@napi-rs/cli 3.7.3 → 3.8.0

package/src/api/templates/load-wasi-template.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,266 @@
+const WASI_DISPOSE_SYMBOL = 'napi.rs.wasi.dispose'
+const WASI_ROLLBACK_REGISTRY_SYMBOL = 'napi.rs.wasi.rollback.registry.v1'
+
+const emnapiContextLifecycle = `
+const __wasiDisposeSymbol = Symbol.for('${WASI_DISPOSE_SYMBOL}')
+const __wasiWorkers = new Set()
+let __napiInstance
+let __emnapiContextDestroyed = false
+let __emnapiContextDestroyPromise
+let __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPrepared = false
+let __wasiDisposed = false
+let __wasiDisposePromise
+let __completeWasiDisposal = function() {}
+
+function __isThenable(value) {
+  return (
+    value !== null &&
+    (typeof value === 'object' || typeof value === 'function') &&
+    typeof value.then === 'function'
+  )
+}
+
+function __createCleanupError(errors, message) {
+  if (errors.length === 1) {
+    return errors[0]
+  }
+  const __AggregateError = globalThis.AggregateError
+  if (typeof __AggregateError === 'function') {
+    return new __AggregateError(errors, message)
+  }
+  const error = new Error(message)
+  error.errors = errors
+  return error
+}
+
+function __attachCleanupErrors(error, cleanupErrors) {
+  if (cleanupErrors.length === 0) {
+    return error
+  }
+  const cleanupError = __createCleanupError(
+    cleanupErrors,
+    'WASI binding cleanup failed',
+  )
+  try {
+    if (
+      error &&
+      (typeof error === 'object' || typeof error === 'function')
+    ) {
+      if (error.cause === undefined) {
+        error.cause = cleanupError
+        if (error.cause === cleanupError) {
+          return error
+        }
+      }
+      if (Array.isArray(error.cleanupErrors)) {
+        error.cleanupErrors.push(cleanupError)
+        return error
+      } else {
+        const attachedCleanupErrors = [cleanupError]
+        error.cleanupErrors = attachedCleanupErrors
+        if (error.cleanupErrors === attachedCleanupErrors) {
+          return error
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } catch {}
+  const aggregate = __createCleanupError(
+    [error, cleanupError],
+    'WASI binding initialization and cleanup failed',
+  )
+  try {
+    aggregate.cause = error
+  } catch {}
+  return aggregate
+}
+
+function __prepareWasmEnvCleanup() {
+  if (__emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPrepared) {
+    return
+  }
+  const prepare = __napiInstance?.exports?.napi_prepare_wasm_env_cleanup
+  if (typeof prepare === 'function') {
+    prepare()
+  }
+  __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPrepared = true
+}
+
+function __destroyEmnapiContext() {
+  if (__emnapiContextDestroyed || __emnapiContext === undefined) {
+    __emnapiContextDestroyed = true
+    return
+  }
+  if (__emnapiContextDestroyPromise) {
+    return __emnapiContextDestroyPromise
+  }
+
+  __prepareWasmEnvCleanup()
+  const result = __emnapiContext.destroy()
+  if (!__isThenable(result)) {
+    __emnapiContextDestroyed = true
+    return
+  }
+
+  const destroyPromise = Promise.resolve(result).then(
+    (value) => {
+      __emnapiContextDestroyed = true
+      return value
+    },
+    (error) => {
+      __emnapiContextDestroyPromise = undefined
+      throw error
+    },
+  )
+  __emnapiContextDestroyPromise = destroyPromise
+  return destroyPromise
+}
+
+function __terminateWasiWorkers() {
+  const cleanupErrors = []
+  const pending = []
+
+  for (const worker of __wasiWorkers) {
+    let result
+    try {
+      result = worker.terminate()
+    } catch (error) {
+      cleanupErrors.push(error)
+      continue
+    }
+    if (__isThenable(result)) {
+      pending.push(
+        Promise.resolve(result).then(
+          () => {
+            __wasiWorkers.delete(worker)
+          },
+          (error) => {
+            cleanupErrors.push(error)
+          },
+        ),
+      )
+    } else {
+      __wasiWorkers.delete(worker)
+    }
+  }
+
+  const finish = () => {
+    if (cleanupErrors.length > 0) {
+      throw __createCleanupError(
+        cleanupErrors,
+        'Failed to terminate WASI workers',
+      )
+    }
+  }
+  return pending.length > 0 ? Promise.all(pending).then(finish) : finish()
+}
+
+function __finishWasiDisposal() {
+  const workerResult = __terminateWasiWorkers()
+  if (__isThenable(workerResult)) {
+    return Promise.resolve(workerResult).then(__completeWasiDisposal)
+  }
+  return __completeWasiDisposal()
+}
+
+function __startWasiDisposal() {
+  const destroyResult = __destroyEmnapiContext()
+  if (__isThenable(destroyResult)) {
+    return Promise.resolve(destroyResult).then(__finishWasiDisposal)
+  }
+  return __finishWasiDisposal()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Disposes this generated WASI binding.
+ *
+ * Access this function with:
+ * binding[Symbol.for('${WASI_DISPOSE_SYMBOL}')]()
+ */
+function __disposeWasiBinding() {
+  if (__wasiDisposePromise) {
+    return __wasiDisposePromise
+  }
+  if (__wasiDisposed) {
+    return Promise.resolve()
+  }
+
+  let resolveDispose
+  let rejectDispose
+  const disposePromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    resolveDispose = resolve
+    rejectDispose = reject
+  })
+  __wasiDisposePromise = disposePromise
+
+  let result
+  try {
+    result = __startWasiDisposal()
+  } catch (error) {
+    __wasiDisposePromise = undefined
+    rejectDispose(error)
+    return disposePromise
+  }
+
+  Promise.resolve(result).then(
+    (value) => {
+      __wasiDisposed = true
+      resolveDispose(value)
+    },
+    (error) => {
+      __wasiDisposePromise = undefined
+      rejectDispose(error)
+    },
+  )
+  return disposePromise
+}
+
+function __publishWasiDispose(exports) {
+  Object.defineProperty(exports, __wasiDisposeSymbol, {
+    configurable: false,
+    enumerable: false,
+    value: __disposeWasiBinding,
+    writable: false,
+  })
+}
+
+function __finishWasiInitializationRollback(cleanupErrors) {
+  let workerResult
+  try {
+    workerResult = __terminateWasiWorkers()
+  } catch (cleanupError) {
+    cleanupErrors.push(cleanupError)
+    return cleanupErrors
+  }
+  if (__isThenable(workerResult)) {
+    return Promise.resolve(workerResult)
+      .catch((cleanupError) => {
+        cleanupErrors.push(cleanupError)
+      })
+      .then(() => cleanupErrors)
+  }
+  return cleanupErrors
+}
+
+function __rollbackWasiInitialization() {
+  const cleanupErrors = []
+  let destroyResult
+  try {
+    destroyResult = __destroyEmnapiContext()
+  } catch (cleanupError) {
+    cleanupErrors.push(cleanupError)
+    return __finishWasiInitializationRollback(cleanupErrors)
+  }
+  if (__isThenable(destroyResult)) {
+    return Promise.resolve(destroyResult)
+      .catch((cleanupError) => {
+        cleanupErrors.push(cleanupError)
+      })
+      .then(() => __finishWasiInitializationRollback(cleanupErrors))
+  }
+  return __finishWasiInitializationRollback(cleanupErrors)
+}
+`
+
 export const createWasiBrowserBinding = (
   wasiFilename: string,
   initialMemory = 4000,
@@ -6,6 +269,7 @@ export const createWasiBrowserBinding = (
   asyncInit = false,
   buffer = false,
   errorEvent = false,
+  threads = true,
 ) => {
   const fsImport = fs
     ? buffer
@@ -30,20 +294,28 @@ const __wasi = new __WASI({
 })`
 
   const workerFsHandler = fs
-    ? `    worker.addEventListener('message', __wasmCreateOnMessageForFsProxy(__fs))\n`
+    ? `      worker.addEventListener('message', __wasmCreateOnMessageForFsProxy(__fs))\n`
     : ''
 
   const workerErrorHandler = errorEvent
-    ? `    worker.addEventListener('message', (event) => {
-      if (event.data && typeof event.data === 'object' && event.data.type === 'error') {
-        window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('napi-rs-worker-error', { detail: event.data }))
-      }
-    })
+    ? `      worker.addEventListener('message', (event) => {
+        if (event.data && typeof event.data === 'object' && event.data.type === 'error') {
+          const __CustomEvent = globalThis.CustomEvent
+          if (
+            typeof globalThis.dispatchEvent === 'function' &&
+            typeof __CustomEvent === 'function'
+          ) {
+            globalThis.dispatchEvent(
+              new __CustomEvent('napi-rs-worker-error', { detail: event.data }),
+            )
+          }
+        }
+      })
 `
     : ''
 
   const emnapiInjectBuffer = buffer
-    ? '__emnapiContext.feature.Buffer = Buffer'
+    ? '  __emnapiContext.features.Buffer = Buffer\n'
     : ''
   const emnapiInstantiateImport = asyncInit
     ? `instantiateNapiModule as __emnapiInstantiateNapiModule`
@@ -51,71 +323,1171 @@ const __wasi = new __WASI({
   const emnapiInstantiateCall = asyncInit
     ? `await __emnapiInstantiateNapiModule`
     : `__emnapiInstantiateNapiModuleSync`
+  const workerRuntimeImport = threads
+    ? `  createOnMessage as __wasmCreateOnMessageForFsProxy,\n`
+    : ''
+  const memoryName = threads ? '__sharedMemory' : '__wasmMemory'
+  const asyncWorkPoolOption = `    asyncWorkPoolSize: ${threads ? 4 : 0},
+`
+  // Every build links a "basic" emnapi archive without the C async-work and
+  // threadsafe-function implementations (the `emnapi-napi-rs(-mt)` archives shipped by the emnapi package), so the
+  // JavaScript implementations must be provided through the emnapi plugins in
+  // both threading modes. Without threads the C code would be unconditional
+  // `napi_generic_failure` stubs; with threads it would shadow the
+  // `@emnapi/core` threaded TSFN/async-work protocol the plugins implement.
+  const emnapiPluginImport = `  emnapiAsyncWorkPlugin as __emnapiAsyncWorkPlugin,\n  emnapiTSFNPlugin as __emnapiTSFNPlugin,\n`
+  const emnapiPluginOption = `    plugins: [__emnapiAsyncWorkPlugin, __emnapiTSFNPlugin],\n`
+  const workerOption = threads
+    ? `    onCreateWorker() {
+      const worker = new Worker(new URL('./wasi-worker-browser.mjs', import.meta.url), {
+        type: 'module',
+      })
+      __wasiWorkers.add(worker)
+${workerFsHandler}
+${workerErrorHandler}
+      return worker
+    },
+`
+    : ''
 
   return `import {
-  createOnMessage as __wasmCreateOnMessageForFsProxy,
-  getDefaultContext as __emnapiGetDefaultContext,
+${emnapiPluginImport}\
+${workerRuntimeImport}\
   ${emnapiInstantiateImport},
   WASI as __WASI,
 } from '@napi-rs/wasm-runtime'
+import { createContext as __emnapiCreateContext } from '@emnapi/runtime'
 ${fsImport}
 ${bufferImport}
 ${wasiCreation}
 
 const __wasmUrl = new URL('./${wasiFilename}.wasm', import.meta.url).href
-const __emnapiContext = __emnapiGetDefaultContext()
-${emnapiInjectBuffer}
+const __wasmResponse = await globalThis.fetch(__wasmUrl)
+if (!__wasmResponse.ok) {
+  throw new Error(
+    'Failed to fetch WASI module ' +
+      __wasmUrl +
+      ': ' +
+      __wasmResponse.status +
+      ' ' +
+      (__wasmResponse.statusText || 'Unknown Status'),
+  )
+}
+const __wasmFile = await __wasmResponse.arrayBuffer()
 
-const __sharedMemory = new WebAssembly.Memory({
+const ${memoryName} = new WebAssembly.Memory({
   initial: ${initialMemory},
   maximum: ${maximumMemory},
-  shared: true,
+${threads ? '  shared: true,\n' : ''}\
 })
 
-const __wasmFile = await fetch(__wasmUrl).then((res) => res.arrayBuffer())
+let __emnapiContext
+${emnapiContextLifecycle}
+let __wasiModule
+let __napiModule
 
-const {
-  instance: __napiInstance,
-  module: __wasiModule,
-  napiModule: __napiModule,
-} = ${emnapiInstantiateCall}(__wasmFile, {
-  context: __emnapiContext,
-  asyncWorkPoolSize: 4,
-  wasi: __wasi,
-  onCreateWorker() {
-    const worker = new Worker(new URL('./wasi-worker-browser.mjs', import.meta.url), {
-      type: 'module',
+try {
+  __emnapiContext = __emnapiCreateContext({ autoDestroy: false })
+  __emnapiContext.suppressDestroy()
+  ${emnapiInjectBuffer}
+  ;({
+    instance: __napiInstance,
+    module: __wasiModule,
+    napiModule: __napiModule,
+  } = ${emnapiInstantiateCall}(__wasmFile, {
+    context: __emnapiContext,
+${asyncWorkPoolOption}\
+${emnapiPluginOption}\
+    wasi: __wasi,
+${workerOption}\
+    overwriteImports(importObject) {
+      importObject.env = {
+        ...importObject.env,
+        ...importObject.napi,
+        ...importObject.emnapi,
+        memory: ${memoryName},
+      }
+      return importObject
+    },
+    beforeInit({ instance }) {
+      __napiInstance = instance
+      for (const name of Object.keys(instance.exports)) {
+        if (name.startsWith('__napi_register__')) {
+          instance.exports[name]()
+        }
+      }
+    },
+  }))
+  __publishWasiDispose(__napiModule.exports)
+} catch (error) {
+  const cleanupErrors = await __rollbackWasiInitialization()
+  throw __attachCleanupErrors(error, cleanupErrors)
+}
+`
+}
+
+export const createWasiDeferredBrowserBinding = (
+  wasiFilename: string,
+  // 64 MiB leaves headroom for JS/runtime state under workerd's 128 MiB
+  // isolate limit. The regular Node/browser loaders retain their historical
+  // 4,000-page default.
+  initialMemory = 1024,
+  maximumMemory = 65536,
+  buffer = false,
+) => {
+  const bufferImport = buffer ? `import { Buffer } from 'buffer'` : ''
+  const emnapiInjectBuffer = buffer
+    ? '    __emnapiContext.features.Buffer = Buffer\n'
+    : ''
+  return `import {
+  emnapiAsyncWorkPlugin as __emnapiAsyncWorkPlugin,
+  emnapiTSFNPlugin as __emnapiTSFNPlugin,
+  instantiateNapiModule as __emnapiInstantiateNapiModule,
+  WASI as __WASI,
+} from '@napi-rs/wasm-runtime'
+import { createContext as __emnapiCreateContext } from '@emnapi/runtime'
+${bufferImport}
+
+/**
+ * Deferred, workerd-safe instantiation: no top-level I/O, no compile-from-bytes.
+ * Accepts ONLY a precompiled WebAssembly.Module, or a Promise resolving to one
+ * (e.g. \`import mod from './${wasiFilename}.wasm'\` under a CompiledWasm
+ * module rule / wrangler module import). Byte buffers, URLs and Response
+ * objects are rejected: they require dynamic Wasm compilation, which
+ * Cloudflare Workers disallows.
+ */
+async function __resolveModule(__wasmInput) {
+  const __module = await __wasmInput
+  // Brand check, not \`instanceof\`: \`WebAssembly.Module.imports\` throws unless
+  // its argument is a genuine WebAssembly.Module, so prototype-spoofed byte
+  // buffers are rejected while cross-realm Module instances are accepted.
+  try {
+    WebAssembly.Module.imports(__module)
+  } catch {
+    throw new TypeError(
+      "instantiate() and createInstance() expect a precompiled WebAssembly.Module (or a Promise resolving to one), " +
+        "e.g. import mod from './${wasiFilename}.wasm' under a CompiledWasm module rule / wrangler module import. " +
+        "Byte buffers, URLs and Response objects require dynamic Wasm compilation, which Cloudflare Workers disallows.",
+    )
+  }
+  return __module
+}
+
+let __normalizedModules
+
+function __rememberNormalizedModule(__module, __normalizedModule) {
+  if (!__normalizedModules) {
+    __normalizedModules = new WeakMap()
+  }
+  __normalizedModules.set(__module, __normalizedModule)
+  return __normalizedModule
+}
+
+async function __normalizeModuleForEmnapi(__module) {
+  if (__module instanceof WebAssembly.Module) {
+    return __module
+  }
+  if (__normalizedModules) {
+    const __normalizedModule = __normalizedModules.get(__module)
+    if (__normalizedModule) {
+      return __normalizedModule
+    }
+  }
+  // @emnapi/core currently performs realm-local \`instanceof\` checks after
+  // accepting the module. Structured cloning preserves compiled code without
+  // compiling bytes and produces a Module owned by the current realm.
+  if (typeof structuredClone === 'function') {
+    try {
+      const __normalizedModule = structuredClone(__module)
+      if (__normalizedModule instanceof WebAssembly.Module) {
+        return __rememberNormalizedModule(__module, __normalizedModule)
+      }
+    } catch {}
+  }
+  // MessageChannel uses the same structured-clone semantics and covers older
+  // browser/Node hosts that expose it but not the structuredClone function.
+  if (typeof MessageChannel === 'function') {
+    let __channel
+    try {
+      __channel = new MessageChannel()
+      const __normalizedModule = await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        __channel.port1.onmessage = (event) => resolve(event.data)
+        __channel.port1.onmessageerror = () =>
+          reject(new TypeError('Failed to clone WebAssembly.Module'))
+        try {
+          __channel.port2.postMessage(__module)
+        } catch (error) {
+          reject(error)
+        }
+      })
+      if (__normalizedModule instanceof WebAssembly.Module) {
+        return __rememberNormalizedModule(__module, __normalizedModule)
+      }
+    } catch {
+    } finally {
+      try {
+        __channel?.port1.close()
+      } catch {}
+      try {
+        __channel?.port2.close()
+      } catch {}
+    }
+  }
+  // Last-resort compatibility for genuine, extensible foreign Modules.
+  try {
+    Object.setPrototypeOf(__module, WebAssembly.Module.prototype)
+  } catch {}
+  if (__module instanceof WebAssembly.Module) {
+    return __module
+  }
+  throw new TypeError(
+    'This host cannot normalize a cross-realm WebAssembly.Module; ' +
+      'provide structuredClone or MessageChannel support.',
+  )
+}
+
+function __captureEmnapiAutoDestroyListener(__process) {
+  if (
+    !__process ||
+    typeof __process.prependListener !== 'function' ||
+    typeof __process.removeListener !== 'function'
+  ) {
+    return
+  }
+  let __autoDestroyListener
+  const __captureListener = (__event, __listener) => {
+    if (__event === 'beforeExit' && __autoDestroyListener === undefined) {
+      __autoDestroyListener = __listener
+    }
+  }
+  try {
+    // Run before existing newListener hooks so a hook that registers its own
+    // beforeExit listener cannot be mistaken for emnapi's registration.
+    __process.prependListener('newListener', __captureListener)
+  } catch {
+    return
+  }
+  return () => {
+    try {
+      __process.removeListener('newListener', __captureListener)
+    } catch {}
+    if (__autoDestroyListener !== undefined) {
+      try {
+        __process.removeListener('beforeExit', __autoDestroyListener)
+      } catch {}
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function __attachCleanupError(__error, __cleanupError) {
+  try {
+    if (
+      __error &&
+      (typeof __error === 'object' || typeof __error === 'function') &&
+      __error.cause === undefined
+    ) {
+      __error.cause = __cleanupError
+    }
+  } catch {}
+}
+
+function __createLifecycleReentryError(__operation) {
+  const __error = new Error(
+    __operation +
+      '() cannot run while an emnapi Context.destroy() call is still active; await the original cleanup promise instead.',
+  )
+  __error.code = 'ERR_NAPI_WASI_LIFECYCLE_REENTRY'
+  return __error
+}
+
+const __managedEmnapiContextDestroyers = new Set()
+let __managedCleanupProcess
+let __managedBeforeExitListener
+let __managedDestroyPromise
+let __managedDestroyersInFlight
+let __managedBeforeExitRegistrationRetryCount = 0
+let __managedBeforeExitRegistrationRetryScheduled = false
+let __moduleLifecycleDestroyDepth = 0
+
+function __removeManagedEmnapiCleanupListeners() {
+  const __process = __managedCleanupProcess
+  const __beforeExitListener = __managedBeforeExitListener
+  __managedCleanupProcess = undefined
+  __managedBeforeExitListener = undefined
+  __managedBeforeExitRegistrationRetryCount = 0
+  if (__process && __beforeExitListener) {
+    try {
+      __process.removeListener('beforeExit', __beforeExitListener)
+    } catch {}
+  }
+}
+
+function __scheduleManagedBeforeExitListenerRegistration() {
+  if (
+    !__managedCleanupProcess ||
+    __managedBeforeExitListener ||
+    __managedEmnapiContextDestroyers.size === 0 ||
+    __managedBeforeExitRegistrationRetryScheduled ||
+    __managedBeforeExitRegistrationRetryCount >= 3
+  ) {
+    return
+  }
+  __managedBeforeExitRegistrationRetryScheduled = true
+  __managedBeforeExitRegistrationRetryCount++
+  queueMicrotask(() => {
+    __managedBeforeExitRegistrationRetryScheduled = false
+    if (
+      !__managedCleanupProcess ||
+      __managedBeforeExitListener ||
+      __managedEmnapiContextDestroyers.size === 0
+    ) {
+      return
+    }
+    try {
+      __registerManagedBeforeExitListener()
+    } catch {}
+  })
+}
+
+function __registerManagedBeforeExitListener() {
+  if (!__managedCleanupProcess || __managedBeforeExitListener) {
+    return
+  }
+  try {
+    __managedCleanupProcess.once(
+      'beforeExit',
+      __destroyManagedEmnapiContextsBeforeExit,
+    )
+  } catch (error) {
+    __scheduleManagedBeforeExitListenerRegistration()
+    throw error
+  }
+  __managedBeforeExitListener = __destroyManagedEmnapiContextsBeforeExit
+  __managedBeforeExitRegistrationRetryCount = 0
+}
+
+function __settleManagedEmnapiContextDestroy(__promise) {
+  if (__managedDestroyPromise === __promise) {
+    __managedDestroyPromise = undefined
+    __managedDestroyersInFlight = undefined
+  }
+  if (__managedEmnapiContextDestroyers.size === 0) {
+    __removeManagedEmnapiCleanupListeners()
+    return
+  }
+  try {
+    __registerManagedBeforeExitListener()
+  } catch {}
+}
+
+function __destroyManagedEmnapiContexts(__excludedDestroyers) {
+  if (__managedDestroyPromise) {
+    return __managedDestroyPromise
+  }
+  const __destroyers = Array.from(__managedEmnapiContextDestroyers).filter(
+    (__destroy) => !__excludedDestroyers?.has(__destroy),
+  )
+  if (__destroyers.length === 0) {
+    return Promise.resolve()
+  }
+  let __resolveDestroy
+  let __rejectDestroy
+  const __promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    __resolveDestroy = resolve
+    __rejectDestroy = reject
+  })
+  __managedDestroyPromise = __promise
+  __managedDestroyersInFlight = new Set(__destroyers)
+  void Promise.all(
+    __destroyers.map((__destroy) => {
+      try {
+        return Promise.resolve(__destroy()).then(
+          () => ({ failed: false }),
+          (error) => ({ failed: true, error }),
+        )
+      } catch (error) {
+        return { failed: true, error }
+      }
+    }),
+  ).then((__results) => {
+    let __primaryError
+    let __failed = false
+    for (const __result of __results) {
+      if (!__result.failed) {
+        continue
+      }
+      if (!__failed) {
+        __failed = true
+        __primaryError = __result.error
+      } else {
+        __attachCleanupError(__primaryError, __result.error)
+      }
+    }
+    if (__failed) {
+      __rejectDestroy(__primaryError)
+    } else {
+      __resolveDestroy()
+    }
+  }, __rejectDestroy)
+  void __promise.then(
+    () => {
+      __settleManagedEmnapiContextDestroy(__promise)
+    },
+    () => {
+      __settleManagedEmnapiContextDestroy(__promise)
+    },
+  )
+  return __promise
+}
+
+async function __drainManagedEmnapiContexts(__excludedDestroyers) {
+  const __attemptedDestroyers = new Set(__excludedDestroyers)
+  let __primaryError
+  let __failed = false
+  while (true) {
+    let __promise = __managedDestroyPromise
+    let __destroyers = __managedDestroyersInFlight
+    if (!__promise) {
+      __promise = __destroyManagedEmnapiContexts(__attemptedDestroyers)
+      __destroyers = __managedDestroyersInFlight
+      if (!__destroyers) {
+        break
+      }
+    }
+    for (const __destroy of __destroyers) {
+      __attemptedDestroyers.add(__destroy)
+    }
+    try {
+      await __promise
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (!__failed) {
+        __failed = true
+        __primaryError = error
+      } else {
+        __attachCleanupError(__primaryError, error)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (__failed) {
+    throw __primaryError
+  }
+}
+
+function __destroyManagedEmnapiContextsBeforeExit() {
+  // A once listener is consumed before Node invokes it, including when another
+  // cleanup batch is still pending.
+  __managedBeforeExitListener = undefined
+  if (__managedDestroyPromise) {
+    return
+  }
+  void __destroyManagedEmnapiContexts().catch((error) => {
+    queueMicrotask(() => {
+      throw error
     })
-${workerFsHandler}
-${workerErrorHandler}
-    return worker
-  },
-  overwriteImports(importObject) {
-    importObject.env = {
-      ...importObject.env,
-      ...importObject.napi,
-      ...importObject.emnapi,
-      memory: __sharedMemory,
-    }
-    return importObject
-  },
-  beforeInit({ instance }) {
-    for (const name of Object.keys(instance.exports)) {
-      if (name.startsWith('__napi_register__')) {
-        instance.exports[name]()
+  })
+}
+
+function __registerManagedEmnapiContext(__process, __destroy) {
+  __managedEmnapiContextDestroyers.add(__destroy)
+  if (
+    !__managedCleanupProcess &&
+    __process &&
+    typeof __process.once === 'function' &&
+    typeof __process.removeListener === 'function'
+  ) {
+    __managedCleanupProcess = __process
+  }
+  let __registered = true
+  return () => {
+    if (!__registered) {
+      return
+    }
+    __registered = false
+    __managedEmnapiContextDestroyers.delete(__destroy)
+    if (__managedEmnapiContextDestroyers.size === 0) {
+      __removeManagedEmnapiCleanupListeners()
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async function __createManagedEmnapiContext(__prepareEnvCleanup) {
+  const __process =
+    typeof process === 'object' && process !== null ? process : undefined
+  const __finishAutoDestroyCapture =
+    __captureEmnapiAutoDestroyListener(__process)
+  let __emnapiContext
+  let __contextInitializationError
+  let __contextInitializationFailed = false
+  try {
+    __emnapiContext = __emnapiCreateContext({ autoDestroy: false })
+    // emnapi 2.x still registers an unconditional process.once('beforeExit')
+    // auto-destroy listener on Node hosts, and suppressDestroy() only
+    // neutralizes its callback without removing it. This loader must stay
+    // side-effect free per instance, so the listener is captured and removed;
+    // suppressDestroy() remains the safety net when removal is unavailable.
+    __emnapiContext.suppressDestroy()
+  } catch (error) {
+    __contextInitializationError = error
+    __contextInitializationFailed = true
+  } finally {
+    // Remove only the exact emnapi callback captured above.
+    __finishAutoDestroyCapture?.()
+  }
+  if (__emnapiContext === undefined) {
+    throw __contextInitializationError
+  }
+  let __disposed = false
+  let __destroying = false
+  let __destroyPromise
+  let __cleanupRegistered = false
+  let __unregisterCleanup
+  const __destroy = (__blocksModuleLifecycle = false) => {
+    if (__disposed) {
+      return
+    }
+    if (__destroying) {
+      throw __createLifecycleReentryError('dispose')
+    }
+    if (__destroyPromise) {
+      return __destroyPromise
+    }
+    __destroying = true
+    let __result
+    const __finishDestroyInvocation = () => {
+      __destroying = false
+    }
+    const __finishModuleLifecycleDestroy = () => {
+      if (__blocksModuleLifecycle) {
+        __blocksModuleLifecycle = false
+        __moduleLifecycleDestroyDepth--
       }
     }
-  },
-})
+    if (__blocksModuleLifecycle) {
+      __moduleLifecycleDestroyDepth++
+    }
+    try {
+      // Context.destroy() disables JS before cleanup hooks run, so settle
+      // runtime-owned promises while this environment can still call JS.
+      __prepareEnvCleanup?.()
+      __result = __emnapiContext.destroy()
+    } catch (error) {
+      __finishDestroyInvocation()
+      __finishModuleLifecycleDestroy()
+      throw error
+    }
+    let __then
+    try {
+      if (
+        __result !== null &&
+        (typeof __result === 'object' || typeof __result === 'function')
+      ) {
+        __then = __result.then
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      __finishDestroyInvocation()
+      __finishModuleLifecycleDestroy()
+      throw error
+    }
+    if (typeof __then === 'function') {
+      let __resolveResult
+      let __rejectResult
+      const __resultPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        __resolveResult = resolve
+        __rejectResult = reject
+      })
+      const __promise = __resultPromise.then(
+        (value) => {
+          __finishDestroyInvocation()
+          __finishModuleLifecycleDestroy()
+          __disposed = true
+          __destroyPromise = undefined
+          __unregisterCleanup?.()
+          return value
+        },
+        (error) => {
+          __finishDestroyInvocation()
+          __finishModuleLifecycleDestroy()
+          __destroyPromise = undefined
+          throw error
+        },
+      )
+      __destroyPromise = __promise
+      try {
+        Reflect.apply(__then, __result, [__resolveResult, __rejectResult])
+      } catch (error) {
+        __rejectResult(error)
+      }
+      return __promise
+    }
+    __finishDestroyInvocation()
+    __finishModuleLifecycleDestroy()
+    __disposed = true
+    __unregisterCleanup?.()
+  }
+  const __destroyForModuleLifecycle = () => __destroy(true)
+  const __registerCleanup = (
+    __beforeExitDestroy = __destroyForModuleLifecycle,
+  ) => {
+    if (__cleanupRegistered || __disposed) {
+      return
+    }
+    __unregisterCleanup = __registerManagedEmnapiContext(
+      __process,
+      __beforeExitDestroy,
+    )
+    __cleanupRegistered = true
+    __registerManagedBeforeExitListener()
+  }
+  if (__contextInitializationFailed) {
+    let __registrationError
+    let __registrationFailed = false
+    try {
+      __registerCleanup()
+    } catch (error) {
+      __attachCleanupError(__contextInitializationError, error)
+      __registrationError = error
+      __registrationFailed = true
+    }
+    try {
+      await __destroyForModuleLifecycle()
+    } catch (error) {
+      __attachCleanupError(
+        __registrationFailed
+          ? __registrationError
+          : __contextInitializationError,
+        error,
+      )
+      try {
+        __registerManagedBeforeExitListener()
+      } catch {}
+    }
+    throw __contextInitializationError
+  }
+  return {
+    context: __emnapiContext,
+    destroy: __destroy,
+    destroyForModuleLifecycle: __destroyForModuleLifecycle,
+    registerCleanup: __registerCleanup,
+  }
+}
+
+async function __createInstance(
+  __wasmInput,
+  __beforeExitDestroy,
+  __onManagedDestroyer,
+) {
+  const __module = await __resolveModule(__wasmInput)
+  const __emnapiModule = await __normalizeModuleForEmnapi(__module)
+  const __wasi = new __WASI({
+    version: 'preview1',
+  })
+  // The wasm module is linked with \`--import-memory\`, so a Memory must be
+  // provided. It is allocated here in function scope (workerd bans global
+  // scope allocation) and is not shared (no threads, no SharedArrayBuffer).
+  // Allocate it before the emnapi context so a host memory-limit failure cannot
+  // leak a context that never reaches instantiation.
+  const __wasmMemory = new WebAssembly.Memory({
+    initial: ${initialMemory},
+    maximum: ${maximumMemory},
+  })
+  let __lifecycleState = 'pending'
+  let __destroyEmnapiContext
+  let __destroyOwnedContext
+  let __destroyManagedOwnedContext
+  let __napiInstance
+  const __destroyBeforeExit = __beforeExitDestroy
+    ? async () => {
+        if (__lifecycleState === 'failed') {
+          await __destroyManagedOwnedContext()
+          return
+        }
+        __lifecycleState = 'disposal'
+        try {
+          await __beforeExitDestroy()
+        } catch (error) {
+          if (__lifecycleState !== 'failed') {
+            throw error
+          }
+          // The singleton's initialization rejection is already observable
+          // through instantiate() and dispose(). Managed beforeExit cleanup
+          // owns only context destruction, including retrying a failed rollback.
+          await __destroyManagedOwnedContext()
+        }
+      }
+    : undefined
+  const {
+    context: __emnapiContext,
+    destroy,
+    destroyForModuleLifecycle,
+    registerCleanup: __registerCleanup,
+  } = await __createManagedEmnapiContext(() => {
+    const __prepareWasmEnvCleanup =
+      __napiInstance?.exports.napi_prepare_wasm_env_cleanup
+    if (typeof __prepareWasmEnvCleanup === 'function') {
+      __prepareWasmEnvCleanup()
+    }
+  })
+  __destroyEmnapiContext = destroy
+  __destroyOwnedContext = () => __destroyEmnapiContext()
+  __destroyManagedOwnedContext = destroyForModuleLifecycle
+  try {
+    if (__destroyBeforeExit) {
+      __onManagedDestroyer(__destroyBeforeExit)
+      await __registerCleanup(__destroyBeforeExit)
+    }
+${emnapiInjectBuffer}\
+    let __napiModule
+    ;({
+      instance: __napiInstance,
+      napiModule: __napiModule,
+    } = await __emnapiInstantiateNapiModule(__emnapiModule, {
+      context: __emnapiContext,
+      asyncWorkPoolSize: 0,
+      plugins: [__emnapiAsyncWorkPlugin, __emnapiTSFNPlugin],
+      wasi: __wasi,
+      overwriteImports(importObject) {
+        importObject.env = {
+          ...importObject.env,
+          ...importObject.napi,
+          ...importObject.emnapi,
+          memory: __wasmMemory,
+        }
+        return importObject
+      },
+      beforeInit({ instance }) {
+        __napiInstance = instance
+        for (const name of Object.keys(instance.exports)) {
+          if (name.startsWith('__napi_register__')) {
+            instance.exports[name]()
+          }
+        }
+      },
+    }))
+    if (__lifecycleState === 'pending') {
+      __lifecycleState = 'succeeded'
+    }
+    return {
+      exports: __napiModule.exports,
+      async dispose() {
+        if (__lifecycleState !== 'failed') {
+          __lifecycleState = 'disposal'
+        }
+        return __beforeExitDestroy
+          ? __destroyManagedOwnedContext()
+          : __destroyOwnedContext()
+      },
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    __lifecycleState = 'failed'
+    let __registrationError
+    let __registrationFailed = false
+    if (!__beforeExitDestroy) {
+      try {
+        // Independent instances are caller-owned while pending and after
+        // success. Register only failed rollback so cleanup remains retryable.
+        await __registerCleanup()
+      } catch (registrationError) {
+        __attachCleanupError(error, registrationError)
+        __registrationError = registrationError
+        __registrationFailed = true
+      }
+    }
+    try {
+      await __destroyManagedOwnedContext()
+    } catch (disposeError) {
+      // Initialization is the primary failure. Preserve it even if cleanup
+      // also fails, while retaining the cleanup error when the value is
+      // extensible and has no existing cause.
+      __attachCleanupError(
+        __registrationFailed ? __registrationError : error,
+        disposeError,
+      )
+      try {
+        __registerManagedBeforeExitListener()
+      } catch {}
+    }
+    throw error
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create an independent instance. Call dispose() when the instance is no
+ * longer needed so emnapi cleanup hooks run deterministically.
+ */
+export async function createInstance(__wasmInput) {
+  return __createInstance(__wasmInput)
+}
+
+let __defaultModulePromise
+let __defaultInstancePromise
+let __defaultDisposePromise
+let __defaultDisposalStarted = false
+const __defaultManagedDestroyers = new WeakMap()
+let __moduleDisposePromise
+
+/**
+ * Instantiate a module-local singleton. Concurrent and repeated calls
+ * with the same module share one instance and one Memory allocation.
+ */
+export function instantiate(__wasmInput) {
+  const __modulePromise = __resolveModule(__wasmInput)
+  if (__moduleLifecycleDestroyDepth !== 0) {
+    void __modulePromise.catch(() => {})
+    return Promise.reject(__createLifecycleReentryError('instantiate'))
+  }
+  if (__moduleDisposePromise) {
+    void __modulePromise.catch(() => {})
+    return __moduleDisposePromise.then(() => instantiate(__modulePromise))
+  }
+  if (__defaultDisposalStarted) {
+    // Observe rejected input immediately, but preserve lifecycle ordering and
+    // error precedence by instantiating only after disposal succeeds. A failed
+    // disposal retains the old instance only so its cleanup can be retried.
+    void __modulePromise.catch(() => {})
+    const __disposePromise = __defaultDisposePromise ?? dispose()
+    return __disposePromise.then(() => instantiate(__modulePromise))
+  }
+  if (!__defaultInstancePromise) {
+    __defaultModulePromise = __modulePromise
+    const __instancePromise = __modulePromise.then((__module) =>
+      __createInstance(
+        __module,
+        __disposeDefaultInstance,
+        (__managedDestroyer) => {
+          __defaultManagedDestroyers.set(
+            __instancePromise,
+            __managedDestroyer,
+          )
+        },
+      ),
+    )
+    __defaultInstancePromise = __instancePromise
+    void __instancePromise.catch(() => {
+      if (__defaultInstancePromise === __instancePromise) {
+        __defaultInstancePromise = undefined
+        __defaultModulePromise = undefined
+      }
+    })
+    return __instancePromise.then((__instance) => __instance.exports)
+  }
+  const __defaultModulePromiseForCall = __defaultModulePromise
+  const __defaultInstancePromiseForCall = __defaultInstancePromise
+  return Promise.all([__defaultModulePromiseForCall, __modulePromise]).then(
+    async ([__defaultModule, __module]) => {
+      if (__defaultModule !== __module) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'instantiate() already owns a different WebAssembly.Module; call dispose() first or use createInstance() for independent instances.',
+        )
+      }
+      return (await __defaultInstancePromiseForCall).exports
+    },
+  )
+}
+
+async function __disposeDefaultInstance(__onDestroy) {
+  if (__defaultDisposePromise) {
+    return __defaultDisposePromise
+  }
+  const __instancePromise = __defaultInstancePromise
+  if (!__instancePromise) {
+    __defaultDisposalStarted = false
+    return
+  }
+  __defaultDisposalStarted = true
+  const __disposePromise = (async () => {
+    let __instance
+    try {
+      __instance = await __instancePromise
+    } catch (error) {
+      const __managedDestroyer =
+        __defaultManagedDestroyers.get(__instancePromise)
+      if (__managedDestroyer) {
+        __onDestroy?.(__managedDestroyer)
+      }
+      __defaultManagedDestroyers.delete(__instancePromise)
+      throw error
+    }
+    const __managedDestroyer =
+      __defaultManagedDestroyers.get(__instancePromise)
+    if (__managedDestroyer) {
+      __onDestroy?.(__managedDestroyer)
+    }
+    await __instance.dispose()
+    if (__defaultInstancePromise === __instancePromise) {
+      __defaultInstancePromise = undefined
+      __defaultModulePromise = undefined
+      __defaultDisposalStarted = false
+    }
+    __defaultManagedDestroyers.delete(__instancePromise)
+  })()
+  __defaultDisposePromise = __disposePromise
+  try {
+    await __disposePromise
+  } finally {
+    if (__defaultDisposePromise === __disposePromise) {
+      __defaultDisposePromise = undefined
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async function __dispose() {
+  let __defaultDisposeError
+  let __defaultDisposeFailed = false
+  let __attemptedDefaultDestroyer
+  try {
+    await __disposeDefaultInstance((__destroyer) => {
+      __attemptedDefaultDestroyer = __destroyer
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    __defaultDisposeError = error
+    __defaultDisposeFailed = true
+  }
+  const __excludedDestroyers = new Set()
+  if (__defaultDisposeFailed && __attemptedDefaultDestroyer) {
+    __excludedDestroyers.add(__attemptedDefaultDestroyer)
+  }
+  try {
+    await __drainManagedEmnapiContexts(__excludedDestroyers)
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (!__defaultDisposeFailed) {
+      throw error
+    }
+    if (error !== __defaultDisposeError) {
+      __attachCleanupError(__defaultDisposeError, error)
+    }
+  }
+  if (__defaultDisposeFailed) {
+    throw __defaultDisposeError
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Dispose the singleton created by instantiate(). A later call may create a
+ * fresh instance, including from a different module. This also retries cleanup
+ * retained after a failed initialization rollback.
+ */
+export function dispose() {
+  if (__moduleLifecycleDestroyDepth !== 0) {
+    return Promise.reject(__createLifecycleReentryError('dispose'))
+  }
+  if (__moduleDisposePromise) {
+    return __moduleDisposePromise
+  }
+  let __resolveDispose
+  let __rejectDispose
+  const __promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    __resolveDispose = resolve
+    __rejectDispose = reject
+  })
+  __moduleDisposePromise = __promise
+  void __dispose().then(__resolveDispose, __rejectDispose)
+  void __promise.then(
+    () => {
+      if (__moduleDisposePromise === __promise) {
+        __moduleDisposePromise = undefined
+      }
+    },
+    () => {
+      if (__moduleDisposePromise === __promise) {
+        __moduleDisposePromise = undefined
+      }
+    },
+  )
+  return __promise
+}
 `
 }
 
+export const createWasiDeferredBrowserBindingTypeDef = (
+  packageName: string,
+) => `export type WasiBinding = typeof import('${packageName}')
+
+export type WasiModuleInput =
+  | WebAssembly.Module
+  | PromiseLike<WebAssembly.Module>
+
+export interface WasiInstance {
+  readonly exports: WasiBinding
+  dispose(): Promise<void>
+}
+
+export function instantiate(wasmInput: WasiModuleInput): Promise<WasiBinding>
+export function createInstance(wasmInput: WasiModuleInput): Promise<WasiInstance>
+/** Dispose the singleton and retry retained failed-initialization cleanup. */
+export function dispose(): Promise<void>
+`
+
 export const createWasiBinding = (
   wasmFileName: string,
   packageName: string,
   initialMemory = 4000,
   maximumMemory = 65536,
-) => `/* eslint-disable */
+  threads = true,
+  // `platformArchABI` of the flavor this loader belongs to; the fallback
+  // package (`<packageName>-<platformArchABI>`) must ship the same flavor's
+  // wasm artifact.
+  platformArchABI = 'wasm32-wasi',
+  packageWasmFileName = wasmFileName,
+) => {
+  const workerImports = threads
+    ? `const { Worker } = require('node:worker_threads')
+`
+    : ''
+  const workerExecArgv = threads
+    ? `
+function __getWasiWorkerExecArgv() {
+  const __workerExecArgv = []
+  for (let __index = 0; __index < process.execArgv.length; __index += 1) {
+    const __arg = process.execArgv[__index]
+    if (
+      __arg === '--input-type' ||
+      __arg === '--eval' ||
+      __arg === '-e' ||
+      __arg === '--print' ||
+      __arg === '-p'
+    ) {
+      __index += 1
+      continue
+    }
+    if (
+      __arg.startsWith('--input-type=') ||
+      __arg.startsWith('--eval=') ||
+      __arg.startsWith('--print=')
+    ) {
+      continue
+    }
+    __workerExecArgv.push(__arg)
+  }
+  return __workerExecArgv
+}
+
+function __isInvalidWasiWorkerExecArgv(errorMessage, argument) {
+  const __equalsIndex = argument.indexOf('=')
+  const __argumentName =
+    __equalsIndex === -1 ? argument : argument.slice(0, __equalsIndex)
+  return (
+    errorMessage.includes(': ' + __argumentName + ',') ||
+    errorMessage.includes(': ' + __argumentName + '=') ||
+    errorMessage.endsWith(': ' + __argumentName) ||
+    errorMessage.includes(', ' + __argumentName + ',') ||
+    errorMessage.includes(', ' + __argumentName + '=') ||
+    errorMessage.endsWith(', ' + __argumentName)
+  )
+}
+
+function __removeInvalidWasiWorkerExecArgv(execArgv, error) {
+  if (typeof error.message !== 'string') {
+    return
+  }
+  const __workerExecArgv = []
+  let __removed = false
+  for (let __index = 0; __index < execArgv.length; __index += 1) {
+    const __arg = execArgv[__index]
+    if (
+      __arg.startsWith('-') &&
+      __isInvalidWasiWorkerExecArgv(error.message, __arg)
+    ) {
+      __removed = true
+      if (
+        !__arg.includes('=') &&
+        __index + 1 < execArgv.length &&
+        !execArgv[__index + 1].startsWith('-')
+      ) {
+        __index += 1
+      }
+      continue
+    }
+    __workerExecArgv.push(__arg)
+  }
+  return __removed ? __workerExecArgv : undefined
+}
+
+function __createWasiWorker(filename) {
+  let __workerExecArgv = __getWasiWorkerExecArgv()
+  while (true) {
+    try {
+      return new Worker(filename, {
+        env: process.env,
+        execArgv: __workerExecArgv,
+      })
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (!error || error.code !== 'ERR_WORKER_INVALID_EXEC_ARGV') {
+        throw error
+      }
+      const __nextWorkerExecArgv =
+        __removeInvalidWasiWorkerExecArgv(__workerExecArgv, error)
+      if (!__nextWorkerExecArgv) {
+        throw error
+      }
+      __workerExecArgv = __nextWorkerExecArgv
+    }
+  }
+}
+`
+    : ''
+  const workerRuntimeImport = threads
+    ? `  createOnMessage: __wasmCreateOnMessageForFsProxy,\n`
+    : ''
+  const memoryName = threads ? '__sharedMemory' : '__wasmMemory'
+  const asyncWorkOptions = threads
+    ? `    asyncWorkPoolSize: (function() {
+      const threadsSizeFromEnv = Number(process.env.NAPI_RS_ASYNC_WORK_POOL_SIZE ?? process.env.UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE)
+      // NaN > 0 is false
+      if (threadsSizeFromEnv > 0) {
+        return threadsSizeFromEnv
+      } else {
+        return 4
+      }
+    })(),
+    reuseWorker: true,
+    plugins: [__emnapiAsyncWorkPlugin, __emnapiTSFNPlugin],
+`
+    : `    asyncWorkPoolSize: 0,
+    plugins: [__emnapiAsyncWorkPlugin, __emnapiTSFNPlugin],
+`
+  // Every build links a "basic" emnapi archive without the C async-work and
+  // threadsafe-function implementations (the `emnapi-napi-rs(-mt)` archives shipped by the emnapi package), so the
+  // JavaScript implementations must be provided through the emnapi plugins in
+  // both threading modes. Without threads the C code would be unconditional
+  // `napi_generic_failure` stubs; with threads it would shadow the
+  // `@emnapi/core` threaded TSFN/async-work protocol the plugins implement.
+  const emnapiPluginRequire = `  emnapiAsyncWorkPlugin: __emnapiAsyncWorkPlugin,\n  emnapiTSFNPlugin: __emnapiTSFNPlugin,\n`
+  const workerOption = threads
+    ? `    onCreateWorker() {
+      const worker = __createWasiWorker(__nodePath.join(__dirname, 'wasi-worker.mjs'))
+      __wasiWorkers.add(worker)
+      worker.onmessage = ({ data }) => {
+        __wasmCreateOnMessageForFsProxy(__nodeFs)(data)
+      }
+
+      // The main thread of Node.js waits for all the active handles before exiting.
+      // But Rust threads are never waited without \`thread::join\`.
+      // So here we hack the code of Node.js to prevent the workers from being referenced (active).
+      // According to https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/19e0d472728c79d418b74bddff588bea70a403d0/lib/internal/worker.js#L415,
+      // a worker is consist of two handles: kPublicPort and kHandle.
+      {
+        const kPublicPort = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(worker).find(s =>
+          s.toString().includes("kPublicPort")
+        );
+        if (kPublicPort) {
+          worker[kPublicPort].ref = () => {};
+        }
+
+        const kHandle = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(worker).find(s =>
+          s.toString().includes("kHandle")
+        );
+        if (kHandle) {
+          worker[kHandle].ref = () => {};
+        }
+
+        worker.unref();
+      }
+      return worker
+    },
+`
+    : ''
+
+  return `/* eslint-disable */
 /* prettier-ignore */
 
 /* auto-generated by NAPI-RS */
@@ -123,13 +1495,15 @@ export const createWasiBinding = (
 const __nodeFs = require('node:fs')
 const __nodePath = require('node:path')
 const { WASI: __nodeWASI } = require('node:wasi')
-const { Worker } = require('node:worker_threads')
+${workerImports}\
 
 const {
-  createOnMessage: __wasmCreateOnMessageForFsProxy,
-  getDefaultContext: __emnapiGetDefaultContext,
+${emnapiPluginRequire}\
+${workerRuntimeImport}\
   instantiateNapiModuleSync: __emnapiInstantiateNapiModuleSync,
 } = require('@napi-rs/wasm-runtime')
+const { createContext: __emnapiCreateContext } = require('@emnapi/runtime')
+${workerExecArgv}\
 
 const __rootDir = __nodePath.parse(process.cwd()).root
 
@@ -141,12 +1515,10 @@ const __wasi = new __nodeWASI({
   }
 })
 
-const __emnapiContext = __emnapiGetDefaultContext()
-
-const __sharedMemory = new WebAssembly.Memory({
+const ${memoryName} = new WebAssembly.Memory({
   initial: ${initialMemory},
   maximum: ${maximumMemory},
-  shared: true,
+${threads ? '  shared: true,\n' : ''}\
 })
 
 let __wasmFilePath = __nodePath.join(__dirname, '${wasmFileName}.wasm')
@@ -155,73 +1527,231 @@ const __wasmDebugFilePath = __nodePath.join(__dirname, '${wasmFileName}.debug.wa
 if (__nodeFs.existsSync(__wasmDebugFilePath)) {
   __wasmFilePath = __wasmDebugFilePath
 } else if (!__nodeFs.existsSync(__wasmFilePath)) {
-  try {
-    __wasmFilePath = require.resolve('${packageName}-wasm32-wasi/${wasmFileName}.wasm')
-  } catch {
-    throw new Error('Cannot find ${wasmFileName}.wasm file, and ${packageName}-wasm32-wasi package is not installed.')
+  const __wasiPackageEntry = require.resolve('${packageName}-${platformArchABI}')
+  const __packagedWasmFilePath = __nodePath.join(
+    __nodePath.dirname(__wasiPackageEntry),
+    '${packageWasmFileName}.wasm',
+  )
+  if (!__nodeFs.existsSync(__packagedWasmFilePath)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      '${packageName}-${platformArchABI} is installed but is missing ${packageWasmFileName}.wasm.',
+    )
   }
+  __wasmFilePath = __packagedWasmFilePath
 }
 
-const { instance: __napiInstance, module: __wasiModule, napiModule: __napiModule } = __emnapiInstantiateNapiModuleSync(__nodeFs.readFileSync(__wasmFilePath), {
-  context: __emnapiContext,
-  asyncWorkPoolSize: (function() {
-    const threadsSizeFromEnv = Number(process.env.NAPI_RS_ASYNC_WORK_POOL_SIZE ?? process.env.UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE)
-    // NaN > 0 is false
-    if (threadsSizeFromEnv > 0) {
-      return threadsSizeFromEnv
-    } else {
-      return 4
-    }
-  })(),
-  reuseWorker: true,
-  wasi: __wasi,
-  onCreateWorker() {
-    const worker = new Worker(__nodePath.join(__dirname, 'wasi-worker.mjs'), {
-      env: process.env,
-    })
-    worker.onmessage = ({ data }) => {
-      __wasmCreateOnMessageForFsProxy(__nodeFs)(data)
+const __wasmFile = __nodeFs.readFileSync(__wasmFilePath)
+let __emnapiContext
+${emnapiContextLifecycle}
+const __wasiRollbackRegistrySymbol = Symbol.for('${WASI_ROLLBACK_REGISTRY_SYMBOL}')
+const __wasiRollbackRegistryKey =
+  typeof __filename === 'string' ? __filename : __wasmFilePath
+
+function __getWasiRollbackRegistry() {
+  const existing = process[__wasiRollbackRegistrySymbol]
+  if (existing !== undefined) {
+    if (!(existing instanceof Map)) {
+      throw new TypeError(
+        'The process-wide NAPI-RS WASI rollback registry is invalid',
+      )
     }
+    return existing
+  }
+  const registry = new Map()
+  Object.defineProperty(process, __wasiRollbackRegistrySymbol, {
+    configurable: false,
+    enumerable: false,
+    value: registry,
+    writable: false,
+  })
+  return registry
+}
 
-    // The main thread of Node.js waits for all the active handles before exiting.
-    // But Rust threads are never waited without \`thread::join\`.
-    // So here we hack the code of Node.js to prevent the workers from being referenced (active).
-    // According to https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/19e0d472728c79d418b74bddff588bea70a403d0/lib/internal/worker.js#L415,
-    // a worker is consist of two handles: kPublicPort and kHandle.
-    {
-      const kPublicPort = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(worker).find(s =>
-        s.toString().includes("kPublicPort")
-      );
-      if (kPublicPort) {
-        worker[kPublicPort].ref = () => {};
-      }
+const __wasiRollbackRegistry = __getWasiRollbackRegistry()
 
-      const kHandle = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(worker).find(s =>
-        s.toString().includes("kHandle")
-      );
-      if (kHandle) {
-        worker[kHandle].ref = () => {};
+function __completeWasiInitializationRollback(record, cleanupErrors) {
+  try {
+    if (cleanupErrors.length === 0) {
+      if (
+        __wasiRollbackRegistry.get(__wasiRollbackRegistryKey) === record
+      ) {
+        __wasiRollbackRegistry.delete(__wasiRollbackRegistryKey)
       }
+      return
+    }
+    record.error = __attachCleanupErrors(record.error, cleanupErrors)
+  } catch (cleanupError) {
+    try {
+      record.error = __createCleanupError(
+        [record.error, cleanupError],
+        'WASI binding initialization and cleanup failed',
+      )
+    } catch {}
+  } finally {
+    record.active = false
+    record.promise = undefined
+  }
+}
 
-      worker.unref();
+function __runWasiInitializationRollback(record) {
+  if (record.active) {
+    return
+  }
+  record.active = true
+
+  let rollbackResult
+  try {
+    rollbackResult = record.rollback()
+  } catch (cleanupError) {
+    __completeWasiInitializationRollback(record, [cleanupError])
+    return
+  }
+
+  if (!__isThenable(rollbackResult)) {
+    __completeWasiInitializationRollback(record, rollbackResult)
+    return
+  }
+
+  record.promise = Promise.resolve(rollbackResult).then(
+    (cleanupErrors) => {
+      __completeWasiInitializationRollback(record, cleanupErrors)
+    },
+    (cleanupError) => {
+      __completeWasiInitializationRollback(record, [cleanupError])
+    },
+  )
+}
+
+const __pendingWasiRollback = __wasiRollbackRegistry.get(
+  __wasiRollbackRegistryKey,
+)
+if (__pendingWasiRollback !== undefined) {
+  __runWasiInitializationRollback(__pendingWasiRollback)
+  throw __pendingWasiRollback.error
+}
+
+let __wasiModule
+let __napiModule
+let __wasiExitListenerRegistered = false
+
+function __removeWasiExitListener() {
+  if (
+    __wasiExitListenerRegistered &&
+    typeof process.removeListener === 'function'
+  ) {
+    process.removeListener('exit', __disposeWasiBindingAtExit)
+  }
+  __wasiExitListenerRegistered = false
+}
+
+function __disposeWasiBindingAtExit() {
+  __wasiExitListenerRegistered = false
+  try {
+    const result = __disposeWasiBinding()
+    if (__isThenable(result)) {
+      void Promise.resolve(result).catch(() => {})
     }
-    return worker
-  },
-  overwriteImports(importObject) {
-    importObject.env = {
-      ...importObject.env,
-      ...importObject.napi,
-      ...importObject.emnapi,
-      memory: __sharedMemory,
-    }
-    return importObject
-  },
-  beforeInit({ instance }) {
-    for (const name of Object.keys(instance.exports)) {
-      if (name.startsWith('__napi_register__')) {
-        instance.exports[name]()
-      }
+  } catch {}
+}
+
+function __registerWasiExitListener() {
+  if (
+    !__wasiExitListenerRegistered &&
+    typeof process.once === 'function'
+  ) {
+    process.once('exit', __disposeWasiBindingAtExit)
+    __wasiExitListenerRegistered = true
+  }
+}
+
+__completeWasiDisposal = __removeWasiExitListener
+
+function __captureEmnapiAutoDestroyListener() {
+  if (
+    typeof process.prependListener !== 'function' ||
+    typeof process.removeListener !== 'function'
+  ) {
+    return
+  }
+  let __autoDestroyListener
+  const __captureListener = (__event, __listener) => {
+    if (__event === 'beforeExit' && __autoDestroyListener === undefined) {
+      __autoDestroyListener = __listener
     }
-  },
-})
+  }
+  try {
+    // Run before existing newListener hooks so a hook that registers its own
+    // beforeExit listener cannot be mistaken for emnapi's registration.
+    process.prependListener('newListener', __captureListener)
+  } catch {
+    return
+  }
+  return () => {
+    try {
+      process.removeListener('newListener', __captureListener)
+    } catch {}
+    if (__autoDestroyListener !== undefined) {
+      try {
+        process.removeListener('beforeExit', __autoDestroyListener)
+      } catch {}
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+try {
+  const __finishAutoDestroyCapture = __captureEmnapiAutoDestroyListener()
+  try {
+    __emnapiContext = __emnapiCreateContext({ autoDestroy: false })
+    // emnapi 2.x still registers an unconditional once-listener for
+    // beforeExit that auto-destroys the context, and suppressDestroy() only
+    // neutralizes its callback without removing it. This loader owns cleanup
+    // through its 'exit' listener, so emnapi's listener is captured and
+    // removed; suppressDestroy() remains the safety net when removal fails.
+    __emnapiContext.suppressDestroy()
+  } finally {
+    // Remove only the exact emnapi callback captured above.
+    __finishAutoDestroyCapture?.()
+  }
+
+  ;({
+    instance: __napiInstance,
+    module: __wasiModule,
+    napiModule: __napiModule,
+  } = __emnapiInstantiateNapiModuleSync(__wasmFile, {
+    context: __emnapiContext,
+${asyncWorkOptions}\
+    wasi: __wasi,
+${workerOption}\
+    overwriteImports(importObject) {
+      importObject.env = {
+        ...importObject.env,
+        ...importObject.napi,
+        ...importObject.emnapi,
+        memory: ${memoryName},
+      }
+      return importObject
+    },
+    beforeInit({ instance }) {
+      __napiInstance = instance
+      for (const name of Object.keys(instance.exports)) {
+        if (name.startsWith('__napi_register__')) {
+          instance.exports[name]()
+        }
+      }
+    },
+  }))
+  __publishWasiDispose(__napiModule.exports)
+  __registerWasiExitListener()
+} catch (error) {
+  const rollback = {
+    active: false,
+    error,
+    promise: undefined,
+    rollback: __rollbackWasiInitialization,
+  }
+  __wasiRollbackRegistry.set(__wasiRollbackRegistryKey, rollback)
+  __runWasiInitializationRollback(rollback)
+  throw rollback.error
+}
 `
+}