@nhtio/adk 1.20260604.0 → 1.20260607.0

package/batteries/tools/math.cjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"math.cjs","names":[],"sources":["../../../src/batteries/tools/math/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Pre-constructed tools for safe arithmetic, expression evaluation, and numeric operations.\n *\n * @module @nhtio/adk/batteries/tools/math\n *\n * @remarks\n * Pre-constructed bundled tools for the `math` category. Import individually, the whole\n * category, or import every tool via `@nhtio/adk/batteries`.\n */\n\nimport { create, all } from 'mathjs'\nimport { Tool } from '@nhtio/adk/common'\nimport { isError } from '@nhtio/adk/guards'\nimport { validator } from '@nhtio/validation'\n\nconst math = create(all)\n\nconst BLOCKED_FUNCTIONS = [\n  'import',\n  'createUnit',\n  'simplify',\n  'derivative',\n  'compile',\n  'chain',\n  'reviver',\n  'replacer',\n]\n\nfor (const fn of BLOCKED_FUNCTIONS) {\n  if (fn in math) {\n    ;(math as any)[fn] = undefined\n  }\n}\n\nconst MAX_EXPRESSION_LENGTH = 1000\n\nfunction validateExpression(expr: string): string | undefined {\n  if (expr.length > MAX_EXPRESSION_LENGTH) {\n    return `Expression too long (max ${MAX_EXPRESSION_LENGTH} characters).`\n  }\n  return undefined\n}\n\n/**\n * Convert common LaTeX/KaTeX notation to a mathjs-evaluable expression.\n */\nfunction latexToMathjs(latex: string): string {\n  let expr = latex.trim()\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/^\\$\\$?|\\$\\$?$/g, '')\n  expr = expr.replace(/^\\\\[[(]|\\\\[\\])]$/g, '')\n\n  for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {\n    const before = expr\n    expr = expr.replace(/\\\\frac\\s*\\{([^{}]*)\\}\\s*\\{([^{}]*)\\}/g, '(($1)/($2))')\n    if (expr === before) break\n  }\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sqrt\\[([^\\]]+)\\]\\s*\\{([^{}]*)\\}/g, 'nthRoot($2, $1)')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sqrt\\s*\\{([^{}]*)\\}/g, 'sqrt($1)')\n\n  expr = expr.replace(\n    /\\\\(sin|cos|tan|cot|sec|csc|arcsin|arccos|arctan|sinh|cosh|tanh|ln|log|exp|abs|det)/g,\n    '$1'\n  )\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/log_\\{?(\\w+)\\}?\\s*\\(([^)]+)\\)/g, 'log($2, $1)')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\^{([^{}]*)}/g, '^($1)')\n  expr = expr.replace(/_\\{[^{}]*\\}/g, '')\n  expr = expr.replace(/_\\w/g, '')\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\pi/g, 'pi')\n  expr = expr.replace(\n    /\\\\(alpha|beta|gamma|delta|epsilon|theta|lambda|mu|sigma|tau|phi|omega)/g,\n    '$1'\n  )\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\cdot/g, '*')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\times/g, '*')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\div/g, '/')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\infty/g, 'Infinity')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\left\\s*([([{|])/g, '$1')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\right\\s*([)\\]}|])/g, '$1')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sum/g, 'sum')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\prod/g, 'prod')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\,/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\;/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\quad/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\qquad/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\text\\{([^{}]*)\\}/g, '')\n  expr = expr.replace(/(\\d)([a-zA-Z(])/g, '$1*$2')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\)\\s*\\(/g, ')*(')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\s+/g, ' ').trim()\n\n  return expr\n}\n\n/**\n * Evaluates a mathjs-syntax expression and returns the numeric result alongside the KaTeX\n * representation of the parsed expression.\n *\n * @remarks\n * Supports arithmetic, trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, factorial, matrix, and unit\n * operations via `mathjs`. The mathjs instance is hardened: dangerous functions (`import`,\n * `createUnit`, `simplify`, `derivative`, `compile`, `chain`, `reviver`, `replacer`) are\n * disabled to prevent interpreter-surface exposure.\n *\n * Expressions over 1000 characters are rejected with an error string (not thrown). Parse and\n * evaluation errors are also returned as error strings — the tool surfaces math errors as\n * content rather than exceptions, so the model can react to them in-line.\n */\nexport const calculateTool = new Tool({\n  name: 'calculate',\n  description:\n    'Evaluate a math expression. Supports arithmetic, trig, log, sqrt, factorial, matrices.',\n  inputSchema: validator.object({\n    expression: validator.string().required().description('Math expression, e.g. \"sin(pi/4) + 5!\"'),\n  }),\n  handler: async (args) => {\n    const { expression } = args as { expression: string }\n\n    const lengthError = validateExpression(expression)\n    if (lengthError) return lengthError\n\n    try {\n      const result = math.evaluate!(expression)\n      const node = math.parse!(expression)\n      const katex = node.toTex()\n      return `Result: ${result}\\nKaTeX: $${katex} = ${result}$`\n    } catch (err) {\n      return `Error: ${isError(err) ? err.message : String(err)}`\n    }\n  },\n})\n\n/**\n * Translates a LaTeX/KaTeX expression into mathjs syntax, evaluates it, and returns the result.\n *\n * @remarks\n * Translates common LaTeX constructs (`\\frac{a}{b}`, `\\sqrt{...}`, `\\cdot`, `\\times`, Greek\n * macros like `\\pi`, `\\left`/`\\right` delimiters, `\\text{...}`, subscripts, etc.) into their\n * mathjs equivalents before evaluation. Both the source and the translated mathjs expression\n * are subject to the 1000-character length cap.\n *\n * Parse and evaluation errors are returned as error strings rather than thrown.\n */\nexport const evaluateKatexTool = new Tool({\n  name: 'evaluate_katex',\n  description: 'Evaluate a KaTeX/LaTeX math expression and return the numeric result.',\n  inputSchema: validator.object({\n    katex: validator\n      .string()\n      .required()\n      .description('LaTeX expression, e.g. \"\\\\frac{1}{2} + \\\\sqrt{9}\"'),\n  }),\n  handler: async (args) => {\n    const { katex } = args as { katex: string }\n\n    const lengthError = validateExpression(katex)\n    if (lengthError) return lengthError\n\n    try {\n      const mathjsExpr = latexToMathjs(katex)\n\n      const translatedLengthError = validateExpression(mathjsExpr)\n      if (translatedLengthError) return translatedLengthError\n\n      const result = math.evaluate!(mathjsExpr)\n      return `Converted: ${mathjsExpr}\\nResult: ${result}`\n    } catch (err) {\n      return `Error: ${isError(err) ? err.message : String(err)}`\n    }\n  },\n})\n"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;AAeA,IAAM,QAAA,GAAA,OAAA,QAAc,OAAA,GAAG;AAavB,KAAK,MAAM,MAAM;CAVf;CACA;CACA;CACA;CACA;CACA;CACA;CACA;AAGe,GACf,IAAI,MAAM,MACP,KAAc,MAAM,KAAA;AAIzB,IAAM,wBAAwB;AAE9B,SAAS,mBAAmB,MAAkC;CAC5D,IAAI,KAAK,SAAS,uBAChB,OAAO,4BAA4B,sBAAsB;AAG7D;;;;AAKA,SAAS,cAAc,OAAuB;CAC5C,IAAI,OAAO,MAAM,KAAK;CAEtB,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,kBAAkB,EAAE;CACxC,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,qBAAqB,EAAE;CAE3C,KAAK,IAAI,IAAI,GAAG,IAAI,IAAI,KAAK;EAC3B,MAAM,SAAS;EACf,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,yCAAyC,aAAa;EAC1E,IAAI,SAAS,QAAQ;CACvB;CAEA,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,sCAAsC,iBAAiB;CAC3E,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,0BAA0B,UAAU;CAExD,OAAO,KAAK,QACV,uFACA,IACF;CAEA,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,kCAAkC,aAAa;CACnE,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,iBAAiB,OAAO;CAC5C,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,gBAAgB,EAAE;CACtC,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,QAAQ,EAAE;CAE9B,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,SAAS,IAAI;CACjC,OAAO,KAAK,QACV,2EACA,IACF;CAEA,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,WAAW,GAAG;CAClC,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,YAAY,GAAG;CACnC,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,UAAU,GAAG;CACjC,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,YAAY,UAAU;CAC1C,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,sBAAsB,IAAI;CAC9C,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,wBAAwB,IAAI;CAChD,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,UAAU,KAAK;CACnC,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,WAAW,MAAM;CACrC,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,QAAQ,GAAG;CAC/B,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,QAAQ,GAAG;CAC/B,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,WAAW,GAAG;CAClC,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,YAAY,GAAG;CACnC,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,uBAAuB,EAAE;CAC7C,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,oBAAoB,OAAO;CAC/C,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,YAAY,KAAK;CACrC,OAAO,KAAK,QAAQ,QAAQ,GAAG,EAAE,KAAK;CAEtC,OAAO;AACT;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;AAgBA,IAAa,gBAAgB,IAAI,aAAA,KAAK;CACpC,MAAM;CACN,aACE;CACF,aAAa,kBAAA,UAAU,OAAO,EAC5B,YAAY,kBAAA,UAAU,OAAO,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,YAAY,0CAAwC,EAChG,CAAC;CACD,SAAS,OAAO,SAAS;EACvB,MAAM,EAAE,eAAe;EAEvB,MAAM,cAAc,mBAAmB,UAAU;EACjD,IAAI,aAAa,OAAO;EAExB,IAAI;GACF,MAAM,SAAS,KAAK,SAAU,UAAU;GAGxC,OAAO,WAAW,OAAO,YAFZ,KAAK,MAAO,UACX,EAAK,MACkB,EAAM,KAAK,OAAO;EACzD,SAAS,KAAK;GACZ,OAAO,UAAU,sBAAA,QAAQ,GAAG,IAAI,IAAI,UAAU,OAAO,GAAG;EAC1D;CACF;AACF,CAAC;;;;;;;;;;;;AAaD,IAAa,oBAAoB,IAAI,aAAA,KAAK;CACxC,MAAM;CACN,aAAa;CACb,aAAa,kBAAA,UAAU,OAAO,EAC5B,OAAO,kBAAA,UACJ,OAAO,EACP,SAAS,EACT,YAAY,qDAAmD,EACpE,CAAC;CACD,SAAS,OAAO,SAAS;EACvB,MAAM,EAAE,UAAU;EAElB,MAAM,cAAc,mBAAmB,KAAK;EAC5C,IAAI,aAAa,OAAO;EAExB,IAAI;GACF,MAAM,aAAa,cAAc,KAAK;GAEtC,MAAM,wBAAwB,mBAAmB,UAAU;GAC3D,IAAI,uBAAuB,OAAO;GAGlC,OAAO,cAAc,WAAW,YADjB,KAAK,SAAU,UACc;EAC9C,SAAS,KAAK;GACZ,OAAO,UAAU,sBAAA,QAAQ,GAAG,IAAI,IAAI,UAAU,OAAO,GAAG;EAC1D;CACF;AACF,CAAC"}
+{"version":3,"file":"math.cjs","names":[],"sources":["../../../src/batteries/tools/math/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Pre-constructed tools for safe arithmetic, expression evaluation, and numeric operations.\n *\n * @module @nhtio/adk/batteries/tools/math\n *\n * @remarks\n * Pre-constructed bundled tools for the `math` category. Import individually, the whole\n * category, or import every tool via `@nhtio/adk/batteries`.\n */\n\nimport { create, all } from 'mathjs'\nimport { Tool } from '@nhtio/adk/common'\nimport { validator } from '@nhtio/validation'\nimport { default as evaluatex } from 'evaluatex'\nimport { isError, isInstanceOf } from '@nhtio/adk/guards'\n\nconst math = create(all)\n\nconst BLOCKED_FUNCTIONS = [\n  'import',\n  'createUnit',\n  'simplify',\n  'derivative',\n  'compile',\n  'chain',\n  'reviver',\n  'replacer',\n]\n\nfor (const fn of BLOCKED_FUNCTIONS) {\n  if (fn in math) {\n    ;(math as any)[fn] = undefined\n  }\n}\n\nconst MAX_EXPRESSION_LENGTH = 1000\n\nfunction validateExpression(expr: string): string | undefined {\n  if (expr.length > MAX_EXPRESSION_LENGTH) {\n    return `Expression too long (max ${MAX_EXPRESSION_LENGTH} characters).`\n  }\n  return undefined\n}\n\n/**\n * EvaluateX scope providing constants and function aliases that evaluatex does not ship\n * out-of-the-box, matching the capabilities that were previously provided by the mathjs\n * translation layer.\n */\nconst EVALUATEX_SCOPE: Record<string, unknown> = {\n  // Mathematical constants\n  pi: Math.PI,\n  e: Math.E,\n  infinity: Infinity,\n  // Greek letters as named constants (matching LaTeX macro names)\n  alpha: undefined,\n  beta: undefined,\n  gamma: undefined,\n  delta: undefined,\n  epsilon: undefined,\n  theta: undefined,\n  lambda: undefined,\n  mu: undefined,\n  sigma: undefined,\n  tau: undefined,\n  phi: undefined,\n  omega: undefined,\n  // Function aliases — evaluatex uses log for natural log; provide ln as alias,\n  // plus common log bases and nthRoot for \\sqrt[n]{...}.\n  ln: Math.log,\n  log10: (x: number) => Math.log(x) / Math.LN10,\n  log2: (x: number) => Math.log(x) / Math.LN2,\n  nthRoot: (x: number, n: number) => Math.pow(x, 1 / n),\n  // Determinant (identity for scalars — det([a,b;c,d]) is not supported in the scalar path)\n  det: (x: number) => x,\n}\n\n/**\n * Translate a LaTeX/KaTeX expression to evaluatex-compatible syntax and evaluate it.\n *\n * The translation is a lightweight pass over the LaTeX source that handles common constructs\n * (frac, sqrt, trig, Greek macros, delimiters, etc.) and feeds the result to evaluatex with\n * a pre-built scope providing constants and function aliases. This replaces the previous\n * hand-rolled regex → mathjs pipeline.\n */\nfunction evaluateLatex(latex: string): number {\n  let expr = latex.trim()\n\n  // Strip display/inline math delimiters: $$...$$ or $...$\n  expr = expr.replace(/^\\$\\$?|\\$\\$?$/g, '')\n  // Strip \\[ ... \\] or \\( ... \\) delimiters\n  expr = expr.replace(/^\\\\[[(]|\\\\[\\])]$/g, '')\n\n  // ---- LaTeX command translation ----\n\n  // \\frac{a}{b} → (a)/(b) — iterates to handle nested fractions\n  for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {\n    const before = expr\n    expr = expr.replace(/\\\\frac\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}/g, '($1)/($2)')\n    if (expr === before) break\n  }\n\n  // \\sqrt[n]{x} → nthRoot(x, n)\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sqrt\\[([^\\]]+)\\]\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}/g, 'nthRoot($2, $1)')\n  // \\sqrt{x} → sqrt(x)\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sqrt\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}/g, 'sqrt($1)')\n\n  // Inverse trig: \\arcsin → asin (evaluatex uses asin/acos/atan natively)\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\arcsin/g, 'asin')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\arccos/g, 'acos')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\arctan/g, 'atan')\n\n  // Strip backslash from known function macros: \\sin, \\cos, \\tan, \\cot, \\sec, \\csc,\n  // \\sinh, \\cosh, \\tanh, \\ln, \\log, \\exp, \\abs, etc.\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\(sin|cos|tan|cot|sec|csc|sinh|cosh|tanh|ln|log|exp|abs|det)/g, '$1')\n\n  // Subscript-based log: \\log_2(x) → log2(x), or just strip subscript for single-arg\n  expr = expr.replace(/log_\\{?(\\w+)\\}?\\(/g, (_, base) => {\n    const baseLower = base.toLowerCase()\n    if (baseLower === '10') return 'log10('\n    if (baseLower === '2') return 'log2('\n    if (baseLower === 'e') return 'ln('\n    // Generic base: convert log_b(x) to ln(x)/ln(b) — evaluatex handles the\n    // resulting expression fine.\n    return `ln(/ln(${base})`\n  })\n  // Strip any remaining subscripts (e.g. x_1, a_n)\n  expr = expr.replace(/_\\{[^}]*\\}/g, '')\n  expr = expr.replace(/_\\w/g, '')\n\n  // Powers: ^{...} → ^(...)\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\^{([^{}]*)}/g, '^($1)')\n\n  // Greek letter macros\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\pi/g, 'pi')\n  expr = expr.replace(\n    /\\\\(alpha|beta|gamma|delta|epsilon|theta|lambda|mu|sigma|tau|phi|omega)/g,\n    '$1'\n  )\n\n  // Spacing and operators\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\cdot/g, '*')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\times/g, '*')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\div/g, '/')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\infty/g, 'infinity')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\left\\s*([([{|])/g, '$1')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\right\\s*([)\\]}|])/g, '$1')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sum/g, 'sum')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\prod/g, 'prod')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\,/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\;/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\quad/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\qquad/g, ' ')\n  // Strip \\text{...} blocks entirely\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\text\\{([^{}]*)\\}/g, '')\n\n  // Implicit multiplication: 2x, 3(x+1), etc.\n  expr = expr.replace(/(\\d)([a-zA-Z(])/g, '$1*$2')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\)\\s*\\(/g, ')*(')\n\n  // Collapse whitespace\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\s+/g, ' ').trim()\n\n  const fn = evaluatex(expr, EVALUATEX_SCOPE)\n  const result = fn()\n  if (typeof result !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(result)) {\n    throw new Error('Result is not finite')\n  }\n  return result\n}\n\n/**\n * Lightweight LaTeX-to-string translator for internal use by the numeric calculus path.\n *\n * This is the same translation pass as {@link evaluateLatex}, but returns the translated string\n * (compatible with mathjs syntax) rather than evaluating it. Used by the calculus handlers to\n * convert integrands, function bodies, and bound expressions before passing them to\n * `math.evaluate` for specific-point evaluation.\n */\nfunction translateLatex(latex: string): string {\n  let expr = latex.trim()\n  expr = expr.replace(/^\\$\\$?|\\$\\$?$/g, '')\n  expr = expr.replace(/^\\\\[[(]|\\\\[\\])]$/g, '')\n\n  for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {\n    const before = expr\n    expr = expr.replace(/\\\\frac\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}/g, '($1)/($2)')\n    if (expr === before) break\n  }\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sqrt\\[([^\\]]+)\\]\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}/g, 'nthRoot($2, $1)')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sqrt\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}/g, 'sqrt($1)')\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\arcsin/g, 'asin')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\arccos/g, 'acos')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\arctan/g, 'atan')\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\(sin|cos|tan|cot|sec|csc|sinh|cosh|tanh|ln|log|exp|abs|det)/g, '$1')\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/log_\\{?(\\w+)\\}?\\s*\\(([^)]+)\\)/g, 'log($2, $1)')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\^{([^{}]*)}/g, '^($1)')\n  expr = expr.replace(/_\\{[^{}]*\\}/g, '')\n  expr = expr.replace(/_\\w/g, '')\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\pi/g, 'pi')\n  expr = expr.replace(\n    /\\\\(alpha|beta|gamma|delta|epsilon|theta|lambda|mu|sigma|tau|phi|omega)/g,\n    '$1'\n  )\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\cdot/g, '*')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\times/g, '*')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\div/g, '/')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\infty/g, 'Infinity')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\left\\s*([([{|])/g, '$1')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\right\\s*([)\\]}|])/g, '$1')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sum/g, 'sum')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\prod/g, 'prod')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\,/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\;/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\quad/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\qquad/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\text\\{([^{}]*)\\}/g, '')\n  expr = expr.replace(/(\\d)([a-zA-Z(])/g, '$1*$2')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\)\\s*\\(/g, ')*(')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\s+/g, ' ').trim()\n\n  return expr\n}\n\n// ─── Numeric calculus ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n//\n// `evaluate_katex` is a numeric evaluator. mathjs has no symbolic integration, and its symbolic\n// `derivative` is intentionally blocklisted above, so calculus is computed NUMERICALLY: definite\n// integrals via composite Simpson quadrature, derivatives via central finite differences, and limits\n// via a two-sided approach. These are approximations (correct to ~1e-9 for the smooth expressions a\n// model emits), surfaced under a `Result (numeric):` label so the distinction is explicit.\n//\n// Detection runs on the RAW LaTeX, before `translateLatex` flattens it — its subscript stripping\n// would otherwise destroy integral bounds (`\\int_{0}^{1}` → `\\int^(1)`) and limit targets. The\n// extracted sub-expressions (integrand, bounds, body, point) are then translated by the existing\n// `translateLatex` and evaluated per-point with a scope, which works under the security blocklist.\n\n/** A tagged error whose message is surfaced to the model verbatim (caught by {@link tryCalculus}). */\nclass CalculusError extends Error {}\n\n/** Evaluate a mathjs expression at a single point, guarding against non-finite results. */\nfunction evalAt(expr: string, varName: string, x: number): number {\n  const y = math.evaluate!(expr, { [varName]: x })\n  if (typeof y !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(y)) {\n    throw new CalculusError('NON_FINITE')\n  }\n  return y\n}\n\n/** Composite Simpson's rule over a finite interval. Throws {@link CalculusError} on a singularity. */\nfunction simpson(fn: (x: number) => number, a: number, b: number, n = 1000): number {\n  if (n % 2 === 1) n++\n  const h = (b - a) / n\n  let sum = fn(a) + fn(b)\n  for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n    sum += (i % 2 === 1 ? 4 : 2) * fn(a + i * h)\n  }\n  const result = (h / 3) * sum\n  if (!Number.isFinite(result)) throw new CalculusError('NON_FINITE')\n  return result\n}\n\n/** Round numeric output to 12 significant digits, collapsing floating-point noise. */\nfunction formatNumeric(n: number): string {\n  // Snap values that are zero-to-within-tolerance to exactly 0 (e.g. lim_{x->inf} 1/x ≈ 1e-8).\n  if (Math.abs(n) < 1e-9) return '0'\n  return math.format!(n, { precision: 12 })\n}\n\n/**\n * Reads a single `_`/`^` script starting at `i`, supporting braced (`_{0}`, `^{\\pi}`), command\n * (`^\\pi`), and bare-token (`_0`, `^1`) forms. Returns the mark, its raw-LaTeX value, and the next\n * index, or `null` when there is no script at `i`.\n */\nfunction readScript(s: string, i: number): { mark: '_' | '^'; val: string; next: number } | null {\n  while (s[i] === ' ') i++\n  const mark = s[i]\n  if (mark !== '_' && mark !== '^') return null\n  i++\n  while (s[i] === ' ') i++\n  if (s[i] === '{') {\n    let depth = 0\n    const start = ++i\n    for (; i < s.length; i++) {\n      if (s[i] === '{') depth++\n      else if (s[i] === '}') {\n        if (depth === 0) break\n        depth--\n      }\n    }\n    return { mark, val: s.slice(start, i), next: i + 1 }\n  }\n  if (s[i] === '\\\\') {\n    const m = /^\\\\[a-zA-Z]+/.exec(s.slice(i))\n    if (!m) return null\n    return { mark, val: m[0], next: i + m[0].length }\n  }\n  const m = /^[A-Za-z0-9.]+/.exec(s.slice(i))\n  if (!m) return null\n  return { mark, val: m[0], next: i + m[0].length }\n}\n\n/** Translate a raw-LaTeX bound/target fragment and evaluate it to a finite number. */\nfunction evalBound(latex: string): number {\n  const trimmed = latex.trim()\n  if (/\\\\infty/.test(trimmed)) throw new CalculusError('INFINITE_BOUND')\n  const mathjsExpr = translateLatex(trimmed)\n  const value = math.evaluate!(mathjsExpr)\n  if (typeof value !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(value)) {\n    throw new CalculusError('BAD_BOUND')\n  }\n  return value\n}\n\n/** Evaluate a definite integral `\\int_{a}^{b} f \\,dx` by Simpson quadrature. */\nfunction evalIntegral(s: string): string {\n  // Strip the operator (\\int, optionally with \\limits).\n  const m = /\\\\int(?:\\\\limits)?/.exec(s)\n  if (!m) throw new CalculusError('NOT_INTEGRAL')\n  let i = m.index + m[0].length\n\n  // Read up to two scripts (bounds), in either order.\n  const scripts: Record<'_' | '^', string | undefined> = { '_': undefined, '^': undefined }\n  for (let k = 0; k < 2; k++) {\n    const sc = readScript(s, i)\n    if (!sc) break\n    scripts[sc.mark] = sc.val\n    i = sc.next\n  }\n  if (scripts._ === undefined || scripts['^'] === undefined) {\n    throw new CalculusError('INDEFINITE')\n  }\n\n  // The remainder is `integrand … d<var>`. Pull the trailing differential off the end.\n  const rest = s.slice(i)\n  const diff = /\\\\?,?\\s*\\bd\\s*([a-zA-Z])\\s*$/.exec(rest)\n  if (!diff) throw new CalculusError('NO_DIFFERENTIAL')\n  const variable = diff[1]\n  const integrandLatex = rest.slice(0, diff.index)\n  if (integrandLatex.trim().length === 0) throw new CalculusError('NO_INTEGRAND')\n\n  const a = evalBound(scripts._)\n  const b = evalBound(scripts['^'])\n  const integrand = translateLatex(integrandLatex)\n  const fn = (x: number) => evalAt(integrand, variable, x)\n\n  let result: number\n  if (a === b) result = 0\n  else if (a < b) result = simpson(fn, a, b)\n  else result = -simpson(fn, b, a)\n\n  return `Converted: ∫(${integrand}) d${variable} from ${formatNumeric(a)} to ${formatNumeric(b)}\\nResult (numeric): ${formatNumeric(result)}`\n}\n\n/** Evaluate a derivative `\\frac{d}{dx} f \\big|_{x=a}` at a point via central finite difference. */\nfunction evalDerivative(s: string): string {\n  // Operator + variable: \\frac{d}{dx} … or bare d/dx ….\n  let variable: string | undefined\n  let body = s\n  const fracOp = /\\\\frac\\s*\\{\\s*d\\s*\\}\\s*\\{\\s*d\\s*([a-zA-Z])\\s*\\}/.exec(s)\n  if (fracOp) {\n    variable = fracOp[1]\n    body = s.slice(fracOp.index + fracOp[0].length)\n  } else {\n    const bareOp = /(?:^|[^a-zA-Z])d\\s*\\/\\s*d([a-zA-Z])/.exec(s)\n    if (bareOp) {\n      variable = bareOp[1]\n      body = s.slice(bareOp.index + bareOp[0].length)\n    }\n  }\n  if (!variable) throw new CalculusError('NOT_DERIVATIVE')\n\n  // Remove pure \\left. / \\right. delimiters.\n  body = body.replace(/\\\\left\\.?/g, '').replace(/\\\\right\\.?/g, '')\n\n  // Evaluation bar + point at the end: …|_{x=3} (optionally \\Big| etc.).\n  const bar = /\\\\?(?:Big|big|bigg|Bigg)?\\s*\\|\\s*_\\s*\\{?\\s*([a-zA-Z])\\s*=\\s*([^}]+?)\\s*\\}?\\s*$/.exec(\n    body\n  )\n  if (!bar) throw new CalculusError('NO_POINT')\n  const point = evalBound(bar[2])\n  let fnLatex = body.slice(0, bar.index).trim()\n\n  // Strip one layer of wrapping parentheses/brackets around the function body.\n  fnLatex = fnLatex\n    .replace(/^\\\\?\\(([\\s\\S]*)\\\\?\\)$/, '$1')\n    .replace(/^\\[([\\s\\S]*)\\]$/, '$1')\n    .trim()\n  if (fnLatex.length === 0) throw new CalculusError('NO_FUNCTION')\n\n  const expr = translateLatex(fnLatex)\n  const h = 1e-6\n  const fn = (x: number) => evalAt(expr, variable, x)\n  const result = (fn(point + h) - fn(point - h)) / (2 * h)\n  if (!Number.isFinite(result)) throw new CalculusError('NON_FINITE')\n\n  return `Converted: d/d${variable}(${expr}) at ${variable}=${formatNumeric(point)}\\nResult (numeric): ${formatNumeric(result)}`\n}\n\n/** Evaluate a limit `\\lim_{x \\to a} f(x)` by a two-sided numeric approach. */\nfunction evalLimit(s: string): string {\n  const head = /\\\\lim\\s*_\\s*\\{\\s*([a-zA-Z])\\s*\\\\to\\s*([\\s\\S]+?)\\s*\\}/.exec(s)\n  if (!head) throw new CalculusError('NOT_LIMIT')\n  const variable = head[1]\n  let targetLatex = head[2].trim()\n  const bodyLatex = s.slice(head.index + head[0].length).trim()\n  if (bodyLatex.length === 0) throw new CalculusError('NO_FUNCTION')\n\n  // One-sided markers (0^+, 0^-, 0^{+}) — record the side, strip the marker.\n  let side: 'both' | 'plus' | 'minus' = 'both'\n  const oneSided = /\\^\\s*\\{?\\s*([+-])\\s*\\}?\\s*$/.exec(targetLatex)\n  if (oneSided) {\n    side = oneSided[1] === '+' ? 'plus' : 'minus'\n    targetLatex = targetLatex.slice(0, oneSided.index).trim()\n  }\n\n  const expr = translateLatex(bodyLatex)\n  const fn = (x: number) => evalAt(expr, variable, x)\n  const eps = 1e-6\n\n  // Infinite targets via large-magnitude substitution.\n  let result: number\n  let targetLabel: string\n  if (/^-\\s*\\\\infty$/.test(targetLatex)) {\n    result = fn(-1e8)\n    targetLabel = '-∞'\n  } else if (/^\\\\infty$/.test(targetLatex)) {\n    result = fn(1e8)\n    targetLabel = '∞'\n  } else {\n    const target = evalBound(targetLatex)\n    targetLabel = formatNumeric(target)\n    if (side === 'plus') {\n      result = fn(target + eps)\n    } else if (side === 'minus') {\n      result = fn(target - eps)\n    } else {\n      const lo = fn(target - eps)\n      const hi = fn(target + eps)\n      const avg = (lo + hi) / 2\n      if (Math.abs(hi - lo) > 1e-3 * Math.max(1, Math.abs(avg))) {\n        throw new CalculusError('LIMIT_MISMATCH')\n      }\n      result = avg\n    }\n  }\n  if (!Number.isFinite(result)) throw new CalculusError('LIMIT_UNBOUNDED')\n\n  // Infinite-target substitution (±1e8) and the eps offset leave more residue than Simpson or the\n  // derivative difference, so snap a limit result to a nearby round value before formatting:\n  // 0.99999998 → 1, 1e-8 → 0. The tolerance is loose enough to absorb the substitution error yet\n  // far tighter than the divergence check that already rejected genuinely non-convergent limits.\n  const nearest = Math.round(result)\n  if (Math.abs(result - nearest) < 1e-6) result = nearest\n\n  return `Converted: lim ${variable}→${targetLabel} of (${expr})\\nResult (numeric): ${formatNumeric(result)}`\n}\n\n/** Human-readable, model-actionable message for each {@link CalculusError} tag. */\nfunction calculusErrorMessage(tag: string): string {\n  switch (tag) {\n    case 'INDEFINITE':\n      return 'Cannot evaluate an indefinite integral numerically. Provide bounds, e.g. \\\\int_{0}^{1} x dx.'\n    case 'NO_DIFFERENTIAL':\n      return \"Could not find the integration variable. Expected a trailing differential like 'dx'.\"\n    case 'NO_INTEGRAND':\n      return 'The integral has no integrand to evaluate.'\n    case 'INFINITE_BOUND':\n      return 'Infinite integration bounds are not supported. Provide finite numeric bounds, e.g. \\\\int_{0}^{1} f dx.'\n    case 'BAD_BOUND':\n      return 'Could not evaluate the integration bounds to numbers.'\n    case 'NO_POINT':\n      return 'Cannot evaluate a derivative numerically without a point. Specify where, e.g. \\\\frac{d}{dx}(x^2)\\\\Big|_{x=3}.'\n    case 'NO_FUNCTION':\n      return 'Could not find the function to evaluate.'\n    case 'LIMIT_MISMATCH':\n      return 'The limit may not exist (left and right values disagree).'\n    case 'LIMIT_UNBOUNDED':\n      return 'The limit appears to diverge (function is unbounded near the target).'\n    case 'NON_FINITE':\n      return 'The expression is not finite over the requested range (possible singularity); cannot evaluate numerically.'\n    default:\n      return 'Could not evaluate the calculus expression.'\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Detects a calculus construct in raw LaTeX and routes it to the matching numeric handler. Returns\n * the result/error string, or `null` when the input is not a calculus expression (so the caller\n * falls through to the scalar evaluation path unchanged).\n */\nfunction tryCalculus(latex: string): string | null {\n  let s = latex.trim()\n  s = s.replace(/^\\$\\$?|\\$\\$?$/g, '')\n  s = s.replace(/^\\\\[[(]|\\\\[\\])]$/g, '').trim()\n\n  let handler: ((expr: string) => string) | undefined\n  if (/\\\\int/.test(s)) handler = evalIntegral\n  else if (/\\\\lim/.test(s)) handler = evalLimit\n  else if (\n    /\\\\frac\\s*\\{\\s*d\\s*\\}\\s*\\{\\s*d\\s*[a-zA-Z]\\s*\\}/.test(s) ||\n    /(?:^|[^a-zA-Z])d\\s*\\/\\s*d[a-zA-Z]/.test(s)\n  )\n    handler = evalDerivative\n  if (!handler) return null\n\n  try {\n    return handler(s)\n  } catch (err) {\n    if (isInstanceOf(err, 'CalculusError', CalculusError)) {\n      return `Error: ${calculusErrorMessage(err.message)}`\n    }\n    return `Error: ${isError(err) ? err.message : String(err)}`\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Evaluates a mathjs-syntax expression and returns the numeric result alongside the KaTeX\n * representation of the parsed expression.\n *\n * @remarks\n * Supports arithmetic, trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, factorial, matrix, and unit\n * operations via `mathjs`. The mathjs instance is hardened: dangerous functions (`import`,\n * `createUnit`, `simplify`, `derivative`, `compile`, `chain`, `reviver`, `replacer`) are\n * disabled to prevent interpreter-surface exposure.\n *\n * Expressions over 1000 characters are rejected with an error string (not thrown). Parse and\n * evaluation errors are also returned as error strings — the tool surfaces math errors as\n * content rather than exceptions, so the model can react to them in-line.\n */\nexport const calculateTool = new Tool({\n  name: 'calculate',\n  description:\n    'Evaluate a math expression. Supports arithmetic, trig, log, sqrt, factorial, matrices.',\n  inputSchema: validator.object({\n    expression: validator.string().required().description('Math expression, e.g. \"sin(pi/4) + 5!\"'),\n  }),\n  handler: async (args) => {\n    const { expression } = args as { expression: string }\n\n    const lengthError = validateExpression(expression)\n    if (lengthError) return lengthError\n\n    try {\n      const result = math.evaluate!(expression)\n      const node = math.parse!(expression)\n      const katex = node.toTex()\n      return `Result: ${result}\\nKaTeX: $${katex} = ${result}$`\n    } catch (err) {\n      return `Error: ${isError(err) ? err.message : String(err)}`\n    }\n  },\n})\n\n/**\n * Translates a LaTeX/KaTeX expression using evaluatex and returns the numeric result.\n *\n * @remarks\n * Uses the evaluatex library to parse and evaluate LaTeX expressions. Handles common constructs\n * (`\\frac{a}{b}`, `\\sqrt{...}`, `\\cdot`, `\\times`, Greek macros like `\\pi`, inverse trig,\n * `\\left`/`\\right` delimiters, `\\text{...}`, subscripts, etc.) with a proper parser rather than\n * brittle regex.\n *\n * Also evaluates three calculus constructs **numerically** (mathjs has no symbolic integration, and\n * its symbolic `derivative` is blocklisted here for safety):\n * - Definite integrals — `\\int_{a}^{b} f \\,dx` via composite Simpson quadrature.\n * - Derivatives at a point — `\\frac{d}{dx} f \\big|_{x=a}` via central finite difference.\n * - Limits — `\\lim_{x \\to a} f` (including `a = \\pm\\infty`) via a two-sided numeric approach.\n *\n * Numeric results are rounded with `math.format(..., { precision: 12 })` and labelled\n * `Result (numeric):` to flag that they are approximations. Constructs that cannot be evaluated\n * numerically (indefinite integrals, derivatives without a point, infinite integration bounds,\n * singular integrands, divergent limits) return a specific, guiding error string.\n *\n * Parse and evaluation errors are returned as error strings rather than thrown.\n */\nexport const evaluateKatexTool = new Tool({\n  name: 'evaluate_katex',\n  description:\n    'Evaluate a KaTeX/LaTeX math expression and return the numeric result. Supports arithmetic, trig, logs, roots, and numeric calculus: definite integrals (\\\\int_{a}^{b} f dx), derivatives at a point (\\\\frac{d}{dx} f|_{x=a}), and limits (\\\\lim_{x \\\\to a} f).',\n  inputSchema: validator.object({\n    katex: validator\n      .string()\n      .required()\n      .description('LaTeX expression, e.g. \"\\\\frac{1}{2} + \\\\sqrt{9}\" or \"\\\\int_{0}^{1} x^2 dx\"'),\n  }),\n  handler: async (args) => {\n    const { katex } = args as { katex: string }\n\n    const lengthError = validateExpression(katex)\n    if (lengthError) return lengthError\n\n    try {\n      // Calculus (\\int, \\lim, d/dx) is detected on the raw LaTeX and evaluated numerically before\n      // the scalar flattening path, which would otherwise mangle bounds/targets. Returns null for\n      // non-calculus input, falling through to the scalar evaluator below unchanged.\n      const calculus = tryCalculus(katex)\n      if (calculus !== null) return calculus\n\n      const result = evaluateLatex(katex)\n      return `Result: ${result}`\n    } catch (err) {\n      return `Error: ${isError(err) ? err.message : String(err)}`\n    }\n  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package/batteries/tools/math.mjs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-import { o as isError } from "../../tool_registry-BGHg6KTq.mjs";
-import { t as Tool } from "../../tool-CRZSUcdP.mjs";
-import "../../common-lMrnzoyn.mjs";
+import { o as isError, s as isInstanceOf } from "../../tool_registry-D1pSSlsd.mjs";
+import { t as Tool } from "../../tool-CMhaDRNd.mjs";
+import "../../common-BT0nfCi9.mjs";
 import "../../guards.mjs";
 import { validator } from "@nhtio/validation";
 import { all, create } from "mathjs";
+import evaluatex from "evaluatex";
 //#region src/batteries/tools/math/index.ts
 /**
 * Pre-constructed tools for safe arithmetic, expression evaluation, and numeric operations.
@@ -30,20 +31,110 @@ function validateExpression(expr) {
 	if (expr.length > MAX_EXPRESSION_LENGTH) return `Expression too long (max ${MAX_EXPRESSION_LENGTH} characters).`;
 }
 /**
-* Convert common LaTeX/KaTeX notation to a mathjs-evaluable expression.
+* EvaluateX scope providing constants and function aliases that evaluatex does not ship
+* out-of-the-box, matching the capabilities that were previously provided by the mathjs
+* translation layer.
 */
-function latexToMathjs(latex) {
+var EVALUATEX_SCOPE = {
+	pi: Math.PI,
+	e: Math.E,
+	infinity: Infinity,
+	alpha: void 0,
+	beta: void 0,
+	gamma: void 0,
+	delta: void 0,
+	epsilon: void 0,
+	theta: void 0,
+	lambda: void 0,
+	mu: void 0,
+	sigma: void 0,
+	tau: void 0,
+	phi: void 0,
+	omega: void 0,
+	ln: Math.log,
+	log10: (x) => Math.log(x) / Math.LN10,
+	log2: (x) => Math.log(x) / Math.LN2,
+	nthRoot: (x, n) => Math.pow(x, 1 / n),
+	det: (x) => x
+};
+/**
+* Translate a LaTeX/KaTeX expression to evaluatex-compatible syntax and evaluate it.
+*
+* The translation is a lightweight pass over the LaTeX source that handles common constructs
+* (frac, sqrt, trig, Greek macros, delimiters, etc.) and feeds the result to evaluatex with
+* a pre-built scope providing constants and function aliases. This replaces the previous
+* hand-rolled regex → mathjs pipeline.
+*/
+function evaluateLatex(latex) {
 	let expr = latex.trim();
 	expr = expr.replace(/^\$\$?|\$\$?$/g, "");
 	expr = expr.replace(/^\\[[(]|\\[\])]$/g, "");
-	for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+	for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
 		const before = expr;
-		expr = expr.replace(/\\frac\s*\{([^{}]*)\}\s*\{([^{}]*)\}/g, "(($1)/($2))");
+		expr = expr.replace(/\\frac\s*\{([^}]*)\}\s*\{([^}]*)\}/g, "($1)/($2)");
 		if (expr === before) break;
 	}
-	expr = expr.replace(/\\sqrt\[([^\]]+)\]\s*\{([^{}]*)\}/g, "nthRoot($2, $1)");
-	expr = expr.replace(/\\sqrt\s*\{([^{}]*)\}/g, "sqrt($1)");
-	expr = expr.replace(/\\(sin|cos|tan|cot|sec|csc|arcsin|arccos|arctan|sinh|cosh|tanh|ln|log|exp|abs|det)/g, "$1");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\sqrt\[([^\]]+)\]\s*\{([^}]*)\}/g, "nthRoot($2, $1)");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\sqrt\s*\{([^}]*)\}/g, "sqrt($1)");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\arcsin/g, "asin");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\arccos/g, "acos");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\arctan/g, "atan");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\(sin|cos|tan|cot|sec|csc|sinh|cosh|tanh|ln|log|exp|abs|det)/g, "$1");
+	expr = expr.replace(/log_\{?(\w+)\}?\(/g, (_, base) => {
+		const baseLower = base.toLowerCase();
+		if (baseLower === "10") return "log10(";
+		if (baseLower === "2") return "log2(";
+		if (baseLower === "e") return "ln(";
+		return `ln(/ln(${base})`;
+	});
+	expr = expr.replace(/_\{[^}]*\}/g, "");
+	expr = expr.replace(/_\w/g, "");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\^{([^{}]*)}/g, "^($1)");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\pi/g, "pi");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\(alpha|beta|gamma|delta|epsilon|theta|lambda|mu|sigma|tau|phi|omega)/g, "$1");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\cdot/g, "*");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\times/g, "*");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\div/g, "/");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\infty/g, "infinity");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\left\s*([([{|])/g, "$1");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\right\s*([)\]}|])/g, "$1");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\sum/g, "sum");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\prod/g, "prod");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\,/g, " ");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\;/g, " ");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\quad/g, " ");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\qquad/g, " ");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\text\{([^{}]*)\}/g, "");
+	expr = expr.replace(/(\d)([a-zA-Z(])/g, "$1*$2");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\)\s*\(/g, ")*(");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\s+/g, " ").trim();
+	const result = evaluatex(expr, EVALUATEX_SCOPE)();
+	if (typeof result !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(result)) throw new Error("Result is not finite");
+	return result;
+}
+/**
+* Lightweight LaTeX-to-string translator for internal use by the numeric calculus path.
+*
+* This is the same translation pass as {@link evaluateLatex}, but returns the translated string
+* (compatible with mathjs syntax) rather than evaluating it. Used by the calculus handlers to
+* convert integrands, function bodies, and bound expressions before passing them to
+* `math.evaluate` for specific-point evaluation.
+*/
+function translateLatex(latex) {
+	let expr = latex.trim();
+	expr = expr.replace(/^\$\$?|\$\$?$/g, "");
+	expr = expr.replace(/^\\[[(]|\\[\])]$/g, "");
+	for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+		const before = expr;
+		expr = expr.replace(/\\frac\s*\{([^}]*)\}\s*\{([^}]*)\}/g, "($1)/($2)");
+		if (expr === before) break;
+	}
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\sqrt\[([^\]]+)\]\s*\{([^}]*)\}/g, "nthRoot($2, $1)");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\sqrt\s*\{([^}]*)\}/g, "sqrt($1)");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\arcsin/g, "asin");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\arccos/g, "acos");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\arctan/g, "atan");
+	expr = expr.replace(/\\(sin|cos|tan|cot|sec|csc|sinh|cosh|tanh|ln|log|exp|abs|det)/g, "$1");
 	expr = expr.replace(/log_\{?(\w+)\}?\s*\(([^)]+)\)/g, "log($2, $1)");
 	expr = expr.replace(/\^{([^{}]*)}/g, "^($1)");
 	expr = expr.replace(/_\{[^{}]*\}/g, "");
@@ -68,6 +159,222 @@ function latexToMathjs(latex) {
 	expr = expr.replace(/\s+/g, " ").trim();
 	return expr;
 }
+/** A tagged error whose message is surfaced to the model verbatim (caught by {@link tryCalculus}). */
+var CalculusError = class extends Error {};
+/** Evaluate a mathjs expression at a single point, guarding against non-finite results. */
+function evalAt(expr, varName, x) {
+	const y = math.evaluate(expr, { [varName]: x });
+	if (typeof y !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(y)) throw new CalculusError("NON_FINITE");
+	return y;
+}
+/** Composite Simpson's rule over a finite interval. Throws {@link CalculusError} on a singularity. */
+function simpson(fn, a, b, n = 1e3) {
+	if (n % 2 === 1) n++;
+	const h = (b - a) / n;
+	let sum = fn(a) + fn(b);
+	for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) sum += (i % 2 === 1 ? 4 : 2) * fn(a + i * h);
+	const result = h / 3 * sum;
+	if (!Number.isFinite(result)) throw new CalculusError("NON_FINITE");
+	return result;
+}
+/** Round numeric output to 12 significant digits, collapsing floating-point noise. */
+function formatNumeric(n) {
+	if (Math.abs(n) < 1e-9) return "0";
+	return math.format(n, { precision: 12 });
+}
+/**
+* Reads a single `_`/`^` script starting at `i`, supporting braced (`_{0}`, `^{\pi}`), command
+* (`^\pi`), and bare-token (`_0`, `^1`) forms. Returns the mark, its raw-LaTeX value, and the next
+* index, or `null` when there is no script at `i`.
+*/
+function readScript(s, i) {
+	while (s[i] === " ") i++;
+	const mark = s[i];
+	if (mark !== "_" && mark !== "^") return null;
+	i++;
+	while (s[i] === " ") i++;
+	if (s[i] === "{") {
+		let depth = 0;
+		const start = ++i;
+		for (; i < s.length; i++) if (s[i] === "{") depth++;
+		else if (s[i] === "}") {
+			if (depth === 0) break;
+			depth--;
+		}
+		return {
+			mark,
+			val: s.slice(start, i),
+			next: i + 1
+		};
+	}
+	if (s[i] === "\\") {
+		const m = /^\\[a-zA-Z]+/.exec(s.slice(i));
+		if (!m) return null;
+		return {
+			mark,
+			val: m[0],
+			next: i + m[0].length
+		};
+	}
+	const m = /^[A-Za-z0-9.]+/.exec(s.slice(i));
+	if (!m) return null;
+	return {
+		mark,
+		val: m[0],
+		next: i + m[0].length
+	};
+}
+/** Translate a raw-LaTeX bound/target fragment and evaluate it to a finite number. */
+function evalBound(latex) {
+	const trimmed = latex.trim();
+	if (/\\infty/.test(trimmed)) throw new CalculusError("INFINITE_BOUND");
+	const mathjsExpr = translateLatex(trimmed);
+	const value = math.evaluate(mathjsExpr);
+	if (typeof value !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(value)) throw new CalculusError("BAD_BOUND");
+	return value;
+}
+/** Evaluate a definite integral `\int_{a}^{b} f \,dx` by Simpson quadrature. */
+function evalIntegral(s) {
+	const m = /\\int(?:\\limits)?/.exec(s);
+	if (!m) throw new CalculusError("NOT_INTEGRAL");
+	let i = m.index + m[0].length;
+	const scripts = {
+		"_": void 0,
+		"^": void 0
+	};
+	for (let k = 0; k < 2; k++) {
+		const sc = readScript(s, i);
+		if (!sc) break;
+		scripts[sc.mark] = sc.val;
+		i = sc.next;
+	}
+	if (scripts._ === void 0 || scripts["^"] === void 0) throw new CalculusError("INDEFINITE");
+	const rest = s.slice(i);
+	const diff = /\\?,?\s*\bd\s*([a-zA-Z])\s*$/.exec(rest);
+	if (!diff) throw new CalculusError("NO_DIFFERENTIAL");
+	const variable = diff[1];
+	const integrandLatex = rest.slice(0, diff.index);
+	if (integrandLatex.trim().length === 0) throw new CalculusError("NO_INTEGRAND");
+	const a = evalBound(scripts._);
+	const b = evalBound(scripts["^"]);
+	const integrand = translateLatex(integrandLatex);
+	const fn = (x) => evalAt(integrand, variable, x);
+	let result;
+	if (a === b) result = 0;
+	else if (a < b) result = simpson(fn, a, b);
+	else result = -simpson(fn, b, a);
+	return `Converted: ∫(${integrand}) d${variable} from ${formatNumeric(a)} to ${formatNumeric(b)}\nResult (numeric): ${formatNumeric(result)}`;
+}
+/** Evaluate a derivative `\frac{d}{dx} f \big|_{x=a}` at a point via central finite difference. */
+function evalDerivative(s) {
+	let variable;
+	let body = s;
+	const fracOp = /\\frac\s*\{\s*d\s*\}\s*\{\s*d\s*([a-zA-Z])\s*\}/.exec(s);
+	if (fracOp) {
+		variable = fracOp[1];
+		body = s.slice(fracOp.index + fracOp[0].length);
+	} else {
+		const bareOp = /(?:^|[^a-zA-Z])d\s*\/\s*d([a-zA-Z])/.exec(s);
+		if (bareOp) {
+			variable = bareOp[1];
+			body = s.slice(bareOp.index + bareOp[0].length);
+		}
+	}
+	if (!variable) throw new CalculusError("NOT_DERIVATIVE");
+	body = body.replace(/\\left\.?/g, "").replace(/\\right\.?/g, "");
+	const bar = /\\?(?:Big|big|bigg|Bigg)?\s*\|\s*_\s*\{?\s*([a-zA-Z])\s*=\s*([^}]+?)\s*\}?\s*$/.exec(body);
+	if (!bar) throw new CalculusError("NO_POINT");
+	const point = evalBound(bar[2]);
+	let fnLatex = body.slice(0, bar.index).trim();
+	fnLatex = fnLatex.replace(/^\\?\(([\s\S]*)\\?\)$/, "$1").replace(/^\[([\s\S]*)\]$/, "$1").trim();
+	if (fnLatex.length === 0) throw new CalculusError("NO_FUNCTION");
+	const expr = translateLatex(fnLatex);
+	const h = 1e-6;
+	const fn = (x) => evalAt(expr, variable, x);
+	const result = (fn(point + h) - fn(point - h)) / (2 * h);
+	if (!Number.isFinite(result)) throw new CalculusError("NON_FINITE");
+	return `Converted: d/d${variable}(${expr}) at ${variable}=${formatNumeric(point)}\nResult (numeric): ${formatNumeric(result)}`;
+}
+/** Evaluate a limit `\lim_{x \to a} f(x)` by a two-sided numeric approach. */
+function evalLimit(s) {
+	const head = /\\lim\s*_\s*\{\s*([a-zA-Z])\s*\\to\s*([\s\S]+?)\s*\}/.exec(s);
+	if (!head) throw new CalculusError("NOT_LIMIT");
+	const variable = head[1];
+	let targetLatex = head[2].trim();
+	const bodyLatex = s.slice(head.index + head[0].length).trim();
+	if (bodyLatex.length === 0) throw new CalculusError("NO_FUNCTION");
+	let side = "both";
+	const oneSided = /\^\s*\{?\s*([+-])\s*\}?\s*$/.exec(targetLatex);
+	if (oneSided) {
+		side = oneSided[1] === "+" ? "plus" : "minus";
+		targetLatex = targetLatex.slice(0, oneSided.index).trim();
+	}
+	const expr = translateLatex(bodyLatex);
+	const fn = (x) => evalAt(expr, variable, x);
+	const eps = 1e-6;
+	let result;
+	let targetLabel;
+	if (/^-\s*\\infty$/.test(targetLatex)) {
+		result = fn(-1e8);
+		targetLabel = "-∞";
+	} else if (/^\\infty$/.test(targetLatex)) {
+		result = fn(1e8);
+		targetLabel = "∞";
+	} else {
+		const target = evalBound(targetLatex);
+		targetLabel = formatNumeric(target);
+		if (side === "plus") result = fn(target + eps);
+		else if (side === "minus") result = fn(target - eps);
+		else {
+			const lo = fn(target - eps);
+			const hi = fn(target + eps);
+			const avg = (lo + hi) / 2;
+			if (Math.abs(hi - lo) > .001 * Math.max(1, Math.abs(avg))) throw new CalculusError("LIMIT_MISMATCH");
+			result = avg;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!Number.isFinite(result)) throw new CalculusError("LIMIT_UNBOUNDED");
+	const nearest = Math.round(result);
+	if (Math.abs(result - nearest) < 1e-6) result = nearest;
+	return `Converted: lim ${variable}→${targetLabel} of (${expr})\nResult (numeric): ${formatNumeric(result)}`;
+}
+/** Human-readable, model-actionable message for each {@link CalculusError} tag. */
+function calculusErrorMessage(tag) {
+	switch (tag) {
+		case "INDEFINITE": return "Cannot evaluate an indefinite integral numerically. Provide bounds, e.g. \\int_{0}^{1} x dx.";
+		case "NO_DIFFERENTIAL": return "Could not find the integration variable. Expected a trailing differential like 'dx'.";
+		case "NO_INTEGRAND": return "The integral has no integrand to evaluate.";
+		case "INFINITE_BOUND": return "Infinite integration bounds are not supported. Provide finite numeric bounds, e.g. \\int_{0}^{1} f dx.";
+		case "BAD_BOUND": return "Could not evaluate the integration bounds to numbers.";
+		case "NO_POINT": return "Cannot evaluate a derivative numerically without a point. Specify where, e.g. \\frac{d}{dx}(x^2)\\Big|_{x=3}.";
+		case "NO_FUNCTION": return "Could not find the function to evaluate.";
+		case "LIMIT_MISMATCH": return "The limit may not exist (left and right values disagree).";
+		case "LIMIT_UNBOUNDED": return "The limit appears to diverge (function is unbounded near the target).";
+		case "NON_FINITE": return "The expression is not finite over the requested range (possible singularity); cannot evaluate numerically.";
+		default: return "Could not evaluate the calculus expression.";
+	}
+}
+/**
+* Detects a calculus construct in raw LaTeX and routes it to the matching numeric handler. Returns
+* the result/error string, or `null` when the input is not a calculus expression (so the caller
+* falls through to the scalar evaluation path unchanged).
+*/
+function tryCalculus(latex) {
+	let s = latex.trim();
+	s = s.replace(/^\$\$?|\$\$?$/g, "");
+	s = s.replace(/^\\[[(]|\\[\])]$/g, "").trim();
+	let handler;
+	if (/\\int/.test(s)) handler = evalIntegral;
+	else if (/\\lim/.test(s)) handler = evalLimit;
+	else if (/\\frac\s*\{\s*d\s*\}\s*\{\s*d\s*[a-zA-Z]\s*\}/.test(s) || /(?:^|[^a-zA-Z])d\s*\/\s*d[a-zA-Z]/.test(s)) handler = evalDerivative;
+	if (!handler) return null;
+	try {
+		return handler(s);
+	} catch (err) {
+		if (isInstanceOf(err, "CalculusError", CalculusError)) return `Error: ${calculusErrorMessage(err.message)}`;
+		return `Error: ${isError(err) ? err.message : String(err)}`;
+	}
+}
 /**
 * Evaluates a mathjs-syntax expression and returns the numeric result alongside the KaTeX
 * representation of the parsed expression.
@@ -99,29 +406,39 @@ var calculateTool = new Tool({
 	}
 });
 /**
-* Translates a LaTeX/KaTeX expression into mathjs syntax, evaluates it, and returns the result.
+* Translates a LaTeX/KaTeX expression using evaluatex and returns the numeric result.
 *
 * @remarks
-* Translates common LaTeX constructs (`\frac{a}{b}`, `\sqrt{...}`, `\cdot`, `\times`, Greek
-* macros like `\pi`, `\left`/`\right` delimiters, `\text{...}`, subscripts, etc.) into their
-* mathjs equivalents before evaluation. Both the source and the translated mathjs expression
-* are subject to the 1000-character length cap.
+* Uses the evaluatex library to parse and evaluate LaTeX expressions. Handles common constructs
+* (`\frac{a}{b}`, `\sqrt{...}`, `\cdot`, `\times`, Greek macros like `\pi`, inverse trig,
+* `\left`/`\right` delimiters, `\text{...}`, subscripts, etc.) with a proper parser rather than
+* brittle regex.
+*
+* Also evaluates three calculus constructs **numerically** (mathjs has no symbolic integration, and
+* its symbolic `derivative` is blocklisted here for safety):
+* - Definite integrals — `\int_{a}^{b} f \,dx` via composite Simpson quadrature.
+* - Derivatives at a point — `\frac{d}{dx} f \big|_{x=a}` via central finite difference.
+* - Limits — `\lim_{x \to a} f` (including `a = \pm\infty`) via a two-sided numeric approach.
+*
+* Numeric results are rounded with `math.format(..., { precision: 12 })` and labelled
+* `Result (numeric):` to flag that they are approximations. Constructs that cannot be evaluated
+* numerically (indefinite integrals, derivatives without a point, infinite integration bounds,
+* singular integrands, divergent limits) return a specific, guiding error string.
 *
 * Parse and evaluation errors are returned as error strings rather than thrown.
 */
 var evaluateKatexTool = new Tool({
 	name: "evaluate_katex",
-	description: "Evaluate a KaTeX/LaTeX math expression and return the numeric result.",
-	inputSchema: validator.object({ katex: validator.string().required().description("LaTeX expression, e.g. \"\\frac{1}{2} + \\sqrt{9}\"") }),
+	description: "Evaluate a KaTeX/LaTeX math expression and return the numeric result. Supports arithmetic, trig, logs, roots, and numeric calculus: definite integrals (\\int_{a}^{b} f dx), derivatives at a point (\\frac{d}{dx} f|_{x=a}), and limits (\\lim_{x \\to a} f).",
+	inputSchema: validator.object({ katex: validator.string().required().description("LaTeX expression, e.g. \"\\frac{1}{2} + \\sqrt{9}\" or \"\\int_{0}^{1} x^2 dx\"") }),
 	handler: async (args) => {
 		const { katex } = args;
 		const lengthError = validateExpression(katex);
 		if (lengthError) return lengthError;
 		try {
-			const mathjsExpr = latexToMathjs(katex);
-			const translatedLengthError = validateExpression(mathjsExpr);
-			if (translatedLengthError) return translatedLengthError;
-			return `Converted: ${mathjsExpr}\nResult: ${math.evaluate(mathjsExpr)}`;
+			const calculus = tryCalculus(katex);
+			if (calculus !== null) return calculus;
+			return `Result: ${evaluateLatex(katex)}`;
 		} catch (err) {
 			return `Error: ${isError(err) ? err.message : String(err)}`;
 		}

package/batteries/tools/math.mjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"math.mjs","names":[],"sources":["../../../src/batteries/tools/math/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Pre-constructed tools for safe arithmetic, expression evaluation, and numeric operations.\n *\n * @module @nhtio/adk/batteries/tools/math\n *\n * @remarks\n * Pre-constructed bundled tools for the `math` category. Import individually, the whole\n * category, or import every tool via `@nhtio/adk/batteries`.\n */\n\nimport { create, all } from 'mathjs'\nimport { Tool } from '@nhtio/adk/common'\nimport { isError } from '@nhtio/adk/guards'\nimport { validator } from '@nhtio/validation'\n\nconst math = create(all)\n\nconst BLOCKED_FUNCTIONS = [\n  'import',\n  'createUnit',\n  'simplify',\n  'derivative',\n  'compile',\n  'chain',\n  'reviver',\n  'replacer',\n]\n\nfor (const fn of BLOCKED_FUNCTIONS) {\n  if (fn in math) {\n    ;(math as any)[fn] = undefined\n  }\n}\n\nconst MAX_EXPRESSION_LENGTH = 1000\n\nfunction validateExpression(expr: string): string | undefined {\n  if (expr.length > MAX_EXPRESSION_LENGTH) {\n    return `Expression too long (max ${MAX_EXPRESSION_LENGTH} characters).`\n  }\n  return undefined\n}\n\n/**\n * Convert common LaTeX/KaTeX notation to a mathjs-evaluable expression.\n */\nfunction latexToMathjs(latex: string): string {\n  let expr = latex.trim()\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/^\\$\\$?|\\$\\$?$/g, '')\n  expr = expr.replace(/^\\\\[[(]|\\\\[\\])]$/g, '')\n\n  for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {\n    const before = expr\n    expr = expr.replace(/\\\\frac\\s*\\{([^{}]*)\\}\\s*\\{([^{}]*)\\}/g, '(($1)/($2))')\n    if (expr === before) break\n  }\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sqrt\\[([^\\]]+)\\]\\s*\\{([^{}]*)\\}/g, 'nthRoot($2, $1)')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sqrt\\s*\\{([^{}]*)\\}/g, 'sqrt($1)')\n\n  expr = expr.replace(\n    /\\\\(sin|cos|tan|cot|sec|csc|arcsin|arccos|arctan|sinh|cosh|tanh|ln|log|exp|abs|det)/g,\n    '$1'\n  )\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/log_\\{?(\\w+)\\}?\\s*\\(([^)]+)\\)/g, 'log($2, $1)')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\^{([^{}]*)}/g, '^($1)')\n  expr = expr.replace(/_\\{[^{}]*\\}/g, '')\n  expr = expr.replace(/_\\w/g, '')\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\pi/g, 'pi')\n  expr = expr.replace(\n    /\\\\(alpha|beta|gamma|delta|epsilon|theta|lambda|mu|sigma|tau|phi|omega)/g,\n    '$1'\n  )\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\cdot/g, '*')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\times/g, '*')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\div/g, '/')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\infty/g, 'Infinity')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\left\\s*([([{|])/g, '$1')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\right\\s*([)\\]}|])/g, '$1')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sum/g, 'sum')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\prod/g, 'prod')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\,/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\;/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\quad/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\qquad/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\text\\{([^{}]*)\\}/g, '')\n  expr = expr.replace(/(\\d)([a-zA-Z(])/g, '$1*$2')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\)\\s*\\(/g, ')*(')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\s+/g, ' ').trim()\n\n  return expr\n}\n\n/**\n * Evaluates a mathjs-syntax expression and returns the numeric result alongside the KaTeX\n * representation of the parsed expression.\n *\n * @remarks\n * Supports arithmetic, trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, factorial, matrix, and unit\n * operations via `mathjs`. The mathjs instance is hardened: dangerous functions (`import`,\n * `createUnit`, `simplify`, `derivative`, `compile`, `chain`, `reviver`, `replacer`) are\n * disabled to prevent interpreter-surface exposure.\n *\n * Expressions over 1000 characters are rejected with an error string (not thrown). Parse and\n * evaluation errors are also returned as error strings — the tool surfaces math errors as\n * content rather than exceptions, so the model can react to them in-line.\n */\nexport const calculateTool = new Tool({\n  name: 'calculate',\n  description:\n    'Evaluate a math expression. Supports arithmetic, trig, log, sqrt, factorial, matrices.',\n  inputSchema: validator.object({\n    expression: validator.string().required().description('Math expression, e.g. \"sin(pi/4) + 5!\"'),\n  }),\n  handler: async (args) => {\n    const { expression } = args as { expression: string }\n\n    const lengthError = validateExpression(expression)\n    if (lengthError) return lengthError\n\n    try {\n      const result = math.evaluate!(expression)\n      const node = math.parse!(expression)\n      const katex = node.toTex()\n      return `Result: ${result}\\nKaTeX: $${katex} = ${result}$`\n    } catch (err) {\n      return `Error: ${isError(err) ? err.message : String(err)}`\n    }\n  },\n})\n\n/**\n * Translates a LaTeX/KaTeX expression into mathjs syntax, evaluates it, and returns the result.\n *\n * @remarks\n * Translates common LaTeX constructs (`\\frac{a}{b}`, `\\sqrt{...}`, `\\cdot`, `\\times`, Greek\n * macros like `\\pi`, `\\left`/`\\right` delimiters, `\\text{...}`, subscripts, etc.) into their\n * mathjs equivalents before evaluation. 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+{"version":3,"file":"math.mjs","names":[],"sources":["../../../src/batteries/tools/math/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Pre-constructed tools for safe arithmetic, expression evaluation, and numeric operations.\n *\n * @module @nhtio/adk/batteries/tools/math\n *\n * @remarks\n * Pre-constructed bundled tools for the `math` category. Import individually, the whole\n * category, or import every tool via `@nhtio/adk/batteries`.\n */\n\nimport { create, all } from 'mathjs'\nimport { Tool } from '@nhtio/adk/common'\nimport { validator } from '@nhtio/validation'\nimport { default as evaluatex } from 'evaluatex'\nimport { isError, isInstanceOf } from '@nhtio/adk/guards'\n\nconst math = create(all)\n\nconst BLOCKED_FUNCTIONS = [\n  'import',\n  'createUnit',\n  'simplify',\n  'derivative',\n  'compile',\n  'chain',\n  'reviver',\n  'replacer',\n]\n\nfor (const fn of BLOCKED_FUNCTIONS) {\n  if (fn in math) {\n    ;(math as any)[fn] = undefined\n  }\n}\n\nconst MAX_EXPRESSION_LENGTH = 1000\n\nfunction validateExpression(expr: string): string | undefined {\n  if (expr.length > MAX_EXPRESSION_LENGTH) {\n    return `Expression too long (max ${MAX_EXPRESSION_LENGTH} characters).`\n  }\n  return undefined\n}\n\n/**\n * EvaluateX scope providing constants and function aliases that evaluatex does not ship\n * out-of-the-box, matching the capabilities that were previously provided by the mathjs\n * translation layer.\n */\nconst EVALUATEX_SCOPE: Record<string, unknown> = {\n  // Mathematical constants\n  pi: Math.PI,\n  e: Math.E,\n  infinity: Infinity,\n  // Greek letters as named constants (matching LaTeX macro names)\n  alpha: undefined,\n  beta: undefined,\n  gamma: undefined,\n  delta: undefined,\n  epsilon: undefined,\n  theta: undefined,\n  lambda: undefined,\n  mu: undefined,\n  sigma: undefined,\n  tau: undefined,\n  phi: undefined,\n  omega: undefined,\n  // Function aliases — evaluatex uses log for natural log; provide ln as alias,\n  // plus common log bases and nthRoot for \\sqrt[n]{...}.\n  ln: Math.log,\n  log10: (x: number) => Math.log(x) / Math.LN10,\n  log2: (x: number) => Math.log(x) / Math.LN2,\n  nthRoot: (x: number, n: number) => Math.pow(x, 1 / n),\n  // Determinant (identity for scalars — det([a,b;c,d]) is not supported in the scalar path)\n  det: (x: number) => x,\n}\n\n/**\n * Translate a LaTeX/KaTeX expression to evaluatex-compatible syntax and evaluate it.\n *\n * The translation is a lightweight pass over the LaTeX source that handles common constructs\n * (frac, sqrt, trig, Greek macros, delimiters, etc.) and feeds the result to evaluatex with\n * a pre-built scope providing constants and function aliases. This replaces the previous\n * hand-rolled regex → mathjs pipeline.\n */\nfunction evaluateLatex(latex: string): number {\n  let expr = latex.trim()\n\n  // Strip display/inline math delimiters: $$...$$ or $...$\n  expr = expr.replace(/^\\$\\$?|\\$\\$?$/g, '')\n  // Strip \\[ ... \\] or \\( ... \\) delimiters\n  expr = expr.replace(/^\\\\[[(]|\\\\[\\])]$/g, '')\n\n  // ---- LaTeX command translation ----\n\n  // \\frac{a}{b} → (a)/(b) — iterates to handle nested fractions\n  for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {\n    const before = expr\n    expr = expr.replace(/\\\\frac\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}/g, '($1)/($2)')\n    if (expr === before) break\n  }\n\n  // \\sqrt[n]{x} → nthRoot(x, n)\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sqrt\\[([^\\]]+)\\]\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}/g, 'nthRoot($2, $1)')\n  // \\sqrt{x} → sqrt(x)\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sqrt\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}/g, 'sqrt($1)')\n\n  // Inverse trig: \\arcsin → asin (evaluatex uses asin/acos/atan natively)\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\arcsin/g, 'asin')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\arccos/g, 'acos')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\arctan/g, 'atan')\n\n  // Strip backslash from known function macros: \\sin, \\cos, \\tan, \\cot, \\sec, \\csc,\n  // \\sinh, \\cosh, \\tanh, \\ln, \\log, \\exp, \\abs, etc.\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\(sin|cos|tan|cot|sec|csc|sinh|cosh|tanh|ln|log|exp|abs|det)/g, '$1')\n\n  // Subscript-based log: \\log_2(x) → log2(x), or just strip subscript for single-arg\n  expr = expr.replace(/log_\\{?(\\w+)\\}?\\(/g, (_, base) => {\n    const baseLower = base.toLowerCase()\n    if (baseLower === '10') return 'log10('\n    if (baseLower === '2') return 'log2('\n    if (baseLower === 'e') return 'ln('\n    // Generic base: convert log_b(x) to ln(x)/ln(b) — evaluatex handles the\n    // resulting expression fine.\n    return `ln(/ln(${base})`\n  })\n  // Strip any remaining subscripts (e.g. x_1, a_n)\n  expr = expr.replace(/_\\{[^}]*\\}/g, '')\n  expr = expr.replace(/_\\w/g, '')\n\n  // Powers: ^{...} → ^(...)\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\^{([^{}]*)}/g, '^($1)')\n\n  // Greek letter macros\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\pi/g, 'pi')\n  expr = expr.replace(\n    /\\\\(alpha|beta|gamma|delta|epsilon|theta|lambda|mu|sigma|tau|phi|omega)/g,\n    '$1'\n  )\n\n  // Spacing and operators\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\cdot/g, '*')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\times/g, '*')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\div/g, '/')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\infty/g, 'infinity')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\left\\s*([([{|])/g, '$1')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\right\\s*([)\\]}|])/g, '$1')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sum/g, 'sum')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\prod/g, 'prod')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\,/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\;/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\quad/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\qquad/g, ' ')\n  // Strip \\text{...} blocks entirely\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\text\\{([^{}]*)\\}/g, '')\n\n  // Implicit multiplication: 2x, 3(x+1), etc.\n  expr = expr.replace(/(\\d)([a-zA-Z(])/g, '$1*$2')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\)\\s*\\(/g, ')*(')\n\n  // Collapse whitespace\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\s+/g, ' ').trim()\n\n  const fn = evaluatex(expr, EVALUATEX_SCOPE)\n  const result = fn()\n  if (typeof result !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(result)) {\n    throw new Error('Result is not finite')\n  }\n  return result\n}\n\n/**\n * Lightweight LaTeX-to-string translator for internal use by the numeric calculus path.\n *\n * This is the same translation pass as {@link evaluateLatex}, but returns the translated string\n * (compatible with mathjs syntax) rather than evaluating it. Used by the calculus handlers to\n * convert integrands, function bodies, and bound expressions before passing them to\n * `math.evaluate` for specific-point evaluation.\n */\nfunction translateLatex(latex: string): string {\n  let expr = latex.trim()\n  expr = expr.replace(/^\\$\\$?|\\$\\$?$/g, '')\n  expr = expr.replace(/^\\\\[[(]|\\\\[\\])]$/g, '')\n\n  for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {\n    const before = expr\n    expr = expr.replace(/\\\\frac\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}/g, '($1)/($2)')\n    if (expr === before) break\n  }\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sqrt\\[([^\\]]+)\\]\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}/g, 'nthRoot($2, $1)')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sqrt\\s*\\{([^}]*)\\}/g, 'sqrt($1)')\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\arcsin/g, 'asin')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\arccos/g, 'acos')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\arctan/g, 'atan')\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\(sin|cos|tan|cot|sec|csc|sinh|cosh|tanh|ln|log|exp|abs|det)/g, '$1')\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/log_\\{?(\\w+)\\}?\\s*\\(([^)]+)\\)/g, 'log($2, $1)')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\^{([^{}]*)}/g, '^($1)')\n  expr = expr.replace(/_\\{[^{}]*\\}/g, '')\n  expr = expr.replace(/_\\w/g, '')\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\pi/g, 'pi')\n  expr = expr.replace(\n    /\\\\(alpha|beta|gamma|delta|epsilon|theta|lambda|mu|sigma|tau|phi|omega)/g,\n    '$1'\n  )\n\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\cdot/g, '*')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\times/g, '*')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\div/g, '/')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\infty/g, 'Infinity')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\left\\s*([([{|])/g, '$1')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\right\\s*([)\\]}|])/g, '$1')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\sum/g, 'sum')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\prod/g, 'prod')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\,/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\;/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\quad/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\qquad/g, ' ')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\\\text\\{([^{}]*)\\}/g, '')\n  expr = expr.replace(/(\\d)([a-zA-Z(])/g, '$1*$2')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\)\\s*\\(/g, ')*(')\n  expr = expr.replace(/\\s+/g, ' ').trim()\n\n  return expr\n}\n\n// ─── Numeric calculus ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n//\n// `evaluate_katex` is a numeric evaluator. mathjs has no symbolic integration, and its symbolic\n// `derivative` is intentionally blocklisted above, so calculus is computed NUMERICALLY: definite\n// integrals via composite Simpson quadrature, derivatives via central finite differences, and limits\n// via a two-sided approach. These are approximations (correct to ~1e-9 for the smooth expressions a\n// model emits), surfaced under a `Result (numeric):` label so the distinction is explicit.\n//\n// Detection runs on the RAW LaTeX, before `translateLatex` flattens it — its subscript stripping\n// would otherwise destroy integral bounds (`\\int_{0}^{1}` → `\\int^(1)`) and limit targets. The\n// extracted sub-expressions (integrand, bounds, body, point) are then translated by the existing\n// `translateLatex` and evaluated per-point with a scope, which works under the security blocklist.\n\n/** A tagged error whose message is surfaced to the model verbatim (caught by {@link tryCalculus}). */\nclass CalculusError extends Error {}\n\n/** Evaluate a mathjs expression at a single point, guarding against non-finite results. */\nfunction evalAt(expr: string, varName: string, x: number): number {\n  const y = math.evaluate!(expr, { [varName]: x })\n  if (typeof y !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(y)) {\n    throw new CalculusError('NON_FINITE')\n  }\n  return y\n}\n\n/** Composite Simpson's rule over a finite interval. Throws {@link CalculusError} on a singularity. */\nfunction simpson(fn: (x: number) => number, a: number, b: number, n = 1000): number {\n  if (n % 2 === 1) n++\n  const h = (b - a) / n\n  let sum = fn(a) + fn(b)\n  for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n    sum += (i % 2 === 1 ? 4 : 2) * fn(a + i * h)\n  }\n  const result = (h / 3) * sum\n  if (!Number.isFinite(result)) throw new CalculusError('NON_FINITE')\n  return result\n}\n\n/** Round numeric output to 12 significant digits, collapsing floating-point noise. */\nfunction formatNumeric(n: number): string {\n  // Snap values that are zero-to-within-tolerance to exactly 0 (e.g. lim_{x->inf} 1/x ≈ 1e-8).\n  if (Math.abs(n) < 1e-9) return '0'\n  return math.format!(n, { precision: 12 })\n}\n\n/**\n * Reads a single `_`/`^` script starting at `i`, supporting braced (`_{0}`, `^{\\pi}`), command\n * (`^\\pi`), and bare-token (`_0`, `^1`) forms. Returns the mark, its raw-LaTeX value, and the next\n * index, or `null` when there is no script at `i`.\n */\nfunction readScript(s: string, i: number): { mark: '_' | '^'; val: string; next: number } | null {\n  while (s[i] === ' ') i++\n  const mark = s[i]\n  if (mark !== '_' && mark !== '^') return null\n  i++\n  while (s[i] === ' ') i++\n  if (s[i] === '{') {\n    let depth = 0\n    const start = ++i\n    for (; i < s.length; i++) {\n      if (s[i] === '{') depth++\n      else if (s[i] === '}') {\n        if (depth === 0) break\n        depth--\n      }\n    }\n    return { mark, val: s.slice(start, i), next: i + 1 }\n  }\n  if (s[i] === '\\\\') {\n    const m = /^\\\\[a-zA-Z]+/.exec(s.slice(i))\n    if (!m) return null\n    return { mark, val: m[0], next: i + m[0].length }\n  }\n  const m = /^[A-Za-z0-9.]+/.exec(s.slice(i))\n  if (!m) return null\n  return { mark, val: m[0], next: i + m[0].length }\n}\n\n/** Translate a raw-LaTeX bound/target fragment and evaluate it to a finite number. */\nfunction evalBound(latex: string): number {\n  const trimmed = latex.trim()\n  if (/\\\\infty/.test(trimmed)) throw new CalculusError('INFINITE_BOUND')\n  const mathjsExpr = translateLatex(trimmed)\n  const value = math.evaluate!(mathjsExpr)\n  if (typeof value !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(value)) {\n    throw new CalculusError('BAD_BOUND')\n  }\n  return value\n}\n\n/** Evaluate a definite integral `\\int_{a}^{b} f \\,dx` by Simpson quadrature. */\nfunction evalIntegral(s: string): string {\n  // Strip the operator (\\int, optionally with \\limits).\n  const m = /\\\\int(?:\\\\limits)?/.exec(s)\n  if (!m) throw new CalculusError('NOT_INTEGRAL')\n  let i = m.index + m[0].length\n\n  // Read up to two scripts (bounds), in either order.\n  const scripts: Record<'_' | '^', string | undefined> = { '_': undefined, '^': undefined }\n  for (let k = 0; k < 2; k++) {\n    const sc = readScript(s, i)\n    if (!sc) break\n    scripts[sc.mark] = sc.val\n    i = sc.next\n  }\n  if (scripts._ === undefined || scripts['^'] === undefined) {\n    throw new CalculusError('INDEFINITE')\n  }\n\n  // The remainder is `integrand … d<var>`. Pull the trailing differential off the end.\n  const rest = s.slice(i)\n  const diff = /\\\\?,?\\s*\\bd\\s*([a-zA-Z])\\s*$/.exec(rest)\n  if (!diff) throw new CalculusError('NO_DIFFERENTIAL')\n  const variable = diff[1]\n  const integrandLatex = rest.slice(0, diff.index)\n  if (integrandLatex.trim().length === 0) throw new CalculusError('NO_INTEGRAND')\n\n  const a = evalBound(scripts._)\n  const b = evalBound(scripts['^'])\n  const integrand = translateLatex(integrandLatex)\n  const fn = (x: number) => evalAt(integrand, variable, x)\n\n  let result: number\n  if (a === b) result = 0\n  else if (a < b) result = simpson(fn, a, b)\n  else result = -simpson(fn, b, a)\n\n  return `Converted: ∫(${integrand}) d${variable} from ${formatNumeric(a)} to ${formatNumeric(b)}\\nResult (numeric): ${formatNumeric(result)}`\n}\n\n/** Evaluate a derivative `\\frac{d}{dx} f \\big|_{x=a}` at a point via central finite difference. */\nfunction evalDerivative(s: string): string {\n  // Operator + variable: \\frac{d}{dx} … or bare d/dx ….\n  let variable: string | undefined\n  let body = s\n  const fracOp = /\\\\frac\\s*\\{\\s*d\\s*\\}\\s*\\{\\s*d\\s*([a-zA-Z])\\s*\\}/.exec(s)\n  if (fracOp) {\n    variable = fracOp[1]\n    body = s.slice(fracOp.index + fracOp[0].length)\n  } else {\n    const bareOp = /(?:^|[^a-zA-Z])d\\s*\\/\\s*d([a-zA-Z])/.exec(s)\n    if (bareOp) {\n      variable = bareOp[1]\n      body = s.slice(bareOp.index + bareOp[0].length)\n    }\n  }\n  if (!variable) throw new CalculusError('NOT_DERIVATIVE')\n\n  // Remove pure \\left. / \\right. delimiters.\n  body = body.replace(/\\\\left\\.?/g, '').replace(/\\\\right\\.?/g, '')\n\n  // Evaluation bar + point at the end: …|_{x=3} (optionally \\Big| etc.).\n  const bar = /\\\\?(?:Big|big|bigg|Bigg)?\\s*\\|\\s*_\\s*\\{?\\s*([a-zA-Z])\\s*=\\s*([^}]+?)\\s*\\}?\\s*$/.exec(\n    body\n  )\n  if (!bar) throw new CalculusError('NO_POINT')\n  const point = evalBound(bar[2])\n  let fnLatex = body.slice(0, bar.index).trim()\n\n  // Strip one layer of wrapping parentheses/brackets around the function body.\n  fnLatex = fnLatex\n    .replace(/^\\\\?\\(([\\s\\S]*)\\\\?\\)$/, '$1')\n    .replace(/^\\[([\\s\\S]*)\\]$/, '$1')\n    .trim()\n  if (fnLatex.length === 0) throw new CalculusError('NO_FUNCTION')\n\n  const expr = translateLatex(fnLatex)\n  const h = 1e-6\n  const fn = (x: number) => evalAt(expr, variable, x)\n  const result = (fn(point + h) - fn(point - h)) / (2 * h)\n  if (!Number.isFinite(result)) throw new CalculusError('NON_FINITE')\n\n  return `Converted: d/d${variable}(${expr}) at ${variable}=${formatNumeric(point)}\\nResult (numeric): ${formatNumeric(result)}`\n}\n\n/** Evaluate a limit `\\lim_{x \\to a} f(x)` by a two-sided numeric approach. */\nfunction evalLimit(s: string): string {\n  const head = /\\\\lim\\s*_\\s*\\{\\s*([a-zA-Z])\\s*\\\\to\\s*([\\s\\S]+?)\\s*\\}/.exec(s)\n  if (!head) throw new CalculusError('NOT_LIMIT')\n  const variable = head[1]\n  let targetLatex = head[2].trim()\n  const bodyLatex = s.slice(head.index + head[0].length).trim()\n  if (bodyLatex.length === 0) throw new CalculusError('NO_FUNCTION')\n\n  // One-sided markers (0^+, 0^-, 0^{+}) — record the side, strip the marker.\n  let side: 'both' | 'plus' | 'minus' = 'both'\n  const oneSided = /\\^\\s*\\{?\\s*([+-])\\s*\\}?\\s*$/.exec(targetLatex)\n  if (oneSided) {\n    side = oneSided[1] === '+' ? 'plus' : 'minus'\n    targetLatex = targetLatex.slice(0, oneSided.index).trim()\n  }\n\n  const expr = translateLatex(bodyLatex)\n  const fn = (x: number) => evalAt(expr, variable, x)\n  const eps = 1e-6\n\n  // Infinite targets via large-magnitude substitution.\n  let result: number\n  let targetLabel: string\n  if (/^-\\s*\\\\infty$/.test(targetLatex)) {\n    result = fn(-1e8)\n    targetLabel = '-∞'\n  } else if (/^\\\\infty$/.test(targetLatex)) {\n    result = fn(1e8)\n    targetLabel = '∞'\n  } else {\n    const target = evalBound(targetLatex)\n    targetLabel = formatNumeric(target)\n    if (side === 'plus') {\n      result = fn(target + eps)\n    } else if (side === 'minus') {\n      result = fn(target - eps)\n    } else {\n      const lo = fn(target - eps)\n      const hi = fn(target + eps)\n      const avg = (lo + hi) / 2\n      if (Math.abs(hi - lo) > 1e-3 * Math.max(1, Math.abs(avg))) {\n        throw new CalculusError('LIMIT_MISMATCH')\n      }\n      result = avg\n    }\n  }\n  if (!Number.isFinite(result)) throw new CalculusError('LIMIT_UNBOUNDED')\n\n  // Infinite-target substitution (±1e8) and the eps offset leave more residue than Simpson or the\n  // derivative difference, so snap a limit result to a nearby round value before formatting:\n  // 0.99999998 → 1, 1e-8 → 0. The tolerance is loose enough to absorb the substitution error yet\n  // far tighter than the divergence check that already rejected genuinely non-convergent limits.\n  const nearest = Math.round(result)\n  if (Math.abs(result - nearest) < 1e-6) result = nearest\n\n  return `Converted: lim ${variable}→${targetLabel} of (${expr})\\nResult (numeric): ${formatNumeric(result)}`\n}\n\n/** Human-readable, model-actionable message for each {@link CalculusError} tag. */\nfunction calculusErrorMessage(tag: string): string {\n  switch (tag) {\n    case 'INDEFINITE':\n      return 'Cannot evaluate an indefinite integral numerically. Provide bounds, e.g. \\\\int_{0}^{1} x dx.'\n    case 'NO_DIFFERENTIAL':\n      return \"Could not find the integration variable. Expected a trailing differential like 'dx'.\"\n    case 'NO_INTEGRAND':\n      return 'The integral has no integrand to evaluate.'\n    case 'INFINITE_BOUND':\n      return 'Infinite integration bounds are not supported. Provide finite numeric bounds, e.g. \\\\int_{0}^{1} f dx.'\n    case 'BAD_BOUND':\n      return 'Could not evaluate the integration bounds to numbers.'\n    case 'NO_POINT':\n      return 'Cannot evaluate a derivative numerically without a point. Specify where, e.g. \\\\frac{d}{dx}(x^2)\\\\Big|_{x=3}.'\n    case 'NO_FUNCTION':\n      return 'Could not find the function to evaluate.'\n    case 'LIMIT_MISMATCH':\n      return 'The limit may not exist (left and right values disagree).'\n    case 'LIMIT_UNBOUNDED':\n      return 'The limit appears to diverge (function is unbounded near the target).'\n    case 'NON_FINITE':\n      return 'The expression is not finite over the requested range (possible singularity); cannot evaluate numerically.'\n    default:\n      return 'Could not evaluate the calculus expression.'\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Detects a calculus construct in raw LaTeX and routes it to the matching numeric handler. Returns\n * the result/error string, or `null` when the input is not a calculus expression (so the caller\n * falls through to the scalar evaluation path unchanged).\n */\nfunction tryCalculus(latex: string): string | null {\n  let s = latex.trim()\n  s = s.replace(/^\\$\\$?|\\$\\$?$/g, '')\n  s = s.replace(/^\\\\[[(]|\\\\[\\])]$/g, '').trim()\n\n  let handler: ((expr: string) => string) | undefined\n  if (/\\\\int/.test(s)) handler = evalIntegral\n  else if (/\\\\lim/.test(s)) handler = evalLimit\n  else if (\n    /\\\\frac\\s*\\{\\s*d\\s*\\}\\s*\\{\\s*d\\s*[a-zA-Z]\\s*\\}/.test(s) ||\n    /(?:^|[^a-zA-Z])d\\s*\\/\\s*d[a-zA-Z]/.test(s)\n  )\n    handler = evalDerivative\n  if (!handler) return null\n\n  try {\n    return handler(s)\n  } catch (err) {\n    if (isInstanceOf(err, 'CalculusError', CalculusError)) {\n      return `Error: ${calculusErrorMessage(err.message)}`\n    }\n    return `Error: ${isError(err) ? err.message : String(err)}`\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Evaluates a mathjs-syntax expression and returns the numeric result alongside the KaTeX\n * representation of the parsed expression.\n *\n * @remarks\n * Supports arithmetic, trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, factorial, matrix, and unit\n * operations via `mathjs`. The mathjs instance is hardened: dangerous functions (`import`,\n * `createUnit`, `simplify`, `derivative`, `compile`, `chain`, `reviver`, `replacer`) are\n * disabled to prevent interpreter-surface exposure.\n *\n * Expressions over 1000 characters are rejected with an error string (not thrown). Parse and\n * evaluation errors are also returned as error strings — the tool surfaces math errors as\n * content rather than exceptions, so the model can react to them in-line.\n */\nexport const calculateTool = new Tool({\n  name: 'calculate',\n  description:\n    'Evaluate a math expression. Supports arithmetic, trig, log, sqrt, factorial, matrices.',\n  inputSchema: validator.object({\n    expression: validator.string().required().description('Math expression, e.g. \"sin(pi/4) + 5!\"'),\n  }),\n  handler: async (args) => {\n    const { expression } = args as { expression: string }\n\n    const lengthError = validateExpression(expression)\n    if (lengthError) return lengthError\n\n    try {\n      const result = math.evaluate!(expression)\n      const node = math.parse!(expression)\n      const katex = node.toTex()\n      return `Result: ${result}\\nKaTeX: $${katex} = ${result}$`\n    } catch (err) {\n      return `Error: ${isError(err) ? err.message : String(err)}`\n    }\n  },\n})\n\n/**\n * Translates a LaTeX/KaTeX expression using evaluatex and returns the numeric result.\n *\n * @remarks\n * Uses the evaluatex library to parse and evaluate LaTeX expressions. Handles common constructs\n * (`\\frac{a}{b}`, `\\sqrt{...}`, `\\cdot`, `\\times`, Greek macros like `\\pi`, inverse trig,\n * `\\left`/`\\right` delimiters, `\\text{...}`, subscripts, etc.) with a proper parser rather than\n * brittle regex.\n *\n * Also evaluates three calculus constructs **numerically** (mathjs has no symbolic integration, and\n * its symbolic `derivative` is blocklisted here for safety):\n * - Definite integrals — `\\int_{a}^{b} f \\,dx` via composite Simpson quadrature.\n * - Derivatives at a point — `\\frac{d}{dx} f \\big|_{x=a}` via central finite difference.\n * - Limits — `\\lim_{x \\to a} f` (including `a = \\pm\\infty`) via a two-sided numeric approach.\n *\n * Numeric results are rounded with `math.format(..., { precision: 12 })` and labelled\n * `Result (numeric):` to flag that they are approximations. Constructs that cannot be evaluated\n * numerically (indefinite integrals, derivatives without a point, infinite integration bounds,\n * singular integrands, divergent limits) return a specific, guiding error string.\n *\n * Parse and evaluation errors are returned as error strings rather than thrown.\n */\nexport const evaluateKatexTool = new Tool({\n  name: 'evaluate_katex',\n  description:\n    'Evaluate a KaTeX/LaTeX math expression and return the numeric result. Supports arithmetic, trig, logs, roots, and numeric calculus: definite integrals (\\\\int_{a}^{b} f dx), derivatives at a point (\\\\frac{d}{dx} f|_{x=a}), and limits (\\\\lim_{x \\\\to a} f).',\n  inputSchema: validator.object({\n    katex: validator\n      .string()\n      .required()\n      .description('LaTeX expression, e.g. \"\\\\frac{1}{2} + \\\\sqrt{9}\" or \"\\\\int_{0}^{1} x^2 dx\"'),\n  }),\n  handler: async (args) => {\n    const { katex } = args as { katex: string }\n\n    const lengthError = validateExpression(katex)\n    if (lengthError) return lengthError\n\n    try {\n      // Calculus (\\int, \\lim, d/dx) is detected on the raw LaTeX and evaluated numerically before\n      // the scalar flattening path, which would otherwise mangle bounds/targets. Returns null for\n      // non-calculus input, falling through to the scalar evaluator below unchanged.\n      const calculus = tryCalculus(katex)\n      if (calculus !== null) return calculus\n\n      const result = evaluateLatex(katex)\n      return `Result: ${result}`\n    } catch (err) {\n      return `Error: ${isError(err) ? err.message : String(err)}`\n    }\n  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