@oh-my-pi/pi-tui 16.0.2 → 16.0.4

package/src/latex-block.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+// Two-dimensional layout for *display* LaTeX math: stacks `\frac` numerator over
+// denominator with a horizontal bar, aligning surrounding text to the bar's row.
+//
+//       −b ± √(b² − 4ac)
+//   x = ────────────────
+//              2a
+//
+// Only display blocks (`$$…$$`, `\[…\]`) use this; inline `$…$` stays single-line
+// (`½`, `(a+b)/c`). Everything that is not a fraction — symbols, scripts, roots,
+// matrices, environments — is delegated to `latexToUnicode`, so this engine only
+// adds the vertical stacking the flat string form can't express.
+
+import { latexToUnicode } from "./latex-to-unicode";
+import { visibleWidth } from "./utils";
+
+/**
+ * A rectangular block of rendered text. Every entry in `lines` is padded to
+ * exactly `width` visible columns; `baseline` is the row that aligns with the
+ * surrounding text when boxes are placed side by side (e.g. the fraction bar).
+ */
+interface Box {
+	lines: string[];
+	baseline: number;
+	width: number;
+}
+
+const BAR = "─";
+const FRAC_COMMANDS: Record<string, true> = { frac: true, dfrac: true, tfrac: true, cfrac: true };
+
+// Display "wrapper" environments whose body is an expression (possibly with `\\`
+// row breaks and `&` alignment). Their bodies are parsed so fractions inside
+// stack; grid/structure environments (matrix/array/cases) stay opaque and are
+// rendered flat by `latexToUnicode`.
+const DISPLAY_ROW_ENVIRONMENTS: Record<string, true> = {
+	equation: true,
+	eqnarray: true,
+	align: true,
+	aligned: true,
+	alignat: true,
+	alignedat: true,
+	flalign: true,
+	split: true,
+	gather: true,
+	gathered: true,
+	gatheredat: true,
+	multline: true,
+	displaymath: true,
+	math: true,
+};
+
+function spaces(n: number): string {
+	return n > 0 ? " ".repeat(n) : "";
+}
+
+/** Pad `line` on the right to `width` visible columns. */
+function padRight(line: string, width: number): string {
+	return line + spaces(width - visibleWidth(line));
+}
+
+/** Pad `line` symmetrically (left-biased) to `width` visible columns. */
+function center(line: string, width: number): string {
+	const extra = width - visibleWidth(line);
+	if (extra <= 0) return line;
+	const left = extra >> 1;
+	return spaces(left) + line + spaces(extra - left);
+}
+
+/** A single rendered string (possibly multi-line) as a baseline-centered box. */
+function textBox(text: string): Box {
+	const raw = text.split("\n");
+	let width = 0;
+	for (const line of raw) width = Math.max(width, visibleWidth(line));
+	return { lines: raw.map(line => padRight(line, width)), baseline: (raw.length - 1) >> 1, width };
+}
+
+/** Place boxes side by side, aligning their baselines. */
+function hconcat(boxes: Box[]): Box {
+	if (boxes.length === 1) return boxes[0];
+	let above = 0;
+	let below = 0;
+	for (const b of boxes) {
+		above = Math.max(above, b.baseline);
+		below = Math.max(below, b.lines.length - 1 - b.baseline);
+	}
+	const height = above + below + 1;
+	const lines: string[] = [];
+	let width = 0;
+	for (const b of boxes) width += b.width;
+	for (let row = 0; row < height; row++) {
+		let line = "";
+		for (const b of boxes) {
+			const local = row - (above - b.baseline);
+			line += local >= 0 && local < b.lines.length ? b.lines[local] : spaces(b.width);
+		}
+		lines.push(line);
+	}
+	return { lines, baseline: above, width };
+}
+
+/** Stack `num` over `den`, separated by a bar; the bar becomes the baseline. */
+function fracBox(num: Box, den: Box): Box {
+	const width = Math.max(num.width, den.width) + 2;
+	const lines = [
+		...num.lines.map(line => center(line, width)),
+		BAR.repeat(width),
+		...den.lines.map(line => center(line, width)),
+	];
+	return { lines, baseline: num.lines.length, width };
+}
+
+/** Stack boxes vertically (left-aligned), e.g. the rows of an aligned block. */
+function vconcat(boxes: Box[]): Box {
+	if (boxes.length === 1) return boxes[0];
+	let width = 0;
+	for (const b of boxes) width = Math.max(width, b.width);
+	const lines: string[] = [];
+	for (const b of boxes) for (const line of b.lines) lines.push(padRight(line, width));
+	return { lines, baseline: (lines.length - 1) >> 1, width };
+}
+
+interface Span {
+	text: string;
+	end: number;
+}
+
+/** Read a balanced `{…}` beginning at `i` (which must point at `{`). */
+function readBraceGroup(src: string, i: number): Span {
+	let depth = 0;
+	let out = "";
+	let j = i;
+	for (; j < src.length; j++) {
+		const c = src[j];
+		if (c === "\\") {
+			out += c + (src[j + 1] ?? "");
+			j++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c === "{") {
+			depth++;
+			if (depth > 1) out += c;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c === "}") {
+			depth--;
+			if (depth === 0) {
+				j++;
+				break;
+			}
+			out += c;
+			continue;
+		}
+		out += c;
+	}
+	return { text: out, end: j };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read one fraction argument: a `{…}` group, a single char, or a `\command`
+ * together with its attached `[…]`/`{…}` arguments (or whole `\begin…\end`
+ * block), so e.g. `\frac\sqrt{a}{b}` reads `\sqrt{a}` as the numerator.
+ */
+function readArg(src: string, i: number): Span {
+	while (src[i] === " ") i++;
+	if (i >= src.length) return { text: "", end: i };
+	if (src[i] === "{") return readBraceGroup(src, i);
+	if (src[i] !== "\\") return { text: src[i], end: i + 1 };
+	let j = i + 1;
+	let name = "";
+	while (/[A-Za-z]/.test(src[j] ?? "")) {
+		name += src[j];
+		j++;
+	}
+	if (name === "begin") {
+		const env = consumeEnvironment(src, i);
+		if (env) return env;
+	}
+	if (!name) return { text: src.slice(i, i + 2), end: i + 2 }; // non-letter command (\,, \{, …)
+	let end = j;
+	while (src[end] === "[" || src[end] === "{") {
+		if (src[end] === "{") end = readBraceGroup(src, end).end;
+		else {
+			const close = src.indexOf("]", end);
+			end = close === -1 ? src.length : close + 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return { text: src.slice(i, end), end };
+}
+
+interface EnvParts {
+	env: string;
+	bodyStart: number;
+	bodyEnd: number;
+	end: number;
+}
+
+/** Locate a `\begin{env}…\end{env}` block (balanced) starting at the backslash. */
+function readEnvironment(src: string, start: number): EnvParts | null {
+	let i = start + 6; // past "\begin"
+	while (src[i] === " ") i++;
+	if (src[i] !== "{") return null;
+	const nameGroup = readBraceGroup(src, i);
+	let k = nameGroup.end;
+	let depth = 1;
+	let bodyEnd = src.length;
+	while (k < src.length && depth > 0) {
+		if (src.startsWith("\\begin", k)) {
+			depth++;
+			k += 6;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (src.startsWith("\\end", k)) {
+			depth--;
+			if (depth === 0) bodyEnd = k;
+			k += 4;
+			while (src[k] === " ") k++;
+			if (src[k] === "{") k = readBraceGroup(src, k).end;
+			if (depth === 0) break;
+			continue;
+		}
+		k++;
+	}
+	return { env: nameGroup.text.trim(), bodyStart: nameGroup.end, bodyEnd, end: k };
+}
+
+/** The full `\begin{env}…\end{env}` substring as an inline run. */
+function consumeEnvironment(src: string, start: number): Span | null {
+	const env = readEnvironment(src, start);
+	return env ? { text: src.slice(start, env.end), end: env.end } : null;
+}
+
+/** Split an environment body on top-level `\\` row breaks (depth-aware). */
+function splitRows(body: string): string[] {
+	const rows: string[] = [];
+	let braceDepth = 0;
+	let envDepth = 0;
+	let last = 0;
+	let i = 0;
+	while (i < body.length) {
+		if (body.startsWith("\\begin", i)) {
+			envDepth++;
+			i += 6;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (body.startsWith("\\end", i)) {
+			envDepth--;
+			i += 4;
+			continue;
+		}
+		const c = body[i];
+		if (c === "\\") {
+			if (body[i + 1] === "\\" && braceDepth === 0 && envDepth === 0) {
+				rows.push(body.slice(last, i));
+				i += 2;
+				while (body[i] === " ") i++;
+				if (body[i] === "[") {
+					const close = body.indexOf("]", i);
+					i = close === -1 ? body.length : close + 1;
+				}
+				last = i;
+				continue;
+			}
+			i += 2; // skip escaped char / second backslash so `\{`/`\\` never skew depth
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c === "{") braceDepth++;
+		else if (c === "}") braceDepth--;
+		i++;
+	}
+	rows.push(body.slice(last));
+	return rows;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Render a `\begin{env}…\end{env}` block. Expression "wrapper" environments
+ * (`equation`, `align`, `gather`, …) have their rows parsed so fractions stack;
+ * grid/structure environments (matrix/array/cases) render flat via
+ * `latexToUnicode`.
+ */
+function parseEnvironment(src: string, start: number): { box: Box; end: number } | null {
+	const env = readEnvironment(src, start);
+	if (env === null) return null;
+	const base = env.env.endsWith("*") ? env.env.slice(0, -1) : env.env;
+	if (!DISPLAY_ROW_ENVIRONMENTS[base]) {
+		return { box: textBox(latexToUnicode(src.slice(start, env.end))), end: env.end };
+	}
+	let bodyStart = env.bodyStart;
+	if (base === "alignat" || base === "alignedat" || base === "gatheredat") {
+		// These carry a required column-count argument `{n}` before the body.
+		let p = bodyStart;
+		while (src[p] === " " || src[p] === "\n") p++;
+		if (src[p] === "{") bodyStart = readBraceGroup(src, p).end;
+	}
+	const rows = splitRows(src.slice(bodyStart, env.bodyEnd))
+		.map(row => row.trim())
+		.filter(row => row !== "")
+		.map(row => parseExpr(row));
+	return { box: rows.length > 0 ? vconcat(rows) : textBox(""), end: env.end };
+}
+
+/** Append a script (`^`/`_`) and its argument to the inline run verbatim. */
+function readScript(src: string, i: number): Span {
+	let out = src[i];
+	i++;
+	while (src[i] === " ") {
+		out += src[i];
+		i++;
+	}
+	if (src[i] === "{") {
+		const group = readBraceGroup(src, i);
+		return { text: `${out}{${group.text}}`, end: group.end };
+	}
+	if (src[i] === "\\") {
+		let j = i + 1;
+		if (/[A-Za-z]/.test(src[j] ?? "")) while (/[A-Za-z]/.test(src[j] ?? "")) j++;
+		else j++;
+		return { text: out + src.slice(i, j), end: j };
+	}
+	if (i < src.length) return { text: out + src[i], end: i + 1 };
+	return { text: out, end: i };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a math fragment into a layout box, stacking top-level fractions (and
+ * fractions nested inside other fractions' arguments). Non-fraction runs —
+ * including scripts, roots, environments, and command arguments — are gathered
+ * into inline strings and rendered through `latexToUnicode`.
+ */
+function parseExpr(src: string): Box {
+	const boxes: Box[] = [];
+	let inline = "";
+	const flush = (): void => {
+		if (inline) {
+			boxes.push(textBox(latexToUnicode(inline)));
+			inline = "";
+		}
+	};
+	let i = 0;
+	while (i < src.length) {
+		const c = src[i];
+		if (c === "\\") {
+			let j = i + 1;
+			let name = "";
+			while (j < src.length && /[A-Za-z]/.test(src[j])) {
+				name += src[j];
+				j++;
+			}
+			if (name && FRAC_COMMANDS[name]) {
+				flush();
+				const num = readArg(src, j);
+				const den = readArg(src, num.end);
+				boxes.push(fracBox(parseExpr(num.text), parseExpr(den.text)));
+				i = den.end;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (name === "begin") {
+				const env = parseEnvironment(src, i);
+				if (env) {
+					flush();
+					boxes.push(env.box);
+					i = env.end;
+					continue;
+				}
+			}
+			if (!name) {
+				// Non-letter command (`\\`, `\,`, `\{`, …): keep the 2-char token inline.
+				inline += `\\${src[j] ?? ""}`;
+				i = j + 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			// Other command: keep it and its bracket/brace arguments inline so a
+			// `{…}` argument is never mistaken for a top-level stacking group.
+			inline += `\\${name}`;
+			i = j;
+			while (src[i] === "[" || src[i] === "{") {
+				if (src[i] === "{") {
+					const group = readBraceGroup(src, i);
+					inline += `{${group.text}}`;
+					i = group.end;
+				} else {
+					const close = src.indexOf("]", i);
+					const end = close === -1 ? src.length : close + 1;
+					inline += src.slice(i, end);
+					i = end;
+				}
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c === "^" || c === "_") {
+			const script = readScript(src, i);
+			inline += script.text;
+			i = script.end;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c === "{") {
+			const group = readBraceGroup(src, i);
+			flush();
+			boxes.push(parseExpr(group.text));
+			i = group.end;
+			continue;
+		}
+		inline += c;
+		i++;
+	}
+	flush();
+	if (boxes.length === 0) return textBox("");
+	return hconcat(boxes);
+}
+
+/** Split on top-level `\n` row separators (outside braces and environments). */
+function splitLines(src: string): string[] {
+	const lines: string[] = [];
+	let braceDepth = 0;
+	let envDepth = 0;
+	let last = 0;
+	let i = 0;
+	while (i < src.length) {
+		if (src.startsWith("\\begin", i)) {
+			envDepth++;
+			i += 6;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (src.startsWith("\\end", i)) {
+			envDepth--;
+			i += 4;
+			continue;
+		}
+		const c = src[i];
+		if (c === "\\") {
+			i += 2; // escaped char / second backslash — never a logical-line break
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (c === "{") braceDepth++;
+		else if (c === "}") braceDepth--;
+		else if (c === "\n" && braceDepth === 0 && envDepth === 0) {
+			lines.push(src.slice(last, i));
+			last = i + 1;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+	lines.push(src.slice(last));
+	return lines;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Render a display LaTeX math fragment to lines, stacking `\frac` vertically.
+ * Top-level source newlines become vertical rows (so a `lhs =` line stays above
+ * its block); each row stacks fractions via `parseExpr`. Inline math should use
+ * `latexToUnicode` instead — fractions there stay single-line.
+ */
+export function latexToBlock(src: string): string[] {
+	if (typeof src !== "string" || src.trim() === "") return [];
+	const rows = splitLines(src.trim())
+		.map(line => line.trim())
+		.filter(line => line !== "")
+		.map(line => parseExpr(line));
+	if (rows.length === 0) return [];
+	let lines = vconcat(rows).lines;
+	while (lines.length > 1 && lines[lines.length - 1].trim() === "") lines = lines.slice(0, -1);
+	while (lines.length > 1 && lines[0].trim() === "") lines = lines.slice(1);
+	return lines;
+}