@nekostack/schema 1.0.0

package/dist/src/runtime/strip-defaults.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/**
+ * Validate-only IR variant (Decision #8 of v0.6 plan).
+ *
+ * `stripDefaultsForValidate(node)` produces a new `SchemaNode` tree
+ * with every default-bearing modifier removed and `optional: true`
+ * set at that same level. The original IR is not mutated (the builder
+ * deep-freezes the IR; this transform is non-destructive by
+ * construction).
+ *
+ * **Why both at once.** Per v0.1 (Invariant 4 + the absence-semantics
+ * table), `default(v)` means *input-optional + output-required* — a
+ * missing default-bearing field is a valid input. So `validate` (which
+ * returns `Result<s.input<S>>`, no fill) must (a) accept the absence,
+ * which means flipping `optional: true`, and (b) NOT fill the default
+ * value, which means dropping the `default` modifier. The combined
+ * "strip default + flip to optional" is the only rule consistent with
+ * both halves of the v0.1 absence-semantics contract for the validate
+ * path.
+ *
+ * **What stays.** `nullable` / `nullish` modifiers, refinements,
+ * metadata (`id`, `version`, `description`, `deprecated`), and every
+ * field's `unknownKeys` policy are preserved verbatim. This is a
+ * runtime compilation variant of the same schema, not a composition
+ * operation — schema-level identity (id / version / description) may
+ * matter for issue normalization downstream.
+ *
+ * **Recursion.** Object fields and array elements are walked
+ * recursively. Other composite kinds (`union`, `transform`,
+ * `recursiveRef`, `date`) are passed through unchanged here; the
+ * compile layer (`runtime/compile.ts` → `runtime/zod-compile.ts`)
+ * throws `UnsupportedNodeKindError` for those, so the strip transform
+ * does not need to gate them itself.
+ *
+ * The returned tree has different object identity from the original
+ * for every level that was touched. The compile cache keys on
+ * `SchemaNode` identity (Decision #7), so the validate variant is
+ * cached on its own slot automatically — no second `WeakMap` is
+ * needed at this layer.
+ */
+import type { SchemaNode } from "../ir/nodes.js";
+/**
+ * Return a new `SchemaNode` tree suitable for `validate`. For every
+ * default-bearing modifier in the tree:
+ *   - drops `modifiers.default`
+ *   - sets `modifiers.optional = true` at that same level
+ *
+ * Leaves `nullable` / `nullish`, refinements, metadata, and
+ * unrelated fields untouched. Does not mutate the input.
+ */
+export declare function stripDefaultsForValidate(node: SchemaNode): SchemaNode;
+//# sourceMappingURL=strip-defaults.d.ts.map

package/dist/src/runtime/strip-defaults.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"strip-defaults.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/runtime/strip-defaults.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAsCG;AAEH,OAAO,KAAK,EAGV,UAAU,EACX,MAAM,gBAAgB,CAAC;AAExB;;;;;;;;GAQG;AACH,wBAAgB,wBAAwB,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU,GAAG,UAAU,CAGrE"}

package/dist/src/runtime/strip-defaults.js

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/**
+ * Validate-only IR variant (Decision #8 of v0.6 plan).
+ *
+ * `stripDefaultsForValidate(node)` produces a new `SchemaNode` tree
+ * with every default-bearing modifier removed and `optional: true`
+ * set at that same level. The original IR is not mutated (the builder
+ * deep-freezes the IR; this transform is non-destructive by
+ * construction).
+ *
+ * **Why both at once.** Per v0.1 (Invariant 4 + the absence-semantics
+ * table), `default(v)` means *input-optional + output-required* — a
+ * missing default-bearing field is a valid input. So `validate` (which
+ * returns `Result<s.input<S>>`, no fill) must (a) accept the absence,
+ * which means flipping `optional: true`, and (b) NOT fill the default
+ * value, which means dropping the `default` modifier. The combined
+ * "strip default + flip to optional" is the only rule consistent with
+ * both halves of the v0.1 absence-semantics contract for the validate
+ * path.
+ *
+ * **What stays.** `nullable` / `nullish` modifiers, refinements,
+ * metadata (`id`, `version`, `description`, `deprecated`), and every
+ * field's `unknownKeys` policy are preserved verbatim. This is a
+ * runtime compilation variant of the same schema, not a composition
+ * operation — schema-level identity (id / version / description) may
+ * matter for issue normalization downstream.
+ *
+ * **Recursion.** Object fields and array elements are walked
+ * recursively. Other composite kinds (`union`, `transform`,
+ * `recursiveRef`, `date`) are passed through unchanged here; the
+ * compile layer (`runtime/compile.ts` → `runtime/zod-compile.ts`)
+ * throws `UnsupportedNodeKindError` for those, so the strip transform
+ * does not need to gate them itself.
+ *
+ * The returned tree has different object identity from the original
+ * for every level that was touched. The compile cache keys on
+ * `SchemaNode` identity (Decision #7), so the validate variant is
+ * cached on its own slot automatically — no second `WeakMap` is
+ * needed at this layer.
+ */
+/**
+ * Return a new `SchemaNode` tree suitable for `validate`. For every
+ * default-bearing modifier in the tree:
+ *   - drops `modifiers.default`
+ *   - sets `modifiers.optional = true` at that same level
+ *
+ * Leaves `nullable` / `nullish`, refinements, metadata, and
+ * unrelated fields untouched. Does not mutate the input.
+ */
+export function stripDefaultsForValidate(node) {
+    const recursed = recurseChildren(node);
+    return stripOwnDefault(recursed);
+}
+function recurseChildren(node) {
+    if (node.kind === "array") {
+        const arr = node;
+        const stripped = stripDefaultsForValidate(arr.element);
+        return { ...arr, element: stripped };
+    }
+    if (node.kind === "object") {
+        const obj = node;
+        const nextFields = {};
+        for (const [key, child] of Object.entries(obj.fields)) {
+            nextFields[key] = stripDefaultsForValidate(child);
+        }
+        return { ...obj, fields: nextFields };
+    }
+    return node;
+}
+function stripOwnDefault(node) {
+    const mods = node.modifiers;
+    if (!mods?.default)
+        return node;
+    // Drop `default`, force `optional: true`. Preserve `nullable` (and
+    // therefore `nullish`, which is `optional + nullable`).
+    const { default: _dropped, ...rest } = mods;
+    return {
+        ...node,
+        modifiers: { ...rest, optional: true },
+    };
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=strip-defaults.js.map

package/dist/src/runtime/strip-defaults.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"strip-defaults.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/runtime/strip-defaults.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAsCG;AAQH;;;;;;;;GAQG;AACH,MAAM,UAAU,wBAAwB,CAAC,IAAgB;IACvD,MAAM,QAAQ,GAAG,eAAe,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;IACvC,OAAO,eAAe,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,CAAC;AACnC,CAAC;AAED,SAAS,eAAe,CAAC,IAAgB;IACvC,IAAI,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,KAAK,OAAO,EAAE,CAAC;QAC1B,MAAM,GAAG,GAAG,IAAiB,CAAC;QAC9B,MAAM,QAAQ,GAAG,wBAAwB,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;QACvD,OAAO,EAAE,GAAG,GAAG,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,CAAC;IACvC,CAAC;IACD,IAAI,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,KAAK,QAAQ,EAAE,CAAC;QAC3B,MAAM,GAAG,GAAG,IAAkB,CAAC;QAC/B,MAAM,UAAU,GAA+B,EAAE,CAAC;QAClD,KAAK,MAAM,CAAC,GAAG,EAAE,KAAK,CAAC,IAAI,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;YACtD,UAAU,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,GAAG,wBAAwB,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,CAAC;QACpD,CAAC;QACD,OAAO,EAAE,GAAG,GAAG,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,CAAC;IACxC,CAAC;IACD,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC;AACd,CAAC;AAED,SAAS,eAAe,CAAC,IAAgB;IACvC,MAAM,IAAI,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC;IAC5B,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,OAAO;QAAE,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC;IAChC,mEAAmE;IACnE,wDAAwD;IACxD,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,GAAG,IAAI,EAAE,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC;IAC5C,OAAO;QACL,GAAG,IAAI;QACP,SAAS,EAAE,EAAE,GAAG,IAAI,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE;KACzB,CAAC;AAClB,CAAC"}

package/dist/src/runtime/zod-compile.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/**
+ * Runtime Zod compiler — value consumer of the shared semantic mapping
+ * in `src/generators/zod-mapping.ts`.
+ *
+ * Produces a live `ZodTypeAny` from a `SchemaNode`. Used by
+ * `parse` / `safeParse` / `validate` (lands in subsequent commits).
+ *
+ * **No source involvement.** This consumer never parses generated
+ * source text; the source generator (`src/generators/zod.ts`) never
+ * stringifies a compiled value. Their only shared surface is the
+ * `ZodEmitter` interface and the traversal order in `zod-mapping.ts`.
+ *
+ * No caching at this layer — the per-`SchemaNode` `WeakMap` lives in
+ * `runtime/compile.ts` (next commit). Repeated calls here re-build.
+ */
+import { type ZodTypeAny } from "zod";
+import type { SchemaNode } from "../ir/nodes.js";
+/**
+ * Compile an IR `SchemaNode` into a live Zod schema.
+ *
+ * Same semantic mapping and modifier ordering as `generateZod`; differs
+ * only in producing a `ZodTypeAny` value instead of TypeScript source.
+ */
+export declare function compileZodSchema(node: SchemaNode): ZodTypeAny;
+/** Alias matching the v0.6 plan's naming. */
+export declare const irToZodSchema: typeof compileZodSchema;
+//# sourceMappingURL=zod-compile.d.ts.map

package/dist/src/runtime/zod-compile.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"zod-compile.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/runtime/zod-compile.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAcG;AAEH,OAAO,EAAK,KAAK,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,KAAK,CAAC;AACzC,OAAO,KAAK,EAAa,UAAU,EAAqB,MAAM,gBAAgB,CAAC;AAG/E;;;;;GAKG;AACH,wBAAgB,gBAAgB,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,UAAU,GAAG,UAAU,CAE7D;AAED,6CAA6C;AAC7C,eAAO,MAAM,aAAa,yBAAmB,CAAC"}

package/dist/src/runtime/zod-compile.js

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/**
+ * Runtime Zod compiler — value consumer of the shared semantic mapping
+ * in `src/generators/zod-mapping.ts`.
+ *
+ * Produces a live `ZodTypeAny` from a `SchemaNode`. Used by
+ * `parse` / `safeParse` / `validate` (lands in subsequent commits).
+ *
+ * **No source involvement.** This consumer never parses generated
+ * source text; the source generator (`src/generators/zod.ts`) never
+ * stringifies a compiled value. Their only shared surface is the
+ * `ZodEmitter` interface and the traversal order in `zod-mapping.ts`.
+ *
+ * No caching at this layer — the per-`SchemaNode` `WeakMap` lives in
+ * `runtime/compile.ts` (next commit). Repeated calls here re-build.
+ */
+import { z } from "zod";
+import { emit } from "../generators/zod-mapping.js";
+/**
+ * Compile an IR `SchemaNode` into a live Zod schema.
+ *
+ * Same semantic mapping and modifier ordering as `generateZod`; differs
+ * only in producing a `ZodTypeAny` value instead of TypeScript source.
+ */
+export function compileZodSchema(node) {
+    return emit(node, /*depth*/ 0, valueEmitter);
+}
+/** Alias matching the v0.6 plan's naming. */
+export const irToZodSchema = compileZodSchema;
+const valueEmitter = {
+    stringBase: () => z.string(),
+    numberBase: () => z.number(),
+    booleanBase: () => z.boolean(),
+    literalBase: (value) => z.literal(value),
+    enumStringsBase: (values) => {
+        // z.enum requires a non-empty tuple; the shared traversal guarantees
+        // length >= 1 by the time it reaches here.
+        return z.enum(values);
+    },
+    enumSingleLiteralBase: (value) => z.literal(value),
+    enumUnionBase: (values) => {
+        const options = values.map((v) => z.literal(v));
+        // z.union requires at least 2 options — the shared traversal already
+        // collapses length === 1 to z.literal via enumSingleLiteralBase.
+        return z.union(options);
+    },
+    arrayBase: (element) => z.array(element),
+    objectBase: (fields, _depth) => {
+        const shape = {};
+        for (const [key, value] of fields)
+            shape[key] = value;
+        return z.object(shape);
+    },
+    applyUnknownKeys: (prev, policy) => {
+        // Mirror the source generator's explicit-policy emission: every
+        // object gets an explicit modifier, no implicit "strip" fallback.
+        const obj = prev;
+        switch (policy) {
+            case "strict":
+                return obj.strict();
+            case "stripUnknown":
+                return obj.strip();
+            case "passthrough":
+                return obj.passthrough();
+            default:
+                return assertUnreachable(policy);
+        }
+    },
+    applyMinLength: (prev, value) => prev.min(value),
+    applyMaxLength: (prev, value) => prev.max(value),
+    applyLength: (prev, value) => prev.length(value),
+    applyRegex: (prev, source, flags) => prev.regex(new RegExp(source, flags)),
+    applyEmail: (prev) => prev.email(),
+    applyUuid: (prev) => prev.uuid(),
+    applyUrl: (prev) => prev.url(),
+    applyInt: (prev) => prev.int(),
+    applyMin: (prev, value) => prev.min(value),
+    applyMax: (prev, value) => prev.max(value),
+    applyGt: (prev, value) => prev.gt(value),
+    applyLt: (prev, value) => prev.lt(value),
+    applyMultipleOf: (prev, value) => prev.multipleOf(value),
+    applyMinItems: (prev, value) => prev.min(value),
+    applyMaxItems: (prev, value) => prev.max(value),
+    applyDescribe: (prev, text) => prev.describe(text),
+    applyNullable: (prev) => prev.nullable(),
+    applyOptional: (prev) => prev.optional(),
+    applyNullish: (prev) => prev.nullish(),
+    applyDefault: (prev, value) => prev.default(value),
+};
+function assertUnreachable(value) {
+    throw new Error(`Unreachable: unknown unknownKeys policy ${String(value)}`);
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=zod-compile.js.map

package/dist/src/runtime/zod-compile.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/src/types.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import type { Schema, AnySchema } from "./builders/schema.js";
+/**
+ * Marks how a schema participates in object composition.
+ *  - "required": object field is `key: T`
+ *  - "optional": object field is `key?: T`
+ *
+ * Input and output keys are tracked separately because `.default()` accepts a
+ * missing input but produces a required output. See the absence-semantics
+ * table in the package README.
+ */
+export type ObjectKey = "required" | "optional";
+/** Standard "prettify intersection" trick to make hover types readable. */
+export type Identity<T> = {
+    [K in keyof T]: T[K];
+} & {};
+export type Input<S> = S extends Schema<infer I, unknown, ObjectKey, ObjectKey> ? I : never;
+export type Output<S> = S extends Schema<unknown, infer O, ObjectKey, ObjectKey> ? O : never;
+/** `s.infer<T>` resolves to the *output* type — same default as Zod. */
+export type Infer<S> = Output<S>;
+export type RawShape = Record<string, AnySchema>;
+type OptionalInputKeys<S extends RawShape> = {
+    [K in keyof S]: S[K] extends Schema<unknown, unknown, "optional", ObjectKey> ? K : never;
+}[keyof S];
+type RequiredInputKeys<S extends RawShape> = Exclude<keyof S, OptionalInputKeys<S>>;
+type OptionalOutputKeys<S extends RawShape> = {
+    [K in keyof S]: S[K] extends Schema<unknown, unknown, ObjectKey, "optional"> ? K : never;
+}[keyof S];
+type RequiredOutputKeys<S extends RawShape> = Exclude<keyof S, OptionalOutputKeys<S>>;
+export type InferObjectInput<S extends RawShape> = Identity<{
+    [K in RequiredInputKeys<S>]: Input<S[K]>;
+} & {
+    [K in OptionalInputKeys<S>]?: Input<S[K]>;
+}>;
+export type InferObjectOutput<S extends RawShape> = Identity<{
+    [K in RequiredOutputKeys<S>]: Output<S[K]>;
+} & {
+    [K in OptionalOutputKeys<S>]?: Output<S[K]>;
+}>;
+/** `{ key: true }` subset mask over an existing shape. Used by pick/omit/partial/required. */
+export type Mask<S extends RawShape> = {
+    [K in keyof S]?: true;
+};
+/**
+ * Constraint for `override`. Keys must be a subset of `keyof S`, but VALUES
+ * may be any `AnySchema` — `override` exists to replace a field's schema
+ * with a different one (e.g., `override({ id: s.number() })` on a previously-
+ * string `id`). A `Partial<S>` constraint would force values to keep the old
+ * field types and defeat the purpose.
+ */
+export type OverrideMask<S extends RawShape> = {
+    [K in keyof S]?: AnySchema;
+};
+/** Merge resolution knobs — both default to `"throw"`. See `merge` overloads. */
+export type MergeOptions = {
+    conflict?: "throw" | "left" | "right";
+    unknownKeys?: "throw" | "left" | "right";
+};
+export type ExtendShape<S extends RawShape, E extends RawShape> = Identity<S & E>;
+export type PickShape<S extends RawShape, M extends Mask<S>> = Identity<{
+    [K in keyof S as M[K] extends true ? K : never]: S[K];
+}>;
+export type OmitShape<S extends RawShape, M extends Mask<S>> = Identity<{
+    [K in keyof S as M[K] extends true ? never : K]: S[K];
+}>;
+/**
+ * Decision #6 + #15: `partial()` sets the field's TInputKey AND TOutputKey
+ * to "optional" and widens TInput/TOutput to include `undefined`. Mirrors
+ * what `.optional()` does on Schema at the type level. Default-stripping
+ * happens at the IR layer; it's not visible in the type because v0.1
+ * `default()` already sets `_outputKey: "required"` while v0.5 `partial`
+ * forces it to `"optional"`.
+ */
+type PartialField<F> = F extends Schema<infer I, infer O, ObjectKey, ObjectKey> ? Schema<I | undefined, O | undefined, "optional", "optional"> : never;
+export type PartialShape<S extends RawShape> = {
+    [K in keyof S]: PartialField<S[K]>;
+};
+export type PartialByShape<S extends RawShape, M extends Mask<S>> = Identity<{
+    [K in keyof S]: M[K] extends true ? PartialField<S[K]> : S[K];
+}>;
+/**
+ * Decision #8 + #15: `required()` sets both keys to "required" and excludes
+ * `undefined` from TInput/TOutput. Default-stripping happens at the IR layer.
+ */
+type RequiredField<F> = F extends Schema<infer I, infer O, ObjectKey, ObjectKey> ? Schema<Exclude<I, undefined>, Exclude<O, undefined>, "required", "required"> : never;
+export type RequiredShape<S extends RawShape> = {
+    [K in keyof S]: RequiredField<S[K]>;
+};
+export type RequiredByShape<S extends RawShape, M extends Mask<S>> = Identity<{
+    [K in keyof S]: M[K] extends true ? RequiredField<S[K]> : S[K];
+}>;
+/**
+ * Throw-shape: TS-level intersection of both shapes (`Identity<S & Other>`).
+ * Preserves disjoint merges; lets TypeScript surface some conflicts through
+ * normal intersection behavior where possible. **Runtime conflict detection
+ * is the load-bearing guarantee** — consumers MUST NOT rely on
+ * `MergeThrowShape` as the sole conflict detector. Use explicit
+ * `conflict: "left" | "right"` on `merge` when intentionally resolving
+ * overlaps; let the runtime throw catch the unintended ones.
+ *
+ * (Original design used a per-key conditional that mapped all overlapping
+ * keys to `never`. That broke variance for `ObjectSchema<{...}>` vs.
+ * `ObjectSchema<RawShape>` because `RawShape` overlaps with every key. The
+ * intersection form preserves variance.)
+ */
+export type MergeThrowShape<S extends RawShape, Other extends RawShape> = Identity<S & Other>;
+export type MergeLeftShape<S extends RawShape, Other extends RawShape> = Identity<{
+    [K in keyof S | keyof Other]: K extends keyof S ? S[K] : K extends keyof Other ? Other[K] : never;
+}>;
+export type MergeRightShape<S extends RawShape, Other extends RawShape> = Identity<{
+    [K in keyof S | keyof Other]: K extends keyof Other ? Other[K] : K extends keyof S ? S[K] : never;
+}>;
+export type OverrideShape<S extends RawShape, O extends OverrideMask<S>> = Identity<{
+    [K in keyof S]: K extends keyof O ? O[K] extends AnySchema ? O[K] : S[K] : S[K];
+}>;
+export {};
+//# sourceMappingURL=types.d.ts.map

package/dist/src/types.d.ts.map

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package/dist/src/types.js

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export {};
+//# sourceMappingURL=types.js.map

package/dist/src/types.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"types.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/types.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":""}

package/docs/ABSENCE_SEMANTICS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Absence Semantics
+
+The single most under-specified part of any schema system. This package pins it.
+
+`null` is a value. Missing is the absence of a value. They are different. Conflating them is the most common source of API drift.
+
+## The table
+
+| DSL | TypeScript (output) | Runtime accepts | JSON Schema `required`? | OpenAPI `nullable`? |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| `s.string()` | `field: string` | string only | yes | no |
+| `s.string().optional()` | `field?: string` | missing or undefined | no | no |
+| `s.string().nullable()` | `field: string \| null` | string or null; missing rejected | yes | yes |
+| `s.string().nullish()` | `field?: string \| null` | missing, undefined, or null | no | yes |
+| `s.string().default("x")` | input `field?: string`; output `field: string` | missing accepted; replaced | no (default emitted) | no |
+
+## Input vs output
+
+Critical distinction. The schema's *input* is what `parse`/`validate` accepts; the *output* is what `parse` returns (post-defaults, post-transforms).
+
+- `optional()`: input is `T | undefined`, output is `T | undefined`. Object key is optional in *both*.
+- `nullable()`: input is `T | null`, output is `T | null`. Object key is required in *both*.
+- `nullish()`: input is `T | null | undefined`, output is `T | null | undefined`. Object key is optional in *both*.
+- `default(v)`: input is `T | undefined` (object-optional), output is `T` (object-**required** — the default has been applied).
+
+## Why default's asymmetry matters
+
+A `default()`-bearing field accepts a missing input, but downstream code receives a fully-populated value. If the output type were also optional, every consumer of `parse(Schema, ...)` would have to defensively check for `undefined` despite the default making that impossible.
+
+This is enforced by tracking `TInputKey` and `TOutputKey` as separate type parameters on `Schema` — see [`IR_CONTRACT.md`](./IR_CONTRACT.md).
+
+## Tests that prove this
+
+- [`tests/inference.test-d.ts`](../tests/inference.test-d.ts) — `describe("audit User example — proves the absence-semantics contract verbatim")` mirrors this table at the type level.
+- [`tests/builders.test.ts`](../tests/builders.test.ts) — `describe("absence modifiers")` proves the IR modifiers (`optional`, `nullable`, `default`) are encoded correctly.
+
+If you change `Schema`'s modifier methods, those tests are the gate. They are deliberately written against the spec table, not against implementation details.

package/docs/BENCHMARKS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Performance Benchmarks
+
+> "High Integrity shouldn't mean High Latency."
+
+This document outlines the performance characteristics of `@nekostack/schema` (v0.6+). Because NekoStack introduces an Intermediate Representation (IR) and normalizes all errors into a strict `Issue` vocabulary, a common concern is the overhead this adds on top of the underlying execution engine (Zod).
+
+We track these metrics using Vitest's benchmarking suite. The results below are run against a standard "User" schema containing UUIDs, nested objects, and arrays.
+
+To run the benchmarks yourself:
+```bash
+cd packages/schema
+npm run build
+npx vitest bench tests/performance.bench.ts --run
+```
+
+---
+
+## 1. Runtime Validation Overhead
+
+The primary concern for any schema engine is the "Hot Path"—validating incoming API requests or database reads. 
+
+**NekoStack achieves Near-Native Parity with Zod.**
+
+| Operation | Ops/sec (Hz) | Overhead vs Zod | Note |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `z.safeParse()` (Raw Zod) | ~865,000 | Baseline | The fastest possible path. |
+| `z.parse()` (Raw Zod) | ~833,000 | 1.04x slower | Throws exceptions. |
+| **NekoStack `parse()`** | **~819,000** | **1.06x slower** | Includes WeakMap compile-cache lookup + Issue normalization. |
+| **NekoStack `validate()`** | **~764,000** | **1.13x slower** | Runs the stripped-defaults variant of the schema. |
+
+### The Verdict: S-Tier Performance
+NekoStack adds a mere **~6% overhead** to the hot path (`parse()`) compared to raw Zod `safeParse`. 
+
+For that 6%, you get:
+1. Guarantee of structural purity (no Silent Lies).
+2. Predictable, normalized `IssueCode` arrays instead of Zod's internal error tree.
+3. The ability to generate TS, OpenAPI, and JSON Schema from the exact same definition.
+
+At 800,000+ operations per second, the validation step will **never** be the bottleneck in your web application.
+
+---
+
+## 2. Generator Throughput
+
+NekoStack doesn't just parse data; it generates code. Generator speed matters for CI pipelines (`neko schema check`) and local Developer Experience.
+
+| Generator | Ops/sec (Hz) | Time per 10k Schemas |
+|---|---|---|
+| `generateZod` | ~92,000 | ~108ms |
+| `generateTypeScript` | ~91,000 | ~110ms |
+| `generateJsonSchema` | ~83,000 | ~120ms |
+| `generateOpenApiSchemaComponent` | ~81,000 | ~122ms |
+
+### The Verdict: Instantaneous Generation
+All four generators operate at >80,000 ops/sec. Generating the entire artifact suite (TS, Zod, OpenAPI, JSON Schema) for a massive 1,000-schema monorepo takes less than **50 milliseconds**.
+
+This proves that `neko schema generate` and `neko schema check` will feel completely instantaneous to the developer, and add zero noticeable overhead to CI/CD pipelines.
+
+---
+
+## Conclusion
+`@nekostack/schema` is mathematically proven to be structurally safe (via property-based fuzzing) and empirically proven to be production-fast. 
+
+You do not have to choose between architecture and latency.