@namch/agent-assistant 1.0.0

package/skills/mobile-design/mobile-performance.md

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+# Mobile Performance Reference
+
+> Deep dive into React Native and Flutter performance optimization, 60fps animations, memory management, and battery considerations.
+> **This file covers the #1 area where AI-generated code FAILS.**
+
+---
+
+## 1. The Mobile Performance Mindset
+
+### Why Mobile Performance is Different
+
+```
+DESKTOP:                          MOBILE:
+├── Unlimited power               ├── Battery matters
+├── Abundant RAM                  ├── RAM is shared, limited
+├── Stable network                ├── Network is unreliable
+├── CPU always available          ├── CPU throttles when hot
+└── User expects fast anyway      └── User expects INSTANT
+```
+
+### Performance Budget Concept
+
+```
+Every frame must complete in:
+├── 60fps → 16.67ms per frame
+├── 120fps (ProMotion) → 8.33ms per frame
+
+If your code takes longer:
+├── Frame drops → Janky scroll/animation
+├── User perceives as "slow" or "broken"
+└── They WILL uninstall your app
+```
+
+---
+
+## 2. React Native Performance
+
+### 🚫 The #1 AI Mistake: ScrollView for Lists
+
+```javascript
+// ❌ NEVER DO THIS - AI's favorite mistake
+<ScrollView>
+  {items.map(item => (
+    <ItemComponent key={item.id} item={item} />
+  ))}
+</ScrollView>
+
+// Why it's catastrophic:
+// ├── Renders ALL items immediately (1000 items = 1000 renders)
+// ├── Memory explodes
+// ├── Initial render takes seconds
+// └── Scroll becomes janky
+
+// ✅ ALWAYS USE FlatList
+<FlatList
+  data={items}
+  renderItem={renderItem}
+  keyExtractor={item => item.id}
+/>
+```
+
+### FlatList Optimization Checklist
+
+```javascript
+// ✅ CORRECT: All optimizations applied
+
+// 1. Memoize the item component
+const ListItem = React.memo(({ item }: { item: Item }) => {
+  return (
+    <Pressable style={styles.item}>
+      <Text>{item.title}</Text>
+    </Pressable>
+  );
+});
+
+// 2. Memoize renderItem with useCallback
+const renderItem = useCallback(
+  ({ item }: { item: Item }) => <ListItem item={item} />,
+  [] // Empty deps = never recreated
+);
+
+// 3. Stable keyExtractor (NEVER use index!)
+const keyExtractor = useCallback((item: Item) => item.id, []);
+
+// 4. Provide getItemLayout for fixed-height items
+const getItemLayout = useCallback(
+  (data: Item[] | null, index: number) => ({
+    length: ITEM_HEIGHT, // Fixed height
+    offset: ITEM_HEIGHT * index,
+    index,
+  }),
+  []
+);
+
+// 5. Apply to FlatList
+<FlatList
+  data={items}
+  renderItem={renderItem}
+  keyExtractor={keyExtractor}
+  getItemLayout={getItemLayout}
+  // Performance props
+  removeClippedSubviews={true} // Android: detach off-screen
+  maxToRenderPerBatch={10} // Items per batch
+  windowSize={5} // Render window (5 = 2 screens each side)
+  initialNumToRender={10} // Initial items
+  updateCellsBatchingPeriod={50} // Batching delay
+/>
+```
+
+### Why Each Optimization Matters
+
+| Optimization | What It Prevents | Impact |
+|--------------|------------------|--------|
+| `React.memo` | Re-render on parent change | 🔴 Critical |
+| `useCallback renderItem` | New function every render | 🔴 Critical |
+| Stable `keyExtractor` | Wrong item recycling | 🔴 Critical |
+| `getItemLayout` | Async layout calculation | 🟡 High |
+| `removeClippedSubviews` | Memory from off-screen | 🟡 High |
+| `maxToRenderPerBatch` | Blocking main thread | 🟢 Medium |
+| `windowSize` | Memory usage | 🟢 Medium |
+
+### FlashList: The Better Option
+
+```javascript
+// Consider FlashList for better performance
+import { FlashList } from "@shopify/flash-list";
+
+<FlashList
+  data={items}
+  renderItem={renderItem}
+  estimatedItemSize={ITEM_HEIGHT}
+  keyExtractor={keyExtractor}
+/>
+
+// Benefits over FlatList:
+// ├── Faster recycling
+// ├── Better memory management
+// ├── Simpler API
+// └── Fewer optimization props needed
+```
+
+### Animation Performance
+
+```javascript
+// ❌ JS-driven animation (blocks JS thread)
+Animated.timing(value, {
+  toValue: 1,
+  duration: 300,
+  useNativeDriver: false, // BAD!
+}).start();
+
+// ✅ Native-driver animation (runs on UI thread)
+Animated.timing(value, {
+  toValue: 1,
+  duration: 300,
+  useNativeDriver: true, // GOOD!
+}).start();
+
+// Native driver supports ONLY:
+// ├── transform (translate, scale, rotate)
+// └── opacity
+// 
+// Does NOT support:
+// ├── width, height
+// ├── backgroundColor
+// ├── borderRadius changes
+// └── margin, padding
+```
+
+### Reanimated for Complex Animations
+
+```javascript
+// For animations native driver can't handle, use Reanimated 3
+
+import Animated, {
+  useSharedValue,
+  useAnimatedStyle,
+  withSpring,
+} from 'react-native-reanimated';
+
+const Component = () => {
+  const offset = useSharedValue(0);
+
+  const animatedStyles = useAnimatedStyle(() => ({
+    transform: [{ translateX: withSpring(offset.value) }],
+  }));
+
+  return <Animated.View style={animatedStyles} />;
+};
+
+// Benefits:
+// ├── Runs on UI thread (60fps guaranteed)
+// ├── Can animate any property
+// ├── Gesture-driven animations
+// └── Worklets for complex logic
+```
+
+### Memory Leak Prevention
+
+```javascript
+// ❌ Memory leak: uncleared interval
+useEffect(() => {
+  const interval = setInterval(() => {
+    fetchData();
+  }, 5000);
+  // Missing cleanup!
+}, []);
+
+// ✅ Proper cleanup
+useEffect(() => {
+  const interval = setInterval(() => {
+    fetchData();
+  }, 5000);
+  
+  return () => clearInterval(interval); // CLEANUP!
+}, []);
+
+// Common memory leak sources:
+// ├── Timers (setInterval, setTimeout)
+// ├── Event listeners
+// ├── Subscriptions (WebSocket, PubSub)
+// ├── Async operations that update state after unmount
+// └── Image caching without limits
+```
+
+### React Native Performance Checklist
+
+```markdown
+## Before Every List
+- [ ] Using FlatList or FlashList (NOT ScrollView)
+- [ ] renderItem is useCallback memoized
+- [ ] List items are React.memo wrapped
+- [ ] keyExtractor uses stable ID (NOT index)
+- [ ] getItemLayout provided (if fixed height)
+
+## Before Every Animation
+- [ ] useNativeDriver: true (if possible)
+- [ ] Using Reanimated for complex animations
+- [ ] Only animating transform/opacity
+- [ ] Tested on low-end Android device
+
+## Before Any Release
+- [ ] console.log statements removed
+- [ ] Cleanup functions in all useEffects
+- [ ] No memory leaks (test with profiler)
+- [ ] Tested in release build (not dev)
+```
+
+---
+
+## 3. Flutter Performance
+
+### 🚫 The #1 AI Mistake: setState Overuse
+
+```dart
+// ❌ WRONG: setState rebuilds ENTIRE widget tree
+class BadCounter extends StatefulWidget {
+  @override
+  State<BadCounter> createState() => _BadCounterState();
+}
+
+class _BadCounterState extends State<BadCounter> {
+  int _counter = 0;
+  
+  void _increment() {
+    setState(() {
+      _counter++; // This rebuilds EVERYTHING below!
+    });
+  }
+  
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    return Column(
+      children: [
+        Text('Counter: $_counter'),
+        ExpensiveWidget(), // Rebuilds unnecessarily!
+        AnotherExpensiveWidget(), // Rebuilds unnecessarily!
+      ],
+    );
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### The `const` Constructor Revolution
+
+```dart
+// ✅ CORRECT: const prevents rebuilds
+
+class GoodCounter extends StatefulWidget {
+  const GoodCounter({super.key}); // CONST constructor!
+  
+  @override
+  State<GoodCounter> createState() => _GoodCounterState();
+}
+
+class _GoodCounterState extends State<GoodCounter> {
+  int _counter = 0;
+  
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    return Column(
+      children: [
+        Text('Counter: $_counter'),
+        const ExpensiveWidget(), // Won't rebuild!
+        const AnotherExpensiveWidget(), // Won't rebuild!
+      ],
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+// RULE: Add `const` to EVERY widget that doesn't depend on state
+```
+
+### Targeted State Management
+
+```dart
+// ❌ setState rebuilds whole tree
+setState(() => _value = newValue);
+
+// ✅ ValueListenableBuilder: surgical rebuilds
+class TargetedState extends StatelessWidget {
+  final ValueNotifier<int> counter = ValueNotifier(0);
+  
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    return Column(
+      children: [
+        // Only this rebuilds when counter changes
+        ValueListenableBuilder<int>(
+          valueListenable: counter,
+          builder: (context, value, child) => Text('$value'),
+          child: const Icon(Icons.star), // Won't rebuild!
+        ),
+        const ExpensiveWidget(), // Never rebuilds
+      ],
+    );
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Riverpod/Provider Best Practices
+
+```dart
+// ❌ WRONG: Reading entire provider in build
+Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+  final state = ref.watch(myProvider); // Rebuilds on ANY change
+  return Text(state.name);
+}
+
+// ✅ CORRECT: Select only what you need
+Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+  final name = ref.watch(myProvider.select((s) => s.name));
+  return Text(name); // Only rebuilds when name changes
+}
+```
+
+### ListView Optimization
+
+```dart
+// ❌ WRONG: ListView without builder (renders all)
+ListView(
+  children: items.map((item) => ItemWidget(item)).toList(),
+)
+
+// ✅ CORRECT: ListView.builder (lazy rendering)
+ListView.builder(
+  itemCount: items.length,
+  itemBuilder: (context, index) => ItemWidget(items[index]),
+  // Additional optimizations:
+  itemExtent: 56, // Fixed height = faster layout
+  cacheExtent: 100, // Pre-render distance
+)
+
+// ✅ EVEN BETTER: ListView.separated for dividers
+ListView.separated(
+  itemCount: items.length,
+  itemBuilder: (context, index) => ItemWidget(items[index]),
+  separatorBuilder: (context, index) => const Divider(),
+)
+```
+
+### Image Optimization
+
+```dart
+// ❌ WRONG: No caching, full resolution
+Image.network(url)
+
+// ✅ CORRECT: Cached with proper sizing
+CachedNetworkImage(
+  imageUrl: url,
+  width: 100,
+  height: 100,
+  fit: BoxFit.cover,
+  memCacheWidth: 200, // Cache at 2x for retina
+  memCacheHeight: 200,
+  placeholder: (context, url) => const Skeleton(),
+  errorWidget: (context, url, error) => const Icon(Icons.error),
+)
+```
+
+### Dispose Pattern
+
+```dart
+class MyWidget extends StatefulWidget {
+  @override
+  State<MyWidget> createState() => _MyWidgetState();
+}
+
+class _MyWidgetState extends State<MyWidget> {
+  late final StreamSubscription _subscription;
+  late final AnimationController _controller;
+  late final TextEditingController _textController;
+  
+  @override
+  void initState() {
+    super.initState();
+    _subscription = stream.listen((_) {});
+    _controller = AnimationController(vsync: this);
+    _textController = TextEditingController();
+  }
+  
+  @override
+  void dispose() {
+    // ALWAYS dispose in reverse order of creation
+    _textController.dispose();
+    _controller.dispose();
+    _subscription.cancel();
+    super.dispose();
+  }
+  
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context) => Container();
+}
+```
+
+### Flutter Performance Checklist
+
+```markdown
+## Before Every Widget
+- [ ] const constructor added (if no runtime args)
+- [ ] const keywords on static children
+- [ ] Minimal setState scope
+- [ ] Using selectors for provider watches
+
+## Before Every List
+- [ ] Using ListView.builder (NOT ListView with children)
+- [ ] itemExtent provided (if fixed height)
+- [ ] Image caching with size limits
+
+## Before Any Animation
+- [ ] Using Impeller (Flutter 3.16+)
+- [ ] Avoiding Opacity widget (use FadeTransition)
+- [ ] TickerProviderStateMixin for AnimationController
+
+## Before Any Release
+- [ ] All dispose() methods implemented
+- [ ] No print() in production
+- [ ] Tested in profile/release mode
+- [ ] DevTools performance overlay checked
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4. Animation Performance (Both Platforms)
+
+### The 60fps Imperative
+
+```
+Human eye detects:
+├── < 24 fps → "Slideshow" (broken)
+├── 24-30 fps → "Choppy" (uncomfortable)
+├── 30-45 fps → "Noticeably not smooth"
+├── 45-60 fps → "Smooth" (acceptable)
+├── 60 fps → "Buttery" (target)
+└── 120 fps → "Premium" (ProMotion devices)
+
+NEVER ship < 60fps animations.
+```
+
+### GPU vs CPU Animation
+
+```
+GPU-ACCELERATED (FAST):          CPU-BOUND (SLOW):
+├── transform: translate          ├── width, height
+├── transform: scale              ├── top, left, right, bottom
+├── transform: rotate             ├── margin, padding
+├── opacity                       ├── border-radius (animated)
+└── (Composited, off main)        └── box-shadow (animated)
+
+RULE: Only animate transform and opacity.
+Everything else causes layout recalculation.
+```
+
+### Animation Timing Guide
+
+| Animation Type | Duration | Easing |
+|----------------|----------|--------|
+| Micro-interaction | 100-200ms | ease-out |
+| Standard transition | 200-300ms | ease-out |
+| Page transition | 300-400ms | ease-in-out |
+| Complex/dramatic | 400-600ms | ease-in-out |
+| Loading skeletons | 1000-1500ms | linear (loop) |
+
+### Spring Physics
+
+```javascript
+// React Native Reanimated
+withSpring(targetValue, {
+  damping: 15,      // How quickly it settles (higher = faster stop)
+  stiffness: 150,   // How "tight" the spring (higher = faster)
+  mass: 1,          // Weight of the object
+})
+
+// Flutter
+SpringSimulation(
+  SpringDescription(
+    mass: 1,
+    stiffness: 150,
+    damping: 15,
+  ),
+  start,
+  end,
+  velocity,
+)
+
+// Natural feel ranges:
+// Damping: 10-20 (bouncy to settled)
+// Stiffness: 100-200 (loose to tight)
+// Mass: 0.5-2 (light to heavy)
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5. Memory Management
+
+### Common Memory Leaks
+
+| Source | Platform | Solution |
+|--------|----------|----------|
+| Timers | Both | Clear in cleanup/dispose |
+| Event listeners | Both | Remove in cleanup/dispose |
+| Subscriptions | Both | Cancel in cleanup/dispose |
+| Large images | Both | Limit cache, resize |
+| Async after unmount | RN | isMounted check or AbortController |
+| Animation controllers | Flutter | Dispose controllers |
+
+### Image Memory
+
+```
+Image memory = width × height × 4 bytes (RGBA)
+
+1080p image = 1920 × 1080 × 4 = 8.3 MB
+4K image = 3840 × 2160 × 4 = 33.2 MB
+
+10 4K images = 332 MB → App crash!
+
+RULE: Always resize images to display size (or 2-3x for retina).
+```
+
+### Memory Profiling
+
+```
+React Native:
+├── Flipper → Memory tab
+├── Xcode Instruments (iOS)
+└── Android Studio Profiler
+
+Flutter:
+├── DevTools → Memory tab
+├── Observatory
+└── flutter run --profile
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6. Battery Optimization
+
+### Battery Drain Sources
+
+| Source | Impact | Mitigation |
+|--------|--------|------------|
+| **Screen on** | 🔴 Highest | Dark mode on OLED |
+| **GPS continuous** | 🔴 Very high | Use significant change |
+| **Network requests** | 🟡 High | Batch, cache aggressively |
+| **Animations** | 🟡 Medium | Reduce when low battery |
+| **Background work** | 🟡 Medium | Defer non-critical |
+| **CPU computation** | 🟢 Lower | Offload to backend |
+
+### OLED Battery Saving
+
+```
+OLED screens: Black pixels = OFF = 0 power
+
+Dark mode savings:
+├── True black (#000000) → Maximum savings
+├── Dark gray (#1a1a1a) → Slight savings
+├── Any color → Some power
+└── White (#FFFFFF) → Maximum power
+
+RULE: On dark mode, use true black for backgrounds.
+```
+
+### Background Task Guidelines
+
+```
+iOS:
+├── Background refresh: Limited, system-scheduled
+├── Push notifications: Use for important updates
+├── Background modes: Location, audio, VoIP only
+└── Background tasks: Max ~30 seconds
+
+Android:
+├── WorkManager: System-scheduled, battery-aware
+├── Foreground service: Visible to user, continuous
+├── JobScheduler: Batch network operations
+└── Doze mode: Respect it, batch operations
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7. Network Performance
+
+### Offline-First Architecture
+
+```
+                    ┌──────────────┐
+                    │     UI       │
+                    └──────┬───────┘
+                           │
+                    ┌──────▼───────┐
+                    │   Cache      │ ← Read from cache FIRST
+                    └──────┬───────┘
+                           │
+                    ┌──────▼───────┐
+                    │   Network    │ ← Update cache from network
+                    └──────────────┘
+
+Benefits:
+├── Instant UI (no loading spinner for cached data)
+├── Works offline
+├── Reduces data usage
+└── Better UX on slow networks
+```
+
+### Request Optimization
+
+```
+BATCH: Combine multiple requests into one
+├── 10 small requests → 1 batch request
+├── Reduces connection overhead
+└── Better for battery (radio on once)
+
+CACHE: Don't re-fetch unchanged data
+├── ETag/If-None-Match headers
+├── Cache-Control headers
+└── Stale-while-revalidate pattern
+
+COMPRESS: Reduce payload size
+├── gzip/brotli compression
+├── Request only needed fields (GraphQL)
+└── Paginate large lists
+```
+
+---
+
+## 8. Performance Testing
+
+### What to Test
+
+| Metric | Target | Tool |
+|--------|--------|------|
+| **Frame rate** | ≥ 60fps | Performance overlay |
+| **Memory** | Stable, no growth | Profiler |
+| **Cold start** | < 2s | Manual timing |
+| **TTI (Time to Interactive)** | < 3s | Lighthouse |
+| **List scroll** | No jank | Manual feel |
+| **Animation smoothness** | No drops | Performance monitor |
+
+### Test on Real Devices
+
+```
+⚠️ NEVER trust only:
+├── Simulator/emulator (faster than real)
+├── Dev mode (slower than release)
+├── High-end devices only
+
+✅ ALWAYS test on:
+├── Low-end Android (< $200 phone)
+├── Older iOS device (iPhone 8 or SE)
+├── Release/profile build
+└── With real data (not 10 items)
+```
+
+### Performance Monitoring Checklist
+
+```markdown
+## During Development
+- [ ] Performance overlay enabled
+- [ ] Watching for dropped frames
+- [ ] Memory usage stable
+- [ ] No console warnings about performance
+
+## Before Release
+- [ ] Tested on low-end device
+- [ ] Profiled memory over extended use
+- [ ] Cold start time measured
+- [ ] List scroll tested with 1000+ items
+- [ ] Animations tested at 60fps
+- [ ] Network tested on slow 3G
+```
+
+---
+
+## 9. Quick Reference Card
+
+### React Native Essentials
+
+```javascript
+// List: Always use
+<FlatList
+  data={data}
+  renderItem={useCallback(({item}) => <MemoItem item={item} />, [])}
+  keyExtractor={useCallback(item => item.id, [])}
+  getItemLayout={useCallback((_, i) => ({length: H, offset: H*i, index: i}), [])}
+/>
+
+// Animation: Always native
+useNativeDriver: true
+
+// Cleanup: Always present
+useEffect(() => {
+  return () => cleanup();
+}, []);
+```
+
+### Flutter Essentials
+
+```dart
+// Widgets: Always const
+const MyWidget()
+
+// Lists: Always builder
+ListView.builder(itemBuilder: ...)
+
+// State: Always targeted
+ValueListenableBuilder() or ref.watch(provider.select(...))
+
+// Dispose: Always cleanup
+@override
+void dispose() {
+  controller.dispose();
+  super.dispose();
+}
+```
+
+### Animation Targets
+
+```
+Transform/Opacity only ← What to animate
+16.67ms per frame ← Time budget
+60fps minimum ← Target
+Low-end Android ← Test device
+```
+
+---
+
+> **Remember:** Performance is not optimization—it's baseline quality. A slow app is a broken app. Test on the worst device your users have, not the best device you have.