@nehorai/credits 2.1.0 → 3.0.0

package/dist/index.js

@@ -167,6 +167,40 @@ function floatSum(values) {
   for (const value of values) total += value;
   return total;
 }
+function multiplyAmount(unit, quantity) {
+  const cents = toCents(unit);
+  const product = cents === null ? Number.NaN : cents * quantity;
+  if (cents === null || cents < 0 || !Number.isSafeInteger(quantity) || quantity < 0 || !Number.isSafeInteger(product) || product > MAX_CENTS) {
+    throw new CreditError(
+      `Cannot price ${quantity} units at ${unit}: the price must be a non-negative amount exact to ${CREDIT_AMOUNT_SCALE} decimals, the quantity a whole number, and the result at most ${CREDIT_AMOUNT_MAX}`,
+      CreditErrorCode.INVALID_AMOUNT,
+      { unit, quantity, max: CREDIT_AMOUNT_MAX, scale: CREDIT_AMOUNT_SCALE }
+    );
+  }
+  return product / 100;
+}
+var FLOAT_NOISE_FLOOR = 1e-6;
+var FLOAT_NOISE_RELATIVE = 64 * Number.EPSILON;
+function floatNoise(value) {
+  return Math.max(FLOAT_NOISE_FLOOR, Math.abs(value) * FLOAT_NOISE_RELATIVE);
+}
+function canonicalAmount(value) {
+  if (typeof value !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(value)) return value;
+  const cents = Math.round(value * 100);
+  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(cents)) return value;
+  const onGrid = cents / 100 + 0;
+  return Math.abs(value - onGrid) < floatNoise(value) ? onGrid : value;
+}
+function storedAmountFloor(value) {
+  const canonical = canonicalAmount(value);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(canonical) || toCents(canonical) !== null) return canonical;
+  return Math.floor(canonical * 100) / 100;
+}
+function storedAmountCeil(value) {
+  const canonical = canonicalAmount(value);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(canonical) || toCents(canonical) !== null) return canonical;
+  return Math.ceil(canonical * 100) / 100;
+}
 function isValidCreditAmount(value) {
   if (typeof value !== "number") return false;
   const cents = toCents(value);
@@ -219,6 +253,150 @@ function backedBalanceFloor(reserved, bonusCredits) {
   assertRepresentableAmount(floor, "backedBalanceFloor", { reserved, bonusCredits });
   return floor;
 }
+function cappedBalance(balance, cap, reserved, bonusCredits) {
+  return Math.min(balance, Math.max(cap, backedBalanceFloor(reserved, bonusCredits)));
+}
+function heldExpiredBacking(balance, stored) {
+  if (!(stored !== void 0 && stored > 0)) return 0;
+  return Math.max(0, Math.min(stored, balance));
+}
+function spendableBalance(balance, expiredHoldBacking) {
+  return sumAmounts(balance, -heldExpiredBacking(balance, expiredHoldBacking));
+}
+function planBalanceTarget(target, reserved, bonusCredits) {
+  assertValidBalanceTarget(target, "balance target", { reserved, bonusCredits });
+  const balance = Math.max(target, backedBalanceFloor(reserved, bonusCredits));
+  return { balance, expiredHoldBacking: sumAmounts(balance, -target) };
+}
+function planBalanceCap(balance, cap, reserved, bonusCredits, expiredHoldBacking) {
+  const spendable = spendableBalance(balance, expiredHoldBacking);
+  const target = Math.min(spendable, cap);
+  const kept = Math.max(
+    sumAmounts(balance, -spendable),
+    sumAmounts(backedBalanceFloor(reserved, bonusCredits), -target)
+  );
+  const next = Math.min(balance, sumAmounts(target, kept));
+  return { balance: next, expiredHoldBacking: Math.max(0, sumAmounts(next, -target)) };
+}
+function settleExpiredHoldBacking(balance, expiredHoldBacking, holdBacking) {
+  const held = heldExpiredBacking(balance, expiredHoldBacking);
+  const used = Math.max(0, Math.min(held, holdBacking));
+  return { used, remaining: sumAmounts(held, -used) };
+}
+function planHoldCommit(balance, bonusCredits, expiredHoldBacking, holdBacking, amount) {
+  const backing = settleExpiredHoldBacking(balance, expiredHoldBacking, holdBacking);
+  const rest = sumAmounts(amount, -backing.used);
+  const fromSpendable = Math.min(spendableBalance(balance, expiredHoldBacking), rest);
+  const fromBonus = sumAmounts(rest, -fromSpendable);
+  return {
+    covered: fromBonus <= bonusCredits,
+    balance: sumAmounts(balance, -backing.used, -fromSpendable),
+    bonusCredits: sumAmounts(bonusCredits, -fromBonus),
+    expiredHoldBacking: backing.remaining
+  };
+}
+var NO_EXPIRED_BACKING_PREFIX = {
+  holdPlacedAt: "",
+  id: "",
+  share: 0
+};
+function compareHolds(a, b) {
+  if (a.holdPlacedAt !== b.holdPlacedAt) return a.holdPlacedAt < b.holdPlacedAt ? -1 : 1;
+  if (a.id === b.id) return 0;
+  return a.id < b.id ? -1 : 1;
+}
+function recordedExpiredBacking(hold) {
+  const stored = hold.expiredBacking;
+  if (typeof stored !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(stored) || stored <= 0) return 0;
+  if (!isValidCreditAmount(hold.amount)) return 0;
+  return Math.min(storedAmountCeil(stored), hold.amount);
+}
+function allocateExpiredBacking(holds, total) {
+  const placed = holds.filter((hold) => hold.holdPlacedAt && isValidCreditAmount(hold.amount)).map((hold) => ({ ...hold, holdPlacedAt: hold.holdPlacedAt })).sort(compareHolds);
+  const wanted = Math.max(0, total);
+  if (wanted === 0) return { total: 0, frontier: null };
+  const recorded = placed.filter((hold) => recordedExpiredBacking(hold) > 0);
+  const shares = new Map(recorded.map((hold) => [hold.id, recordedExpiredBacking(hold)]));
+  let left = sumAmounts(wanted, ...[...shares.values()].map((share) => -share));
+  for (const hold of [...recorded].reverse()) {
+    if (left >= 0) break;
+    const share = shares.get(hold.id);
+    const cut = Math.min(share, -left);
+    shares.set(hold.id, sumAmounts(share, -cut));
+    left = sumAmounts(left, cut);
+  }
+  let frontier = NO_EXPIRED_BACKING_PREFIX;
+  for (const hold of placed) {
+    if (left <= 0) break;
+    if (shares.has(hold.id)) continue;
+    const share = Math.min(hold.amount, left);
+    frontier = { holdPlacedAt: hold.holdPlacedAt, id: hold.id, share };
+    left = sumAmounts(left, -share);
+  }
+  for (const hold of recorded) {
+    if (left <= 0) break;
+    const share = shares.get(hold.id);
+    const added = Math.min(sumAmounts(hold.amount, -share), left);
+    shares.set(hold.id, sumAmounts(share, added));
+    left = sumAmounts(left, -added);
+  }
+  const rewrites = recorded.filter((hold) => shares.get(hold.id) !== hold.expiredBacking).map((hold) => ({ id: hold.id, expiredBacking: shares.get(hold.id) }));
+  return { total: wanted, frontier, ...rewrites.length > 0 ? { rewrites } : {} };
+}
+function holdExpiredBacking(hold, frontier, rewrites) {
+  const rewritten = rewrites?.find((rewrite) => rewrite.id === hold.id);
+  const recorded = recordedExpiredBacking(
+    rewritten ? { ...hold, expiredBacking: rewritten.expiredBacking } : hold
+  );
+  if (recorded > 0) return recorded;
+  if (!frontier || !hold.holdPlacedAt) return 0;
+  const order = compareHolds({ holdPlacedAt: hold.holdPlacedAt, id: hold.id }, frontier);
+  if (order > 0) return 0;
+  return order < 0 ? hold.amount : Math.min(frontier.share, hold.amount);
+}
+function holdPlacedAtAfter(now, frontier) {
+  if (!frontier?.holdPlacedAt) return now;
+  const earliest = new Date(Date.parse(frontier.holdPlacedAt) + 1).toISOString();
+  return now > earliest ? now : earliest;
+}
+function expiredBackingPatch(next, stored) {
+  const total = Math.max(0, next.total);
+  const patch = {};
+  const storedTotal = stored.expiredHoldBacking;
+  if (total > 0 || storedTotal !== void 0 && storedTotal !== 0) {
+    patch.expiredHoldBacking = total;
+  }
+  if (total <= 0) {
+    if (stored.expiredBackingFrontier) patch.expiredBackingFrontier = null;
+  } else if (next.frontier) {
+    patch.expiredBackingFrontier = next.frontier;
+  }
+  return patch;
+}
+function assertValidBalanceTarget(value, field, context) {
+  assertRepresentableAmount(value, field, context);
+  if (value < 0) {
+    throw new CreditError(
+      `${field} cannot be negative (got ${value})`,
+      CreditErrorCode.INVALID_AMOUNT,
+      { field, value, ...context }
+    );
+  }
+}
+function assertValidTierBalanceInput(input, context) {
+  if (input.balanceCap === void 0) {
+    if (input.balance !== void 0) assertValidBalanceTarget(input.balance, "balance", context);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (input.balance !== void 0) {
+    throw new CreditError(
+      "A tier update cannot set both balance and balanceCap",
+      CreditErrorCode.INVALID_AMOUNT,
+      { balance: input.balance, balanceCap: input.balanceCap, ...context }
+    );
+  }
+  assertValidBalanceTarget(input.balanceCap, "balanceCap", context);
+}
 function assertRepresentableTierAmount(value, field, context) {
   if (value === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) return;
   assertRepresentableAmount(value, field, context);
@@ -627,9 +805,9 @@ var creditSystemConfigSchema = z.object({
    */
   reservationExpiryMs: z.number().positive().default(5 * 60 * 1e3),
   /**
-   * Default credits for new users (free tier)
+   * Default credits for new users (free tier). 0 means no signup grant.
    */
-  defaultFreeCredits: z.number().positive().default(25),
+  defaultFreeCredits: z.number().min(0).default(25),
   /**
    * Grace period in days after subscription expires before downgrade
    */
@@ -929,6 +1107,8 @@ function toClientUserCredits(credits) {
     monthlyUsed: credits.monthlyUsed,
     monthlyResetAt: toISOString(credits.monthlyResetAt),
     subscriptionExpiresAt: credits.subscriptionExpiresAt ? toISOString(credits.subscriptionExpiresAt) : null,
+    ...credits.expiredHoldBacking !== void 0 ? { expiredHoldBacking: credits.expiredHoldBacking } : {},
+    ...credits.signupGrant !== void 0 ? { signupGrant: credits.signupGrant } : {},
     createdAt: toISOString(credits.createdAt),
     updatedAt: toISOString(credits.updatedAt)
   };
@@ -1160,11 +1340,36 @@ function toDate2(value) {
   return /* @__PURE__ */ new Date();
 }
 function getNextMonthlyReset(from = /* @__PURE__ */ new Date()) {
-  const next = new Date(from);
-  next.setMonth(next.getMonth() + 1);
-  next.setDate(1);
-  next.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
-  return next;
+  return new Date(from.getFullYear(), from.getMonth() + 1, 1);
+}
+function validateBalanceUpdate(current, updates) {
+  const next = (base, absolute, increment) => sumAmounts(absolute ?? base, increment ?? 0);
+  const balance = next(current.balance, updates.balance, updates.balanceIncrement);
+  const bonusCredits = next(
+    current.bonusCredits ?? 0,
+    updates.bonusCredits,
+    updates.bonusCreditsIncrement
+  );
+  const reserved = next(current.reserved ?? 0, updates.reserved, updates.reservedIncrement);
+  const errors = [];
+  if (balance < 0) errors.push(`Balance cannot be negative: ${balance}`);
+  const marked = updates.balance === void 0 ? heldExpiredBacking(current.balance, current.expiredHoldBacking) : 0;
+  if ((updates.balanceIncrement ?? 0) < 0 && balance >= 0 && balance < marked) {
+    errors.push(`Balance (${balance}) cannot go below expired hold backing (${marked})`);
+  }
+  if (bonusCredits < 0) errors.push(`BonusCredits cannot be negative: ${bonusCredits}`);
+  if (reserved < 0) errors.push(`Reserved cannot be negative: ${reserved}`);
+  const covering = sumAmounts(balance, bonusCredits);
+  if (reserved > covering) {
+    errors.push(`Reserved (${reserved}) exceeds balance + bonusCredits (${covering})`);
+  }
+  return { valid: errors.length === 0, errors };
+}
+function assertValidBalanceUpdate(current, updates) {
+  const result = validateBalanceUpdate(current, updates);
+  if (!result.valid) {
+    throw new Error(`Invalid balance update: ${result.errors.join("; ")}`);
+  }
 }
 
 // src/repository/memory/snapshot.ts
@@ -1300,6 +1505,7 @@ function commitTransitionJournal(store, input, existingId) {
     userId: input.userId,
     entryType: input.entryType,
     amount: input.amount,
+    balanceBefore: input.balanceBefore,
     balanceAfter: input.balanceAfter,
     source: input.source,
     referenceId: input.reservationId,
@@ -1344,6 +1550,34 @@ function assertTrustworthy(reservation, transition) {
   assertLockedAmount(reservation, transition);
   assertHoldPlaced(reservation, transition);
 }
+function openHolds(store, userId) {
+  return [...store.reservations.get(userId)?.values() ?? []].filter(
+    (reservation) => reservation.status === "reserved"
+  );
+}
+function expiredBackingInForce(store, credits) {
+  const total = heldExpiredBacking(credits.balance, credits.expiredHoldBacking);
+  if (total > 0 && (!credits.expiredBackingFrontier || credits.expiredHoldBacking !== total)) {
+    return allocateExpiredBacking(openHolds(store, credits.userId), total);
+  }
+  return { total, frontier: credits.expiredBackingFrontier ?? null };
+}
+function writeRecordedShares(store, userId, allocation) {
+  for (const { id, expiredBacking } of allocation.rewrites ?? []) {
+    const hold = getReservation(store, userId, id);
+    if (hold) hold.expiredBacking = expiredBacking;
+  }
+}
+function writeExpiredHoldBacking(store, credits, next) {
+  if (next <= 0) {
+    Object.assign(credits, expiredBackingPatch({ total: 0 }, credits));
+    return;
+  }
+  if (next === credits.expiredHoldBacking) return;
+  const allocation = allocateExpiredBacking(openHolds(store, credits.userId), next);
+  writeRecordedShares(store, credits.userId, allocation);
+  Object.assign(credits, expiredBackingPatch(allocation, credits));
+}
 function getReservation(store, userId, reservationId) {
   return store.reservations.get(userId)?.get(reservationId);
 }
@@ -1391,6 +1625,7 @@ async function reserveCreditsV2(store, input) {
       };
     }
     const now = (/* @__PURE__ */ new Date()).toISOString();
+    const backing = expiredBackingInForce(store, credits);
     const reservation = {
       id: generateId(),
       userId: input.userId,
@@ -1403,7 +1638,7 @@ async function reserveCreditsV2(store, input) {
       // The hold-origin fact. Written here and nowhere else, in the same
       // critical section that raises `reserved` below, so the row and the hold
       // become visible together. `createReservation` cannot set it.
-      holdPlacedAt: now
+      holdPlacedAt: holdPlacedAtAfter(now, backing.total > 0 ? backing.frontier : null)
     };
     if (!store.reservations.has(input.userId)) {
       store.reservations.set(input.userId, /* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
@@ -1421,6 +1656,8 @@ async function reserveCreditsV2(store, input) {
       );
     }
     credits.reserved = nextReserved;
+    writeRecordedShares(store, input.userId, backing);
+    Object.assign(credits, expiredBackingPatch(backing, credits));
     credits.updatedAt = now;
     return { outcome: "created", reservation: copyRecord(reservation) };
   });
@@ -1441,22 +1678,30 @@ async function commitReservationV2(store, userId, reservationId, options) {
     const amount = reservation.amount;
     await yieldPoint(store);
     assertReservedCoversHold(credits, userId, reservationId, amount);
-    if (sumAmounts(credits.balance, credits.bonusCredits) < amount) {
+    const backing = expiredBackingInForce(store, credits);
+    const paid = planHoldCommit(
+      credits.balance,
+      credits.bonusCredits,
+      backing.total,
+      holdExpiredBacking(reservation, backing.frontier, backing.rewrites),
+      amount
+    );
+    if (!paid.covered) {
       throw new CreditError(
         `Insufficient credits to commit reservation ${reservationId}`,
         CreditErrorCode.INSUFFICIENT_CREDITS,
         { userId, reservationId, required: amount }
       );
     }
-    const fromBalance = Math.min(credits.balance, amount);
-    const nextBalance = sumAmounts(credits.balance, -fromBalance);
-    const nextBonusCredits = sumAmounts(credits.bonusCredits, -sumAmounts(amount, -fromBalance));
+    const nextBalance = paid.balance;
+    const nextBonusCredits = paid.bonusCredits;
     const balanceAfter = sumAmounts(nextBalance, nextBonusCredits);
     const journal = {
       userId,
       operation: "commitReservation",
       entryType: "debit",
       amount,
+      balanceBefore: sumAmounts(credits.balance, credits.bonusCredits),
       balanceAfter,
       source: "operation_commit",
       reservationId,
@@ -1484,6 +1729,11 @@ async function commitReservationV2(store, userId, reservationId, options) {
     credits.bonusCredits = nextBonusCredits;
     credits.reserved = nextReserved;
     credits.monthlyUsed = nextMonthlyUsed;
+    writeRecordedShares(store, userId, backing);
+    Object.assign(
+      credits,
+      expiredBackingPatch({ total: paid.expiredHoldBacking, frontier: backing.frontier }, credits)
+    );
     credits.updatedAt = (/* @__PURE__ */ new Date()).toISOString();
     const journalEntryId = commitTransitionJournal(store, journal, existingEntryId);
     return {
@@ -1563,19 +1813,28 @@ function finishUnspent(store, reservation, transition) {
     reservation.id,
     reservation.amount
   );
+  const inForce = expiredBackingInForce(store, credits);
+  const backing = settleExpiredHoldBacking(
+    credits.balance,
+    inForce.total,
+    holdExpiredBacking(reservation, inForce.frontier, inForce.rewrites)
+  );
+  const nextBalance = sumAmounts(credits.balance, -backing.used);
   const journal = {
     userId: reservation.userId,
     operation: `${transition.transition}Reservation`,
     entryType: "credit",
     amount: 0,
-    balanceAfter: sumAmounts(credits.balance, credits.bonusCredits),
+    balanceBefore: sumAmounts(credits.balance, credits.bonusCredits),
+    balanceAfter: sumAmounts(nextBalance, credits.bonusCredits),
     source: transition.source,
     reservationId: reservation.id,
     description: transition.options?.description ?? `${transition.verb} ${reservation.amount} reserved credits for ${getOperationLabel(reservation.operationType)}`,
     metadata: {
       ...transition.options?.metadata,
       operationType: reservation.operationType,
-      amount: reservation.amount
+      amount: reservation.amount,
+      ...backing.used > 0 ? { expiredCreditsRemoved: backing.used } : {}
     },
     idempotencyKey: reservationJournalKey(reservation.id, transition.transition)
   };
@@ -1588,6 +1847,12 @@ function finishUnspent(store, reservation, transition) {
   reservation.status = transition.status;
   reservation.completedAt = (/* @__PURE__ */ new Date()).toISOString();
   credits.reserved = nextReserved;
+  credits.balance = nextBalance;
+  writeRecordedShares(store, reservation.userId, inForce);
+  Object.assign(
+    credits,
+    expiredBackingPatch({ total: backing.remaining, frontier: inForce.frontier }, credits)
+  );
   credits.updatedAt = (/* @__PURE__ */ new Date()).toISOString();
   return commitTransitionJournal(store, journal, existingEntryId);
 }
@@ -1598,6 +1863,10 @@ function isoOf(value) {
 }
 var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
   store = new MemoryStore();
+  options;
+  constructor(options = {}) {
+    this.options = options;
+  }
   // ==================== User Credits ====================
   /**
    * A copy, never the live record.
@@ -1614,7 +1883,8 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
     return copyRecord(credits) ?? null;
   }
   async initializeUserCredits(userId, tier, initialBalance) {
-    return copyRecord(this.seedUser(userId, tier, initialBalance));
+    const existing = this.store.users.get(userId);
+    return copyRecord(existing ?? this.seedUser(userId, tier, initialBalance));
   }
   /**
    * The synchronous body of `initializeUserCredits`.
@@ -1625,7 +1895,7 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
    * simultaneous first deliveries of the same reference would then both credit.
    */
   seedUser(userId, tier, initialBalance) {
-    assertRepresentableAmount(initialBalance, "initialBalance", { userId });
+    assertValidBalanceTarget(initialBalance, "initialBalance", { userId });
     const configured = getConfigMonthlyLimit(tier);
     assertRepresentableTierAmount(configured, "monthlyLimit", { userId, tier });
     const monthlyLimit = storedMonthlyLimit(configured);
@@ -1665,8 +1935,11 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
     if (!credits) {
       throw new Error(`User ${userId} not found`);
     }
+    assertValidBalanceUpdate(credits, updates);
     const next = { ...credits };
-    if (updates.balance !== void 0) next.balance = updates.balance;
+    if (updates.balance !== void 0) {
+      next.balance = updates.balance;
+    }
     if (updates.bonusCredits !== void 0) next.bonusCredits = updates.bonusCredits;
     if (updates.reserved !== void 0) next.reserved = updates.reserved;
     if (updates.tier !== void 0) next.tier = updates.tier;
@@ -1703,6 +1976,11 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
       userId,
       operation: "updateUserCredits"
     });
+    writeExpiredHoldBacking(
+      this.store,
+      next,
+      updates.balance !== void 0 ? 0 : Math.min(heldExpiredBacking(credits.balance, credits.expiredHoldBacking), next.balance)
+    );
     next.updatedAt = (/* @__PURE__ */ new Date()).toISOString();
     this.store.users.set(userId, next);
   }
@@ -1711,18 +1989,34 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
       { monthlyLimit: input.monthlyLimit, balance: input.balance, monthlyUsed: input.monthlyUsed },
       { userId, operation: "updateUserTier" }
     );
+    assertValidTierBalanceInput(input, { userId, operation: "updateUserTier" });
     const credits = this.store.users.get(userId);
     if (!credits) {
       throw new Error(`User ${userId} not found`);
     }
+    if (input.balanceCap !== void 0 && !isFreeTier(credits.tier)) {
+      const capped = planBalanceCap(
+        credits.balance,
+        input.balanceCap,
+        credits.reserved,
+        credits.bonusCredits,
+        credits.expiredHoldBacking
+      );
+      credits.balance = capped.balance;
+      writeExpiredHoldBacking(this.store, credits, capped.expiredHoldBacking);
+    }
     credits.tier = input.tier;
     credits.monthlyLimit = input.monthlyLimit;
     if (input.balance !== void 0) {
-      credits.balance = Math.max(
-        input.balance,
-        backedBalanceFloor(credits.reserved, credits.bonusCredits)
-      );
+      const planned = planBalanceTarget(input.balance, credits.reserved, credits.bonusCredits);
+      credits.balance = planned.balance;
+      writeExpiredHoldBacking(this.store, credits, planned.expiredHoldBacking);
     }
+    writeExpiredHoldBacking(
+      this.store,
+      credits,
+      heldExpiredBacking(credits.balance, credits.expiredHoldBacking)
+    );
     if (input.monthlyUsed !== void 0) credits.monthlyUsed = input.monthlyUsed;
     if (input.subscriptionExpiresAt !== void 0) {
       if (input.subscriptionExpiresAt === null) {
@@ -1884,6 +2178,11 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
       { userId, operation: "addCredits" }
     );
     credits.bonusCredits = nextBonusCredits;
+    writeExpiredHoldBacking(
+      this.store,
+      credits,
+      heldExpiredBacking(credits.balance, credits.expiredHoldBacking)
+    );
     credits.updatedAt = (/* @__PURE__ */ new Date()).toISOString();
     this.store.users.set(userId, credits);
     const transaction = this.recordTransaction({
@@ -1903,6 +2202,7 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
       userId,
       entryType: "credit",
       amount,
+      balanceBefore: previousTotal,
       balanceAfter: newTotal,
       source: payload.source,
       referenceId: transaction.id ?? paymentRef ?? "unknown",
@@ -1936,19 +2236,23 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
       });
     }
   }
-  async deductCreditsAtomic(userId, amount) {
+  async deductCreditsAtomic(userId, amount, journal) {
     assertValidCreditAmount(amount, { userId, operation: "deductCredits" });
     const credits = this.store.users.get(userId);
     if (!credits) {
       throw new Error(`User credits not found for userId: ${userId}`);
     }
-    const available = sumAmounts(credits.balance, credits.bonusCredits, -credits.reserved);
+    const spendable = spendableBalance(credits.balance, credits.expiredHoldBacking);
+    const available = Math.min(
+      sumAmounts(credits.balance, credits.bonusCredits, -credits.reserved),
+      sumAmounts(spendable, credits.bonusCredits)
+    );
     if (available < amount) {
       throw new Error(
         `Insufficient credits. Available: ${available}, requested: ${amount}`
       );
     }
-    const balanceDeduction = Math.min(credits.balance, amount);
+    const balanceDeduction = Math.min(spendable, amount);
     const bonusDeduction = sumAmounts(amount, -balanceDeduction);
     const previousBalance = sumAmounts(credits.balance, credits.bonusCredits);
     const nextBalance = sumAmounts(credits.balance, -balanceDeduction);
@@ -1958,11 +2262,26 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
       { previousBalance, balance: nextBalance, bonusCredits: nextBonusCredits, newBalance },
       { userId, operation: "deductCredits" }
     );
+    const held = heldExpiredBacking(credits.balance, credits.expiredHoldBacking);
     credits.balance = nextBalance;
     credits.bonusCredits = nextBonusCredits;
+    writeExpiredHoldBacking(this.store, credits, held);
     credits.updatedAt = (/* @__PURE__ */ new Date()).toISOString();
     this.store.users.set(userId, credits);
-    return { previousBalance, newBalance };
+    if (!journal) return { previousBalance, newBalance };
+    const entry = this.recordJournalEntry({
+      userId,
+      entryType: "debit",
+      amount,
+      balanceBefore: previousBalance,
+      balanceAfter: newBalance,
+      source: journal.source ?? "operation_commit",
+      referenceId: journal.referenceId,
+      referenceType: journal.referenceType ?? "adjustment",
+      description: journal.description,
+      metadata: journal.metadata
+    });
+    return { previousBalance, newBalance, journalEntryId: entry.id };
   }
   // ==================== Transactions ====================
   async createTransaction(input) {
@@ -2076,6 +2395,11 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
     assertRepresentableAmount(input.balanceAfter, "journal balanceAfter", {
       userId: input.userId
     });
+    if (input.balanceBefore !== void 0) {
+      assertRepresentableAmount(input.balanceBefore, "journal balanceBefore", {
+        userId: input.userId
+      });
+    }
     assertValidIdempotencyKey(input.idempotencyKey, { userId: input.userId });
     assertPublicJournalKey(input.idempotencyKey, input.userId);
     const key = input.idempotencyKey !== void 0 ? scopedKey(input.userId, input.idempotencyKey) : void 0;
@@ -2091,6 +2415,7 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
       userId: input.userId,
       entryType: input.entryType,
       amount: input.amount,
+      ...input.balanceBefore !== void 0 ? { balanceBefore: input.balanceBefore } : {},
       balanceAfter: input.balanceAfter,
       source: input.source,
       referenceId: input.referenceId,
@@ -2185,7 +2510,11 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
     return { expiredCount, creditsReleased, errors };
   }
   // ==================== Atomic Monthly Reset ====================
-  async atomicMonthlyReset(userId, tier, expectedResetAt) {
+  /**
+   * @param _tier - Not trusted. The caller read it earlier and the account may
+   *   have changed tier since, so the reset uses the tier stored on the account.
+   */
+  async atomicMonthlyReset(userId, _tier, expectedResetAt) {
     const credits = this.store.users.get(userId);
     if (!credits) {
       throw new Error(`User ${userId} not found`);
@@ -2195,17 +2524,41 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
     if (currentResetAt !== expected) {
       return { wasReset: false, credits: { ...credits } };
     }
-    assertRepresentableTierAmount(getConfigMonthlyLimit(tier), "monthlyLimit", { userId, tier });
+    const tier = credits.tier;
+    const spendable = spendableBalance(credits.balance, credits.expiredHoldBacking);
+    const decision = this.options.resolveMonthlyReset?.({ tier, balance: spendable });
+    if (decision === null) {
+      return { wasReset: false, credits: { ...credits } };
+    }
+    if (decision) {
+      assertValidBalanceTarget(decision.balance, "resolveMonthlyReset balance", { userId, tier });
+      if (decision.monthlyLimit !== void 0) {
+        assertValidBalanceTarget(decision.monthlyLimit, "resolveMonthlyReset monthlyLimit", {
+          userId,
+          tier
+        });
+      }
+    } else {
+      assertRepresentableTierAmount(getConfigMonthlyLimit(tier), "monthlyLimit", { userId, tier });
+    }
     const nextReset = getNextMonthlyReset();
-    const target = monthlyResetBalance(tier);
-    const floor = backedBalanceFloor(credits.reserved, credits.bonusCredits);
     const previousBalance = credits.balance;
-    const newBalance = target.kind === "atLeast" ? Math.max(credits.balance, target.value, floor) : Math.max(target.value, floor);
+    let target;
+    if (decision) {
+      target = decision.balance;
+    } else {
+      const configured = monthlyResetBalance(tier);
+      target = configured.kind === "atLeast" ? Math.max(spendable, configured.value) : configured.value;
+    }
+    const planned = planBalanceTarget(target, credits.reserved, credits.bonusCredits);
+    const newBalance = planned.balance;
     const change = sumAmounts(newBalance, -previousBalance);
     const balanceAfter = sumAmounts(newBalance, credits.bonusCredits);
     assertRepresentableAmount(Math.abs(change), "journal amount", { userId });
     assertRepresentableAmount(balanceAfter, "journal balanceAfter", { userId });
     credits.balance = newBalance;
+    writeExpiredHoldBacking(this.store, credits, planned.expiredHoldBacking);
+    if (decision?.monthlyLimit !== void 0) credits.monthlyLimit = decision.monthlyLimit;
     credits.monthlyUsed = 0;
     credits.monthlyResetAt = nextReset.toISOString();
     credits.updatedAt = (/* @__PURE__ */ new Date()).toISOString();
@@ -2215,6 +2568,7 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
         userId,
         entryType: change > 0 ? "credit" : "debit",
         amount: Math.abs(change),
+        balanceBefore: sumAmounts(previousBalance, credits.bonusCredits),
         balanceAfter,
         source: "monthly_reset",
         referenceId: `reset-${Date.now()}`,
@@ -2259,23 +2613,34 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
       };
     }
     const defaultTier = getDefaultTier();
-    const configured = getConfigMonthlyLimit(defaultTier);
-    assertRepresentableTierAmount(configured, "monthlyLimit", {
-      userId,
-      tier: defaultTier
-    });
-    const limit = storedMonthlyLimit(configured);
+    let limit;
+    if (this.options.getDowngradeBalanceCap) {
+      limit = this.options.getDowngradeBalanceCap();
+      assertValidBalanceTarget(limit, "getDowngradeBalanceCap", { userId, tier: defaultTier });
+    } else {
+      const configured = getConfigMonthlyLimit(defaultTier);
+      assertRepresentableTierAmount(configured, "monthlyLimit", {
+        userId,
+        tier: defaultTier
+      });
+      limit = storedMonthlyLimit(configured);
+    }
     const previousTier = credits.tier;
     const previousBalance = credits.balance;
-    const newBalance = Math.max(
-      Math.min(credits.balance, limit),
-      backedBalanceFloor(credits.reserved, credits.bonusCredits)
+    const planned = planBalanceCap(
+      credits.balance,
+      limit,
+      credits.reserved,
+      credits.bonusCredits,
+      credits.expiredHoldBacking
     );
+    const newBalance = planned.balance;
     const balanceAfter = sumAmounts(newBalance, credits.bonusCredits);
     assertRepresentableAmount(balanceAfter, "journal balanceAfter", { userId });
     credits.tier = defaultTier;
     credits.monthlyLimit = limit;
     credits.balance = newBalance;
+    writeExpiredHoldBacking(this.store, credits, planned.expiredHoldBacking);
     credits.subscriptionExpiresAt = null;
     credits.updatedAt = (/* @__PURE__ */ new Date()).toISOString();
     this.store.users.set(userId, credits);
@@ -2284,6 +2649,7 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
       entryType: "debit",
       amount: 0,
       // No credits deducted, just tier change
+      balanceBefore: sumAmounts(previousBalance, credits.bonusCredits),
       balanceAfter,
       source: "subscription_downgrade",
       referenceId: `downgrade-${Date.now()}`,
@@ -2333,8 +2699,8 @@ var InMemoryCreditRepository = class {
     return copyRecords(Array.from(userReservations.values()));
   }
 };
-function createInMemoryCreditRepository() {
-  return new InMemoryCreditRepository();
+function createInMemoryCreditRepository(options = {}) {
+  return new InMemoryCreditRepository(options);
 }
 
 // src/auth/api-key.ts
@@ -2447,6 +2813,7 @@ var CreditsService = class {
           entryType: "debit",
           amount: 0,
           // No credits deducted, just tier change
+          balanceBefore: sumAmounts(data.balance, data.bonusCredits),
           // The ledger balance, matching every other journal writer: the V2
           // transitions and add/deduct all record `balance + bonusCredits`, so
           // recording `balance` alone made the audit trail disagree with itself
@@ -2490,6 +2857,7 @@ var CreditsService = class {
             userId,
             entryType: balanceChange > 0 ? "credit" : "debit",
             amount: Math.abs(balanceChange),
+            balanceBefore: sumAmounts(data.balance, data.bonusCredits),
             balanceAfter: sumAmounts(
               resetResult.credits.balance,
               resetResult.credits.bonusCredits
@@ -2497,9 +2865,11 @@ var CreditsService = class {
             source: "monthly_reset",
             referenceId: `reset-${Date.now()}`,
             referenceType: "reset",
-            description: `Monthly credit reset for ${data.tier} tier.`,
+            // The tier the reset ran on, which a concurrent downgrade may have
+            // changed since `data` was read.
+            description: `Monthly credit reset for ${resetResult.credits.tier} tier.`,
             metadata: {
-              tier: data.tier,
+              tier: resetResult.credits.tier,
               previousBalance: data.balance,
               newBalance: resetResult.credits.balance
             }
@@ -2722,9 +3092,18 @@ var CreditsService = class {
    */
   async deductCredits(userId, amount, options) {
     assertValidCreditAmount(amount, { userId, operation: "deductCredits" });
+    const operationType = options?.operationType;
+    const journal = {
+      referenceId: options?.requestId ?? `deduct-${Date.now()}`,
+      description: operationType ? `Deducted ${amount} credits for ${getOperationLabel(operationType)}` : `Deducted ${amount} credits`,
+      metadata: {
+        ...options?.metadata,
+        ...operationType && { operationType }
+      }
+    };
     let deduction;
     try {
-      deduction = await this.repository.deductCreditsAtomic(userId, amount);
+      deduction = await this.repository.deductCreditsAtomic(userId, amount, journal);
     } catch (error) {
       if (isCreditError(error) && error.code === CreditErrorCode.INVALID_AMOUNT) throw error;
       const credits = await this.repository.getUserCredits(userId);
@@ -2740,21 +3119,18 @@ var CreditsService = class {
         shortfall: sumAmounts(amount, -available)
       };
     }
-    const operationType = options?.operationType;
-    await this.repository.createJournalEntry({
-      userId,
-      entryType: "debit",
-      amount,
-      balanceAfter: deduction.newBalance,
-      source: "operation_commit",
-      referenceId: options?.requestId ?? `deduct-${Date.now()}`,
-      referenceType: "adjustment",
-      description: operationType ? `Deducted ${amount} credits for ${getOperationLabel(operationType)}` : `Deducted ${amount} credits`,
-      metadata: {
-        ...options?.metadata,
-        ...operationType && { operationType }
-      }
-    });
+    if (deduction.journalEntryId === void 0) {
+      await this.repository.createJournalEntry({
+        userId,
+        entryType: "debit",
+        amount,
+        balanceBefore: deduction.previousBalance,
+        balanceAfter: deduction.newBalance,
+        source: "operation_commit",
+        referenceType: "adjustment",
+        ...journal
+      });
+    }
     if (operationType) {
       await this.logUsage({
         userId,
@@ -3764,6 +4140,7 @@ export {
   CreditsSDKError,
   CreditsService,
   InMemoryCreditRepository,
+  NO_EXPIRED_BACKING_PREFIX,
   NetworkError,
   RESERVATION_STATUSES,
   RESERVED_JOURNAL_KEY_PREFIX,
@@ -3776,6 +4153,7 @@ export {
   UNLIMITED_BALANCE_SENTINEL,
   ValidationError,
   addCreditsThroughRepository,
+  allocateExpiredBacking,
   assertDirectStatusWriteAllowed,
   assertHoldPlaced,
   assertKnownReservationStatus,
@@ -3785,12 +4163,17 @@ export {
   assertRepresentableTierAmount,
   assertUnkeyedDirectReservation,
   assertUnreferencedDirectTransaction,
+  assertValidBalanceTarget,
+  assertValidBalanceUpdate,
   assertValidCreditAmount,
   assertValidIdempotencyKey,
   assertValidStoredAmount,
   assertValidStoredAmountRaw,
+  assertValidTierBalanceInput,
   backedBalanceFloor,
   calculateAvailableCredits,
+  canonicalAmount,
+  cappedBalance,
   checkAndNotifyLowBalance,
   classifyDatabaseError,
   clearConfigProvider,
@@ -3816,6 +4199,7 @@ export {
   createUnsupportedOperationError,
   createUserNotFoundError,
   describePaymentMismatch,
+  expiredBackingPatch,
   generateId,
   generateRequestId2 as generateRequestId,
   genericDeferred,
@@ -3841,6 +4225,9 @@ export {
   getValidOperationTypes,
   getValidTiers,
   hasPlacedHold,
+  heldExpiredBacking,
+  holdExpiredBacking,
+  holdPlacedAtAfter,
   initializeConfig,
   isCreditError,
   isCreditErrorMessage,
@@ -3866,6 +4253,7 @@ export {
   isWinningOutcome,
   loadConfigFromEnv,
   monthlyResetBalance,
+  multiplyAmount,
   noopDeferred,
   normalizePaymentRef,
   notifySubscriptionExpired,
@@ -3874,6 +4262,10 @@ export {
   parseApiError,
   parseCreditError,
   parseTier,
+  planBalanceCap,
+  planBalanceTarget,
+  planHoldCommit,
+  recordedExpiredBacking,
   registerConfigProvider,
   registerNotificationHandler,
   releaseReservationWithJournal,
@@ -3883,6 +4275,10 @@ export {
   reserveThroughRepository,
   resetConfig,
   sameAmount,
+  settleExpiredHoldBacking,
+  spendableBalance,
+  storedAmountCeil,
+  storedAmountFloor,
   storedMonthlyLimit,
   sumAmounts,
   supportsCreditsV2,
@@ -3894,6 +4290,7 @@ export {
   toClientUserCredits,
   toDate,
   toPortableTimestamp,
+  validateBalanceUpdate,
   verifyAdminApiKey,
   verifyBearerToken
 };