@objectstack/formula 4.0.4 → 4.0.5

package/.turbo/turbo-build.log

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-> @objectstack/formula@4.0.4 build /home/runner/work/framework/framework/packages/formula
+> @objectstack/formula@4.0.5 build /home/runner/work/framework/framework/packages/formula
 > tsup --config ../../tsup.config.ts
 
 CLI Building entry: src/index.ts
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@
 CLI Cleaning output folder
 ESM Build start
 CJS Build start
-ESM dist/index.mjs     8.51 KB
-ESM dist/index.mjs.map 22.93 KB
-ESM ⚡️ Build success in 83ms
-CJS dist/index.js     9.93 KB
-CJS dist/index.js.map 23.80 KB
-CJS ⚡️ Build success in 85ms
+ESM dist/index.mjs     12.57 KB
+ESM dist/index.mjs.map 33.26 KB
+ESM ⚡️ Build success in 75ms
+CJS dist/index.js     14.06 KB
+CJS dist/index.js.map 34.24 KB
+CJS ⚡️ Build success in 75ms
 DTS Build start
-DTS ⚡️ Build success in 2326ms
-DTS dist/index.d.mts 9.36 KB
-DTS dist/index.d.ts  9.36 KB
+DTS ⚡️ Build success in 2249ms
+DTS dist/index.d.mts 10.73 KB
+DTS dist/index.d.ts  10.73 KB

package/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# @objectstack/formula
+
+## 4.0.5
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- 15e0df6: chore: unify all package versions to a single patch release
+- Updated dependencies [15e0df6]
+  - @objectstack/spec@4.0.5

package/dist/index.d.mts

@@ -162,6 +162,40 @@ declare const DEFAULT_LIMITS: {
 };
 declare const celEngine: DialectEngine;
 
+/**
+ * Cron dialect engine.
+ *
+ * Validates cron expressions at compile time without depending on a parser.
+ * Actual schedule firing lives in the scheduler service — this engine just
+ * round-trips the expression through `Expression.evaluate`, returning the
+ * source so callers can hand it to a scheduler library.
+ *
+ * Accepted forms:
+ *   - 5-field standard cron:  `m h dom mon dow`
+ *   - 6-field extended cron:  `s m h dom mon dow`
+ *   - Aliases: @yearly, @annually, @monthly, @weekly, @daily, @hourly, @reboot
+ */
+
+declare const cronEngine: DialectEngine;
+
+/**
+ * Template dialect engine — strict Mustache subset.
+ *
+ * Supports `{{path.to.value}}` interpolation only. No conditionals, no loops,
+ * no helpers. The variable scope is the same as CEL (`record`, `previous`,
+ * `input`, `os.user`, `os.org`, `os.env`, plus `extra`), so authors can move
+ * fluidly between a CEL formula and a template body without re-learning a
+ * second variable namespace.
+ *
+ * Why a separate dialect from CEL: templates produce strings (notification
+ * subjects, prompt bodies, titleFormat). CEL is a value-typed expression
+ * language. Routing them through the same envelope (`{ dialect: 'template' }`)
+ * keeps the AI author rule simple — "anything templated or computed is an
+ * Expression" — without conflating the two semantics.
+ */
+
+declare const templateEngine: DialectEngine;
+
 /**
  * ObjectStack standard CEL function library.
  *
@@ -237,4 +271,4 @@ declare function normalizeExpressionTree(root: unknown, path?: string[]): {
     error: EvalError;
 } | null;
 
-export { DEFAULT_LIMITS, type DialectEngine, type EvalContext, type EvalError, type EvalResult, ExpressionEngine, type SeedPrimitive, type SeedValue, buildScope, celEngine, getEngine, hasDialect, normalizeExpression, normalizeExpressionTree, register, registerStdLib, resolveSeed, resolveSeedRecord };
+export { DEFAULT_LIMITS, type DialectEngine, type EvalContext, type EvalError, type EvalResult, ExpressionEngine, type SeedPrimitive, type SeedValue, buildScope, celEngine, cronEngine, getEngine, hasDialect, normalizeExpression, normalizeExpressionTree, register, registerStdLib, resolveSeed, resolveSeedRecord, templateEngine };

package/dist/index.d.ts

@@ -162,6 +162,40 @@ declare const DEFAULT_LIMITS: {
 };
 declare const celEngine: DialectEngine;
 
+/**
+ * Cron dialect engine.
+ *
+ * Validates cron expressions at compile time without depending on a parser.
+ * Actual schedule firing lives in the scheduler service — this engine just
+ * round-trips the expression through `Expression.evaluate`, returning the
+ * source so callers can hand it to a scheduler library.
+ *
+ * Accepted forms:
+ *   - 5-field standard cron:  `m h dom mon dow`
+ *   - 6-field extended cron:  `s m h dom mon dow`
+ *   - Aliases: @yearly, @annually, @monthly, @weekly, @daily, @hourly, @reboot
+ */
+
+declare const cronEngine: DialectEngine;
+
+/**
+ * Template dialect engine — strict Mustache subset.
+ *
+ * Supports `{{path.to.value}}` interpolation only. No conditionals, no loops,
+ * no helpers. The variable scope is the same as CEL (`record`, `previous`,
+ * `input`, `os.user`, `os.org`, `os.env`, plus `extra`), so authors can move
+ * fluidly between a CEL formula and a template body without re-learning a
+ * second variable namespace.
+ *
+ * Why a separate dialect from CEL: templates produce strings (notification
+ * subjects, prompt bodies, titleFormat). CEL is a value-typed expression
+ * language. Routing them through the same envelope (`{ dialect: 'template' }`)
+ * keeps the AI author rule simple — "anything templated or computed is an
+ * Expression" — without conflating the two semantics.
+ */
+
+declare const templateEngine: DialectEngine;
+
 /**
  * ObjectStack standard CEL function library.
  *
@@ -237,4 +271,4 @@ declare function normalizeExpressionTree(root: unknown, path?: string[]): {
     error: EvalError;
 } | null;
 
-export { DEFAULT_LIMITS, type DialectEngine, type EvalContext, type EvalError, type EvalResult, ExpressionEngine, type SeedPrimitive, type SeedValue, buildScope, celEngine, getEngine, hasDialect, normalizeExpression, normalizeExpressionTree, register, registerStdLib, resolveSeed, resolveSeedRecord };
+export { DEFAULT_LIMITS, type DialectEngine, type EvalContext, type EvalError, type EvalResult, ExpressionEngine, type SeedPrimitive, type SeedValue, buildScope, celEngine, cronEngine, getEngine, hasDialect, normalizeExpression, normalizeExpressionTree, register, registerStdLib, resolveSeed, resolveSeedRecord, templateEngine };

package/dist/index.js

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ __export(index_exports, {
   ExpressionEngine: () => ExpressionEngine,
   buildScope: () => buildScope,
   celEngine: () => celEngine,
+  cronEngine: () => cronEngine,
   getEngine: () => getEngine,
   hasDialect: () => hasDialect,
   normalizeExpression: () => normalizeExpression,
@@ -31,7 +32,8 @@ __export(index_exports, {
   register: () => register,
   registerStdLib: () => registerStdLib,
   resolveSeed: () => resolveSeed,
-  resolveSeedRecord: () => resolveSeedRecord
+  resolveSeedRecord: () => resolveSeedRecord,
+  templateEngine: () => templateEngine
 });
 module.exports = __toCommonJS(index_exports);
 
@@ -59,6 +61,17 @@ function registerStdLib(env, now) {
   ).registerFunction(
     "daysAgo(int): google.protobuf.Timestamp",
     (n) => addDaysUtc(now(), -Number(n))
+  ).registerFunction(
+    "isBlank(dyn): bool",
+    (value) => {
+      if (value === null || value === void 0) return true;
+      if (typeof value === "string") return value.length === 0;
+      if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.length === 0;
+      return false;
+    }
+  ).registerFunction(
+    "coalesce(dyn, dyn): dyn",
+    (value, fallback) => value === null || value === void 0 ? fallback : value
   );
 }
 function buildScope(ctx) {
@@ -158,6 +171,143 @@ var celEngine = {
   }
 };
 
+// src/cron-engine.ts
+var ALIASES = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
+  "@yearly",
+  "@annually",
+  "@monthly",
+  "@weekly",
+  "@daily",
+  "@hourly",
+  "@reboot"
+]);
+function validate(source) {
+  const trimmed = source.trim();
+  if (trimmed.length === 0) {
+    return { ok: false, error: { kind: "parse", message: "cron source is empty" } };
+  }
+  if (trimmed.startsWith("@")) {
+    if (!ALIASES.has(trimmed)) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: { kind: "parse", message: `unknown cron alias '${trimmed}'` }
+      };
+    }
+    return { ok: true, value: trimmed };
+  }
+  const fields = trimmed.split(/\s+/);
+  if (fields.length !== 5 && fields.length !== 6) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      error: {
+        kind: "parse",
+        message: `cron requires 5 or 6 space-separated fields, got ${fields.length}`
+      }
+    };
+  }
+  const allowed = /^[\d*/,\-?LWA-Z#]+$/i;
+  for (let i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
+    if (!allowed.test(fields[i])) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: {
+          kind: "parse",
+          message: `cron field ${i + 1} contains invalid characters: '${fields[i]}'`
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  }
+  return { ok: true, value: trimmed };
+}
+var cronEngine = {
+  dialect: "cron",
+  compile(source) {
+    return validate(source);
+  },
+  evaluate(expr, _ctx) {
+    if (expr.dialect !== "cron") {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: { kind: "dialect", message: `cronEngine cannot evaluate dialect '${expr.dialect}'` }
+      };
+    }
+    if (typeof expr.source !== "string") {
+      return { ok: false, error: { kind: "parse", message: "cron Expression.source required" } };
+    }
+    const result = validate(expr.source);
+    if (!result.ok) return result;
+    return { ok: true, value: result.value };
+  }
+};
+
+// src/template-engine.ts
+var PATH_RE = /\{\{\s*([\w.[\]]+?)\s*\}\}/g;
+function resolvePath(scope, path) {
+  const normalized = path.replace(/\[(\w+)\]/g, ".$1");
+  const segments = normalized.split(".").filter(Boolean);
+  let cursor = scope;
+  for (const seg of segments) {
+    if (cursor == null || typeof cursor !== "object") return void 0;
+    cursor = cursor[seg];
+  }
+  return cursor;
+}
+function stringify(value) {
+  if (value === null || value === void 0) return "";
+  if (value instanceof Date) return value.toISOString();
+  if (typeof value === "string") return value;
+  if (typeof value === "number" || typeof value === "boolean") return String(value);
+  if (typeof value === "bigint") return value.toString();
+  try {
+    return JSON.stringify(value);
+  } catch {
+    return String(value);
+  }
+}
+function compileTemplate(source) {
+  const matches = source.match(/\{\{|\}\}/g) ?? [];
+  if (matches.length % 2 !== 0) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      error: { kind: "parse", message: "template has unbalanced {{ }} delimiters" }
+    };
+  }
+  const refs = [];
+  let m;
+  PATH_RE.lastIndex = 0;
+  while ((m = PATH_RE.exec(source)) !== null) {
+    refs.push(m[1]);
+  }
+  return { ok: true, value: refs };
+}
+var templateEngine = {
+  dialect: "template",
+  compile(source) {
+    return compileTemplate(source);
+  },
+  evaluate(expr, ctx) {
+    if (expr.dialect !== "template") {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: { kind: "dialect", message: `templateEngine cannot evaluate dialect '${expr.dialect}'` }
+      };
+    }
+    if (typeof expr.source !== "string") {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: { kind: "parse", message: "template Expression.source required" }
+      };
+    }
+    const check = compileTemplate(expr.source);
+    if (!check.ok) return check;
+    const scope = buildScope(ctx);
+    const out = expr.source.replace(PATH_RE, (_match, path) => {
+      return stringify(resolvePath(scope, path));
+    });
+    return { ok: true, value: out };
+  }
+};
+
 // src/registry.ts
 var registry = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
 function register(engine) {
@@ -177,8 +327,9 @@ function makeStub(dialect, reason) {
   };
 }
 register(celEngine);
+register(cronEngine);
+register(templateEngine);
 register(makeStub("js", "dialect 'js' not registered. Install @objectstack/plugin-js-vm"));
-register(makeStub("cron", "dialect 'cron' not registered. Install @objectstack/plugin-cron"));
 var ExpressionEngine = {
   register,
   getEngine,
@@ -323,6 +474,7 @@ function looksLikeExpression(value) {
   ExpressionEngine,
   buildScope,
   celEngine,
+  cronEngine,
   getEngine,
   hasDialect,
   normalizeExpression,
@@ -330,6 +482,7 @@ function looksLikeExpression(value) {
   register,
   registerStdLib,
   resolveSeed,
-  resolveSeedRecord
+  resolveSeedRecord,
+  templateEngine
 });
 //# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map

package/dist/index.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"sources":["../src/index.ts","../src/cel-engine.ts","../src/stdlib.ts","../src/registry.ts","../src/seed-eval.ts","../src/normalize.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * @objectstack/formula\n *\n * Canonical expression engine for ObjectStack. CEL (Common Expression\n * Language) is the default dialect; `js` and `cron` are dispatched to\n * dedicated plugin engines.\n *\n * @see content/docs/concepts/north-star.mdx §8 \"No private expression DSL\"\n * @see ROADMAP.md M9 \"Expression Unification\"\n */\n\nexport { ExpressionEngine, getEngine, hasDialect, register } from './registry';\nexport { celEngine, DEFAULT_LIMITS } from './cel-engine';\nexport { registerStdLib, buildScope } from './stdlib';\nexport { resolveSeed, resolveSeedRecord } from './seed-eval';\nexport { normalizeExpression, normalizeExpressionTree } from './normalize';\nexport type { SeedValue, SeedPrimitive } from './seed-eval';\nexport type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult, EvalError } from './types';\n","/**\n * CEL dialect engine — wraps `@marcbachmann/cel-js` with the ObjectStack\n * stdlib, bounded execution limits, and result coercion.\n *\n * Why a thin wrapper:\n *\n *  - cel-js returns `BigInt` for ints. The kernel and CRM expect plain\n *    numbers, so we coerce at the boundary.\n *  - cel-js parses dotted names as receiver-typed methods; we register\n *    `now()`, `today()`, `daysFromNow()` as bare functions and let `os.*`\n *    refer to context data only (see {@link buildScope}).\n *  - Bounds (`maxAstNodes`, `maxDepth`, …) are enforced spec-wide so\n *    third-party plugins can't ship runaway predicates.\n */\n\nimport { Environment } from '@marcbachmann/cel-js';\nimport type { Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport { buildScope, registerStdLib } from './stdlib';\nimport type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\n\n/**\n * Default execution bounds. Picked conservatively — every metadata-authored\n * expression we've seen is well under these. If you hit them, the expression\n * is too complex for ObjectStack and should be moved to a hook (`dialect: js`).\n */\nexport const DEFAULT_LIMITS = {\n  maxAstNodes: 256,\n  maxDepth: 32,\n  maxListElements: 64,\n  maxMapEntries: 64,\n  maxCallArguments: 16,\n} as const;\n\nfunction buildEnv(now: () => Date): Environment {\n  const env = new Environment({\n    unlistedVariablesAreDyn: true,\n    enableOptionalTypes: true,\n    limits: DEFAULT_LIMITS,\n  });\n  return registerStdLib(env, now);\n}\n\n/** Coerce cel-js's BigInt-flavored return into spec-friendly JS values. */\nfunction coerce(value: unknown): unknown {\n  if (typeof value === 'bigint') {\n    // BigInt → number when safe, else string to avoid silent truncation.\n    if (value >= BigInt(Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER) && value <= BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)) {\n      return Number(value);\n    }\n    return value.toString();\n  }\n  if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.map(coerce);\n  if (value && typeof value === 'object' && !(value instanceof Date)) {\n    const out: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(value)) out[k] = coerce(v);\n    return out;\n  }\n  return value;\n}\n\nfunction classifyError(err: unknown): EvalResult<never> {\n  const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);\n  let kind: 'parse' | 'type' | 'runtime' | 'bounds' = 'runtime';\n  if (/Exceeded max/i.test(message)) kind = 'bounds';\n  else if (/parse|unexpected|syntax/i.test(message)) kind = 'parse';\n  else if (/type|unknown variable|undeclared/i.test(message)) kind = 'type';\n  return { ok: false, error: { kind, message } };\n}\n\nexport const celEngine: DialectEngine = {\n  dialect: 'cel',\n\n  compile(source: string): EvalResult<unknown> {\n    try {\n      // We use a wall-clock now() here purely for parse-time stdlib\n      // type-checking; the function is never actually called.\n      const env = buildEnv(() => new Date(0));\n      const compiled = env.parse(source);\n      // Surface check errors eagerly.\n      const checkErrors = compiled.check?.();\n      if (checkErrors && Array.isArray(checkErrors) && checkErrors.length > 0) {\n        return {\n          ok: false,\n          error: { kind: 'type', message: checkErrors.join('; ') },\n        };\n      }\n      return { ok: true, value: compiled.ast };\n    } catch (err) {\n      return classifyError(err);\n    }\n  },\n\n  evaluate<T = unknown>(expr: Expression, ctx: EvalContext): EvalResult<T> {\n    if (expr.dialect !== 'cel') {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `celEngine cannot evaluate dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    const source = expr.source;\n    if (typeof source !== 'string' || source.length === 0) {\n      // AST-only inputs: cel-js does not currently expose a public API to\n      // re-execute a parsed AST without re-serializing. We persist `source`\n      // as the canonical form during M9.1 and revisit AST-only execution in\n      // M9.7 when we cut the spec persistence over.\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'AST-only evaluation not yet supported; persist `source`' },\n      };\n    }\n\n    const now = () => ctx.now ?? new Date();\n    try {\n      const env = buildEnv(now);\n      const scope = buildScope(ctx);\n      const raw = env.evaluate(source, scope);\n      return { ok: true, value: coerce(raw) as T };\n    } catch (err) {\n      return classifyError(err);\n    }\n  },\n};\n","/**\n * ObjectStack standard CEL function library.\n *\n * Registered into the per-evaluation `Environment` by the CEL engine. All\n * functions are pure given a pinned `now` — that determinism is what makes\n * `objectstack build` artifacts byte-stable across runs.\n *\n * Function naming intentionally avoids the `os.` prefix because cel-js binds\n * dotted names to receiver types. Instead, the `os` namespace in CEL holds\n * *data* (`os.user`, `os.org`, `os.env`) supplied by the caller's\n * {@link EvalContext}.\n */\n\nimport type { Environment } from '@marcbachmann/cel-js';\n\nimport type { EvalContext } from './types';\n\n/** Truncate a Date to start-of-day in UTC. */\nfunction startOfDayUtc(d: Date): Date {\n  const out = new Date(d.getTime());\n  out.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  return out;\n}\n\n/** Add `n` days to a Date in UTC; returns a new Date. */\nfunction addDaysUtc(d: Date, n: number): Date {\n  const out = new Date(d.getTime());\n  out.setUTCDate(out.getUTCDate() + n);\n  return out;\n}\n\n/**\n * Register the ObjectStack standard library into a CEL environment.\n *\n * The `now` resolver is closed over so each call uses the pinned\n * `EvalContext.now` (or wall-clock fallback). Implementations are kept tiny\n * and dependency-free — they're the contract surface for AI authors and must\n * stay legible.\n */\nexport function registerStdLib(\n  env: Environment,\n  now: () => Date,\n): Environment {\n  return env\n    .registerFunction('now(): google.protobuf.Timestamp', () => now())\n    .registerFunction(\n      'today(): google.protobuf.Timestamp',\n      () => startOfDayUtc(now()),\n    )\n    .registerFunction(\n      'daysFromNow(int): google.protobuf.Timestamp',\n      (n: bigint | number) => addDaysUtc(now(), Number(n)),\n    )\n    .registerFunction(\n      'daysAgo(int): google.protobuf.Timestamp',\n      (n: bigint | number) => addDaysUtc(now(), -Number(n)),\n    );\n}\n\n/**\n * Build the variable scope for a single evaluation. Absent fields are simply\n * not bound — CEL macros (`has(record.foo)`) handle missing-key safely.\n */\nexport function buildScope(ctx: EvalContext): Record<string, unknown> {\n  const scope: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n\n  if (ctx.record !== undefined) scope.record = ctx.record;\n  if (ctx.previous !== undefined) scope.previous = ctx.previous;\n  if (ctx.input !== undefined) scope.input = ctx.input;\n\n  // Namespaced data — written as `os.user.id`, `os.env`, etc. in CEL.\n  const os: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n  if (ctx.user !== undefined) os.user = ctx.user;\n  if (ctx.org !== undefined) os.org = ctx.org;\n  if (ctx.env !== undefined) os.env = ctx.env;\n  if (Object.keys(os).length > 0) scope.os = os;\n\n  if (ctx.extra !== undefined) Object.assign(scope, ctx.extra);\n\n  return scope;\n}\n","/**\n * Dialect-pluggable Expression engine registry.\n *\n * Replaces the per-call-site `compileFormula` / `evaluateFormula` direct\n * imports of the deleted custom engine. Call sites now ask the registry to\n * dispatch by `expression.dialect`.\n *\n * Stub dialects (`js`, `cron`) are registered at module load with explicit\n * `dialect`-error responses so call sites get a clear message instead of\n * silent `undefined` (the old engine's anti-pattern).\n */\n\nimport type { Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport { celEngine } from './cel-engine';\nimport type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\n\nconst registry = new Map<string, DialectEngine>();\n\n/** Register or replace a dialect engine. */\nexport function register(engine: DialectEngine): void {\n  registry.set(engine.dialect, engine);\n}\n\n/** Look up a dialect engine without dispatching. */\nexport function getEngine(dialect: string): DialectEngine | undefined {\n  return registry.get(dialect);\n}\n\n/** Whether a dialect has a real (non-stub) implementation registered. */\nexport function hasDialect(dialect: string): boolean {\n  return registry.has(dialect) && !registry.get(dialect)!.dialect.startsWith('stub:');\n}\n\nfunction makeStub(dialect: string, reason: string): DialectEngine {\n  return {\n    dialect,\n    compile: () => ({ ok: false, error: { kind: 'dialect', message: reason } }),\n    evaluate: () => ({ ok: false, error: { kind: 'dialect', message: reason } }),\n  };\n}\n\n// Real engines.\nregister(celEngine);\n\n// Stubs — phased in by later milestones (M9.5+ for `js`, M9.6 for `cron`).\nregister(makeStub('js', \"dialect 'js' not registered. Install @objectstack/plugin-js-vm\"));\nregister(makeStub('cron', \"dialect 'cron' not registered. Install @objectstack/plugin-cron\"));\n\n/**\n * The unified evaluation entry point. Replaces the old direct calls to\n * `evaluateFormula` from the deleted custom engine.\n */\nexport const ExpressionEngine = {\n  register,\n  getEngine,\n  hasDialect,\n\n  /**\n   * Compile-only — parse + type-check, returning the engine-native AST. Used\n   * by `objectstack compile` to normalize source into AST in artifacts.\n   */\n  compile(expr: Expression): EvalResult<unknown> {\n    const engine = registry.get(expr.dialect);\n    if (!engine) {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `No engine registered for dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    if (typeof expr.source !== 'string') {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'Expression.source required for compile()' },\n      };\n    }\n    return engine.compile(expr.source);\n  },\n\n  /**\n   * Evaluate an expression in the given context. Never throws — branch on\n   * `result.ok`. Errors carry a `kind` for caller-side classification.\n   */\n  evaluate<T = unknown>(expr: Expression, ctx: EvalContext): EvalResult<T> {\n    const engine = registry.get(expr.dialect);\n    if (!engine) {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `No engine registered for dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    return engine.evaluate<T>(expr, ctx);\n  },\n};\n","/**\n * Seed-value resolver.\n *\n * `Dataset.records` accepts {@link SeedValue} = primitive | Expression | array\n * | object — install-time resolution walks the tree and replaces any\n * Expression node with its evaluated result. This is what makes\n * `close_date: cel\\`now() + duration(\"P30D\")\\`` resolve to *the customer's*\n * \"today + 30 days\" instead of the developer's compile-time clock.\n */\n\nimport { ExpressionSchema, type Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport type { EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\nimport { ExpressionEngine } from './registry';\n\nexport type SeedPrimitive = string | number | boolean | null | Date;\nexport type SeedValue = SeedPrimitive | Expression | SeedValue[] | { [key: string]: SeedValue };\n\n/** Detect an Expression-shaped object without throwing on unrelated shapes. */\nfunction isExpressionLike(value: unknown): value is Expression {\n  if (!value || typeof value !== 'object' || Array.isArray(value)) return false;\n  const v = value as Record<string, unknown>;\n  if (typeof v.dialect !== 'string') return false;\n  return ExpressionSchema.safeParse(v).success;\n}\n\n/**\n * Recursively resolve a SeedValue. 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The kernel and CRM expect plain\n *    numbers, so we coerce at the boundary.\n *  - cel-js parses dotted names as receiver-typed methods; we register\n *    `now()`, `today()`, `daysFromNow()` as bare functions and let `os.*`\n *    refer to context data only (see {@link buildScope}).\n *  - Bounds (`maxAstNodes`, `maxDepth`, …) are enforced spec-wide so\n *    third-party plugins can't ship runaway predicates.\n */\n\nimport { Environment } from '@marcbachmann/cel-js';\nimport type { Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport { buildScope, registerStdLib } from './stdlib';\nimport type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\n\n/**\n * Default execution bounds. Picked conservatively — every metadata-authored\n * expression we've seen is well under these. If you hit them, the expression\n * is too complex for ObjectStack and should be moved to a hook (`dialect: js`).\n */\nexport const DEFAULT_LIMITS = {\n  maxAstNodes: 256,\n  maxDepth: 32,\n  maxListElements: 64,\n  maxMapEntries: 64,\n  maxCallArguments: 16,\n} as const;\n\nfunction buildEnv(now: () => Date): Environment {\n  const env = new Environment({\n    unlistedVariablesAreDyn: true,\n    enableOptionalTypes: true,\n    limits: DEFAULT_LIMITS,\n  });\n  return registerStdLib(env, now);\n}\n\n/** Coerce cel-js's BigInt-flavored return into spec-friendly JS values. */\nfunction coerce(value: unknown): unknown {\n  if (typeof value === 'bigint') {\n    // BigInt → number when safe, else string to avoid silent truncation.\n    if (value >= BigInt(Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER) && value <= BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)) {\n      return Number(value);\n    }\n    return value.toString();\n  }\n  if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.map(coerce);\n  if (value && typeof value === 'object' && !(value instanceof Date)) {\n    const out: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(value)) out[k] = coerce(v);\n    return out;\n  }\n  return value;\n}\n\nfunction classifyError(err: unknown): EvalResult<never> {\n  const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);\n  let kind: 'parse' | 'type' | 'runtime' | 'bounds' = 'runtime';\n  if (/Exceeded max/i.test(message)) kind = 'bounds';\n  else if (/parse|unexpected|syntax/i.test(message)) kind = 'parse';\n  else if (/type|unknown variable|undeclared/i.test(message)) kind = 'type';\n  return { ok: false, error: { kind, message } };\n}\n\nexport const celEngine: DialectEngine = {\n  dialect: 'cel',\n\n  compile(source: string): EvalResult<unknown> {\n    try {\n      // We use a wall-clock now() here purely for parse-time stdlib\n      // type-checking; the function is never actually called.\n      const env = buildEnv(() => new Date(0));\n      const compiled = env.parse(source);\n      // Surface check errors eagerly.\n      const checkErrors = compiled.check?.();\n      if (checkErrors && Array.isArray(checkErrors) && checkErrors.length > 0) {\n        return {\n          ok: false,\n          error: { kind: 'type', message: checkErrors.join('; ') },\n        };\n      }\n      return { ok: true, value: compiled.ast };\n    } catch (err) {\n      return classifyError(err);\n    }\n  },\n\n  evaluate<T = unknown>(expr: Expression, ctx: EvalContext): EvalResult<T> {\n    if (expr.dialect !== 'cel') {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `celEngine cannot evaluate dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    const source = expr.source;\n    if (typeof source !== 'string' || source.length === 0) {\n      // AST-only inputs: cel-js does not currently expose a public API to\n      // re-execute a parsed AST without re-serializing. We persist `source`\n      // as the canonical form during M9.1 and revisit AST-only execution in\n      // M9.7 when we cut the spec persistence over.\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'AST-only evaluation not yet supported; persist `source`' },\n      };\n    }\n\n    const now = () => ctx.now ?? new Date();\n    try {\n      const env = buildEnv(now);\n      const scope = buildScope(ctx);\n      const raw = env.evaluate(source, scope);\n      return { ok: true, value: coerce(raw) as T };\n    } catch (err) {\n      return classifyError(err);\n    }\n  },\n};\n","/**\n * ObjectStack standard CEL function library.\n *\n * Registered into the per-evaluation `Environment` by the CEL engine. All\n * functions are pure given a pinned `now` — that determinism is what makes\n * `objectstack build` artifacts byte-stable across runs.\n *\n * Function naming intentionally avoids the `os.` prefix because cel-js binds\n * dotted names to receiver types. Instead, the `os` namespace in CEL holds\n * *data* (`os.user`, `os.org`, `os.env`) supplied by the caller's\n * {@link EvalContext}.\n */\n\nimport type { Environment } from '@marcbachmann/cel-js';\n\nimport type { EvalContext } from './types';\n\n/** Truncate a Date to start-of-day in UTC. */\nfunction startOfDayUtc(d: Date): Date {\n  const out = new Date(d.getTime());\n  out.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  return out;\n}\n\n/** Add `n` days to a Date in UTC; returns a new Date. */\nfunction addDaysUtc(d: Date, n: number): Date {\n  const out = new Date(d.getTime());\n  out.setUTCDate(out.getUTCDate() + n);\n  return out;\n}\n\n/**\n * Register the ObjectStack standard library into a CEL environment.\n *\n * The `now` resolver is closed over so each call uses the pinned\n * `EvalContext.now` (or wall-clock fallback). Implementations are kept tiny\n * and dependency-free — they're the contract surface for AI authors and must\n * stay legible.\n */\nexport function registerStdLib(\n  env: Environment,\n  now: () => Date,\n): Environment {\n  return env\n    .registerFunction('now(): google.protobuf.Timestamp', () => now())\n    .registerFunction(\n      'today(): google.protobuf.Timestamp',\n      () => startOfDayUtc(now()),\n    )\n    .registerFunction(\n      'daysFromNow(int): google.protobuf.Timestamp',\n      (n: bigint | number) => addDaysUtc(now(), Number(n)),\n    )\n    .registerFunction(\n      'daysAgo(int): google.protobuf.Timestamp',\n      (n: bigint | number) => addDaysUtc(now(), -Number(n)),\n    )\n    // Returns true when `value` is null, undefined, empty string, or empty list.\n    // Matches the intent of legacy `ISBLANK()` while staying CEL-idiomatic.\n    .registerFunction(\n      'isBlank(dyn): bool',\n      (value: unknown) => {\n        if (value === null || value === undefined) return true;\n        if (typeof value === 'string') return value.length === 0;\n        if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.length === 0;\n        return false;\n      },\n    )\n    // Returns `value` when not null/undefined, otherwise the `fallback`.\n    // Use this to safely concatenate optional string fields:\n    //   coalesce(record.salutation, '') + ' ' + coalesce(record.first_name, '')\n    .registerFunction(\n      'coalesce(dyn, dyn): dyn',\n      (value: unknown, fallback: unknown) =>\n        (value === null || value === undefined) ? fallback : value,\n    );\n}\n\n/**\n * Build the variable scope for a single evaluation. Absent fields are simply\n * not bound — CEL macros (`has(record.foo)`) handle missing-key safely.\n */\nexport function buildScope(ctx: EvalContext): Record<string, unknown> {\n  const scope: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n\n  if (ctx.record !== undefined) scope.record = ctx.record;\n  if (ctx.previous !== undefined) scope.previous = ctx.previous;\n  if (ctx.input !== undefined) scope.input = ctx.input;\n\n  // Namespaced data — written as `os.user.id`, `os.env`, etc. in CEL.\n  const os: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n  if (ctx.user !== undefined) os.user = ctx.user;\n  if (ctx.org !== undefined) os.org = ctx.org;\n  if (ctx.env !== undefined) os.env = ctx.env;\n  if (Object.keys(os).length > 0) scope.os = os;\n\n  if (ctx.extra !== undefined) Object.assign(scope, ctx.extra);\n\n  return scope;\n}\n","/**\n * Cron dialect engine.\n *\n * Validates cron expressions at compile time without depending on a parser.\n * Actual schedule firing lives in the scheduler service — this engine just\n * round-trips the expression through `Expression.evaluate`, returning the\n * source so callers can hand it to a scheduler library.\n *\n * Accepted forms:\n *   - 5-field standard cron:  `m h dom mon dow`\n *   - 6-field extended cron:  `s m h dom mon dow`\n *   - Aliases: @yearly, @annually, @monthly, @weekly, @daily, @hourly, @reboot\n */\n\nimport type { Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\n\nconst ALIASES = new Set([\n  '@yearly', '@annually', '@monthly', '@weekly', '@daily', '@hourly', '@reboot',\n]);\n\nfunction validate(source: string): EvalResult<string> {\n  const trimmed = source.trim();\n  if (trimmed.length === 0) {\n    return { ok: false, error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'cron source is empty' } };\n  }\n  if (trimmed.startsWith('@')) {\n    if (!ALIASES.has(trimmed)) {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'parse', message: `unknown cron alias '${trimmed}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    return { ok: true, value: trimmed };\n  }\n  const fields = trimmed.split(/\\s+/);\n  if (fields.length !== 5 && fields.length !== 6) {\n    return {\n      ok: false,\n      error: {\n        kind: 'parse',\n        message: `cron requires 5 or 6 space-separated fields, got ${fields.length}`,\n      },\n    };\n  }\n  // Each field must use only allowed cron characters.\n  const allowed = /^[\\d*/,\\-?LWA-Z#]+$/i;\n  for (let i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {\n    if (!allowed.test(fields[i])) {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: {\n          kind: 'parse',\n          message: `cron field ${i + 1} contains invalid characters: '${fields[i]}'`,\n        },\n      };\n    }\n  }\n  return { ok: true, value: trimmed };\n}\n\nexport const cronEngine: DialectEngine = {\n  dialect: 'cron',\n\n  compile(source: string): EvalResult<unknown> {\n    return validate(source);\n  },\n\n  evaluate<T = unknown>(expr: Expression, _ctx: EvalContext): EvalResult<T> {\n    if (expr.dialect !== 'cron') {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `cronEngine cannot evaluate dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    if (typeof expr.source !== 'string') {\n      return { ok: false, error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'cron Expression.source required' } };\n    }\n    const result = validate(expr.source);\n    if (!result.ok) return result as EvalResult<T>;\n    // Cron expressions don't \"evaluate\" to a value at predicate time — they\n    // describe a schedule. Returning the source lets schedulers consume it.\n    return { ok: true, value: result.value as unknown as T };\n  },\n};\n","/**\n * Template dialect engine — strict Mustache subset.\n *\n * Supports `{{path.to.value}}` interpolation only. No conditionals, no loops,\n * no helpers. The variable scope is the same as CEL (`record`, `previous`,\n * `input`, `os.user`, `os.org`, `os.env`, plus `extra`), so authors can move\n * fluidly between a CEL formula and a template body without re-learning a\n * second variable namespace.\n *\n * Why a separate dialect from CEL: templates produce strings (notification\n * subjects, prompt bodies, titleFormat). CEL is a value-typed expression\n * language. Routing them through the same envelope (`{ dialect: 'template' }`)\n * keeps the AI author rule simple — \"anything templated or computed is an\n * Expression\" — without conflating the two semantics.\n */\n\nimport type { Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport { buildScope } from './stdlib';\nimport type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\n\nconst PATH_RE = /\\{\\{\\s*([\\w.[\\]]+?)\\s*\\}\\}/g;\n\nfunction resolvePath(scope: Record<string, unknown>, path: string): unknown {\n  // Support `a.b.c` and `a[0].b` style. Bracket notation collapses to dotted.\n  const normalized = path.replace(/\\[(\\w+)\\]/g, '.$1');\n  const segments = normalized.split('.').filter(Boolean);\n  let cursor: unknown = scope;\n  for (const seg of segments) {\n    if (cursor == null || typeof cursor !== 'object') return undefined;\n    cursor = (cursor as Record<string, unknown>)[seg];\n  }\n  return cursor;\n}\n\nfunction stringify(value: unknown): string {\n  if (value === null || value === undefined) return '';\n  if (value instanceof Date) return value.toISOString();\n  if (typeof value === 'string') return value;\n  if (typeof value === 'number' || typeof value === 'boolean') return String(value);\n  if (typeof value === 'bigint') return value.toString();\n  try {\n    return JSON.stringify(value);\n  } catch {\n    return String(value);\n  }\n}\n\nfunction compileTemplate(source: string): EvalResult<string[]> {\n  // Compile is only a structural validity check — no helpers, no balanced\n  // open/close beyond what the regex enforces.\n  const matches = source.match(/\\{\\{|\\}\\}/g) ?? [];\n  if (matches.length % 2 !== 0) {\n    return {\n      ok: false,\n      error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'template has unbalanced {{ }} delimiters' },\n    };\n  }\n  const refs: string[] = [];\n  let m: RegExpExecArray | null;\n  PATH_RE.lastIndex = 0;\n  while ((m = PATH_RE.exec(source)) !== null) {\n    refs.push(m[1]);\n  }\n  return { ok: true, value: refs };\n}\n\nexport const templateEngine: DialectEngine = {\n  dialect: 'template',\n\n  compile(source: string): EvalResult<unknown> {\n    return compileTemplate(source);\n  },\n\n  evaluate<T = unknown>(expr: Expression, ctx: EvalContext): EvalResult<T> {\n    if (expr.dialect !== 'template') {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `templateEngine cannot evaluate dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    if (typeof expr.source !== 'string') {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'template Expression.source required' },\n      };\n    }\n    const check = compileTemplate(expr.source);\n    if (!check.ok) return check as EvalResult<T>;\n\n    const scope = buildScope(ctx);\n    const out = expr.source.replace(PATH_RE, (_match, path) => {\n      return stringify(resolvePath(scope, path));\n    });\n    return { ok: true, value: out as unknown as T };\n  },\n};\n","/**\n * Dialect-pluggable Expression engine registry.\n *\n * Replaces the per-call-site `compileFormula` / `evaluateFormula` direct\n * imports of the deleted custom engine. Call sites now ask the registry to\n * dispatch by `expression.dialect`.\n *\n * Stub dialects (`js`, `cron`) are registered at module load with explicit\n * `dialect`-error responses so call sites get a clear message instead of\n * silent `undefined` (the old engine's anti-pattern).\n */\n\nimport type { Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport { celEngine } from './cel-engine';\nimport { cronEngine } from './cron-engine';\nimport { templateEngine } from './template-engine';\nimport type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\n\nconst registry = new Map<string, DialectEngine>();\n\n/** Register or replace a dialect engine. */\nexport function register(engine: DialectEngine): void {\n  registry.set(engine.dialect, engine);\n}\n\n/** Look up a dialect engine without dispatching. */\nexport function getEngine(dialect: string): DialectEngine | undefined {\n  return registry.get(dialect);\n}\n\n/** Whether a dialect has a real (non-stub) implementation registered. */\nexport function hasDialect(dialect: string): boolean {\n  return registry.has(dialect) && !registry.get(dialect)!.dialect.startsWith('stub:');\n}\n\nfunction makeStub(dialect: string, reason: string): DialectEngine {\n  return {\n    dialect,\n    compile: () => ({ ok: false, error: { kind: 'dialect', message: reason } }),\n    evaluate: () => ({ ok: false, error: { kind: 'dialect', message: reason } }),\n  };\n}\n\n// Real engines.\nregister(celEngine);\nregister(cronEngine);\nregister(templateEngine);\n\n// Stubs — `js` lives in @objectstack/plugin-js-vm (not yet shipped).\nregister(makeStub('js', \"dialect 'js' not registered. Install @objectstack/plugin-js-vm\"));\n\n/**\n * The unified evaluation entry point. Replaces the old direct calls to\n * `evaluateFormula` from the deleted custom engine.\n */\nexport const ExpressionEngine = {\n  register,\n  getEngine,\n  hasDialect,\n\n  /**\n   * Compile-only — parse + type-check, returning the engine-native AST. Used\n   * by `objectstack compile` to normalize source into AST in artifacts.\n   */\n  compile(expr: Expression): EvalResult<unknown> {\n    const engine = registry.get(expr.dialect);\n    if (!engine) {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `No engine registered for dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    if (typeof expr.source !== 'string') {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'Expression.source required for compile()' },\n      };\n    }\n    return engine.compile(expr.source);\n  },\n\n  /**\n   * Evaluate an expression in the given context. Never throws — branch on\n   * `result.ok`. Errors carry a `kind` for caller-side classification.\n   */\n  evaluate<T = unknown>(expr: Expression, ctx: EvalContext): EvalResult<T> {\n    const engine = registry.get(expr.dialect);\n    if (!engine) {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `No engine registered for dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    return engine.evaluate<T>(expr, ctx);\n  },\n};\n","/**\n * Seed-value resolver.\n *\n * `Dataset.records` accepts {@link SeedValue} = primitive | Expression | array\n * | object — install-time resolution walks the tree and replaces any\n * Expression node with its evaluated result. This is what makes\n * `close_date: cel\\`now() + duration(\"P30D\")\\`` resolve to *the customer's*\n * \"today + 30 days\" instead of the developer's compile-time clock.\n */\n\nimport { ExpressionSchema, type Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport type { EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\nimport { ExpressionEngine } from './registry';\n\nexport type SeedPrimitive = string | number | boolean | null | Date;\nexport type SeedValue = SeedPrimitive | Expression | SeedValue[] | { [key: string]: SeedValue };\n\n/** Detect an Expression-shaped object without throwing on unrelated shapes. */\nfunction isExpressionLike(value: unknown): value is Expression {\n  if (!value || typeof value !== 'object' || Array.isArray(value)) return false;\n  const v = value as Record<string, unknown>;\n  if (typeof v.dialect !== 'string') return false;\n  return ExpressionSchema.safeParse(v).success;\n}\n\n/**\n * Recursively resolve a SeedValue. Records that contain Expression leaves are\n * evaluated with `ctx`; other values are passed through unchanged.\n *\n * Returns the first failure encountered. Callers (seed loader) typically\n * abort the whole record on failure rather than silently writing partial data.\n */\nexport function resolveSeed(\n  value: SeedValue,\n  ctx: EvalContext,\n): EvalResult<unknown> {\n  if (value === null || value === undefined) {\n    return { ok: true, value };\n  }\n  const t = typeof value;\n  if (t === 'string' || t === 'number' || t === 'boolean') {\n    return { ok: true, value };\n  }\n  if (value instanceof Date) {\n    return { ok: true, value };\n  }\n  if (Array.isArray(value)) {\n    const out: unknown[] = [];\n    for (const item of value) {\n      const r = resolveSeed(item, ctx);\n      if (!r.ok) return r;\n      out.push(r.value);\n    }\n    return { ok: true, value: out };\n  }\n  if (isExpressionLike(value)) {\n    return ExpressionEngine.evaluate(value, ctx);\n  }\n  // Plain object — recurse field-by-field.\n  const out: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(value as Record<string, SeedValue>)) {\n    const r = resolveSeed(v, ctx);\n    if (!r.ok) return r;\n    out[k] = r.value;\n  }\n  return { ok: true, value: out };\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolve a single record (object of fields), pinning `ctx.now` so all\n * expressions within see one logical clock.\n */\nexport function resolveSeedRecord(\n  record: Record<string, SeedValue>,\n  ctx: EvalContext,\n): EvalResult<Record<string, unknown>> {\n  const pinnedCtx: EvalContext = { ...ctx, now: ctx.now ?? new Date() };\n  const result = resolveSeed(record, pinnedCtx) as EvalResult<Record<string, unknown>>;\n  return result;\n}\n","/**\n * Build-time normalization helpers.\n *\n * The CLI `objectstack compile` step walks the assembled `objectstack.json`\n * artifact and rewrites every Expression so that:\n *\n *  1. String shorthand input is replaced by `{ dialect: 'cel', source }`.\n *  2. The persisted envelope carries an `ast` field produced by the dialect\n *     engine (M9.2 deliverable). Source is retained for round-trip / debug.\n *\n * Spec layer cannot do step 2 because it must remain dependency-free; this\n * package owns the engine import and therefore the AST step.\n */\n\nimport {\n  ExpressionInputSchema,\n  ExpressionSchema,\n  type Expression,\n  type ExpressionInput,\n} from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport { ExpressionEngine } from './registry';\nimport type { EvalResult } from './types';\n\n/**\n * Normalize an {@link ExpressionInput} (string shorthand OR full envelope) into\n * a fully-resolved {@link Expression} carrying both `source` and `ast`.\n *\n * Returns an EvalResult so the caller can render a structured compile error\n * pointing at the offending metadata path.\n */\nexport function normalizeExpression(input: ExpressionInput): EvalResult<Expression> {\n  const parsed = ExpressionInputSchema.safeParse(input);\n  if (!parsed.success) {\n    return {\n      ok: false,\n      error: { kind: 'parse', message: parsed.error.message },\n    };\n  }\n\n  const expr = parsed.data as Expression;\n\n  // Already AST-only — accept as-is.\n  if (expr.ast !== undefined && expr.source === undefined) {\n    return { ok: true, value: expr };\n  }\n\n  // Source-bearing: ask the dialect engine to compile. Failures surface here\n  // as part of the build (no silent skip).\n  const compiled = ExpressionEngine.compile(expr);\n  if (!compiled.ok) {\n    return compiled;\n  }\n\n  return {\n    ok: true,\n    value: {\n      ...expr,\n      ast: compiled.value,\n    },\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Walk an arbitrary JSON tree and normalize every embedded Expression in\n * place. Used by the build pipeline to traverse the assembled metadata\n * artifact. Returns the first error encountered (paired with the dotted path\n * for diagnostics) or `null` when fully clean.\n */\nexport function normalizeExpressionTree(\n  root: unknown,\n  path: string[] = [],\n): { path: string; error: import('./types').EvalError } | null {\n  if (root === null || typeof root !== 'object') return null;\n\n  if (looksLikeExpression(root)) {\n    const r = normalizeExpression(root as ExpressionInput);\n    if (!r.ok) return { path: path.join('.'), error: r.error };\n    Object.assign(root as Record<string, unknown>, r.value);\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  if (Array.isArray(root)) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < root.length; i++) {\n      const r = normalizeExpressionTree(root[i], [...path, String(i)]);\n      if (r) return r;\n    }\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(root as Record<string, unknown>)) {\n    const r = normalizeExpressionTree(v, [...path, k]);\n    if (r) return r;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nfunction looksLikeExpression(value: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!value || typeof value !== 'object' || Array.isArray(value)) return false;\n  const v = value as Record<string, unknown>;\n  if (typeof v.dialect !== 'string') return false;\n  return 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package/dist/index.mjs

@@ -22,6 +22,17 @@ function registerStdLib(env, now) {
   ).registerFunction(
     "daysAgo(int): google.protobuf.Timestamp",
     (n) => addDaysUtc(now(), -Number(n))
+  ).registerFunction(
+    "isBlank(dyn): bool",
+    (value) => {
+      if (value === null || value === void 0) return true;
+      if (typeof value === "string") return value.length === 0;
+      if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.length === 0;
+      return false;
+    }
+  ).registerFunction(
+    "coalesce(dyn, dyn): dyn",
+    (value, fallback) => value === null || value === void 0 ? fallback : value
   );
 }
 function buildScope(ctx) {
@@ -121,6 +132,143 @@ var celEngine = {
   }
 };
 
+// src/cron-engine.ts
+var ALIASES = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([
+  "@yearly",
+  "@annually",
+  "@monthly",
+  "@weekly",
+  "@daily",
+  "@hourly",
+  "@reboot"
+]);
+function validate(source) {
+  const trimmed = source.trim();
+  if (trimmed.length === 0) {
+    return { ok: false, error: { kind: "parse", message: "cron source is empty" } };
+  }
+  if (trimmed.startsWith("@")) {
+    if (!ALIASES.has(trimmed)) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: { kind: "parse", message: `unknown cron alias '${trimmed}'` }
+      };
+    }
+    return { ok: true, value: trimmed };
+  }
+  const fields = trimmed.split(/\s+/);
+  if (fields.length !== 5 && fields.length !== 6) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      error: {
+        kind: "parse",
+        message: `cron requires 5 or 6 space-separated fields, got ${fields.length}`
+      }
+    };
+  }
+  const allowed = /^[\d*/,\-?LWA-Z#]+$/i;
+  for (let i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
+    if (!allowed.test(fields[i])) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: {
+          kind: "parse",
+          message: `cron field ${i + 1} contains invalid characters: '${fields[i]}'`
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  }
+  return { ok: true, value: trimmed };
+}
+var cronEngine = {
+  dialect: "cron",
+  compile(source) {
+    return validate(source);
+  },
+  evaluate(expr, _ctx) {
+    if (expr.dialect !== "cron") {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: { kind: "dialect", message: `cronEngine cannot evaluate dialect '${expr.dialect}'` }
+      };
+    }
+    if (typeof expr.source !== "string") {
+      return { ok: false, error: { kind: "parse", message: "cron Expression.source required" } };
+    }
+    const result = validate(expr.source);
+    if (!result.ok) return result;
+    return { ok: true, value: result.value };
+  }
+};
+
+// src/template-engine.ts
+var PATH_RE = /\{\{\s*([\w.[\]]+?)\s*\}\}/g;
+function resolvePath(scope, path) {
+  const normalized = path.replace(/\[(\w+)\]/g, ".$1");
+  const segments = normalized.split(".").filter(Boolean);
+  let cursor = scope;
+  for (const seg of segments) {
+    if (cursor == null || typeof cursor !== "object") return void 0;
+    cursor = cursor[seg];
+  }
+  return cursor;
+}
+function stringify(value) {
+  if (value === null || value === void 0) return "";
+  if (value instanceof Date) return value.toISOString();
+  if (typeof value === "string") return value;
+  if (typeof value === "number" || typeof value === "boolean") return String(value);
+  if (typeof value === "bigint") return value.toString();
+  try {
+    return JSON.stringify(value);
+  } catch {
+    return String(value);
+  }
+}
+function compileTemplate(source) {
+  const matches = source.match(/\{\{|\}\}/g) ?? [];
+  if (matches.length % 2 !== 0) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      error: { kind: "parse", message: "template has unbalanced {{ }} delimiters" }
+    };
+  }
+  const refs = [];
+  let m;
+  PATH_RE.lastIndex = 0;
+  while ((m = PATH_RE.exec(source)) !== null) {
+    refs.push(m[1]);
+  }
+  return { ok: true, value: refs };
+}
+var templateEngine = {
+  dialect: "template",
+  compile(source) {
+    return compileTemplate(source);
+  },
+  evaluate(expr, ctx) {
+    if (expr.dialect !== "template") {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: { kind: "dialect", message: `templateEngine cannot evaluate dialect '${expr.dialect}'` }
+      };
+    }
+    if (typeof expr.source !== "string") {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: { kind: "parse", message: "template Expression.source required" }
+      };
+    }
+    const check = compileTemplate(expr.source);
+    if (!check.ok) return check;
+    const scope = buildScope(ctx);
+    const out = expr.source.replace(PATH_RE, (_match, path) => {
+      return stringify(resolvePath(scope, path));
+    });
+    return { ok: true, value: out };
+  }
+};
+
 // src/registry.ts
 var registry = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
 function register(engine) {
@@ -140,8 +288,9 @@ function makeStub(dialect, reason) {
   };
 }
 register(celEngine);
+register(cronEngine);
+register(templateEngine);
 register(makeStub("js", "dialect 'js' not registered. Install @objectstack/plugin-js-vm"));
-register(makeStub("cron", "dialect 'cron' not registered. Install @objectstack/plugin-cron"));
 var ExpressionEngine = {
   register,
   getEngine,
@@ -288,6 +437,7 @@ export {
   ExpressionEngine,
   buildScope,
   celEngine,
+  cronEngine,
   getEngine,
   hasDialect,
   normalizeExpression,
@@ -295,6 +445,7 @@ export {
   register,
   registerStdLib,
   resolveSeed,
-  resolveSeedRecord
+  resolveSeedRecord,
+  templateEngine
 };
 //# sourceMappingURL=index.mjs.map

package/dist/index.mjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"sources":["../src/cel-engine.ts","../src/stdlib.ts","../src/registry.ts","../src/seed-eval.ts","../src/normalize.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * CEL dialect engine — wraps `@marcbachmann/cel-js` with the ObjectStack\n * stdlib, bounded execution limits, and result coercion.\n *\n * Why a thin wrapper:\n *\n *  - cel-js returns `BigInt` for ints. The kernel and CRM expect plain\n *    numbers, so we coerce at the boundary.\n *  - cel-js parses dotted names as receiver-typed methods; we register\n *    `now()`, `today()`, `daysFromNow()` as bare functions and let `os.*`\n *    refer to context data only (see {@link buildScope}).\n *  - Bounds (`maxAstNodes`, `maxDepth`, …) are enforced spec-wide so\n *    third-party plugins can't ship runaway predicates.\n */\n\nimport { Environment } from '@marcbachmann/cel-js';\nimport type { Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport { buildScope, registerStdLib } from './stdlib';\nimport type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\n\n/**\n * Default execution bounds. Picked conservatively — every metadata-authored\n * expression we've seen is well under these. If you hit them, the expression\n * is too complex for ObjectStack and should be moved to a hook (`dialect: js`).\n */\nexport const DEFAULT_LIMITS = {\n  maxAstNodes: 256,\n  maxDepth: 32,\n  maxListElements: 64,\n  maxMapEntries: 64,\n  maxCallArguments: 16,\n} as const;\n\nfunction buildEnv(now: () => Date): Environment {\n  const env = new Environment({\n    unlistedVariablesAreDyn: true,\n    enableOptionalTypes: true,\n    limits: DEFAULT_LIMITS,\n  });\n  return registerStdLib(env, now);\n}\n\n/** Coerce cel-js's BigInt-flavored return into spec-friendly JS values. */\nfunction coerce(value: unknown): unknown {\n  if (typeof value === 'bigint') {\n    // BigInt → number when safe, else string to avoid silent truncation.\n    if (value >= BigInt(Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER) && value <= BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)) {\n      return Number(value);\n    }\n    return value.toString();\n  }\n  if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.map(coerce);\n  if (value && typeof value === 'object' && !(value instanceof Date)) {\n    const out: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(value)) out[k] = coerce(v);\n    return out;\n  }\n  return value;\n}\n\nfunction classifyError(err: unknown): EvalResult<never> {\n  const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);\n  let kind: 'parse' | 'type' | 'runtime' | 'bounds' = 'runtime';\n  if (/Exceeded max/i.test(message)) kind = 'bounds';\n  else if (/parse|unexpected|syntax/i.test(message)) kind = 'parse';\n  else if (/type|unknown variable|undeclared/i.test(message)) kind = 'type';\n  return { ok: false, error: { kind, message } };\n}\n\nexport const celEngine: DialectEngine = {\n  dialect: 'cel',\n\n  compile(source: string): EvalResult<unknown> {\n    try {\n      // We use a wall-clock now() here purely for parse-time stdlib\n      // type-checking; the function is never actually called.\n      const env = buildEnv(() => new Date(0));\n      const compiled = env.parse(source);\n      // Surface check errors eagerly.\n      const checkErrors = compiled.check?.();\n      if (checkErrors && Array.isArray(checkErrors) && checkErrors.length > 0) {\n        return {\n          ok: false,\n          error: { kind: 'type', message: checkErrors.join('; ') },\n        };\n      }\n      return { ok: true, value: compiled.ast };\n    } catch (err) {\n      return classifyError(err);\n    }\n  },\n\n  evaluate<T = unknown>(expr: Expression, ctx: EvalContext): EvalResult<T> {\n    if (expr.dialect !== 'cel') {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `celEngine cannot evaluate dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    const source = expr.source;\n    if (typeof source !== 'string' || source.length === 0) {\n      // AST-only inputs: cel-js does not currently expose a public API to\n      // re-execute a parsed AST without re-serializing. We persist `source`\n      // as the canonical form during M9.1 and revisit AST-only execution in\n      // M9.7 when we cut the spec persistence over.\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'AST-only evaluation not yet supported; persist `source`' },\n      };\n    }\n\n    const now = () => ctx.now ?? new Date();\n    try {\n      const env = buildEnv(now);\n      const scope = buildScope(ctx);\n      const raw = env.evaluate(source, scope);\n      return { ok: true, value: coerce(raw) as T };\n    } catch (err) {\n      return classifyError(err);\n    }\n  },\n};\n","/**\n * ObjectStack standard CEL function library.\n *\n * Registered into the per-evaluation `Environment` by the CEL engine. All\n * functions are pure given a pinned `now` — that determinism is what makes\n * `objectstack build` artifacts byte-stable across runs.\n *\n * Function naming intentionally avoids the `os.` prefix because cel-js binds\n * dotted names to receiver types. Instead, the `os` namespace in CEL holds\n * *data* (`os.user`, `os.org`, `os.env`) supplied by the caller's\n * {@link EvalContext}.\n */\n\nimport type { Environment } from '@marcbachmann/cel-js';\n\nimport type { EvalContext } from './types';\n\n/** Truncate a Date to start-of-day in UTC. */\nfunction startOfDayUtc(d: Date): Date {\n  const out = new Date(d.getTime());\n  out.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  return out;\n}\n\n/** Add `n` days to a Date in UTC; returns a new Date. */\nfunction addDaysUtc(d: Date, n: number): Date {\n  const out = new Date(d.getTime());\n  out.setUTCDate(out.getUTCDate() + n);\n  return out;\n}\n\n/**\n * Register the ObjectStack standard library into a CEL environment.\n *\n * The `now` resolver is closed over so each call uses the pinned\n * `EvalContext.now` (or wall-clock fallback). Implementations are kept tiny\n * and dependency-free — they're the contract surface for AI authors and must\n * stay legible.\n */\nexport function registerStdLib(\n  env: Environment,\n  now: () => Date,\n): Environment {\n  return env\n    .registerFunction('now(): google.protobuf.Timestamp', () => now())\n    .registerFunction(\n      'today(): google.protobuf.Timestamp',\n      () => startOfDayUtc(now()),\n    )\n    .registerFunction(\n      'daysFromNow(int): google.protobuf.Timestamp',\n      (n: bigint | number) => addDaysUtc(now(), Number(n)),\n    )\n    .registerFunction(\n      'daysAgo(int): google.protobuf.Timestamp',\n      (n: bigint | number) => addDaysUtc(now(), -Number(n)),\n    );\n}\n\n/**\n * Build the variable scope for a single evaluation. Absent fields are simply\n * not bound — CEL macros (`has(record.foo)`) handle missing-key safely.\n */\nexport function buildScope(ctx: EvalContext): Record<string, unknown> {\n  const scope: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n\n  if (ctx.record !== undefined) scope.record = ctx.record;\n  if (ctx.previous !== undefined) scope.previous = ctx.previous;\n  if (ctx.input !== undefined) scope.input = ctx.input;\n\n  // Namespaced data — written as `os.user.id`, `os.env`, etc. in CEL.\n  const os: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n  if (ctx.user !== undefined) os.user = ctx.user;\n  if (ctx.org !== undefined) os.org = ctx.org;\n  if (ctx.env !== undefined) os.env = ctx.env;\n  if (Object.keys(os).length > 0) scope.os = os;\n\n  if (ctx.extra !== undefined) Object.assign(scope, ctx.extra);\n\n  return scope;\n}\n","/**\n * Dialect-pluggable Expression engine registry.\n *\n * Replaces the per-call-site `compileFormula` / `evaluateFormula` direct\n * imports of the deleted custom engine. Call sites now ask the registry to\n * dispatch by `expression.dialect`.\n *\n * Stub dialects (`js`, `cron`) are registered at module load with explicit\n * `dialect`-error responses so call sites get a clear message instead of\n * silent `undefined` (the old engine's anti-pattern).\n */\n\nimport type { Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport { celEngine } from './cel-engine';\nimport type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\n\nconst registry = new Map<string, DialectEngine>();\n\n/** Register or replace a dialect engine. */\nexport function register(engine: DialectEngine): void {\n  registry.set(engine.dialect, engine);\n}\n\n/** Look up a dialect engine without dispatching. */\nexport function getEngine(dialect: string): DialectEngine | undefined {\n  return registry.get(dialect);\n}\n\n/** Whether a dialect has a real (non-stub) implementation registered. */\nexport function hasDialect(dialect: string): boolean {\n  return registry.has(dialect) && !registry.get(dialect)!.dialect.startsWith('stub:');\n}\n\nfunction makeStub(dialect: string, reason: string): DialectEngine {\n  return {\n    dialect,\n    compile: () => ({ ok: false, error: { kind: 'dialect', message: reason } }),\n    evaluate: () => ({ ok: false, error: { kind: 'dialect', message: reason } }),\n  };\n}\n\n// Real engines.\nregister(celEngine);\n\n// Stubs — phased in by later milestones (M9.5+ for `js`, M9.6 for `cron`).\nregister(makeStub('js', \"dialect 'js' not registered. Install @objectstack/plugin-js-vm\"));\nregister(makeStub('cron', \"dialect 'cron' not registered. Install @objectstack/plugin-cron\"));\n\n/**\n * The unified evaluation entry point. Replaces the old direct calls to\n * `evaluateFormula` from the deleted custom engine.\n */\nexport const ExpressionEngine = {\n  register,\n  getEngine,\n  hasDialect,\n\n  /**\n   * Compile-only — parse + type-check, returning the engine-native AST. Used\n   * by `objectstack compile` to normalize source into AST in artifacts.\n   */\n  compile(expr: Expression): EvalResult<unknown> {\n    const engine = registry.get(expr.dialect);\n    if (!engine) {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `No engine registered for dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    if (typeof expr.source !== 'string') {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'Expression.source required for compile()' },\n      };\n    }\n    return engine.compile(expr.source);\n  },\n\n  /**\n   * Evaluate an expression in the given context. Never throws — branch on\n   * `result.ok`. Errors carry a `kind` for caller-side classification.\n   */\n  evaluate<T = unknown>(expr: Expression, ctx: EvalContext): EvalResult<T> {\n    const engine = registry.get(expr.dialect);\n    if (!engine) {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `No engine registered for dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    return engine.evaluate<T>(expr, ctx);\n  },\n};\n","/**\n * Seed-value resolver.\n *\n * `Dataset.records` accepts {@link SeedValue} = primitive | Expression | array\n * | object — install-time resolution walks the tree and replaces any\n * Expression node with its evaluated result. This is what makes\n * `close_date: cel\\`now() + duration(\"P30D\")\\`` resolve to *the customer's*\n * \"today + 30 days\" instead of the developer's compile-time clock.\n */\n\nimport { ExpressionSchema, type Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport type { EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\nimport { ExpressionEngine } from './registry';\n\nexport type SeedPrimitive = string | number | boolean | null | Date;\nexport type SeedValue = SeedPrimitive | Expression | SeedValue[] | { [key: string]: SeedValue };\n\n/** Detect an Expression-shaped object without throwing on unrelated shapes. */\nfunction isExpressionLike(value: unknown): value is Expression {\n  if (!value || typeof value !== 'object' || Array.isArray(value)) return false;\n  const v = value as Record<string, unknown>;\n  if (typeof v.dialect !== 'string') return false;\n  return ExpressionSchema.safeParse(v).success;\n}\n\n/**\n * Recursively resolve a SeedValue. Records that contain Expression leaves are\n * evaluated with `ctx`; other values are passed through unchanged.\n *\n * Returns the first failure encountered. Callers (seed loader) typically\n * abort the whole record on failure rather than silently writing partial data.\n */\nexport function resolveSeed(\n  value: SeedValue,\n  ctx: EvalContext,\n): EvalResult<unknown> {\n  if (value === null || value === undefined) {\n    return { ok: true, value };\n  }\n  const t = typeof value;\n  if (t === 'string' || t === 'number' || t === 'boolean') {\n    return { ok: true, value };\n  }\n  if (value instanceof Date) {\n    return { ok: true, value };\n  }\n  if (Array.isArray(value)) {\n    const out: unknown[] = [];\n    for (const item of value) {\n      const r = resolveSeed(item, ctx);\n      if (!r.ok) return r;\n      out.push(r.value);\n    }\n    return { ok: true, value: out };\n  }\n  if (isExpressionLike(value)) {\n    return ExpressionEngine.evaluate(value, ctx);\n  }\n  // Plain object — recurse field-by-field.\n  const out: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(value as Record<string, SeedValue>)) {\n    const r = resolveSeed(v, ctx);\n    if (!r.ok) return r;\n    out[k] = r.value;\n  }\n  return { ok: true, value: out };\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolve a single record (object of fields), pinning `ctx.now` so all\n * expressions within see one logical clock.\n */\nexport function resolveSeedRecord(\n  record: Record<string, SeedValue>,\n  ctx: EvalContext,\n): EvalResult<Record<string, unknown>> {\n  const pinnedCtx: EvalContext = { ...ctx, now: ctx.now ?? new Date() };\n  const result = resolveSeed(record, pinnedCtx) as EvalResult<Record<string, unknown>>;\n  return result;\n}\n","/**\n * Build-time normalization helpers.\n *\n * The CLI `objectstack compile` step walks the assembled `objectstack.json`\n * artifact and rewrites every Expression so that:\n *\n *  1. String shorthand input is replaced by `{ dialect: 'cel', source }`.\n *  2. The persisted envelope carries an `ast` field produced by the dialect\n *     engine (M9.2 deliverable). Source is retained for round-trip / debug.\n *\n * Spec layer cannot do step 2 because it must remain dependency-free; this\n * package owns the engine import and therefore the AST step.\n */\n\nimport {\n  ExpressionInputSchema,\n  ExpressionSchema,\n  type Expression,\n  type ExpressionInput,\n} from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport { ExpressionEngine } from './registry';\nimport type { EvalResult } from './types';\n\n/**\n * Normalize an {@link ExpressionInput} (string shorthand OR full envelope) into\n * a fully-resolved {@link Expression} carrying both `source` and `ast`.\n *\n * Returns an EvalResult so the caller can render a structured compile error\n * pointing at the offending metadata path.\n */\nexport function normalizeExpression(input: ExpressionInput): EvalResult<Expression> {\n  const parsed = ExpressionInputSchema.safeParse(input);\n  if (!parsed.success) {\n    return {\n      ok: false,\n      error: { kind: 'parse', message: parsed.error.message },\n    };\n  }\n\n  const expr = parsed.data as Expression;\n\n  // Already AST-only — accept as-is.\n  if (expr.ast !== undefined && expr.source === undefined) {\n    return { ok: true, value: expr };\n  }\n\n  // Source-bearing: ask the dialect engine to compile. Failures surface here\n  // as part of the build (no silent skip).\n  const compiled = ExpressionEngine.compile(expr);\n  if (!compiled.ok) {\n    return compiled;\n  }\n\n  return {\n    ok: true,\n    value: {\n      ...expr,\n      ast: compiled.value,\n    },\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Walk an arbitrary JSON tree and normalize every embedded Expression in\n * place. Used by the build pipeline to traverse the assembled metadata\n * artifact. Returns the first error encountered (paired with the dotted path\n * for diagnostics) or `null` when fully clean.\n */\nexport function normalizeExpressionTree(\n  root: unknown,\n  path: string[] = [],\n): { path: string; error: import('./types').EvalError } | null {\n  if (root === null || typeof root !== 'object') return null;\n\n  if (looksLikeExpression(root)) {\n    const r = normalizeExpression(root as ExpressionInput);\n    if (!r.ok) return { path: path.join('.'), error: r.error };\n    Object.assign(root as Record<string, unknown>, r.value);\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  if (Array.isArray(root)) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < root.length; i++) {\n      const r = normalizeExpressionTree(root[i], [...path, String(i)]);\n      if (r) return r;\n    }\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(root as Record<string, unknown>)) {\n    const r = normalizeExpressionTree(v, [...path, k]);\n    if (r) return r;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nfunction looksLikeExpression(value: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!value || typeof value !== 'object' || Array.isArray(value)) return false;\n  const v = value as Record<string, unknown>;\n  if (typeof v.dialect !== 'string') return false;\n  return 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Instead, the `os` namespace in CEL holds\n * *data* (`os.user`, `os.org`, `os.env`) supplied by the caller's\n * {@link EvalContext}.\n */\n\nimport type { Environment } from '@marcbachmann/cel-js';\n\nimport type { EvalContext } from './types';\n\n/** Truncate a Date to start-of-day in UTC. */\nfunction startOfDayUtc(d: Date): Date {\n  const out = new Date(d.getTime());\n  out.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  return out;\n}\n\n/** Add `n` days to a Date in UTC; returns a new Date. */\nfunction addDaysUtc(d: Date, n: number): Date {\n  const out = new Date(d.getTime());\n  out.setUTCDate(out.getUTCDate() + n);\n  return out;\n}\n\n/**\n * Register the ObjectStack standard library into a CEL environment.\n *\n * The `now` resolver is closed over so each call uses the pinned\n * `EvalContext.now` (or wall-clock fallback). Implementations are kept tiny\n * and dependency-free — they're the contract surface for AI authors and must\n * stay legible.\n */\nexport function registerStdLib(\n  env: Environment,\n  now: () => Date,\n): Environment {\n  return env\n    .registerFunction('now(): google.protobuf.Timestamp', () => now())\n    .registerFunction(\n      'today(): google.protobuf.Timestamp',\n      () => startOfDayUtc(now()),\n    )\n    .registerFunction(\n      'daysFromNow(int): google.protobuf.Timestamp',\n      (n: bigint | number) => addDaysUtc(now(), Number(n)),\n    )\n    .registerFunction(\n      'daysAgo(int): google.protobuf.Timestamp',\n      (n: bigint | number) => addDaysUtc(now(), -Number(n)),\n    )\n    // Returns true when `value` is null, undefined, empty string, or empty list.\n    // Matches the intent of legacy `ISBLANK()` while staying CEL-idiomatic.\n    .registerFunction(\n      'isBlank(dyn): bool',\n      (value: unknown) => {\n        if (value === null || value === undefined) return true;\n        if (typeof value === 'string') return value.length === 0;\n        if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.length === 0;\n        return false;\n      },\n    )\n    // Returns `value` when not null/undefined, otherwise the `fallback`.\n    // Use this to safely concatenate optional string fields:\n    //   coalesce(record.salutation, '') + ' ' + coalesce(record.first_name, '')\n    .registerFunction(\n      'coalesce(dyn, dyn): dyn',\n      (value: unknown, fallback: unknown) =>\n        (value === null || value === undefined) ? fallback : value,\n    );\n}\n\n/**\n * Build the variable scope for a single evaluation. Absent fields are simply\n * not bound — CEL macros (`has(record.foo)`) handle missing-key safely.\n */\nexport function buildScope(ctx: EvalContext): Record<string, unknown> {\n  const scope: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n\n  if (ctx.record !== undefined) scope.record = ctx.record;\n  if (ctx.previous !== undefined) scope.previous = ctx.previous;\n  if (ctx.input !== undefined) scope.input = ctx.input;\n\n  // Namespaced data — written as `os.user.id`, `os.env`, etc. in CEL.\n  const os: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n  if (ctx.user !== undefined) os.user = ctx.user;\n  if (ctx.org !== undefined) os.org = ctx.org;\n  if (ctx.env !== undefined) os.env = ctx.env;\n  if (Object.keys(os).length > 0) scope.os = os;\n\n  if (ctx.extra !== undefined) Object.assign(scope, ctx.extra);\n\n  return scope;\n}\n","/**\n * Cron dialect engine.\n *\n * Validates cron expressions at compile time without depending on a parser.\n * Actual schedule firing lives in the scheduler service — this engine just\n * round-trips the expression through `Expression.evaluate`, returning the\n * source so callers can hand it to a scheduler library.\n *\n * Accepted forms:\n *   - 5-field standard cron:  `m h dom mon dow`\n *   - 6-field extended cron:  `s m h dom mon dow`\n *   - Aliases: @yearly, @annually, @monthly, @weekly, @daily, @hourly, @reboot\n */\n\nimport type { Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\n\nconst ALIASES = new Set([\n  '@yearly', '@annually', '@monthly', '@weekly', '@daily', '@hourly', '@reboot',\n]);\n\nfunction validate(source: string): EvalResult<string> {\n  const trimmed = source.trim();\n  if (trimmed.length === 0) {\n    return { ok: false, error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'cron source is empty' } };\n  }\n  if (trimmed.startsWith('@')) {\n    if (!ALIASES.has(trimmed)) {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'parse', message: `unknown cron alias '${trimmed}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    return { ok: true, value: trimmed };\n  }\n  const fields = trimmed.split(/\\s+/);\n  if (fields.length !== 5 && fields.length !== 6) {\n    return {\n      ok: false,\n      error: {\n        kind: 'parse',\n        message: `cron requires 5 or 6 space-separated fields, got ${fields.length}`,\n      },\n    };\n  }\n  // Each field must use only allowed cron characters.\n  const allowed = /^[\\d*/,\\-?LWA-Z#]+$/i;\n  for (let i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {\n    if (!allowed.test(fields[i])) {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: {\n          kind: 'parse',\n          message: `cron field ${i + 1} contains invalid characters: '${fields[i]}'`,\n        },\n      };\n    }\n  }\n  return { ok: true, value: trimmed };\n}\n\nexport const cronEngine: DialectEngine = {\n  dialect: 'cron',\n\n  compile(source: string): EvalResult<unknown> {\n    return validate(source);\n  },\n\n  evaluate<T = unknown>(expr: Expression, _ctx: EvalContext): EvalResult<T> {\n    if (expr.dialect !== 'cron') {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `cronEngine cannot evaluate dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    if (typeof expr.source !== 'string') {\n      return { ok: false, error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'cron Expression.source required' } };\n    }\n    const result = validate(expr.source);\n    if (!result.ok) return result as EvalResult<T>;\n    // Cron expressions don't \"evaluate\" to a value at predicate time — they\n    // describe a schedule. Returning the source lets schedulers consume it.\n    return { ok: true, value: result.value as unknown as T };\n  },\n};\n","/**\n * Template dialect engine — strict Mustache subset.\n *\n * Supports `{{path.to.value}}` interpolation only. No conditionals, no loops,\n * no helpers. The variable scope is the same as CEL (`record`, `previous`,\n * `input`, `os.user`, `os.org`, `os.env`, plus `extra`), so authors can move\n * fluidly between a CEL formula and a template body without re-learning a\n * second variable namespace.\n *\n * Why a separate dialect from CEL: templates produce strings (notification\n * subjects, prompt bodies, titleFormat). CEL is a value-typed expression\n * language. Routing them through the same envelope (`{ dialect: 'template' }`)\n * keeps the AI author rule simple — \"anything templated or computed is an\n * Expression\" — without conflating the two semantics.\n */\n\nimport type { Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport { buildScope } from './stdlib';\nimport type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\n\nconst PATH_RE = /\\{\\{\\s*([\\w.[\\]]+?)\\s*\\}\\}/g;\n\nfunction resolvePath(scope: Record<string, unknown>, path: string): unknown {\n  // Support `a.b.c` and `a[0].b` style. Bracket notation collapses to dotted.\n  const normalized = path.replace(/\\[(\\w+)\\]/g, '.$1');\n  const segments = normalized.split('.').filter(Boolean);\n  let cursor: unknown = scope;\n  for (const seg of segments) {\n    if (cursor == null || typeof cursor !== 'object') return undefined;\n    cursor = (cursor as Record<string, unknown>)[seg];\n  }\n  return cursor;\n}\n\nfunction stringify(value: unknown): string {\n  if (value === null || value === undefined) return '';\n  if (value instanceof Date) return value.toISOString();\n  if (typeof value === 'string') return value;\n  if (typeof value === 'number' || typeof value === 'boolean') return String(value);\n  if (typeof value === 'bigint') return value.toString();\n  try {\n    return JSON.stringify(value);\n  } catch {\n    return String(value);\n  }\n}\n\nfunction compileTemplate(source: string): EvalResult<string[]> {\n  // Compile is only a structural validity check — no helpers, no balanced\n  // open/close beyond what the regex enforces.\n  const matches = source.match(/\\{\\{|\\}\\}/g) ?? [];\n  if (matches.length % 2 !== 0) {\n    return {\n      ok: false,\n      error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'template has unbalanced {{ }} delimiters' },\n    };\n  }\n  const refs: string[] = [];\n  let m: RegExpExecArray | null;\n  PATH_RE.lastIndex = 0;\n  while ((m = PATH_RE.exec(source)) !== null) {\n    refs.push(m[1]);\n  }\n  return { ok: true, value: refs };\n}\n\nexport const templateEngine: DialectEngine = {\n  dialect: 'template',\n\n  compile(source: string): EvalResult<unknown> {\n    return compileTemplate(source);\n  },\n\n  evaluate<T = unknown>(expr: Expression, ctx: EvalContext): EvalResult<T> {\n    if (expr.dialect !== 'template') {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `templateEngine cannot evaluate dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    if (typeof expr.source !== 'string') {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'template Expression.source required' },\n      };\n    }\n    const check = compileTemplate(expr.source);\n    if (!check.ok) return check as EvalResult<T>;\n\n    const scope = buildScope(ctx);\n    const out = expr.source.replace(PATH_RE, (_match, path) => {\n      return stringify(resolvePath(scope, path));\n    });\n    return { ok: true, value: out as unknown as T };\n  },\n};\n","/**\n * Dialect-pluggable Expression engine registry.\n *\n * Replaces the per-call-site `compileFormula` / `evaluateFormula` direct\n * imports of the deleted custom engine. Call sites now ask the registry to\n * dispatch by `expression.dialect`.\n *\n * Stub dialects (`js`, `cron`) are registered at module load with explicit\n * `dialect`-error responses so call sites get a clear message instead of\n * silent `undefined` (the old engine's anti-pattern).\n */\n\nimport type { Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport { celEngine } from './cel-engine';\nimport { cronEngine } from './cron-engine';\nimport { templateEngine } from './template-engine';\nimport type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\n\nconst registry = new Map<string, DialectEngine>();\n\n/** Register or replace a dialect engine. */\nexport function register(engine: DialectEngine): void {\n  registry.set(engine.dialect, engine);\n}\n\n/** Look up a dialect engine without dispatching. */\nexport function getEngine(dialect: string): DialectEngine | undefined {\n  return registry.get(dialect);\n}\n\n/** Whether a dialect has a real (non-stub) implementation registered. */\nexport function hasDialect(dialect: string): boolean {\n  return registry.has(dialect) && !registry.get(dialect)!.dialect.startsWith('stub:');\n}\n\nfunction makeStub(dialect: string, reason: string): DialectEngine {\n  return {\n    dialect,\n    compile: () => ({ ok: false, error: { kind: 'dialect', message: reason } }),\n    evaluate: () => ({ ok: false, error: { kind: 'dialect', message: reason } }),\n  };\n}\n\n// Real engines.\nregister(celEngine);\nregister(cronEngine);\nregister(templateEngine);\n\n// Stubs — `js` lives in @objectstack/plugin-js-vm (not yet shipped).\nregister(makeStub('js', \"dialect 'js' not registered. Install @objectstack/plugin-js-vm\"));\n\n/**\n * The unified evaluation entry point. Replaces the old direct calls to\n * `evaluateFormula` from the deleted custom engine.\n */\nexport const ExpressionEngine = {\n  register,\n  getEngine,\n  hasDialect,\n\n  /**\n   * Compile-only — parse + type-check, returning the engine-native AST. Used\n   * by `objectstack compile` to normalize source into AST in artifacts.\n   */\n  compile(expr: Expression): EvalResult<unknown> {\n    const engine = registry.get(expr.dialect);\n    if (!engine) {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `No engine registered for dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    if (typeof expr.source !== 'string') {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'Expression.source required for compile()' },\n      };\n    }\n    return engine.compile(expr.source);\n  },\n\n  /**\n   * Evaluate an expression in the given context. Never throws — branch on\n   * `result.ok`. Errors carry a `kind` for caller-side classification.\n   */\n  evaluate<T = unknown>(expr: Expression, ctx: EvalContext): EvalResult<T> {\n    const engine = registry.get(expr.dialect);\n    if (!engine) {\n      return {\n        ok: false,\n        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `No engine registered for dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },\n      };\n    }\n    return engine.evaluate<T>(expr, ctx);\n  },\n};\n","/**\n * Seed-value resolver.\n *\n * `Dataset.records` accepts {@link SeedValue} = primitive | Expression | array\n * | object — install-time resolution walks the tree and replaces any\n * Expression node with its evaluated result. This is what makes\n * `close_date: cel\\`now() + duration(\"P30D\")\\`` resolve to *the customer's*\n * \"today + 30 days\" instead of the developer's compile-time clock.\n */\n\nimport { ExpressionSchema, type Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport type { EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';\nimport { ExpressionEngine } from './registry';\n\nexport type SeedPrimitive = string | number | boolean | null | Date;\nexport type SeedValue = SeedPrimitive | Expression | SeedValue[] | { [key: string]: SeedValue };\n\n/** Detect an Expression-shaped object without throwing on unrelated shapes. */\nfunction isExpressionLike(value: unknown): value is Expression {\n  if (!value || typeof value !== 'object' || Array.isArray(value)) return false;\n  const v = value as Record<string, unknown>;\n  if (typeof v.dialect !== 'string') return false;\n  return ExpressionSchema.safeParse(v).success;\n}\n\n/**\n * Recursively resolve a SeedValue. Records that contain Expression leaves are\n * evaluated with `ctx`; other values are passed through unchanged.\n *\n * Returns the first failure encountered. Callers (seed loader) typically\n * abort the whole record on failure rather than silently writing partial data.\n */\nexport function resolveSeed(\n  value: SeedValue,\n  ctx: EvalContext,\n): EvalResult<unknown> {\n  if (value === null || value === undefined) {\n    return { ok: true, value };\n  }\n  const t = typeof value;\n  if (t === 'string' || t === 'number' || t === 'boolean') {\n    return { ok: true, value };\n  }\n  if (value instanceof Date) {\n    return { ok: true, value };\n  }\n  if (Array.isArray(value)) {\n    const out: unknown[] = [];\n    for (const item of value) {\n      const r = resolveSeed(item, ctx);\n      if (!r.ok) return r;\n      out.push(r.value);\n    }\n    return { ok: true, value: out };\n  }\n  if (isExpressionLike(value)) {\n    return ExpressionEngine.evaluate(value, ctx);\n  }\n  // Plain object — recurse field-by-field.\n  const out: Record<string, unknown> = {};\n  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(value as Record<string, SeedValue>)) {\n    const r = resolveSeed(v, ctx);\n    if (!r.ok) return r;\n    out[k] = r.value;\n  }\n  return { ok: true, value: out };\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolve a single record (object of fields), pinning `ctx.now` so all\n * expressions within see one logical clock.\n */\nexport function resolveSeedRecord(\n  record: Record<string, SeedValue>,\n  ctx: EvalContext,\n): EvalResult<Record<string, unknown>> {\n  const pinnedCtx: EvalContext = { ...ctx, now: ctx.now ?? new Date() };\n  const result = resolveSeed(record, pinnedCtx) as EvalResult<Record<string, unknown>>;\n  return result;\n}\n","/**\n * Build-time normalization helpers.\n *\n * The CLI `objectstack compile` step walks the assembled `objectstack.json`\n * artifact and rewrites every Expression so that:\n *\n *  1. String shorthand input is replaced by `{ dialect: 'cel', source }`.\n *  2. The persisted envelope carries an `ast` field produced by the dialect\n *     engine (M9.2 deliverable). Source is retained for round-trip / debug.\n *\n * Spec layer cannot do step 2 because it must remain dependency-free; this\n * package owns the engine import and therefore the AST step.\n */\n\nimport {\n  ExpressionInputSchema,\n  ExpressionSchema,\n  type Expression,\n  type ExpressionInput,\n} from '@objectstack/spec';\n\nimport { ExpressionEngine } from './registry';\nimport type { EvalResult } from './types';\n\n/**\n * Normalize an {@link ExpressionInput} (string shorthand OR full envelope) into\n * a fully-resolved {@link Expression} carrying both `source` and `ast`.\n *\n * Returns an EvalResult so the caller can render a structured compile error\n * pointing at the offending metadata path.\n */\nexport function normalizeExpression(input: ExpressionInput): EvalResult<Expression> {\n  const parsed = ExpressionInputSchema.safeParse(input);\n  if (!parsed.success) {\n    return {\n      ok: false,\n      error: { kind: 'parse', message: parsed.error.message },\n    };\n  }\n\n  const expr = parsed.data as Expression;\n\n  // Already AST-only — accept as-is.\n  if (expr.ast !== undefined && expr.source === undefined) {\n    return { ok: true, value: expr };\n  }\n\n  // Source-bearing: ask the dialect engine to compile. Failures surface here\n  // as part of the build (no silent skip).\n  const compiled = ExpressionEngine.compile(expr);\n  if (!compiled.ok) {\n    return compiled;\n  }\n\n  return {\n    ok: true,\n    value: {\n      ...expr,\n      ast: compiled.value,\n    },\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Walk an arbitrary JSON tree and normalize every embedded Expression in\n * place. Used by the build pipeline to traverse the assembled metadata\n * artifact. Returns the first error encountered (paired with the dotted path\n * for diagnostics) or `null` when fully clean.\n */\nexport function normalizeExpressionTree(\n  root: unknown,\n  path: string[] = [],\n): { path: string; error: import('./types').EvalError } | null {\n  if (root === null || typeof root !== 'object') return null;\n\n  if (looksLikeExpression(root)) {\n    const r = normalizeExpression(root as ExpressionInput);\n    if (!r.ok) return { path: path.join('.'), error: r.error };\n    Object.assign(root as Record<string, unknown>, r.value);\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  if (Array.isArray(root)) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < root.length; i++) {\n      const r = normalizeExpressionTree(root[i], [...path, String(i)]);\n      if (r) return r;\n    }\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(root as Record<string, unknown>)) {\n    const r = normalizeExpressionTree(v, [...path, k]);\n    if (r) return r;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\n\nfunction looksLikeExpression(value: unknown): boolean {\n  if (!value || typeof value !== 'object' || Array.isArray(value)) return false;\n  const v = value as Record<string, unknown>;\n  if (typeof v.dialect !== 'string') return false;\n  return 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package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@objectstack/formula",
-  "version": "4.0.4",
+  "version": "4.0.5",
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "description": "ObjectStack canonical expression engine — CEL (cel-js) + ObjectStack stdlib + dialect registry",
   "main": "dist/index.js",
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@marcbachmann/cel-js": "^7.6.1",
-    "@objectstack/spec": "4.0.4"
+    "@objectstack/spec": "4.0.5"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "typescript": "^6.0.3",

package/src/cron-engine.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+
+import { cronEngine } from './cron-engine';
+
+describe('cronEngine', () => {
+  it('accepts standard 5-field cron', () => {
+    const r = cronEngine.evaluate({ dialect: 'cron', source: '0 9 * * 1-5' }, {});
+    expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('accepts 6-field cron', () => {
+    const r = cronEngine.evaluate({ dialect: 'cron', source: '0 0 9 * * 1' }, {});
+    expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('accepts aliases', () => {
+    for (const alias of ['@daily', '@hourly', '@weekly', '@monthly', '@yearly']) {
+      expect(cronEngine.evaluate({ dialect: 'cron', source: alias }, {}).ok).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('rejects empty source', () => {
+    const r = cronEngine.evaluate({ dialect: 'cron', source: '   ' }, {});
+    expect(r.ok).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects unknown alias', () => {
+    const r = cronEngine.evaluate({ dialect: 'cron', source: '@whenever' }, {});
+    expect(r.ok).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects wrong field count', () => {
+    const r = cronEngine.evaluate({ dialect: 'cron', source: '* * *' }, {});
+    expect(r.ok).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects invalid characters', () => {
+    const r = cronEngine.evaluate({ dialect: 'cron', source: '* * * * !' }, {});
+    expect(r.ok).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

package/src/cron-engine.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/**
+ * Cron dialect engine.
+ *
+ * Validates cron expressions at compile time without depending on a parser.
+ * Actual schedule firing lives in the scheduler service — this engine just
+ * round-trips the expression through `Expression.evaluate`, returning the
+ * source so callers can hand it to a scheduler library.
+ *
+ * Accepted forms:
+ *   - 5-field standard cron:  `m h dom mon dow`
+ *   - 6-field extended cron:  `s m h dom mon dow`
+ *   - Aliases: @yearly, @annually, @monthly, @weekly, @daily, @hourly, @reboot
+ */
+
+import type { Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';
+
+import type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';
+
+const ALIASES = new Set([
+  '@yearly', '@annually', '@monthly', '@weekly', '@daily', '@hourly', '@reboot',
+]);
+
+function validate(source: string): EvalResult<string> {
+  const trimmed = source.trim();
+  if (trimmed.length === 0) {
+    return { ok: false, error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'cron source is empty' } };
+  }
+  if (trimmed.startsWith('@')) {
+    if (!ALIASES.has(trimmed)) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: { kind: 'parse', message: `unknown cron alias '${trimmed}'` },
+      };
+    }
+    return { ok: true, value: trimmed };
+  }
+  const fields = trimmed.split(/\s+/);
+  if (fields.length !== 5 && fields.length !== 6) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      error: {
+        kind: 'parse',
+        message: `cron requires 5 or 6 space-separated fields, got ${fields.length}`,
+      },
+    };
+  }
+  // Each field must use only allowed cron characters.
+  const allowed = /^[\d*/,\-?LWA-Z#]+$/i;
+  for (let i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
+    if (!allowed.test(fields[i])) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: {
+          kind: 'parse',
+          message: `cron field ${i + 1} contains invalid characters: '${fields[i]}'`,
+        },
+      };
+    }
+  }
+  return { ok: true, value: trimmed };
+}
+
+export const cronEngine: DialectEngine = {
+  dialect: 'cron',
+
+  compile(source: string): EvalResult<unknown> {
+    return validate(source);
+  },
+
+  evaluate<T = unknown>(expr: Expression, _ctx: EvalContext): EvalResult<T> {
+    if (expr.dialect !== 'cron') {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `cronEngine cannot evaluate dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },
+      };
+    }
+    if (typeof expr.source !== 'string') {
+      return { ok: false, error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'cron Expression.source required' } };
+    }
+    const result = validate(expr.source);
+    if (!result.ok) return result as EvalResult<T>;
+    // Cron expressions don't "evaluate" to a value at predicate time — they
+    // describe a schedule. Returning the source lets schedulers consume it.
+    return { ok: true, value: result.value as unknown as T };
+  },
+};

package/src/index.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 
 export { ExpressionEngine, getEngine, hasDialect, register } from './registry';
 export { celEngine, DEFAULT_LIMITS } from './cel-engine';
+export { cronEngine } from './cron-engine';
+export { templateEngine } from './template-engine';
 export { registerStdLib, buildScope } from './stdlib';
 export { resolveSeed, resolveSeedRecord } from './seed-eval';
 export { normalizeExpression, normalizeExpressionTree } from './normalize';

package/src/registry.test.ts

@@ -17,11 +17,25 @@ describe('ExpressionEngine registry', () => {
     if (!r.ok) expect(r.error.kind).toBe('dialect');
   });
 
-  it('returns dialect error for cron stub', () => {
+  it('routes cron dialect to cronEngine (validates schedule)', () => {
     const expr: Expression = { dialect: 'cron', source: '* * * * *' };
     const r = ExpressionEngine.evaluate(expr, {});
+    expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+    if (r.ok) expect(r.value).toBe('* * * * *');
+  });
+
+  it('cron rejects malformed source', () => {
+    const r = ExpressionEngine.evaluate({ dialect: 'cron', source: 'not a cron' }, {});
     expect(r.ok).toBe(false);
-    if (!r.ok) expect(r.error.kind).toBe('dialect');
+    if (!r.ok) expect(r.error.kind).toBe('parse');
+  });
+
+  it('routes template dialect to templateEngine', () => {
+    const r = ExpressionEngine.evaluate(
+      { dialect: 'template', source: 'Hello {{record.name}}' },
+      { record: { name: 'World' } },
+    );
+    expect(r).toEqual({ ok: true, value: 'Hello World' });
   });
 
   it('returns dialect error for unknown dialect', () => {

package/src/registry.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 import type { Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';
 
 import { celEngine } from './cel-engine';
+import { cronEngine } from './cron-engine';
+import { templateEngine } from './template-engine';
 import type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';
 
 const registry = new Map<string, DialectEngine>();
@@ -42,10 +44,11 @@ function makeStub(dialect: string, reason: string): DialectEngine {
 
 // Real engines.
 register(celEngine);
+register(cronEngine);
+register(templateEngine);
 
-// Stubs — phased in by later milestones (M9.5+ for `js`, M9.6 for `cron`).
+// Stubs — `js` lives in @objectstack/plugin-js-vm (not yet shipped).
 register(makeStub('js', "dialect 'js' not registered. Install @objectstack/plugin-js-vm"));
-register(makeStub('cron', "dialect 'cron' not registered. Install @objectstack/plugin-cron"));
 
 /**
  * The unified evaluation entry point. Replaces the old direct calls to

package/src/stdlib.ts

@@ -54,6 +54,25 @@ export function registerStdLib(
     .registerFunction(
       'daysAgo(int): google.protobuf.Timestamp',
       (n: bigint | number) => addDaysUtc(now(), -Number(n)),
+    )
+    // Returns true when `value` is null, undefined, empty string, or empty list.
+    // Matches the intent of legacy `ISBLANK()` while staying CEL-idiomatic.
+    .registerFunction(
+      'isBlank(dyn): bool',
+      (value: unknown) => {
+        if (value === null || value === undefined) return true;
+        if (typeof value === 'string') return value.length === 0;
+        if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.length === 0;
+        return false;
+      },
+    )
+    // Returns `value` when not null/undefined, otherwise the `fallback`.
+    // Use this to safely concatenate optional string fields:
+    //   coalesce(record.salutation, '') + ' ' + coalesce(record.first_name, '')
+    .registerFunction(
+      'coalesce(dyn, dyn): dyn',
+      (value: unknown, fallback: unknown) =>
+        (value === null || value === undefined) ? fallback : value,
     );
 }
 

package/src/template-engine.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+
+import { templateEngine } from './template-engine';
+
+describe('templateEngine', () => {
+  it('substitutes simple paths', () => {
+    const r = templateEngine.evaluate(
+      { dialect: 'template', source: 'Hi {{record.name}}!' },
+      { record: { name: 'Lisa' } },
+    );
+    expect(r).toEqual({ ok: true, value: 'Hi Lisa!' });
+  });
+
+  it('renders nested paths', () => {
+    const r = templateEngine.evaluate(
+      { dialect: 'template', source: '{{record.account.name}} ({{record.account.tier}})' },
+      { record: { account: { name: 'Acme', tier: 'gold' } } },
+    );
+    expect(r).toEqual({ ok: true, value: 'Acme (gold)' });
+  });
+
+  it('renders empty for missing paths', () => {
+    const r = templateEngine.evaluate(
+      { dialect: 'template', source: 'X={{record.missing}}Y' },
+      { record: {} },
+    );
+    expect(r).toEqual({ ok: true, value: 'X=Y' });
+  });
+
+  it('exposes os.user / os.org / os.env', () => {
+    const r = templateEngine.evaluate(
+      { dialect: 'template', source: '{{os.user.id}}@{{os.org.id}}' },
+      { user: { id: 'u1' }, org: { id: 'o1' } },
+    );
+    expect(r).toEqual({ ok: true, value: 'u1@o1' });
+  });
+
+  it('rejects unbalanced delimiters', () => {
+    const r = templateEngine.compile('Hi {{name');
+    expect(r.ok).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('refuses non-template dialect', () => {
+    const r = templateEngine.evaluate(
+      { dialect: 'cel', source: '1' } as never,
+      {},
+    );
+    expect(r.ok).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('handles bracket notation', () => {
+    const r = templateEngine.evaluate(
+      { dialect: 'template', source: '{{record.tags[0]}}' },
+      { record: { tags: ['hot', 'cold'] } },
+    );
+    expect(r).toEqual({ ok: true, value: 'hot' });
+  });
+});

package/src/template-engine.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/**
+ * Template dialect engine — strict Mustache subset.
+ *
+ * Supports `{{path.to.value}}` interpolation only. No conditionals, no loops,
+ * no helpers. The variable scope is the same as CEL (`record`, `previous`,
+ * `input`, `os.user`, `os.org`, `os.env`, plus `extra`), so authors can move
+ * fluidly between a CEL formula and a template body without re-learning a
+ * second variable namespace.
+ *
+ * Why a separate dialect from CEL: templates produce strings (notification
+ * subjects, prompt bodies, titleFormat). CEL is a value-typed expression
+ * language. Routing them through the same envelope (`{ dialect: 'template' }`)
+ * keeps the AI author rule simple — "anything templated or computed is an
+ * Expression" — without conflating the two semantics.
+ */
+
+import type { Expression } from '@objectstack/spec';
+
+import { buildScope } from './stdlib';
+import type { DialectEngine, EvalContext, EvalResult } from './types';
+
+const PATH_RE = /\{\{\s*([\w.[\]]+?)\s*\}\}/g;
+
+function resolvePath(scope: Record<string, unknown>, path: string): unknown {
+  // Support `a.b.c` and `a[0].b` style. Bracket notation collapses to dotted.
+  const normalized = path.replace(/\[(\w+)\]/g, '.$1');
+  const segments = normalized.split('.').filter(Boolean);
+  let cursor: unknown = scope;
+  for (const seg of segments) {
+    if (cursor == null || typeof cursor !== 'object') return undefined;
+    cursor = (cursor as Record<string, unknown>)[seg];
+  }
+  return cursor;
+}
+
+function stringify(value: unknown): string {
+  if (value === null || value === undefined) return '';
+  if (value instanceof Date) return value.toISOString();
+  if (typeof value === 'string') return value;
+  if (typeof value === 'number' || typeof value === 'boolean') return String(value);
+  if (typeof value === 'bigint') return value.toString();
+  try {
+    return JSON.stringify(value);
+  } catch {
+    return String(value);
+  }
+}
+
+function compileTemplate(source: string): EvalResult<string[]> {
+  // Compile is only a structural validity check — no helpers, no balanced
+  // open/close beyond what the regex enforces.
+  const matches = source.match(/\{\{|\}\}/g) ?? [];
+  if (matches.length % 2 !== 0) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'template has unbalanced {{ }} delimiters' },
+    };
+  }
+  const refs: string[] = [];
+  let m: RegExpExecArray | null;
+  PATH_RE.lastIndex = 0;
+  while ((m = PATH_RE.exec(source)) !== null) {
+    refs.push(m[1]);
+  }
+  return { ok: true, value: refs };
+}
+
+export const templateEngine: DialectEngine = {
+  dialect: 'template',
+
+  compile(source: string): EvalResult<unknown> {
+    return compileTemplate(source);
+  },
+
+  evaluate<T = unknown>(expr: Expression, ctx: EvalContext): EvalResult<T> {
+    if (expr.dialect !== 'template') {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: { kind: 'dialect', message: `templateEngine cannot evaluate dialect '${expr.dialect}'` },
+      };
+    }
+    if (typeof expr.source !== 'string') {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        error: { kind: 'parse', message: 'template Expression.source required' },
+      };
+    }
+    const check = compileTemplate(expr.source);
+    if (!check.ok) return check as EvalResult<T>;
+
+    const scope = buildScope(ctx);
+    const out = expr.source.replace(PATH_RE, (_match, path) => {
+      return stringify(resolvePath(scope, path));
+    });
+    return { ok: true, value: out as unknown as T };
+  },
+};