@obsunified/pprof-decoder 2.0.1

package/LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 Sawan Ruparel and obs-unified contributors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

package/README.md

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+# @obsunified/pprof-decoder
+
+Minimal pprof decoder + encoder. Runs in browsers and Cloudflare Workers (uses
+the platform `DecompressionStream`/`CompressionStream` APIs — no Node-native
+dependencies, no Emscripten).
+
+```ts
+import { decodeProfile, encodeProfile } from "@obsunified/pprof-decoder";
+
+const profile = await decodeProfile(gzippedBuffer);
+profile.sample.forEach((s) => console.log(s.value, s.locationId));
+
+const reEncoded = await encodeProfile(profile);
+```
+
+Used by the collector's `/v1/profiles` ingest and by the dashboard's flame-graph
+renderer. Designed to do **decode + minor re-encode**, not full profile
+manipulation — for that, use Google's `pprof` toolchain.

package/dist/index.d.ts

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+/**
+ * Minimal pprof decoder + encoder. Shared between the collector (server-
+ * side ingest parsing) and the dashboard (browser-side flame graph
+ * rendering). Both runtimes expose DecompressionStream/CompressionStream
+ * natively, so gzip handling lives here too.
+ *
+ * Why hand-rolled rather than `pprof-format` / `protobufjs`:
+ *   - we only need 5 of pprof's message types (sample, location, function,
+ *     value_type, string_table) — protobufjs pulls in a full reflection
+ *     runtime that triples the dashboard bundle for no upside
+ *   - the wire-format reader is < 100 lines and pure JS, deployable to
+ *     Workers without polyfills
+ *
+ * Wire format reference: https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/
+ * pprof message definitions: https://github.com/google/pprof/blob/main/proto/profile.proto
+ *
+ * Fields read: Profile.{sample_type, sample, location, function, string_table};
+ * Sample.{location_id, value, label}; Location.line.function_id; Function.{name, filename}.
+ *
+ * Fields explicitly skipped: Mapping, drop_frames, time_nanos, period,
+ * comments — none affect a flame graph render. If pprof gains a field
+ * we care about, extend decodePprof here once.
+ */
+declare class Reader {
+    private readonly buf;
+    private pos;
+    private readonly decoder;
+    constructor(buf: Uint8Array);
+    get eof(): boolean;
+    get position(): number;
+    readVarint(): number;
+    readBytes(len: number): Uint8Array;
+    readString(len: number): string;
+    skipField(wireType: number): void;
+}
+interface PprofLabel {
+    keyIdx: number;
+    strIdx: number;
+    num: number;
+}
+interface PprofSample {
+    locationIds: number[];
+    values: number[];
+    labels: PprofLabel[];
+}
+interface PprofLine {
+    functionId: number;
+    line: number;
+}
+interface PprofLocation {
+    id: number;
+    lines: PprofLine[];
+    functionIds: number[];
+}
+interface PprofFunction {
+    id: number;
+    nameIdx: number;
+    filenameIdx: number;
+}
+interface PprofValueType {
+    typeIdx: number;
+    unitIdx: number;
+}
+interface PprofProfile {
+    sampleTypes: PprofValueType[];
+    samples: PprofSample[];
+    locations: Map<number, PprofLocation>;
+    functions: Map<number, PprofFunction>;
+    stringTable: string[];
+}
+declare const decodePprof: (raw: Uint8Array) => PprofProfile;
+/**
+ * Decompress (if gzipped) + decode a raw pprof byte buffer. Workers and
+ * modern browsers both expose `DecompressionStream("gzip")` natively, so
+ * a single implementation serves both runtimes.
+ */
+declare const decodePprofBlob: (body: ArrayBuffer | Uint8Array) => Promise<PprofProfile>;
+declare const encodePprof: (profile: PprofProfile) => Uint8Array;
+/** Convenience: gzip a Uint8Array using CompressionStream. */
+declare const gzipBytes: (bytes: Uint8Array) => Promise<Uint8Array>;
+
+export { type PprofFunction, type PprofLabel, type PprofLine, type PprofLocation, type PprofProfile, type PprofSample, type PprofValueType, Reader, decodePprof, decodePprofBlob, encodePprof, gzipBytes };

package/dist/index.js

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+// src/index.ts
+var WIRE_VARINT = 0;
+var WIRE_FIXED64 = 1;
+var WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED = 2;
+var WIRE_FIXED32 = 5;
+var Reader = class {
+  constructor(buf) {
+    this.buf = buf;
+  }
+  pos = 0;
+  decoder = new TextDecoder("utf-8");
+  get eof() {
+    return this.pos >= this.buf.length;
+  }
+  get position() {
+    return this.pos;
+  }
+  readVarint() {
+    let result = 0;
+    let shift = 0;
+    while (true) {
+      if (this.pos >= this.buf.length) {
+        throw new Error("varint: unexpected end of buffer");
+      }
+      const byte = this.buf[this.pos++];
+      result += (byte & 127) * 2 ** shift;
+      if ((byte & 128) === 0) return result;
+      shift += 7;
+      if (shift > 63) throw new Error("varint: too long");
+    }
+  }
+  readBytes(len) {
+    if (this.pos + len > this.buf.length) {
+      throw new Error("readBytes: out of range");
+    }
+    const slice = this.buf.subarray(this.pos, this.pos + len);
+    this.pos += len;
+    return slice;
+  }
+  readString(len) {
+    const bytes = this.readBytes(len);
+    return this.decoder.decode(bytes);
+  }
+  skipField(wireType) {
+    switch (wireType) {
+      case WIRE_VARINT:
+        this.readVarint();
+        return;
+      case WIRE_FIXED64:
+        this.pos += 8;
+        return;
+      case WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED: {
+        const len = this.readVarint();
+        this.pos += len;
+        return;
+      }
+      case WIRE_FIXED32:
+        this.pos += 4;
+        return;
+      default:
+        throw new Error(`unsupported wire type: ${wireType}`);
+    }
+  }
+};
+var decodePackedVarints = (r, len) => {
+  const end = r.position + len;
+  const out = [];
+  while (r.position < end) out.push(r.readVarint());
+  return out;
+};
+var decodeLabel = (r, len) => {
+  const end = r.position + len;
+  const label = { keyIdx: 0, strIdx: 0, num: 0 };
+  while (r.position < end) {
+    const tag = r.readVarint();
+    const fieldNum = tag >>> 3;
+    const wire = tag & 7;
+    if (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) label.keyIdx = r.readVarint();
+    else if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_VARINT)
+      label.strIdx = r.readVarint();
+    else if (fieldNum === 3 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) label.num = r.readVarint();
+    else r.skipField(wire);
+  }
+  return label;
+};
+var decodeSample = (r, len) => {
+  const end = r.position + len;
+  const sample = {
+    locationIds: [],
+    values: [],
+    labels: []
+  };
+  while (r.position < end) {
+    const tag = r.readVarint();
+    const fieldNum = tag >>> 3;
+    const wire = tag & 7;
+    if (fieldNum === 1) {
+      if (wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+        const subLen = r.readVarint();
+        sample.locationIds.push(...decodePackedVarints(r, subLen));
+      } else if (wire === WIRE_VARINT) {
+        sample.locationIds.push(r.readVarint());
+      } else r.skipField(wire);
+    } else if (fieldNum === 2) {
+      if (wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+        const subLen = r.readVarint();
+        sample.values.push(...decodePackedVarints(r, subLen));
+      } else if (wire === WIRE_VARINT) {
+        sample.values.push(r.readVarint());
+      } else r.skipField(wire);
+    } else if (fieldNum === 3 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      const subLen = r.readVarint();
+      sample.labels.push(decodeLabel(r, subLen));
+    } else r.skipField(wire);
+  }
+  return sample;
+};
+var decodeLine = (r, len) => {
+  const end = r.position + len;
+  let functionId = 0;
+  let line = 0;
+  while (r.position < end) {
+    const tag = r.readVarint();
+    const fieldNum = tag >>> 3;
+    const wire = tag & 7;
+    if (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) functionId = r.readVarint();
+    else if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) line = r.readVarint();
+    else r.skipField(wire);
+  }
+  return { functionId, line };
+};
+var decodeLocation = (r, len) => {
+  const end = r.position + len;
+  const loc = { id: 0, lines: [], functionIds: [] };
+  while (r.position < end) {
+    const tag = r.readVarint();
+    const fieldNum = tag >>> 3;
+    const wire = tag & 7;
+    if (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) loc.id = r.readVarint();
+    else if (fieldNum === 4 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      const subLen = r.readVarint();
+      const line = decodeLine(r, subLen);
+      loc.lines.push(line);
+      loc.functionIds.push(line.functionId);
+    } else r.skipField(wire);
+  }
+  return loc;
+};
+var decodeFunction = (r, len) => {
+  const end = r.position + len;
+  const fn = { id: 0, nameIdx: 0, filenameIdx: 0 };
+  while (r.position < end) {
+    const tag = r.readVarint();
+    const fieldNum = tag >>> 3;
+    const wire = tag & 7;
+    if (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) fn.id = r.readVarint();
+    else if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_VARINT)
+      fn.nameIdx = r.readVarint();
+    else if (fieldNum === 4 && wire === WIRE_VARINT)
+      fn.filenameIdx = r.readVarint();
+    else r.skipField(wire);
+  }
+  return fn;
+};
+var decodeValueType = (r, len) => {
+  const end = r.position + len;
+  const vt = { typeIdx: 0, unitIdx: 0 };
+  while (r.position < end) {
+    const tag = r.readVarint();
+    const fieldNum = tag >>> 3;
+    const wire = tag & 7;
+    if (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) vt.typeIdx = r.readVarint();
+    else if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_VARINT)
+      vt.unitIdx = r.readVarint();
+    else r.skipField(wire);
+  }
+  return vt;
+};
+var decodePprof = (raw) => {
+  const r = new Reader(raw);
+  const profile = {
+    sampleTypes: [],
+    samples: [],
+    locations: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
+    functions: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
+    stringTable: []
+  };
+  while (!r.eof) {
+    const tag = r.readVarint();
+    const fieldNum = tag >>> 3;
+    const wire = tag & 7;
+    if (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      const len = r.readVarint();
+      profile.sampleTypes.push(decodeValueType(r, len));
+    } else if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      const len = r.readVarint();
+      profile.samples.push(decodeSample(r, len));
+    } else if (fieldNum === 4 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      const len = r.readVarint();
+      const loc = decodeLocation(r, len);
+      profile.locations.set(loc.id, loc);
+    } else if (fieldNum === 5 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      const len = r.readVarint();
+      const fn = decodeFunction(r, len);
+      profile.functions.set(fn.id, fn);
+    } else if (fieldNum === 6 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+      const len = r.readVarint();
+      profile.stringTable.push(r.readString(len));
+    } else {
+      r.skipField(wire);
+    }
+  }
+  return profile;
+};
+var decodePprofBlob = async (body) => {
+  const buf = body instanceof Uint8Array ? body : new Uint8Array(body);
+  let raw;
+  if (buf.length >= 2 && buf[0] === 31 && buf[1] === 139) {
+    const stream = new Response(buf).body?.pipeThrough(
+      new DecompressionStream("gzip")
+    );
+    raw = new Uint8Array(await new Response(stream).arrayBuffer());
+  } else {
+    raw = buf;
+  }
+  return decodePprof(raw);
+};
+var ByteBuilder = class {
+  buf = new Uint8Array(1024 * 16);
+  // 16KB initial capacity
+  len = 0;
+  get length() {
+    return this.len;
+  }
+  push(byte) {
+    if (this.len >= this.buf.length) {
+      const next = new Uint8Array(this.buf.length * 2);
+      next.set(this.buf);
+      this.buf = next;
+    }
+    this.buf[this.len++] = byte;
+  }
+  [Symbol.iterator]() {
+    return this.buf.subarray(0, this.len)[Symbol.iterator]();
+  }
+  toArray() {
+    return this.buf.subarray(0, this.len);
+  }
+};
+var writeVarint = (out, value) => {
+  while (value >= 128) {
+    out.push(value & 127 | 128);
+    value = Math.floor(value / 128);
+  }
+  out.push(value & 127);
+};
+var writeTag = (out, fieldNum, wireType) => writeVarint(out, fieldNum << 3 | wireType);
+var writeLengthDelimited = (out, fieldNum, bytes) => {
+  writeTag(out, fieldNum, WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+  writeVarint(out, bytes.length);
+  for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) out.push(bytes[i]);
+};
+var writeString = (out, fieldNum, str) => {
+  const bytes = new TextEncoder().encode(str);
+  writeLengthDelimited(out, fieldNum, bytes);
+};
+var writePackedVarints = (out, fieldNum, values) => {
+  if (values.length === 0) return;
+  const inner = [];
+  for (const v of values) writeVarint(inner, v);
+  writeLengthDelimited(out, fieldNum, inner);
+};
+var encodeLabel = (label) => {
+  const out = [];
+  if (label.keyIdx) {
+    writeTag(out, 1, WIRE_VARINT);
+    writeVarint(out, label.keyIdx);
+  }
+  if (label.strIdx) {
+    writeTag(out, 2, WIRE_VARINT);
+    writeVarint(out, label.strIdx);
+  }
+  if (label.num) {
+    writeTag(out, 3, WIRE_VARINT);
+    writeVarint(out, label.num);
+  }
+  return out;
+};
+var encodeSample = (sample) => {
+  const out = [];
+  writePackedVarints(out, 1, sample.locationIds);
+  writePackedVarints(out, 2, sample.values);
+  for (const label of sample.labels) {
+    writeLengthDelimited(out, 3, encodeLabel(label));
+  }
+  return out;
+};
+var encodeValueType = (vt) => {
+  const out = [];
+  if (vt.typeIdx) {
+    writeTag(out, 1, WIRE_VARINT);
+    writeVarint(out, vt.typeIdx);
+  }
+  if (vt.unitIdx) {
+    writeTag(out, 2, WIRE_VARINT);
+    writeVarint(out, vt.unitIdx);
+  }
+  return out;
+};
+var encodeLocation = (loc) => {
+  const out = [];
+  if (loc.id) {
+    writeTag(out, 1, WIRE_VARINT);
+    writeVarint(out, loc.id);
+  }
+  const lines = loc.lines || (loc.functionIds || []).map((fid) => ({ functionId: fid, line: 0 }));
+  for (const line of lines) {
+    const lineBytes = [];
+    if (line.functionId) {
+      writeTag(lineBytes, 1, WIRE_VARINT);
+      writeVarint(lineBytes, line.functionId);
+    }
+    if (line.line) {
+      writeTag(lineBytes, 2, WIRE_VARINT);
+      writeVarint(lineBytes, line.line);
+    }
+    writeLengthDelimited(out, 4, lineBytes);
+  }
+  return out;
+};
+var encodeFunction = (fn) => {
+  const out = [];
+  if (fn.id) {
+    writeTag(out, 1, WIRE_VARINT);
+    writeVarint(out, fn.id);
+  }
+  if (fn.nameIdx) {
+    writeTag(out, 2, WIRE_VARINT);
+    writeVarint(out, fn.nameIdx);
+  }
+  if (fn.filenameIdx) {
+    writeTag(out, 4, WIRE_VARINT);
+    writeVarint(out, fn.filenameIdx);
+  }
+  return out;
+};
+var encodePprof = (profile) => {
+  const out = new ByteBuilder();
+  for (const vt of profile.sampleTypes) {
+    writeLengthDelimited(out, 1, encodeValueType(vt));
+  }
+  for (const sample of profile.samples) {
+    writeLengthDelimited(out, 2, encodeSample(sample));
+  }
+  for (const loc of profile.locations.values()) {
+    writeLengthDelimited(out, 4, encodeLocation(loc));
+  }
+  for (const fn of profile.functions.values()) {
+    writeLengthDelimited(out, 5, encodeFunction(fn));
+  }
+  for (const str of profile.stringTable) {
+    writeString(out, 6, str);
+  }
+  return out.toArray();
+};
+var gzipBytes = async (bytes) => {
+  const stream = new Response(bytes).body?.pipeThrough(
+    new CompressionStream("gzip")
+  );
+  return new Uint8Array(await new Response(stream).arrayBuffer());
+};
+export {
+  Reader,
+  decodePprof,
+  decodePprofBlob,
+  encodePprof,
+  gzipBytes
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map

package/dist/index.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"sources":["../src/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Minimal pprof decoder + encoder. Shared between the collector (server-\n * side ingest parsing) and the dashboard (browser-side flame graph\n * rendering). Both runtimes expose DecompressionStream/CompressionStream\n * natively, so gzip handling lives here too.\n *\n * Why hand-rolled rather than `pprof-format` / `protobufjs`:\n *   - we only need 5 of pprof's message types (sample, location, function,\n *     value_type, string_table) — protobufjs pulls in a full reflection\n *     runtime that triples the dashboard bundle for no upside\n *   - the wire-format reader is < 100 lines and pure JS, deployable to\n *     Workers without polyfills\n *\n * Wire format reference: https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/\n * pprof message definitions: https://github.com/google/pprof/blob/main/proto/profile.proto\n *\n * Fields read: Profile.{sample_type, sample, location, function, string_table};\n * Sample.{location_id, value, label}; Location.line.function_id; Function.{name, filename}.\n *\n * Fields explicitly skipped: Mapping, drop_frames, time_nanos, period,\n * comments — none affect a flame graph render. If pprof gains a field\n * we care about, extend decodePprof here once.\n */\n\n// ── Wire types ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\nconst WIRE_VARINT = 0;\nconst WIRE_FIXED64 = 1;\nconst WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED = 2;\nconst WIRE_FIXED32 = 5;\n\nexport class Reader {\n\tprivate pos = 0;\n\tprivate readonly decoder = new TextDecoder(\"utf-8\");\n\tconstructor(private readonly buf: Uint8Array) {}\n\n\tget eof(): boolean {\n\t\treturn this.pos >= this.buf.length;\n\t}\n\n\tget position(): number {\n\t\treturn this.pos;\n\t}\n\n\treadVarint(): number {\n\t\tlet result = 0;\n\t\tlet shift = 0;\n\t\twhile (true) {\n\t\t\tif (this.pos >= this.buf.length) {\n\t\t\t\tthrow new Error(\"varint: unexpected end of buffer\");\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tconst byte = this.buf[this.pos++];\n\t\t\t// JS numbers are precise up to 2^53. pprof fields we read\n\t\t\t// (string-table indices, function ids, sample values) all fit.\n\t\t\t// We cap shift at 63 to catch malformed 11+ byte varints.\n\t\t\tresult += (byte & 0x7f) * 2 ** shift;\n\t\t\tif ((byte & 0x80) === 0) return result;\n\t\t\tshift += 7;\n\t\t\tif (shift > 63) throw new Error(\"varint: too long\");\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\treadBytes(len: number): Uint8Array {\n\t\tif (this.pos + len > this.buf.length) {\n\t\t\tthrow new Error(\"readBytes: out of range\");\n\t\t}\n\t\tconst slice = this.buf.subarray(this.pos, this.pos + len);\n\t\tthis.pos += len;\n\t\treturn slice;\n\t}\n\n\treadString(len: number): string {\n\t\tconst bytes = this.readBytes(len);\n\t\treturn this.decoder.decode(bytes);\n\t}\n\n\tskipField(wireType: number): void {\n\t\tswitch (wireType) {\n\t\t\tcase WIRE_VARINT:\n\t\t\t\tthis.readVarint();\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\tcase WIRE_FIXED64:\n\t\t\t\tthis.pos += 8;\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\tcase WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED: {\n\t\t\t\tconst len = this.readVarint();\n\t\t\t\tthis.pos += len;\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tcase WIRE_FIXED32:\n\t\t\t\tthis.pos += 4;\n\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\tdefault:\n\t\t\t\tthrow new Error(`unsupported wire type: ${wireType}`);\n\t\t}\n\t}\n}\n\n// ── pprof types we care about ────────────────────────────────────────\n\nexport interface PprofLabel {\n\tkeyIdx: number;\n\tstrIdx: number;\n\tnum: number;\n}\n\nexport interface PprofSample {\n\tlocationIds: number[];\n\tvalues: number[];\n\tlabels: PprofLabel[];\n}\n\nexport interface PprofLine {\n\tfunctionId: number;\n\tline: number;\n}\n\nexport interface PprofLocation {\n\tid: number;\n\tlines: PprofLine[];\n\tfunctionIds: number[];\n}\n\nexport interface PprofFunction {\n\tid: number;\n\tnameIdx: number;\n\tfilenameIdx: number;\n}\n\nexport interface PprofValueType {\n\ttypeIdx: number;\n\tunitIdx: number;\n}\n\nexport interface PprofProfile {\n\tsampleTypes: PprofValueType[];\n\tsamples: PprofSample[];\n\tlocations: Map<number, PprofLocation>;\n\tfunctions: Map<number, PprofFunction>;\n\tstringTable: string[];\n}\n\n// ── Field-level decoders ─────────────────────────────────────────────\n\nconst decodePackedVarints = (r: Reader, len: number): number[] => {\n\tconst end = r.position + len;\n\tconst out: number[] = [];\n\twhile (r.position < end) out.push(r.readVarint());\n\treturn out;\n};\n\nconst decodeLabel = (r: Reader, len: number): PprofLabel => {\n\tconst end = r.position + len;\n\tconst label: PprofLabel = { keyIdx: 0, strIdx: 0, num: 0 };\n\twhile (r.position < end) {\n\t\tconst tag = r.readVarint();\n\t\tconst fieldNum = tag >>> 3;\n\t\tconst wire = tag & 7;\n\t\tif (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) label.keyIdx = r.readVarint();\n\t\telse if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_VARINT)\n\t\t\tlabel.strIdx = r.readVarint();\n\t\telse if (fieldNum === 3 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) label.num = r.readVarint();\n\t\telse r.skipField(wire);\n\t}\n\treturn label;\n};\n\nconst decodeSample = (r: Reader, len: number): PprofSample => {\n\tconst end = r.position + len;\n\tconst sample: PprofSample = {\n\t\tlocationIds: [],\n\t\tvalues: [],\n\t\tlabels: [],\n\t};\n\twhile (r.position < end) {\n\t\tconst tag = r.readVarint();\n\t\tconst fieldNum = tag >>> 3;\n\t\tconst wire = tag & 7;\n\t\tif (fieldNum === 1) {\n\t\t\t// repeated uint64 location_id — usually packed\n\t\t\tif (wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {\n\t\t\t\tconst subLen = r.readVarint();\n\t\t\t\tsample.locationIds.push(...decodePackedVarints(r, subLen));\n\t\t\t} else if (wire === WIRE_VARINT) {\n\t\t\t\tsample.locationIds.push(r.readVarint());\n\t\t\t} else r.skipField(wire);\n\t\t} else if (fieldNum === 2) {\n\t\t\t// repeated int64 value — usually packed\n\t\t\tif (wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {\n\t\t\t\tconst subLen = r.readVarint();\n\t\t\t\tsample.values.push(...decodePackedVarints(r, subLen));\n\t\t\t} else if (wire === WIRE_VARINT) {\n\t\t\t\tsample.values.push(r.readVarint());\n\t\t\t} else r.skipField(wire);\n\t\t} else if (fieldNum === 3 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {\n\t\t\tconst subLen = r.readVarint();\n\t\t\tsample.labels.push(decodeLabel(r, subLen));\n\t\t} else r.skipField(wire);\n\t}\n\treturn sample;\n};\n\nconst decodeLine = (r: Reader, len: number): PprofLine => {\n\tconst end = r.position + len;\n\tlet functionId = 0;\n\tlet line = 0;\n\twhile (r.position < end) {\n\t\tconst tag = r.readVarint();\n\t\tconst fieldNum = tag >>> 3;\n\t\tconst wire = tag & 7;\n\t\tif (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) functionId = r.readVarint();\n\t\telse if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) line = r.readVarint();\n\t\telse r.skipField(wire);\n\t}\n\treturn { functionId, line };\n};\n\nconst decodeLocation = (r: Reader, len: number): PprofLocation => {\n\tconst end = r.position + len;\n\tconst loc: PprofLocation = { id: 0, lines: [], functionIds: [] };\n\twhile (r.position < end) {\n\t\tconst tag = r.readVarint();\n\t\tconst fieldNum = tag >>> 3;\n\t\tconst wire = tag & 7;\n\t\tif (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) loc.id = r.readVarint();\n\t\telse if (fieldNum === 4 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {\n\t\t\tconst subLen = r.readVarint();\n\t\t\tconst line = decodeLine(r, subLen);\n\t\t\tloc.lines.push(line);\n\t\t\tloc.functionIds.push(line.functionId);\n\t\t} else r.skipField(wire);\n\t}\n\treturn loc;\n};\n\nconst decodeFunction = (r: Reader, len: number): PprofFunction => {\n\tconst end = r.position + len;\n\tconst fn: PprofFunction = { id: 0, nameIdx: 0, filenameIdx: 0 };\n\twhile (r.position < end) {\n\t\tconst tag = r.readVarint();\n\t\tconst fieldNum = tag >>> 3;\n\t\tconst wire = tag & 7;\n\t\tif (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) fn.id = r.readVarint();\n\t\telse if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_VARINT)\n\t\t\tfn.nameIdx = r.readVarint();\n\t\telse if (fieldNum === 4 && wire === WIRE_VARINT)\n\t\t\tfn.filenameIdx = r.readVarint();\n\t\telse r.skipField(wire);\n\t}\n\treturn fn;\n};\n\nconst decodeValueType = (r: Reader, len: number): PprofValueType => {\n\tconst end = r.position + len;\n\tconst vt: PprofValueType = { typeIdx: 0, unitIdx: 0 };\n\twhile (r.position < end) {\n\t\tconst tag = r.readVarint();\n\t\tconst fieldNum = tag >>> 3;\n\t\tconst wire = tag & 7;\n\t\tif (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) vt.typeIdx = r.readVarint();\n\t\telse if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_VARINT)\n\t\t\tvt.unitIdx = r.readVarint();\n\t\telse r.skipField(wire);\n\t}\n\treturn vt;\n};\n\n// ── Top-level decoder ────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\nexport const decodePprof = (raw: Uint8Array): PprofProfile => {\n\tconst r = new Reader(raw);\n\tconst profile: PprofProfile = {\n\t\tsampleTypes: [],\n\t\tsamples: [],\n\t\tlocations: new Map(),\n\t\tfunctions: new Map(),\n\t\tstringTable: [],\n\t};\n\n\twhile (!r.eof) {\n\t\tconst tag = r.readVarint();\n\t\tconst fieldNum = tag >>> 3;\n\t\tconst wire = tag & 7;\n\t\tif (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {\n\t\t\tconst len = r.readVarint();\n\t\t\tprofile.sampleTypes.push(decodeValueType(r, len));\n\t\t} else if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {\n\t\t\tconst len = r.readVarint();\n\t\t\tprofile.samples.push(decodeSample(r, len));\n\t\t} else if (fieldNum === 4 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {\n\t\t\tconst len = r.readVarint();\n\t\t\tconst loc = decodeLocation(r, len);\n\t\t\tprofile.locations.set(loc.id, loc);\n\t\t} else if (fieldNum === 5 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {\n\t\t\tconst len = r.readVarint();\n\t\t\tconst fn = decodeFunction(r, len);\n\t\t\tprofile.functions.set(fn.id, fn);\n\t\t} else if (fieldNum === 6 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {\n\t\t\tconst len = r.readVarint();\n\t\t\tprofile.stringTable.push(r.readString(len));\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\tr.skipField(wire);\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\treturn profile;\n};\n\n/**\n * Decompress (if gzipped) + decode a raw pprof byte buffer. Workers and\n * modern browsers both expose `DecompressionStream(\"gzip\")` natively, so\n * a single implementation serves both runtimes.\n */\nexport const decodePprofBlob = async (\n\tbody: ArrayBuffer | Uint8Array,\n): Promise<PprofProfile> => {\n\tconst buf = body instanceof Uint8Array ? body : new Uint8Array(body);\n\tlet raw: Uint8Array;\n\t// gzip magic byte sniff. Uploaders may pre-decompress, but the\n\t// canonical pprof wire form is gzipped.\n\tif (buf.length >= 2 && buf[0] === 0x1f && buf[1] === 0x8b) {\n\t\t// Cast: Uint8Array is a valid BodyInit at runtime in both Workers\n\t\t// and browsers; lib.dom types disagree.\n\t\tconst stream = new Response(buf as unknown as BodyInit).body?.pipeThrough(\n\t\t\tnew DecompressionStream(\"gzip\"),\n\t\t);\n\t\traw = new Uint8Array(await new Response(stream).arrayBuffer());\n\t} else {\n\t\traw = buf;\n\t}\n\treturn decodePprof(raw);\n};\n\n// ── Encoder (used by the server-side trace_id filter that re-emits a\n// smaller blob; safe to expose from the shared package).\n// Symmetric to the decoder above; only emits the fields we read.\n\ninterface ByteSink {\n\tpush(byte: number): void;\n}\n\nclass ByteBuilder implements ByteSink {\n\tprivate buf = new Uint8Array(1024 * 16); // 16KB initial capacity\n\tprivate len = 0;\n\n\tget length(): number {\n\t\treturn this.len;\n\t}\n\n\tpush(byte: number): void {\n\t\tif (this.len >= this.buf.length) {\n\t\t\tconst next = new Uint8Array(this.buf.length * 2);\n\t\t\tnext.set(this.buf);\n\t\t\tthis.buf = next;\n\t\t}\n\t\tthis.buf[this.len++] = byte;\n\t}\n\n\t[Symbol.iterator]() {\n\t\treturn this.buf.subarray(0, this.len)[Symbol.iterator]();\n\t}\n\n\ttoArray(): Uint8Array {\n\t\treturn this.buf.subarray(0, this.len);\n\t}\n}\n\nconst writeVarint = (out: ByteSink, value: number): void => {\n\twhile (value >= 0x80) {\n\t\tout.push((value & 0x7f) | 0x80);\n\t\tvalue = Math.floor(value / 128);\n\t}\n\tout.push(value & 0x7f);\n};\n\nconst writeTag = (out: ByteSink, fieldNum: number, wireType: number): void =>\n\twriteVarint(out, (fieldNum << 3) | wireType);\n\nconst writeLengthDelimited = (\n\tout: ByteSink,\n\tfieldNum: number,\n\tbytes: number[] | Uint8Array,\n): void => {\n\twriteTag(out, fieldNum, WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);\n\twriteVarint(out, bytes.length);\n\tfor (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) out.push(bytes[i]);\n};\n\nconst writeString = (out: ByteSink, fieldNum: number, str: string): void => {\n\tconst bytes = new TextEncoder().encode(str);\n\twriteLengthDelimited(out, fieldNum, bytes);\n};\n\nconst writePackedVarints = (\n\tout: ByteSink,\n\tfieldNum: number,\n\tvalues: number[],\n): void => {\n\tif (values.length === 0) return;\n\tconst inner: number[] = [];\n\tfor (const v of values) writeVarint(inner, v);\n\twriteLengthDelimited(out, fieldNum, inner);\n};\n\nconst encodeLabel = (label: PprofLabel): number[] => {\n\tconst out: number[] = [];\n\tif (label.keyIdx) {\n\t\twriteTag(out, 1, WIRE_VARINT);\n\t\twriteVarint(out, label.keyIdx);\n\t}\n\tif (label.strIdx) {\n\t\twriteTag(out, 2, WIRE_VARINT);\n\t\twriteVarint(out, label.strIdx);\n\t}\n\tif (label.num) {\n\t\twriteTag(out, 3, WIRE_VARINT);\n\t\twriteVarint(out, label.num);\n\t}\n\treturn out;\n};\n\nconst encodeSample = (sample: PprofSample): number[] => {\n\tconst out: number[] = [];\n\twritePackedVarints(out, 1, sample.locationIds);\n\twritePackedVarints(out, 2, sample.values);\n\tfor (const label of sample.labels) {\n\t\twriteLengthDelimited(out, 3, encodeLabel(label));\n\t}\n\treturn out;\n};\n\nconst encodeValueType = (vt: PprofValueType): number[] => {\n\tconst out: number[] = [];\n\tif (vt.typeIdx) {\n\t\twriteTag(out, 1, WIRE_VARINT);\n\t\twriteVarint(out, vt.typeIdx);\n\t}\n\tif (vt.unitIdx) {\n\t\twriteTag(out, 2, WIRE_VARINT);\n\t\twriteVarint(out, vt.unitIdx);\n\t}\n\treturn out;\n};\n\nconst encodeLocation = (loc: PprofLocation): number[] => {\n\tconst out: number[] = [];\n\tif (loc.id) {\n\t\twriteTag(out, 1, WIRE_VARINT);\n\t\twriteVarint(out, loc.id);\n\t}\n\tconst lines =\n\t\tloc.lines ||\n\t\t(loc.functionIds || []).map((fid) => ({ functionId: fid, line: 0 }));\n\tfor (const line of lines) {\n\t\tconst lineBytes: number[] = [];\n\t\tif (line.functionId) {\n\t\t\twriteTag(lineBytes, 1, WIRE_VARINT);\n\t\t\twriteVarint(lineBytes, line.functionId);\n\t\t}\n\t\tif (line.line) {\n\t\t\twriteTag(lineBytes, 2, WIRE_VARINT);\n\t\t\twriteVarint(lineBytes, line.line);\n\t\t}\n\t\twriteLengthDelimited(out, 4, lineBytes);\n\t}\n\treturn out;\n};\n\nconst encodeFunction = (fn: PprofFunction): number[] => {\n\tconst out: number[] = [];\n\tif (fn.id) {\n\t\twriteTag(out, 1, WIRE_VARINT);\n\t\twriteVarint(out, fn.id);\n\t}\n\tif (fn.nameIdx) {\n\t\twriteTag(out, 2, WIRE_VARINT);\n\t\twriteVarint(out, fn.nameIdx);\n\t}\n\tif (fn.filenameIdx) {\n\t\twriteTag(out, 4, WIRE_VARINT);\n\t\twriteVarint(out, fn.filenameIdx);\n\t}\n\treturn out;\n};\n\nexport const encodePprof = (profile: PprofProfile): Uint8Array => {\n\tconst out = new ByteBuilder();\n\tfor (const vt of profile.sampleTypes) {\n\t\twriteLengthDelimited(out, 1, encodeValueType(vt));\n\t}\n\tfor (const sample of profile.samples) {\n\t\twriteLengthDelimited(out, 2, encodeSample(sample));\n\t}\n\tfor (const loc of profile.locations.values()) {\n\t\twriteLengthDelimited(out, 4, encodeLocation(loc));\n\t}\n\tfor (const fn of profile.functions.values()) {\n\t\twriteLengthDelimited(out, 5, encodeFunction(fn));\n\t}\n\tfor (const str of profile.stringTable) {\n\t\twriteString(out, 6, str);\n\t}\n\treturn out.toArray();\n};\n\n/** Convenience: gzip a Uint8Array using CompressionStream. */\nexport const gzipBytes = async (bytes: Uint8Array): Promise<Uint8Array> => {\n\tconst stream = new Response(bytes as unknown as BodyInit).body?.pipeThrough(\n\t\tnew CompressionStream(\"gzip\"),\n\t);\n\treturn new Uint8Array(await new 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package/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+  "name": "@obsunified/pprof-decoder",
+  "version": "2.0.1",
+  "description": "Minimal pprof decoder + encoder. Runs in browsers and Cloudflare Workers (uses DecompressionStream/CompressionStream).",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "https://github.com/obs-unified/obs-unified.git",
+    "directory": "packages/pprof-decoder"
+  },
+  "type": "module",
+  "main": "./dist/index.js",
+  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": {
+      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+      "import": "./dist/index.js"
+    }
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "dist",
+    "src",
+    "README.md"
+  ],
+  "sideEffects": false,
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tsup": "^8.3.5",
+    "typescript": "^6.0.2"
+  },
+  "publishConfig": {
+    "access": "public",
+    "registry": "https://registry.npmjs.org/"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "tsup",
+    "type-check": "tsc --noEmit",
+    "test": "vitest run --passWithNoTests"
+  }
+}

package/src/index.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+/**
+ * Trust-boundary tests for @obsunified/pprof-decoder.
+ *
+ * The collector decodes pprof bytes straight from untrusted producers
+ * (telemetry-sdk emitters and Beyla agents). Bugs in this decoder either
+ * crash the receiver or silently produce wrong analytics. The tests
+ * focus on (a) the encode→decode round trip we rely on for the trace_id
+ * filter and (b) failure modes on malformed input.
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+	decodePprof,
+	decodePprofBlob,
+	encodePprof,
+	gzipBytes,
+	type PprofProfile,
+	Reader,
+} from "./index";
+
+const emptyProfile = (): PprofProfile => ({
+	sampleTypes: [],
+	samples: [],
+	locations: new Map(),
+	functions: new Map(),
+	stringTable: [""],
+});
+
+const tinyProfile = (): PprofProfile => {
+	const stringTable = [
+		"",
+		"cpu",
+		"nanoseconds",
+		"main.handle",
+		"main.go",
+		"trace_id",
+		"abc123def4567890",
+	];
+	const functions = new Map();
+	functions.set(1, { id: 1, nameIdx: 3, filenameIdx: 4 });
+	const locations = new Map();
+	locations.set(1, {
+		id: 1,
+		lines: [{ functionId: 1, line: 42 }],
+		functionIds: [1],
+	});
+	return {
+		sampleTypes: [{ typeIdx: 1, unitIdx: 2 }],
+		samples: [
+			{
+				locationIds: [1],
+				values: [500],
+				labels: [{ keyIdx: 5, strIdx: 6, num: 0 }],
+			},
+		],
+		locations,
+		functions,
+		stringTable,
+	};
+};
+
+describe("pprof-decoder round-trip", () => {
+	it("decodes a tiny encoded profile preserving structure", () => {
+		const encoded = encodePprof(tinyProfile());
+		const decoded = decodePprof(encoded);
+
+		expect(decoded.stringTable).toEqual([
+			"",
+			"cpu",
+			"nanoseconds",
+			"main.handle",
+			"main.go",
+			"trace_id",
+			"abc123def4567890",
+		]);
+		expect(decoded.sampleTypes).toEqual([{ typeIdx: 1, unitIdx: 2 }]);
+		expect(decoded.samples).toHaveLength(1);
+		expect(decoded.samples[0].values).toEqual([500]);
+		expect(decoded.samples[0].locationIds).toEqual([1]);
+		expect(decoded.samples[0].labels[0]).toEqual({
+			keyIdx: 5,
+			strIdx: 6,
+			num: 0,
+		});
+		expect(decoded.functions.get(1)).toEqual({
+			id: 1,
+			nameIdx: 3,
+			filenameIdx: 4,
+		});
+		expect(decoded.locations.get(1)).toEqual({
+			id: 1,
+			lines: [{ functionId: 1, line: 42 }],
+			functionIds: [1],
+		});
+	});
+
+	it("round-trips an empty profile to a non-throwing decode", () => {
+		const decoded = decodePprof(encodePprof(emptyProfile()));
+		expect(decoded.samples).toEqual([]);
+		expect(decoded.locations.size).toBe(0);
+		expect(decoded.functions.size).toBe(0);
+	});
+});
+
+describe("pprof-decoder blob handling", () => {
+	it("decodes a gzipped blob", async () => {
+		const raw = encodePprof(tinyProfile());
+		const gz = await gzipBytes(raw);
+		expect(gz[0]).toBe(0x1f);
+		expect(gz[1]).toBe(0x8b);
+		const decoded = await decodePprofBlob(gz);
+		expect(decoded.samples).toHaveLength(1);
+	});
+
+	it("decodes an uncompressed blob (no gzip magic) via passthrough", async () => {
+		const raw = encodePprof(tinyProfile());
+		const decoded = await decodePprofBlob(raw);
+		expect(decoded.samples).toHaveLength(1);
+	});
+
+	it("accepts ArrayBuffer input", async () => {
+		const raw = encodePprof(tinyProfile());
+		const ab = raw.buffer.slice(
+			raw.byteOffset,
+			raw.byteOffset + raw.byteLength,
+		) as ArrayBuffer;
+		const decoded = await decodePprofBlob(ab);
+		expect(decoded.samples).toHaveLength(1);
+	});
+});
+
+describe("pprof-decoder error paths", () => {
+	it("throws on truncated varint (high bit set, no continuation byte)", () => {
+		// 0x80 keeps the continuation bit on but the buffer ends.
+		const r = new Reader(new Uint8Array([0x80]));
+		expect(() => r.readVarint()).toThrow(/unexpected end/);
+	});
+
+	it("throws on over-long varint (>10 bytes / shift > 63)", () => {
+		// 11 bytes of 0xff would push shift past 63 before terminating.
+		const bytes = new Uint8Array(11);
+		for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) bytes[i] = 0xff;
+		bytes[10] = 0x7f;
+		const r = new Reader(bytes);
+		expect(() => r.readVarint()).toThrow(/too long/);
+	});
+
+	it("throws on readBytes out-of-range", () => {
+		const r = new Reader(new Uint8Array([0x01, 0x02]));
+		expect(() => r.readBytes(10)).toThrow(/out of range/);
+	});
+
+	it("throws on unsupported wire type in skipField", () => {
+		const r = new Reader(new Uint8Array([0x00]));
+		expect(() => r.skipField(7)).toThrow(/unsupported wire type/);
+	});
+
+	it("decodePprof throws on a truncated stream", () => {
+		const encoded = encodePprof(tinyProfile());
+		// Lop off the last 5 bytes — guaranteed to land mid-field.
+		const truncated = encoded.slice(0, Math.max(0, encoded.length - 5));
+		expect(() => decodePprof(truncated)).toThrow();
+	});
+
+	it("decodePprof skips unknown top-level fields without throwing", () => {
+		// Construct a buffer that opens with a known field then an unknown
+		// (field 99, wire 2 = length-delimited, len 3). The decoder must
+		// skipField rather than choke.
+		const known = encodePprof(emptyProfile());
+		const unknown = new Uint8Array([
+			(99 << 3) | 2, // tag: field 99, wire 2
+			3, // len
+			0x01,
+			0x02,
+			0x03,
+		]);
+		const merged = new Uint8Array(known.length + unknown.length);
+		merged.set(known, 0);
+		merged.set(unknown, known.length);
+		expect(() => decodePprof(merged)).not.toThrow();
+	});
+});

package/src/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
+/**
+ * Minimal pprof decoder + encoder. Shared between the collector (server-
+ * side ingest parsing) and the dashboard (browser-side flame graph
+ * rendering). Both runtimes expose DecompressionStream/CompressionStream
+ * natively, so gzip handling lives here too.
+ *
+ * Why hand-rolled rather than `pprof-format` / `protobufjs`:
+ *   - we only need 5 of pprof's message types (sample, location, function,
+ *     value_type, string_table) — protobufjs pulls in a full reflection
+ *     runtime that triples the dashboard bundle for no upside
+ *   - the wire-format reader is < 100 lines and pure JS, deployable to
+ *     Workers without polyfills
+ *
+ * Wire format reference: https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/
+ * pprof message definitions: https://github.com/google/pprof/blob/main/proto/profile.proto
+ *
+ * Fields read: Profile.{sample_type, sample, location, function, string_table};
+ * Sample.{location_id, value, label}; Location.line.function_id; Function.{name, filename}.
+ *
+ * Fields explicitly skipped: Mapping, drop_frames, time_nanos, period,
+ * comments — none affect a flame graph render. If pprof gains a field
+ * we care about, extend decodePprof here once.
+ */
+
+// ── Wire types ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const WIRE_VARINT = 0;
+const WIRE_FIXED64 = 1;
+const WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED = 2;
+const WIRE_FIXED32 = 5;
+
+export class Reader {
+	private pos = 0;
+	private readonly decoder = new TextDecoder("utf-8");
+	constructor(private readonly buf: Uint8Array) {}
+
+	get eof(): boolean {
+		return this.pos >= this.buf.length;
+	}
+
+	get position(): number {
+		return this.pos;
+	}
+
+	readVarint(): number {
+		let result = 0;
+		let shift = 0;
+		while (true) {
+			if (this.pos >= this.buf.length) {
+				throw new Error("varint: unexpected end of buffer");
+			}
+			const byte = this.buf[this.pos++];
+			// JS numbers are precise up to 2^53. pprof fields we read
+			// (string-table indices, function ids, sample values) all fit.
+			// We cap shift at 63 to catch malformed 11+ byte varints.
+			result += (byte & 0x7f) * 2 ** shift;
+			if ((byte & 0x80) === 0) return result;
+			shift += 7;
+			if (shift > 63) throw new Error("varint: too long");
+		}
+	}
+
+	readBytes(len: number): Uint8Array {
+		if (this.pos + len > this.buf.length) {
+			throw new Error("readBytes: out of range");
+		}
+		const slice = this.buf.subarray(this.pos, this.pos + len);
+		this.pos += len;
+		return slice;
+	}
+
+	readString(len: number): string {
+		const bytes = this.readBytes(len);
+		return this.decoder.decode(bytes);
+	}
+
+	skipField(wireType: number): void {
+		switch (wireType) {
+			case WIRE_VARINT:
+				this.readVarint();
+				return;
+			case WIRE_FIXED64:
+				this.pos += 8;
+				return;
+			case WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED: {
+				const len = this.readVarint();
+				this.pos += len;
+				return;
+			}
+			case WIRE_FIXED32:
+				this.pos += 4;
+				return;
+			default:
+				throw new Error(`unsupported wire type: ${wireType}`);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// ── pprof types we care about ────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export interface PprofLabel {
+	keyIdx: number;
+	strIdx: number;
+	num: number;
+}
+
+export interface PprofSample {
+	locationIds: number[];
+	values: number[];
+	labels: PprofLabel[];
+}
+
+export interface PprofLine {
+	functionId: number;
+	line: number;
+}
+
+export interface PprofLocation {
+	id: number;
+	lines: PprofLine[];
+	functionIds: number[];
+}
+
+export interface PprofFunction {
+	id: number;
+	nameIdx: number;
+	filenameIdx: number;
+}
+
+export interface PprofValueType {
+	typeIdx: number;
+	unitIdx: number;
+}
+
+export interface PprofProfile {
+	sampleTypes: PprofValueType[];
+	samples: PprofSample[];
+	locations: Map<number, PprofLocation>;
+	functions: Map<number, PprofFunction>;
+	stringTable: string[];
+}
+
+// ── Field-level decoders ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const decodePackedVarints = (r: Reader, len: number): number[] => {
+	const end = r.position + len;
+	const out: number[] = [];
+	while (r.position < end) out.push(r.readVarint());
+	return out;
+};
+
+const decodeLabel = (r: Reader, len: number): PprofLabel => {
+	const end = r.position + len;
+	const label: PprofLabel = { keyIdx: 0, strIdx: 0, num: 0 };
+	while (r.position < end) {
+		const tag = r.readVarint();
+		const fieldNum = tag >>> 3;
+		const wire = tag & 7;
+		if (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) label.keyIdx = r.readVarint();
+		else if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_VARINT)
+			label.strIdx = r.readVarint();
+		else if (fieldNum === 3 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) label.num = r.readVarint();
+		else r.skipField(wire);
+	}
+	return label;
+};
+
+const decodeSample = (r: Reader, len: number): PprofSample => {
+	const end = r.position + len;
+	const sample: PprofSample = {
+		locationIds: [],
+		values: [],
+		labels: [],
+	};
+	while (r.position < end) {
+		const tag = r.readVarint();
+		const fieldNum = tag >>> 3;
+		const wire = tag & 7;
+		if (fieldNum === 1) {
+			// repeated uint64 location_id — usually packed
+			if (wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+				const subLen = r.readVarint();
+				sample.locationIds.push(...decodePackedVarints(r, subLen));
+			} else if (wire === WIRE_VARINT) {
+				sample.locationIds.push(r.readVarint());
+			} else r.skipField(wire);
+		} else if (fieldNum === 2) {
+			// repeated int64 value — usually packed
+			if (wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+				const subLen = r.readVarint();
+				sample.values.push(...decodePackedVarints(r, subLen));
+			} else if (wire === WIRE_VARINT) {
+				sample.values.push(r.readVarint());
+			} else r.skipField(wire);
+		} else if (fieldNum === 3 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+			const subLen = r.readVarint();
+			sample.labels.push(decodeLabel(r, subLen));
+		} else r.skipField(wire);
+	}
+	return sample;
+};
+
+const decodeLine = (r: Reader, len: number): PprofLine => {
+	const end = r.position + len;
+	let functionId = 0;
+	let line = 0;
+	while (r.position < end) {
+		const tag = r.readVarint();
+		const fieldNum = tag >>> 3;
+		const wire = tag & 7;
+		if (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) functionId = r.readVarint();
+		else if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) line = r.readVarint();
+		else r.skipField(wire);
+	}
+	return { functionId, line };
+};
+
+const decodeLocation = (r: Reader, len: number): PprofLocation => {
+	const end = r.position + len;
+	const loc: PprofLocation = { id: 0, lines: [], functionIds: [] };
+	while (r.position < end) {
+		const tag = r.readVarint();
+		const fieldNum = tag >>> 3;
+		const wire = tag & 7;
+		if (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) loc.id = r.readVarint();
+		else if (fieldNum === 4 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+			const subLen = r.readVarint();
+			const line = decodeLine(r, subLen);
+			loc.lines.push(line);
+			loc.functionIds.push(line.functionId);
+		} else r.skipField(wire);
+	}
+	return loc;
+};
+
+const decodeFunction = (r: Reader, len: number): PprofFunction => {
+	const end = r.position + len;
+	const fn: PprofFunction = { id: 0, nameIdx: 0, filenameIdx: 0 };
+	while (r.position < end) {
+		const tag = r.readVarint();
+		const fieldNum = tag >>> 3;
+		const wire = tag & 7;
+		if (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) fn.id = r.readVarint();
+		else if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_VARINT)
+			fn.nameIdx = r.readVarint();
+		else if (fieldNum === 4 && wire === WIRE_VARINT)
+			fn.filenameIdx = r.readVarint();
+		else r.skipField(wire);
+	}
+	return fn;
+};
+
+const decodeValueType = (r: Reader, len: number): PprofValueType => {
+	const end = r.position + len;
+	const vt: PprofValueType = { typeIdx: 0, unitIdx: 0 };
+	while (r.position < end) {
+		const tag = r.readVarint();
+		const fieldNum = tag >>> 3;
+		const wire = tag & 7;
+		if (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_VARINT) vt.typeIdx = r.readVarint();
+		else if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_VARINT)
+			vt.unitIdx = r.readVarint();
+		else r.skipField(wire);
+	}
+	return vt;
+};
+
+// ── Top-level decoder ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export const decodePprof = (raw: Uint8Array): PprofProfile => {
+	const r = new Reader(raw);
+	const profile: PprofProfile = {
+		sampleTypes: [],
+		samples: [],
+		locations: new Map(),
+		functions: new Map(),
+		stringTable: [],
+	};
+
+	while (!r.eof) {
+		const tag = r.readVarint();
+		const fieldNum = tag >>> 3;
+		const wire = tag & 7;
+		if (fieldNum === 1 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+			const len = r.readVarint();
+			profile.sampleTypes.push(decodeValueType(r, len));
+		} else if (fieldNum === 2 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+			const len = r.readVarint();
+			profile.samples.push(decodeSample(r, len));
+		} else if (fieldNum === 4 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+			const len = r.readVarint();
+			const loc = decodeLocation(r, len);
+			profile.locations.set(loc.id, loc);
+		} else if (fieldNum === 5 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+			const len = r.readVarint();
+			const fn = decodeFunction(r, len);
+			profile.functions.set(fn.id, fn);
+		} else if (fieldNum === 6 && wire === WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
+			const len = r.readVarint();
+			profile.stringTable.push(r.readString(len));
+		} else {
+			r.skipField(wire);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return profile;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Decompress (if gzipped) + decode a raw pprof byte buffer. Workers and
+ * modern browsers both expose `DecompressionStream("gzip")` natively, so
+ * a single implementation serves both runtimes.
+ */
+export const decodePprofBlob = async (
+	body: ArrayBuffer | Uint8Array,
+): Promise<PprofProfile> => {
+	const buf = body instanceof Uint8Array ? body : new Uint8Array(body);
+	let raw: Uint8Array;
+	// gzip magic byte sniff. Uploaders may pre-decompress, but the
+	// canonical pprof wire form is gzipped.
+	if (buf.length >= 2 && buf[0] === 0x1f && buf[1] === 0x8b) {
+		// Cast: Uint8Array is a valid BodyInit at runtime in both Workers
+		// and browsers; lib.dom types disagree.
+		const stream = new Response(buf as unknown as BodyInit).body?.pipeThrough(
+			new DecompressionStream("gzip"),
+		);
+		raw = new Uint8Array(await new Response(stream).arrayBuffer());
+	} else {
+		raw = buf;
+	}
+	return decodePprof(raw);
+};
+
+// ── Encoder (used by the server-side trace_id filter that re-emits a
+// smaller blob; safe to expose from the shared package).
+// Symmetric to the decoder above; only emits the fields we read.
+
+interface ByteSink {
+	push(byte: number): void;
+}
+
+class ByteBuilder implements ByteSink {
+	private buf = new Uint8Array(1024 * 16); // 16KB initial capacity
+	private len = 0;
+
+	get length(): number {
+		return this.len;
+	}
+
+	push(byte: number): void {
+		if (this.len >= this.buf.length) {
+			const next = new Uint8Array(this.buf.length * 2);
+			next.set(this.buf);
+			this.buf = next;
+		}
+		this.buf[this.len++] = byte;
+	}
+
+	[Symbol.iterator]() {
+		return this.buf.subarray(0, this.len)[Symbol.iterator]();
+	}
+
+	toArray(): Uint8Array {
+		return this.buf.subarray(0, this.len);
+	}
+}
+
+const writeVarint = (out: ByteSink, value: number): void => {
+	while (value >= 0x80) {
+		out.push((value & 0x7f) | 0x80);
+		value = Math.floor(value / 128);
+	}
+	out.push(value & 0x7f);
+};
+
+const writeTag = (out: ByteSink, fieldNum: number, wireType: number): void =>
+	writeVarint(out, (fieldNum << 3) | wireType);
+
+const writeLengthDelimited = (
+	out: ByteSink,
+	fieldNum: number,
+	bytes: number[] | Uint8Array,
+): void => {
+	writeTag(out, fieldNum, WIRE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+	writeVarint(out, bytes.length);
+	for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) out.push(bytes[i]);
+};
+
+const writeString = (out: ByteSink, fieldNum: number, str: string): void => {
+	const bytes = new TextEncoder().encode(str);
+	writeLengthDelimited(out, fieldNum, bytes);
+};
+
+const writePackedVarints = (
+	out: ByteSink,
+	fieldNum: number,
+	values: number[],
+): void => {
+	if (values.length === 0) return;
+	const inner: number[] = [];
+	for (const v of values) writeVarint(inner, v);
+	writeLengthDelimited(out, fieldNum, inner);
+};
+
+const encodeLabel = (label: PprofLabel): number[] => {
+	const out: number[] = [];
+	if (label.keyIdx) {
+		writeTag(out, 1, WIRE_VARINT);
+		writeVarint(out, label.keyIdx);
+	}
+	if (label.strIdx) {
+		writeTag(out, 2, WIRE_VARINT);
+		writeVarint(out, label.strIdx);
+	}
+	if (label.num) {
+		writeTag(out, 3, WIRE_VARINT);
+		writeVarint(out, label.num);
+	}
+	return out;
+};
+
+const encodeSample = (sample: PprofSample): number[] => {
+	const out: number[] = [];
+	writePackedVarints(out, 1, sample.locationIds);
+	writePackedVarints(out, 2, sample.values);
+	for (const label of sample.labels) {
+		writeLengthDelimited(out, 3, encodeLabel(label));
+	}
+	return out;
+};
+
+const encodeValueType = (vt: PprofValueType): number[] => {
+	const out: number[] = [];
+	if (vt.typeIdx) {
+		writeTag(out, 1, WIRE_VARINT);
+		writeVarint(out, vt.typeIdx);
+	}
+	if (vt.unitIdx) {
+		writeTag(out, 2, WIRE_VARINT);
+		writeVarint(out, vt.unitIdx);
+	}
+	return out;
+};
+
+const encodeLocation = (loc: PprofLocation): number[] => {
+	const out: number[] = [];
+	if (loc.id) {
+		writeTag(out, 1, WIRE_VARINT);
+		writeVarint(out, loc.id);
+	}
+	const lines =
+		loc.lines ||
+		(loc.functionIds || []).map((fid) => ({ functionId: fid, line: 0 }));
+	for (const line of lines) {
+		const lineBytes: number[] = [];
+		if (line.functionId) {
+			writeTag(lineBytes, 1, WIRE_VARINT);
+			writeVarint(lineBytes, line.functionId);
+		}
+		if (line.line) {
+			writeTag(lineBytes, 2, WIRE_VARINT);
+			writeVarint(lineBytes, line.line);
+		}
+		writeLengthDelimited(out, 4, lineBytes);
+	}
+	return out;
+};
+
+const encodeFunction = (fn: PprofFunction): number[] => {
+	const out: number[] = [];
+	if (fn.id) {
+		writeTag(out, 1, WIRE_VARINT);
+		writeVarint(out, fn.id);
+	}
+	if (fn.nameIdx) {
+		writeTag(out, 2, WIRE_VARINT);
+		writeVarint(out, fn.nameIdx);
+	}
+	if (fn.filenameIdx) {
+		writeTag(out, 4, WIRE_VARINT);
+		writeVarint(out, fn.filenameIdx);
+	}
+	return out;
+};
+
+export const encodePprof = (profile: PprofProfile): Uint8Array => {
+	const out = new ByteBuilder();
+	for (const vt of profile.sampleTypes) {
+		writeLengthDelimited(out, 1, encodeValueType(vt));
+	}
+	for (const sample of profile.samples) {
+		writeLengthDelimited(out, 2, encodeSample(sample));
+	}
+	for (const loc of profile.locations.values()) {
+		writeLengthDelimited(out, 4, encodeLocation(loc));
+	}
+	for (const fn of profile.functions.values()) {
+		writeLengthDelimited(out, 5, encodeFunction(fn));
+	}
+	for (const str of profile.stringTable) {
+		writeString(out, 6, str);
+	}
+	return out.toArray();
+};
+
+/** Convenience: gzip a Uint8Array using CompressionStream. */
+export const gzipBytes = async (bytes: Uint8Array): Promise<Uint8Array> => {
+	const stream = new Response(bytes as unknown as BodyInit).body?.pipeThrough(
+		new CompressionStream("gzip"),
+	);
+	return new Uint8Array(await new Response(stream).arrayBuffer());
+};