );
+    const preparedTargets = new Set<FirmwareUpdateV4Target>();
+
+    for (const [key, component] of entries) {
+      const targetName = component.target?.toUpperCase();
+      const target = PROTOCOL_V2_REMOTE_COMPONENT_TARGETS[targetName];
+      const updateTarget = target
+        ? PROTOCOL_V2_UPDATE_TARGET_BY_TARGET_ID.get(target.targetId)
+        : undefined;
+      if (updateTarget && targetsToUpdate.has(updateTarget)) {
+        const explicitInstallItem = explicitInstallItemByTargetId.get(target.targetId);
+        const installItem =
+          explicitInstallItem ?? (await this.downloadRemoteProtocolV2Component(key, component));
+        if (installItem.kind === 'bootloader') {
+          bootloaderBinary = installItem.binary;
+        } else {
+          const binaryEntry = {
+            fileName: installItem.fileName,
+            binary: installItem.binary,
+            targetId: installItem.targetId,
+          };
+          fwBinaryMap.push(binaryEntry);
+        }
+        installItems.push({ ...installItem });
+        preparedTargets.add(updateTarget);
+      }
+    }
+
+    const missingTarget = Array.from(targetsToUpdate).find(
+      target => target !== 'resource' && !preparedTargets.has(target)
+    );
+    if (missingTarget) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        `Protocol V2 release does not contain requested target ${missingTarget}`
+      );
+    }
+
+    return {
+      bootloaderBinary,
+      fwBinaryMap,
+      installItems,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private getProtocolV2ResourceFilePath(path: string) {
+    if (path.startsWith('vol')) return path;
+    if (path.startsWith('/')) return `vol0:${path}`;
+    return `vol0:/${path}`;
+  }
+
+  private async readProtocolV2DeviceFileHeader(path: string, expectedSize?: number) {
+    const typedCall = this.device.getCommands().typedCall.bind(this.device.getCommands());
+    const filePath = this.getProtocolV2ResourceFilePath(path);
+    const pathInfoRes = await typedCall('FilesystemPathInfoQuery', 'FilesystemPathInfo', {
+      path: filePath,
+    });
+    const fileSize = toProtocolV2FiniteNumber(pathInfoRes.message?.size);
+    if (
+      !pathInfoRes.message?.exist ||
+      pathInfoRes.message?.directory ||
+      fileSize === undefined ||
+      fileSize < PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_HEADER_SIZE ||
+      (expectedSize !== undefined && fileSize !== expectedSize)
+    ) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const chunkSize = this.getProtocolV2FirmwareChunkSize('read');
+    const chunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
+    let offset = 0;
+    while (offset < PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_HEADER_SIZE) {
+      const readLen = Math.min(chunkSize, PROTOCOL_V2_OKPP_HEADER_SIZE - offset);
+      const res = await typedCall('FilesystemFileRead', 'FilesystemFile', {
+        file: {
+          path: filePath,
+          offset,
+          total_size: 0,
+        },
+        chunk_len: readLen,
+        ui_percentage: undefined,
+      });
+      const data = toProtocolV2Bytes(res.message?.data);
+      if (data.byteLength === 0) return null;
+      chunks.push(data);
+      offset += data.byteLength;
+    }
+
+    const headerBytes = new Uint8Array(offset);
+    let cursor = 0;
+    chunks.forEach(chunk => {
+      headerBytes.set(chunk, cursor);
+      cursor += chunk.byteLength;
+    });
+    return parseProtocolV2OkppHeader(headerBytes);
+  }
+
+  /** Compare the downloaded and installed okpkg headers before transferring a resource. */
+  private async isProtocolV2ResourceBundleUpToDate(
+    bundle: Pick<
+      ProtocolV2ResourceBundleSource,
+      'name' | 'source' | 'devicePath' | 'version' | 'payloadHash' | 'headerHash'
+    >
+  ): Promise<boolean> {
+    if (this.params?.forcedUpdateRes) return false;
+    if (!bundle.payloadHash || !bundle.headerHash) return false;
+
+    try {
+      const header = await this.readProtocolV2DeviceFileHeader(
+        bundle.devicePath,
+        bundle.source.size
+      );
+      if (!header) return false;
+
+      if (bundle.version) {
+        const cmp = compareProtocolV2Versions(header.version, bundle.version);
+        if (cmp === undefined || cmp !== 0) return false;
+      }
+      const expectedPayloadHash = normalizeProtocolV2Hex(bundle.payloadHash);
+      const expectedHeaderHash = normalizeProtocolV2Hex(bundle.headerHash);
+      if (!expectedPayloadHash || header.payloadHash !== expectedPayloadHash) return false;
+      if (!expectedHeaderHash || header.headerHash !== expectedHeaderHash) return false;
+      return true;
+    } catch (error) {
+      Log.log(`[FirmwareUpdateV4] RESC bundle ${bundle.name} header check failed: `, error);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private isProtocolV2BootloaderMode() {
+    if (typeof this.device.isBootloader === 'function') {
+      return !!this.device.isBootloader();
+    }
+    return (
+      this.device.features?.mode === 'bootloader' ||
+      (this.device.features?.mode == null && !!this.device.features?.bootloaderMode)
+    );
+  }
+
+  private isProtocolV2RomloaderMode() {
+    const deviceType = this.device.getCurrentDeviceType();
+    if (
+      !this.device.isProtocolV2() ||
+      (deviceType !== EDeviceType.Pro2 && deviceType !== EDeviceType.Neo)
+    ) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (typeof this.device.isRomloader === 'function') {
+      return this.device.isRomloader();
+    }
+    return this.device.features?.mode === 'romloader';
+  }
+
+  async enterProtocolV2BootloaderMode() {
+    // romloader is the first update environment and forwards targets to bootloader.
+    // It rejects DeviceRebootType.Bootloader, so reuse the current connection.
+    if (this.isProtocolV2RomloaderMode()) {
+      Log.debug('Protocol V2 device is in romloader mode; start firmware update directly');
+      this.protocolV2ExecutionInLoader = true;
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (this.isProtocolV2BootloaderMode()) {
+      Log.debug('Protocol V2 device is already in bootloader mode, skip reboot');
+      this.protocolV2ExecutionInLoader = true;
+      this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.GoToBootloaderSuccess);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.AutoRebootToBootloader);
+      await this.protocolV2Reboot(DeviceRebootType.Bootloader);
+      await wait(1000);
+      await this.waitForProtocolV2BootloaderMode();
+      this.protocolV2ExecutionInLoader = true;
+      this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.GoToBootloaderSuccess);
+      return true;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error instanceof HardwareError) {
+        throw error;
+      }
+      Log.log('Protocol V2 auto go to bootloader mode failed: ', error);
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(HardwareErrorCode.FirmwareUpdateAutoEnterBootFailure);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async waitForProtocolV2BootloaderMode(
+    timeout = PROTOCOL_V2_BOOTLOADER_RECONNECT_TIMEOUT,
+    retryInterval = 1000
+  ) {
+    const startTime = Date.now();
+    let lastError: unknown;
+    let shouldReconnect = true;
+
+    while (Date.now() - startTime < timeout) {
+      try {
+        if (shouldReconnect) {
+          await this.reconnectProtocolV2Device();
+          shouldReconnect = false;
+        }
+        const deviceInfo = await requestProtocolV2DeviceInfo({
+          commands: this.device.getCommands(),
+          timeoutMs: this.getProtocolV2DeviceInfoTimeout(),
+        });
+        this.assertProtocolV2DeviceInfoIdentity(deviceInfo);
+        const features = await this.device.probeProtocolV2RuntimeState(
+          deviceInfo,
+          PROTOCOL_V2_SHORT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT
+        );
+        if (features?.mode === 'bootloader') {
+          return features;
+        }
+        lastError = new Error('Protocol V2 device is reachable but is not in bootloader mode');
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (this.isProtocolV2ReconnectIdentityError(error)) {
+          throw error;
+        }
+        shouldReconnect = true;
+        lastError = error;
+        Log.log('Protocol V2 bootloader mode not ready, polling reconnect: ', error);
+      }
+      await wait(retryInterval);
+    }
+
+    throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+      HardwareErrorCode.FirmwareUpdateAutoEnterBootFailure,
+      `Protocol V2 bootloader not ready within ${timeout / 1000}s: ${this.normalizeErrorMessage(
+        lastError
+      )}`
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Collect explicit target binaries grouped by DeviceFirmwareTargetType.
+   * Filenames are display-only staging paths because target_id is explicit.
+   */
+  private collectExplicitTargetBinaries() {
+    const entries: ProtocolV2TargetBinary[] = [];
+    const push = (binary: ArrayBuffer | undefined, fileName: string, targetId: number) => {
+      if (binary) entries.push({ fileName, binary, targetId });
+    };
+
+    if (this.params.romloaderBinary) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+        PROTOCOL_V2_ROMLOADER_UNSUPPORTED_MESSAGE
+      );
+    }
     push(
       this.params.applicationP1Binary,
       'application_p1.bin',
-      ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.TARGET_MAIN_APP
+      ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_APPLICATION_P1
     );
     push(
       this.params.applicationP2Binary,
       'application_p2.bin',
-      ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.TARGET_MAIN_APP
+      ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_APPLICATION_P2
+    );
+    push(
+      this.params.coprocessorBinary,
+      'coprocessor.bin',
+      ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_COPROCESSOR
     );
-    push(this.params.coprocessorBinary, 'coprocessor.bin', ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.TARGET_BT);
-    push(this.params.se01Binary, 'se01.bin', ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.TARGET_SE1);
-    push(this.params.se02Binary, 'se02.bin', ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.TARGET_SE2);
-    push(this.params.se03Binary, 'se03.bin', ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.TARGET_SE3);
-    push(this.params.se04Binary, 'se04.bin', ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.TARGET_SE4);
+    push(this.params.se01Binary, 'se01.bin', ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_SE01);
+    push(this.params.se02Binary, 'se02.bin', ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_SE02);
+    push(this.params.se03Binary, 'se03.bin', ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_SE03);
+    push(this.params.se04Binary, 'se04.bin', ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.FW_MGMT_TARGET_SE04);
     return entries;
   }
 
-  private async prepareFirmwareAndBleBinary(firmwareType: EFirmwareType, features: Features) {
-    const fwBinaryMap: { fileName: string; binary: ArrayBuffer; targetId?: number }[] = [];
-    if (this.params.firmwareBinary) {
-      fwBinaryMap.push({
-        fileName: 'firmware.bin',
-        binary: this.params.firmwareBinary,
+  private buildProtocolV2ExecutionPhases({
+    installSources,
+    resourceSources,
+  }: {
+    installSources: ProtocolV2InstallSource[];
+    resourceSources: ProtocolV2ResourceBundleSource[];
+  }): ProtocolV2ExecutionPhase[] {
+    const phases: ProtocolV2ExecutionPhase[] = [];
+    const bootResourceSources = resourceSources.filter(source =>
+      isProtocolV2BootResourcePackagePath(source.devicePath)
+    );
+    const remainingResourceSources = resourceSources.filter(
+      source => !isProtocolV2BootResourcePackagePath(source.devicePath)
+    );
+    // A previous interrupted run may have left a promotable staging file. Replace
+    // it with the current approved package before any firmware-triggered reboot.
+    if (bootResourceSources.length > 0) {
+      phases.push({
+        kind: 'resource-sync',
+        installSources: [],
+        resourceSources: bootResourceSources,
       });
-    } else if (this.params.firmwareVersion) {
-      const firmwareBinary = (
-        await getBinary({
-          features,
-          version: this.params.firmwareVersion,
-          updateType: 'firmware',
-          isUpdateBootloader: false,
-          firmwareType,
-        })
-      ).binary;
-      fwBinaryMap.push({
-        fileName: 'firmware.bin',
-        binary: firmwareBinary,
+    }
+    const bootloaderSources = installSources.filter(source => source.kind === 'bootloader');
+    if (bootloaderSources.length > 0) {
+      phases.push(
+        {
+          kind: 'bootloader-install',
+          installSources: bootloaderSources,
+          resourceSources: [],
+        },
+        {
+          kind: 'bootloader-verify',
+          installSources: [],
+          resourceSources: [],
+        }
+      );
+    }
+    if (remainingResourceSources.length > 0) {
+      phases.push({
+        kind: 'resource-sync',
+        installSources: [],
+        resourceSources: remainingResourceSources,
       });
     }
-
-    if (this.params.bleBinary) {
-      fwBinaryMap.push({
-        fileName: 'ble-firmware.bin',
-        binary: this.params.bleBinary,
+    const componentSources = installSources.filter(source => source.kind !== 'bootloader');
+    if (componentSources.length > 0) {
+      phases.push({
+        kind: 'component-install',
+        installSources: componentSources,
+        resourceSources: [],
       });
-    } else if (this.params.bleVersion) {
-      const bleBinary = await getBinary({
-        features,
-        version: this.params.bleVersion,
-        updateType: 'ble',
-        firmwareType,
+    }
+    phases.push({
+      kind: 'final-verify',
+      installSources: [],
+      resourceSources: [],
+    });
+    return phases;
+  }
+
+  private async executeProtocolV2Phases({
+    installSources,
+    resourceSources,
+  }: {
+    installSources: ProtocolV2InstallSource[];
+    resourceSources: ProtocolV2ResourceBundleSource[];
+  }) {
+    this.protocolV2BootResourceStagingSafe = false;
+    const phases = this.buildProtocolV2ExecutionPhases({
+      installSources,
+      resourceSources,
+    });
+    for (const phase of phases) {
+      if (phase.kind === 'final-verify') {
+        return this.completeProtocolV2FinalVerification();
+      }
+      if (phase.kind === 'resource-sync') {
+        await this.enterProtocolV2BootloaderMode();
+        if (
+          !phase.resourceSources.some(source =>
+            isProtocolV2BootResourcePackagePath(source.devicePath)
+          )
+        ) {
+          await this.ensureProtocolV2BootResourceStagingIsEmpty();
+        }
+        await this.executeProtocolV2TransferPhase(phase);
+      } else if (phase.kind === 'bootloader-install' || phase.kind === 'component-install') {
+        await this.enterProtocolV2BootloaderMode();
+        await this.ensureProtocolV2BootResourceStagingIsEmpty();
+        await this.executeProtocolV2TransferPhase(phase);
+        await this.exitProtocolV2BootloaderToNormal();
+      } else if (phase.kind === 'bootloader-verify') {
+        await this.waitForProtocolV2FinalFeatures();
+        this.assertExpectedProtocolV2Versions(['boot']);
+      }
+    }
+    throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+      HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+      'Protocol V2 execution has no final verification phase'
+    );
+  }
+
+  private async ensureProtocolV2BootResourceStagingIsEmpty() {
+    if (this.protocolV2BootResourceStagingSafe) return;
+    const typedCall = this.device.getCommands().typedCall.bind(this.device.getCommands());
+    const query = () =>
+      typedCall('FilesystemPathInfoQuery', 'FilesystemPathInfo', {
+        path: PROTOCOL_V2_BOOT_RESOURCE_PACKAGE_STAGING_PATH,
       });
-      fwBinaryMap.push({
-        fileName: 'ble-firmware.bin',
-        binary: bleBinary.binary,
+    const current = await query();
+    if (current.message?.exist) {
+      if (current.message.directory) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.EmmcFileWriteFirmwareError,
+          'Protocol V2 boot resource staging path is not a file'
+        );
+      }
+      await typedCall('FilesystemFileDelete', 'Success', {
+        path: PROTOCOL_V2_BOOT_RESOURCE_PACKAGE_STAGING_PATH,
       });
+      const remaining = await query();
+      if (remaining.message?.exist) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.EmmcFileWriteFirmwareError,
+          'Protocol V2 stale boot resource staging file could not be removed'
+        );
+      }
     }
+    this.protocolV2BootResourceStagingSafe = true;
+  }
 
-    return fwBinaryMap;
+  private async executeProtocolV2SourceUpdate({
+    installSources,
+    resourceSources,
+  }: {
+    installSources: ProtocolV2InstallSource[];
+    resourceSources: ProtocolV2ResourceBundleSource[];
+  }) {
+    return this.executeProtocolV2Phases({
+      installSources,
+      resourceSources,
+    });
   }
 
   private async executeProtocolV2Update({
-    resourceBinary,
     fwBinaryMap,
     bootloaderBinary,
+    installItems,
   }: {
-    resourceBinary: ArrayBuffer | null;
-    fwBinaryMap: { fileName: string; binary: ArrayBuffer; targetId?: number }[];
-    bootloaderBinary: ArrayBuffer | null;
+    fwBinaryMap?: ProtocolV2TargetBinary[];
+    bootloaderBinary?: ArrayBuffer | null;
+    installItems?: ProtocolV2InstallItem[];
   }) {
-    let totalSize = 0;
-    let processedSize = 0;
-
-    if (resourceBinary) totalSize += resourceBinary.byteLength;
-    for (const fwbinary of fwBinaryMap) totalSize += fwbinary.binary.byteLength;
-    if (bootloaderBinary) totalSize += bootloaderBinary.byteLength;
-
-    this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.StartTransferData);
-
-    const targets: Array<{ target_id: number; path: string }> = [];
-
-    if (resourceBinary) {
-      // resource 仅支持单文件 .bin：整文件一次上传，target path 指向该文件
-      const resourceFilePath = `${PROTOCOL_V2_FIRMWARE_STAGING_VOLUME}resource.bin`;
-      processedSize = await this.protocolV2CommonUpdateProcess({
-        payload: resourceBinary,
-        filePath: resourceFilePath,
-        processedSize,
-        totalSize,
+    const memoryInstallItems =
+      installItems ??
+      this.buildProtocolV2InstallItems({
+        fwBinaryMap: fwBinaryMap ?? [],
+        bootloaderBinary: bootloaderBinary ?? null,
       });
-      targets.push({
-        target_id: ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.TARGET_RESOURCE,
-        path: resourceFilePath,
+    try {
+      const installSources = await Promise.all(
+        memoryInstallItems.map(async item => ({
+          fileName: item.fileName,
+          source: await this.openProtocolV2MemorySource(item.binary),
+          targetId: item.targetId,
+          kind: item.kind,
+        }))
+      );
+      return await this.executeProtocolV2Phases({
+        installSources,
+        resourceSources: [],
       });
+    } finally {
+      await this.closeProtocolV2PreparedSources();
     }
+  }
 
-    if (bootloaderBinary) {
-      const bootloaderPath = `${PROTOCOL_V2_FIRMWARE_STAGING_VOLUME}bootloader.bin`;
-      processedSize = await this.protocolV2CommonUpdateProcess({
-        payload: bootloaderBinary,
-        filePath: bootloaderPath,
+  private async executeProtocolV2TransferPhase({
+    installSources,
+    resourceSources,
+  }: ProtocolV2ExecutionPhase) {
+    let totalSize = installSources.reduce((total, item) => total + item.source.size, 0);
+    const resourcesToSync: ProtocolV2ResourceBundleSource[] = [];
+    for (const resource of resourceSources) {
+      // Early boot promotes this mounted package's staging file. Always replace any
+      // stale staging bytes with the artifact approved by the current PreparedPlan,
+      // even when the mounted final file itself is already current.
+      const requiresFreshStaging = isProtocolV2BootResourcePackagePath(resource.devicePath);
+      if (!requiresFreshStaging && (await this.isProtocolV2ResourceBundleUpToDate(resource))) {
+        Log.log(`[FirmwareUpdateV4] skip RESC bundle ${resource.name}; already up to date`);
+      } else {
+        resourcesToSync.push(resource);
+        totalSize += resource.source.size;
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.StartTransferData);
+    let processedSize = 0;
+    for (const resource of resourcesToSync) {
+      // The bootloader keeps its live resource package mounted. FatFs rejects
+      // replacing an open file, so early boot promotes this staging file before mounting it.
+      const writePath = resolveProtocolV2ResourceWritePath(resource.devicePath);
+      processedSize = await this.protocolV2SourceUpdateProcess({
+        source: resource.source,
+        filePath: writePath,
         processedSize,
         totalSize,
       });
-      targets.push({
-        target_id: ProtocolV2FirmwareTargetType.TARGET_MAIN_BOOT,
-        path: bootloaderPath,
-      });
+      await this.verifyProtocolV2StagedFile(writePath, resource.source.size);
+      if (isProtocolV2BootResourcePackagePath(resource.devicePath)) {
+        this.protocolV2BootResourceStagingSafe = true;
+      }
     }
 
-    for (const fwbinary of fwBinaryMap) {
-      const firmwarePath = `${PROTOCOL_V2_FIRMWARE_STAGING_VOLUME}${fwbinary.fileName}`;
-      processedSize = await this.protocolV2CommonUpdateProcess({
-        payload: fwbinary.binary,
-        filePath: firmwarePath,
+    const stagedInstallTargets: Array<{ targetId: number; path: string }> = [];
+    for (const item of installSources) {
+      const filePath = this.getProtocolV2InstallItemStagingPath(item);
+      processedSize = await this.protocolV2SourceUpdateProcess({
+        source: item.source,
+        filePath,
         processedSize,
         totalSize,
       });
-      targets.push({
-        target_id: fwbinary.targetId ?? protocolV2FileNameToTargetId(fwbinary.fileName),
-        path: firmwarePath,
+      await this.verifyProtocolV2StagedFile(filePath, item.source.size);
+      stagedInstallTargets.push({
+        targetId: item.targetId,
+        path: filePath,
       });
     }
 
     if (totalSize > 0) {
       this.postProgressMessage(100, 'transferData');
     }
+    if (stagedInstallTargets.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
 
     this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.ConfirmOnDevice);
-    const startResponse = await this.protocolV2StartFirmwareUpdate({ targets });
-    await this.waitForProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateComplete(targets, startResponse);
+    const targets = stagedInstallTargets.map(item => ({
+      target_id: item.targetId,
+      path: item.path,
+    }));
+    await this.protocolV2StartFirmwareUpdate({ targets });
+    await this.waitForProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateComplete(targets);
   }
 
-  private async queryProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStatus() {
-    const typedCall = this.device.getCommands().typedCall.bind(this.device.getCommands());
-    return typedCall(
-      'DevGetFirmwareUpdateStatus',
-      'DevFirmwareUpdateStatus',
-      {},
-      {
-        timeoutMs: PROTOCOL_V2_SHORT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT,
+  private async protocolV2SourceUpdateProcess({
+    source,
+    filePath,
+    processedSize,
+    totalSize,
+  }: {
+    source: FirmwareByteSource;
+    filePath: string;
+    processedSize: number;
+    totalSize: number;
+  }) {
+    let lastError: unknown;
+    for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= PROTOCOL_V2_FILE_TRANSFER_RETRY_COUNT; attempt += 1) {
+      try {
+        const transferStartedAt = Date.now();
+        await writeFirmwareByteSource({
+          source,
+          chunkSize: this.getProtocolV2FirmwareChunkSize('write', filePath),
+          write: async ({ data, sourceOffset, length, first }) => {
+            const chunkEnd = sourceOffset + length;
+            const deviceProgress = getProtocolV2DeviceTransferProgress(
+              processedSize + sourceOffset,
+              processedSize + chunkEnd,
+              totalSize
+            );
+            const response = await this.fileWriteChunk(
+              filePath,
+              source.size,
+              sourceOffset,
+              data,
+              first,
+              deviceProgress
+            );
+            const rawProcessedByte = response.message.processed_byte;
+            const nextOffset = rawProcessedByte === undefined ? chunkEnd : Number(rawProcessedByte);
+            if (!Number.isFinite(nextOffset) || nextOffset !== chunkEnd) {
+              throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+                HardwareErrorCode.EmmcFileWriteFirmwareError,
+                `invalid processed_byte ${rawProcessedByte} for offset ${sourceOffset}`
+              );
+            }
+            const transferredBytes = processedSize + chunkEnd;
+            const elapsedMs = Math.max(Date.now() - transferStartedAt, 0);
+            this.postProgressMessage(
+              Math.min(Math.ceil((transferredBytes / totalSize) * 100), 99),
+              'transferData',
+              {
+                transferredBytes,
+                totalBytes: totalSize,
+                rateBytesPerSecond:
+                  elapsedMs > 0 ? Math.round((chunkEnd / elapsedMs) * 1000) : undefined,
+                elapsedMs,
+              }
+            );
+            return length;
+          },
+        });
+        return processedSize + source.size;
+      } catch (error) {
+        lastError = error;
+        if (attempt < PROTOCOL_V2_FILE_TRANSFER_RETRY_COUNT) {
+          await this.recoverProtocolV2FileTransfer();
+        }
       }
+    }
+    throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+      HardwareErrorCode.EmmcFileWriteFirmwareError,
+      `transfer data error: ${getProtocolV2UnknownErrorText(lastError)}`
     );
   }
 
-  private async pingProtocolV2Device() {
+  private getProtocolV2InstallItemStagingPath(item: Pick<ProtocolV2InstallItem, 'fileName'>) {
+    return `${PROTOCOL_V2_FIRMWARE_STAGING_VOLUME}${item.fileName}`;
+  }
+
+  private async verifyProtocolV2StagedFile(path: string, expectedSize: number) {
     const typedCall = this.device.getCommands().typedCall.bind(this.device.getCommands());
-    await typedCall(
-      'Ping',
-      'Success',
-      { message: 'firmware-update' },
-      {
-        timeoutMs: PROTOCOL_V2_SHORT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT,
-      }
-    );
+    const response = await typedCall('FilesystemPathInfoQuery', 'FilesystemPathInfo', { path });
+    const actualSize = toProtocolV2FiniteNumber(response.message?.size);
+    if (!response.message?.exist || response.message?.directory || actualSize !== expectedSize) {
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+        HardwareErrorCode.EmmcFileWriteFirmwareError,
+        `staged file verification failed: path=${path} exist=${!!response.message
+          ?.exist} expected=${expectedSize} actual=${actualSize ?? 'unknown'}`
+      );
+    }
   }
 
   private assertProtocolV2TargetStatus(
     statusTargets: ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStatusTarget[],
-    expectedTargetIds: Set<number>
+    expectedTargetIds: Set<number>,
+    expectedPaths = new Map<number, string>()
   ) {
+    Log.log(
+      `[FirmwareUpdateV4] DeviceFirmwareUpdateStatus records=${JSON.stringify(statusTargets)}`
+    );
     const failedTarget = statusTargets.find(
       target =>
-        expectedTargetIds.has(target.target_id) &&
-        target.status === PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_FAILED
+        expectedTargetIds.has(normalizeProtocolV2TargetId(target.target_id) ?? -1) &&
+        isProtocolV2TargetStatusFailed(target.status)
     );
     if (failedTarget) {
+      const failedTargetDetails = JSON.stringify({
+        targetId: failedTarget.target_id,
+        status: failedTarget.status,
+        payloadVersion: failedTarget.payload_version,
+        path: failedTarget.path,
+      });
+      Log.error(`[FirmwareUpdateV4] firmware install failed target=${failedTargetDetails}`);
       throw ERRORS.TypedError(
         HardwareErrorCode.FirmwareError,
-        `Protocol V2 firmware target ${failedTarget.target_id} failed`
+        `Protocol V2 firmware target failed: target=${failedTarget.target_id} status=${
+          failedTarget.status ?? 'unknown'
+        } payloadVersion=${failedTarget.payload_version ?? 'unknown'} path=${
+          failedTarget.path ?? 'unknown'
+        }`
       );
     }
 
-    const completedTargets = statusTargets.filter(
-      target =>
-        expectedTargetIds.has(target.target_id) &&
-        target.status === PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_FINISHED
+    const matchingTargets = statusTargets.filter(target =>
+      expectedTargetIds.has(normalizeProtocolV2TargetId(target.target_id) ?? -1)
+    );
+    const seenTargetIds = new Set<number>();
+    for (const target of matchingTargets) {
+      const targetId = normalizeProtocolV2TargetId(target.target_id);
+      if (
+        targetId === undefined ||
+        seenTargetIds.has(targetId) ||
+        (target.path && expectedPaths.get(targetId) && target.path !== expectedPaths.get(targetId))
+      ) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+          `Protocol V2 install status conflicts with target ${target.target_id}`,
+          {
+            firmwareUpdateCode: PROTOCOL_V2_INSTALL_STATUS_CONFLICT_CODE,
+          }
+        );
+      }
+      seenTargetIds.add(targetId);
+    }
+    const completedTargets = matchingTargets.filter(target =>
+      isProtocolV2TargetStatusFinished(target.status)
     );
-    if (completedTargets.length === expectedTargetIds.size && expectedTargetIds.size > 0) {
+    const completedTargetIds = new Set<number>();
+    completedTargets.forEach(target => {
+      const targetId = normalizeProtocolV2TargetId(target.target_id);
+      if (targetId !== undefined) {
+        completedTargetIds.add(targetId);
+      }
+    });
+    if (completedTargetIds.size === expectedTargetIds.size && expectedTargetIds.size > 0) {
+      for (const target of completedTargets) {
+        const targetId = normalizeProtocolV2TargetId(target.target_id);
+        const payloadVersion = toProtocolV2FiniteNumber(target.payload_version);
+        if (targetId === undefined) {
+          throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+            HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+            'Protocol V2 completed target identity is invalid'
+          );
+        }
+        const expectedVersion = this.getExpectedProtocolV2TargetVersion(targetId);
+        if (expectedVersion !== undefined && payloadVersion !== undefined) {
+          if (payloadVersion !== expectedVersion) {
+            throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+              HardwareErrorCode.FirmwareVerificationFailed,
+              `Protocol V2 target ${targetId} reached payload version ${payloadVersion}, expected ${expectedVersion}`
+            );
+          }
+        }
+        if (payloadVersion !== undefined) {
+          this.protocolV2CompletedTargetVersions.set(targetId, payloadVersion);
+        }
+      }
+      this.postProgressMessage(100, 'installingFirmware');
       return true;
     }
 
-    const inProgressTarget = statusTargets.find(
-      target =>
-        expectedTargetIds.has(target.target_id) &&
-        target.status === PROTOCOL_V2_TARGET_STATUS_IN_PROGRESS
-    );
-    if (inProgressTarget) {
-      this.postProgressMessage(99, 'installingFirmware');
+    if (expectedTargetIds.size > 0 && matchingTargets.length > 0) {
+      const hasInProgressTarget = matchingTargets.some(target =>
+        isProtocolV2TargetStatusInProgress(target.status)
+      );
+      const completedProgress = Math.floor(
+        (completedTargetIds.size / expectedTargetIds.size) * 100
+      );
+      // The protocol exposes no per-target percentage, so report coarse progress by
+      // completed targets and use 1% once work starts to keep the UI responsive.
+      const progress = Math.min(99, Math.max(completedProgress, hasInProgressTarget ? 1 : 0));
+      this.postProgressMessage(progress, 'installingFirmware');
     }
 
     return false;
   }
 
-  private async waitForProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateComplete(
-    targets: Array<{ target_id: number; path: string }>,
-    startResponse?: ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStartResponse
+  private getProtocolV2MissingTargetIds(
+    statusTargets: ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStatusTarget[],
+    expectedTargetIds: Set<number>
   ) {
-    const expectedTargetIds = new Set(targets.map(target => target.target_id));
-    if (startResponse?.type === 'Success') {
-      return;
-    }
-    if (startResponse?.type === 'DevFirmwareUpdateStatus') {
-      const statusTargets = (startResponse.message.targets ??
-        []) as ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStatusTarget[];
-      if (this.assertProtocolV2TargetStatus(statusTargets, expectedTargetIds)) {
-        return;
+    const reportedTargetIds = new Set<number>();
+    statusTargets.forEach(target => {
+      const targetId = normalizeProtocolV2TargetId(target.target_id);
+      if (targetId !== undefined) {
+        reportedTargetIds.add(targetId);
       }
-    }
+    });
+    return Array.from(expectedTargetIds).filter(targetId => !reportedTargetIds.has(targetId));
+  }
 
+  private async waitForProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateComplete(
+    targets: Array<{ target_id: number; path: string }>
+  ) {
+    this.protocolV2FinalStatusVerified = false;
+    const expectedTargetIds = new Set(targets.map(target => target.target_id));
+    const expectedPaths = new Map(targets.map(target => [target.target_id, target.path]));
     const startTime = Date.now();
     let lastError: unknown;
+    let shouldReconnect = true;
+    let deviceInfo: ProtocolV2DeviceInfo | undefined;
+    let missingTargetStatusSince: number | undefined;
+    let missingTargetStatusKey: string | undefined;
+    const resetMissingTargetStatusGrace = () => {
+      missingTargetStatusSince = undefined;
+      missingTargetStatusKey = undefined;
+    };
 
     while (Date.now() - startTime < PROTOCOL_V2_INSTALL_TIMEOUT) {
       try {
-        const statusRes = await this.queryProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStatus();
-        const statusTargets = (statusRes.message.targets ??
-          []) as ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStatusTarget[];
-        if (this.assertProtocolV2TargetStatus(statusTargets, expectedTargetIds)) {
-          return;
-        }
-      } catch (error) {
-        lastError = error;
-        if (error instanceof HardwareError && error.errorCode === HardwareErrorCode.FirmwareError) {
-          throw error;
+        if (shouldReconnect) {
+          await this.reconnectProtocolV2Device();
+          deviceInfo = await this.verifyProtocolV2ReconnectIdentity();
+          shouldReconnect = false;
         }
-        Log.log('Protocol V2 firmware install status polling failed: ', error);
-        if (isProtocolV2PollingTransientError(error)) {
-          try {
-            await this.reconnectProtocolV2Device();
-          } catch (reconnectError) {
-            lastError = reconnectError;
+        const currentDeviceInfo = deviceInfo;
+        try {
+          const statusResponse = await this.device.getCommands().typedCall(
+            'DeviceFirmwareUpdateStatusGet',
+            'DeviceFirmwareUpdateStatus',
+            {
+              fields: {
+                status: true,
+                payload_version: true,
+                path: true,
+              },
+            },
+            { timeoutMs: PROTOCOL_V2_FIRMWARE_STATUS_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT }
+          );
+          const statusTargets = (statusResponse.message.records ??
+            []) as ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStatusTarget[];
+          if (this.assertProtocolV2TargetStatus(statusTargets, expectedTargetIds, expectedPaths)) {
+            this.protocolV2FinalStatusVerified = true;
+            return;
+          }
+
+          if (
+            statusTargets.length === 0 &&
+            currentDeviceInfo &&
+            (await this.probeProtocolV2NormalMode(currentDeviceInfo))
+          ) {
             Log.log(
-              'Protocol V2 firmware install reconnect/status polling failed: ',
-              reconnectError
+              '[FirmwareUpdateV4] empty firmware status after confirmed App reboot; update complete'
             );
-          }
-          try {
-            await this.pingProtocolV2Device();
-            Log.log('Protocol V2 firmware status unavailable, Ping is ready');
+            this.postProgressMessage(100, 'installingFirmware');
             return;
-          } catch (pingError) {
-            lastError = pingError;
-            Log.log('Protocol V2 firmware install Ping polling failed: ', pingError);
           }
+
+          const missingTargetIds = this.getProtocolV2MissingTargetIds(
+            statusTargets,
+            expectedTargetIds
+          );
+          if (missingTargetIds.length > 0) {
+            const now = Date.now();
+            const missingKey = missingTargetIds.join(',');
+            if (missingTargetStatusSince === undefined || missingTargetStatusKey !== missingKey) {
+              missingTargetStatusSince = now;
+              missingTargetStatusKey = missingKey;
+            } else if (
+              now - missingTargetStatusSince >=
+              PROTOCOL_V2_MISSING_TARGET_STATUS_GRACE_TIMEOUT
+            ) {
+              const reportedTargetIds = statusTargets
+                .map(target => normalizeProtocolV2TargetId(target.target_id))
+                .filter((targetId): targetId is number => targetId !== undefined);
+              throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+                HardwareErrorCode.FirmwareError,
+                `Protocol V2 firmware status is missing requested records: targetIds=${missingKey} reportedTargetIds=${reportedTargetIds.join(
+                  ','
+                )}`
+              );
+            }
+            lastError = new Error(
+              `Protocol V2 firmware status is temporarily missing targetIds=${missingKey}`
+            );
+          } else {
+            resetMissingTargetStatusGrace();
+            lastError = new Error('Protocol V2 firmware targets are still installing');
+          }
+        } catch (error) {
+          if (isProtocolV2TerminalInstallStatusError(error)) {
+            throw error;
+          }
+          // Only consecutive full status dumps can prove that a record is absent.
+          // A reboot or transport interruption starts a fresh grace window.
+          resetMissingTargetStatusGrace();
+          // App firmware does not register DeviceFirmwareUpdateStatusGet. Treat the
+          // missing endpoint as completion only after the runtime probe confirms App mode.
+          if (isProtocolV2FirmwareStatusEndpointUnavailable(error)) {
+            if (!currentDeviceInfo) {
+              throw ERRORS.TypedError(
+                HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
+                'Protocol V2 device identity is unavailable during install polling'
+              );
+            }
+            if (await this.probeProtocolV2NormalMode(currentDeviceInfo)) {
+              Log.log(
+                '[FirmwareUpdateV4] firmware status endpoint unavailable after confirmed App reboot'
+              );
+              this.postProgressMessage(100, 'installingFirmware');
+              return;
+            }
+            lastError = new Error(
+              'Protocol V2 firmware status endpoint is unavailable while the device remains in loader mode'
+            );
+          } else {
+            shouldReconnect = true;
+            deviceInfo = undefined;
+            lastError = error;
+            Log.log(
+              '[FirmwareUpdateV4] DeviceFirmwareUpdateStatusGet unavailable during install: ',
+              error
+            );
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        lastError = error;
+        if (this.isProtocolV2ReconnectIdentityError(error)) {
+          throw error;
+        }
+        if (isProtocolV2TerminalInstallStatusError(error)) {
+          throw error;
         }
+        if (
+          error instanceof HardwareError &&
+          error.params?.firmwareUpdateCode === 'FirmwareInstallStatusUnavailable'
+        ) {
+          throw error;
+        }
+        shouldReconnect = true;
+        deviceInfo = undefined;
+        resetMissingTargetStatusGrace();
+        Log.log('Protocol V2 firmware install device readiness probe failed: ', error);
       }
       await wait(1000);
     }
 
     throw ERRORS.TypedError(
       HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError,
-      `Protocol V2 firmware update status timeout: ${this.normalizeErrorMessage(lastError)}`
+      `Protocol V2 firmware update status not complete within ${
+        PROTOCOL_V2_INSTALL_TIMEOUT / 1000
+      }s: ${this.normalizeErrorMessage(lastError)}`
     );
   }
 
   private async exitProtocolV2BootloaderToNormal() {
-    this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.SwitchFirmwareReconnectDevice);
-    await this.protocolV2Reboot(DevRebootType.Normal);
+    await this.reconnectProtocolV2Device();
+    const deviceInfo = await this.verifyProtocolV2ReconnectIdentity();
+    try {
+      if (await this.probeProtocolV2NormalMode(deviceInfo)) {
+        Log.log('[FirmwareUpdateV4] device already returned to App mode; skip Normal reboot');
+        return;
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      Log.log('[FirmwareUpdateV4] unable to confirm App mode before Normal reboot: ', error);
+    }
+    await this.protocolV2Reboot(DeviceRebootType.Normal);
+    this.protocolV2ExecutionInLoader = false;
+  }
+
+  private async probeProtocolV2NormalMode(deviceInfo: ProtocolV2DeviceInfo) {
+    const features = await this.device.probeProtocolV2RuntimeState(
+      deviceInfo,
+      PROTOCOL_V2_SHORT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT
+    );
+    return features.mode === 'normal' && !features.bootloaderMode;
   }
 
   private async waitForProtocolV2FinalFeatures() {
     const features = await this.waitForProtocolV2ReconnectAndFeatures(
-      PROTOCOL_V2_BOOTLOADER_RECONNECT_TIMEOUT
+      PROTOCOL_V2_FINAL_RECONNECT_TIMEOUT
     );
 
+    return this.getProtocolV2VersionResult(features);
+  }
+
+  private getProtocolV2VersionResult(features: Features) {
     const bootloaderVersion = getDeviceBootloaderVersion(features).join('.');
     const bleVersion = getDeviceBLEFirmwareVersion(features).join('.');
     const firmwareVersion = getDeviceFirmwareVersion(features).join('.');
+    this.protocolV2LatestFinalFeatures = features;
     if (firmwareVersion === '0.0.0') {
       Log.warn(
         'Protocol V2 firmware update finished but app firmware version is still 0.0.0. This is allowed for Pro2 debug BLE-only update flows.'
@@ -590,25 +2840,55 @@ export default class FirmwareUpdateV4 extends FirmwareUpdateBaseMethod<FirmwareU
     };
   }
 
+  private async completeProtocolV2FinalVerification() {
+    if (this.protocolV2ExecutionInLoader || this.isProtocolV2BootloaderMode()) {
+      await this.exitProtocolV2BootloaderToNormal();
+    }
+    const versions = await this.waitForProtocolV2FinalFeatures();
+    this.assertExpectedProtocolV2Versions();
+    this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.FirmwareUpdateCompleted);
+    DevicePool.resetState();
+    return versions;
+  }
+
   private async waitForProtocolV2ReconnectAndFeatures(timeout: number) {
     const startTime = Date.now();
     let lastError: unknown;
+    let shouldReconnect = true;
 
     while (Date.now() - startTime < timeout) {
       try {
-        await this.reconnectProtocolV2Device();
+        if (shouldReconnect) {
+          await this.reconnectProtocolV2Device();
+          shouldReconnect = false;
+        }
         const deviceInfo = await requestProtocolV2DeviceInfo({
           commands: this.device.getCommands(),
-          timeoutMs: PROTOCOL_V2_SHORT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT,
-          // 更新完成判定只需要各 target 版本号；scope 与请求内容保持一致
+          timeoutMs: this.getProtocolV2DeviceInfoTimeout(),
+          // Completion needs target versions only; keep scope aligned with the request.
           request: PROTOCOL_V2_VERSIONS_DEVICE_INFO_REQUEST,
         });
-        return this.device.updateProtocolV2Features(deviceInfo);
+        this.assertProtocolV2DeviceInfoIdentity(deviceInfo);
+        const features = await this.device.probeProtocolV2RuntimeState(
+          deviceInfo,
+          PROTOCOL_V2_SHORT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT
+        );
+        if (features.mode === 'normal' && !features.bootloaderMode) {
+          return features;
+        }
+        lastError = ERRORS.TypedError(
+          HardwareErrorCode.DeviceNotFound,
+          'Protocol V2 device is still in bootloader mode'
+        );
       } catch (error) {
+        if (this.isProtocolV2ReconnectIdentityError(error)) {
+          throw error;
+        }
+        shouldReconnect = true;
         lastError = error;
         Log.log('Protocol V2 normal mode not ready, polling Ping: ', error);
-        await wait(1000);
       }
+      await wait(1000);
     }
 
     throw ERRORS.TypedError(
@@ -628,70 +2908,78 @@ export default class FirmwareUpdateV4 extends FirmwareUpdateBaseMethod<FirmwareU
     const deviceDiff = await this.device.deviceConnector?.enumerate();
     const devicesDescriptor = deviceDiff?.descriptors ?? [];
 
-    const { deviceList } = await DevicePool.getDevices(devicesDescriptor, this.connectId);
-    if (deviceList.length !== 1) {
+    if (
+      DataManager.isBrowserWebUsb(DataManager.getSettings('env')) &&
+      devicesDescriptor.length === 1
+    ) {
+      const descriptor = devicesDescriptor[0];
+      if (!this.protocolV2ExpectedSerialNumber && descriptor.path !== this.protocolV2ExpectedPath) {
+        throw ERRORS.TypedError(HardwareErrorCode.DeviceNotFound);
+      }
+      this.device.updateDescriptor(
+        {
+          ...descriptor,
+          protocolType: PROTOCOL_V2_CONNECT_PROTOCOL,
+        },
+        true
+      );
+      await this.ensureProtocolV2DeviceAcquired();
+      this.device.commands.disposed = false;
+      this.device.getCommands().mainId = this.device.mainId ?? '';
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Reinitialize every USB descriptor so DeviceInfo can provide the physical serial.
+    // Enumeration order is not stable and must never decide the reconnect target.
+    const { deviceList } = await DevicePool.getDevices(devicesDescriptor, undefined, {
+      connectProtocol: PROTOCOL_V2_CONNECT_PROTOCOL,
+    });
+    const expectedSerialNumber = this.protocolV2ExpectedSerialNumber?.trim();
+    const expectedPath = this.protocolV2ExpectedPath?.trim();
+    const reconnectDevice = deviceList.find(candidate => {
+      const candidateSerialNumber = candidate.getCurrentSerialNo?.().trim();
+      if (expectedSerialNumber && candidateSerialNumber) {
+        return candidateSerialNumber === expectedSerialNumber;
+      }
+      return !!expectedPath && candidate.getConnectId() === expectedPath;
+    });
+    if (!reconnectDevice) {
       throw ERRORS.TypedError(HardwareErrorCode.DeviceNotFound);
     }
 
-    this.device.updateFromCache(deviceList[0]);
-    await this.device.acquire();
+    Log.debug(
+      'Protocol V2 firmware reconnect using matched device:',
+      reconnectDevice.getConnectId()
+    );
+    this.device.updateFromCache(reconnectDevice);
+    await this.ensureProtocolV2DeviceAcquired();
     this.device.commands.disposed = false;
     this.device.getCommands().mainId = this.device.mainId ?? '';
   }
 
-  private async protocolV2CommonUpdateProcess({
-    payload,
-    filePath,
-    processedSize,
-    totalSize,
-  }: PROTO.FirmwareUpload & {
-    filePath: string;
-    processedSize?: number;
-    totalSize?: number;
-  }) {
-    const chunkSize = this.getProtocolV2FirmwareChunkSize();
-    let offset = 0;
-    const getUploadProgress = (fileOffset: number) => {
-      if (totalSize !== undefined && processedSize !== undefined) {
-        return Math.min(Math.ceil(((processedSize + fileOffset) / totalSize) * 100), 99);
-      }
-      return Math.min(Math.ceil((fileOffset / payload.byteLength) * 100), 99);
-    };
-
-    while (offset < payload.byteLength) {
-      const chunkEnd = Math.min(offset + chunkSize, payload.byteLength);
-      const chunkLength = chunkEnd - offset;
-      const chunk = payload.slice(offset, chunkEnd);
-      const overwrite = offset === 0;
-      const progress = getUploadProgress(chunkEnd);
-
-      const writeRes = await this.fileWriteWithRetry(
-        filePath,
-        payload.byteLength,
-        offset,
-        chunk,
-        overwrite,
-        progress
-      );
-      const processedByte = Number(writeRes.message.processed_byte);
-      const nextOffset =
-        Number.isFinite(processedByte) && processedByte > offset
-          ? processedByte
-          : offset + chunkLength;
-      if (nextOffset <= offset || nextOffset > payload.byteLength) {
-        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
-          HardwareErrorCode.EmmcFileWriteFirmwareError,
-          `invalid processed_byte ${writeRes.message.processed_byte} for offset ${offset}`
-        );
-      }
-      offset = nextOffset;
-      this.postProgressMessage(getUploadProgress(offset), 'transferData');
+  /**
+   * After acquiring a USB session, polling reuses its command channel. Reacquire only
+   * after reboot or enumeration changes cause hasDeviceAcquire() to become false.
+   */
+  private async ensureProtocolV2DeviceAcquired() {
+    const commands = this.device.getCommands();
+    if (this.device.hasDeviceAcquire() && !commands.disposed) {
+      return;
     }
+    await this.device.acquire(PROTOCOL_V2_CONNECT_PROTOCOL, {
+      throwOnRunPromiseError: true,
+    });
+  }
 
-    return totalSize !== undefined ? (processedSize ?? 0) + payload.byteLength : 0;
+  private isProtocolV2ReconnectIdentityError(error: unknown) {
+    // A serial can be temporarily unavailable while Loader starts, and BLE has no stable path.
+    // Keep polling unless the device explicitly reports a different serial.
+    return this.normalizeErrorMessage(error).includes(
+      'Protocol V2 reconnect physical identity mismatch'
+    );
   }
 
-  private async fileWriteWithRetry(
+  private async fileWriteChunk(
     filePath: string,
     totalFileSize: number,
     offset: number,
@@ -699,9 +2987,11 @@ export default class FirmwareUpdateV4 extends FirmwareUpdateBaseMethod<FirmwareU
     overwrite: boolean,
     progress: number | null
   ): Promise<TypedResponseMessage<'FilesystemFile'>> {
-    const writeFunc = async () => {
-      const typedCall = this.device.getCommands().typedCall.bind(this.device.getCommands());
-      const writeRes = await typedCall('FilesystemFileWrite', 'FilesystemFile', {
+    const typedCall = this.device.getCommands().typedCall.bind(this.device.getCommands());
+    const writeRes = await typedCall(
+      'FilesystemFileWrite',
+      'FilesystemFile',
+      {
         file: {
           path: filePath,
           offset,
@@ -711,45 +3001,32 @@ export default class FirmwareUpdateV4 extends FirmwareUpdateBaseMethod<FirmwareU
         overwrite,
         append: false,
         ui_percentage: progress ?? undefined,
-      });
-      if (writeRes.type !== 'FilesystemFile') {
-        if ((writeRes as any).type === 'CallMethodError') {
-          if (((writeRes as any).message.error ?? '').indexOf(SESSION_ERROR) > -1) {
-            throw ERRORS.TypedError(HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError, SESSION_ERROR);
-          }
-        }
-        throw ERRORS.TypedError(
-          HardwareErrorCode.EmmcFileWriteFirmwareError,
-          'transfer data error'
-        );
+      },
+      {
+        writeWithResponse: false,
+        onWriteCompleted: () => undefined,
       }
-      return writeRes;
-    };
-
-    let retryCount = 10;
-    while (retryCount > 0) {
-      try {
-        const result = await writeFunc();
-        return result;
-      } catch (error) {
-        Log.error(`fileWrite error: `, error);
-        retryCount--;
-        if (retryCount === 0) {
-          throw ERRORS.TypedError(
-            HardwareErrorCode.EmmcFileWriteFirmwareError,
-            'transfer data error'
-          );
-        }
-        const env = DataManager.getSettings('env');
-        if (DataManager.isBleConnect(env)) {
-          await wait(3000);
-          await this.acquireProtocolV2BleDevice();
-          await this.device.initialize();
+    );
+    if (writeRes.type !== 'FilesystemFile') {
+      if ((writeRes as any).type === 'CallMethodError') {
+        if (((writeRes as any).message.error ?? '').indexOf(SESSION_ERROR) > -1) {
+          throw ERRORS.TypedError(HardwareErrorCode.RuntimeError, SESSION_ERROR);
         }
-        await wait(2000);
       }
+      throw ERRORS.TypedError(HardwareErrorCode.EmmcFileWriteFirmwareError, 'transfer data error');
+    }
+    return writeRes;
+  }
+
+  private async recoverProtocolV2FileTransfer() {
+    const env = DataManager.getSettings('env');
+    if (DataManager.isBleConnect(env)) {
+      await wait(3000);
     }
-    throw ERRORS.TypedError(HardwareErrorCode.EmmcFileWriteFirmwareError, 'transfer data error');
+    await this.reconnectProtocolV2Device();
+    await this.verifyProtocolV2ReconnectIdentity();
+    await this.device.initialize();
+    await wait(2000);
   }
 
   private async acquireProtocolV2BleDevice() {
@@ -767,44 +3044,30 @@ export default class FirmwareUpdateV4 extends FirmwareUpdateBaseMethod<FirmwareU
     targets: Array<{ target_id: number; path: string }>;
   }) {
     const commands = this.device.getCommands();
-    let response: ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStartResponse;
-    try {
-      response = await commands.typedCall(
-        'DevFirmwareUpdate',
-        PROTOCOL_V2_FIRMWARE_UPDATE_RESPONSE_TYPES,
-        {
-          targets,
-        },
-        {
-          intermediateTypes: ['DevFirmwareInstallProgress'],
-          onIntermediateResponse: (response: { message?: { progress?: number } }) => {
-            const progress = Number(response.message?.progress);
-            if (Number.isFinite(progress)) {
-              this.postProgressMessage(Math.min(progress, 99), 'installingFirmware');
-            }
-          },
-        }
-      );
-    } catch (error) {
-      if (isProtocolV2DeviceDisconnectedError(error)) {
-        Log.log('Rebooting device');
-      } else {
-        throw error;
-      }
-    }
+    const response: ProtocolV2FirmwareUpdateStartResponse = await commands.typedCall(
+      'DeviceFirmwareUpdateRequest',
+      'Success',
+      { targets },
+      { timeoutMs: PROTOCOL_V2_START_UPDATE_TIMEOUT }
+    );
+    // Success acknowledges that the device accepted installation. End confirmation
+    // and begin status polling only after receiving this ACK.
     this.postTipMessage(FirmwareUpdateTipMessage.FirmwareUpdating);
+    this.postProgressMessage(0, 'installingFirmware');
     return response;
   }
 
-  private async protocolV2Reboot(rebootType: DevRebootType) {
+  private async protocolV2Reboot(rebootType: DeviceRebootType) {
     const typedCall = this.device.getCommands().typedCall.bind(this.device.getCommands());
     try {
-      const res = await typedCall('DevReboot', 'Success', {
+      const res = await typedCall('DeviceReboot', 'Success', {
         reboot_type: rebootType,
       });
+      this.device.markProtocolV2Reboot(rebootType);
       return res.message;
     } catch (error) {
       if (isProtocolV2DeviceDisconnectedError(error) || isProtocolV2ReconnectProbeError(error)) {
+        this.device.markProtocolV2Reboot(rebootType);
         return { message: 'Device rebooted successfully' };
       }
       throw error;