@niicojs/excel 0.3.1 → 0.3.2

package/src/styles.ts

@@ -1,819 +1,819 @@
-import type { CellStyle, BorderType } from './types';
-import { parseXml, findElement, getChildren, getAttr, XmlNode, stringifyXml, createElement } from './utils/xml';
-
-/**
- * Excel built-in number format IDs (0-163 are reserved).
- * These formats don't need to be defined in the numFmts element.
- */
-const BUILTIN_NUM_FMTS: Map<string, number> = new Map([
-  ['General', 0],
-  ['0', 1],
-  ['0.00', 2],
-  ['#,##0', 3],
-  ['#,##0.00', 4],
-  ['0%', 9],
-  ['0.00%', 10],
-  ['0.00E+00', 11],
-  ['# ?/?', 12],
-  ['# ??/??', 13],
-  ['mm-dd-yy', 14],
-  ['d-mmm-yy', 15],
-  ['d-mmm', 16],
-  ['mmm-yy', 17],
-  ['h:mm AM/PM', 18],
-  ['h:mm:ss AM/PM', 19],
-  ['h:mm', 20],
-  ['h:mm:ss', 21],
-  ['m/d/yy h:mm', 22],
-  ['#,##0 ;(#,##0)', 37],
-  ['#,##0 ;[Red](#,##0)', 38],
-  ['#,##0.00;(#,##0.00)', 39],
-  ['#,##0.00;[Red](#,##0.00)', 40],
-  ['mm:ss', 45],
-  ['[h]:mm:ss', 46],
-  ['mmss.0', 47],
-  ['##0.0E+0', 48],
-  ['@', 49],
-]);
-
-/**
- * Reverse lookup: built-in format ID -> format code
- */
-const BUILTIN_NUM_FMT_CODES: Map<number, string> = new Map(
-  Array.from(BUILTIN_NUM_FMTS.entries()).map(([code, id]) => [id, code]),
-);
-
-/**
- * Normalize a color to ARGB format (8 hex chars).
- * Accepts: "#RGB", "#RRGGBB", "RGB", "RRGGBB", "AARRGGBB", "#AARRGGBB"
- */
-const normalizeColor = (color: string): string => {
-  let c = color.replace(/^#/, '').toUpperCase();
-
-  // Handle shorthand 3-char format (e.g., "FFF" -> "FFFFFF")
-  if (c.length === 3) {
-    c = c[0] + c[0] + c[1] + c[1] + c[2] + c[2];
-  }
-
-  // Add alpha channel if not present (6 chars -> 8 chars)
-  if (c.length === 6) {
-    c = 'FF' + c;
-  }
-
-  return c;
-};
-
-interface StyleColor {
-  rgb?: string;
-  theme?: string;
-  tint?: string;
-  indexed?: string;
-}
-
-/**
- * Manages the styles (xl/styles.xml)
- */
-export class Styles {
-  private _numFmts: Map<number, string> = new Map();
-  private _fonts: StyleFont[] = [];
-  private _fills: StyleFill[] = [];
-  private _borders: StyleBorder[] = [];
-  private _cellXfs: CellXf[] = []; // Cell formats (combined style index)
-  private _xmlNodes: XmlNode[] | null = null;
-  private _dirty = false;
-
-  // Cache for style deduplication
-  private _styleCache: Map<string, number> = new Map();
-  private _styleObjectCache: Map<number, CellStyle> = new Map();
-
-  /**
-   * Generate a deterministic cache key for a style object.
-   * More efficient than JSON.stringify as it avoids the overhead of
-   * full JSON serialization and produces a consistent key regardless
-   * of property order.
-   */
-  private _getStyleKey(style: CellStyle): string {
-    // Use a delimiter that won't appear in values
-    const SEP = '\x00';
-
-    // Build key from all style properties in a fixed order
-    const parts: string[] = [
-      style.bold ? '1' : '0',
-      style.italic ? '1' : '0',
-      style.underline === true ? '1' : style.underline === 'single' ? 's' : style.underline === 'double' ? 'd' : '0',
-      style.strike ? '1' : '0',
-      style.fontSize?.toString() ?? '',
-      style.fontName ?? '',
-      style.fontColor ?? '',
-      style.fontColorTheme?.toString() ?? '',
-      style.fontColorTint?.toString() ?? '',
-      style.fontColorIndexed?.toString() ?? '',
-      style.fill ?? '',
-      style.fillTheme?.toString() ?? '',
-      style.fillTint?.toString() ?? '',
-      style.fillIndexed?.toString() ?? '',
-      style.fillBgColor ?? '',
-      style.fillBgTheme?.toString() ?? '',
-      style.fillBgTint?.toString() ?? '',
-      style.fillBgIndexed?.toString() ?? '',
-      style.numberFormat ?? '',
-    ];
-
-    // Border properties
-    if (style.border) {
-      parts.push(style.border.top ?? '', style.border.bottom ?? '', style.border.left ?? '', style.border.right ?? '');
-    } else {
-      parts.push('', '', '', '');
-    }
-
-    // Alignment properties
-    if (style.alignment) {
-      parts.push(
-        style.alignment.horizontal ?? '',
-        style.alignment.vertical ?? '',
-        style.alignment.wrapText ? '1' : '0',
-        style.alignment.textRotation?.toString() ?? '',
-      );
-    } else {
-      parts.push('', '', '0', '');
-    }
-
-    return parts.join(SEP);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Parse styles from XML content
-   */
-  static parse(xml: string): Styles {
-    const styles = new Styles();
-    styles._xmlNodes = parseXml(xml);
-
-    const styleSheet = findElement(styles._xmlNodes, 'styleSheet');
-    if (!styleSheet) return styles;
-
-    const children = getChildren(styleSheet, 'styleSheet');
-
-    // Parse number formats
-    const numFmts = findElement(children, 'numFmts');
-    if (numFmts) {
-      for (const child of getChildren(numFmts, 'numFmts')) {
-        if ('numFmt' in child) {
-          const id = parseInt(getAttr(child, 'numFmtId') || '0', 10);
-          const code = getAttr(child, 'formatCode') || '';
-          styles._numFmts.set(id, code);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Parse fonts
-    const fonts = findElement(children, 'fonts');
-    if (fonts) {
-      for (const child of getChildren(fonts, 'fonts')) {
-        if ('font' in child) {
-          styles._fonts.push(styles._parseFont(child));
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Parse fills
-    const fills = findElement(children, 'fills');
-    if (fills) {
-      for (const child of getChildren(fills, 'fills')) {
-        if ('fill' in child) {
-          styles._fills.push(styles._parseFill(child));
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Parse borders
-    const borders = findElement(children, 'borders');
-    if (borders) {
-      for (const child of getChildren(borders, 'borders')) {
-        if ('border' in child) {
-          styles._borders.push(styles._parseBorder(child));
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Parse cellXfs (cell formats)
-    const cellXfs = findElement(children, 'cellXfs');
-    if (cellXfs) {
-      for (const child of getChildren(cellXfs, 'cellXfs')) {
-        if ('xf' in child) {
-          styles._cellXfs.push(styles._parseCellXf(child));
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    return styles;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Create an empty styles object with defaults
-   */
-  static createDefault(): Styles {
-    const styles = new Styles();
-
-    // Default font (Calibri 11)
-    styles._fonts.push({
-      bold: false,
-      italic: false,
-      underline: false,
-      strike: false,
-      size: 11,
-      name: 'Calibri',
-      color: undefined,
-    });
-
-    // Default fills (none and gray125 pattern are required)
-    styles._fills.push({ type: 'none' });
-    styles._fills.push({ type: 'gray125' });
-
-    // Default border (none)
-    styles._borders.push({});
-
-    // Default cell format
-    styles._cellXfs.push({
-      fontId: 0,
-      fillId: 0,
-      borderId: 0,
-      numFmtId: 0,
-    });
-
-    return styles;
-  }
-
-  private _parseFont(node: XmlNode): StyleFont {
-    const font: StyleFont = {
-      bold: false,
-      italic: false,
-      underline: false,
-      strike: false,
-    };
-
-    const children = getChildren(node, 'font');
-    for (const child of children) {
-      if ('b' in child) font.bold = true;
-      if ('i' in child) font.italic = true;
-      if ('u' in child) font.underline = true;
-      if ('strike' in child) font.strike = true;
-      if ('sz' in child) font.size = parseFloat(getAttr(child, 'val') || '11');
-      if ('name' in child) font.name = getAttr(child, 'val');
-      if ('color' in child) {
-        const color: StyleColor = {};
-        const rgb = getAttr(child, 'rgb');
-        const theme = getAttr(child, 'theme');
-        const tint = getAttr(child, 'tint');
-        const indexed = getAttr(child, 'indexed');
-        if (rgb) color.rgb = rgb;
-        if (theme) color.theme = theme;
-        if (tint) color.tint = tint;
-        if (indexed) color.indexed = indexed;
-        if (color.rgb || color.theme || color.tint || color.indexed) {
-          font.color = color;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    return font;
-  }
-
-  private _parseFill(node: XmlNode): StyleFill {
-    const fill: StyleFill = { type: 'none' };
-    const children = getChildren(node, 'fill');
-
-    for (const child of children) {
-      if ('patternFill' in child) {
-        const pattern = getAttr(child, 'patternType');
-        fill.type = pattern || 'none';
-
-        const pfChildren = getChildren(child, 'patternFill');
-        for (const pfChild of pfChildren) {
-          if ('fgColor' in pfChild) {
-            const color: StyleColor = {};
-            const rgb = getAttr(pfChild, 'rgb');
-            const theme = getAttr(pfChild, 'theme');
-            const tint = getAttr(pfChild, 'tint');
-            const indexed = getAttr(pfChild, 'indexed');
-            if (rgb) color.rgb = rgb;
-            if (theme) color.theme = theme;
-            if (tint) color.tint = tint;
-            if (indexed) color.indexed = indexed;
-            if (color.rgb || color.theme || color.tint || color.indexed) {
-              fill.fgColor = color;
-            }
-          }
-          if ('bgColor' in pfChild) {
-            const color: StyleColor = {};
-            const rgb = getAttr(pfChild, 'rgb');
-            const theme = getAttr(pfChild, 'theme');
-            const tint = getAttr(pfChild, 'tint');
-            const indexed = getAttr(pfChild, 'indexed');
-            if (rgb) color.rgb = rgb;
-            if (theme) color.theme = theme;
-            if (tint) color.tint = tint;
-            if (indexed) color.indexed = indexed;
-            if (color.rgb || color.theme || color.tint || color.indexed) {
-              fill.bgColor = color;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    return fill;
-  }
-
-  private _parseBorder(node: XmlNode): StyleBorder {
-    const border: StyleBorder = {};
-    const children = getChildren(node, 'border');
-
-    for (const child of children) {
-      const style = getAttr(child, 'style') as BorderType | undefined;
-      if ('left' in child && style) border.left = style;
-      if ('right' in child && style) border.right = style;
-      if ('top' in child && style) border.top = style;
-      if ('bottom' in child && style) border.bottom = style;
-    }
-
-    return border;
-  }
-
-  private _parseCellXf(node: XmlNode): CellXf {
-    return {
-      fontId: parseInt(getAttr(node, 'fontId') || '0', 10),
-      fillId: parseInt(getAttr(node, 'fillId') || '0', 10),
-      borderId: parseInt(getAttr(node, 'borderId') || '0', 10),
-      numFmtId: parseInt(getAttr(node, 'numFmtId') || '0', 10),
-      alignment: this._parseAlignment(node),
-    };
-  }
-
-  private _parseAlignment(node: XmlNode): AlignmentStyle | undefined {
-    const children = getChildren(node, 'xf');
-    const alignNode = findElement(children, 'alignment');
-    if (!alignNode) return undefined;
-
-    return {
-      horizontal: getAttr(alignNode, 'horizontal') as AlignmentStyle['horizontal'],
-      vertical: getAttr(alignNode, 'vertical') as AlignmentStyle['vertical'],
-      wrapText: getAttr(alignNode, 'wrapText') === '1',
-      textRotation: parseInt(getAttr(alignNode, 'textRotation') || '0', 10),
-    };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Get a style by index
-   */
-  getStyle(index: number): CellStyle {
-    const cached = this._styleObjectCache.get(index);
-    if (cached) return { ...cached };
-
-    const xf = this._cellXfs[index];
-    if (!xf) return {};
-
-    const font = this._fonts[xf.fontId];
-    const fill = this._fills[xf.fillId];
-    const border = this._borders[xf.borderId];
-    // Check custom formats first, then fall back to built-in format codes
-    const numFmt = this._numFmts.get(xf.numFmtId) ?? BUILTIN_NUM_FMT_CODES.get(xf.numFmtId);
-
-    const style: CellStyle = {};
-
-    if (font) {
-      if (font.bold) style.bold = true;
-      if (font.italic) style.italic = true;
-      if (font.underline) style.underline = true;
-      if (font.strike) style.strike = true;
-      if (font.size) style.fontSize = font.size;
-      if (font.name) style.fontName = font.name;
-      if (font.color?.rgb) style.fontColor = font.color.rgb;
-      if (font.color?.theme) style.fontColorTheme = Number(font.color.theme);
-      if (font.color?.tint) style.fontColorTint = Number(font.color.tint);
-      if (font.color?.indexed) style.fontColorIndexed = Number(font.color.indexed);
-    }
-
-    if (fill && fill.fgColor) {
-      if (fill.fgColor.rgb) style.fill = fill.fgColor.rgb;
-      if (fill.fgColor.theme) style.fillTheme = Number(fill.fgColor.theme);
-      if (fill.fgColor.tint) style.fillTint = Number(fill.fgColor.tint);
-      if (fill.fgColor.indexed) style.fillIndexed = Number(fill.fgColor.indexed);
-    }
-
-    if (fill && fill.bgColor) {
-      if (fill.bgColor.rgb) style.fillBgColor = fill.bgColor.rgb;
-      if (fill.bgColor.theme) style.fillBgTheme = Number(fill.bgColor.theme);
-      if (fill.bgColor.tint) style.fillBgTint = Number(fill.bgColor.tint);
-      if (fill.bgColor.indexed) style.fillBgIndexed = Number(fill.bgColor.indexed);
-    }
-
-    if (border) {
-      if (border.top || border.bottom || border.left || border.right) {
-        style.border = {
-          top: border.top,
-          bottom: border.bottom,
-          left: border.left,
-          right: border.right,
-        };
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (numFmt) {
-      style.numberFormat = numFmt;
-    }
-
-    if (xf.alignment) {
-      style.alignment = {
-        horizontal: xf.alignment.horizontal,
-        vertical: xf.alignment.vertical,
-        wrapText: xf.alignment.wrapText,
-        textRotation: xf.alignment.textRotation,
-      };
-    }
-
-    this._styleObjectCache.set(index, { ...style });
-    return style;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Create a style and return its index
-   * Uses caching to deduplicate identical styles
-   */
-  createStyle(style: CellStyle): number {
-    const key = this._getStyleKey(style);
-    const cached = this._styleCache.get(key);
-    if (cached !== undefined) {
-      return cached;
-    }
-
-    this._dirty = true;
-
-    // Create or find font
-    const fontId = this._findOrCreateFont(style);
-
-    // Create or find fill
-    const fillId = this._findOrCreateFill(style);
-
-    // Create or find border
-    const borderId = this._findOrCreateBorder(style);
-
-    // Create or find number format
-    const numFmtId = style.numberFormat ? this._findOrCreateNumFmt(style.numberFormat) : 0;
-
-    // Create cell format
-    const xf: CellXf = {
-      fontId,
-      fillId,
-      borderId,
-      numFmtId,
-    };
-
-    if (style.alignment) {
-      xf.alignment = {
-        horizontal: style.alignment.horizontal,
-        vertical: style.alignment.vertical,
-        wrapText: style.alignment.wrapText,
-        textRotation: style.alignment.textRotation,
-      };
-    }
-
-    const index = this._cellXfs.length;
-    this._cellXfs.push(xf);
-    this._styleCache.set(key, index);
-    this._styleObjectCache.set(index, { ...style });
-
-    return index;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Clone an existing style by index, optionally overriding fields.
-   */
-  cloneStyle(index: number, overrides: Partial<CellStyle> = {}): number {
-    const baseStyle = this.getStyle(index);
-    return this.createStyle({ ...baseStyle, ...overrides });
-  }
-
-  private _findOrCreateFont(style: CellStyle): number {
-    const color = this._toStyleColor(
-      style.fontColor,
-      style.fontColorTheme,
-      style.fontColorTint,
-      style.fontColorIndexed,
-    );
-    const font: StyleFont = {
-      bold: style.bold || false,
-      italic: style.italic || false,
-      underline: style.underline === true || style.underline === 'single' || style.underline === 'double',
-      strike: style.strike || false,
-      size: style.fontSize,
-      name: style.fontName,
-      color,
-    };
-
-    // Try to find existing font
-    for (let i = 0; i < this._fonts.length; i++) {
-      const f = this._fonts[i];
-      if (
-        f.bold === font.bold &&
-        f.italic === font.italic &&
-        f.underline === font.underline &&
-        f.strike === font.strike &&
-        f.size === font.size &&
-        f.name === font.name &&
-        this._colorsEqual(f.color, font.color)
-      ) {
-        return i;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Create new font
-    this._fonts.push(font);
-    return this._fonts.length - 1;
-  }
-
-  private _findOrCreateFill(style: CellStyle): number {
-    const fgColor = this._toStyleColor(style.fill, style.fillTheme, style.fillTint, style.fillIndexed);
-    const bgColor = this._toStyleColor(style.fillBgColor, style.fillBgTheme, style.fillBgTint, style.fillBgIndexed);
-
-    if (!fgColor && !bgColor) return 0;
-
-    // Try to find existing fill
-    for (let i = 0; i < this._fills.length; i++) {
-      const f = this._fills[i];
-      if (this._colorsEqual(f.fgColor, fgColor) && this._colorsEqual(f.bgColor, bgColor)) {
-        return i;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Create new fill
-    this._fills.push({
-      type: 'solid',
-      fgColor: fgColor || undefined,
-      bgColor: bgColor || undefined,
-    });
-    return this._fills.length - 1;
-  }
-
-  private _findOrCreateBorder(style: CellStyle): number {
-    if (!style.border) return 0;
-
-    const border: StyleBorder = {
-      top: style.border.top,
-      bottom: style.border.bottom,
-      left: style.border.left,
-      right: style.border.right,
-    };
-
-    // Try to find existing border
-    for (let i = 0; i < this._borders.length; i++) {
-      const b = this._borders[i];
-      if (b.top === border.top && b.bottom === border.bottom && b.left === border.left && b.right === border.right) {
-        return i;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Create new border
-    this._borders.push(border);
-    return this._borders.length - 1;
-  }
-
-  private _findOrCreateNumFmt(format: string): number {
-    // Check built-in formats first (IDs 0-163)
-    const builtinId = BUILTIN_NUM_FMTS.get(format);
-    if (builtinId !== undefined) {
-      return builtinId;
-    }
-
-    // Check if already exists in custom formats
-    for (const [id, code] of this._numFmts) {
-      if (code === format) return id;
-    }
-
-    // Create new custom format (IDs 164+)
-    const existingIds = Array.from(this._numFmts.keys());
-    const id = existingIds.length > 0 ? Math.max(...existingIds) + 1 : 164;
-    this._numFmts.set(id, format);
-    return id;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Get or create a number format ID for the given format string.
-   * Returns built-in IDs (0-163) for standard formats, or creates custom IDs (164+).
-   * @param format - The number format string (e.g., '0.00', '#,##0', '$#,##0.00')
-   */
-  getOrCreateNumFmtId(format: string): number {
-    this._dirty = true;
-    return this._findOrCreateNumFmt(format);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Check if styles have been modified
-   */
-  get dirty(): boolean {
-    return this._dirty;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Generate XML for styles
-   */
-  toXml(): string {
-    const children: XmlNode[] = [];
-
-    // Number formats
-    if (this._numFmts.size > 0) {
-      const numFmtNodes: XmlNode[] = [];
-      for (const [id, code] of this._numFmts) {
-        numFmtNodes.push(createElement('numFmt', { numFmtId: String(id), formatCode: code }, []));
-      }
-      children.push(createElement('numFmts', { count: String(numFmtNodes.length) }, numFmtNodes));
-    }
-
-    // Fonts
-    const fontNodes: XmlNode[] = this._fonts.map((font) => this._buildFontNode(font));
-    children.push(createElement('fonts', { count: String(fontNodes.length) }, fontNodes));
-
-    // Fills
-    const fillNodes: XmlNode[] = this._fills.map((fill) => this._buildFillNode(fill));
-    children.push(createElement('fills', { count: String(fillNodes.length) }, fillNodes));
-
-    // Borders
-    const borderNodes: XmlNode[] = this._borders.map((border) => this._buildBorderNode(border));
-    children.push(createElement('borders', { count: String(borderNodes.length) }, borderNodes));
-
-    // Cell style xfs (required but we just add a default)
-    children.push(
-      createElement('cellStyleXfs', { count: '1' }, [
-        createElement('xf', { numFmtId: '0', fontId: '0', fillId: '0', borderId: '0' }, []),
-      ]),
-    );
-
-    // Cell xfs
-    const xfNodes: XmlNode[] = this._cellXfs.map((xf) => this._buildXfNode(xf));
-    children.push(createElement('cellXfs', { count: String(xfNodes.length) }, xfNodes));
-
-    // Cell styles (required)
-    children.push(
-      createElement('cellStyles', { count: '1' }, [
-        createElement('cellStyle', { name: 'Normal', xfId: '0', builtinId: '0' }, []),
-      ]),
-    );
-
-    const styleSheet = createElement(
-      'styleSheet',
-      { xmlns: 'http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main' },
-      children,
-    );
-
-    return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>\n${stringifyXml([styleSheet])}`;
-  }
-
-  private _buildFontNode(font: StyleFont): XmlNode {
-    const children: XmlNode[] = [];
-    if (font.bold) children.push(createElement('b', {}, []));
-    if (font.italic) children.push(createElement('i', {}, []));
-    if (font.underline) children.push(createElement('u', {}, []));
-    if (font.strike) children.push(createElement('strike', {}, []));
-    if (font.size) children.push(createElement('sz', { val: String(font.size) }, []));
-    if (font.color) {
-      const attrs: Record<string, string> = {};
-      if (font.color.rgb) attrs.rgb = normalizeColor(font.color.rgb);
-      if (font.color.theme) attrs.theme = font.color.theme;
-      if (font.color.tint) attrs.tint = font.color.tint;
-      if (font.color.indexed) attrs.indexed = font.color.indexed;
-      if (Object.keys(attrs).length > 0) {
-        children.push(createElement('color', attrs, []));
-      }
-    }
-    if (font.name) children.push(createElement('name', { val: font.name }, []));
-    return createElement('font', {}, children);
-  }
-
-  private _buildFillNode(fill: StyleFill): XmlNode {
-    const patternChildren: XmlNode[] = [];
-    if (fill.fgColor) {
-      const attrs: Record<string, string> = {};
-      if (fill.fgColor.rgb) attrs.rgb = normalizeColor(fill.fgColor.rgb);
-      if (fill.fgColor.theme) attrs.theme = fill.fgColor.theme;
-      if (fill.fgColor.tint) attrs.tint = fill.fgColor.tint;
-      if (fill.fgColor.indexed) attrs.indexed = fill.fgColor.indexed;
-      if (Object.keys(attrs).length > 0) {
-        patternChildren.push(createElement('fgColor', attrs, []));
-      }
-      // For solid fills, bgColor is required (indexed 64 = system background)
-      if (fill.type === 'solid' && !fill.bgColor) {
-        patternChildren.push(createElement('bgColor', { indexed: '64' }, []));
-      }
-    }
-    if (fill.bgColor) {
-      const attrs: Record<string, string> = {};
-      if (fill.bgColor.rgb) attrs.rgb = normalizeColor(fill.bgColor.rgb);
-      if (fill.bgColor.theme) attrs.theme = fill.bgColor.theme;
-      if (fill.bgColor.tint) attrs.tint = fill.bgColor.tint;
-      if (fill.bgColor.indexed) attrs.indexed = fill.bgColor.indexed;
-      if (Object.keys(attrs).length > 0) {
-        patternChildren.push(createElement('bgColor', attrs, []));
-      }
-    }
-    const patternFill = createElement('patternFill', { patternType: fill.type || 'none' }, patternChildren);
-    return createElement('fill', {}, [patternFill]);
-  }
-
-  private _toStyleColor(rgb?: string, theme?: number, tint?: number, indexed?: number): StyleColor | undefined {
-    if (rgb) {
-      return { rgb };
-    }
-    const color: StyleColor = {};
-    if (theme !== undefined) color.theme = String(theme);
-    if (tint !== undefined) color.tint = String(tint);
-    if (indexed !== undefined) color.indexed = String(indexed);
-    if (color.theme || color.tint || color.indexed) return color;
-    return undefined;
-  }
-
-  private _colorsEqual(a?: StyleColor, b?: StyleColor): boolean {
-    if (!a && !b) return true;
-    if (!a || !b) return false;
-    return a.rgb === b.rgb && a.theme === b.theme && a.tint === b.tint && a.indexed === b.indexed;
-  }
-
-  private _buildBorderNode(border: StyleBorder): XmlNode {
-    const children: XmlNode[] = [];
-    if (border.left) children.push(createElement('left', { style: border.left }, []));
-    if (border.right) children.push(createElement('right', { style: border.right }, []));
-    if (border.top) children.push(createElement('top', { style: border.top }, []));
-    if (border.bottom) children.push(createElement('bottom', { style: border.bottom }, []));
-    // Add empty elements if not present (required by Excel)
-    if (!border.left) children.push(createElement('left', {}, []));
-    if (!border.right) children.push(createElement('right', {}, []));
-    if (!border.top) children.push(createElement('top', {}, []));
-    if (!border.bottom) children.push(createElement('bottom', {}, []));
-    children.push(createElement('diagonal', {}, []));
-    return createElement('border', {}, children);
-  }
-
-  private _buildXfNode(xf: CellXf): XmlNode {
-    const attrs: Record<string, string> = {
-      numFmtId: String(xf.numFmtId),
-      fontId: String(xf.fontId),
-      fillId: String(xf.fillId),
-      borderId: String(xf.borderId),
-    };
-
-    if (xf.fontId > 0) attrs.applyFont = '1';
-    if (xf.fillId > 0) attrs.applyFill = '1';
-    if (xf.borderId > 0) attrs.applyBorder = '1';
-    if (xf.numFmtId > 0) attrs.applyNumberFormat = '1';
-
-    const children: XmlNode[] = [];
-    if (xf.alignment) {
-      const alignAttrs: Record<string, string> = {};
-      if (xf.alignment.horizontal) alignAttrs.horizontal = xf.alignment.horizontal;
-      if (xf.alignment.vertical) alignAttrs.vertical = xf.alignment.vertical;
-      if (xf.alignment.wrapText) alignAttrs.wrapText = '1';
-      if (xf.alignment.textRotation) alignAttrs.textRotation = String(xf.alignment.textRotation);
-      children.push(createElement('alignment', alignAttrs, []));
-      attrs.applyAlignment = '1';
-    }
-
-    return createElement('xf', attrs, children);
-  }
-}
-
-// Internal types for style components
-interface StyleFont {
-  bold: boolean;
-  italic: boolean;
-  underline: boolean;
-  strike: boolean;
-  size?: number;
-  name?: string;
-  color?: StyleColor;
-}
-
-interface StyleFill {
-  type: string;
-  fgColor?: StyleColor;
-  bgColor?: StyleColor;
-}
-
-interface StyleBorder {
-  top?: BorderType;
-  bottom?: BorderType;
-  left?: BorderType;
-  right?: BorderType;
-}
-
-interface CellXf {
-  fontId: number;
-  fillId: number;
-  borderId: number;
-  numFmtId: number;
-  alignment?: AlignmentStyle;
-}
-
-interface AlignmentStyle {
-  horizontal?: 'left' | 'center' | 'right' | 'justify';
-  vertical?: 'top' | 'middle' | 'bottom';
-  wrapText?: boolean;
-  textRotation?: number;
-}
+import type { CellStyle, BorderType } from './types';
+import { parseXml, findElement, getChildren, getAttr, XmlNode, stringifyXml, createElement } from './utils/xml';
+
+/**
+ * Excel built-in number format IDs (0-163 are reserved).
+ * These formats don't need to be defined in the numFmts element.
+ */
+const BUILTIN_NUM_FMTS: Map<string, number> = new Map([
+  ['General', 0],
+  ['0', 1],
+  ['0.00', 2],
+  ['#,##0', 3],
+  ['#,##0.00', 4],
+  ['0%', 9],
+  ['0.00%', 10],
+  ['0.00E+00', 11],
+  ['# ?/?', 12],
+  ['# ??/??', 13],
+  ['mm-dd-yy', 14],
+  ['d-mmm-yy', 15],
+  ['d-mmm', 16],
+  ['mmm-yy', 17],
+  ['h:mm AM/PM', 18],
+  ['h:mm:ss AM/PM', 19],
+  ['h:mm', 20],
+  ['h:mm:ss', 21],
+  ['m/d/yy h:mm', 22],
+  ['#,##0 ;(#,##0)', 37],
+  ['#,##0 ;[Red](#,##0)', 38],
+  ['#,##0.00;(#,##0.00)', 39],
+  ['#,##0.00;[Red](#,##0.00)', 40],
+  ['mm:ss', 45],
+  ['[h]:mm:ss', 46],
+  ['mmss.0', 47],
+  ['##0.0E+0', 48],
+  ['@', 49],
+]);
+
+/**
+ * Reverse lookup: built-in format ID -> format code
+ */
+const BUILTIN_NUM_FMT_CODES: Map<number, string> = new Map(
+  Array.from(BUILTIN_NUM_FMTS.entries()).map(([code, id]) => [id, code]),
+);
+
+/**
+ * Normalize a color to ARGB format (8 hex chars).
+ * Accepts: "#RGB", "#RRGGBB", "RGB", "RRGGBB", "AARRGGBB", "#AARRGGBB"
+ */
+const normalizeColor = (color: string): string => {
+  let c = color.replace(/^#/, '').toUpperCase();
+
+  // Handle shorthand 3-char format (e.g., "FFF" -> "FFFFFF")
+  if (c.length === 3) {
+    c = c[0] + c[0] + c[1] + c[1] + c[2] + c[2];
+  }
+
+  // Add alpha channel if not present (6 chars -> 8 chars)
+  if (c.length === 6) {
+    c = 'FF' + c;
+  }
+
+  return c;
+};
+
+interface StyleColor {
+  rgb?: string;
+  theme?: string;
+  tint?: string;
+  indexed?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Manages the styles (xl/styles.xml)
+ */
+export class Styles {
+  private _numFmts: Map<number, string> = new Map();
+  private _fonts: StyleFont[] = [];
+  private _fills: StyleFill[] = [];
+  private _borders: StyleBorder[] = [];
+  private _cellXfs: CellXf[] = []; // Cell formats (combined style index)
+  private _xmlNodes: XmlNode[] | null = null;
+  private _dirty = false;
+
+  // Cache for style deduplication
+  private _styleCache: Map<string, number> = new Map();
+  private _styleObjectCache: Map<number, CellStyle> = new Map();
+
+  /**
+   * Generate a deterministic cache key for a style object.
+   * More efficient than JSON.stringify as it avoids the overhead of
+   * full JSON serialization and produces a consistent key regardless
+   * of property order.
+   */
+  private _getStyleKey(style: CellStyle): string {
+    // Use a delimiter that won't appear in values
+    const SEP = '\x00';
+
+    // Build key from all style properties in a fixed order
+    const parts: string[] = [
+      style.bold ? '1' : '0',
+      style.italic ? '1' : '0',
+      style.underline === true ? '1' : style.underline === 'single' ? 's' : style.underline === 'double' ? 'd' : '0',
+      style.strike ? '1' : '0',
+      style.fontSize?.toString() ?? '',
+      style.fontName ?? '',
+      style.fontColor ?? '',
+      style.fontColorTheme?.toString() ?? '',
+      style.fontColorTint?.toString() ?? '',
+      style.fontColorIndexed?.toString() ?? '',
+      style.fill ?? '',
+      style.fillTheme?.toString() ?? '',
+      style.fillTint?.toString() ?? '',
+      style.fillIndexed?.toString() ?? '',
+      style.fillBgColor ?? '',
+      style.fillBgTheme?.toString() ?? '',
+      style.fillBgTint?.toString() ?? '',
+      style.fillBgIndexed?.toString() ?? '',
+      style.numberFormat ?? '',
+    ];
+
+    // Border properties
+    if (style.border) {
+      parts.push(style.border.top ?? '', style.border.bottom ?? '', style.border.left ?? '', style.border.right ?? '');
+    } else {
+      parts.push('', '', '', '');
+    }
+
+    // Alignment properties
+    if (style.alignment) {
+      parts.push(
+        style.alignment.horizontal ?? '',
+        style.alignment.vertical ?? '',
+        style.alignment.wrapText ? '1' : '0',
+        style.alignment.textRotation?.toString() ?? '',
+      );
+    } else {
+      parts.push('', '', '0', '');
+    }
+
+    return parts.join(SEP);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse styles from XML content
+   */
+  static parse(xml: string): Styles {
+    const styles = new Styles();
+    styles._xmlNodes = parseXml(xml);
+
+    const styleSheet = findElement(styles._xmlNodes, 'styleSheet');
+    if (!styleSheet) return styles;
+
+    const children = getChildren(styleSheet, 'styleSheet');
+
+    // Parse number formats
+    const numFmts = findElement(children, 'numFmts');
+    if (numFmts) {
+      for (const child of getChildren(numFmts, 'numFmts')) {
+        if ('numFmt' in child) {
+          const id = parseInt(getAttr(child, 'numFmtId') || '0', 10);
+          const code = getAttr(child, 'formatCode') || '';
+          styles._numFmts.set(id, code);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Parse fonts
+    const fonts = findElement(children, 'fonts');
+    if (fonts) {
+      for (const child of getChildren(fonts, 'fonts')) {
+        if ('font' in child) {
+          styles._fonts.push(styles._parseFont(child));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Parse fills
+    const fills = findElement(children, 'fills');
+    if (fills) {
+      for (const child of getChildren(fills, 'fills')) {
+        if ('fill' in child) {
+          styles._fills.push(styles._parseFill(child));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Parse borders
+    const borders = findElement(children, 'borders');
+    if (borders) {
+      for (const child of getChildren(borders, 'borders')) {
+        if ('border' in child) {
+          styles._borders.push(styles._parseBorder(child));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Parse cellXfs (cell formats)
+    const cellXfs = findElement(children, 'cellXfs');
+    if (cellXfs) {
+      for (const child of getChildren(cellXfs, 'cellXfs')) {
+        if ('xf' in child) {
+          styles._cellXfs.push(styles._parseCellXf(child));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return styles;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create an empty styles object with defaults
+   */
+  static createDefault(): Styles {
+    const styles = new Styles();
+
+    // Default font (Calibri 11)
+    styles._fonts.push({
+      bold: false,
+      italic: false,
+      underline: false,
+      strike: false,
+      size: 11,
+      name: 'Calibri',
+      color: undefined,
+    });
+
+    // Default fills (none and gray125 pattern are required)
+    styles._fills.push({ type: 'none' });
+    styles._fills.push({ type: 'gray125' });
+
+    // Default border (none)
+    styles._borders.push({});
+
+    // Default cell format
+    styles._cellXfs.push({
+      fontId: 0,
+      fillId: 0,
+      borderId: 0,
+      numFmtId: 0,
+    });
+
+    return styles;
+  }
+
+  private _parseFont(node: XmlNode): StyleFont {
+    const font: StyleFont = {
+      bold: false,
+      italic: false,
+      underline: false,
+      strike: false,
+    };
+
+    const children = getChildren(node, 'font');
+    for (const child of children) {
+      if ('b' in child) font.bold = true;
+      if ('i' in child) font.italic = true;
+      if ('u' in child) font.underline = true;
+      if ('strike' in child) font.strike = true;
+      if ('sz' in child) font.size = parseFloat(getAttr(child, 'val') || '11');
+      if ('name' in child) font.name = getAttr(child, 'val');
+      if ('color' in child) {
+        const color: StyleColor = {};
+        const rgb = getAttr(child, 'rgb');
+        const theme = getAttr(child, 'theme');
+        const tint = getAttr(child, 'tint');
+        const indexed = getAttr(child, 'indexed');
+        if (rgb) color.rgb = rgb;
+        if (theme) color.theme = theme;
+        if (tint) color.tint = tint;
+        if (indexed) color.indexed = indexed;
+        if (color.rgb || color.theme || color.tint || color.indexed) {
+          font.color = color;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return font;
+  }
+
+  private _parseFill(node: XmlNode): StyleFill {
+    const fill: StyleFill = { type: 'none' };
+    const children = getChildren(node, 'fill');
+
+    for (const child of children) {
+      if ('patternFill' in child) {
+        const pattern = getAttr(child, 'patternType');
+        fill.type = pattern || 'none';
+
+        const pfChildren = getChildren(child, 'patternFill');
+        for (const pfChild of pfChildren) {
+          if ('fgColor' in pfChild) {
+            const color: StyleColor = {};
+            const rgb = getAttr(pfChild, 'rgb');
+            const theme = getAttr(pfChild, 'theme');
+            const tint = getAttr(pfChild, 'tint');
+            const indexed = getAttr(pfChild, 'indexed');
+            if (rgb) color.rgb = rgb;
+            if (theme) color.theme = theme;
+            if (tint) color.tint = tint;
+            if (indexed) color.indexed = indexed;
+            if (color.rgb || color.theme || color.tint || color.indexed) {
+              fill.fgColor = color;
+            }
+          }
+          if ('bgColor' in pfChild) {
+            const color: StyleColor = {};
+            const rgb = getAttr(pfChild, 'rgb');
+            const theme = getAttr(pfChild, 'theme');
+            const tint = getAttr(pfChild, 'tint');
+            const indexed = getAttr(pfChild, 'indexed');
+            if (rgb) color.rgb = rgb;
+            if (theme) color.theme = theme;
+            if (tint) color.tint = tint;
+            if (indexed) color.indexed = indexed;
+            if (color.rgb || color.theme || color.tint || color.indexed) {
+              fill.bgColor = color;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return fill;
+  }
+
+  private _parseBorder(node: XmlNode): StyleBorder {
+    const border: StyleBorder = {};
+    const children = getChildren(node, 'border');
+
+    for (const child of children) {
+      const style = getAttr(child, 'style') as BorderType | undefined;
+      if ('left' in child && style) border.left = style;
+      if ('right' in child && style) border.right = style;
+      if ('top' in child && style) border.top = style;
+      if ('bottom' in child && style) border.bottom = style;
+    }
+
+    return border;
+  }
+
+  private _parseCellXf(node: XmlNode): CellXf {
+    return {
+      fontId: parseInt(getAttr(node, 'fontId') || '0', 10),
+      fillId: parseInt(getAttr(node, 'fillId') || '0', 10),
+      borderId: parseInt(getAttr(node, 'borderId') || '0', 10),
+      numFmtId: parseInt(getAttr(node, 'numFmtId') || '0', 10),
+      alignment: this._parseAlignment(node),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private _parseAlignment(node: XmlNode): AlignmentStyle | undefined {
+    const children = getChildren(node, 'xf');
+    const alignNode = findElement(children, 'alignment');
+    if (!alignNode) return undefined;
+
+    return {
+      horizontal: getAttr(alignNode, 'horizontal') as AlignmentStyle['horizontal'],
+      vertical: getAttr(alignNode, 'vertical') as AlignmentStyle['vertical'],
+      wrapText: getAttr(alignNode, 'wrapText') === '1',
+      textRotation: parseInt(getAttr(alignNode, 'textRotation') || '0', 10),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a style by index
+   */
+  getStyle(index: number): CellStyle {
+    const cached = this._styleObjectCache.get(index);
+    if (cached) return { ...cached };
+
+    const xf = this._cellXfs[index];
+    if (!xf) return {};
+
+    const font = this._fonts[xf.fontId];
+    const fill = this._fills[xf.fillId];
+    const border = this._borders[xf.borderId];
+    // Check custom formats first, then fall back to built-in format codes
+    const numFmt = this._numFmts.get(xf.numFmtId) ?? BUILTIN_NUM_FMT_CODES.get(xf.numFmtId);
+
+    const style: CellStyle = {};
+
+    if (font) {
+      if (font.bold) style.bold = true;
+      if (font.italic) style.italic = true;
+      if (font.underline) style.underline = true;
+      if (font.strike) style.strike = true;
+      if (font.size) style.fontSize = font.size;
+      if (font.name) style.fontName = font.name;
+      if (font.color?.rgb) style.fontColor = font.color.rgb;
+      if (font.color?.theme) style.fontColorTheme = Number(font.color.theme);
+      if (font.color?.tint) style.fontColorTint = Number(font.color.tint);
+      if (font.color?.indexed) style.fontColorIndexed = Number(font.color.indexed);
+    }
+
+    if (fill && fill.fgColor) {
+      if (fill.fgColor.rgb) style.fill = fill.fgColor.rgb;
+      if (fill.fgColor.theme) style.fillTheme = Number(fill.fgColor.theme);
+      if (fill.fgColor.tint) style.fillTint = Number(fill.fgColor.tint);
+      if (fill.fgColor.indexed) style.fillIndexed = Number(fill.fgColor.indexed);
+    }
+
+    if (fill && fill.bgColor) {
+      if (fill.bgColor.rgb) style.fillBgColor = fill.bgColor.rgb;
+      if (fill.bgColor.theme) style.fillBgTheme = Number(fill.bgColor.theme);
+      if (fill.bgColor.tint) style.fillBgTint = Number(fill.bgColor.tint);
+      if (fill.bgColor.indexed) style.fillBgIndexed = Number(fill.bgColor.indexed);
+    }
+
+    if (border) {
+      if (border.top || border.bottom || border.left || border.right) {
+        style.border = {
+          top: border.top,
+          bottom: border.bottom,
+          left: border.left,
+          right: border.right,
+        };
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (numFmt) {
+      style.numberFormat = numFmt;
+    }
+
+    if (xf.alignment) {
+      style.alignment = {
+        horizontal: xf.alignment.horizontal,
+        vertical: xf.alignment.vertical,
+        wrapText: xf.alignment.wrapText,
+        textRotation: xf.alignment.textRotation,
+      };
+    }
+
+    this._styleObjectCache.set(index, { ...style });
+    return style;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a style and return its index
+   * Uses caching to deduplicate identical styles
+   */
+  createStyle(style: CellStyle): number {
+    const key = this._getStyleKey(style);
+    const cached = this._styleCache.get(key);
+    if (cached !== undefined) {
+      return cached;
+    }
+
+    this._dirty = true;
+
+    // Create or find font
+    const fontId = this._findOrCreateFont(style);
+
+    // Create or find fill
+    const fillId = this._findOrCreateFill(style);
+
+    // Create or find border
+    const borderId = this._findOrCreateBorder(style);
+
+    // Create or find number format
+    const numFmtId = style.numberFormat ? this._findOrCreateNumFmt(style.numberFormat) : 0;
+
+    // Create cell format
+    const xf: CellXf = {
+      fontId,
+      fillId,
+      borderId,
+      numFmtId,
+    };
+
+    if (style.alignment) {
+      xf.alignment = {
+        horizontal: style.alignment.horizontal,
+        vertical: style.alignment.vertical,
+        wrapText: style.alignment.wrapText,
+        textRotation: style.alignment.textRotation,
+      };
+    }
+
+    const index = this._cellXfs.length;
+    this._cellXfs.push(xf);
+    this._styleCache.set(key, index);
+    this._styleObjectCache.set(index, { ...style });
+
+    return index;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clone an existing style by index, optionally overriding fields.
+   */
+  cloneStyle(index: number, overrides: Partial<CellStyle> = {}): number {
+    const baseStyle = this.getStyle(index);
+    return this.createStyle({ ...baseStyle, ...overrides });
+  }
+
+  private _findOrCreateFont(style: CellStyle): number {
+    const color = this._toStyleColor(
+      style.fontColor,
+      style.fontColorTheme,
+      style.fontColorTint,
+      style.fontColorIndexed,
+    );
+    const font: StyleFont = {
+      bold: style.bold || false,
+      italic: style.italic || false,
+      underline: style.underline === true || style.underline === 'single' || style.underline === 'double',
+      strike: style.strike || false,
+      size: style.fontSize,
+      name: style.fontName,
+      color,
+    };
+
+    // Try to find existing font
+    for (let i = 0; i < this._fonts.length; i++) {
+      const f = this._fonts[i];
+      if (
+        f.bold === font.bold &&
+        f.italic === font.italic &&
+        f.underline === font.underline &&
+        f.strike === font.strike &&
+        f.size === font.size &&
+        f.name === font.name &&
+        this._colorsEqual(f.color, font.color)
+      ) {
+        return i;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Create new font
+    this._fonts.push(font);
+    return this._fonts.length - 1;
+  }
+
+  private _findOrCreateFill(style: CellStyle): number {
+    const fgColor = this._toStyleColor(style.fill, style.fillTheme, style.fillTint, style.fillIndexed);
+    const bgColor = this._toStyleColor(style.fillBgColor, style.fillBgTheme, style.fillBgTint, style.fillBgIndexed);
+
+    if (!fgColor && !bgColor) return 0;
+
+    // Try to find existing fill
+    for (let i = 0; i < this._fills.length; i++) {
+      const f = this._fills[i];
+      if (this._colorsEqual(f.fgColor, fgColor) && this._colorsEqual(f.bgColor, bgColor)) {
+        return i;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Create new fill
+    this._fills.push({
+      type: 'solid',
+      fgColor: fgColor || undefined,
+      bgColor: bgColor || undefined,
+    });
+    return this._fills.length - 1;
+  }
+
+  private _findOrCreateBorder(style: CellStyle): number {
+    if (!style.border) return 0;
+
+    const border: StyleBorder = {
+      top: style.border.top,
+      bottom: style.border.bottom,
+      left: style.border.left,
+      right: style.border.right,
+    };
+
+    // Try to find existing border
+    for (let i = 0; i < this._borders.length; i++) {
+      const b = this._borders[i];
+      if (b.top === border.top && b.bottom === border.bottom && b.left === border.left && b.right === border.right) {
+        return i;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Create new border
+    this._borders.push(border);
+    return this._borders.length - 1;
+  }
+
+  private _findOrCreateNumFmt(format: string): number {
+    // Check built-in formats first (IDs 0-163)
+    const builtinId = BUILTIN_NUM_FMTS.get(format);
+    if (builtinId !== undefined) {
+      return builtinId;
+    }
+
+    // Check if already exists in custom formats
+    for (const [id, code] of this._numFmts) {
+      if (code === format) return id;
+    }
+
+    // Create new custom format (IDs 164+)
+    const existingIds = Array.from(this._numFmts.keys());
+    const id = existingIds.length > 0 ? Math.max(...existingIds) + 1 : 164;
+    this._numFmts.set(id, format);
+    return id;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get or create a number format ID for the given format string.
+   * Returns built-in IDs (0-163) for standard formats, or creates custom IDs (164+).
+   * @param format - The number format string (e.g., '0.00', '#,##0', '$#,##0.00')
+   */
+  getOrCreateNumFmtId(format: string): number {
+    this._dirty = true;
+    return this._findOrCreateNumFmt(format);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if styles have been modified
+   */
+  get dirty(): boolean {
+    return this._dirty;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generate XML for styles
+   */
+  toXml(): string {
+    const children: XmlNode[] = [];
+
+    // Number formats
+    if (this._numFmts.size > 0) {
+      const numFmtNodes: XmlNode[] = [];
+      for (const [id, code] of this._numFmts) {
+        numFmtNodes.push(createElement('numFmt', { numFmtId: String(id), formatCode: code }, []));
+      }
+      children.push(createElement('numFmts', { count: String(numFmtNodes.length) }, numFmtNodes));
+    }
+
+    // Fonts
+    const fontNodes: XmlNode[] = this._fonts.map((font) => this._buildFontNode(font));
+    children.push(createElement('fonts', { count: String(fontNodes.length) }, fontNodes));
+
+    // Fills
+    const fillNodes: XmlNode[] = this._fills.map((fill) => this._buildFillNode(fill));
+    children.push(createElement('fills', { count: String(fillNodes.length) }, fillNodes));
+
+    // Borders
+    const borderNodes: XmlNode[] = this._borders.map((border) => this._buildBorderNode(border));
+    children.push(createElement('borders', { count: String(borderNodes.length) }, borderNodes));
+
+    // Cell style xfs (required but we just add a default)
+    children.push(
+      createElement('cellStyleXfs', { count: '1' }, [
+        createElement('xf', { numFmtId: '0', fontId: '0', fillId: '0', borderId: '0' }, []),
+      ]),
+    );
+
+    // Cell xfs
+    const xfNodes: XmlNode[] = this._cellXfs.map((xf) => this._buildXfNode(xf));
+    children.push(createElement('cellXfs', { count: String(xfNodes.length) }, xfNodes));
+
+    // Cell styles (required)
+    children.push(
+      createElement('cellStyles', { count: '1' }, [
+        createElement('cellStyle', { name: 'Normal', xfId: '0', builtinId: '0' }, []),
+      ]),
+    );
+
+    const styleSheet = createElement(
+      'styleSheet',
+      { xmlns: 'http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main' },
+      children,
+    );
+
+    return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>\n${stringifyXml([styleSheet])}`;
+  }
+
+  private _buildFontNode(font: StyleFont): XmlNode {
+    const children: XmlNode[] = [];
+    if (font.bold) children.push(createElement('b', {}, []));
+    if (font.italic) children.push(createElement('i', {}, []));
+    if (font.underline) children.push(createElement('u', {}, []));
+    if (font.strike) children.push(createElement('strike', {}, []));
+    if (font.size) children.push(createElement('sz', { val: String(font.size) }, []));
+    if (font.color) {
+      const attrs: Record<string, string> = {};
+      if (font.color.rgb) attrs.rgb = normalizeColor(font.color.rgb);
+      if (font.color.theme) attrs.theme = font.color.theme;
+      if (font.color.tint) attrs.tint = font.color.tint;
+      if (font.color.indexed) attrs.indexed = font.color.indexed;
+      if (Object.keys(attrs).length > 0) {
+        children.push(createElement('color', attrs, []));
+      }
+    }
+    if (font.name) children.push(createElement('name', { val: font.name }, []));
+    return createElement('font', {}, children);
+  }
+
+  private _buildFillNode(fill: StyleFill): XmlNode {
+    const patternChildren: XmlNode[] = [];
+    if (fill.fgColor) {
+      const attrs: Record<string, string> = {};
+      if (fill.fgColor.rgb) attrs.rgb = normalizeColor(fill.fgColor.rgb);
+      if (fill.fgColor.theme) attrs.theme = fill.fgColor.theme;
+      if (fill.fgColor.tint) attrs.tint = fill.fgColor.tint;
+      if (fill.fgColor.indexed) attrs.indexed = fill.fgColor.indexed;
+      if (Object.keys(attrs).length > 0) {
+        patternChildren.push(createElement('fgColor', attrs, []));
+      }
+      // For solid fills, bgColor is required (indexed 64 = system background)
+      if (fill.type === 'solid' && !fill.bgColor) {
+        patternChildren.push(createElement('bgColor', { indexed: '64' }, []));
+      }
+    }
+    if (fill.bgColor) {
+      const attrs: Record<string, string> = {};
+      if (fill.bgColor.rgb) attrs.rgb = normalizeColor(fill.bgColor.rgb);
+      if (fill.bgColor.theme) attrs.theme = fill.bgColor.theme;
+      if (fill.bgColor.tint) attrs.tint = fill.bgColor.tint;
+      if (fill.bgColor.indexed) attrs.indexed = fill.bgColor.indexed;
+      if (Object.keys(attrs).length > 0) {
+        patternChildren.push(createElement('bgColor', attrs, []));
+      }
+    }
+    const patternFill = createElement('patternFill', { patternType: fill.type || 'none' }, patternChildren);
+    return createElement('fill', {}, [patternFill]);
+  }
+
+  private _toStyleColor(rgb?: string, theme?: number, tint?: number, indexed?: number): StyleColor | undefined {
+    if (rgb) {
+      return { rgb };
+    }
+    const color: StyleColor = {};
+    if (theme !== undefined) color.theme = String(theme);
+    if (tint !== undefined) color.tint = String(tint);
+    if (indexed !== undefined) color.indexed = String(indexed);
+    if (color.theme || color.tint || color.indexed) return color;
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  private _colorsEqual(a?: StyleColor, b?: StyleColor): boolean {
+    if (!a && !b) return true;
+    if (!a || !b) return false;
+    return a.rgb === b.rgb && a.theme === b.theme && a.tint === b.tint && a.indexed === b.indexed;
+  }
+
+  private _buildBorderNode(border: StyleBorder): XmlNode {
+    const children: XmlNode[] = [];
+    if (border.left) children.push(createElement('left', { style: border.left }, []));
+    if (border.right) children.push(createElement('right', { style: border.right }, []));
+    if (border.top) children.push(createElement('top', { style: border.top }, []));
+    if (border.bottom) children.push(createElement('bottom', { style: border.bottom }, []));
+    // Add empty elements if not present (required by Excel)
+    if (!border.left) children.push(createElement('left', {}, []));
+    if (!border.right) children.push(createElement('right', {}, []));
+    if (!border.top) children.push(createElement('top', {}, []));
+    if (!border.bottom) children.push(createElement('bottom', {}, []));
+    children.push(createElement('diagonal', {}, []));
+    return createElement('border', {}, children);
+  }
+
+  private _buildXfNode(xf: CellXf): XmlNode {
+    const attrs: Record<string, string> = {
+      numFmtId: String(xf.numFmtId),
+      fontId: String(xf.fontId),
+      fillId: String(xf.fillId),
+      borderId: String(xf.borderId),
+    };
+
+    if (xf.fontId > 0) attrs.applyFont = '1';
+    if (xf.fillId > 0) attrs.applyFill = '1';
+    if (xf.borderId > 0) attrs.applyBorder = '1';
+    if (xf.numFmtId > 0) attrs.applyNumberFormat = '1';
+
+    const children: XmlNode[] = [];
+    if (xf.alignment) {
+      const alignAttrs: Record<string, string> = {};
+      if (xf.alignment.horizontal) alignAttrs.horizontal = xf.alignment.horizontal;
+      if (xf.alignment.vertical) alignAttrs.vertical = xf.alignment.vertical;
+      if (xf.alignment.wrapText) alignAttrs.wrapText = '1';
+      if (xf.alignment.textRotation) alignAttrs.textRotation = String(xf.alignment.textRotation);
+      children.push(createElement('alignment', alignAttrs, []));
+      attrs.applyAlignment = '1';
+    }
+
+    return createElement('xf', attrs, children);
+  }
+}
+
+// Internal types for style components
+interface StyleFont {
+  bold: boolean;
+  italic: boolean;
+  underline: boolean;
+  strike: boolean;
+  size?: number;
+  name?: string;
+  color?: StyleColor;
+}
+
+interface StyleFill {
+  type: string;
+  fgColor?: StyleColor;
+  bgColor?: StyleColor;
+}
+
+interface StyleBorder {
+  top?: BorderType;
+  bottom?: BorderType;
+  left?: BorderType;
+  right?: BorderType;
+}
+
+interface CellXf {
+  fontId: number;
+  fillId: number;
+  borderId: number;
+  numFmtId: number;
+  alignment?: AlignmentStyle;
+}
+
+interface AlignmentStyle {
+  horizontal?: 'left' | 'center' | 'right' | 'justify';
+  vertical?: 'top' | 'middle' | 'bottom';
+  wrapText?: boolean;
+  textRotation?: number;
+}