@npmcli/config 6.1.7 → 6.2.1

package/lib/definitions/definitions.js

@@ -0,0 +1,2384 @@
+const definitions = {}
+module.exports = definitions
+
+const Definition = require('./definition.js')
+
+const ciInfo = require('ci-info')
+const querystring = require('querystring')
+const { join } = require('path')
+
+const isWindows = process.platform === 'win32'
+
+// used by cafile flattening to flatOptions.ca
+const fs = require('fs')
+const maybeReadFile = file => {
+  try {
+    return fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf8')
+  } catch (er) {
+    if (er.code !== 'ENOENT') {
+      throw er
+    }
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+const buildOmitList = obj => {
+  const include = obj.include || []
+  const omit = obj.omit || []
+
+  const only = obj.only
+  if (/^prod(uction)?$/.test(only) || obj.production) {
+    omit.push('dev')
+  } else if (obj.production === false) {
+    include.push('dev')
+  }
+
+  if (/^dev/.test(obj.also)) {
+    include.push('dev')
+  }
+
+  if (obj.dev) {
+    include.push('dev')
+  }
+
+  if (obj.optional === false) {
+    omit.push('optional')
+  } else if (obj.optional === true) {
+    include.push('optional')
+  }
+
+  obj.omit = [...new Set(omit)].filter(type => !include.includes(type))
+  obj.include = [...new Set(include)]
+
+  if (obj.omit.includes('dev')) {
+    process.env.NODE_ENV = 'production'
+  }
+
+  return obj.omit
+}
+
+const editor = process.env.EDITOR ||
+  process.env.VISUAL ||
+  (isWindows ? `${process.env.SYSTEMROOT}\\notepad.exe` : 'vi')
+
+const shell = isWindows ? process.env.ComSpec || 'cmd'
+  : process.env.SHELL || 'sh'
+
+const { tmpdir, networkInterfaces } = require('os')
+const getLocalAddresses = () => {
+  try {
+    return Object.values(networkInterfaces()).map(
+      int => int.map(({ address }) => address)
+    ).reduce((set, addrs) => set.concat(addrs), [null])
+  } catch (e) {
+    return [null]
+  }
+}
+
+const unicode = /UTF-?8$/i.test(
+  process.env.LC_ALL ||
+  process.env.LC_CTYPE ||
+  process.env.LANG
+)
+
+// use LOCALAPPDATA on Windows, if set
+// https://github.com/npm/cli/pull/899
+const cacheRoot = (isWindows && process.env.LOCALAPPDATA) || '~'
+const cacheExtra = isWindows ? 'npm-cache' : '.npm'
+const cache = `${cacheRoot}/${cacheExtra}`
+
+// TODO: refactor these type definitions so that they are less
+// weird to pull out of the config module.
+// TODO: use better type definition/validation API, nopt's is so weird.
+const {
+  semver: { type: semver },
+  Umask: { type: Umask },
+  url: { type: url },
+  path: { type: path },
+} = require('../type-defs.js')
+
+const define = (key, def) => {
+  /* istanbul ignore if - this should never happen, prevents mistakes below */
+  if (definitions[key]) {
+    throw new Error(`defining key more than once: ${key}`)
+  }
+  definitions[key] = new Definition(key, def)
+}
+
+// basic flattening function, just copy it over camelCase
+const flatten = (key, obj, flatOptions) => {
+  const camel = key.replace(/-([a-z])/g, (_0, _1) => _1.toUpperCase())
+  flatOptions[camel] = obj[key]
+}
+
+// TODO:
+// Instead of having each definition provide a flatten method,
+// provide the (?list of?) flat option field(s?) that it impacts.
+// When that config is set, we mark the relevant flatOption fields
+// dirty.  Then, a getter for that field defines how we actually
+// set it.
+//
+// So, `save-dev`, `save-optional`, `save-prod`, et al would indicate
+// that they affect the `saveType` flat option.  Then the config.flat
+// object has a `get saveType () { ... }` that looks at the "real"
+// config settings from files etc and returns the appropriate value.
+//
+// Getters will also (maybe?) give us a hook to audit flat option
+// usage, so we can document and group these more appropriately.
+//
+// This will be a problem with cases where we currently do:
+// const opts = { ...npm.flatOptions, foo: 'bar' }, but we can maybe
+// instead do `npm.config.set('foo', 'bar')` prior to passing the
+// config object down where it needs to go.
+//
+// This way, when we go hunting for "where does saveType come from anyway!?"
+// while fixing some Arborist bug, we won't have to hunt through too
+// many places.
+
+// Define all config keys we know about
+
+define('_auth', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, String],
+  description: `
+    A basic-auth string to use when authenticating against the npm registry.
+    This will ONLY be used to authenticate against the npm registry.  For other
+    registries you will need to scope it like "//other-registry.tld/:_auth"
+
+    Warning: This should generally not be set via a command-line option.  It
+    is safer to use a registry-provided authentication bearer token stored in
+    the ~/.npmrc file by running \`npm login\`.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('access', {
+  default: null,
+  defaultDescription: `
+    'public' for new packages, existing packages it will not change the current level
+  `,
+  type: [null, 'restricted', 'public'],
+  description: `
+    If you do not want your scoped package to be publicly viewable (and
+    installable) set \`--access=restricted\`.
+
+    Unscoped packages can not be set to \`restricted\`.
+
+    Note: This defaults to not changing the current access level for existing
+    packages.  Specifying a value of \`restricted\` or \`public\` during
+    publish will change the access for an existing package the same way that
+    \`npm access set status\` would.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('all', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  short: 'a',
+  description: `
+    When running \`npm outdated\` and \`npm ls\`, setting \`--all\` will show
+    all outdated or installed packages, rather than only those directly
+    depended upon by the current project.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('allow-same-version', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Prevents throwing an error when \`npm version\` is used to set the new
+    version to the same value as the current version.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('also', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, 'dev', 'development'],
+  description: `
+    When set to \`dev\` or \`development\`, this is an alias for
+    \`--include=dev\`.
+  `,
+  deprecated: 'Please use --include=dev instead.',
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    definitions.omit.flatten('omit', obj, flatOptions)
+  },
+})
+
+define('audit', {
+  default: true,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the
+    default registry and all registries configured for scopes.  See the
+    documentation for [\`npm audit\`](/commands/npm-audit) for details on what
+    is submitted.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('audit-level', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, 'info', 'low', 'moderate', 'high', 'critical', 'none'],
+  description: `
+    The minimum level of vulnerability for \`npm audit\` to exit with
+    a non-zero exit code.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('auth-type', {
+  default: 'web',
+  type: ['legacy', 'web'],
+  description: `
+    What authentication strategy to use with \`login\`.
+    Note that if an \`otp\` config is given, this value will always be set to \`legacy\`.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('before', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, Date],
+  description: `
+    If passed to \`npm install\`, will rebuild the npm tree such that only
+    versions that were available **on or before** the \`--before\` time get
+    installed.  If there's no versions available for the current set of
+    direct dependencies, the command will error.
+
+    If the requested version is a \`dist-tag\` and the given tag does not
+    pass the \`--before\` filter, the most recent version less than or equal
+    to that tag will be used. For example, \`foo@latest\` might install
+    \`foo@1.2\` even though \`latest\` is \`2.0\`.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('bin-links', {
+  default: true,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Tells npm to create symlinks (or \`.cmd\` shims on Windows) for package
+    executables.
+
+    Set to false to have it not do this.  This can be used to work around the
+    fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly
+    Unix systems.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('browser', {
+  default: null,
+  defaultDescription: `
+    OS X: \`"open"\`, Windows: \`"start"\`, Others: \`"xdg-open"\`
+  `,
+  type: [null, Boolean, String],
+  description: `
+    The browser that is called by npm commands to open websites.
+
+    Set to \`false\` to suppress browser behavior and instead print urls to
+    terminal.
+
+    Set to \`true\` to use default system URL opener.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('ca', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, String, Array],
+  description: `
+    The Certificate Authority signing certificate that is trusted for SSL
+    connections to the registry. Values should be in PEM format (Windows
+    calls it "Base-64 encoded X.509 (.CER)") with newlines replaced by the
+    string "\\n". For example:
+
+    \`\`\`ini
+    ca="-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\\nXXXX\\nXXXX\\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
+    \`\`\`
+
+    Set to \`null\` to only allow "known" registrars, or to a specific CA
+    cert to trust only that specific signing authority.
+
+    Multiple CAs can be trusted by specifying an array of certificates:
+
+    \`\`\`ini
+    ca[]="..."
+    ca[]="..."
+    \`\`\`
+
+    See also the \`strict-ssl\` config.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('cache', {
+  default: cache,
+  defaultDescription: `
+    Windows: \`%LocalAppData%\\npm-cache\`, Posix: \`~/.npm\`
+  `,
+  type: path,
+  description: `
+    The location of npm's cache directory.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.cache = join(obj.cache, '_cacache')
+    flatOptions.npxCache = join(obj.cache, '_npx')
+    flatOptions.tufCache = join(obj.cache, '_tuf')
+  },
+})
+
+define('cache-max', {
+  default: Infinity,
+  type: Number,
+  description: `
+    \`--cache-max=0\` is an alias for \`--prefer-online\`
+  `,
+  deprecated: `
+    This option has been deprecated in favor of \`--prefer-online\`
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    if (obj[key] <= 0) {
+      flatOptions.preferOnline = true
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+define('cache-min', {
+  default: 0,
+  type: Number,
+  description: `
+    \`--cache-min=9999 (or bigger)\` is an alias for \`--prefer-offline\`.
+  `,
+  deprecated: `
+    This option has been deprecated in favor of \`--prefer-offline\`.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    if (obj[key] >= 9999) {
+      flatOptions.preferOffline = true
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+define('cafile', {
+  default: null,
+  type: path,
+  description: `
+    A path to a file containing one or multiple Certificate Authority signing
+    certificates. Similar to the \`ca\` setting, but allows for multiple
+    CA's, as well as for the CA information to be stored in a file on disk.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    // always set to null in defaults
+    if (!obj.cafile) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    const raw = maybeReadFile(obj.cafile)
+    if (!raw) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    const delim = '-----END CERTIFICATE-----'
+    flatOptions.ca = raw.replace(/\r\n/g, '\n').split(delim)
+      .filter(section => section.trim())
+      .map(section => section.trimLeft() + delim)
+  },
+})
+
+define('call', {
+  default: '',
+  type: String,
+  short: 'c',
+  description: `
+    Optional companion option for \`npm exec\`, \`npx\` that allows for
+    specifying a custom command to be run along with the installed packages.
+
+    \`\`\`bash
+    npm exec --package yo --package generator-node --call "yo node"
+    \`\`\`
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('cert', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, String],
+  description: `
+    A client certificate to pass when accessing the registry.  Values should
+    be in PEM format (Windows calls it "Base-64 encoded X.509 (.CER)") with
+    newlines replaced by the string "\\n". For example:
+
+    \`\`\`ini
+    cert="-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\\nXXXX\\nXXXX\\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
+    \`\`\`
+
+    It is _not_ the path to a certificate file, though you can set a registry-scoped
+    "certfile" path like "//other-registry.tld/:certfile=/path/to/cert.pem".
+  `,
+  deprecated: `
+    \`key\` and \`cert\` are no longer used for most registry operations.
+    Use registry scoped \`keyfile\` and \`certfile\` instead.
+    Example:
+    //other-registry.tld/:keyfile=/path/to/key.pem
+    //other-registry.tld/:certfile=/path/to/cert.crt
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('ci-name', {
+  default: ciInfo.name ? ciInfo.name.toLowerCase().split(' ').join('-') : null,
+  defaultDescription: `
+    The name of the current CI system, or \`null\` when not on a known CI
+    platform.
+  `,
+  type: [null, String],
+  deprecated: `
+    This config is deprecated and will not be changeable in future version of npm.
+  `,
+  description: `
+    The name of a continuous integration system.  If not set explicitly, npm
+    will detect the current CI environment using the
+    [\`ci-info\`](http://npm.im/ci-info) module.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('cidr', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, String, Array],
+  description: `
+    This is a list of CIDR address to be used when configuring limited access
+    tokens with the \`npm token create\` command.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+// This should never be directly used, the flattened value is the derived value
+// and is sent to other modules, and is also exposed as `npm.color` for use
+// inside npm itself.
+define('color', {
+  default: !process.env.NO_COLOR || process.env.NO_COLOR === '0',
+  usage: '--color|--no-color|--color always',
+  defaultDescription: `
+    true unless the NO_COLOR environ is set to something other than '0'
+  `,
+  type: ['always', Boolean],
+  description: `
+    If false, never shows colors.  If \`"always"\` then always shows colors.
+    If true, then only prints color codes for tty file descriptors.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.color = !obj.color ? false
+      : obj.color === 'always' ? true
+      : !!process.stdout.isTTY
+    flatOptions.logColor = !obj.color ? false
+      : obj.color === 'always' ? true
+      : !!process.stderr.isTTY
+  },
+})
+
+define('commit-hooks', {
+  default: true,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Run git commit hooks when using the \`npm version\` command.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('depth', {
+  default: null,
+  defaultDescription: `
+    \`Infinity\` if \`--all\` is set, otherwise \`1\`
+  `,
+  type: [null, Number],
+  description: `
+    The depth to go when recursing packages for \`npm ls\`.
+
+    If not set, \`npm ls\` will show only the immediate dependencies of the
+    root project.  If \`--all\` is set, then npm will show all dependencies
+    by default.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('description', {
+  default: true,
+  type: Boolean,
+  usage: '--no-description',
+  description: `
+    Show the description in \`npm search\`
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.search = flatOptions.search || { limit: 20 }
+    flatOptions.search[key] = obj[key]
+  },
+})
+
+define('dev', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Alias for \`--include=dev\`.
+  `,
+  deprecated: 'Please use --include=dev instead.',
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    definitions.omit.flatten('omit', obj, flatOptions)
+  },
+})
+
+define('diff', {
+  default: [],
+  hint: '<package-spec>',
+  type: [String, Array],
+  description: `
+    Define arguments to compare in \`npm diff\`.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('diff-ignore-all-space', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Ignore whitespace when comparing lines in \`npm diff\`.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('diff-name-only', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Prints only filenames when using \`npm diff\`.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('diff-no-prefix', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Do not show any source or destination prefix in \`npm diff\` output.
+
+    Note: this causes \`npm diff\` to ignore the \`--diff-src-prefix\` and
+    \`--diff-dst-prefix\` configs.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('diff-dst-prefix', {
+  default: 'b/',
+  hint: '<path>',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    Destination prefix to be used in \`npm diff\` output.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('diff-src-prefix', {
+  default: 'a/',
+  hint: '<path>',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    Source prefix to be used in \`npm diff\` output.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('diff-text', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Treat all files as text in \`npm diff\`.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('diff-unified', {
+  default: 3,
+  type: Number,
+  description: `
+    The number of lines of context to print in \`npm diff\`.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('dry-run', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should
+    only report what it would have done.  This can be passed into any of the
+    commands that modify your local installation, eg, \`install\`,
+    \`update\`, \`dedupe\`, \`uninstall\`, as well as \`pack\` and
+    \`publish\`.
+
+    Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg
+    \`dist-tags\`, \`owner\`, etc.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('editor', {
+  default: editor,
+  defaultDescription: `
+    The EDITOR or VISUAL environment variables, or '%SYSTEMROOT%\\notepad.exe' on Windows,
+    or 'vi' on Unix systems
+  `,
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    The command to run for \`npm edit\` and \`npm config edit\`.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('engine-strict', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    If set to true, then npm will stubbornly refuse to install (or even
+    consider installing) any package that claims to not be compatible with
+    the current Node.js version.
+
+    This can be overridden by setting the \`--force\` flag.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('fetch-retries', {
+  default: 2,
+  type: Number,
+  description: `
+    The "retries" config for the \`retry\` module to use when fetching
+    packages from the registry.
+
+    npm will retry idempotent read requests to the registry in the case
+    of network failures or 5xx HTTP errors.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.retry = flatOptions.retry || {}
+    flatOptions.retry.retries = obj[key]
+  },
+})
+
+define('fetch-retry-factor', {
+  default: 10,
+  type: Number,
+  description: `
+    The "factor" config for the \`retry\` module to use when fetching
+    packages.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.retry = flatOptions.retry || {}
+    flatOptions.retry.factor = obj[key]
+  },
+})
+
+define('fetch-retry-maxtimeout', {
+  default: 60000,
+  defaultDescription: '60000 (1 minute)',
+  type: Number,
+  description: `
+    The "maxTimeout" config for the \`retry\` module to use when fetching
+    packages.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.retry = flatOptions.retry || {}
+    flatOptions.retry.maxTimeout = obj[key]
+  },
+})
+
+define('fetch-retry-mintimeout', {
+  default: 10000,
+  defaultDescription: '10000 (10 seconds)',
+  type: Number,
+  description: `
+    The "minTimeout" config for the \`retry\` module to use when fetching
+    packages.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.retry = flatOptions.retry || {}
+    flatOptions.retry.minTimeout = obj[key]
+  },
+})
+
+define('fetch-timeout', {
+  default: 5 * 60 * 1000,
+  defaultDescription: `${5 * 60 * 1000} (5 minutes)`,
+  type: Number,
+  description: `
+    The maximum amount of time to wait for HTTP requests to complete.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.timeout = obj[key]
+  },
+})
+
+define('force', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  short: 'f',
+  description: `
+    Removes various protections against unfortunate side effects, common
+    mistakes, unnecessary performance degradation, and malicious input.
+
+    * Allow clobbering non-npm files in global installs.
+    * Allow the \`npm version\` command to work on an unclean git repository.
+    * Allow deleting the cache folder with \`npm cache clean\`.
+    * Allow installing packages that have an \`engines\` declaration
+      requiring a different version of npm.
+    * Allow installing packages that have an \`engines\` declaration
+      requiring a different version of \`node\`, even if \`--engine-strict\`
+      is enabled.
+    * Allow \`npm audit fix\` to install modules outside your stated
+      dependency range (including SemVer-major changes).
+    * Allow unpublishing all versions of a published package.
+    * Allow conflicting peerDependencies to be installed in the root project.
+    * Implicitly set \`--yes\` during \`npm init\`.
+    * Allow clobbering existing values in \`npm pkg\`
+    * Allow unpublishing of entire packages (not just a single version).
+
+    If you don't have a clear idea of what you want to do, it is strongly
+    recommended that you do not use this option!
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('foreground-scripts', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Run all build scripts (ie, \`preinstall\`, \`install\`, and
+    \`postinstall\`) scripts for installed packages in the foreground
+    process, sharing standard input, output, and error with the main npm
+    process.
+
+    Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much
+    noisier, but can be useful for debugging.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('format-package-lock', {
+  default: true,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Format \`package-lock.json\` or \`npm-shrinkwrap.json\` as a human
+    readable file.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('fund', {
+  default: true,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    When "true" displays the message at the end of each \`npm install\`
+    acknowledging the number of dependencies looking for funding.
+    See [\`npm fund\`](/commands/npm-fund) for details.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('git', {
+  default: 'git',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    The command to use for git commands.  If git is installed on the
+    computer, but is not in the \`PATH\`, then set this to the full path to
+    the git binary.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('git-tag-version', {
+  default: true,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Tag the commit when using the \`npm version\` command.  Setting this to
+    false results in no commit being made at all.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('global', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  short: 'g',
+  description: `
+    Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the
+    \`prefix\` folder instead of the current working directory.  See
+    [folders](/configuring-npm/folders) for more on the differences in
+    behavior.
+
+    * packages are installed into the \`{prefix}/lib/node_modules\` folder,
+      instead of the current working directory.
+    * bin files are linked to \`{prefix}/bin\`
+    * man pages are linked to \`{prefix}/share/man\`
+  `,
+  flatten: (key, obj, flatOptions) => {
+    flatten(key, obj, flatOptions)
+    if (flatOptions.global) {
+      flatOptions.location = 'global'
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+// the globalconfig has its default defined outside of this module
+define('globalconfig', {
+  type: path,
+  default: '',
+  defaultDescription: `
+    The global --prefix setting plus 'etc/npmrc'. For example,
+    '/usr/local/etc/npmrc'
+  `,
+  description: `
+    The config file to read for global config options.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('global-style', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Only install direct dependencies in the top level \`node_modules\`,
+    but hoist on deeper dependencies.
+    Sets \`--install-strategy=shallow\`.
+  `,
+  deprecated: `
+    This option has been deprecated in favor of \`--install-strategy=shallow\`
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    if (obj[key]) {
+      obj['install-strategy'] = 'shallow'
+      flatOptions.installStrategy = 'shallow'
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+define('heading', {
+  default: 'npm',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    The string that starts all the debugging log output.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('https-proxy', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, url],
+  description: `
+    A proxy to use for outgoing https requests. If the \`HTTPS_PROXY\` or
+    \`https_proxy\` or \`HTTP_PROXY\` or \`http_proxy\` environment variables
+    are set, proxy settings will be honored by the underlying
+    \`make-fetch-happen\` library.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('if-present', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  envExport: false,
+  description: `
+    If true, npm will not exit with an error code when \`run-script\` is
+    invoked for a script that isn't defined in the \`scripts\` section of
+    \`package.json\`. This option can be used when it's desirable to
+    optionally run a script when it's present and fail if the script fails.
+    This is useful, for example, when running scripts that may only apply for
+    some builds in an otherwise generic CI setup.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('ignore-scripts', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files.
+
+    Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such
+    as \`npm start\`, \`npm stop\`, \`npm restart\`, \`npm test\`, and \`npm
+    run-script\` will still run their intended script if \`ignore-scripts\` is
+    set, but they will *not* run any pre- or post-scripts.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('include', {
+  default: [],
+  type: [Array, 'prod', 'dev', 'optional', 'peer'],
+  description: `
+    Option that allows for defining which types of dependencies to install.
+
+    This is the inverse of \`--omit=<type>\`.
+
+    Dependency types specified in \`--include\` will not be omitted,
+    regardless of the order in which omit/include are specified on the
+    command-line.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    // just call the omit flattener, it reads from obj.include
+    definitions.omit.flatten('omit', obj, flatOptions)
+  },
+})
+
+define('include-staged', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Allow installing "staged" published packages, as defined by [npm RFC PR
+    #92](https://github.com/npm/rfcs/pull/92).
+
+    This is experimental, and not implemented by the npm public registry.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('include-workspace-root', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  envExport: false,
+  description: `
+    Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command.
+
+    When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \`workspace\` config,
+    or all workspaces via the \`workspaces\` flag, will cause npm to operate only
+    on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('init-author-email', {
+  default: '',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    The value \`npm init\` should use by default for the package author's
+    email.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('init-author-name', {
+  default: '',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    The value \`npm init\` should use by default for the package author's name.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('init-author-url', {
+  default: '',
+  type: ['', url],
+  description: `
+    The value \`npm init\` should use by default for the package author's homepage.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('init-license', {
+  default: 'ISC',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    The value \`npm init\` should use by default for the package license.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('init-module', {
+  default: '~/.npm-init.js',
+  type: path,
+  description: `
+    A module that will be loaded by the \`npm init\` command.  See the
+    documentation for the
+    [init-package-json](https://github.com/npm/init-package-json) module for
+    more information, or [npm init](/commands/npm-init).
+  `,
+})
+
+define('init-version', {
+  default: '1.0.0',
+  type: semver,
+  description: `
+    The value that \`npm init\` should use by default for the package
+    version number, if not already set in package.json.
+  `,
+})
+
+// these "aliases" are historically supported in .npmrc files, unfortunately
+// They should be removed in a future npm version.
+define('init.author.email', {
+  default: '',
+  type: String,
+  deprecated: `
+    Use \`--init-author-email\` instead.`,
+  description: `
+    Alias for \`--init-author-email\`
+  `,
+})
+
+define('init.author.name', {
+  default: '',
+  type: String,
+  deprecated: `
+    Use \`--init-author-name\` instead.
+  `,
+  description: `
+    Alias for \`--init-author-name\`
+  `,
+})
+
+define('init.author.url', {
+  default: '',
+  type: ['', url],
+  deprecated: `
+    Use \`--init-author-url\` instead.
+  `,
+  description: `
+    Alias for \`--init-author-url\`
+  `,
+})
+
+define('init.license', {
+  default: 'ISC',
+  type: String,
+  deprecated: `
+    Use \`--init-license\` instead.
+  `,
+  description: `
+    Alias for \`--init-license\`
+  `,
+})
+
+define('init.module', {
+  default: '~/.npm-init.js',
+  type: path,
+  deprecated: `
+    Use \`--init-module\` instead.
+  `,
+  description: `
+    Alias for \`--init-module\`
+  `,
+})
+
+define('init.version', {
+  default: '1.0.0',
+  type: semver,
+  deprecated: `
+    Use \`--init-version\` instead.
+  `,
+  description: `
+    Alias for \`--init-version\`
+  `,
+})
+
+define('install-links', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as
+    regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has
+    no effect on workspaces.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('install-strategy', {
+  default: 'hoisted',
+  type: ['hoisted', 'nested', 'shallow', 'linked'],
+  description: `
+    Sets the strategy for installing packages in node_modules.
+    hoisted (default): Install non-duplicated in top-level, and duplicated as
+      necessary within directory structure.
+    nested: (formerly --legacy-bundling) install in place, no hoisting.
+    shallow (formerly --global-style) only install direct deps at top-level.
+    linked: (experimental) install in node_modules/.store, link in place,
+      unhoisted.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('json', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output.
+
+    * In \`npm pkg set\` it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse()
+    before saving them to your \`package.json\`.
+
+    Not supported by all npm commands.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('key', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, String],
+  description: `
+    A client key to pass when accessing the registry.  Values should be in
+    PEM format with newlines replaced by the string "\\n". For example:
+
+    \`\`\`ini
+    key="-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\\nXXXX\\nXXXX\\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----"
+    \`\`\`
+
+    It is _not_ the path to a key file, though you can set a registry-scoped
+    "keyfile" path like "//other-registry.tld/:keyfile=/path/to/key.pem".
+  `,
+  deprecated: `
+    \`key\` and \`cert\` are no longer used for most registry operations.
+    Use registry scoped \`keyfile\` and \`certfile\` instead.
+    Example:
+    //other-registry.tld/:keyfile=/path/to/key.pem
+    //other-registry.tld/:certfile=/path/to/cert.crt
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('legacy-bundling', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Instead of hoisting package installs in \`node_modules\`, install packages
+    in the same manner that they are depended on. This may cause very deep
+    directory structures and duplicate package installs as there is no
+    de-duplicating.
+    Sets \`--install-strategy=nested\`.
+  `,
+  deprecated: `
+    This option has been deprecated in favor of \`--install-strategy=nested\`
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    if (obj[key]) {
+      obj['install-strategy'] = 'nested'
+      flatOptions.installStrategy = 'nested'
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+define('legacy-peer-deps', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Causes npm to completely ignore \`peerDependencies\` when building a
+    package tree, as in npm versions 3 through 6.
+
+    If a package cannot be installed because of overly strict
+    \`peerDependencies\` that collide, it provides a way to move forward
+    resolving the situation.
+
+    This differs from \`--omit=peer\`, in that \`--omit=peer\` will avoid
+    unpacking \`peerDependencies\` on disk, but will still design a tree such
+    that \`peerDependencies\` _could_ be unpacked in a correct place.
+
+    Use of \`legacy-peer-deps\` is not recommended, as it will not enforce
+    the \`peerDependencies\` contract that meta-dependencies may rely on.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('link', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Used with \`npm ls\`, limiting output to only those packages that are
+    linked.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('local-address', {
+  default: null,
+  type: getLocalAddresses(),
+  typeDescription: 'IP Address',
+  description: `
+    The IP address of the local interface to use when making connections to
+    the npm registry.  Must be IPv4 in versions of Node prior to 0.12.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('location', {
+  default: 'user',
+  short: 'L',
+  type: [
+    'global',
+    'user',
+    'project',
+  ],
+  defaultDescription: `
+    "user" unless \`--global\` is passed, which will also set this value to "global"
+  `,
+  description: `
+    When passed to \`npm config\` this refers to which config file to use.
+
+    When set to "global" mode, packages are installed into the \`prefix\` folder
+    instead of the current working directory. See
+    [folders](/configuring-npm/folders) for more on the differences in behavior.
+
+    * packages are installed into the \`{prefix}/lib/node_modules\` folder,
+      instead of the current working directory.
+    * bin files are linked to \`{prefix}/bin\`
+    * man pages are linked to \`{prefix}/share/man\`
+  `,
+  flatten: (key, obj, flatOptions) => {
+    flatten(key, obj, flatOptions)
+    if (flatOptions.global) {
+      flatOptions.location = 'global'
+    }
+    if (obj.location === 'global') {
+      flatOptions.global = true
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+define('lockfile-version', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, 1, 2, 3, '1', '2', '3'],
+  defaultDescription: `
+    Version 3 if no lockfile, auto-converting v1 lockfiles to v3, otherwise
+    maintain current lockfile version.`,
+  description: `
+    Set the lockfile format version to be used in package-lock.json and
+    npm-shrinkwrap-json files.  Possible options are:
+
+    1: The lockfile version used by npm versions 5 and 6.  Lacks some data that
+    is used during the install, resulting in slower and possibly less
+    deterministic installs.  Prevents lockfile churn when interoperating with
+    older npm versions.
+
+    2: The default lockfile version used by npm version 7 and 8.  Includes both
+    the version 1 lockfile data and version 3 lockfile data, for maximum
+    determinism and interoperability, at the expense of more bytes on disk.
+
+    3: Only the new lockfile information introduced in npm version 7.  Smaller
+    on disk than lockfile version 2, but not interoperable with older npm
+    versions.  Ideal if all users are on npm version 7 and higher.
+  `,
+  flatten: (key, obj, flatOptions) => {
+    flatOptions.lockfileVersion = obj[key] && parseInt(obj[key], 10)
+  },
+})
+
+define('loglevel', {
+  default: 'notice',
+  type: [
+    'silent',
+    'error',
+    'warn',
+    'notice',
+    'http',
+    'info',
+    'verbose',
+    'silly',
+  ],
+  description: `
+    What level of logs to report.  All logs are written to a debug log,
+    with the path to that file printed if the execution of a command fails.
+
+    Any logs of a higher level than the setting are shown. The default is
+    "notice".
+
+    See also the \`foreground-scripts\` config.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.silent = obj[key] === 'silent'
+  },
+})
+
+define('logs-dir', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, path],
+  defaultDescription: `
+    A directory named \`_logs\` inside the cache
+`,
+  description: `
+    The location of npm's log directory.  See [\`npm
+    logging\`](/using-npm/logging) for more information.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('logs-max', {
+  default: 10,
+  type: Number,
+  description: `
+    The maximum number of log files to store.
+
+    If set to 0, no log files will be written for the current run.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('long', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  short: 'l',
+  description: `
+    Show extended information in \`ls\`, \`search\`, and \`help-search\`.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('maxsockets', {
+  default: 15,
+  type: Number,
+  description: `
+    The maximum number of connections to use per origin (protocol/host/port
+    combination).
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.maxSockets = obj[key]
+  },
+})
+
+define('message', {
+  default: '%s',
+  type: String,
+  short: 'm',
+  description: `
+    Commit message which is used by \`npm version\` when creating version commit.
+
+    Any "%s" in the message will be replaced with the version number.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('node-options', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, String],
+  description: `
+    Options to pass through to Node.js via the \`NODE_OPTIONS\` environment
+    variable.  This does not impact how npm itself is executed but it does
+    impact how lifecycle scripts are called.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('noproxy', {
+  default: '',
+  defaultDescription: `
+    The value of the NO_PROXY environment variable
+  `,
+  type: [String, Array],
+  description: `
+    Domain extensions that should bypass any proxies.
+
+    Also accepts a comma-delimited string.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    if (Array.isArray(obj[key])) {
+      flatOptions.noProxy = obj[key].join(',')
+    } else {
+      flatOptions.noProxy = obj[key]
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+define('offline', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Force offline mode: no network requests will be done during install. To allow
+    the CLI to fill in missing cache data, see \`--prefer-offline\`.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('omit', {
+  default: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' ? ['dev'] : [],
+  defaultDescription: `
+    'dev' if the \`NODE_ENV\` environment variable is set to 'production',
+    otherwise empty.
+  `,
+  type: [Array, 'dev', 'optional', 'peer'],
+  description: `
+    Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk.
+
+    Note that these dependencies _are_ still resolved and added to the
+    \`package-lock.json\` or \`npm-shrinkwrap.json\` file.  They are just
+    not physically installed on disk.
+
+    If a package type appears in both the \`--include\` and \`--omit\`
+    lists, then it will be included.
+
+    If the resulting omit list includes \`'dev'\`, then the \`NODE_ENV\`
+    environment variable will be set to \`'production'\` for all lifecycle
+    scripts.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.omit = buildOmitList(obj)
+  },
+})
+
+define('omit-lockfile-registry-resolved', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    This option causes npm to create lock files without a \`resolved\` key for
+    registry dependencies. Subsequent installs will need to resolve tarball
+    endpoints with the configured registry, likely resulting in a longer install
+    time.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('only', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, 'prod', 'production'],
+  deprecated: `
+    Use \`--omit=dev\` to omit dev dependencies from the install.
+  `,
+  description: `
+    When set to \`prod\` or \`production\`, this is an alias for
+    \`--omit=dev\`.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    definitions.omit.flatten('omit', obj, flatOptions)
+  },
+})
+
+define('optional', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, Boolean],
+  deprecated: `
+    Use \`--omit=optional\` to exclude optional dependencies, or
+    \`--include=optional\` to include them.
+
+    Default value does install optional deps unless otherwise omitted.
+  `,
+  description: `
+    Alias for --include=optional or --omit=optional
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    definitions.omit.flatten('omit', obj, flatOptions)
+  },
+})
+
+define('otp', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, String],
+  description: `
+    This is a one-time password from a two-factor authenticator.  It's needed
+    when publishing or changing package permissions with \`npm access\`.
+
+    If not set, and a registry response fails with a challenge for a one-time
+    password, npm will prompt on the command line for one.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatten(key, obj, flatOptions)
+    if (obj.otp) {
+      obj['auth-type'] = 'legacy'
+      flatten('auth-type', obj, flatOptions)
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+define('package', {
+  default: [],
+  hint: '<package-spec>',
+  type: [String, Array],
+  description: `
+    The package or packages to install for [\`npm exec\`](/commands/npm-exec)
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('package-lock', {
+  default: true,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    If set to false, then ignore \`package-lock.json\` files when installing.
+    This will also prevent _writing_ \`package-lock.json\` if \`save\` is
+    true.
+  `,
+  flatten: (key, obj, flatOptions) => {
+    flatten(key, obj, flatOptions)
+    if (flatOptions.packageLockOnly) {
+      flatOptions.packageLock = true
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+define('package-lock-only', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    If set to true, the current operation will only use the \`package-lock.json\`,
+    ignoring \`node_modules\`.
+
+    For \`update\` this means only the \`package-lock.json\` will be updated,
+    instead of checking \`node_modules\` and downloading dependencies.
+
+    For \`list\` this means the output will be based on the tree described by the
+    \`package-lock.json\`, rather than the contents of \`node_modules\`.
+  `,
+  flatten: (key, obj, flatOptions) => {
+    flatten(key, obj, flatOptions)
+    if (flatOptions.packageLockOnly) {
+      flatOptions.packageLock = true
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+define('pack-destination', {
+  default: '.',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    Directory in which \`npm pack\` will save tarballs.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('parseable', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  short: 'p',
+  description: `
+    Output parseable results from commands that write to standard output. For
+    \`npm search\`, this will be tab-separated table format.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('prefer-dedupe', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Prefer to deduplicate packages if possible, rather than
+    choosing a newer version of a dependency.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('prefer-offline', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    If true, staleness checks for cached data will be bypassed, but missing
+    data will be requested from the server. To force full offline mode, use
+    \`--offline\`.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('prefer-online', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    If true, staleness checks for cached data will be forced, making the CLI
+    look for updates immediately even for fresh package data.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+// `prefix` has its default defined outside of this module
+define('prefix', {
+  type: path,
+  short: 'C',
+  default: '',
+  defaultDescription: `
+    In global mode, the folder where the node executable is installed.
+    Otherwise, the nearest parent folder containing either a package.json
+    file or a node_modules folder.
+  `,
+  description: `
+    The location to install global items.  If set on the command line, then
+    it forces non-global commands to run in the specified folder.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('preid', {
+  default: '',
+  hint: 'prerelease-id',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    The "prerelease identifier" to use as a prefix for the "prerelease" part
+    of a semver. Like the \`rc\` in \`1.2.0-rc.8\`.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('production', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, Boolean],
+  deprecated: 'Use `--omit=dev` instead.',
+  description: 'Alias for `--omit=dev`',
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    definitions.omit.flatten('omit', obj, flatOptions)
+  },
+})
+
+define('progress', {
+  default: !ciInfo.isCI,
+  defaultDescription: `
+    \`true\` unless running in a known CI system
+  `,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    When set to \`true\`, npm will display a progress bar during time
+    intensive operations, if \`process.stderr\` is a TTY.
+
+    Set to \`false\` to suppress the progress bar.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.progress = !obj.progress ? false
+      : !!process.stderr.isTTY && process.env.TERM !== 'dumb'
+  },
+})
+
+define('provenance', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  exclusive: ['provenance-file'],
+  description: `
+    When publishing from a supported cloud CI/CD system, the package will be
+    publicly linked to where it was built and published from.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('provenance-file', {
+  default: null,
+  type: path,
+  hint: '<file>',
+  exclusive: ['provenance'],
+  description: `
+    When publishing, the provenance bundle at the given path will be used.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('proxy', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, false, url], // allow proxy to be disabled explicitly
+  description: `
+    A proxy to use for outgoing http requests. If the \`HTTP_PROXY\` or
+    \`http_proxy\` environment variables are set, proxy settings will be
+    honored by the underlying \`request\` library.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('read-only', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    This is used to mark a token as unable to publish when configuring
+    limited access tokens with the \`npm token create\` command.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('rebuild-bundle', {
+  default: true,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Rebuild bundled dependencies after installation.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('registry', {
+  default: 'https://registry.npmjs.org/',
+  type: url,
+  description: `
+    The base URL of the npm registry.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('replace-registry-host', {
+  default: 'npmjs',
+  hint: '<npmjs|never|always> | hostname',
+  type: ['npmjs', 'never', 'always', String],
+  description: `
+    Defines behavior for replacing the registry host in a lockfile with the
+    configured registry.
+
+    The default behavior is to replace package dist URLs from the default
+    registry (https://registry.npmjs.org) to the configured registry. If set to
+    "never", then use the registry value. If set to "always", then replace the
+    registry host with the configured host every time.
+
+    You may also specify a bare hostname (e.g., "registry.npmjs.org").
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('save', {
+  default: true,
+  defaultDescription: `\`true\` unless when using \`npm update\` where it
+  defaults to \`false\``,
+  usage: '-S|--save|--no-save|--save-prod|--save-dev|--save-optional|--save-peer|--save-bundle',
+  type: Boolean,
+  short: 'S',
+  description: `
+    Save installed packages to a \`package.json\` file as dependencies.
+
+    When used with the \`npm rm\` command, removes the dependency from
+    \`package.json\`.
+
+    Will also prevent writing to \`package-lock.json\` if set to \`false\`.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('save-bundle', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  short: 'B',
+  description: `
+    If a package would be saved at install time by the use of \`--save\`,
+    \`--save-dev\`, or \`--save-optional\`, then also put it in the
+    \`bundleDependencies\` list.
+
+    Ignored if \`--save-peer\` is set, since peerDependencies cannot be bundled.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    // XXX update arborist to just ignore it if resulting saveType is peer
+    // otherwise this won't have the expected effect:
+    //
+    // npm config set save-peer true
+    // npm i foo --save-bundle --save-prod <-- should bundle
+    flatOptions.saveBundle = obj['save-bundle'] && !obj['save-peer']
+  },
+})
+
+// XXX: We should really deprecate all these `--save-blah` switches
+// in favor of a single `--save-type` option.  The unfortunate shortcut
+// we took for `--save-peer --save-optional` being `--save-type=peerOptional`
+// makes this tricky, and likely a breaking change.
+
+define('save-dev', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  short: 'D',
+  description: `
+    Save installed packages to a package.json file as \`devDependencies\`.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    if (!obj[key]) {
+      if (flatOptions.saveType === 'dev') {
+        delete flatOptions.saveType
+      }
+      return
+    }
+
+    flatOptions.saveType = 'dev'
+  },
+})
+
+define('save-exact', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  short: 'E',
+  description: `
+    Dependencies saved to package.json will be configured with an exact
+    version rather than using npm's default semver range operator.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    // just call the save-prefix flattener, it reads from obj['save-exact']
+    definitions['save-prefix'].flatten('save-prefix', obj, flatOptions)
+  },
+})
+
+define('save-optional', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  short: 'O',
+  description: `
+    Save installed packages to a package.json file as
+    \`optionalDependencies\`.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    if (!obj[key]) {
+      if (flatOptions.saveType === 'optional') {
+        delete flatOptions.saveType
+      } else if (flatOptions.saveType === 'peerOptional') {
+        flatOptions.saveType = 'peer'
+      }
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (flatOptions.saveType === 'peerOptional') {
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (flatOptions.saveType === 'peer') {
+      flatOptions.saveType = 'peerOptional'
+    } else {
+      flatOptions.saveType = 'optional'
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+define('save-peer', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Save installed packages to a package.json file as \`peerDependencies\`
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    if (!obj[key]) {
+      if (flatOptions.saveType === 'peer') {
+        delete flatOptions.saveType
+      } else if (flatOptions.saveType === 'peerOptional') {
+        flatOptions.saveType = 'optional'
+      }
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (flatOptions.saveType === 'peerOptional') {
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (flatOptions.saveType === 'optional') {
+      flatOptions.saveType = 'peerOptional'
+    } else {
+      flatOptions.saveType = 'peer'
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+define('save-prefix', {
+  default: '^',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    Configure how versions of packages installed to a package.json file via
+    \`--save\` or \`--save-dev\` get prefixed.
+
+    For example if a package has version \`1.2.3\`, by default its version is
+    set to \`^1.2.3\` which allows minor upgrades for that package, but after
+    \`npm config set save-prefix='~'\` it would be set to \`~1.2.3\` which
+    only allows patch upgrades.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.savePrefix = obj['save-exact'] ? '' : obj['save-prefix']
+    obj['save-prefix'] = flatOptions.savePrefix
+  },
+})
+
+define('save-prod', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  short: 'P',
+  description: `
+    Save installed packages into \`dependencies\` specifically. This is
+    useful if a package already exists in \`devDependencies\` or
+    \`optionalDependencies\`, but you want to move it to be a non-optional
+    production dependency.
+
+    This is the default behavior if \`--save\` is true, and neither
+    \`--save-dev\` or \`--save-optional\` are true.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    if (!obj[key]) {
+      if (flatOptions.saveType === 'prod') {
+        delete flatOptions.saveType
+      }
+      return
+    }
+
+    flatOptions.saveType = 'prod'
+  },
+})
+
+define('scope', {
+  default: '',
+  defaultDescription: `
+    the scope of the current project, if any, or ""
+  `,
+  type: String,
+  hint: '<@scope>',
+  description: `
+    Associate an operation with a scope for a scoped registry.
+
+    Useful when logging in to or out of a private registry:
+
+    \`\`\`
+    # log in, linking the scope to the custom registry
+    npm login --scope=@mycorp --registry=https://registry.mycorp.com
+
+    # log out, removing the link and the auth token
+    npm logout --scope=@mycorp
+    \`\`\`
+
+    This will cause \`@mycorp\` to be mapped to the registry for future
+    installation of packages specified according to the pattern
+    \`@mycorp/package\`.
+
+    This will also cause \`npm init\` to create a scoped package.
+
+    \`\`\`
+    # accept all defaults, and create a package named "@foo/whatever",
+    # instead of just named "whatever"
+    npm init --scope=@foo --yes
+    \`\`\`
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    const value = obj[key]
+    const scope = value && !/^@/.test(value) ? `@${value}` : value
+    flatOptions.scope = scope
+    // projectScope is kept for compatibility with npm-registry-fetch
+    flatOptions.projectScope = scope
+  },
+})
+
+define('script-shell', {
+  default: null,
+  defaultDescription: `
+    '/bin/sh' on POSIX systems, 'cmd.exe' on Windows
+  `,
+  type: [null, String],
+  description: `
+    The shell to use for scripts run with the \`npm exec\`,
+    \`npm run\` and \`npm init <package-spec>\` commands.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.scriptShell = obj[key] || undefined
+  },
+})
+
+define('searchexclude', {
+  default: '',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    Space-separated options that limit the results from search.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.search = flatOptions.search || { limit: 20 }
+    flatOptions.search.exclude = obj[key].toLowerCase()
+  },
+})
+
+define('searchlimit', {
+  default: 20,
+  type: Number,
+  description: `
+    Number of items to limit search results to. Will not apply at all to
+    legacy searches.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.search = flatOptions.search || {}
+    flatOptions.search.limit = obj[key]
+  },
+})
+
+define('searchopts', {
+  default: '',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    Space-separated options that are always passed to search.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.search = flatOptions.search || { limit: 20 }
+    flatOptions.search.opts = querystring.parse(obj[key])
+  },
+})
+
+define('searchstaleness', {
+  default: 15 * 60,
+  type: Number,
+  description: `
+    The age of the cache, in seconds, before another registry request is made
+    if using legacy search endpoint.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.search = flatOptions.search || { limit: 20 }
+    flatOptions.search.staleness = obj[key]
+  },
+})
+
+define('shell', {
+  default: shell,
+  defaultDescription: `
+    SHELL environment variable, or "bash" on Posix, or "cmd.exe" on Windows
+  `,
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    The shell to run for the \`npm explore\` command.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('shrinkwrap', {
+  default: true,
+  type: Boolean,
+  deprecated: `
+    Use the --package-lock setting instead.
+  `,
+  description: `
+    Alias for --package-lock
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    obj['package-lock'] = obj.shrinkwrap
+    definitions['package-lock'].flatten('package-lock', obj, flatOptions)
+  },
+})
+
+define('sign-git-commit', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    If set to true, then the \`npm version\` command will commit the new
+    package version using \`-S\` to add a signature.
+
+    Note that git requires you to have set up GPG keys in your git configs
+    for this to work properly.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('sign-git-tag', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    If set to true, then the \`npm version\` command will tag the version
+    using \`-s\` to add a signature.
+
+    Note that git requires you to have set up GPG keys in your git configs
+    for this to work properly.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('strict-peer-deps', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    If set to \`true\`, and \`--legacy-peer-deps\` is not set, then _any_
+    conflicting \`peerDependencies\` will be treated as an install failure,
+    even if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate resolution based on
+    non-peer dependency relationships.
+
+    By default, conflicting \`peerDependencies\` deep in the dependency graph
+    will be resolved using the nearest non-peer dependency specification,
+    even if doing so will result in some packages receiving a peer dependency
+    outside the range set in their package's \`peerDependencies\` object.
+
+    When such an override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the
+    conflict and the packages involved.  If \`--strict-peer-deps\` is set,
+    then this warning is treated as a failure.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('strict-ssl', {
+  default: true,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Whether or not to do SSL key validation when making requests to the
+    registry via https.
+
+    See also the \`ca\` config.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.strictSSL = obj[key]
+  },
+})
+
+define('tag', {
+  default: 'latest',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    If you ask npm to install a package and don't tell it a specific version,
+    then it will install the specified tag.
+
+    Also the tag that is added to the package@version specified by the \`npm
+    tag\` command, if no explicit tag is given.
+
+    When used by the \`npm diff\` command, this is the tag used to fetch the
+    tarball that will be compared with the local files by default.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    flatOptions.defaultTag = obj[key]
+  },
+})
+
+define('tag-version-prefix', {
+  default: 'v',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    If set, alters the prefix used when tagging a new version when performing
+    a version increment using  \`npm version\`. To remove the prefix
+    altogether, set it to the empty string: \`""\`.
+
+    Because other tools may rely on the convention that npm version tags look
+    like \`v1.0.0\`, _only use this property if it is absolutely necessary_.
+    In particular, use care when overriding this setting for public packages.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('timing', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    If true, writes timing information to a process specific json file in
+    the cache or \`logs-dir\`. The file name ends with \`-timing.json\`.
+
+    You can quickly view it with this [json](https://npm.im/json) command
+    line: \`cat ~/.npm/_logs/*-timing.json | npm exec -- json -g\`.
+
+    Timing information will also be reported in the terminal. To suppress this
+    while still writing the timing file, use \`--silent\`.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('tmp', {
+  default: tmpdir(),
+  defaultDescription: `
+    The value returned by the Node.js \`os.tmpdir()\` method
+    <https://nodejs.org/api/os.html#os_os_tmpdir>
+  `,
+  type: path,
+  deprecated: `
+    This setting is no longer used.  npm stores temporary files in a special
+    location in the cache, and they are managed by
+    [\`cacache\`](http://npm.im/cacache).
+  `,
+  description: `
+    Historically, the location where temporary files were stored.  No longer
+    relevant.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('umask', {
+  default: 0,
+  type: Umask,
+  description: `
+    The "umask" value to use when setting the file creation mode on files and
+    folders.
+
+    Folders and executables are given a mode which is \`0o777\` masked
+    against this value.  Other files are given a mode which is \`0o666\`
+    masked against this value.
+
+    Note that the underlying system will _also_ apply its own umask value to
+    files and folders that are created, and npm does not circumvent this, but
+    rather adds the \`--umask\` config to it.
+
+    Thus, the effective default umask value on most POSIX systems is 0o22,
+    meaning that folders and executables are created with a mode of 0o755 and
+    other files are created with a mode of 0o644.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('unicode', {
+  default: unicode,
+  defaultDescription: `
+    false on windows, true on mac/unix systems with a unicode locale, as
+    defined by the \`LC_ALL\`, \`LC_CTYPE\`, or \`LANG\` environment variables.
+  `,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    When set to true, npm uses unicode characters in the tree output.  When
+    false, it uses ascii characters instead of unicode glyphs.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('update-notifier', {
+  default: true,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    Set to false to suppress the update notification when using an older
+    version of npm than the latest.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('usage', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  short: ['?', 'H', 'h'],
+  description: `
+    Show short usage output about the command specified.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('user-agent', {
+  default: 'npm/{npm-version} ' +
+           'node/{node-version} ' +
+           '{platform} ' +
+           '{arch} ' +
+           'workspaces/{workspaces} ' +
+           '{ci}',
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    Sets the User-Agent request header.  The following fields are replaced
+    with their actual counterparts:
+
+    * \`{npm-version}\` - The npm version in use
+    * \`{node-version}\` - The Node.js version in use
+    * \`{platform}\` - The value of \`process.platform\`
+    * \`{arch}\` - The value of \`process.arch\`
+    * \`{workspaces}\` - Set to \`true\` if the \`workspaces\` or \`workspace\`
+      options are set.
+    * \`{ci}\` - The value of the \`ci-name\` config, if set, prefixed with
+      \`ci/\`, or an empty string if \`ci-name\` is empty.
+  `,
+  flatten (key, obj, flatOptions) {
+    const value = obj[key]
+    const ciName = obj['ci-name']
+    let inWorkspaces = false
+    if (obj.workspaces || obj.workspace && obj.workspace.length) {
+      inWorkspaces = true
+    }
+    flatOptions.userAgent =
+      value.replace(/\{node-version\}/gi, process.version)
+        .replace(/\{npm-version\}/gi, obj['npm-version'])
+        .replace(/\{platform\}/gi, process.platform)
+        .replace(/\{arch\}/gi, process.arch)
+        .replace(/\{workspaces\}/gi, inWorkspaces)
+        .replace(/\{ci\}/gi, ciName ? `ci/${ciName}` : '')
+        .trim()
+
+    // We can't clobber the original or else subsequent flattening will fail
+    // (i.e. when we change the underlying config values)
+    // obj[key] = flatOptions.userAgent
+
+    // user-agent is a unique kind of config item that gets set from a template
+    // and ends up translated.  Because of this, the normal "should we set this
+    // to process.env also doesn't work
+    process.env.npm_config_user_agent = flatOptions.userAgent
+  },
+})
+
+define('userconfig', {
+  default: '~/.npmrc',
+  type: path,
+  description: `
+    The location of user-level configuration settings.
+
+    This may be overridden by the \`npm_config_userconfig\` environment
+    variable or the \`--userconfig\` command line option, but may _not_
+    be overridden by settings in the \`globalconfig\` file.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('version', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  short: 'v',
+  description: `
+    If true, output the npm version and exit successfully.
+
+    Only relevant when specified explicitly on the command line.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('versions', {
+  default: false,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    If true, output the npm version as well as node's \`process.versions\`
+    map and the version in the current working directory's \`package.json\`
+    file if one exists, and exit successfully.
+
+    Only relevant when specified explicitly on the command line.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('viewer', {
+  default: isWindows ? 'browser' : 'man',
+  defaultDescription: `
+    "man" on Posix, "browser" on Windows
+  `,
+  type: String,
+  description: `
+    The program to use to view help content.
+
+    Set to \`"browser"\` to view html help content in the default web browser.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('which', {
+  default: null,
+  hint: '<fundingSourceNumber>',
+  type: [null, Number],
+  description: `
+    If there are multiple funding sources, which 1-indexed source URL to open.
+  `,
+})
+
+define('workspace', {
+  default: [],
+  type: [String, Array],
+  hint: '<workspace-name>',
+  short: 'w',
+  envExport: false,
+  description: `
+    Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the
+    current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by
+    this configuration option.
+
+    Valid values for the \`workspace\` config are either:
+
+    * Workspace names
+    * Path to a workspace directory
+    * Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all
+      workspaces within that folder)
+
+    When set for the \`npm init\` command, this may be set to the folder of
+    a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it
+    up as a brand new workspace within the project.
+  `,
+  flatten: (key, obj, flatOptions) => {
+    definitions['user-agent'].flatten('user-agent', obj, flatOptions)
+  },
+})
+
+define('workspaces', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, Boolean],
+  short: 'ws',
+  envExport: false,
+  description: `
+    Set to true to run the command in the context of **all** configured
+    workspaces.
+
+    Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \`install\` to
+    ignore workspaces altogether.
+    When not set explicitly:
+
+    - Commands that operate on the \`node_modules\` tree (install, update,
+      etc.) will link workspaces into the \`node_modules\` folder.
+    - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate
+      on the root project, _unless_ one or more workspaces are specified in
+      the \`workspace\` config.
+  `,
+  flatten: (key, obj, flatOptions) => {
+    definitions['user-agent'].flatten('user-agent', obj, flatOptions)
+
+    // TODO: this is a derived value, and should be reworked when we have a
+    // pattern for derived value
+
+    // workspacesEnabled is true whether workspaces is null or true
+    // commands contextually work with workspaces or not regardless of
+    // configuration, so we need an option specifically to disable workspaces
+    flatOptions.workspacesEnabled = obj[key] !== false
+  },
+})
+
+define('workspaces-update', {
+  default: true,
+  type: Boolean,
+  description: `
+    If set to true, the npm cli will run an update after operations that may
+    possibly change the workspaces installed to the \`node_modules\` folder.
+  `,
+  flatten,
+})
+
+define('yes', {
+  default: null,
+  type: [null, Boolean],
+  short: 'y',
+  description: `
+    Automatically answer "yes" to any prompts that npm might print on
+    the command line.
+  `,
+})