@mytechtoday/augment-extensions 0.1.2 → 0.4.0

package/augment-extensions/domain-rules/wordpress-plugin/rules/frontend-functionality.md

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+# Frontend Functionality
+
+## Overview
+
+This guide covers WordPress plugin frontend features: custom post types, custom taxonomies, shortcodes, and widgets. These are the primary ways plugins extend WordPress content and display functionality.
+
+---
+
+## Custom Post Types
+
+### Basic Registration
+
+```php
+<?php
+/**
+ * Register custom post type
+ */
+function my_plugin_register_post_type() {
+    $labels = array(
+        'name'                  => __( 'Books', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'singular_name'         => __( 'Book', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'add_new'               => __( 'Add New', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'add_new_item'          => __( 'Add New Book', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'edit_item'             => __( 'Edit Book', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'new_item'              => __( 'New Book', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'view_item'             => __( 'View Book', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'view_items'            => __( 'View Books', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'search_items'          => __( 'Search Books', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'not_found'             => __( 'No books found', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'not_found_in_trash'    => __( 'No books found in Trash', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'all_items'             => __( 'All Books', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'archives'              => __( 'Book Archives', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'attributes'            => __( 'Book Attributes', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'insert_into_item'      => __( 'Insert into book', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'uploaded_to_this_item' => __( 'Uploaded to this book', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'menu_name'             => __( 'Books', 'my-plugin' ),
+    );
+    
+    $args = array(
+        'labels'              => $labels,
+        'public'              => true,
+        'publicly_queryable'  => true,
+        'show_ui'             => true,
+        'show_in_menu'        => true,
+        'show_in_nav_menus'   => true,
+        'show_in_admin_bar'   => true,
+        'query_var'           => true,
+        'rewrite'             => array( 'slug' => 'book', 'with_front' => false ),
+        'capability_type'     => 'post',
+        'has_archive'         => true,
+        'hierarchical'        => false,
+        'menu_position'       => 20,
+        'menu_icon'           => 'dashicons-book',
+        'supports'            => array( 'title', 'editor', 'thumbnail', 'excerpt', 'custom-fields' ),
+        'show_in_rest'        => true, // Enable Gutenberg + REST API
+        'rest_base'           => 'books',
+        'rest_controller_class' => 'WP_REST_Posts_Controller',
+    );
+    
+    register_post_type( 'book', $args );
+}
+add_action( 'init', 'my_plugin_register_post_type' );
+```
+
+### Advanced Post Type with Custom Capabilities
+
+```php
+<?php
+/**
+ * Register post type with custom capabilities
+ */
+function my_plugin_register_advanced_post_type() {
+    $args = array(
+        'labels'              => array( /* labels array */ ),
+        'public'              => true,
+        'capability_type'     => array( 'book', 'books' ),
+        'map_meta_cap'        => true,
+        'supports'            => array( 'title', 'editor', 'thumbnail', 'revisions' ),
+        'show_in_rest'        => true,
+        'taxonomies'          => array( 'category', 'post_tag' ), // Support default taxonomies
+        'has_archive'         => 'books-archive',
+        'rewrite'             => array(
+            'slug'       => 'library/%book_category%',
+            'with_front' => false,
+            'feeds'      => true,
+            'pages'      => true,
+        ),
+    );
+    
+    register_post_type( 'book', $args );
+}
+add_action( 'init', 'my_plugin_register_advanced_post_type' );
+```
+
+---
+
+## Custom Taxonomies
+
+### Hierarchical Taxonomy (Like Categories)
+
+```php
+<?php
+/**
+ * Register hierarchical taxonomy
+ */
+function my_plugin_register_taxonomy() {
+    $labels = array(
+        'name'              => __( 'Genres', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'singular_name'     => __( 'Genre', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'search_items'      => __( 'Search Genres', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'all_items'         => __( 'All Genres', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'parent_item'       => __( 'Parent Genre', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent Genre:', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'edit_item'         => __( 'Edit Genre', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'update_item'       => __( 'Update Genre', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'add_new_item'      => __( 'Add New Genre', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'new_item_name'     => __( 'New Genre Name', 'my-plugin' ),
+        'menu_name'         => __( 'Genres', 'my-plugin' ),
+    );
+    
+    $args = array(
+        'labels'            => $labels,
+        'hierarchical'      => true,
+        'public'            => true,
+        'show_ui'           => true,
+        'show_admin_column' => true,
+        'show_in_nav_menus' => true,
+        'show_tagcloud'     => true,
+        'query_var'         => true,
+        'rewrite'           => array( 'slug' => 'genre', 'with_front' => false ),
+        'show_in_rest'      => true,
+        'rest_base'         => 'genres',
+        'rest_controller_class' => 'WP_REST_Terms_Controller',
+    );
+    
+    register_taxonomy( 'genre', array( 'book' ), $args );
+}
+add_action( 'init', 'my_plugin_register_taxonomy' );
+```
+
+### Non-Hierarchical Taxonomy (Like Tags)
+
+```php
+<?php
+/**
+ * Register non-hierarchical taxonomy
+ */
+function my_plugin_register_tag_taxonomy() {
+    $args = array(
+        'labels'            => array( /* labels array */ ),
+        'hierarchical'      => false,
+        'public'            => true,
+        'show_ui'           => true,
+        'show_admin_column' => true,
+        'show_in_rest'      => true,
+        'rewrite'           => array( 'slug' => 'book-tag' ),
+    );
+    
+    register_taxonomy( 'book_tag', array( 'book' ), $args );
+}
+add_action( 'init', 'my_plugin_register_tag_taxonomy' );
+
+---
+
+## Shortcodes
+
+### Basic Shortcode
+
+```php
+<?php
+/**
+ * Register shortcode
+ * Usage: [my_books]
+ */
+function my_plugin_books_shortcode( $atts ) {
+    // Parse attributes with defaults
+    $atts = shortcode_atts( array(
+        'limit'    => 5,
+        'category' => '',
+        'orderby'  => 'date',
+        'order'    => 'DESC',
+    ), $atts, 'my_books' );
+
+    // Query books
+    $args = array(
+        'post_type'      => 'book',
+        'posts_per_page' => intval( $atts['limit'] ),
+        'orderby'        => sanitize_text_field( $atts['orderby'] ),
+        'order'          => sanitize_text_field( $atts['order'] ),
+    );
+
+    if ( ! empty( $atts['category'] ) ) {
+        $args['tax_query'] = array(
+            array(
+                'taxonomy' => 'genre',
+                'field'    => 'slug',
+                'terms'    => sanitize_text_field( $atts['category'] ),
+            ),
+        );
+    }
+
+    $query = new WP_Query( $args );
+
+    // Build output
+    ob_start();
+
+    if ( $query->have_posts() ) {
+        echo '<div class="my-plugin-books">';
+        while ( $query->have_posts() ) {
+            $query->the_post();
+            ?>
+            <div class="book-item">
+                <h3><?php the_title(); ?></h3>
+                <?php if ( has_post_thumbnail() ) : ?>
+                    <?php the_post_thumbnail( 'thumbnail' ); ?>
+                <?php endif; ?>
+                <div class="book-excerpt">
+                    <?php the_excerpt(); ?>
+                </div>
+                <a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>"><?php esc_html_e( 'Read More', 'my-plugin' ); ?></a>
+            </div>
+            <?php
+        }
+        echo '</div>';
+    } else {
+        echo '<p>' . esc_html__( 'No books found.', 'my-plugin' ) . '</p>';
+    }
+
+    wp_reset_postdata();
+
+    return ob_get_clean();
+}
+add_shortcode( 'my_books', 'my_plugin_books_shortcode' );
+```
+
+### Shortcode with Enclosed Content
+
+```php
+<?php
+/**
+ * Shortcode with enclosed content
+ * Usage: [book_highlight id="123"]Custom text here[/book_highlight]
+ */
+function my_plugin_book_highlight_shortcode( $atts, $content = null ) {
+    $atts = shortcode_atts( array(
+        'id'    => 0,
+        'class' => 'book-highlight',
+    ), $atts, 'book_highlight' );
+
+    $book_id = intval( $atts['id'] );
+
+    if ( ! $book_id || get_post_type( $book_id ) !== 'book' ) {
+        return '';
+    }
+
+    $book_title = get_the_title( $book_id );
+    $book_url   = get_permalink( $book_id );
+
+    $output = sprintf(
+        '<div class="%s"><p>%s</p><p><a href="%s">%s</a></p></div>',
+        esc_attr( $atts['class'] ),
+        wp_kses_post( $content ),
+        esc_url( $book_url ),
+        esc_html( $book_title )
+    );
+
+    return $output;
+}
+add_shortcode( 'book_highlight', 'my_plugin_book_highlight_shortcode' );
+```
+
+---
+
+## Widgets
+
+### Modern Widget (WP_Widget Class)
+
+```php
+<?php
+/**
+ * Recent Books Widget
+ */
+class My_Plugin_Recent_Books_Widget extends WP_Widget {
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     */
+    public function __construct() {
+        parent::__construct(
+            'my_plugin_recent_books',
+            __( 'Recent Books', 'my-plugin' ),
+            array(
+                'description' => __( 'Display recent books from your library', 'my-plugin' ),
+                'classname'   => 'my-plugin-recent-books-widget',
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Front-end display
+     */
+    public function widget( $args, $instance ) {
+        $title = ! empty( $instance['title'] ) ? $instance['title'] : __( 'Recent Books', 'my-plugin' );
+        $title = apply_filters( 'widget_title', $title, $instance, $this->id_base );
+        $limit = ! empty( $instance['limit'] ) ? absint( $instance['limit'] ) : 5;
+
+        echo $args['before_widget'];
+
+        if ( $title ) {
+            echo $args['before_title'] . esc_html( $title ) . $args['after_title'];
+        }
+
+        $query = new WP_Query( array(
+            'post_type'      => 'book',
+            'posts_per_page' => $limit,
+            'orderby'        => 'date',
+            'order'          => 'DESC',
+        ) );
+
+        if ( $query->have_posts() ) {
+            echo '<ul class="recent-books-list">';
+            while ( $query->have_posts() ) {
+                $query->the_post();
+                ?>
+                <li>
+                    <?php if ( has_post_thumbnail() ) : ?>
+                        <a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>">
+                            <?php the_post_thumbnail( 'thumbnail' ); ?>
+                        </a>
+                    <?php endif; ?>
+                    <a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a>
+                </li>
+                <?php
+            }
+            echo '</ul>';
+            wp_reset_postdata();
+        } else {
+            echo '<p>' . esc_html__( 'No books found.', 'my-plugin' ) . '</p>';
+        }
+
+        echo $args['after_widget'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Back-end widget form
+     */
+    public function form( $instance ) {
+        $title = ! empty( $instance['title'] ) ? $instance['title'] : __( 'Recent Books', 'my-plugin' );
+        $limit = ! empty( $instance['limit'] ) ? absint( $instance['limit'] ) : 5;
+        ?>
+        <p>
+            <label for="<?php echo esc_attr( $this->get_field_id( 'title' ) ); ?>">
+                <?php esc_html_e( 'Title:', 'my-plugin' ); ?>
+            </label>
+            <input class="widefat"
+                   id="<?php echo esc_attr( $this->get_field_id( 'title' ) ); ?>"
+                   name="<?php echo esc_attr( $this->get_field_name( 'title' ) ); ?>"
+                   type="text"
+                   value="<?php echo esc_attr( $title ); ?>">
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            <label for="<?php echo esc_attr( $this->get_field_id( 'limit' ) ); ?>">
+                <?php esc_html_e( 'Number of books:', 'my-plugin' ); ?>
+            </label>
+            <input class="tiny-text"
+                   id="<?php echo esc_attr( $this->get_field_id( 'limit' ) ); ?>"
+                   name="<?php echo esc_attr( $this->get_field_name( 'limit' ) ); ?>"
+                   type="number"
+                   step="1"
+                   min="1"
+                   value="<?php echo esc_attr( $limit ); ?>"
+                   size="3">
+        </p>
+        <?php
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sanitize widget form values
+     */
+    public function update( $new_instance, $old_instance ) {
+        $instance = array();
+        $instance['title'] = ! empty( $new_instance['title'] ) ? sanitize_text_field( $new_instance['title'] ) : '';
+        $instance['limit'] = ! empty( $new_instance['limit'] ) ? absint( $new_instance['limit'] ) : 5;
+
+        return $instance;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Register widget
+ */
+function my_plugin_register_widgets() {
+    register_widget( 'My_Plugin_Recent_Books_Widget' );
+}
+add_action( 'widgets_init', 'my_plugin_register_widgets' );
+```
+
+---
+
+## Best Practices
+
+### Custom Post Types
+
+1. **Use proper labels**: Provide all label variations for better UX
+2. **Enable REST API**: Set `show_in_rest => true` for Gutenberg support
+3. **Set proper capabilities**: Use `capability_type` and `map_meta_cap`
+4. **Flush rewrite rules**: Only on activation/deactivation, never on every page load
+5. **Use proper supports**: Only enable features you need
+
+### Custom Taxonomies
+
+1. **Choose hierarchy wisely**: Hierarchical for categories, non-hierarchical for tags
+2. **Enable REST API**: Required for Gutenberg block editor
+3. **Show in admin column**: Makes content management easier
+4. **Use proper rewrite rules**: Avoid conflicts with existing slugs
+
+### Shortcodes
+
+1. **Use shortcode_atts()**: Always provide defaults and sanitize
+2. **Return, don't echo**: Shortcodes should return content, not echo it
+3. **Use output buffering**: For complex HTML output
+4. **Sanitize and escape**: All user input and output
+5. **Support enclosed content**: When it makes sense for your shortcode
+
+### Widgets
+
+1. **Extend WP_Widget**: Use the standard WordPress widget class
+2. **Sanitize in update()**: Always sanitize user input
+3. **Escape in widget()**: Escape all output
+4. **Use widget_title filter**: Allow theme/plugin filtering of titles
+5. **Reset post data**: Always call wp_reset_postdata() after custom queries
+
+---
+
+## Common Pitfalls
+
+### ❌ DON'T
+
+```php
+// Don't flush rewrite rules on every page load
+add_action( 'init', 'my_plugin_register_post_type' );
+add_action( 'init', 'flush_rewrite_rules' ); // BAD!
+
+// Don't echo in shortcodes
+function bad_shortcode() {
+    echo '<p>Content</p>'; // BAD!
+}
+
+// Don't forget to sanitize widget input
+public function update( $new_instance, $old_instance ) {
+    return $new_instance; // BAD!
+}
+```
+
+### ✅ DO
+
+```php
+// Flush rewrite rules only on activation
+register_activation_hook( __FILE__, 'my_plugin_activate' );
+function my_plugin_activate() {
+    my_plugin_register_post_type();
+    flush_rewrite_rules();
+}
+
+// Return content from shortcodes
+function good_shortcode() {
+    return '<p>Content</p>'; // GOOD!
+}
+
+// Always sanitize widget input
+public function update( $new_instance, $old_instance ) {
+    $instance = array();
+    $instance['title'] = sanitize_text_field( $new_instance['title'] );
+    return $instance; // GOOD!
+}
+```
+```
+