@niivue/uikit 1.0.0-rc.3 → 1.0.0-rc.30

package/README.md

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 # @niivue/uikit
 
-UIKit: a collection of controls and widgets (rulers, crosshairs, annotations,
-and later buttons, sliders, panels) integrated into the
+UIKit: a collection of controls and widgets (rulers, crosshairs and
+annotations, plus an on-canvas control layer of buttons, toggles, sliders,
+menus, selects, segmented controls, number and text fields, color controls,
+file pickers and dialogs) integrated into the
 [NiiVue](https://github.com/niivue/niivue) rendering lifecycle.
 
 > **Status: shipping widgets.** The rendering-lifecycle hook, UIKit's own
-> line/text renderers (WebGL2 + WebGPU, with a text transform), and the first
-> widgets (ruler, annotation, crosshair) are in. See `docs/ruler-port.md` in
+> line/text/rect renderers (WebGL2 + WebGPU, with a text transform), the
+> measuring widgets (ruler, annotation, crosshair) and the control layer with
+> every widget in the table below are in. See `docs/ruler-port.md` in
 > `@niivue/niivue` for the design.
 
 ## Design in one paragraph
@@ -22,13 +25,34 @@ proven, core's overlays cut over onto it and the duplicate in core is removed.
 
 Each widget is a pure geometry builder (spec in, plain line + text draw data out,
 unit-testable without a GPU) paired with an overlay that owns the GPU resources
-and draws that data through the lifecycle hook.
+and draws that data through the lifecycle hook. The overlays are the API. Of
+the builders, only the measuring widgets' and the primitives' (`buildRuler`,
+`buildCrosshair`, `buildAnnotationGeometry`, `buildRect`, `buildLine`,
+`buildTerminatedLine`) are exported; the control widgets' models are
+package-private (see "Conventions for contributors").
 
-| Builder | Overlay | Draws |
+| Model | Overlay | Draws |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | `buildRuler` | `UIKitRulerOverlay` | A measuring ruler with graduated ticks and a distance label |
 | `buildCrosshair` | `UIKitCrosshairOverlay` | A screen-space cross marking a point, optionally graduated and numbered |
 | `buildAnnotationGeometry` | `UIKitAnnotationOverlay` | Free-form annotation lines |
+| `buildRect` | `UIKitRectOverlay` | Filled rounded rectangles with an optional border ring (the first filled primitive) |
+| `buildButton` | `UIKitButtonOverlay` | Clickable, stylable push buttons with a text label and a press animation |
+| `buildToggle` | `UIKitToggleOverlay` | Check boxes with a label: pointer or Space/Enter flips them |
+| `buildSlider` | `UIKitSliderOverlay` | Horizontal sliders with min/max/step, ticks, a value readout, drag and arrow keys |
+| `buildNumberInput` | `UIKitNumberInputOverlay` | Number fields: typed entry with validation, a spinner, arrow keys and the wheel |
+| `buildTextInput` | `UIKitTextInputOverlay` | Single-line text fields with a placeholder, selection, Enter to submit |
+| `buildTextArea` | `UIKitTextAreaOverlay` | Multi-line text fields that soft-wrap and scroll by whole rows |
+| `buildColorControl` | `UIKitColorControlOverlay` | Color pickers the legacy way: a preview, R/G/B(/A) channel sliders and palette swatches |
+| `buildFilePicker` | `UIKitFilePickerOverlay` | File pickers: a Choose button and a readout; the host chooser and downloads go through bridges |
+| `buildDialog` | `UIKitDialogOverlay` | Modal dialogs: a scrim, a panel with a title, wrapped message, hosted widgets and action buttons |
+| `buildMenuButton`, `buildMenuPopup` | `UIKitMenuOverlay` | Menu buttons with popups of actions, check items and radio groups |
+| `selectMenuSpec` | `UIKitSelectOverlay` | Drop-down lists: a button showing the chosen option over a popup of options |
+| `buildSegmented` | `UIKitSegmentedOverlay` | Segmented controls: one row of segments with exactly one selected |
+| `scrollWindow`, `revealRow`, `buildScrollArrow` | (used by the overlays above) | Row scrolling for any container whose list outgrows its viewport |
+| `editKey`, `textWindow`, `caretIndexAt` | (used by the overlays above) | Single-line text editing: caret, selection, key edits, whole-glyph scrolling |
+| `buildTextFieldContent` | (used by the overlays above) | The text, selection and caret of any field, clipped to the glyphs that fit |
+| | `UIKitControls` | The control layer: one owner of the pointer, wheel and keyboard for every widget above |
 
 ```ts
 import { loadDefaultFont, UIKitCrosshairOverlay } from '@niivue/uikit'
@@ -48,8 +72,8 @@ crosshair.setCrosshair({
 })
 ```
 
-The builders are usable on their own if you want the geometry but not UIKit's
-renderers:
+The exported builders are usable on their own if you want the geometry but not
+UIKit's renderers:
 
 ```ts
 import { buildTerminatedLine, LineTerminator } from '@niivue/uikit'
@@ -59,3 +83,676 @@ const segments = buildTerminatedLine(0, 0, 100, 40, 2, [1, 0, 0, 1], {
   end: LineTerminator.ARROW,
 })
 ```
+
+## Buttons
+
+`UIKitButtonOverlay` draws push buttons into the scene and handles the pointer
+for them. Each button is a rounded rect plus a centred label. The pointer gives
+it a hover tint, a press that shrinks and darkens the face, and a release that
+eases back; a click fires on pointer-up inside the button the pointer went down
+on. `attach(nv)` wires the canvas pointer events so a click on a button is
+consumed before NiiVue's own handlers see it (no stray drag or crosshair move),
+and shows a pointer cursor over buttons.
+
+```ts
+import { loadDefaultFont, UIKitButtonOverlay } from '@niivue/uikit'
+
+// cssUnits: lay the buttons out in CSS pixels; the overlay scales by the DPR.
+const buttons = new UIKitButtonOverlay(await loadDefaultFont(), { cssUnits: true })
+nv.registerOverlayRenderer(buttons)
+const detach = buttons.attach(nv)
+
+buttons.addButton({
+  id: 'axial',
+  label: 'Axial',
+  x: 12,
+  y: 12, // top-left; width/height default to the label plus padding
+  onClick: () => { nv.sliceType = SLICE_TYPE.AXIAL },
+})
+buttons.addButton({
+  id: 'reset',
+  label: 'Reset',
+  x: 90,
+  y: 12,
+  width: 120, // a fixed size is honoured per axis
+  style: { fill: [0.55, 0.1, 0.12, 0.95], border: [1, 0.55, 0.55, 1], radius: 14 },
+  onClick: resetView,
+})
+
+buttons.updateButton('reset', { label: 'Reset (3)' })
+buttons.setEnabled('axial', false)
+buttons.click('reset') // from a keyboard shortcut: same animation + callback
+```
+
+Every visual knob is in `ButtonStyle` (fill, hover, pressed and disabled fills,
+border color and width, corner radius, text color and size, padding, press
+shrink scale and press/release durations). Set defaults for the overlay with the
+`style` option or `setDefaultStyle`, and override per button with `spec.style`.
+Without `cssUnits`, all lengths are canvas (device) pixels, like every other
+UIKit widget.
+
+A host that is not a NiiVue controller can feed the overlay itself: call
+`pointerDown`, `pointerMove`, `pointerUp` and `pointerCancel` with canvas-pixel
+coordinates (each returns whether a button consumed the event) and pass a
+`requestRedraw` option so the press animation can ask for frames.
+
+## Control layer
+
+`UIKitControls` is the one place that owns the canvas pointer, wheel and
+keyboard for every interactive widget, so widgets never compete for an event. Add the widget
+overlays to it in draw order, register the layer as NiiVue's overlay renderer,
+and `attach(nv)` to the canvas. Pointer down goes to the topmost widget that
+claims it; that widget then captures every move and the up and takes keyboard
+focus. The layer is single-pointer: one pointer at a time, and a second down
+(another touch, or a down whose up was never seen) cancels the held press
+before any widget, including the one holding it, sees the new press, so a
+drag or button press restarts from the new pointer rather than sharing two.
+Moves and releases from any other pointer are ignored while one holds the
+press. When pointer capture is refused and the release lands outside the
+canvas, the layer ends the press from the window but leaves the event to the
+element under it, so a page button still gets its click.
+Only the topmost widget under the pointer hovers. A widget that is modal
+(a menu with its popup open) sees every event first until it closes, and the
+click that dismisses it is consumed. Keys go to the modal widget, else the
+focused one. A wheel turn goes to the modal widget, else to the topmost widget
+under the pointer that handles wheels (an open popup scrolls with it; the page
+scrolls otherwise). Events a widget consumes are stopped in the capture phase,
+so a click on a control never starts a NiiVue drag or moves the crosshair. Popups are
+drawn after every widget. A press anywhere else in the page, focus moving to
+another element or the window losing focus deactivates the layer (held press
+cancelled, popups dismissed, focus dropped), so keys reach the page again
+instead of the last widget the user touched; `deactivate()` does the same from
+code. The layer owns keys again on the next canvas press or `focus` call, and
+a widget opened or focused from code takes them back the same way: a dialog
+opened from a page button, a menu opened with `open`, or a text field given
+`focus` claims the keyboard through the layer at once. An open dialog does not
+keep the keys while the user is elsewhere in the page.
+
+```ts
+import {
+  loadDefaultFont, UIKitButtonOverlay, UIKitControls, UIKitMenuOverlay,
+  UIKitSliderOverlay, UIKitToggleOverlay,
+} from '@niivue/uikit'
+
+const font = await loadDefaultFont()
+const units = { cssUnits: true }
+const buttons = new UIKitButtonOverlay(font, units)
+const toggles = new UIKitToggleOverlay(font, units)
+const sliders = new UIKitSliderOverlay(font, units)
+const menus = new UIKitMenuOverlay(font, units)
+const controls = new UIKitControls().add(buttons).add(toggles).add(sliders).add(menus)
+nv.registerOverlayRenderer(controls)
+const detach = controls.attach(nv) // call detach() to unwire the events
+```
+
+A widget added to a layer takes the layer's redraw requester, which `attach`
+defaults to `nv.drawScene`. A host that is not a NiiVue controller can feed the
+layer itself through `pointerDown`, `pointerMove`, `pointerUp`, `pointerCancel`,
+`wheel` and `keyDown` in canvas pixels; each returns whether a widget consumed
+the event.
+`UIKitButtonOverlay.attach` still works on its own: it is a one-widget layer.
+
+## Toggles
+
+A toggle is a square box with a check mark and a label beside it. Pointer press
+and release inside flips it; the pressed toggle takes focus (a ring around the
+box) and Space or Enter flips it from the keyboard. `onChange` fires for user
+changes only; `setChecked` is silent.
+
+```ts
+toggles.addToggle({
+  id: 'colorbar',
+  label: 'Colorbar',
+  x: 12,
+  y: 52,
+  checked: false,
+  onChange: (checked) => { nv.isColorbarVisible = checked },
+})
+toggles.setChecked('colorbar', true) // from code, no callback
+toggles.toggle('colorbar') // as the user would: fires onChange
+toggles.setEnabled('colorbar', false)
+```
+
+`ToggleStyle` holds the box size, radius, gap, fills for each state, border,
+check color and width, text color and size, the label halo
+(`textOutlineWidth`, default 1, and `textOutlineColor`, null for automatic
+contrast), press scale and focus ring.
+
+## Sliders
+
+A slider is a horizontal track with a round thumb, an optional label on the
+left and value readout on the right, and optional tick marks. Pressing the track
+jumps the value there and starts a drag; the thumb follows the pointer however
+far it strays vertically. Values clamp to `[min, max]` and snap to `step`
+when one is given; without a step the slider is continuous and the keyboard
+moves by a hundredth of the range. With focus, ArrowLeft/Down and
+ArrowRight/Up move one step, Shift and PageUp/PageDown move ten, Home and End
+go to the ends.
+
+```ts
+sliders.addSlider({
+  id: 'gamma',
+  label: 'Gamma',
+  x: 12,
+  y: 84,
+  width: 220,
+  min: 0.1,
+  max: 3,
+  step: 0.05,
+  value: 1,
+  showValue: true,
+  format: (v) => v.toFixed(2), // optional; default shows the step's decimals
+  tickStep: 0.5, // optional tick marks (skipped when denser than a pixel)
+  onInput: (v) => { nv.gamma = v }, // every change, including during a drag
+  onChange: (v) => save(v), // once, when a drag or key press settles a new value
+})
+sliders.setValue('gamma', 1) // silent
+sliders.getValue('gamma')
+```
+
+The callback contract: `onInput` fires on every value change the user makes
+and `onChange` fires when the interaction ends with a value different from the
+one it started with (a drag releases, a key press lands). Neither fires for
+`setValue`.
+
+The label and value sit on the scene, so they draw with a halo outline:
+`textOutlineWidth` (default 1; 0 for none) and `textOutlineColor` (default
+null, which picks black or white for contrast with `textColor`) in
+`SliderStyle`.
+
+## Menus
+
+`UIKitMenuOverlay` draws menu buttons (a label with a chevron) and, when one is
+open, its popup. Items are actions, check items, radio items (exclusive within
+their `group`) or separators, each with an optional right-aligned shortcut
+label and `enabled` flag. The popup opens below the button and flips above it
+when it would overflow the canvas; when it fits neither way it takes the
+roomier side and scrolls (see "Scrolling containers" below). While open the
+overlay is modal: it
+highlights the row under the pointer, a click on a row activates it, a click
+anywhere else closes the menu (and is not passed on), and Escape closes it.
+ArrowUp/Down, Home and End move the highlight over selectable rows, Enter or
+Space activates. A focused closed menu opens on Enter, Space or ArrowDown.
+
+```ts
+menus.addMenu({
+  id: 'view',
+  label: 'View',
+  x: 12,
+  y: 12,
+  items: [
+    { id: 'axial', label: 'Axial', kind: 'radio', group: 'view', shortcut: '1' },
+    { id: 'mpr', label: 'Multiplanar', kind: 'radio', group: 'view', checked: true },
+    { id: 'sep', kind: 'separator' },
+    { id: 'colorbar', label: 'Colorbar', kind: 'check' },
+    { id: 'reset', label: 'Reset view', onSelect: resetView },
+    { id: 'undo', label: 'Undo', enabled: false },
+  ],
+  onSelect: (itemId, menuId) => { /* every activation */ },
+  onChange: (itemId, checked, menuId) => { /* check and radio state changes */ },
+})
+menus.setItemChecked('view', 'colorbar', true) // silent; radio items clear their group
+menus.isItemChecked('view', 'axial')
+menus.setItems('view', newItems)
+menus.open('view'); menus.close()
+```
+
+Activating a check item flips it; activating a radio item checks it and clears
+the rest of its group. `onChange` reports each item whose state changed (the
+activated one first), then the item's `onSelect` and the menu's `onSelect`
+fire. `MenuStyle` holds the popup fill, border, radius and padding, row height,
+highlight fill, text, mark and shortcut colors, separator and chevron sizes, and
+`buttonStyle` is a `ButtonStyle` for the trigger.
+
+## Selects
+
+`UIKitSelectOverlay` draws drop-down lists: a menu button whose label is the
+chosen option (or a `placeholder` while nothing is chosen) over a popup listing
+every option as one radio group. The button is sized to the widest option so it
+keeps its width as the value changes. Opening, highlighting, choosing on release
+or Enter, dismissing on an outside press or Escape and being modal while open
+all behave as for a menu, a long list scrolls, and the list opens with the
+current option highlighted and in view. A focused closed select also changes its value straight from the
+keyboard: ArrowUp/Down (or Left/Right) step over the enabled options without
+wrapping, Shift or PageUp/PageDown step by ten, Home and End jump to the ends,
+and Enter, Space or Alt+ArrowDown open the list.
+
+```ts
+const selects = new UIKitSelectOverlay(font, units)
+selects.addSelect({
+  id: 'colormap',
+  x: 12,
+  y: 12,
+  options: nv.colormaps.map((name) => ({ value: name, label: name })),
+  value: 'gray',
+  onChange: (value) => nv.setVolume(0, { colormap: value }),
+})
+selects.setValue('colormap', 'hot') // silent; a value no option holds clears it
+selects.setOptions('colormap', fewerOptions) // a value no longer offered clears
+selects.getValue('colormap')
+```
+
+`onChange(value, id)` fires once per user choice and not when the same option
+is chosen again or the value is set from code. Options carry `enabled`; a
+disabled option draws dimmed and is skipped by the keyboard. `buttonStyle` and
+`style` are the menu's `ButtonStyle` and `MenuStyle`.
+
+## Scrolling containers
+
+Any container that shows a list taller than the space it has scrolls by whole
+rows through the shared model in `scroll.ts`, so a container only ever draws
+rows that lie fully inside its viewport and needs no GPU scissor.
+`scrollWindow(heights, viewport, first)` returns the run of rows that fits from
+`first`, clamped so the list never scrolls past its end; `revealRow` finds the
+least scroll that brings a row into view (a keyboard move, or opening on an
+item); `WheelAccumulator` turns a trackpad's small wheel deltas into row steps;
+`buildScrollArrow` draws the chevron on a strip. Menu and select popups are the
+first consumers: a scrollable popup reserves a strip at each end
+(`scrollStripHeight`, `scrollArrowSize`, `scrollArrowWidth`, `scrollArrowColor`
+in `MenuStyle`), shows an arrow on a strip with rows beyond it, scrolls on the
+wheel or a press on a strip, keeps the keyboard highlight in view, and reports
+`scrollable`, `firstRow`, `endRow` and the strip boxes in its popup layout. A
+widget that scrolls implements `wheel(x, y, deltaX, deltaY)` from
+`UIKitInteractive`; the control layer routes the canvas wheel to it. The scroll
+functions are package-private; only the `ScrollRange`, `ScrollWindow`,
+`ScrollStripStyle` and `UIKitBox` types are exported.
+
+## Segmented controls
+
+`UIKitSegmentedOverlay` draws a row of equal-width segments in one rounded
+track with exactly one selected: a compact radio group for a mode or a view.
+The pointer tints the segment under it, pressing darkens it, and releasing on
+the segment the press started on selects it. The pressed control takes
+keyboard focus (a ring around the track); ArrowLeft/Right (or Up/Down) then
+move the selection through the enabled segments, wrapping, and Home and End
+jump to the ends.
+
+```ts
+const segmented = new UIKitSegmentedOverlay(font, units)
+segmented.addSegmented({
+  id: 'view',
+  x: 12,
+  y: 52,
+  segments: [
+    { value: 'axial', label: 'Axial' },
+    { value: 'mpr', label: 'MPR' },
+    { value: 'render', label: 'Render', enabled: false },
+  ],
+  value: 'mpr',
+  onChange: (value) => { /* apply the view */ },
+})
+segmented.setValue('view', 'axial') // silent
+segmented.select('view', 'axial') // as the user would: fires onChange
+```
+
+`segmentWidth` fixes every segment's width instead of fitting the widest label;
+`SegmentedStyle` holds the track fill and border, inset, radius, the selected,
+hover and pressed faces, text colors and size, the divider and the focus ring.
+
+## Number inputs
+
+`UIKitNumberInputOverlay` draws a bordered field showing a number, with a
+two-button spinner at its right end and an optional label to its left. A
+press on the text takes keyboard focus and selects the whole number, so typing
+replaces it; a second press places the caret and dragging selects. Typed text
+is checked on every keystroke (the border turns `invalidBorder` while it is
+not a number) and `onInput` fires whenever it means a new valid number. Enter
+commits, Escape reverts to the committed value, and losing focus commits, as
+does every step: ArrowUp/Down (Shift: ten steps), PageUp/PageDown, the spinner
+buttons and the wheel over a focused field. A committed value is clamped to
+`[min, max]` (either end optional) and snapped to `step` (counted from `min`,
+or 0), and `onChange` fires once per committed change. The field shows only
+the glyphs that fit, scrolled by whole glyphs to keep the caret in view.
+
+```ts
+const numbers = new UIKitNumberInputOverlay(font, units)
+numbers.addNumberInput({
+  id: 'elevation',
+  label: 'Elevation',
+  x: 250,
+  y: 172,
+  width: 80, // the field; the label adds to it
+  min: -90,
+  max: 90,
+  step: 5,
+  value: 10,
+  format: (v) => `${v}`, // optional; default shows the step's decimals
+  onInput: (v) => { nv.elevation = v }, // each new valid number while typing, each step
+  onChange: (v) => save(v), // once per committed change
+})
+numbers.setValue('elevation', 0) // silent
+numbers.getValue('elevation') // the committed value
+numbers.getText('elevation') // what the field shows, edit in progress included
+```
+
+`NumberInputStyle` holds the field fill, hover and disabled fills, the border
+with its focus and invalid colors, text color and size, the label halo
+(`textOutlineWidth`, `textOutlineColor`), padding, the default `fieldWidth`,
+the spinner width, faces, dividers and chevrons, and the caret and selection
+colors. `parse` on a spec replaces the default `Number` parser. The overlay
+option `wheelStepPx` (default 40) is how many wheel pixels make one step.
+
+The editing itself is the shared model in `textEdit.ts`: a `TextEditState`
+(text, caret, selection anchor), `editKey` for the caret moves, Backspace,
+Delete, select-all and typed characters a key means, `caretIndexAt` for the
+pointer, and `textWindow`, which scrolls a field by whole glyphs through the
+scroll model. `textField.ts` turns that state into the selection, text and
+caret geometry of any field. Text inputs reuse both. Like the other widget
+models they are package-private; only the `TextEditState` and
+`TextFieldStyle` types are exported.
+
+## Text inputs
+
+`UIKitTextInputOverlay` draws a bordered single-line field with an optional
+label and a dimmed placeholder while it is empty. A press takes keyboard
+focus and places the caret at the pointer, dragging selects, and a second
+press within the double-click interval selects all. The arrows, Home and End
+move the caret (Shift extends the selection, Meta or Ctrl jumps to the ends),
+Backspace and Delete edit, Meta or Ctrl plus A selects all. `onInput` fires
+on every keystroke that changes the text. Enter commits the text (firing
+`onChange` when it differs from the committed text) and then fires `onSubmit`
+whether or not it changed; Escape reverts to the committed text; losing focus
+commits. Long text scrolls by whole glyphs to keep the caret in view.
+
+Meta or Ctrl plus C, X and V copy, cut and paste the selection through a
+`ClipboardBridge` (the browser's async clipboard unless the overlay's
+`clipboard` option supplies one; see "Host bridges" below). A pasted text
+loses its line breaks, and the spec's `accept` and `maxLength` apply to it.
+A host that handles the DOM paste event itself can call `paste(text)`
+instead. No DOM input backs the field, so there is no IME composition. Tab
+and other keys the field does not use fall through to the host.
+
+```ts
+const texts = new UIKitTextInputOverlay(font, units)
+texts.addTextInput({
+  id: 'command',
+  label: 'niimath',
+  x: 12,
+  y: 340,
+  width: 220, // the field; the label adds to it
+  placeholder: '-sqr -add 2',
+  maxLength: 200,
+  accept: (ch) => ch !== '\t', // optional keyboard filter
+  onInput: (text) => preview(text), // every change
+  onChange: (text) => save(text), // Enter or blur, when changed
+  onSubmit: (text) => run(text), // Enter, always
+})
+texts.setValue('command', '') // silent
+texts.getValue('command') // the committed text
+texts.getText('command') // what the field shows, edit in progress included
+```
+
+`TextInputStyle` holds the field fill, hover and disabled fills, the border
+and its focus color, text, placeholder and disabled text colors, the label
+halo (`textOutlineWidth`, `textOutlineColor`), padding, the default
+`fieldWidth`, and the caret and selection colors. The overlay options take
+`doubleClickMs` (default 400) and a `now` clock for it.
+
+## Text areas
+
+`UIKitTextAreaOverlay` draws a bordered field of a fixed number of rows with
+an optional label above it. Text soft-wraps at the field's width (after the
+last space that fits, else by glyph) and scrolls by whole rows through the
+shared scroll model, with a scrollbar once the rows overflow: the wheel
+scrolls a hovered area, and the caret is kept in view while editing. A press
+takes keyboard focus and places the caret at the pointer, dragging selects
+across rows, and a second press within the double-click interval selects
+all. Enter inserts a newline; the arrows move by glyph and by row (a run of
+vertical moves keeps its column), Home and End move within the row, PageUp
+and PageDown move by a page of rows, and Meta or Ctrl jumps to the text's
+ends. Shift extends the selection; Backspace, Delete and Meta or Ctrl plus A
+come from the single-line model. `onInput` fires on every keystroke that
+changes the text. Meta or Ctrl plus Enter commits (firing `onChange` when the
+text changed) and then fires `onSubmit`; Escape reverts to the committed
+text; losing focus commits.
+
+Copy, cut and paste work as in the text input, through the same
+`ClipboardBridge`; a pasted text keeps its line breaks (CRLF becomes LF).
+There is no IME composition.
+
+```ts
+const areas = new UIKitTextAreaOverlay(font, units)
+areas.addTextArea({
+  id: 'notes',
+  label: 'Notes',
+  x: 12,
+  y: 540,
+  width: 300,
+  rows: 4, // visible rows; longer text scrolls
+  placeholder: 'Findings...',
+  maxLength: 2000,
+  onInput: (text) => preview(text), // every change
+  onChange: (text) => save(text), // Meta/Ctrl+Enter or blur, when changed
+  onSubmit: (text) => run(text), // Meta/Ctrl+Enter, always
+})
+areas.setValue('notes', '') // silent
+areas.getValue('notes') // the committed text
+areas.getText('notes') // what the field shows, edit in progress included
+areas.getFirstRow('notes') // the scroll position, in rows
+```
+
+`TextAreaStyle` adds to the text-input knobs a `lineHeight` (rows are
+`textSizePx * lineHeight`, default 1.4), the default `rows`, and the
+scrollbar's `scrollbarWidth`, `scrollbarGap`, `scrollbarColor` and
+`scrollbarTrackColor`. The pure model (`wrapRows`, `rowOfCaret`,
+`moveCaretRows`, `textAreaKey`) is package-private; hosts that lay out
+multi-line text themselves should ask for it to be exported.
+
+## Color controls
+
+`UIKitColorControlOverlay` edits a color the way the legacy demos do, with
+channel sliders and named palette choices rather than a browser color picker.
+Each control shows a preview swatch (over a grey backdrop, so a translucent
+color shows its alpha), a stack of R, G and B sliders (and A with `alpha`)
+composed from a slider overlay, and a row of palette swatches that wraps to
+the control's width. Dragging a slider, or pressing an arrow, Home, End or
+Page key on the focused one, changes a channel; pressing a swatch sets the
+whole color, and the swatch matching the current color wears a ring.
+`onInput` fires on every change and `onChange` once per committed one (a
+slider release, a key press, a swatch press).
+
+```ts
+const colors = new UIKitColorControlOverlay(font, units)
+colors.addColorControl({
+  id: 'crosshair',
+  label: 'Crosshair',
+  x: 12,
+  y: 380,
+  width: 220,
+  value: [1, 0, 0, 1],
+  alpha: false,
+  palette: [
+    { name: 'Red', color: [1, 0, 0, 1] },
+    { name: 'Green', color: [0, 1, 0, 1] },
+    { name: 'White', color: [1, 1, 1, 1] },
+  ],
+  onInput: (c) => { nv.crosshairColor = c },
+  onChange: (c) => save(c),
+})
+colors.setValue('crosshair', [0, 1, 0, 1]) // silent
+colors.getValue('crosshair')
+```
+
+`ColorControlStyle` holds the text color and size with the label halo
+(`textOutlineWidth`, `textOutlineColor`), the preview size, radius, border
+and backdrop, the gaps, `slider` overrides for the channel sliders, and the
+swatch size, gap, radius, border and the selected and hover rings.
+
+## Host bridges: file pickers, downloads and the clipboard
+
+Opening a file chooser, saving a download and reaching the clipboard are the
+things a canvas widget cannot do by itself. UIKit keeps the affordance and
+its state on the canvas and hands the browser-only step to a host bridge:
+`FilePickerBridge` opens the chooser and resolves with the files (an empty
+array on cancel; where the browser has no `cancel` event, once the window
+has had focus back for a second with no pick), `DownloadBridge` saves a blob
+under a name (revoking its object URL well after the click), and
+`ClipboardBridge` writes text and reads it back (`read` resolves empty when
+the host refuses). `createBrowserFilePicker()`, `createBrowserDownload()`
+and `createBrowserClipboard()` are the browser implementations (a hidden
+`<input type="file">`, a temporary anchor over an object URL,
+`navigator.clipboard`); each takes the browser object as a parameter so a
+test or another host can supply its own. Browsers only open a chooser or
+grant the clipboard inside a user activation, so call a bridge synchronously
+from a click, menu or key handler, as the widgets do. The text input and
+text area create the browser clipboard on first use unless their `clipboard`
+option names another bridge.
+
+`UIKitFilePickerOverlay` is the canvas half of `<input type="file">`: a push
+button ("Choose file...") composed from a button overlay beside a readout of
+what was chosen ("No file chosen", one name, or "3 files"; a long name keeps
+its tail behind leading dots). Pressing the button, Enter or Space on it, or
+`open(id)` asks the bridge with the spec's `accept`, `multiple` and
+`directory`; the picker then shows the names and fires `onPick`, or
+`onCancel` when the chooser closed empty. The browser bridge adds the last
+part of a multi-part extension to `accept` (`.nii.gz` brings `.gz`), since
+Chrome's chooser on macOS matches only that part and would grey the files
+out; other files ending in it (a `.tar.gz`) are then offered too.
+
+```ts
+import {
+  acceptExtensions,
+  createBrowserDownload,
+  UIKitFilePickerOverlay,
+} from '@niivue/uikit'
+
+const pickers = new UIKitFilePickerOverlay(font, units) // pickFiles: a custom bridge
+pickers.addFilePicker({
+  id: 'volume',
+  label: 'Open volume...',
+  x: 12,
+  y: 480,
+  width: 300,
+  accept: acceptExtensions(['nii', 'nii.gz', 'mgz']),
+  onPick: ([file]) => nv.loadVolumes([{ url: file, colormap: 'Gray' }]),
+})
+pickers.setFiles('volume', ['mni152.nii.gz']) // silent
+pickers.getFiles('volume') // the shown names
+
+const download = createBrowserDownload()
+menus.addMenu({ id: 'file', label: 'File', x: 12, y: 12, items: [
+  { id: 'export', label: 'Export settings', onSelect: () =>
+    download(new Blob([JSON.stringify(settings)], { type: 'application/json' }), 'settings.json') },
+]})
+```
+
+`FilePickerStyle` holds the `button` overrides, the gap, the readout colors
+(chosen, empty and disabled), size and halo, and the default readout width.
+
+## Dialogs
+
+`UIKitDialogOverlay` holds dialogs that open one at a time. An open dialog is
+modal: a scrim covers the canvas, the panel (centered, or placed at the spec's
+`x`, `y`) shows a title, a message wrapped to the panel width (`\n` forces a
+line), a content box `contentHeight` tall for hosted widgets, and a row of
+right-aligned action buttons. Pressing a button closes the dialog and fires
+`onClose` with that button's id. Enter presses the button with the `default`
+role (drawn in the accent style), Escape the one with the `cancel` role, or
+closes with a null result when there is none. A press on the scrim closes with
+null only when `closeOnScrim` is set; otherwise it does nothing, and every
+other pointer, wheel and key event is swallowed while the dialog is open.
+
+Hosted widgets are ordinary overlays (text inputs, number inputs, toggles,
+selects, ...) added with `addChild`: while the dialog is open it routes
+events among them like a control layer (a press captures and focuses, a
+modal child such as an open select sees everything first) and draws them over
+the panel. A focused child keeps the keys it takes: Enter submits the dialog
+only from a child whose `submitsForm` says so (a text or number input's
+Enter, a text area's Meta or Ctrl plus Enter), so a text area's Enter is a new
+line and a select's opens its list. They must use the same units as the dialog. `onLayout` reports the
+panel and content boxes in spec units whenever the panel is placed (the first
+draw, a resize), which is where to position them. A dialog is not a popup: a
+press elsewhere in the page only blurs its children, so a window blur never
+closes a half-filled form. Keys with Meta or Ctrl held that the form does not
+use (reload, find, zoom) pass through to the browser. The dialog owns what it hosts: `removeDialog` and
+`destroy` release the children's GPU resources along with the action
+buttons, so `controls.destroy()` tears a whole form down; `removeChild`
+first to keep a child alive.
+
+```ts
+const dialogs = new UIKitDialogOverlay(font, units)
+const fields = new UIKitTextInputOverlay(font, units)
+controls.add(dialogs) // the dialog hosts `fields`; do not add them to the layer
+dialogs.addDialog({
+  id: 'rename',
+  title: 'Rename volume',
+  message: 'The name shows in the layer list and in exports.',
+  contentHeight: 36,
+  buttons: [
+    { id: 'cancel', label: 'Cancel', role: 'cancel' },
+    { id: 'ok', label: 'Rename', role: 'default' },
+  ],
+  onLayout: ({ content }) => {
+    fields.updateTextInput('name', { x: content.x, y: content.y + 4 })
+  },
+  onClose: (result) => {
+    if (result === 'ok') rename(fields.getValue('name'))
+  },
+})
+dialogs.addChild('rename', fields)
+fields.addTextInput({ id: 'name', x: 0, y: 0, width: 300, value: 'mni152' })
+dialogs.open('rename')
+dialogs.click('ok') // as the user would: closes and fires onClose('ok')
+dialogs.close('cancel') // from code, with any result
+```
+
+`DialogStyle` holds the scrim color, the panel fill, border and radius, its
+default `width`, `padding` and `gap`, the title and message colors and sizes,
+the message `lineHeight`, the `buttonGap`, and `button` and `defaultButton`
+overrides of the button style.
+
+## Demo pages
+
+`bunx nx dev uikit` serves the package's own demo pages with Vite; the dev
+server also mounts `@niivue/dev-images`, so the pages can load real volumes
+from `/volumes/...`. Each page's nav links to the others.
+
+| Page | Shows |
+| --- | --- |
+| `index.html` | The ruler on a blank pane |
+| `volume.html` | The ruler over a NiiVue volume, measuring in millimetres from the slice pick |
+| `slide.html` | The ruler over a Deep Zoom slide in the 3D render tile, measuring in screen pixels |
+| `slide-wsi.html` | The ruler on the standalone WSI viewer with a DICOM whole-slide image |
+| `buttons.html` | `UIKitButtonOverlay` on its own: view buttons, a toggling label and a styled reset |
+| `controls.html` | Every widget on one `UIKitControls` layer over a volume: a menu bar, segmented control, select, toggles, sliders, number and text inputs, a text area, a color control, a file picker and a dialog |
+
+## Conventions for contributors
+
+- **A widget is a model file plus an overlay file.** `foo.ts` holds the pure
+  model: the `FooSpec` and `FooStyle` interfaces, `DEFAULT_FOO_STYLE`,
+  `resolveFooStyle`, `layoutFoo` (spec to boxes), `scaleFoo` (spec and style
+  into device pixels for `cssUnits`), `fooContains` (hit test) and `buildFoo`
+  (layout and state to line, text and rect draw data). It imports no GPU code
+  and is tested in `foo.test.ts` without one. `fooOverlay.ts` holds
+  `UIKitFooOverlay`: it keeps the specs and interaction state, implements
+  `UIKitInteractive` (`hitTest`, the pointer methods, `keyDown`, `wheel` where
+  it scrolls, `blur`, `bindLayer`) and draws through the lifecycle hook.
+  `fooOverlay.test.ts` drives it through those methods with a stub renderer.
+  (The select is the exception: `select.ts` is helper functions that turn a
+  `SelectSpec` into a menu spec, and its overlay wraps a menu overlay.)
+- **Overlays share the primitives.** Draw through `UIKitRectOverlay`,
+  `UIKitLineOverlay` and `UIKitTextOverlay` (and the `render/` renderers under
+  them); a composite widget composes another overlay (the file picker holds a
+  button overlay, the color control a slider overlay, the select a menu
+  overlay) rather than redrawing it.
+- **Shared behaviour lives in shared models.** Row scrolling is `scroll.ts`,
+  single-line editing `textEdit.ts` and `textField.ts`, multi-line editing
+  `textArea.ts`, text wrapping `wrapText` in `dialog.ts`. Extend those before
+  adding a widget-local copy.
+- **Browser-only steps are host bridges in `host.ts`.** A widget never touches
+  the DOM, the clipboard or a download itself: it calls a bridge type
+  (`FilePickerBridge`, `DownloadBridge`, `ClipboardBridge`) that the overlay
+  option names and `createBrowser*` implements, so tests and non-browser hosts
+  supply their own.
+- **Callbacks follow one contract.** `onInput` fires on every user change,
+  `onChange` once per committed change, `onSubmit` on an explicit submit;
+  setters from code (`setValue`, `setChecked`, `setItemChecked`) are silent.
+  Every callback receives the widget id last.
+- **Units.** Specs and styles are canvas pixels unless the overlay was made
+  with `cssUnits`, in which case the overlay scales them by the device pixel
+  ratio at draw time; widgets hosted by a dialog must use the dialog's units.
+- **Export the overlay, its options type, the spec and style types and the
+  default style from `src/index.ts`** (the one permitted barrel). The pure
+  model (layout, build, hit-test and state helpers) stays package-private:
+  it is exercised by the widget's own tests and is not an API. Add the widget
+  to the table at the top of this file and to `controls.html`.