@novacraft-engineering/mailbox 0.4.5 → 0.4.18

package/lib/mailbox.ts

@@ -23,6 +23,13 @@ export type InboundEmail = {
   from: string
   to: string[]
   cc: string[]
+  /** Written to, copied in, or neither — from the holding mailbox's point of view. */
+  addressed?: Addressed
+  /** What the spam, virus and sender-authentication checks said. */
+  risk?: Risk
+  riskReasons?: string[]
+  /** Held out of the inbox entirely, rather than only labelled. */
+  spam?: boolean
   bcc: string[]
   replyTo: string[]
   subject: string
@@ -63,7 +70,7 @@ const MAX_EVENTS = 150
 /** SQLite/libSQL once it is configured, D1 until then, so the switch needs no redeploy dance. */
 const tursoConfigured = () => Boolean(process.env.DATABASE_URL ?? process.env.TURSO_DATABASE_URL)
 
-function db() {
+export function db() {
   return tursoConfigured() ? turso() : d1()
 }
 
@@ -285,11 +292,42 @@ export function ensureMailSchema(): Promise<void> {
         // Folder counts walk the whole mailbox index and Turso meters every entry; an
         // in-memory cache dies with the instance, and instances churn under polling. One
         // row here outlives them all.
+        // What this mailbox has learned about a correspondent by handling their mail.
+        // Judgement comes from here first and from fixed rules second, so the same sender
+        // can be trusted in one mailbox and refused in another.
+        `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS mail_sender_reputation (
+          owner TEXT NOT NULL,
+          domain TEXT NOT NULL,
+          received INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+          trashed INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+          marked_spam INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+          replied INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+          first_seen TEXT,
+          last_seen TEXT,
+          PRIMARY KEY (owner, domain)
+        )`,
         `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS mail_counts_cache (
           owner TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
           computed_at TEXT NOT NULL,
           counts TEXT NOT NULL
         )`,
+        // Sending later is ours to keep, not the provider's. SES has no notion of it and
+        // dropped the instruction silently; Brevo refuses outright; a Resend-shaped host
+        // may or may not honour it. Parking the prepared message here means the delay
+        // behaves the same whoever carries the mail in the end.
+        `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS mail_scheduled (
+          id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+          owner TEXT NOT NULL,
+          send_after TEXT NOT NULL,
+          status TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'pending',
+          payload TEXT NOT NULL,
+          attempts INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+          last_error TEXT,
+          sent_id TEXT,
+          created_at TEXT NOT NULL
+        )`,
+        `CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS mail_scheduled_due_idx ON mail_scheduled (status, send_after)`,
+        `CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS mail_scheduled_owner_idx ON mail_scheduled (lower(owner), send_after)`,
         // Full-text search belongs in the database, not the browser. The client used to
         // pull the mailbox down and filter it in JS, which cannot hold once the archive
         // runs to six figures.
@@ -342,6 +380,23 @@ export function ensureMailSchema(): Promise<void> {
       // allowed to fail: the second time round the column is already there.
       await sqlRaw('ALTER TABLE mail_accounts ADD COLUMN password_is_default INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0')
         .catch(() => {})
+      // Whether the mailbox was actually written to, or only copied. Stored rather than
+      // worked out per query: matching an address inside the cc JSON means a scan, and a
+      // mailbox here holds six figures of mail.
+      await sqlRaw("ALTER TABLE mail_inbox ADD COLUMN addressed TEXT").catch(() => {})
+      // What the scanners and the sender's own domain said about this message.
+      await sqlRaw("ALTER TABLE mail_inbox ADD COLUMN risk TEXT").catch(() => {})
+      // High-confidence spam is held out of the inbox rather than merely labelled.
+      await sqlRaw("ALTER TABLE mail_inbox ADD COLUMN spam INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0").catch(() => {})
+      await sqlRaw("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS mail_inbox_spam_idx ON mail_inbox (lower(owner), spam, received_at DESC)").catch(() => {})
+      await sqlRaw("ALTER TABLE mail_inbox ADD COLUMN risk_reasons TEXT").catch(() => {})
+      // The row in the list follows its newest message, so the conversation carries it too.
+      await sqlRaw("ALTER TABLE mail_threads ADD COLUMN addressed TEXT").catch(() => {})
+      // Worst verdict in the conversation, so a warning cannot hide behind a later reply.
+      await sqlRaw("ALTER TABLE mail_threads ADD COLUMN risk TEXT").catch(() => {})
+      await sqlRaw("ALTER TABLE mail_threads ADD COLUMN spam_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0").catch(() => {})
+      await sqlRaw('CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS mail_inbox_addressed_idx ON mail_inbox (lower(owner), addressed, received_at DESC)')
+        .catch(() => {})
       // Where a reset link goes when the account's own mailbox is the thing locked.
       await sqlRaw('ALTER TABLE mail_accounts ADD COLUMN recovery_email TEXT').catch(() => {})
       await sqlRaw('ALTER TABLE mail_accounts ADD COLUMN recovery_verified INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0').catch(() => {})
@@ -402,12 +457,255 @@ export function ensureMailSchema(): Promise<void> {
 }
 
 // ── Inbox ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export type SenderStanding = {
+  received: number
+  trashed: number
+  markedSpam: number
+  replied: number
+  firstSeen: string | null
+}
+
+/** What this mailbox has done with this sender's domain before. */
+export async function senderStanding(owner: string | null, domain: string): Promise<SenderStanding> {
+  const empty = { received: 0, trashed: 0, markedSpam: 0, replied: 0, firstSeen: null }
+  if (!owner || !domain) return empty
+  await ensureMailSchema()
+  const rows = await db()`
+    SELECT received, trashed, marked_spam, replied, first_seen FROM mail_sender_reputation
+    WHERE owner = ${owner.toLowerCase()} AND domain = ${domain.toLowerCase()}`
+  const row = rows[0]
+  if (!row) return empty
+  return {
+    received: Number(row.received ?? 0),
+    trashed: Number(row.trashed ?? 0),
+    markedSpam: Number(row.marked_spam ?? 0),
+    replied: Number(row.replied ?? 0),
+    firstSeen: row.first_seen == null ? null : String(row.first_seen),
+  }
+}
+
+/** Records one more thing this mailbox did with a sender. Every judgement feeds the next. */
+export async function noteSender(
+  owner: string | null,
+  domain: string,
+  what: 'received' | 'trashed' | 'marked_spam' | 'replied',
+): Promise<void> {
+  if (!owner || !domain) return
+  await ensureMailSchema()
+  const now = nowIso()
+  const sql = db()
+  await sql`
+    INSERT INTO mail_sender_reputation (owner, domain, received, trashed, marked_spam, replied, first_seen, last_seen)
+    VALUES (${owner.toLowerCase()}, ${domain.toLowerCase()},
+      ${what === 'received' ? 1 : 0}, ${what === 'trashed' ? 1 : 0},
+      ${what === 'marked_spam' ? 1 : 0}, ${what === 'replied' ? 1 : 0}, ${now}, ${now})
+    ON CONFLICT (owner, domain) DO UPDATE SET
+      received = mail_sender_reputation.received + ${what === 'received' ? 1 : 0},
+      trashed = mail_sender_reputation.trashed + ${what === 'trashed' ? 1 : 0},
+      marked_spam = mail_sender_reputation.marked_spam + ${what === 'marked_spam' ? 1 : 0},
+      replied = mail_sender_reputation.replied + ${what === 'replied' ? 1 : 0},
+      last_seen = ${now}`
+}
+
+/** What the scanners and the sender's own domain said. */
+export type Risk = 'clean' | 'suspicious' | 'spam' | 'virus'
+
+export type RiskSignals = {
+  spam?: string | null
+  virus?: string | null
+  spf?: string | null
+  dkim?: string | null
+  dmarc?: string | null
+  /** The message itself, for the tells authentication cannot see. */
+  from?: string | null
+  replyTo?: string[] | null
+  subject?: string | null
+  text?: string | null
+}
+
+/** Defaults only. Each is overridable per deployment, so a list can change without a
+ *  release — metroperil can drop a word its own trade uses every day. */
+const FREE_MAIL_DEFAULT = new Set([
+  'gmail.com', 'googlemail.com', 'yahoo.com', 'ymail.com', 'hotmail.com', 'outlook.com',
+  'live.com', 'aol.com', 'protonmail.com', 'proton.me', 'mail.com', 'gmx.com', 'yandex.com',
+  'icloud.com', 'zoho.com', 'inbox.lv', 'consultant.com', 'qq.com', '163.com',
+])
+
+const THROWAWAY_TLDS_DEFAULT = new Set([
+  'xyz', 'top', 'buzz', 'click', 'link', 'work', 'gq', 'cf', 'ml', 'tk', 'ga',
+  'loan', 'men', 'date', 'racing', 'win', 'stream', 'download', 'review', 'country', 'kim',
+])
+
+/** The shape of an advance-fee approach. Counted, never single-word: one alone is innocent. */
+const SCAM_PHRASES_DEFAULT = [
+  'next of kin', 'sole beneficiary', 'beneficiary', 'late client', 'deceased client',
+  'unclaimed', 'inheritance', 'died without', 'without a will', 'fund transfer',
+  'business proposal', 'strictly confidential', 'bank draft', 'consignment',
+  'compensation fund', 'lottery', 'winning notification', 'atm card', 'western union',
+]
+
+/** The registrable domain behind an address, for reputation to be keyed on. */
+export const senderDomainOf = (address: string): string => registrable(domainOf(address))
+
+const domainOf = (address: string): string => {
+  const angled = address.match(/<([^>]+)>/)
+  const bare = (angled ? angled[1] : address).trim().toLowerCase()
+  return bare.split('@').pop() ?? ''
+}
+
+/** example.co.uk and example.com both reduce to the name somebody actually registered. */
+const registrable = (host: string): string => {
+  const parts = host.split('.').filter(Boolean)
+  if (parts.length <= 2) return parts.join('.')
+  const twoLevel = /^(co|com|org|net|gov|ac|edu|ltd|plc)\.[a-z]{2}$/.test(parts.slice(-2).join('.'))
+  return parts.slice(twoLevel ? -3 : -2).join('.')
+}
+
+const failed = (verdict: string | null | undefined): boolean =>
+  typeof verdict === 'string' && /^(fail|softfail|permerror)$/i.test(verdict.trim())
+
+const listFrom = (raw: string | undefined, fallback: Iterable<string>): Set<string> => {
+  const parsed = (raw ?? '').split(',').map(entry => entry.trim().toLowerCase()).filter(Boolean)
+  return parsed.length ? new Set(parsed) : new Set(fallback)
+}
+
+// Read per call, so a deployment can change any of them without a release.
+const freeProviders = () => listFrom(process.env.MAIL_FREE_PROVIDERS, FREE_MAIL_DEFAULT)
+const throwawayTlds = () => listFrom(process.env.MAIL_THROWAWAY_TLDS, THROWAWAY_TLDS_DEFAULT)
+const scamPhrases = () => [...listFrom(process.env.MAIL_SCAM_PHRASES, SCAM_PHRASES_DEFAULT)]
+
+/** Weight at which a message stops being labelled and is held out of the inbox instead. */
+const quarantineAt = () => Number(process.env.MAIL_SPAM_THRESHOLD ?? 6)
+
+/** Below this nothing is said at all. One small oddity is not a case. */
+const flagAt = () => Number(process.env.MAIL_SUSPICION_THRESHOLD ?? 3)
+
+export type RiskJudgement = { risk: Risk; reasons: string[]; score: number; quarantine: boolean }
+
+/**
+ * What this mailbox knows, then what is true of the message. The standing a sender has
+ * built here leads: somebody you have written back to is not spam because their subject
+ * shouts, and somebody whose mail you have binned repeatedly does not get the benefit of
+ * the doubt again. The fixed rules only decide the cases with no history to go on, and
+ * every one of their lists can be changed per deployment without a release.
+ */
+export function judgeMessage(signals: RiskSignals, standing: SenderStanding): RiskJudgement {
+  const reasons: string[] = []
+  let score = 0
+  const add = (weight: number, why: string) => { score += weight; reasons.push(why) }
+
+  if (/^fail$/i.test((signals.virus ?? '').trim())) {
+    return { risk: 'virus', reasons: ['A virus scan failed on this message'], score: 100, quarantine: true }
+  }
+
+  // Trust is earned by being written back to, never by volume alone: a sender whose mail
+  // arrives forty times and is binned every time has not earned anything.
+  const trusted = standing.replied > 0 && standing.markedSpam === 0
+  if (standing.markedSpam > 0) {
+    add(4 + Math.min(standing.markedSpam, 4),
+      `You marked ${standing.markedSpam} earlier message${standing.markedSpam === 1 ? '' : 's'} from this sender as spam`)
+  } else if (standing.trashed >= 3 && standing.replied === 0) {
+    add(3, `You have deleted ${standing.trashed} messages from this sender without ever replying`)
+  }
+
+  if (/^fail$/i.test((signals.spam ?? '').trim())) add(4, 'The provider\u2019s spam filter flagged this message')
+
+  const authenticated = /^pass$/i.test((signals.dmarc ?? '').trim())
+  // Heavy, but not enough on its own to hide a message: mail forwarded through a list
+  // breaks alignment and fails DMARC while being perfectly legitimate. It warns loudly;
+  // it takes a second finding to put a message out of sight.
+  if (failed(signals.dmarc)) add(4, 'The sending domain says this message is not from them (DMARC failed)')
+  else if (!authenticated) {
+    if (failed(signals.spf)) add(2, 'The sending server is not authorised by that domain (SPF failed)')
+    if (failed(signals.dkim)) add(2, 'The signature does not match the sending domain (DKIM failed)')
+  }
+
+  const fromDomain = registrable(domainOf(signals.from ?? ''))
+  const replyDomains = (signals.replyTo ?? [])
+    .map(entry => registrable(domainOf(entry)))
+    .filter(entry => entry && entry !== fromDomain)
+  const free = freeProviders()
+  const freeReply = replyDomains.find(entry => free.has(entry))
+  if (freeReply && fromDomain && !free.has(fromDomain)) {
+    add(4, `Replies to this message go to ${freeReply}, not to ${fromDomain}`)
+  } else if (replyDomains.length) {
+    add(1, `Replies go to ${replyDomains[0]} rather than ${fromDomain || 'the sender'}`)
+  }
+
+  const tld = fromDomain.split('.').pop() ?? ''
+  if (throwawayTlds().has(tld)) add(2, `The sender\u2019s domain ends in .${tld}, which is cheap to register and often disposable`)
+  if (/^\d{4,}$/.test(fromDomain.split('.')[0] ?? '')) add(2, 'The sender\u2019s domain name is just a string of digits')
+
+  const subject = (signals.subject ?? '').trim()
+  const letters = subject.replace(/[^A-Za-z]/g, '')
+  if (letters.length >= 12 && letters === letters.toUpperCase()) add(1, 'The subject is written entirely in capitals')
+
+  const body = (signals.text ?? '').toLowerCase()
+  const hits = scamPhrases().filter(phrase => body.includes(phrase))
+  if (hits.length >= 2) add(3, `The wording follows a known advance-fee approach (${hits.slice(0, 3).join(', ')})`)
+  else if (hits.length === 1) add(1, `Wording associated with advance-fee mail (${hits[0]})`)
+
+  // Never heard from before is not suspicious by itself — everyone writes once for the
+  // first time — but it is what turns a couple of small oddities into a pattern.
+  if (!trusted && standing.received <= 1 && score > 0) add(1, 'This is the first message from this sender')
+
+  // Someone this mailbox corresponds with is forgiven the small stuff; only findings heavy
+  // enough to stand on their own still count against them.
+  const limit = quarantineAt()
+  if (trusted && score < limit) return { risk: 'clean', reasons: [], score: 0, quarantine: false }
+
+  // One small oddity is not a case to answer. A subject in capitals from somebody writing
+  // for the first time is a stranger in a hurry, not a scam, and saying otherwise every
+  // time teaches the reader to ignore the warning.
+  if (score < flagAt()) return { risk: 'clean', reasons: [], score, quarantine: false }
+
+  const quarantine = score >= limit
+  return { risk: quarantine ? 'spam' : 'suspicious', reasons, score, quarantine }
+}
+
+
+/** How the mailbox came to hold a message, from that mailbox's own point of view. */
+export type Addressed = 'direct' | 'copied' | 'other'
+
+const bare = (raw: string): string => {
+  const angled = raw.match(/<([^>]+)>/)
+  return (angled ? angled[1] : raw).trim().toLowerCase()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Written to, copied in, or neither. The third case is real and common — a blind copy, a
+ * distribution list, an alias, or mail caught by the shared address — and calling it a
+ * copy would be a guess dressed as a fact, so it gets its own answer.
+ *
+ * Judged against the mailbox that holds the message, never the person reading it: an
+ * administrator reading everyone's mail must not be told they were copied on someone
+ * else's.
+ */
+export function classifyAddressed(
+  owner: string | null | undefined,
+  to: string[],
+  cc: string[],
+): Addressed {
+  const seat = (owner ?? '').trim().toLowerCase()
+  if (!seat) return 'other'
+  if (to.some(entry => bare(entry) === seat)) return 'direct'
+  if (cc.some(entry => bare(entry) === seat)) return 'copied'
+  return 'other'
+}
+
 function mapInbound(row: Record<string, unknown>): InboundEmail {
   return {
     id: String(row.id),
     from: (row.from_addr as string) ?? '',
     to: parseArray(row.to_addrs),
     cc: parseArray(row.cc),
+    addressed: (['direct', 'copied', 'other'].includes(String(row.addressed))
+      ? String(row.addressed)
+      : classifyAddressed(row.owner == null ? null : String(row.owner), parseArray(row.to_addrs), parseArray(row.cc))) as Addressed,
+    risk: (['clean', 'suspicious', 'spam', 'virus'].includes(String(row.risk)) ? String(row.risk) : 'clean') as Risk,
+    riskReasons: parseJson<string[]>(row.risk_reasons, []),
+    spam: Boolean(row.spam),
     bcc: parseArray(row.bcc),
     replyTo: parseArray(row.reply_to),
     subject: (row.subject as string) ?? '',
@@ -449,13 +747,15 @@ export type InboxPage = {
 export async function searchInbox(options: {
   text?: string
   owner?: string
-  folder?: 'inbox' | 'archive' | 'trash' | 'starred' | 'snoozed'
+  folder?: 'inbox' | 'archive' | 'trash' | 'starred' | 'snoozed' | 'spam'
   unread?: boolean
   starred?: boolean
   hasAttachment?: boolean
   label?: string
   from?: string
   to?: string
+  /** direct | copied | other, or 'not-copied' to leave copies out. */
+  addressed?: string
   limit?: number
   offset?: number
   cursor?: string | null
@@ -490,16 +790,23 @@ export async function searchInbox(options: {
   if (options.label) { where.push('m.labels LIKE ?'); args.push(`%${options.label}%`) }
   if (options.from) { where.push('lower(m.from_addr) LIKE ?'); args.push(`%${options.from.toLowerCase()}%`) }
   if (options.to) { where.push('lower(m.to_addrs) LIKE ?'); args.push(`%${options.to.toLowerCase()}%`) }
+  // Filtered in the query, not in the browser: a client-side pass would only ever narrow
+  // the page already loaded, which on a mailbox of six figures reads as a broken filter.
+  if (options.addressed === 'not-copied') where.push("COALESCE(m.addressed, 'other') <> 'copied'")
+  else if (options.addressed) { where.push("COALESCE(m.addressed, 'other') = ?"); args.push(options.addressed) }
 
   // A snoozed message is only out of the inbox while its time is still ahead; the clause
   // does the waking, so nothing has to run on a timer.
   const nowIso = new Date().toISOString()
   const awake = "(m.snoozed_until IS NULL OR m.snoozed_until <= ?)"
-  if (options.folder === 'trash') where.push('m.trashed = 1')
-  else if (options.folder === 'archive') where.push('m.archived = 1 AND m.trashed = 0')
-  else if (options.folder === 'starred') where.push('m.starred = 1 AND m.trashed = 0')
-  else if (options.folder === 'snoozed') { where.push('m.snoozed_until > ? AND m.trashed = 0'); args.push(nowIso) }
-  else if (options.folder === 'inbox') { where.push(`m.archived = 0 AND m.trashed = 0 AND ${awake}`); args.push(nowIso) }
+  // Quarantined mail belongs to exactly one folder and appears in no other, or holding it
+  // back would be pointless — it would still be sitting in the inbox under a label.
+  if (options.folder === 'spam') where.push('m.spam = 1 AND m.trashed = 0')
+  else if (options.folder === 'trash') where.push('m.trashed = 1')
+  else if (options.folder === 'archive') where.push('m.archived = 1 AND m.trashed = 0 AND m.spam = 0')
+  else if (options.folder === 'starred') where.push('m.starred = 1 AND m.trashed = 0 AND m.spam = 0')
+  else if (options.folder === 'snoozed') { where.push('m.snoozed_until > ? AND m.trashed = 0 AND m.spam = 0'); args.push(nowIso) }
+  else if (options.folder === 'inbox') { where.push(`m.archived = 0 AND m.trashed = 0 AND m.spam = 0 AND ${awake}`); args.push(nowIso) }
 
   const filterClause = where.length ? `WHERE ${where.join(' AND ')}` : ''
 
@@ -529,7 +836,8 @@ export async function searchInbox(options: {
                 'contentType', json_extract(value, '$.contentType'),
                 'size', json_extract(value, '$.size')))
               FROM json_each(CASE WHEN json_valid(m.attachments) THEN m.attachments ELSE '[]' END)), '[]') AS attachments,
-            m.starred, m.archived, m.trashed, m.snoozed_until, m.labels, m.owner, m.thread_id
+            m.starred, m.archived, m.trashed, m.snoozed_until, m.labels, m.owner, m.thread_id,
+            m.addressed, m.risk, m.risk_reasons, m.spam
      FROM ${ftsFrom}mail_inbox m ${ftsFrom ? 'ON m.rowid = fts.fts_rid' : ''} ${pageClause}
      ORDER BY m.received_at DESC, m.id DESC LIMIT ?${cursor ? '' : ' OFFSET ?'}`,
     cursor ? [...pageArgs, limit] : [...pageArgs, limit, offset],
@@ -575,6 +883,7 @@ export type FolderTally = {
   starred: number
   archived: number
   trashed: number
+  spam: number
   snoozed: number
 }
 
@@ -596,9 +905,13 @@ const COUNTS_CACHE_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000
 
 /** countFolders through a durable cache: one row read when fresh, a full scan only when stale. */
 export async function invalidateCounts(owner: string | null | undefined): Promise<void> {
-  if (!owner) return
   try {
-    await db()`DELETE FROM mail_counts_cache WHERE owner = ${owner.toLowerCase()}`
+    const sql = db()
+    // The '*all' row sums every mailbox, so one person's mail moving makes it wrong too.
+    // Dropping only the owner's row left the all-inboxes view quoting figures from before
+    // the delete, and an owner of null dropped nothing at all.
+    if (owner) await sql`DELETE FROM mail_counts_cache WHERE owner = ${owner.toLowerCase()}`
+    await sql`DELETE FROM mail_counts_cache WHERE owner = '*all'`
   } catch {
   }
 }
@@ -635,12 +948,13 @@ export async function countFolders(owner?: string): Promise<FolderCounts> {
   const rows = await tagged(
     sql,
     `SELECT
-       SUM(CASE WHEN archived = 0 AND trashed = 0 AND (snoozed_until IS NULL OR snoozed_until <= ?) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS inbox,
-       SUM(CASE WHEN archived = 0 AND trashed = 0 AND read = 0 AND (snoozed_until IS NULL OR snoozed_until <= ?) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS unread,
-       SUM(CASE WHEN starred = 1 AND trashed = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS starred,
-       SUM(CASE WHEN archived = 1 AND trashed = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS archived,
+       SUM(CASE WHEN archived = 0 AND trashed = 0 AND spam = 0 AND (snoozed_until IS NULL OR snoozed_until <= ?) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS inbox,
+       SUM(CASE WHEN archived = 0 AND trashed = 0 AND spam = 0 AND read = 0 AND (snoozed_until IS NULL OR snoozed_until <= ?) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS unread,
+       SUM(CASE WHEN starred = 1 AND trashed = 0 AND spam = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS starred,
+       SUM(CASE WHEN archived = 1 AND trashed = 0 AND spam = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS archived,
        SUM(CASE WHEN trashed = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS trashed,
-       SUM(CASE WHEN snoozed_until > ? AND trashed = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS snoozed
+       SUM(CASE WHEN spam = 1 AND trashed = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS spam,
+       SUM(CASE WHEN snoozed_until > ? AND trashed = 0 AND spam = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS snoozed
      FROM mail_inbox ${scope}`,
     [nowIso, nowIso, nowIso, ...args],
   )
@@ -661,6 +975,7 @@ export async function countFolders(owner?: string): Promise<FolderCounts> {
          SUM(CASE WHEN starred_count > 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS starred,
          SUM(CASE WHEN archived_count > 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS archived,
          SUM(CASE WHEN trashed_count > 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS trashed,
+         0 AS spam,
          SUM(CASE WHEN snoozed_until > ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS snoozed
        FROM mail_threads WHERE owner = ?`,
       [nowIso, nowIso, nowIso, owner.toLowerCase()],
@@ -673,6 +988,7 @@ export async function countFolders(owner?: string): Promise<FolderCounts> {
       starred: threadValue('starred'),
       archived: threadValue('archived'),
       trashed: threadValue('trashed'),
+      spam: threadValue('spam'),
       snoozed: threadValue('snoozed'),
     }
   }
@@ -683,6 +999,7 @@ export async function countFolders(owner?: string): Promise<FolderCounts> {
     starred: value('starred'),
     archived: value('archived'),
     trashed: value('trashed'),
+    spam: value('spam'),
     snoozed: value('snoozed'),
     conversations,
   }
@@ -694,10 +1011,10 @@ export async function readInbox(filter?: { owner?: string }): Promise<InboundEma
   const owner = filter?.owner?.trim().toLowerCase()
   const rows = owner
     ? await sql`
-        SELECT id, from_addr, to_addrs, cc, bcc, reply_to, subject, html, body_text, headers, received_at, read, attachments, starred, archived, trashed, labels, owner, thread_id
+        SELECT id, from_addr, to_addrs, cc, bcc, reply_to, subject, html, body_text, headers, received_at, read, attachments, starred, archived, trashed, labels, owner, thread_id, addressed, risk, risk_reasons, spam
         FROM mail_inbox WHERE lower(owner) = ${owner} ORDER BY received_at DESC LIMIT ${MAX_INBOX}`
     : await sql`
-        SELECT id, from_addr, to_addrs, cc, bcc, reply_to, subject, html, body_text, headers, received_at, read, attachments, starred, archived, trashed, labels, owner, thread_id
+        SELECT id, from_addr, to_addrs, cc, bcc, reply_to, subject, html, body_text, headers, received_at, read, attachments, starred, archived, trashed, labels, owner, thread_id, addressed, risk, risk_reasons, spam
         FROM mail_inbox ORDER BY received_at DESC LIMIT ${MAX_INBOX}`
   return rows.map(mapInbound)
 }
@@ -715,6 +1032,7 @@ export type ThreadRow = {
   inboxCount: number
   archivedCount: number
   trashedCount: number
+  spamCount: number
   attachCount: number
   senders: string[]
   snippet: string
@@ -753,12 +1071,14 @@ export async function refreshThread(ownerRaw: string, threadId: string): Promise
   const owner = ownerRaw.toLowerCase()
   const agg = await sql`
     SELECT COUNT(*) AS n,
-      SUM(CASE WHEN read = 0 AND trashed = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS unread,
-      SUM(CASE WHEN starred = 1 AND trashed = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS starred,
-      SUM(CASE WHEN archived = 0 AND trashed = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS inbox,
-      SUM(CASE WHEN archived = 1 AND trashed = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS archived,
+      SUM(CASE WHEN read = 0 AND trashed = 0 AND spam = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS unread,
+      SUM(CASE WHEN starred = 1 AND trashed = 0 AND spam = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS starred,
+      SUM(CASE WHEN archived = 0 AND trashed = 0 AND spam = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS inbox,
+      SUM(CASE WHEN archived = 1 AND trashed = 0 AND spam = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS archived,
+      SUM(CASE WHEN spam = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS spam,
       SUM(CASE WHEN trashed = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS trashed,
       SUM(CASE WHEN attachments IS NOT NULL AND attachments NOT IN ('', '[]') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS attach,
+      MAX(CASE risk WHEN 'virus' THEN 3 WHEN 'spam' THEN 2 WHEN 'suspicious' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS worst_risk,
       MIN(received_at) AS first_at, MAX(received_at) AS latest_at
     FROM mail_inbox WHERE lower(owner) = ${owner} AND thread_id = ${threadId}`
   const total = Number(agg[0]?.n ?? 0)
@@ -767,7 +1087,7 @@ export async function refreshThread(ownerRaw: string, threadId: string): Promise
     return
   }
   const latest = await sql`
-    SELECT id, subject, COALESCE(snippet, substr(COALESCE(body_text, ''), 1, 320)) AS snippet
+    SELECT id, subject, addressed, COALESCE(snippet, substr(COALESCE(body_text, ''), 1, 320)) AS snippet
     FROM mail_inbox WHERE lower(owner) = ${owner} AND thread_id = ${threadId}
     ORDER BY received_at DESC, id DESC LIMIT 1`
   const members = await sql`
@@ -783,19 +1103,22 @@ export async function refreshThread(ownerRaw: string, threadId: string): Promise
   const head = latest[0]
   await sql`
     INSERT INTO mail_threads (owner, thread_id, subject_key, subject, first_at, latest_at, latest_id, count,
-      unread_count, starred_count, inbox_count, archived_count, trashed_count, attach_count, senders, snippet, labels)
+      unread_count, starred_count, inbox_count, archived_count, trashed_count, spam_count, attach_count, senders, snippet, labels, addressed, risk)
     VALUES (${owner}, ${threadId}, ${subjectKey(String(head?.subject ?? ''))}, ${head?.subject ?? null},
       ${String(agg[0].first_at)}, ${String(agg[0].latest_at)}, ${head?.id ?? null}, ${total},
       ${Number(agg[0].unread ?? 0)}, ${Number(agg[0].starred ?? 0)}, ${Number(agg[0].inbox ?? 0)},
-      ${Number(agg[0].archived ?? 0)}, ${Number(agg[0].trashed ?? 0)}, ${Number(agg[0].attach ?? 0)},
-      ${JSON.stringify(senders)}, ${String(head?.snippet ?? '')}, ${JSON.stringify([...labels])})
+      ${Number(agg[0].archived ?? 0)}, ${Number(agg[0].trashed ?? 0)}, ${Number(agg[0].spam ?? 0)}, ${Number(agg[0].attach ?? 0)},
+      ${JSON.stringify(senders)}, ${String(head?.snippet ?? '')}, ${JSON.stringify([...labels])},
+      ${head?.addressed == null ? null : String(head.addressed)},
+      ${['clean', 'suspicious', 'spam', 'virus'][Number(agg[0]?.worst_risk ?? 0)] ?? 'clean'})
     ON CONFLICT (owner, thread_id) DO UPDATE SET
       subject_key = excluded.subject_key, subject = excluded.subject, first_at = excluded.first_at,
       latest_at = excluded.latest_at, latest_id = excluded.latest_id, count = excluded.count,
       unread_count = excluded.unread_count, starred_count = excluded.starred_count,
       inbox_count = excluded.inbox_count, archived_count = excluded.archived_count,
-      trashed_count = excluded.trashed_count, attach_count = excluded.attach_count,
-      senders = excluded.senders, snippet = excluded.snippet, labels = excluded.labels`
+      trashed_count = excluded.trashed_count, spam_count = excluded.spam_count, attach_count = excluded.attach_count,
+      senders = excluded.senders, snippet = excluded.snippet, labels = excluded.labels,
+      addressed = excluded.addressed, risk = excluded.risk`
 }
 
 /** Thread the message and refresh its summary; never lets a threading fault fail a write. */
@@ -836,7 +1159,7 @@ async function rethreadAfterChange(id: string, previousOwner?: string | null, pr
   }
 }
 
-export type ThreadFolder = 'inbox' | 'archive' | 'trash' | 'starred' | 'snoozed'
+export type ThreadFolder = 'inbox' | 'archive' | 'trash' | 'starred' | 'snoozed' | 'spam'
 
 /** The newest conversations in a folder: one row each, already summarised. */
 export type ThreadPage = { rows: ThreadRow[]; nextCursor: string | null }
@@ -846,7 +1169,8 @@ export async function listThreads(ownerRaw: string | null, folder: ThreadFolder,
   const owner = ownerRaw === null ? null : ownerRaw.toLowerCase()
   const nowIso = new Date().toISOString()
   const predicate =
-    folder === 'archive' ? 'archived_count > 0'
+    folder === 'spam' ? 'spam_count > 0'
+    : folder === 'archive' ? 'archived_count > 0'
     : folder === 'trash' ? 'trashed_count > 0'
     : folder === 'starred' ? 'starred_count > 0'
     : folder === 'snoozed' ? 'snoozed_until > ?'
@@ -866,8 +1190,8 @@ export async function listThreads(ownerRaw: string | null, folder: ThreadFolder,
         SELECT thread_id, subject, MIN(first_at) AS first_at, MAX(latest_at) AS latest_at, latest_id,
           SUM(count) AS count, SUM(unread_count) AS unread_count, SUM(starred_count) AS starred_count,
           SUM(inbox_count) AS inbox_count, SUM(archived_count) AS archived_count,
-          SUM(trashed_count) AS trashed_count, SUM(attach_count) AS attach_count,
-          senders, snippet, labels, snoozed_until
+          SUM(trashed_count) AS trashed_count, SUM(spam_count) AS spam_count, SUM(attach_count) AS attach_count,
+          senders, snippet, labels, snoozed_until, addressed, risk
         FROM mail_threads
         GROUP BY thread_id
         HAVING ${predicate}${cursorClause ? ` AND ${cursorClause}` : ''}
@@ -875,7 +1199,7 @@ export async function listThreads(ownerRaw: string | null, folder: ThreadFolder,
         [...folderArgs, ...cursorArgs, limit])
     : await tagged(db(), `
         SELECT thread_id, subject, first_at, latest_at, latest_id, count, unread_count, starred_count,
-          inbox_count, archived_count, trashed_count, attach_count, senders, snippet, labels, snoozed_until
+          inbox_count, archived_count, trashed_count, spam_count, attach_count, senders, snippet, labels, snoozed_until, addressed, risk
         FROM mail_threads WHERE owner = ? AND ${predicate}
           ${cursorClause ? `AND ${cursorClause}` : ''}
         ORDER BY latest_at DESC, thread_id DESC LIMIT ?`,
@@ -894,11 +1218,14 @@ export async function listThreads(ownerRaw: string | null, folder: ThreadFolder,
     inboxCount: Number(row.inbox_count ?? 0),
     archivedCount: Number(row.archived_count ?? 0),
     trashedCount: Number(row.trashed_count ?? 0),
+    spamCount: Number(row.spam_count ?? 0),
     attachCount: Number(row.attach_count ?? 0),
     senders: parseJson<string[]>(row.senders, []),
     snippet: String(row.snippet ?? ''),
     labels: parseJson<string[]>(row.labels, []),
     snoozedUntil: row.snoozed_until == null ? null : String(row.snoozed_until),
+    addressed: (['direct', 'copied', 'other'].includes(String(row.addressed)) ? String(row.addressed) : 'direct') as Addressed,
+    risk: (['clean', 'suspicious', 'spam', 'virus'].includes(String(row.risk)) ? String(row.risk) : 'clean') as Risk,
   }))
   return { rows: mapped, nextCursor }
 }
@@ -968,13 +1295,112 @@ export async function appendInbound(
   await ensureMailSchema()
   const sql = db()
   await sql`
-    INSERT INTO mail_inbox (id, from_addr, to_addrs, cc, bcc, reply_to, subject, html, body_text, headers, received_at, read, attachments, owner, snippet, thread_meta, attach_meta)
-    VALUES (${email.id}, ${email.from}, ${JSON.stringify(email.to)}, ${JSON.stringify(email.cc)}, ${JSON.stringify(email.bcc)}, ${JSON.stringify(email.replyTo)}, ${email.subject}, ${email.html}, ${email.text}, ${JSON.stringify(email.headers)}, ${email.receivedAt}, ${email.read}, ${JSON.stringify(email.attachments)}, ${email.owner ?? null}, ${listSnippet(email.text)}, ${threadMeta(email.headers)}, ${attachMeta(email.attachments)})
+    INSERT INTO mail_inbox (id, from_addr, to_addrs, cc, bcc, reply_to, subject, html, body_text, headers, received_at, read, attachments, owner, snippet, thread_meta, attach_meta, addressed, risk, risk_reasons, spam)
+    VALUES (${email.id}, ${email.from}, ${JSON.stringify(email.to)}, ${JSON.stringify(email.cc)}, ${JSON.stringify(email.bcc)}, ${JSON.stringify(email.replyTo)}, ${email.subject}, ${email.html}, ${email.text}, ${JSON.stringify(email.headers)}, ${email.receivedAt}, ${email.read}, ${JSON.stringify(email.attachments)}, ${email.owner ?? null}, ${listSnippet(email.text)}, ${threadMeta(email.headers)}, ${attachMeta(email.attachments)}, ${classifyAddressed(email.owner, email.to, email.cc)}, ${email.risk ?? 'clean'}, ${JSON.stringify(email.riskReasons ?? [])}, ${email.spam ? 1 : 0})
     ON CONFLICT (id) DO NOTHING`
   await threadMessage({ id: email.id, owner: email.owner ?? null, subject: email.subject, receivedAt: email.receivedAt })
   await invalidateCounts(email.owner)
 }
 
+/**
+ * Fill in what a hollow row is missing, for messages stored before the body could be
+ * fetched. Only ever writes content that is absent — read, starred, archived, trashed,
+ * labels and owner are the reader's, not the repair's, and a row that already has a body
+ * is left exactly as it is.
+ */
+export async function rejudgeStored(options: { before?: string; limit?: number } = {}): Promise<{
+  scanned: number
+  changed: number
+  quarantined: number
+  cursor: string | null
+}> {
+  await ensureMailSchema()
+  const sql = db()
+  const limit = Math.min(Math.max(options.limit ?? 200, 1), 500)
+  const before = options.before ?? '9999-12-31'
+  const rows = await sql`
+    SELECT id, owner, from_addr, reply_to, subject, body_text, headers, received_at,
+           read, starred, archived, trashed, risk, spam
+    FROM mail_inbox
+    WHERE received_at < ${before}
+    ORDER BY received_at DESC
+    LIMIT ${limit}`
+
+  const result = { scanned: rows.length, changed: 0, quarantined: 0, cursor: null as string | null }
+  if (rows.length === 0) return result
+  result.cursor = String(rows[rows.length - 1].received_at ?? '')
+
+  const standings = new Map<string, SenderStanding>()
+  const touchedOwners = new Set<string>()
+  for (const row of rows) {
+    const owner = String(row.owner ?? '')
+    const senderDomain = senderDomainOf(String(row.from_addr ?? ''))
+    const key = `${owner.toLowerCase()}\u0000${senderDomain}`
+    let standing = standings.get(key)
+    if (!standing) {
+      standing = await senderStanding(owner, senderDomain)
+      standings.set(key, standing)
+    }
+
+    const headers = parseJson<Record<string, unknown>>(row.headers, {})
+    const authHeader = headerString(headers, 'authentication-results').toLowerCase()
+    const mechanism = (name: string) => authHeader.match(new RegExp(`${name}=(\\w+)`))?.[1] ?? null
+    const verdict = judgeMessage({
+      spam: null,
+      virus: null,
+      spf: mechanism('spf'),
+      dkim: mechanism('dkim'),
+      dmarc: mechanism('dmarc'),
+      from: String(row.from_addr ?? ''),
+      replyTo: parseJson<string[]>(row.reply_to, []),
+      subject: String(row.subject ?? ''),
+      text: row.body_text == null ? null : String(row.body_text),
+    }, standing)
+
+    // A message the reader has already read, starred, filed or binned stays exactly where
+    // they put it — back-fill may label it, never move it out from under them.
+    const untouched = !Number(row.read) && !Number(row.starred) && !Number(row.archived) && !Number(row.trashed)
+    const quarantine = verdict.quarantine && untouched
+    if (String(row.risk ?? 'clean') === verdict.risk && Boolean(Number(row.spam)) === quarantine) {
+      // The verdict is unchanged, but the conversation summary the list reads from may still
+      // predate it — worth one refresh for the few that carry a warning.
+      if (verdict.risk !== 'clean') await rethreadAfterChange(String(row.id))
+      continue
+    }
+
+    await sql`
+      UPDATE mail_inbox
+      SET risk = ${verdict.risk}, risk_reasons = ${JSON.stringify(verdict.reasons)}, spam = ${quarantine ? 1 : 0}
+      WHERE id = ${String(row.id)}`
+    await rethreadAfterChange(String(row.id))
+    result.changed += 1
+    if (quarantine) result.quarantined += 1
+    if (owner) touchedOwners.add(owner)
+  }
+
+  for (const owner of touchedOwners) await invalidateCounts(owner)
+  return result
+}
+
+export async function repairInbound(
+  email: Pick<InboundEmail, 'id' | 'html' | 'text' | 'headers' | 'attachments'>,
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  await ensureMailSchema()
+  const sql = db()
+  const rows = await sql`
+    UPDATE mail_inbox SET
+      html = CASE WHEN coalesce(html, '') = '' THEN ${email.html} ELSE html END,
+      body_text = CASE WHEN coalesce(body_text, '') = '' THEN ${email.text} ELSE body_text END,
+      headers = CASE WHEN coalesce(headers, '') IN ('', '{}') THEN ${JSON.stringify(email.headers)} ELSE headers END,
+      attachments = CASE WHEN coalesce(attachments, '') IN ('', '[]') THEN ${JSON.stringify(email.attachments)} ELSE attachments END,
+      attach_meta = CASE WHEN coalesce(attach_meta, '') IN ('', '[]') THEN ${attachMeta(email.attachments)} ELSE attach_meta END,
+      snippet = CASE WHEN coalesce(snippet, '') = '' THEN ${listSnippet(email.text)} ELSE snippet END,
+      thread_meta = CASE WHEN coalesce(thread_meta, '') IN ('', '{}') THEN ${threadMeta(email.headers)} ELSE thread_meta END
+    WHERE id = ${email.id}
+    RETURNING id`
+  return rows.length > 0
+}
+
 export async function getInboundSource(
   id: string,
 ): Promise<{ owner: string | null; attachments: Array<Record<string, unknown>> } | null> {
@@ -1222,13 +1648,44 @@ export async function listInboundWithAttachments(owner: string | null): Promise<
 export async function setInboxOwner(id: string, owner: string | null): Promise<void> {
   const sql = db()
   const before = await sql`SELECT owner, thread_id FROM mail_inbox WHERE id = ${id}`
-  await sql`UPDATE mail_inbox SET owner = ${owner ? owner.toLowerCase() : null}, thread_id = NULL WHERE id = ${id}`
+  const moved = await sql`SELECT to_addrs, cc FROM mail_inbox WHERE id = ${id}`
+  const nowAddressed = classifyAddressed(owner, parseArray(moved[0]?.to_addrs), parseArray(moved[0]?.cc))
+  // A message that was a copy in one mailbox can be direct mail in another.
+  await sql`UPDATE mail_inbox SET owner = ${owner ? owner.toLowerCase() : null}, thread_id = NULL, addressed = ${nowAddressed} WHERE id = ${id}`
+  // Both sides change: the mailbox it left and the one it arrived in.
+  await invalidateCounts(before[0]?.owner == null ? null : String(before[0].owner))
+  await invalidateCounts(owner)
   await rethreadAfterChange(id, before[0]?.owner == null ? null : String(before[0].owner), before[0]?.thread_id == null ? null : String(before[0].thread_id))
 }
 
 export async function markInboundRead(id: string): Promise<void> {
   const sql = db()
   await sql`UPDATE mail_inbox SET read = 1 WHERE id = ${id}`
+  const owned = await sql`SELECT owner FROM mail_inbox WHERE id = ${id}`
+  await invalidateCounts(owned[0]?.owner == null ? null : String(owned[0].owner))
+  await rethreadAfterChange(id)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Moves a message in or out of quarantine and remembers the decision. This is the loop:
+ * what the reader does with a sender's mail decides how the next one is treated, so the
+ * same message can be spam in one mailbox and ordinary correspondence in another.
+ */
+export async function setInboundSpam(id: string, spam: boolean): Promise<void> {
+  await ensureMailSchema()
+  const sql = db()
+  const rows = await sql`SELECT owner, from_addr FROM mail_inbox WHERE id = ${id}`
+  const row = rows[0]
+  // A reader who says "not spam" has overruled the judgement, so the warning goes with the
+  // quarantine — leaving the badge on would argue with them every time they open it.
+  await (spam
+    ? sql`UPDATE mail_inbox SET spam = 1, archived = 0, trashed = 0 WHERE id = ${id}`
+    : sql`UPDATE mail_inbox SET spam = 0, archived = 0, trashed = 0, risk = 'clean', risk_reasons = '[]' WHERE id = ${id}`)
+  if (row?.owner) {
+    await noteSender(String(row.owner), senderDomainOf(String(row.from_addr ?? '')), spam ? 'marked_spam' : 'replied')
+      .catch(() => {})
+  }
+  await invalidateCounts(row?.owner == null ? null : String(row.owner))
   await rethreadAfterChange(id)
 }
 
@@ -1238,7 +1695,12 @@ export async function setInboundFlags(id: string, flags: InboundFlags): Promise<
   if (flags.starred !== undefined) await sql`UPDATE mail_inbox SET starred = ${flags.starred} WHERE id = ${id}`
   if (flags.archived !== undefined) await sql`UPDATE mail_inbox SET archived = ${flags.archived} WHERE id = ${id}`
   if (flags.trashed !== undefined) await sql`UPDATE mail_inbox SET trashed = ${flags.trashed} WHERE id = ${id}`
-  const owned = await sql`SELECT owner FROM mail_inbox WHERE id = ${id}`
+  const owned = await sql`SELECT owner, from_addr FROM mail_inbox WHERE id = ${id}`
+  // Binning a sender's mail counts against them; it is the commonest way a reader says
+  // "not this one" without ever pressing a button marked spam.
+  if (flags.trashed === true && owned[0]?.owner) {
+    await noteSender(String(owned[0].owner), senderDomainOf(String(owned[0].from_addr ?? '')), 'trashed').catch(() => {})
+  }
   await invalidateCounts(owned[0]?.owner == null ? null : String(owned[0].owner))
   await rethreadAfterChange(id)
 }
@@ -1304,6 +1766,8 @@ export async function inboundExists(ids: string[]): Promise<Set<string>> {
 export async function setInboundLabels(id: string, labels: string[]): Promise<void> {
   const sql = db()
   await sql`UPDATE mail_inbox SET labels = ${JSON.stringify(labels)} WHERE id = ${id}`
+  const owned = await sql`SELECT owner FROM mail_inbox WHERE id = ${id}`
+  await invalidateCounts(owned[0]?.owner == null ? null : String(owned[0].owner))
 }
 
 // ── Sent-mail flags (star / archive / trash on Resend-sent emails) ──
@@ -1752,6 +2216,11 @@ export async function readSentArchive(options: {
 // ── Sent-mail attribution (owner + automated flag + thread link) ─
 export type SentMeta = { owner: string | null; isAuto: boolean; inReplyTo: string | null }
 
+/** Writing back to somebody is the clearest statement that their mail is wanted. */
+export async function noteReplyTo(owner: string | null, address: string): Promise<void> {
+  await noteSender(owner, senderDomainOf(address), 'replied').catch(() => {})
+}
+
 export async function recordSentMeta(
   emailId: string,
   owner: string | null,
@@ -2018,7 +2487,10 @@ export async function resetPasswordWithToken(token: string, passwordHash: string
   if (!email) return null
   await sql`
     INSERT INTO mail_accounts (email, password_hash, status, created_at) VALUES (${String(email)}, ${passwordHash}, 'active', ${nowIso()})
-    ON CONFLICT (email) DO UPDATE SET password_hash = excluded.password_hash, status = 'active'`
+    ON CONFLICT (email) DO UPDATE SET
+      password_hash = excluded.password_hash,
+      status = 'active',
+      password_is_default = 0`
   // Any other link still outstanding for this address is now stale — and one of them
   // may be the reason the password is being changed.
   await sql`DELETE FROM mail_reset_tokens WHERE email = ${String(email)}`
@@ -2172,7 +2644,8 @@ export async function backfillAttachments(limit: number, countRemaining = false)
     rows.map(async row => {
       const id = String(row.id)
       try {
-        const listing = await fetch(`https://api.resend.com/emails/receiving/${encodeURIComponent(id)}/attachments`, {
+        const base = (process.env.RESEND_BASE_URL ?? '').trim().replace(/\/+$/, '') || 'https://api.resend.com'
+        const listing = await fetch(`${base}/emails/receiving/${encodeURIComponent(id)}/attachments`, {
           headers: { authorization: `Bearer ${apiKey}` },
         })
         if (!listing.ok) {
@@ -2195,10 +2668,14 @@ export async function backfillAttachments(limit: number, countRemaining = false)
             const contentType = entry.content_type ? String(entry.content_type) : undefined
             const source = entry.download_url ? String(entry.download_url) : ''
             const meta: Record<string, unknown> = { filename, contentType, size: Number(entry.size ?? 0) }
-            if (!source) return meta
-            const binary = await fetch(source)
-            if (!binary.ok) return meta
-            const bytes = Buffer.from(await binary.arrayBuffer())
+            if (!source && !entry.content) return meta
+            let bytes: Buffer
+            if (entry.content) bytes = Buffer.from(String(entry.content), 'base64')
+            else {
+              const binary = await fetch(source)
+              if (!binary.ok) return meta
+              bytes = Buffer.from(await binary.arrayBuffer())
+            }
             const safeName = filename.replace(/[^\w.\- ]+/g, '_').slice(-120)
             const key = `attachments/${id}/${index}-${safeName}`
             if (!(await putObject(key, bytes, contentType))) return meta