@oh-my-pi/pi-tui 18.1.22 → 18.2.0

package/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,18 @@
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [18.2.0] - 2026-09-15
+
+### Added
+
+- Added `Editor.textRevision` for content-dependent render caches, including undo and draft restoration.
+- Added collapseToAtom method to compress text spans into UI-friendly atoms
+
+### Changed
+
+- Redrawing unchanged terminal rows now avoids rescanning ANSI, hyperlinks, and images.
+- Terminal UIs reach their first frame with a smaller startup module graph.
+
 ## [18.1.17] - 2026-09-10
 
 ### Added

package/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES.txt

@@ -10843,7 +10843,7 @@ RUST RUNTIME DEPENDENCY LICENSES
 
 Generated from Cargo.lock by cargo-about 0.8.2 in locked, offline, workspace, all-feature, all-target mode, then restricted using cargo metadata to normal and build edges reachable from the workspace (development-only edges are excluded). cargo-deny independently evaluates the complete all-target graph.
 
-Native Opus (audiopus/audiopus_sys) and PCRE2 (pcre2/pcre2-sys) are covered by the exact crate license payloads below. inferno 0.12.8 is package-scoped as CDDL-1.0: its CDDL-covered source remains available in the locked crates.io source archive at https://crates.io/crates/inferno/0.12.8 and https://github.com/jonhoo/inferno. The full locked license text follows below.
+Native Opus (opus/opusic-sys) and PCRE2 (pcre2/pcre2-sys) are covered by the exact crate license payloads below. inferno 0.12.8 is package-scoped as CDDL-1.0: its CDDL-covered source remains available in the locked crates.io source archive at https://crates.io/crates/inferno/0.12.8 and https://github.com/jonhoo/inferno. The full locked license text follows below.
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License: Apache License 2.0 (Apache-2.0)
@@ -12509,6 +12509,58 @@ CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+License: BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License (BSD-3-Clause)
+Used by:
+- opusic-sys 0.7.5 (https://github.com/DoumanAsh/opusic-sys)
+
+Full license text:
+
+Copyright 2001-2023 Xiph.Org, Skype Limited, Octasic,
+                    Jean-Marc Valin, Timothy B. Terriberry,
+                    CSIRO, Gregory Maxwell, Mark Borgerding,
+                    Erik de Castro Lopo, Mozilla, Amazon
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+- Neither the name of Internet Society, IETF or IETF Trust, nor the
+names of specific contributors, may be used to endorse or promote
+products derived from this software without specific prior written
+permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
+OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+Opus is subject to the royalty-free patent licenses which are
+specified at:
+
+Xiph.Org Foundation:
+https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/1524/
+
+Microsoft Corporation:
+https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/1914/
+
+Broadcom Corporation:
+https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/1526/
+
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License: BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License (BSD-3-Clause)
 Used by:
@@ -13290,29 +13342,6 @@ jurisdiction of the Federal Courts of the Northern District of
 California and the state courts of the State of California, with
 venue lying in Santa Clara County, California.
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-License: ISC License (ISC)
-Used by:
-- audiopus_sys 0.2.2 (https://github.com/lakelezz/audiopus_sys.git)
-
-Full license text:
-
-ISC License
-
-Copyright (c) 2019, Lakelezz
-
-Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
-purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
-copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
-WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
-MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
-ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
-WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
-ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
-OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License: ISC License (ISC)
 Used by:
@@ -18734,7 +18763,7 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 License: MIT License (MIT)
 Used by:
-- opus 0.3.1 (https://github.com/SpaceManiac/opus-rs)
+- opus 0.4.0 (https://github.com/SpaceManiac/opus-rs)
 
 Full license text:
 

package/dist/types/components/editor.d.ts

@@ -196,6 +196,8 @@ export declare class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
     render(width: number): readonly string[];
     handleInput(data: string): void;
     getText(): string;
+    /** Monotonic buffer-content revision for render caches. Cursor-only movement does not advance it. */
+    get textRevision(): number;
     /** Whether the buffer text equals `value`, without `getText()`'s full join —
      *  O(1) for the hot per-keystroke probes against short single-line values. */
     textEquals(value: string): boolean;
@@ -206,6 +208,10 @@ export declare class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
      *  to `expansion` on submit. Pair with {@link atomicTokenPattern} so the label deletes as a
      *  unit. */
     insertAtom(label: string, expansion: string): void;
+    /** Collapse the typed span `[start, end)` on `line` into the atom `label` (expanding back
+     *  to `expansion` on submit). A cursor at or past the span keeps its position relative to
+     *  the span end; a cursor inside it lands after the label. */
+    collapseToAtom(line: number, start: number, end: number, label: string, expansion: string): void;
     /** Drop every registered atom expansion (draft cleared or replaced by the host). */
     clearAtoms(): void;
     /**

package/dist/types/terminal-capabilities.d.ts

@@ -45,6 +45,12 @@ export declare class TerminalInfo {
      * reconstructing positional constructor args.
      */
     clone(): RuntimeTerminal;
+    /**
+     * Whether an image marker begins at `start`. Kept as the shared primitive
+     * for both standalone image checks and the renderer's combined ANSI/width
+     * scan, so their protocol windows and sixel grammar cannot drift.
+     */
+    hasImageMarkerAt(line: string, start: number): boolean;
     isImageLine(line: string): boolean;
     formatNotification(message: string | TerminalNotification): string;
     sendNotification(message: string | TerminalNotification): void;

package/package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
 	"type": "module",
 	"name": "@oh-my-pi/pi-tui",
-	"version": "18.1.22",
+	"version": "18.2.0",
 	"description": "Terminal User Interface library with differential rendering for efficient text-based applications",
 	"homepage": "https://omp.sh",
 	"author": "Stencil Labs, Inc.",
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@
 		"fmt": "oxfmt --no-error-on-unmatched-pattern 'src/**/*.{ts,tsx}' '{test,bench,examples,scripts}/**/*.ts' '*.ts'"
 	},
 	"dependencies": {
-		"@oh-my-pi/pi-natives": "18.1.22",
-		"@oh-my-pi/pi-utils": "18.1.22"
+		"@oh-my-pi/pi-natives": "18.2.0",
+		"@oh-my-pi/pi-utils": "18.2.0"
 	},
 	"devDependencies": {
 		"kitty-vt-wasm": "^0.2.0"

package/src/components/editor.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import { getProjectDir, logger } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils";
+import { getProjectDir } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils/dirs";
+import * as logger from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils/logger";
 import {
 	type AutocompleteItem,
 	type AutocompleteProvider,
@@ -630,6 +631,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 	onSubmit?: (text: string) => void | Promise<void>;
 	onAltEnter?: (text: string) => void;
 	onChange?: (text: string) => void;
+	#textRevision = 0;
 	/** Called for a "marker-sized" paste — the point where the editor would otherwise collapse it
 	 *  into a `[Paste #N]` token (> 10 lines or > 1000 characters). Return `true` to intercept:
 	 *  the editor inserts nothing and records no undo state, leaving insertion to the host (e.g. a
@@ -962,9 +964,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 			this.#state.cursorLine = this.#state.lines.length - 1;
 			this.#setCursorCol(this.#state.lines[this.#state.cursorLine]?.length || 0);
 		}
-		if (this.onChange) {
-			this.onChange(this.getText());
-		}
+		this.#notifyChange();
 	}
 
 	invalidate(): void {
@@ -1661,9 +1661,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 						this.#cancelAutocomplete();
 						this.onAutocompleteUpdate?.();
 
-						if (this.onChange) {
-							this.onChange(this.getText());
-						}
+						this.#notifyChange();
 
 						result.onApplied?.();
 
@@ -1737,9 +1735,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 							this.#cancelAutocomplete();
 							this.onAutocompleteUpdate?.();
 
-							if (this.onChange) {
-								this.onChange(this.getText());
-							}
+							this.#notifyChange();
 
 							result.onApplied?.();
 							if (shouldChainDirectoryCompletion) {
@@ -2168,7 +2164,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 	#afterVimEdit(): void {
 		this.#historyIndex = -1;
 		this.#resetKillSequence();
-		this.onChange?.(this.getText());
+		this.#notifyChange();
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -2389,6 +2385,16 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 		return this.#state.lines.join("\n");
 	}
 
+	/** Monotonic buffer-content revision for render caches. Cursor-only movement does not advance it. */
+	get textRevision(): number {
+		return this.#textRevision;
+	}
+
+	#notifyChange(text?: string): void {
+		this.#textRevision++;
+		this.onChange?.(text ?? this.getText());
+	}
+
 	/** Whether the buffer text equals `value`, without `getText()`'s full join —
 	 *  O(1) for the hot per-keystroke probes against short single-line values. */
 	textEquals(value: string): boolean {
@@ -2437,6 +2443,24 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 		});
 	}
 
+	/** Collapse the typed span `[start, end)` on `line` into the atom `label` (expanding back
+	 *  to `expansion` on submit). A cursor at or past the span keeps its position relative to
+	 *  the span end; a cursor inside it lands after the label. */
+	collapseToAtom(line: number, start: number, end: number, label: string, expansion: string): void {
+		const text = this.#state.lines[line];
+		if (text === undefined || start < 0 || end > text.length || start >= end) return;
+		this.#resetKillSequence();
+		this.#recordUndoState();
+		this.registerAtom(label, expansion);
+		this.#state.lines[line] = text.slice(0, start) + label + text.slice(end);
+		if (this.#state.cursorLine === line && this.#state.cursorCol > start) {
+			const col = this.#state.cursorCol;
+			this.#setCursorCol(col >= end ? col - (end - start) + label.length : start + label.length);
+		}
+		this.#lastAction = null;
+		this.#notifyChange();
+	}
+
 	/** Drop every registered atom expansion (draft cleared or replaced by the host). */
 	clearAtoms(): void {
 		this.#atoms.clear();
@@ -2517,9 +2541,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 		}
 
 		if (this.#undoStack.length === 0) {
-			if (this.onChange) {
-				this.onChange(this.getText());
-			}
+			this.#notifyChange();
 			return;
 		}
 
@@ -2566,9 +2588,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 			line.slice(0, this.#state.cursorCol - removable) + line.slice(this.#state.cursorCol);
 		this.#setCursorCol(this.#state.cursorCol - removable);
 		this.#lastAction = null;
-		if (this.onChange) {
-			this.onChange(this.getText());
-		}
+		this.#notifyChange();
 	}
 
 	/** Code units of the current volatile speech-to-text preview (see {@link setVolatileText}). */
@@ -2585,7 +2605,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 			if (text) this.#insertTextAtCursor(text);
 		});
 		this.#volatileTextLen = text.length;
-		if (!text && this.onChange) this.onChange(this.getText());
+		if (!text) this.#notifyChange();
 	}
 
 	/** Remove the current volatile preview without committing it. */
@@ -2593,7 +2613,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 		if (this.#volatileTextLen === 0) return;
 		this.#withUndoSuspended(() => this.#deleteCharsBeforeCursor(this.#volatileTextLen));
 		this.#volatileTextLen = 0;
-		if (this.onChange) this.onChange(this.getText());
+		this.#notifyChange();
 	}
 
 	/** Drop any volatile preview, then insert `text` as a single undoable edit. */
@@ -2602,7 +2622,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 		this.#withUndoSuspended(() => this.#deleteCharsBeforeCursor(this.#volatileTextLen));
 		this.#volatileTextLen = 0;
 		if (text) this.#insertTextAtCursor(text);
-		else if (this.onChange) this.onChange(this.getText());
+		else this.#notifyChange();
 	}
 
 	/** Delete `count` UTF-16 code units immediately before the cursor, crossing line
@@ -2662,7 +2682,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 		const after = line.slice(this.#state.cursorCol);
 		this.#state.lines[this.#state.cursorLine] = before + replacement.insert + after;
 		this.#setCursorCol(before.length + replacement.insert.length);
-		this.onChange?.(this.getText());
+		this.#notifyChange();
 		if (this.#autocompleteState) {
 			this.#cancelAutocomplete();
 			this.onAutocompleteUpdate?.();
@@ -2688,9 +2708,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 		this.#state.lines[this.#state.cursorLine] = before + char + after;
 		this.#setCursorCol(this.#state.cursorCol + char.length);
 
-		if (this.onChange) {
-			this.onChange(this.getText());
-		}
+		this.#notifyChange();
 
 		// Synchronous inline replacement (e.g. emoji shortcodes `:joy:` → 😂).
 		// Runs before autocomplete trigger so the popup doesn't briefly chase a
@@ -2899,9 +2917,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 		this.#state.cursorLine++;
 		this.#setCursorCol(0);
 
-		if (this.onChange) {
-			this.onChange(this.getText());
-		}
+		this.#notifyChange();
 	}
 
 	#shouldSubmitOnBackslashEnter(data: string, kb: KeybindingsManager): boolean {
@@ -2926,7 +2942,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 		this.#scrollOffset = 0;
 		this.#undoStack.length = 0;
 
-		if (this.onChange) this.onChange("");
+		this.#notifyChange("");
 		if (this.onSubmit) this.onSubmit(result);
 	}
 
@@ -3029,9 +3045,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 			this.#setCursorCol(previousLine.length);
 		}
 
-		if (this.onChange) {
-			this.onChange(this.getText());
-		}
+		this.#notifyChange();
 
 		// Update or re-trigger autocomplete after backspace
 		if (this.#autocompleteState) {
@@ -3205,9 +3219,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 		this.#preferredVisualCol = null;
 		Object.assign(this.#state, snapshot);
 
-		if (this.onChange) {
-			this.onChange(this.getText());
-		}
+		this.#notifyChange();
 
 		if (this.#autocompleteState) {
 			this.#debouncedUpdateAutocomplete();
@@ -3295,9 +3307,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 			this.#setCursorCol((lines[lines.length - 1] || "").length);
 		}
 
-		if (this.onChange) {
-			this.onChange(this.getText());
-		}
+		this.#notifyChange();
 		this.#retriggerAutocompleteAtCursor();
 	}
 
@@ -3402,9 +3412,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 
 		this.#recordKill(deletedText, "backward");
 
-		if (this.onChange) {
-			this.onChange(this.getText());
-		}
+		this.#notifyChange();
 		this.#retriggerAutocompleteAtCursor();
 	}
 
@@ -3434,9 +3442,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 
 		this.#recordKill(deletedText, "forward");
 
-		if (this.onChange) {
-			this.onChange(this.getText());
-		}
+		this.#notifyChange();
 		this.#retriggerAutocompleteAtCursor();
 	}
 
@@ -3469,9 +3475,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 			this.#recordKill(deletedText, "backward");
 		}
 
-		if (this.onChange) {
-			this.onChange(this.getText());
-		}
+		this.#notifyChange();
 		this.#retriggerAutocompleteAtCursor();
 	}
 
@@ -3501,9 +3505,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 			this.#recordKill(deletedText, "forward");
 		}
 
-		if (this.onChange) {
-			this.onChange(this.getText());
-		}
+		this.#notifyChange();
 		this.#retriggerAutocompleteAtCursor();
 	}
 
@@ -3541,9 +3543,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 			this.#state.lines.splice(this.#state.cursorLine + 1, 1);
 		}
 
-		if (this.onChange) {
-			this.onChange(this.getText());
-		}
+		this.#notifyChange();
 
 		// Update or re-trigger autocomplete after forward delete
 		if (this.#autocompleteState) {
@@ -4023,7 +4023,7 @@ export class Editor implements Component, Focusable {
 		this.#lastAction = null;
 		this.#cancelAutocomplete();
 		this.onAutocompleteUpdate?.();
-		this.onChange?.(this.getText());
+		this.#notifyChange();
 	}
 	async #handleSlashCommandCompletion(): Promise<void> {
 		await this.#tryTriggerAutocomplete();

package/src/terminal-capabilities.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { encodeSixel } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-natives";
-import { $env, isBunTestRuntime, isTerminalHeadless, isWsl } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils";
+import { $env, isBunTestRuntime, isTerminalHeadless, isWsl } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils/env";
 import { sendDesktopNotification, shouldDeliverDesktopNotification } from "./desktop-notify";
 import {
 	detectKittyUnicodePlaceholdersSupport,
@@ -126,30 +126,10 @@ function sendHerdrNotification(message: string | TerminalNotification, env: Node
 	return true;
 }
 
-function hasNeedleBefore(line: string, needle: string, limit: number): boolean {
-	const index = line.indexOf(needle);
-	return index !== -1 && index + needle.length <= limit;
-}
-
-function hasSixelDcsStart(line: string): boolean {
-	const limit = Math.min(line.length, 128);
-	let from = 0;
-	for (;;) {
-		const start = line.indexOf("\x1bP", from);
-		if (start === -1 || start + 3 > limit) return false;
-		let i = start + 2;
-		while (i < limit) {
-			const code = line.charCodeAt(i);
-			if ((code >= 0x30 && code <= 0x39) || code === 0x3b) {
-				i++;
-				continue;
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-		if (i < limit && line.charCodeAt(i) === 0x71) return true;
-		from = start + 2;
-	}
-}
+const IMAGE_MARKER_SCAN_LIMIT = 512;
+const SIXEL_MARKER_SCAN_LIMIT = 128;
+const KITTY_PLACEHOLDER_HIGH_SURROGATE = KITTY_PLACEHOLDER.charCodeAt(0);
+const KITTY_PLACEHOLDER_LOW_SURROGATE = KITTY_PLACEHOLDER.charCodeAt(1);
 
 /** Terminal capability details used for rendering and protocol selection. */
 export class TerminalInfo {
@@ -181,18 +161,56 @@ export class TerminalInfo {
 		return Object.assign(Object.create(TerminalInfo.prototype), this) as RuntimeTerminal;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Whether an image marker begins at `start`. Kept as the shared primitive
+	 * for both standalone image checks and the renderer's combined ANSI/width
+	 * scan, so their protocol windows and sixel grammar cannot drift.
+	 */
+	hasImageMarkerAt(line: string, start: number): boolean {
+		const protocol = this.imageProtocol;
+		if (!protocol) return false;
+		if (protocol === ImageProtocol.Sixel) {
+			const limit = Math.min(line.length, SIXEL_MARKER_SCAN_LIMIT);
+			if (start + 3 > limit || line.charCodeAt(start) !== 0x1b || line.charCodeAt(start + 1) !== 0x50) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			let i = start + 2;
+			while (i < limit) {
+				const code = line.charCodeAt(i);
+				if ((code >= 0x30 && code <= 0x39) || code === 0x3b) {
+					i++;
+					continue;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+			return i < limit && line.charCodeAt(i) === 0x71;
+		}
+
+		const limit = Math.min(line.length, IMAGE_MARKER_SCAN_LIMIT);
+		let protocolMatches = start + protocol.length <= limit;
+		for (let offset = 0; protocolMatches && offset < protocol.length; offset++) {
+			protocolMatches = line.charCodeAt(start + offset) === protocol.charCodeAt(offset);
+		}
+		return (
+			protocolMatches ||
+			(start + 2 <= limit &&
+				line.charCodeAt(start) === KITTY_PLACEHOLDER_HIGH_SURROGATE &&
+				line.charCodeAt(start + 1) === KITTY_PLACEHOLDER_LOW_SURROGATE)
+		);
+	}
+
 	isImageLine(line: string): boolean {
 		if (!this.imageProtocol) return false;
-		if (this.imageProtocol === ImageProtocol.Sixel) {
-			return hasSixelDcsStart(line);
+		const limit = Math.min(
+			line.length,
+			this.imageProtocol === ImageProtocol.Sixel ? SIXEL_MARKER_SCAN_LIMIT : IMAGE_MARKER_SCAN_LIMIT,
+		);
+		for (let i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
+			const code = line.charCodeAt(i);
+			if (code !== 0x1b && code !== KITTY_PLACEHOLDER_HIGH_SURROGATE) continue;
+			if (this.hasImageMarkerAt(line, i)) return true;
 		}
-		// 512-unit window: placeholder cells can sit deep in a composed row —
-		// the composer attachment band prefixes each thumbnail row with border
-		// SGRs and stacks cards side by side, so the first placeholder of a
-		// later card starts hundreds of units in. Rows past the window would
-		// silently lose the verbatim image-line path (no truncation, no SGR
-		// coalescing) that placeholder grids and placement APCs rely on.
-		return hasNeedleBefore(line, this.imageProtocol, 512) || hasNeedleBefore(line, KITTY_PLACEHOLDER, 512);
+		return false;
 	}
 
 	formatNotification(message: string | TerminalNotification): string {

package/src/terminal.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
 import { dlopen, FFIType, ptr } from "bun:ffi";
 import * as fs from "node:fs";
 import { TtyWriter } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-natives";
-import {
-	$env,
-	isBunTestRuntime,
-	isTerminalHeadless,
-	isWsl,
-	logger,
-	postmortem,
-	restoreTerminalStderr,
-	suppressTerminalStderr,
-} from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils";
+import { $env, isBunTestRuntime, isTerminalHeadless, isWsl } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils/env";
+import * as logger from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils/logger";
+import * as postmortem from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils/postmortem";
+import { restoreTerminalStderr, suppressTerminalStderr } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils/stderr-guard";
 import { setKittyProtocolActive } from "./keys";
 import { StdinBuffer } from "./stdin-buffer";
 import {

package/src/tui.ts

@@ -14,10 +14,14 @@
  */
 import * as fs from "node:fs";
 import { performance } from "node:perf_hooks";
-import { $flag, getDebugLogPath, logger, postmortem } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils";
+import { getDebugLogPath } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils/dirs";
+import { $flag } from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils/env";
+import * as logger from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils/logger";
+import * as postmortem from "@oh-my-pi/pi-utils/postmortem";
 import { DEFAULT_MAX_INLINE_IMAGES, ImageBudget } from "./components/image";
 import { TuiDebugServer } from "./debug-server";
 import { isKeyRelease, matchesKey } from "./keys";
+import { KITTY_PLACEHOLDER } from "./kitty-graphics";
 import { LoopWatchdog } from "./loop-watchdog";
 import { STDOUT_BACKLOG_CLEAR_BYTES, setAltScreenActive, type Terminal } from "./terminal";
 import {
@@ -38,6 +42,7 @@ import {
 import {
 	Ellipsis,
 	extractSegments,
+	getWidthConfigEpoch,
 	isOsc66Line,
 	normalizeTerminalOutput,
 	osc66MaxScale,
@@ -522,7 +527,24 @@ interface HardwareCursorState {
 interface PreparedLine {
 	raw: string;
 	width: number;
+	widthEpoch: number;
+	imageProtocol: ImageProtocol | null;
 	line: string;
+	terminalContent: string;
+	asciiWidth: number | undefined;
+	isImage: boolean;
+	hasOsc8: boolean;
+}
+
+interface PreparedLines {
+	lines: string[];
+	rows: PreparedLine[];
+}
+
+interface LineClassification {
+	asciiWidth: number | undefined;
+	isImage: boolean;
+	hasOsc8: boolean;
 }
 
 // SGR coalescing. The renderer's component tree emits a styled span as
@@ -538,10 +560,14 @@ interface PreparedLine {
 // must process. On by default; `PI_NO_SGR_COALESCE=1` disables it.
 const SGR_COALESCE_ENABLED = !$flag("PI_NO_SGR_COALESCE");
 const CC_ESC = 0x1b;
+const CC_KITTY_PLACEHOLDER_HIGH = KITTY_PLACEHOLDER.charCodeAt(0);
 const CC_BRACKET = 0x5b; // [
 const CC_M = 0x6d; // m
 const CC_SEMI = 0x3b; // ;
 const CC_COLON = 0x3a; // :
+const ANSI_TEXT = 0;
+const ANSI_CSI = 1;
+const ANSI_OSC = 2;
 // Max parameter tokens per emitted merged SGR. Kept well under xterm.js's
 // 32-param cap (and the tighter limits of some real terminals) so a long
 // adjacent run is split into several valid CSIs instead of overflowing one.
@@ -726,7 +752,11 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 	#cprColumnTags = new Map<number, number>();
 	#cprProbeSeq = 0;
 	// Prepared rows painted by the previous provider frame, for row diffing.
+	// The structured sidecar owns classification/coalescing results for reuse;
+	// #providerWindow remains the exact normalized string projection used by
+	// the established differential comparison and resize accounting.
 	#providerWindow: string[] = [];
+	#providerPreparedRows: PreparedLine[] = [];
 	#previousFrameLength = 0;
 	#previousWidth = 0;
 	#previousHeight = 0;
@@ -839,6 +869,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 	/** Product-owned probe for opt-in normal-buffer click capture (`tui.mouse`). Read every frame. */
 	#inlineMouseProvider: (() => boolean) | undefined;
 	#altPreviousLines: string[] = [];
+	#altPreparedRows: PreparedLine[] = [];
 	#altEnterWidth = 0;
 	#altEnterHeight = 0;
 	#resizeAltActive = false;
@@ -886,6 +917,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 	setFrameProvider(provider: TerminalFrameProvider | undefined): void {
 		this.#frameProvider = provider;
 		this.#providerWindow = [];
+		this.#providerPreparedRows = [];
 		this.#resizeReplaySize = undefined;
 		this.requestRender(true);
 	}
@@ -1415,6 +1447,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 			this.#resizeAltActive = true;
 			setAltScreenActive(true);
 			this.#altPreviousLines = [];
+			this.#altPreparedRows = [];
 			this.#forgetHardwareCursorState();
 			this.#recordHardwareCursorHidden();
 			// Blank the live region up front so a reflow-driven scroll can only push
@@ -1435,6 +1468,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 				// viewport top and overwrite visible committed rows.
 				this.#resizeProbeOffset = 0;
 				this.#providerWindow = [];
+				this.#providerPreparedRows = [];
 				this.#parkedViewportOffset = 0;
 			}
 			if (this.#hasEverRendered && this.#providerWindow.length > 0 && isInsideTerminalMultiplexer()) {
@@ -1446,6 +1480,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 				// settled repaint overwrites the live region at the clip-model anchor
 				// and erases below it, race-free after the quiet window.
 				this.#providerWindow = [];
+				this.#providerPreparedRows = [];
 				this.#parkedViewportOffset = 0;
 			}
 			this.#noteAltBufferToggle();
@@ -1461,6 +1496,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 			this.terminal.write(`${this.#keyboardEnhancementExit()}\x1b[?1049l`);
 			setAltScreenActive(false);
 			this.#altPreviousLines = [];
+			this.#altPreparedRows = [];
 			this.#beginResizeAnchorProbe();
 		}, TUI.#RESIZE_VIEWPORT_SETTLE_MS);
 		this.requestRender(true);
@@ -1658,7 +1694,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 		} while (this.#imageBudget.endPass());
 		const viewport = rendered.length > height ? rendered.slice(rendered.length - height) : Array.from(rendered);
 		this.#extractCursorMarkers(viewport);
-		this.#emitAltFrame(this.#prepareLinesArray(viewport, width), width, height);
+		this.#emitAltFrame(this.#prepareLinesArray(viewport, width, this.#altPreparedRows, height), width, height);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -1883,6 +1919,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 			this.#altActive = false;
 			this.#mouseTracking = "off";
 			this.#altPreviousLines = [];
+			this.#altPreparedRows = [];
 			this.#pendingAltExit = "";
 		} else if (this.#mouseTracking !== "off") {
 			// Inline capture with no overlay: still owned by us at quit, so
@@ -2509,10 +2546,8 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 		});
 	}
 
-	#terminalLine(line: string, screenRow = -1, frameRow = -1, committedTo = -1): string {
-		if (TERMINAL.isImageLine(line)) return this.#imageLineSequence(line, screenRow, frameRow, committedTo);
-		const coalesced = coalesceAdjacentSgr(line);
-		return coalesced + (line.includes("\x1b]8;") ? LINE_TERMINATOR : SEGMENT_RESET);
+	#terminalLine(line: PreparedLine): string {
+		return line.terminalContent + (line.hasOsc8 ? LINE_TERMINATOR : SEGMENT_RESET);
 	}
 	#renderProviderFrame(width: number, height: number): void {
 		const provider = this.#frameProvider;
@@ -2659,9 +2694,9 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 			}
 		}
 		const markers = this.#extractCursorMarkers(viewport);
-		const prepared = this.#prepareLinesArray(viewport, width);
+		const prepared = this.#prepareLinesArray(viewport, width, this.#providerPreparedRows);
 		const preparedHistory = this.#prepareLinesArray(historyRows, width);
-		const rows = prepared.length;
+		const rows = prepared.lines.length;
 		// Destructive reset (session replace, /tree, explicit clear, or a settled
 		// resize in rebuild mode): erase native history and the viewport,
 		// then repaint from row zero.
@@ -2669,6 +2704,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 		if (destructiveReset) {
 			this.#providerViewportTop = 0;
 			this.#providerWindow = [];
+			this.#providerPreparedRows = [];
 		}
 		// The viewport stays anchored directly below whatever history remains on
 		// screen. Appending K history rows moves the anchor down by K; the write
@@ -2709,14 +2745,23 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 			this.#providerWindow.length > 0;
 		if (diffable) {
 			for (let index = 0; index < rows; index++) {
-				if (this.#providerWindow[index] === prepared[index]) continue;
+				const previous = this.#providerPreparedRows[index];
+				const current = prepared.rows[index]!;
+				if (
+					this.#providerWindow[index] === prepared.lines[index] &&
+					previous !== undefined &&
+					previous.widthEpoch === current.widthEpoch &&
+					previous.imageProtocol === current.imageProtocol
+				) {
+					continue;
+				}
 				buffer += `\x1b[${newTop + index + 1};1H${this.#lineRewriteSequence(
-					prepared[index] ?? "",
+					current,
 					width,
 					newTop + index,
 					-1,
 					-1,
-					this.#osc66SpacerGlyphWidth(prepared, index),
+					this.#osc66SpacerGlyphWidth(prepared.lines, index),
 				)}`;
 			}
 			if (this.#providerWindow.length > rows && newTop + rows < height) {
@@ -2728,40 +2773,41 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 			// old viewport are committed history (correct to push), but old live
 			// viewport rows are not — erase them first so a scroll can only push
 			// committed rows and blanks, never an unfinished frame.
-			const pushed = Math.max(0, startTop + preparedHistory.length + rows - height);
+			const pushed = Math.max(0, startTop + preparedHistory.lines.length + rows - height);
 			if (pushed > this.#providerViewportTop && this.#providerWindow.length > 0) {
 				buffer += this.#eraseBelowRow(this.#providerViewportTop, height);
 			}
 			buffer += `\x1b[${startTop + 1};1H`;
 			let screenRow = startTop;
-			for (let index = 0; index < preparedHistory.length; index++) {
+			for (let index = 0; index < preparedHistory.lines.length; index++) {
 				if (screenRow > startTop) buffer += "\r\n";
 				buffer += this.#lineRewriteSequence(
-					preparedHistory[index] ?? "",
+					preparedHistory.rows[index]!,
 					width,
 					Math.min(screenRow, height - 1),
 					-1,
 					-1,
-					this.#osc66SpacerGlyphWidth(preparedHistory, index),
+					this.#osc66SpacerGlyphWidth(preparedHistory.lines, index),
 				);
 				screenRow++;
 			}
 			for (let index = 0; index < rows; index++) {
 				if (screenRow > startTop) buffer += "\r\n";
 				buffer += this.#lineRewriteSequence(
-					prepared[index] ?? "",
+					prepared.rows[index]!,
 					width,
 					Math.min(screenRow, height - 1),
 					-1,
 					-1,
-					this.#osc66SpacerGlyphWidth(prepared, index),
+					this.#osc66SpacerGlyphWidth(prepared.lines, index),
 				);
 				screenRow++;
 			}
 			if (newTop + rows < height) buffer += `\x1b[${newTop + rows + 1};1H\x1b[J`;
 		}
 		const mutableTop = newTop + replayViewportRows;
-		const mutablePrepared = replayViewportRows > 0 ? prepared.slice(replayViewportRows) : prepared;
+		const mutablePreparedLines = replayViewportRows > 0 ? prepared.lines.slice(replayViewportRows) : prepared.lines;
+		const mutablePreparedRows = replayViewportRows > 0 ? prepared.rows.slice(replayViewportRows) : prepared.rows;
 		const marker = markers[0];
 		const target =
 			marker !== undefined && rows > 0
@@ -2780,7 +2826,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 		buffer += this.#paintEndSequence;
 		this.terminal.write(buffer);
 		this.#debugPaint = {
-			lines: prepared,
+			lines: prepared.lines,
 			windowTop: this.#debugNextWindowTop,
 			altScreen: false,
 			...(target === null ? {} : { cursor: { x: target.col, y: target.row, visible: target.visible } }),
@@ -2792,7 +2838,8 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 		}
 		if (target) this.#recordHardwareCursorState(target);
 		else this.#recordHardwareCursorHidden();
-		this.#providerWindow = mutablePrepared;
+		this.#providerWindow = mutablePreparedLines;
+		this.#providerPreparedRows = mutablePreparedRows;
 		this.#providerViewportTop = mutableTop;
 		this.#providerViewportPadTop = replayViewportRows - replayPrependedBlanks;
 		this.#previousWidth = width;
@@ -2800,7 +2847,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 		this.#resizeBurstGrew = false;
 		this.#resizeBurstLastHeight = undefined;
 		this.#resizeBurstPull = 0;
-		this.#previousFrameLength = mutablePrepared.length;
+		this.#previousFrameLength = mutablePreparedLines.length;
 		this.#clearScrollbackOnNextRender = false;
 		this.#forceViewportRepaintOnNextRender = false;
 		this.#hasEverRendered = true;
@@ -2864,6 +2911,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 			this.#recordHardwareCursorHidden();
 			this.#altActive = true;
 			this.#altPreviousLines = [];
+			this.#altPreparedRows = [];
 			this.#altEnterWidth = width;
 			this.#altEnterHeight = height;
 		} else if (!wantAlt && this.#altActive) {
@@ -2891,6 +2939,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 			this.#altActive = false;
 			this.#mouseTracking = wantMouse;
 			this.#altPreviousLines = [];
+			this.#altPreparedRows = [];
 			// The alt-buffer restore put the pre-overlay normal screen back. If
 			// that buffer resized while covered, its cursor moved with width
 			// rewrap or a height-grow scrollback pull, while our viewport anchor
@@ -2935,38 +2984,115 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 		this.#emitPlanFrame(width, height, viewport, undefined, undefined);
 	}
 
-	/** Stateless variant for overlay-composited windows and alt-screen frames. */
-	#prepareLinesArray(lines: readonly string[], width: number): string[] {
+	/**
+	 * Prepare one string projection plus its structured write sidecar. A prior
+	 * sidecar entry is reusable only under identical raw content, width, width
+	 * configuration, and image protocol; those are every mutable input to
+	 * normalization, fitting, classification, and terminal coalescing.
+	 */
+	#prepareLinesArray(
+		lines: readonly string[],
+		width: number,
+		previous: readonly PreparedLine[] = [],
+		length = lines.length,
+	): PreparedLines {
 		// oxlint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-new-array -- render-frame length preallocation
-		const prepared: string[] = new Array(lines.length);
-		for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
-			prepared[i] = this.#prepareLine(lines[i]!, width).line;
-		}
-		return prepared;
-	}
-
-	#prepareLine(raw: string, width: number): PreparedLine {
-		if (TERMINAL.isImageLine(raw)) {
-			return { raw, width, line: raw };
-		}
-		const source = this.#lineFitSource(raw, width);
-		const normalized = normalizeTerminalOutput(source);
-		const asciiWidth = this.#ansiAsciiLineWidth(normalized, width);
-		if ((asciiWidth ?? visibleWidth(normalized)) <= width) {
-			return { raw, width, line: normalized };
-		}
-		const line = truncateToWidth(normalized, width, Ellipsis.Omit);
-		return { raw, width, line };
-	}
-
-	#lineFitSource(raw: string, width: number): string {
+		const prepared: string[] = new Array(length);
+		// oxlint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-new-array -- render-frame sidecar preallocation
+		const rows: PreparedLine[] = new Array(length);
+		const widthEpoch = getWidthConfigEpoch();
+		const imageProtocol = TERMINAL.imageProtocol;
+		for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+			const raw = lines[i] ?? "";
+			const cached = previous[i];
+			const row =
+				cached !== undefined &&
+				cached.raw === raw &&
+				cached.width === width &&
+				cached.widthEpoch === widthEpoch &&
+				cached.imageProtocol === imageProtocol
+					? cached
+					: this.#prepareLine(raw, width, widthEpoch, imageProtocol);
+			prepared[i] = row.line;
+			rows[i] = row;
+		}
+		return { lines: prepared, rows };
+	}
+
+	#prepareLine(raw: string, width: number, widthEpoch: number, imageProtocol: ImageProtocol | null): PreparedLine {
 		const safeWidth = Number.isFinite(width) ? Math.max(1, Math.trunc(width)) : 1;
 		const maxSourceLength = Math.min(
 			LINE_FIT_MAX_SOURCE_CODE_UNITS,
 			Math.max(LINE_FIT_MIN_SOURCE_CODE_UNITS, safeWidth * LINE_FIT_SOURCE_WIDTH_MULTIPLIER),
 		);
-		if (raw.length <= maxSourceLength) return raw;
 
+		let source: string;
+		let classification: LineClassification;
+		if (raw.length <= maxSourceLength) {
+			// The overwhelmingly common path classifies image markers, OSC 8,
+			// ANSI validity, OSC 66, non-ASCII, and exact ASCII width together.
+			classification = this.#classifyLine(raw, safeWidth);
+			if (classification.isImage) {
+				return {
+					raw,
+					width,
+					widthEpoch,
+					imageProtocol,
+					line: raw,
+					terminalContent: raw,
+					asciiWidth: undefined,
+					isImage: true,
+					hasOsc8: false,
+				};
+			}
+			source = raw;
+		} else {
+			// Fitting a giant source can discard everything after the visible
+			// prefix. Preserve image rows verbatim first, but do not scan the
+			// entire source for width/OSC metadata that will immediately vanish.
+			if (TERMINAL.isImageLine(raw)) {
+				return {
+					raw,
+					width,
+					widthEpoch,
+					imageProtocol,
+					line: raw,
+					terminalContent: raw,
+					asciiWidth: undefined,
+					isImage: true,
+					hasOsc8: false,
+				};
+			}
+			source = this.#lineFitSource(raw, safeWidth, maxSourceLength);
+			// Preserve the former lineRewriteSequence classification: fitting can
+			// move a marker from outside the raw scan window into the prepared
+			// line's window, at which point terminal image dispatch owns it.
+			classification = this.#classifyLine(source, safeWidth);
+		}
+
+		const normalized = normalizeTerminalOutput(source);
+		// Normalization only decomposes Thai/Lao AM vowels. It cannot introduce
+		// or remove ANSI/image markers, and such a row was already non-ASCII, so
+		// the source classification remains exact when normalization allocates.
+		let line = normalized;
+		if ((classification.asciiWidth ?? visibleWidth(normalized)) > width) {
+			line = truncateToWidth(normalized, width, Ellipsis.Omit);
+			classification = this.#classifyLine(line, safeWidth);
+		}
+		return {
+			raw,
+			width,
+			widthEpoch,
+			imageProtocol,
+			line,
+			terminalContent: classification.isImage ? line : coalesceAdjacentSgr(line),
+			asciiWidth: classification.asciiWidth,
+			isImage: classification.isImage,
+			hasOsc8: classification.isImage ? false : classification.hasOsc8,
+		};
+	}
+
+	#lineFitSource(raw: string, safeWidth: number, maxSourceLength: number): string {
 		let output = "";
 		let cells = 0;
 		for (let i = 0; i < raw.length && cells < safeWidth;) {
@@ -3063,57 +3189,78 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 		);
 	}
 
-	#ansiAsciiLineWidth(line: string, maxWidth: number): number | undefined {
+	/**
+	 * One code-unit pass classifies every per-row write decision. Image markers
+	 * are checked before ANSI state consumes their bytes, preserving the legacy
+	 * "marker anywhere in the protocol window" behavior even inside malformed
+	 * control strings. Width saturates once it is known to exceed the viewport,
+	 * while the pass continues for image and OSC 8 markers.
+	 */
+	#classifyLine(line: string, maxWidth: number): LineClassification {
 		let col = 0;
-		for (let i = 0; i < line.length;) {
+		let ascii = true;
+		let hasOsc8 = false;
+		let state: typeof ANSI_TEXT | typeof ANSI_CSI | typeof ANSI_OSC = ANSI_TEXT;
+
+		for (let i = 0; i < line.length; i++) {
 			const code = line.charCodeAt(i);
+			if ((code === CC_ESC || code === CC_KITTY_PLACEHOLDER_HIGH) && TERMINAL.hasImageMarkerAt(line, i)) {
+				return { asciiWidth: undefined, isImage: true, hasOsc8 };
+			}
+			if (
+				code === 0x1b &&
+				line.charCodeAt(i + 1) === 0x5d &&
+				line.charCodeAt(i + 2) === 0x38 &&
+				line.charCodeAt(i + 3) === 0x3b
+			) {
+				hasOsc8 = true;
+			}
+
+			if (state === ANSI_CSI) {
+				if (code >= 0x40 && code <= 0x7e) state = ANSI_TEXT;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (state === ANSI_OSC) {
+				if (code === 0x07) {
+					state = ANSI_TEXT;
+				} else if (code === 0x1b && line.charCodeAt(i + 1) === 0x5c) {
+					state = ANSI_TEXT;
+					i++;
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (code === 0x1b) {
 				const next = line.charCodeAt(i + 1);
 				if (next === 0x5b) {
-					let j = i + 2;
-					while (j < line.length) {
-						const final = line.charCodeAt(j);
-						if (final >= 0x40 && final <= 0x7e) break;
-						j++;
-					}
-					if (j >= line.length) return undefined;
-					i = j + 1;
+					state = ANSI_CSI;
+					i++;
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (next === 0x5d) {
-					// OSC 66 text-sizing spans carry visible payload inside the OSC.
-					// Fall back to visibleWidth() so scaled cells stay exact.
+					// OSC 66 text-sizing spans carry visible payload inside the
+					// control string. Defer to visibleWidth() for their scaled cells.
 					if (
 						line.charCodeAt(i + 2) === 0x36 &&
 						line.charCodeAt(i + 3) === 0x36 &&
 						line.charCodeAt(i + 4) === 0x3b
 					) {
-						return undefined;
+						ascii = false;
 					}
-					let j = i + 2;
-					while (j < line.length) {
-						const osc = line.charCodeAt(j);
-						if (osc === 0x07) {
-							i = j + 1;
-							break;
-						}
-						if (osc === 0x1b && line.charCodeAt(j + 1) === 0x5c) {
-							i = j + 2;
-							break;
-						}
-						j++;
-					}
-					if (j >= line.length) return undefined;
+					state = ANSI_OSC;
+					i++;
 					continue;
 				}
-				return undefined;
+				ascii = false;
+				continue;
 			}
-			if (code < 0x20 || code > 0x7e) return undefined;
-			col++;
-			if (col > maxWidth) return col;
-			i++;
+			if (code < 0x20 || code > 0x7e) {
+				ascii = false;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (ascii && col <= maxWidth) col++;
 		}
-		return col;
+		if (state !== ANSI_TEXT) ascii = false;
+		return { asciiWidth: ascii ? col : undefined, isImage: false, hasOsc8 };
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -3137,7 +3284,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 	}
 
 	#lineRewriteSequence(
-		line: string,
+		line: PreparedLine,
 		width: number,
 		screenRow = -1,
 		frameRow = -1,
@@ -3154,15 +3301,14 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 			if (spacerGlyphWidth >= width) return "";
 			return `${SEGMENT_RESET}\x1b[${spacerGlyphWidth}C${ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE}`;
 		}
-		if (TERMINAL.isImageLine(line)) {
-			return ERASE_LINE + this.#imageLineSequence(line, screenRow, frameRow, committedTo);
+		if (line.isImage) {
+			return ERASE_LINE + this.#imageLineSequence(line.line, screenRow, frameRow, committedTo);
 		}
 		const terminalLine = this.#terminalLine(line);
-		const asciiWidth = this.#ansiAsciiLineWidth(line, width);
-		if (asciiWidth !== undefined) {
+		if (line.asciiWidth !== undefined) {
 			// Exact width model: skip the erase only when the row truly fills
 			// the line (an EL there would eat the last cell via pending-wrap).
-			return asciiWidth >= width ? terminalLine : terminalLine + ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE;
+			return line.asciiWidth >= width ? terminalLine : terminalLine + ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE;
 		}
 		// Non-ASCII rows: the native measure can over-count combining-heavy
 		// scripts, so a row it calls "full" may render short and leave stale
@@ -3228,10 +3374,10 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 	#renderAltFrame(width: number, height: number): void {
 		// oxlint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-new-array -- alt-frame length preallocation
 		const base: string[] = new Array(Math.max(0, height)).fill("");
-		let lines = this.#compositeOverlaysIntoWindow(base, width, height);
+		const lines = this.#compositeOverlaysIntoWindow(base, width, height);
 		this.#extractCursorMarkers(lines);
-		lines = this.#prepareLinesArray(lines, width);
-		this.#emitAltFrame(lines, width, height);
+		const prepared = this.#prepareLinesArray(lines, width, this.#altPreparedRows, height);
+		this.#emitAltFrame(prepared, width, height);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -3239,10 +3385,7 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 	 * brackets, a cursor home, and per-row rewrites — never ED3 or any
 	 * native-scrollback byte. The hardware cursor stays hidden here.
 	 */
-	#emitAltFrame(lines: string[], width: number, height: number): void {
-		// oxlint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-new-array -- alt-frame length preallocation
-		const fitted: string[] = new Array(height);
-		for (let r = 0; r < height; r++) fitted[r] = lines[r] ?? "";
+	#emitAltFrame(prepared: PreparedLines, width: number, height: number): void {
 		// Flush queued image-data transmits (`a=t`, no visible output) before the
 		// paint so id-keyed placements and placeholder cells composed into this
 		// frame resolve against loaded data. The normal-screen path flushes these
@@ -3264,22 +3407,42 @@ export class TUI extends Container {
 		if (!force && this.#altPreviousLines.length === height) {
 			let same = true;
 			for (let r = 0; r < height; r++) {
-				if (fitted[r] !== this.#altPreviousLines[r]) {
+				const previous = this.#altPreparedRows[r];
+				const current = prepared.rows[r]!;
+				if (
+					prepared.lines[r] !== this.#altPreviousLines[r] ||
+					previous === undefined ||
+					previous.width !== current.width ||
+					previous.widthEpoch !== current.widthEpoch ||
+					previous.imageProtocol !== current.imageProtocol
+				) {
 					same = false;
 					break;
 				}
 			}
-			if (same) return;
+			if (same) {
+				this.#altPreviousLines = prepared.lines;
+				this.#altPreparedRows = prepared.rows;
+				return;
+			}
 		}
 		let buffer = `${this.#paintBeginSequence}\x1b[H`;
 		for (let r = 0; r < height; r++) {
 			if (r > 0) buffer += "\r\n";
-			buffer += this.#lineRewriteSequence(fitted[r], width, r, -1, -1, this.#osc66SpacerGlyphWidth(fitted, r));
+			buffer += this.#lineRewriteSequence(
+				prepared.rows[r]!,
+				width,
+				r,
+				-1,
+				-1,
+				this.#osc66SpacerGlyphWidth(prepared.lines, r),
+			);
 		}
 		buffer += this.#paintEndSequence;
 		this.terminal.write(buffer);
-		this.#altPreviousLines = fitted;
-		this.#debugPaint = { lines: fitted, windowTop: 0, altScreen: true };
+		this.#altPreviousLines = prepared.lines;
+		this.#altPreparedRows = prepared.rows;
+		this.#debugPaint = { lines: prepared.lines, windowTop: 0, altScreen: true };
 		this.#fullRedrawCount += 1;
 	}
 }