@museumwnf/islamicart-the-mamluks-data 1.0.1 → 1.0.2

package/collections.json

@@ -1 +1 @@
-[{"id":"036e868a-be9f-5e20-a301-fbf277420082","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_80","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:80","parent_id":"e69dcd7a-5d1d-5edb-ae45-6bb6e2a8c847","country_id":null,"display_order":1,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[{"url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/custom/exhibition/37.jpg","alt_text":null,"display_order":3}],"items":[{"id":"f30819fe-fb4c-5ec9-a552-17d8231b324a","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ef040928-57fc-538e-a231-fa846b48e69c.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Rüstung","date":"AH 7.–8. Jahrhundert / AD 13.–14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Damaskus","museum":"Nationalmuseum Damaskus","justification":"Jeder Mamluk besaß ein Schwert, eine Lanze, Pfeil und Bogen und ein Kettenhemd, das ihn im Kampf vor Schwertschlägen und Pfeilen beschützen sollte."},"es":{"name":"Cota de mallas","date":"Siglo VII o VIII de la Hégira / XIII o XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Los mamelucos disponían de espada, lanza, arco y flechas, así como de una cota de mallas que los protegía de las espadas y las flechas en la batalla."},"it":{"name":"Cotta di armatura.","date":"Egira secoli VII-VIII / d.C. secoli XIII–XIV.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nazionale di Damasco","justification":"Ogni Mamelucco possedeva una spada, una lancia, un arco con frecce e un’armatura metallica per difendersi in battaglia dai colpi di spada e dalle frecce."},"pt":{"name":"Cota de malha.","date":"Séc. VI-VIII H. / XIII-XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museu Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Os mamelucos dispunham de espada, lança, arco e flechas, assim como de uma cota de malhas que os protegia das espadas e das flechas durante a batalha."},"se":{"name":"Rustning.","date":"600-700-talet e.H. / 1200-1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Damaskus.","museum":"Nationalmuseet i Damaskus","justification":"Varje mamluk ägde ett svärd, en lans, båge och pilar, och en ringbrynja för att han skulle kunna stå emot pilar och svärdsslag."},"tr":{"name":"Zırh.","date":"H. 7.–8. yy / M. 13.–14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Şam","museum":"Ulusal Müze","justification":"Her Memluk, kılıç, mızrak, ok, yay ve savaş sırasında kılıç darbelerinden ve oklardan korunmak amacıyla örme zırh taşıyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"كان كل مملوك يملك سيفاً ورمحاً وقوساً ونشاباً وطقماً مدرعاً من الزرد، مما يمكنه من متابعة القتال دون أن يأبه بضربات السيوف والسهام."},"en":{"justification":"Every Mamluk owned a sword, a lance, a bow and arrow and a suit of chain-mail body armour so that he would stand a fighting chance of withstanding blows from swords and being shot at by arrows."},"fr":{"justification":"Chaque Mamelouk possède une épée, une lance, un arc, des flèches et une cotte de mailles lui permettant de résister aux attaques et de se protéger des tirs de flèches."}}},{"id":"d5394661-4645-57e7-b329-fa21ef1c08fd","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/bbfdcb9b-6aba-58a1-b2f8-0b13f973f5ea.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Schuppen-Rüstung und Schwerter","date":"AH 7. Jahrhundert / AD 13. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Amman","museum":"Jordanisches Archäologisches Museum","justification":"Nach dem Abschluss seiner Ausbildung erhielt jeder Mamluk eine militärische Ausrüstung und ein Pferd."},"es":{"name":"Cotas de malla y espadas","date":"Siglo VII de la Hégira / XIII d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Ammán","museum":"Museo Arqueológico de Jordania","justification":"Al terminar el adiestramiento, los mamelucos recibían un equipo militar completo y un caballo."},"it":{"name":"Armature.","date":"Egira VII secolo / d.C. XIII secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Amman","museum":"Museo Archeologico di Giordania.","justification":"Al termine della formazione militare ogni Mamelucco riceveva un completo equipaggiamento di armi e un cavallo."},"pt":{"name":"Cotas de malha e espadas.","date":"Séc. VII H. / XIII d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Amã","museum":"Museu Arqueológico da Jordânia.","justification":"Ao terminar o adestramento, os mamelucos recebiam um equipamento militar completo e um cavalo."},"se":{"name":"Ett par ringbrynjor och svärd.","date":"600-talet e.H. /1200-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiska.","location":"Amman","museum":"Jordaniens arkeologiska museum.","justification":"När utbildningen var avslutad fick varje mamluk en hel militär utrustning och en häst."},"tr":{"name":"Zırhlar ve kılıçlar.","date":"H. 7. yy / M. 13. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Amman","museum":"Ürdün Arkeoloji Müzesi.","justification":"Eğitimini tamamlayan her Memluk'a bir takım askeri teçhizat ve bir at veriliyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان كل مملوك يحصل، لدى استكماله لدورته التدريبية، على مجموعة من المُعدَّات العسكرية، مع حصان.**"},"en":{"justification":"On completion of his training every Mamluk received a set of military equipment and a horse."},"fr":{"justification":"Une fois sa formation achevée, le Mamelouk reçoit son équipement militaire et un cheval."}}},{"id":"42a95db0-705d-5ebb-926f-d8bab4c95c82","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"caption":{"de":{"name":"Schwert","date":"AH 907 / AD 1501","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Die Ausrüstung von Offizieren oder *Sultanen* war oft mit goldintarsierten Segenssprüchen oder den offiziellen Titeln des Trägers verziert."},"es":{"name":"Espada","date":"907 de la Hégira / 1501 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"El equipamiento de los comandantes o los sultanes solía estar adornado con incrustaciones de oro en las que figuraba alguna bendición o su cargo oficial."},"it":{"name":"Spada.","date":"Egira 907 / d.C. 1501.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"L’equipaggiamento dei comandanti o dei sultani era spesso impreziosito con benedizioni intarsiate in oro o con la dizione del grado e titolo."},"pt":{"name":"Espada.","date":"907 H. / 1501 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"O equipamento dos comandantes ou dos sultões costumava estar adornado com incrustações de ouro nas quais figurava algum tipo de benção e o seu posto oficial."},"se":{"name":"Svärd.","date":"907 e.H. / 1501 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"Befälhavarnas och sultanernas utrustning hade ofta inläggningar i guld med välsignelsefraser eller officiella titlar."},"tr":{"name":"Kılıç.","date":"H. 907 / M. 1501.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Komutanların veya sultanların donanımı üzerinde çoğunlukla altın kakma hayır duaları ya da resmi unvanları yazılıydı."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت مُعدَّات القادة أو السلاطين تُزين في أغلب الأحيان بالدعوات أو الألقاب الرسمية، المكتوبة بأحرف ذهبية.**"},"en":{"justification":"The equipment of commanders or sultans was often embellished with gold-inlaid blessings or their official titles."},"fr":{"justification":"L'équipement des commandants ou des sultans est souvent orné d'inscriptions, incrustées en or, de bénédictions ou de titres officiels."}}}]},{"id":"6f47a9bf-47af-5ba5-80f4-3405332e6bed","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_84","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:84","parent_id":"b1f3d679-a18b-5258-af5f-524e8530cb84","country_id":null,"display_order":1,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[{"url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/custom/exhibition/38.jpg","alt_text":null,"display_order":1}],"items":[{"id":"92b6403f-d36a-550d-b953-dceb45d22cf5","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"caption":{"de":{"name":"*Kaaba*\\-Schlüssel","date":"AH 765 / AD 1363","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Die Mamluken-*Sultane* stifteten heilige Schlüssel für die *Kaaba* in Mekka, das größte Heiligtum im Islam."},"es":{"name":"Llave de la Kaaba","date":"765 de la Hégira / 1363 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"Los sultanes mamelucos donaron llaves sagradas a la Kaaba de La Meca, el santuario más sagrado del islam."},"it":{"name":"Chiave per la Ka’ba.","date":"Egira 765 / d.C. 1363.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Le sacre chiavi della *Kaba* della Mecca, il santuario più sacro dell'Islam, donate dai sultani mamelucchi."},"pt":{"name":"Chave da Kaaba.","date":"765 H. / 1363 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"Os sultões mamelucos doaram chaves sagradas à Kaaba de Meca, o santuário mais sagrado do Islão."},"se":{"name":"Nyckel till Kaban.","date":"765 e.H./ 1363 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"Mamluksultanerna skänkte heliga nycklar till Kaban i Mekka, islams viktigaste helgedom."},"tr":{"name":"Kâbe anahtarı.","date":"H. 765 / M. 1363.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Memluk sultanları, İslamiyetin en kutsal mabedi olan Kâbe'ye kutsal anahtarlar bağışlardı."},"ar":{"justification":"درج سلاطين المماليك على عادة منح مفاتيح مقدسة للكعبة بمكة، أقدس المزارات عند المسلمين."},"en":{"justification":"The Mamluk sultans donated sacred keys to the *Ka’ba* in Mecca, the holiest shrine in Islam."},"fr":{"justification":"Les sultans mamelouks faisaient don des clés de la *Kaaba* à La Mecque, le plus éminent lieu saint de l'islam."}}},{"id":"ad9d8415-0b17-5ab2-bb81-d214aedc3c9e","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/60c6c7f0-f930-5ee9-b946-93b6b2db7ecd.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Koran","date":"AH 842–57 / AD 1438–53","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Die Kunstfertigkeit, mit der unter den Mamluken viele Korane hergestellt wurden, ist ein Ausdruck der Frömmigkeit dieser Herrscher."},"es":{"name":"Corán","date":"842–857 de la Hégira / 1438–1453 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"El virtuosismo con el que se elaboraron muchos coranes mamelucos refleja su devoción religiosa."},"it":{"name":"Corano.","date":"Egira 842–57 / d.C. 1438–53.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Il virtuosismo di esecuzione di molti corani prodotti in quest’epoca fa pensare alla particolare devozione dei Mamelucchi all’Islam."},"pt":{"name":"Alcorão.","date":"842–57 H. /  1438–53 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"O virtuosismo com que se elaboraram muitos exemplares mamelucos do Alcorão reflecte a sua devoção religiosa."},"se":{"name":"Koran.","date":"842–57 e.H. / 1438–53 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"De många oerhört skickligt utförda koranerna är ett uttryck för mamluktidens starka muslimska tro."},"tr":{"name":"Kur’an-ı Kerim.","date":"H. 842–57 / M. 1438–53.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Memluklar tarafından yazdırılmış birçok Kur'an'ın güzelliği, onların İslamiyete bağlılıklarını yansıtıyor."},"ar":{"justification":"**قد تكون البراعةُ الفائقة المميزة للعديد من نسخ القرآن المملوكية البرهانَ الساطع على مدى إخلاص المماليك للدين الإسلامي.**"},"en":{"justification":"The virtuosity of many Mamluk-produced Qur’ans is a befitting reflection of their devotion to Islam."},"fr":{"justification":"La virtuosité dont témoigne la qualité de nombreux corans produits sous les Mamelouks reflète leur dévotion à l'islam."}}},{"id":"5afe91bf-fea8-55d3-82ee-a8b6233aab07","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/dc9aa87c-464b-5b43-aff4-60895e4ec60f.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Al-Haram al-Scharif (Edles Heiligtum)","date":"AH 15–493 / AD 637–1099; AH 583–1336 / AD 1187–1917","dynasty":"Umayyaden bis Osmanen","location":"Jerusalem","justification":"In Jerusalem, der drittheiligsten islamischen Stadt, betätigten sich die Mamluken im großen Stil als Stifter und Wohltäter."},"es":{"name":"Al-Haram al-Sharif (Noble Santuario)","date":"15–493 y 583–1336 de la Hégira / 637–1099 y 1187–1917 d. C.","dynasty":"Desde omeyas hasta otomanos.","location":"Jerusalén","justification":"Los mamelucos se mostraron como generosos mecenas con Jerusalén, la tercera ciudad santa del islam."},"it":{"name":"Al-Haram al-Sharif (Nobile Santuario).","date":"Egira 15–493 / d.C. 637–1099; Egira 583–1336 / d.C. 1187–1917.","dynasty":"Dall’età omayyade agli Ottomani.","location":"Gerusalemme","justification":"Gerusalemme, la terza città santa dell’Islam, godette di generose protezioni da parte dei Mamelucchi."},"pt":{"name":"Al-Haram al-Sharif (Nobre Santuário).","date":"15–493 H. / 637–1099 d.C.; 583–1336 H. / 1187–1917 d.C.","dynasty":"Um conjunto de sucessivos períodos islâmicos, que vão dos Omeias às dinastias otomanas.","location":"Jerusalém","justification":"Os mamelucos foram generosos mecenas de Jerusalém, a terceira cidade santa do Islão."},"se":{"name":"Al-Haram al-Sharif (Ädla Helgedomen).","date":"15–493 e.H. / 637–1099 e.Kr; 583–1336 e.H. / 1187–1917 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Under en följd av islamiska perioder, från umayyaderna till ottomanerna.","location":"Jerusalem.","justification":"Mamlukiska mecenater stödde frikostigt Jerusalem, som intog tredjeplatsen bland islams heliga städer."},"tr":{"name":"Haremü’ş-Şerif.","date":"H. 15–493 / M. 637–1099; H. 583–1336 / M. 1187–1917.","dynasty":"Emevilerden Osmanlılara uzanan bir dizi inşaat.","location":"Kudüs","justification":"Memluklar, İslamiyetin üçüncü kutsal kenti Kudüs'te birçok eser yaptırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت القدس، ثالث المدن الإسلامية المقدسة، تتمتع برعاية مملوكية واسعة.**"},"en":{"justification":"Jerusalem, the third holiest Islamic city, enjoyed extensive Mamluk patronage."},"fr":{"justification":"Jérusalem, troisième lieu saint de l'islam, a bénéficié d'un important mécénat mamelouk."}}},{"id":"b35cbc07-d87d-5f89-b803-e7930fc1b57b","display_order":3,"variant_order":2,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/f53c8648-df91-5c9f-97a8-713a3cff3341.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Sabil* von *Sultan* Qaytbay","date":"Erbaut AH 887 / AD 1482, renoviert AH 1300 / AD 1882–3","dynasty":"Das Gebäude stammt aus der Zeit der Mamluken und wurde von den Osmanen restauriert.","location":"Jerusalem","justification":"Ein vom Mamluken*\\-Sultan* al-Aschraf Qaytbay erbauter *Sabil*"},"es":{"name":"Sabil del Sultán Qaytbay","date":"Construido en 887 de la Hégira / 1482 d. C.; renovado en 1300 / 1882–1883.","dynasty":"Erigido en época mameluca y restaurado en el periodo otomano.","location":"Jerusalén","justification":"Sabil construido por el sultán mameluco al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"it":{"name":"Sabil del Sultano Qaytbay.","date":"Costruito nell’887 dell’Egira/ d.C. 1482, poi rinnovato nel 1300 dell’Egira / d.C. 1882–3.","dynasty":"L’edificio data all’epoca mamelucca e fu rinnovato in epoca ottomana.","location":"Gerusalemme","justification":"Un s*abil* fatto costruire dal sultano mamelucco al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"pt":{"name":"Sabil do sultão Qaytbay.","date":"Construído em 887 H. / 1482 d.C.; renovado em 1300 H./ 1882–3 d.C.","dynasty":"O edifício data do período mameluco, tendo sido renovado na época otomana.","location":"Jerusalém","justification":"*Sabil* construído pelo sultão mameluco al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"se":{"name":"Sultan Qaytbays sabil.","date":"Byggd 887 e.H./ 1482 e.Kr., därefter ombyggd 1300 e.H. / 1882–3 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Byggnaden är från mamluktiden och restaurerades under ottomansk tid.","location":"Jerusalem.","justification":"*Sabil*, byggd av mamluksultanen al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Kayıtbay Sebili.","date":"H. 887 / M. 1482’de inşa edildi, H. 1300 / M. 1882–83’te yenilendi.","dynasty":"Memluk inşası; Osmanlı yenilemesi.","location":"Kudüs","justification":"Memluk Sultanı Eşref Kayıtbay tarafından yaptırılan bir sebil."},"ar":{"justification":"سبيل ماء ابتناه السلطان المملوكي الأشرف قايتباي."},"en":{"justification":"*Sabil* built by the Mamluk sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"fr":{"justification":"*Sabil* édifié par le sultan mamelouk al-Achraf Qaytbay."}}},{"id":"a000ebdb-1681-52a6-a40c-e080d3566746","display_order":3,"variant_order":3,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ccb84d9c-6e5d-584f-be02-c3b189e839cf.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"al-Aschrafiyya-*Medrese*","date":"AH 887 / AD 1482","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","justification":"Eine vom Mamluken-*Sultan* al-Aschraf Qaytbay erbaute *Medrese*"},"es":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya","date":"887 de la Hégira / 1482 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","justification":"Madrasa construida por el sultán mameluco al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya.","date":"Egira 887 / d.C. 1482.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","justification":"La m*adrasa* fatta costruire dal sultano mamelucco al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya.","date":"887 H. / 1482 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","justification":"*Madrasa* construída pelo sultão mameluco al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"se":{"name":"Al-Ashrafiyya Madrasa.","date":"887 e.H. / 1482 e.kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Jerusalem.","justification":"*Madrasa*, byggd av mamluksultanen al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"tr":{"name":"Eşrefiye Medresesi.","date":"H. 887 / M. 1482.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","justification":"Memluk Sultanı Eşref Kayıtbay tarafından yaptırılan bir medrese."},"ar":{"justification":"مدرسة ابتناها السلطان المملوكي الأشرف قايتباي."},"en":{"justification":"*Madrasa* built by Mamluk sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"fr":{"justification":"*Madrasa* édifiée par le sultan mamelouk al-Achraf Qaytbay."}}}]},{"id":"7e1dd92e-fca9-5d89-aaaf-7b9903fb14af","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_88","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:88","parent_id":"0d96fdda-709f-55ff-974d-36ce25e67b8e","country_id":null,"display_order":1,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"dfe32ab1-3f2d-5b86-a9eb-e9b6f8d8f2a4","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/76207d8f-0883-5762-8194-ea796169e1fb.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Kamm","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Alltagsgegenstände wie dieser Kamm erlauben einen kleinen Einblick in das Leben der einfachen Leute."},"es":{"name":"Peine","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"Objetos como este peine dan pequeñas pistas sobre la vida cotidiana de la gente corriente."},"it":{"name":"Pettine.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Oggetti di uso quotidiano come questo pettine ci aiutano a immaginare quale potessero essere le abitudini della gente comune."},"pt":{"name":"Pente.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"Objectos como este pente dão pequenas pistas sobre a vida quotidiana de pessoas comuns."},"se":{"name":"Kam.","date":"700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"Vardagliga ting som den här kammen ger en uppfattning om hur det dagliga livet var för vanliga människor."},"tr":{"name":"Tarak.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Bu tarak gibi günlük kullanım eşyaları, sıradan halkın günlük yaşamı hakkında ipuçları veriyor."},"ar":{"justification":"**من شأن حاجات يومية معينة مثل هذا المشط، أن تلقي بعض الضوء على الحياة اليومية للناس العاديين.**"},"en":{"justification":"Everyday items like this comb give small glimpses into the daily lives of ordinary people."},"fr":{"justification":"D'humbles objets comme ce peigne donnent une idée de la vie quotidienne du peuple."}}},{"id":"d7236dce-568e-5d36-8503-8a239f068eea","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/9f225132-0417-5de1-b97c-b7a0a313fa55.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Kajalbehälter","date":"AH 8.–9. Jahrhundert / AD 14.–15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Eine kleine Flasche für Kajal, das als Augenkosmetik damals sowohl von Frauen als auch von Männern benutzt wurde"},"es":{"name":"Frasco de kohl","date":"Siglo VIII o IX de la Hégira / XIV o XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"Recipiente para kohl, un cosmético que usaban hombres y mujeres de la época para delinearse los ojos."},"it":{"name":"Contenitore di kohl.","date":"Egira VIII–IX secolo / d.C. XIV–XV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Contenitore di *kohl,* cosmetico usato da uomini e donne per accentuare l'espressione degli occhi."},"pt":{"name":"Frasco de kohl.","date":"Séc. VIII-IX H. / XIV-XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"Recipiente para kohl, um cosmético usado homens e mulheres daquela época para delinear os olhos."},"se":{"name":"Behållare för ögonsmink (kajal).","date":"700-800-talet e.H. / 1300-1400-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"En liten behållare för kajal, ögonsmink som både män och kvinnor använde under den här tiden."},"tr":{"name":"Sürmedan.","date":"H. 8.–9. yy / M. 14.–15. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"O dönemde hem kadınlar hem de erkekler tarafından gözleri belirginleştirmek için kullanılan rastık veya sürme saklamak için kullanılan bir kap."},"ar":{"justification":"**وعاء لحفظ الكُحل، وهي مادة للزينة تُستخدم لإبراز العيون، وشاع استخدامها لدى كل من الرجال والنساء، في تلك الفترة.**"},"en":{"justification":"A container used to hold *kohl,* a cosmetic used to accentuate the eyes, the use of which was common for both men and women of the period."},"fr":{"justification":"Récipient à *kohl*, cosmétique utilisé pour mettre le regard en valeur et qui était couramment utilisé aussi bien par les hommes que par les femmes de l'époque."}}},{"id":"d6242eaa-ac06-5d04-8911-4ba4cf7ef4f6","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/871452de-d82a-5a26-a22e-8dbd28af3e51.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Essensbehälter","date":"AH 9. / AD 15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"The British Museum","justification":"Diese Brotbüchsen konnten komplette Mahlzeiten aufnehmen. Sie waren abschließbar, damit niemand das Essen vergiften konnte."},"es":{"name":"Fiambrera","date":"Siglo IX de la Hégira / XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Británico","justification":"En estas fiambreras podía llevarse todo un almuerzo. Se cerraban con candado para evitar que alguien envenenase el contenido."},"it":{"name":"Gavetta.","date":"Egira IX secolo / d.C. XV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Un intero pasto poteva entrare in questo contenitore con serratura: era chiuso per evitare che qualcuno potesse alterare il cibo."},"pt":{"name":"Marmita","date":"Séc. IX H. / XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Britânico.","justification":"Nestas marmitas podia levar-se toda uma refeição. Eram fechadas com cadeado para evitar que alguém envenenasse o conteúdo."},"se":{"name":"Matlåda.","date":"800-talet e.H. / 1400-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"London.","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"En hel måltid kunde transporteras i en matbehållare som den här. De var låsbara, för att hindra att någon förgiftade maten."},"tr":{"name":"Sefertası.","date":"H. 9. / M. 15. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"The British Museum.","justification":"Bu kaplarla bir öğünlük yemek taşınabiliyordu. Zehir katılmasını önlemek için bunlar kapaklıydı."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت هذه الحاويات للطعام قابلة لنقل وجبات كاملة ؛ وكان بالإمكان إقفالها للحيلولة دون دس السم إلى المحتويات.**"},"en":{"justification":"Complete meals could be conveyed in these food containers. They were lockable to prevent anyone poisoning the contents."},"fr":{"justification":"Des repas entiers étaient transportés dans ces récipients qui pouvaient être fermés pour éviter que l'on n'empoisonne leur contenu."}}},{"id":"f49a881b-465e-552f-97b1-6bfcba915e82","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ceadc1ba-068c-595e-8c52-b098b6d7f930.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Flasche oder Parfumzerstäuber","date":"AH 7. Jahrhundert / AD 13. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Amman","museum":"Jordanisches Archäologisches Museum","justification":"Parfum und Weihrauch waren feste Bestandteile der muslimischen Körperpflege. Auch Moscheen und Paläste waren von solchen Düften erfüllt."},"es":{"name":"Botella o perfumador","date":"Siglo VII de la Hégira / XIII d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Ammán","museum":"Museo Arqueológico de Jordania","justification":"El perfume y el incienso formaban parte de la higiene personal de los musulmanes. Además, se usaban para perfumar el interior de mezquitas y palacios."},"it":{"name":"Bottiglia o spruzzatore di profumo.","date":"Egira VII secolo / d.C. XIII secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Amman","museum":"Museo Archeologico di Giordania.","justification":"Profumi e incensi facevano parte integrante della cosmesi personale dei musulmani, oltre ad essere impiegati per profumare gli interni di moschee e palazzi."},"pt":{"name":"Garrafa ou perfumador.","date":"Séc. VII H. / XIII d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Amã","museum":"Museu Arqueológico da Jordânia.","justification":"O perfume e o incenso faziam parte da higiene pessoal dos muçulmanos. Além disso, eram usados para perfumar o interior das mesquitas e dos palácios."},"se":{"name":"Flaska, ev. stänkflaska för parfym","date":"600-talet e.H. /1200-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Amman","museum":"Jordaniens arkeologiska museum.","justification":"Parfym och rökelse hörde till den muslimska kroppsvården, och förekom flitigt inne i både palats och moskéer."},"tr":{"name":"Şişe veya gülabdan.","date":"H. 7. yy / M. 13. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Amman","museum":"Ürdün Arkeoloji Müzesi.","justification":"Parfüm ve tütsü, Müslümanların kişisel bakımlarının ayrılmaz parçalarıydı ve ayrıca cami ve sarayların içini kokulandırmak için kullanılırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت العطور والبخور من الأمور الأساسية بالنسبة إلى نظافة المسلم الشخصية، كما كانت تستخدم لتعطير أجواء مداخل المساجد والقصور.**"},"en":{"justification":"Perfume and incense were integral to a Muslim’s personal hygiene, and in addition were used to fragrance the interiors of mosques and palaces."},"fr":{"justification":"Les parfums et l'encens font partie des accessoires d'hygiène personnelle du musulman et servent également à parfumer l'intérieur des mosquées et des palais."}}},{"id":"41e2c44a-687b-5a33-a465-b90fb6356433","display_order":5,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/22c1c6a5-7d1c-5d78-b3d7-3b1a7d572017.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Flasche","date":"AH Mitte 8. Jahrhundert / AD Mitte 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Lissabon","museum":"Calouste Gulbenkian Museum","justification":"Die besseren Kreise im Reich eiferten in ihrem Lebensstil der mamlukischen Elite nach."},"es":{"name":"Botella","date":"Mediados del siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Lisboa","museum":"Museo Calouste Gulbenkian","justification":"Las clases privilegiadas del Imperio Mameluco aspiraban a llevar el estilo de vida de la élite mameluca."},"it":{"name":"Bottiglia.","date":"Egira metà VIII secolo / d.C. metà XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Lisbona.","museum":"Museo Calouste Gulbenkian.","justification":"Le classi agiate nell’impero mamelucco tendevano a condurre uno stile di vita comparabile a quello della casta mamelucca."},"pt":{"name":"Garrafa.","date":"Meados do séc. VIII H. / meados do séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Lisboa.","museum":"Museu Calouste Gulbenkian.","justification":"As classes privilegiadas do Império Mameluco aspiravam a um estilo de vida semelhante ao da elite mameluca."},"tr":{"name":"Şişe.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy ortası.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Lizbon.","museum":"Calouste Gulbenkian Müzesi.","justification":"Memluk toplumunun üst kesimleri, Memluk elitininkine benzer bir yaşam tarzına özenirdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**من المؤكَّد أن الطبقات العليا في الإمبراطورية المملوكية كانت تحلم بأنماط حياتية شبيهة بما لدى النخبة المملوكية.**"},"en":{"justification":"The upper-classes of the Mamluk Empire would have aspired to a lifestyle comparable to that of the Mamluk elite."},"fr":{"justification":"Les classes supérieures de l'empire aspiraient à un style de vie comparable à celui de l'élite mamelouke."},"se":{"justification":"I hela det stora mamlukriket ville överklassen leva samma lyxliv som den mamlukiska eliten."}}}]},{"id":"1fe29955-194b-5f40-833a-ae7bf2b5e383","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_91","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:91","parent_id":"5fece024-c74e-561d-b95d-491951907de9","country_id":null,"display_order":1,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[{"url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/custom/exhibition/41.jpg","alt_text":null,"display_order":3}],"items":[{"id":"51f8fa23-51c6-5b98-a17b-e786e16768ed","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/16dfaf92-dfce-546c-a7dd-be3c9b887600.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Medrese* und Moschee von *Sultan* Hasan","date":"AH 764 / AD 1362","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Der *Sultan*\\-Hasan-Komplex verband eine Moschee mit vier *Medresen,* deren jede auf eine der vier Schulen *sunnitischer* Rechtssprechung *(Fiqh)* spezialisiert war. Auch Unterkünfte für Studenten und Angestellte, eine Bibliothek, ein *Hamam* und Küchen waren Teil der Anlage."},"es":{"name":"Madrasa y mezquita del Sultán Hasan","date":"764 de la Hégira / 1362 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"*El complejo del sultán Hasan incluía una mezquita y cuatro madrasas, cada una de las cuales se especializó en enseñar una de las escuelas de jurisprudencia sunní (*fiqh*). También albergaba alojamientos para estudiantes y empleados, una biblioteca, baños públicos (*hammam*) y cocinas.*"},"it":{"name":"Madrasa e Moschea di Sultan Hasan.","date":"Egira 764 / d.C. 1362.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Il complesso del sultano Hasan è composto da una moschea e quattro *madrasa* ciascuna delle quali specializzata nell'insegnamento di una delle quattro dottrine religiose e legali dell'Islam sunnita (*Fiqh*). In esso trovavano posto anche gli alloggi per gli studenti e per il personale, una biblioteca, un bagno pubblico (*hammam*) e le cucine."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa e mesquita do sultão Hassan.","date":"764 H. / 1362 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"O complexo do sultão Hassan incluía uma mesquita e quatro *madrasas*, cada uma delas especializada em ensinar uma das escolas de jurisprudência sunita (*fiqh*). Também compreendia alojamentos para estudantes e funcionários, uma biblioteca, banhos públicos (*hammam*) e cozinhas."},"se":{"name":"Sultan Hassans madrasa och moské.","date":"764 e.H. / 1362 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Sultan Hassans anläggning kombinerade en moské och fyra *madrasa*, som var och en var specialiserad på att lära ut någon av de fyra sunnimuslimska principerna för rättsskipning (*Fiqh*). Där fanns också bostäder för eleverna och de anställda, bibliotek, badhus (*hammam)* och kök."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Hasan Medrese ve Camii.","date":"H. 764 / M. 1362.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Sultan Hasan Külliyesi'nde bir cami ve dört medrese bulunuyor. Bunların her biri, Sünni İslam fıkhının dallarının birinde uzmanlaşmıştı. Bu külliyede ayrıca öğrenci ve çalışanlar için barınaklar, bir kütüphane, bir hamam ve mutfaklar mevcuttu."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان مُجمَّع السلطان حسن يضم مسجداً وأربعة مدارس تخصصت كل منها في تدريس تعاليم أحد المذاهب الإسلامية السنية الأربعة في الفقه. وكان المُجمَّع يضم أيضاً مساكن للطلبة والعاملين ومكتبة وحماماً وعدداً من المطابخ.**"},"en":{"justification":"The Sultan Hassan Complex combined a mosque and four *madrasa*s each of which specialised in teaching one of the Schools of Muslim Sunni religious jurisprudence (*Fiqh*). It also had student and employee lodgings, a library, a bathhouse (*hammam*) and kitchens."},"fr":{"justification":"Le complexe du sultan Hassan regroupe une mosquée et quatre *madrasa* – chacune spécialisée dans l'une des écoles de la jurisprudence religieuse sunnite (*fiqh*) – ainsi que des logements pour les étudiants et les employés, une bibliothèque, un hammam et des cuisines."}}},{"id":"54e60e87-a0d4-5416-b5e8-03ace6751eca","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/eecddfd6-8d0c-5383-865e-03fd6d60ef23.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Seite eines Korans","date":"AH 8.–9. Jahrhundert / AD 14.–15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Stockholm","museum":"Mittelmeermuseum (Medelhavsmuseet)","justification":"Ein Blatt aus einem illuminierten Koranmanuskript. Ähnlich wertvolle Korane wurden allen großen Moscheen und *Medresen* des Reichs gestiftet."},"es":{"name":"Página de Corán","date":"Siglo VIII o IX de la Hégira / XIV o XV  d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Estocolmo","museum":"Museo de Antigüedades del Mediterráneo y Oriente Próximo (Medelhavsmuseet)","justification":"Página iluminada de Corán; se donaban coranes tan valiosos como este a mezquitas mayores y madrasas de todo el Imperio."},"it":{"name":"Pagina di Corano.","date":"Egira secoli VIII-IX/ d.C. secoli XIV-XV.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Stoccolma","museum":"Museo del Mediterraneo e del Vicino Oriente (Medelhavsmuseet).","justification":"Foglio di Corano miniato; corani preziosi come questo venivano donati alle maggiori moschee e *madrasa* dell'impero."},"pt":{"name":"Página do Alcorão.","date":"Sécs. VIII-IX H. /XIV-XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Estocolmo","museum":"Museu das Antiguidades do Mediterrâneo e do Próximo Oriente(Medelhavsmuseet).","justification":"Página iluminada do Alcorão; doavam-se exemplares tão valiosos como este a mesquitas aljamas e a *madrasas* de todo o Império."},"tr":{"name":"Kur’an sayfası.","date":"H. 8.–9. yy / M. 14.–15. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Stockholm","museum":"Akdeniz ve Yakın Doğu Eserleri Müzesi (Medelhavsmuseet).","justification":"Tezhipli bir Kur'an sayfası; benzer güzellikteki Kur'an'lar, ülkenin her köşesindeki büyük camilere ve medreselere bağışlanırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**ورقة مزخرفة من القرآن؛ وقد جرى وقف نسخ ثمينة من القرآن مثلها لسائر المساجد الكبيرة والمدارس (الكتاتيب) على طول البلاد وعرضها.**"},"en":{"justification":"An illuminated leaf from a Qur’an; similarly precious Qur’ans were endowed to all the major mosques and *madrasa*s throughout the empire."},"fr":{"justification":"Folio de coran enluminé. De précieux corans de ce type étaient offerts aux grandes mosquées et *madrasa* de l'empire."},"se":{"justification":"En illuminerad sida ur Koranen; liknande dyrbara Koraner skänktes till alla större moskéer och *madrasa* i hela riket."}}},{"id":"54e3a0d3-6ecd-5314-a088-45db5e7956cd","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"caption":{"de":{"name":"Stiftdose","date":"AH Mitte 8. Jahrhundert / AD Mitte 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"The British Museum","justification":"Eine Schreibschatulle, die das hohe Ansehen von Schreibern, Kalligrafen und Intellektuellen in der mamlukischen Gesellschaft verdeutlicht."},"es":{"name":"Estuche de plumas","date":"Mediados del siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Británico","justification":"Los estuches de plumas son prueba del elevado estatus que se concedía a escribas, calígrafos e intelectuales en la sociedad mameluca."},"it":{"name":"Astuccio per penna.","date":"Egira metà VIII secolo/ d.C. metà XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Astuccio per penne che testimonia come gli scrivani, i calligrafi e gli intellettuali venissero tenuti in gran conto in epoca mamelucca."},"pt":{"name":"Estojo de penas.","date":"Meados do séc. VIII H./ meados do séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Britânico.","justification":"Os estojos de penas são prova do elevado estatuto que na sociedade mameluca era concedido a escribas, calígrafos e intelectuais."},"se":{"name":"Pennskrin.","date":"Mitten av 700-talet e.H./ 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"London.","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Pennskrinet symboliserar den upphöjda ställning som skrivare, kalligrafer och intellektuella hade i mamluksamhället."},"tr":{"name":"Kalem kutusu.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy ortası.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"The British Museum.","justification":"Kalem kutuları, Memluk toplumunun yazarlara, hattatlara ve entelektüellere verdiği değeri simgelerdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**علبة أقلام تدل على المكانة المرموقة التي كان يتمتع بها الكتبة والخطاطون والمفكرون في المجتمع المملوكي.**"},"en":{"justification":"A pen-case symbolised the elevated status accorded to scribes, calligraphers and intellectuals in Mamluk society."},"fr":{"justification":"Ce plumier illustre le statut élevé dont jouissent les scribes, les calligraphes et les intellectuels dans la société mamelouke."}}}]},{"id":"a33e8d0d-78bb-5e1f-bf96-8cdd1b65b6f8","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_95","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:95","parent_id":"282bf248-cb40-5b24-9d50-166d75b8a10e","country_id":null,"display_order":1,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"ba9d80ab-9947-55e8-bd84-8062ba4f2798","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/aaed4d12-7e34-5ed1-ae00-0c14adf9c3b2.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Zerstäuber","date":"AH 694 / AD 1295-6","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum","justification":"Ein gläserner Wasserzerstäuber, der als diplomatisches Geschenk für einen Rasuliden-Herrscher von Jemen bestimmt war"},"es":{"name":"Rociador","date":"694 de la Hégira / 1295-1296 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Victoria & Albert","justification":"Rociador de cristal que se entregó como regalo diplomático al sultán Rasulid de Yemen."},"it":{"name":"Aspersorio.","date":"Egira 694 / d.C. 1295-6.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Aspersorio in vetro fatto realizzare come dono diplomatico per un sultano yemenita della dinastia rasulide."},"pt":{"name":"Frasco.","date":"694 H. / 1295-6 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Victoria & Albert","justification":"Frasco de vidro que foi entregue como prenda diplomática ao sultão Rasulid do Yemen."},"se":{"name":"Stänkflaska.","date":"694 e.H./ 1295-6 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"London.","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Stänkflaska, tillverkad som diplomatisk gåva åt den rasulidiska sultanen av Jemen."},"tr":{"name":"Serpici.","date":"H. 694 / M. 1295–96.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Müzesi.","justification":"Yemen'in Resuli Sultanı için diplomatik hediye olarak üretilmiş olan cam bir serpici."},"ar":{"justification":"**مِرَش بلوري صُنِع هدية دبلوماسية لسلطان اليمن الرسولي.**"},"en":{"justification":"A glass sprinkler that was made as a diplomatic gift for a Rasulid Sultan of Yemen."},"fr":{"justification":"Aspersoir en verre, cadeau diplomatique destiné au sultan rasoulide du Yémen."}}},{"id":"c0244871-45bb-595e-94f1-b3c8fd4920b7","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/2bea14ea-2211-57a9-9329-9d4ad462ccb6.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Becher mit Stiel","date":"AH frühes 8. Jahrhundert / AD frühes 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"The British Museum","justification":"Ein mamlukischer Stielkelch, der von Ägypten oder Syrien, wo er hergestellt wurde, entweder als Exportgut oder als diplomatisches Geschenk bis nach China gelangte"},"es":{"name":"Copa de pie alto","date":"Principios del siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Británico","justification":"Copa mameluca que viajó desde Egipto o Siria, donde se fabricaría, hasta China como obsequio diplomático o como artículo de exportación."},"it":{"name":"Bicchiere con gambo.","date":"Egira primi del VIII secolo / d.C. primi del XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Calice mamelucco che intraprese il lungo viaggio dall’Egitto o dalla Siria, dove fu realizzato, fino alla Cina, come dono diplomatico o come semplice prodotto di esportazione."},"pt":{"name":"Copo com pé alto.","date":"Início séc. VIII H. / início do séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Britânico.","justification":"Copo mameluco que viajou do Egipto ou da Síria, onde teria sido fabricado, até à China, como presente diplomático ou artigo de exportação."},"se":{"name":"Bägare på fot.","date":"Början av 700-talet e.H./ 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"London.","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"En mamlukisk bägare på fot som har rest hela vägen till Kina som diplomatgåva eller exportvara, från Egypten eller Syrien där den en gång tillverkades,."},"tr":{"name":"Ayaklı kap.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy başı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"The British Museum.","justification":"Diplomatik hediye veya ihraç malı olarak üretildiği Mısır ya da Suriye'den Çin'e kadar ulaşan, Memluklara ait ayaklı cam kâse."},"ar":{"justification":"**قدح مملوكي، طويل الساق، انتقل من مصر أو سورية، حيث صنع، إلى الصين، إما هدية دبلوماسية أو سلعة مصدرة.**"},"en":{"justification":"A Mamluk stemmed cup that travelled all the way from Egypt or Syria, where it was made, to China either as a diplomatic gift or as an export."},"fr":{"justification":"Coupe sur pied mamelouke provenant d'Égypte ou de Syrie, où elle fut fabriquée, et retrouvée en Chine où elle avait été exportée ou offerte à titre de cadeau diplomatique."}}},{"id":"f464f05d-ba18-530f-b41b-07c96cc843ee","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/a61544a4-60cc-5c32-a9de-61a66bca2a85.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Tablett","date":"Circa AH 800 / AD 1400","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"The British Museum","justification":"Intarsierte Messingwaren wie dieses Tablett wurden in Syrien für den europäischen Markt hergestellt."},"es":{"name":"Bandeja","date":"Hacia 800 de la Hégira / 1400 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Británico","justification":"En Siria se fabricaban objetos de latón con incrustaciones, como esta bandeja, para atraer al mercado europeo."},"it":{"name":"Vassoio.","date":"Circa Egira 800 / d.C. 1400.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Oggetti in ottone intarsiato come questo vassoio erano prodotti in Siria per il mercato europeo."},"pt":{"name":"Bandeja.","date":"c. 800 H. / 1400 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Britânico.","justification":"Na Síria fabricaram-se objectos de latão com incrustações, como esta bandeja, para atrair o mercado europeu."},"se":{"name":"Bricka.","date":"Ca 800 e.H. / 1400 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"London.","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Mässingsföremål med inläggningar som den här brickan gjordes i Syrien för den europeiska marknaden."},"tr":{"name":"Tepsi.","date":"H. 800 / M. 1400 civarı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"The British Museum.","justification":"Bu tepsi gibi kakmalı pirinç eserler, Avrupa pazarı için Suriye'de üretiliyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"**أواني نحاسية مُرصَّعة، مثل هذه الصينية المصنوعة في سورية، إغراء للسوق الأوربية.**"},"en":{"justification":"Inlaid-brass items like this tray were made in Syria to appeal to the European market."},"fr":{"justification":"Des objets en cuivre incrusté comme ce plateau étaient fabriqués en Syrie pour satisfaire aux goûts du marché européen."}}}]},{"id":"e69dcd7a-5d1d-5edb-ae45-6bb6e2a8c847","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_theme_34","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_themes:34","parent_id":"217482b1-7626-531f-8ca9-51c2f680fe3d","country_id":null,"display_order":1,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[]},{"id":"48a86896-7c77-5f66-a1d9-8df0111a6e0c","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_81","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:81","parent_id":"e69dcd7a-5d1d-5edb-ae45-6bb6e2a8c847","country_id":null,"display_order":2,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"2fe554a9-e532-5b15-814f-963ca40c1b1c","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/94fbf1d6-4a47-52c6-9e93-087d8d3078d6.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Kleines Waschbecken","date":"Circa AH 700 / AD 1300","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst – Staatliche Museen zu Berlin","justification":"Diese kleine Schüssel ist mit Jagd- und Turnierszenen geschmückt. Beides war unter den Mamluken beliebt, denn dabei konnte man Mut und Ausdauer beweisen."},"es":{"name":"Jofaina","date":"Hacia 700 de la Hégira / 1300 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Berlín","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico del Museo Pergamon","justification":"Pequeño recipiente adornado con escenas de caza y justas. Ambas actividades eran populares entre los mamelucos y servían para demostrar su valor y su fortaleza."},"it":{"name":"Bacinella per l’acqua.","date":"Circa Egira 700 / d.C. 1300.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Berlino","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica al Pergamon Museum.","justification":"Piccola ciotola ornata con scene di caccia e di tornei, entrambe le attività erano molto diffuse presso i Mamelucchi a dimostrazione di coraggio e resistenza."},"pt":{"name":"Bacia.","date":"c. 700 H. / 1300 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Berlim","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica do Museu Pergamon.","justification":"Pequeno recipiente adornado com cenas de caça e de torneios. Ambas eram actividades populares entre os mamelucos e serviam para demonstrar o seu valor e sua força."},"se":{"name":"Litet tvättfat.","date":"Ca 700 e.H. / 1300 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst i Pergamonmuseet.","justification":"En liten skål som är prydd med scener från jakt och tornerspel. Hos mamlukerna var det omtyckta sportgrenar där man fick visa mod och uthållighet."},"tr":{"name":"Küçük kâse.","date":"H. 700 / M. 1300 civarı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Berlin","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi, Devlet Müzeleri.","justification":"At üzerinde avlanma ve mızrak dövüşü sahneleriyle süslenmiş küçük bir kâse. Bunlar, cesaret ve dayanıklılığın sergilendiği gözde Memluk sporları idi."},"ar":{"justification":"**زبدية صغيرة مزخرفة بمشاهد الصيد والمثاقفة اللذين كانا من الرياضات المملوكية الشعبية المنظمة لاستعراض الشجاعة والقدرة على التحمل**"},"en":{"justification":"A small bowl embellished with scenes of hunting and jousting, both of which were popular Mamluk sports designed to demonstrate courage and endurance."},"fr":{"justification":"Petite coupe ornée de scènes de chasse et de joutes, sports populaires auprès des Mamelouks, qui pouvaient y faire preuve de leur courage et de leur endurance."}}},{"id":"a16c230e-422f-5bde-8b7a-803161b630d9","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/f79adc01-fbf5-56e4-9ac6-14e26fa2f96b.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Granaten","date":"AH 6. Jahrhundert / AD nach 1184","dynasty":"Ayyubiden","location":"Adschlun","museum":"Archäologisches Museum Adschlun","justification":"Kenntnisse von Sprengkörpern und Projektilen waren für eine erfolgreiche Kriegführung entscheidend."},"es":{"name":"Granadas","date":"Siglo VI de la Hégira / después de 1184 d. C.","dynasty":"Ayyubíes.","location":"Aylun","museum":"Museo Arqueológico de Aylun","justification":"Para luchar eficazmente contra el enemigo era vital conocer los artefactos explosivos y los proyectiles."},"it":{"name":"Granate","date":"Egira VI secolo / post d.C. 1184.","dynasty":"Ayyubide.","location":"Ajlun","museum":"Museo Archeologico Ajlun.","justification":"La padronanza di oggetti da lancio e proiettili era di vitale importanza per la conduzione della guerra contro il nemico."},"pt":{"name":"Granadas.","date":"Séc. VI H. / após 1184 d.C..","dynasty":"Ayyubidas.","location":"Ajlun","museum":"Museu Arqueológico de Ajlun.","justification":"Para lutar eficazmente contra o inimigo era vital conhecer os artefactos explosivos e os projécteis."},"se":{"name":"Handgranater.","date":"500-talet e.H./ Efter 1184 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Ayyubidiska.","location":"Ajlun","museum":"Arkeologiska museet i Ajlun.","justification":"För en effektiv krigföring var det viktigt att känna till sprängmedel och projektiler."},"tr":{"name":"El bombası.","date":"H. 6. yy / M. 1184’den sonra.","dynasty":"Eyyubi.","location":"Aclun","museum":"Aclun Arkeoloji Müzesi.","justification":"Patlayıcı ve atmalı silahlar konusunda derin bir bilgi, düşmana karşı etkili şekilde savaşabilmek açısından önem taşıyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت معرفة الوسائل والقذائف المتفجرة مسألة حيوية على صعيد خوض الحرب ضد الأعداء.**"},"en":{"justification":"Knowledge of explosive devices and projectiles was vital for effective warfare against the enemy."},"fr":{"justification":"La connaissance des explosifs et des projectiles était essentielle pour se battre efficacement contre l'ennemi."}}},{"id":"5afb9d0a-a173-5509-83ce-e5ce7f4da179","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ee843b69-4c5f-5d15-9c42-5262ab08533f.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Seite eines Manuskripts über Reitkunst","date":"AH 9. Jahrhundert / AD 15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Um in Form zu bleiben, übten mamlukische Ritter regelmäßig das Fechten, Gewichtheben und Schwimmen."},"es":{"name":"Página de manuscrito sobre equitación y esgrima","date":"Siglo IX de la Hégira / XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"Para mantenerse en forma, los mamelucos solían practicar la esgrima, el levantamiento de peso y la natación."},"it":{"name":"Pagina di manoscritto sull’equitazione.","date":"Egira IX secolo / d.C. XV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Per mantenersi in forma i cavalieri mamelucchi praticavano regolarmente la scherma, il sollevamento pesi e il nuoto."},"pt":{"name":"Página de manuscrito sobre equitação e esgrima.","date":"Séc. IX H. / XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"Para manter a forma, os mamelucos costumavam praticar esgrima, o levantamento de pesos e a natação."},"se":{"name":"Del av ett manuskript som handlar om ryttarkonst.","date":"800-talet e.H./ 1400-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"För att hålla sig i form tränade de mamlukiska krigarna regelbundet fäktning, tyngdlyftning och simning."},"tr":{"name":"Binicilik üzerine elyazması sayfası.","date":"H. 9. yy / M. 15. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Zinde kalmak için, Memluk *faris*leri düzenli olarak yüzerdi ve eskrim ve ağırlık çalışırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**حفاظاً على اللياقة البدنية، درج فرسان المماليك على ممارسة المبارزة ورفع الأثقال والسباحة على نحو منتظم.**"},"en":{"justification":"To keep fit Mamluk knights regularly practised fencing, weight-lifting and swimming."},"fr":{"justification":"Pour se maintenir en bonne forme physique, les Mamelouks pratiquaient régulièrement l'escrime, le lancer de poids et la natation."}}},{"id":"4150a4e5-e339-5229-a33a-a26b868c4c5e","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/cf5f9fc2-f18b-56ee-ae9a-8cc8fcec42d1.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Burg Adschlun","date":"AH 579–658 / AD 1184–1260","dynasty":"Ayyubiden / Mamluken","location":"Adschlun","justification":"Mamluken wurden in Zitadellen und Festungen ausgebildet, und hier verrichteten sie auch ihren Dienst. Die Burg von Adschlun lag strategisch günstig an der Handelsverbindung zwischen Syrien und Ägypten."},"es":{"name":"Castillo de Aylun","date":"579–658 de la Hégira / 1184–1260 d. C.","dynasty":"Ayyubíes, mamelucos.","location":"Aylun","justification":"Los mamelucos estaban acuartelados y se adiestraban en alcazabas y fortalezas. Esta fortaleza de Aylun tenía importancia estratégica, pues estaba situada en la ruta comercial entre Siria y Egipto."},"it":{"name":"Castello di Ajlun.","date":"Egira 579–658 / d.C. 1184–1260.","dynasty":"Epoca ayyubide–mamelucca.","location":"Ajlun","justification":"I Mamelucchi si formavano e vivevano in cittadelle e fortezze. Il Castello di Ajlun era strategicamente importante perché situato sulle vie commerciali fra la Siria ed Egitto."},"pt":{"name":"Castelo de Ajlun.","date":"579–658 H. / 1184–1260 d.C.","dynasty":"Ayyubidas–Mamelucos.","location":"Ajlun","justification":"Os mamelucos estavam aquartelados e adestravam-se em alcáçovas e fortalezas. Esta fortaleza tinha importância estratégica, uma vez que estava situada na rota comercial entre a Síria e o Egipto."},"se":{"name":"Borgen i Ajlun.","date":"579–658 e.H. / 184–1260 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Ayyubiderna–mamlukerna.","location":"Ajlun.","justification":"Mamlukerna stationerades och tränades i citadell och fästningar. Fästningen vid Ajlun låg vid handelsvägen mellan Syrien och Egypten och var strategiskt viktig."},"tr":{"name":"Aclun Kalesi.","date":"H. 579–658 / M. 1184–1260.","dynasty":"Eyyubi–Memluk.","location":"Aclun","justification":"Memluklar kale ve hisarlarda eğitilir ve buralarda yaşardı. Aclun Kalesi, Suriye ile Mısır arasındaki ticaret yolunun üzerindeki konumuyla stratejik açıdan önemliydi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان يتم تدريب المماليك ووضعهم في القلاع والحصون. وهذه القلعة في عجلون ذات أهمية إستراتيجية إذ تقع على الطريق التجارية بين سورية ومصر.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluks were trained in and stationed at citadels and fortresses. This one at Ajlun was strategically important, situated on the trade route between Syria and Egypt."},"fr":{"justification":"Les Mamelouks étaient formés et cantonnés dans des citadelles et des forteresses. Celle-ci, à Ajloun, occupait une position stratégique cruciale sur la route commerciale entre la Syrie et l'Égypte."}}}]},{"id":"196db830-546b-584c-a36c-48974bbb7a0a","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_85","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:85","parent_id":"b1f3d679-a18b-5258-af5f-524e8530cb84","country_id":null,"display_order":2,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"dfeaa5f1-63bf-55dd-a784-98bce952f149","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8950fc03-b28f-511f-a308-62b4c38878fd.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Minbar*","date":"Circa AH 872–901 / AD 1468–96","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum","justification":"Die Moscheen der Mamluken waren im Inneren mit aufwändig gearbeiteten *Minbaren* für Predigten und Verkündungen ausgestattet."},"es":{"name":"Minbar","date":"872–901 de la Hégira / 1468–1496 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Victoria & Albert","justification":"Las mezquitas mamelucas se amueblaban con elaborados minbar (púlpitos) desde los que se pronunciaban los sermones y se hacían anuncios."},"it":{"name":"Minbar.","date":"Circa Egira 872–901 / d.C. 1468–96.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Le moschee mamelucche erano arredate con elaborati *minbar* (pulpiti) che venivano usati per i sermoni e gli annunci ufficiali."},"pt":{"name":"Minbar.","date":"c. 872–901  H./ 1468–96 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Victoria & Albert","justification":"*As mesquitas mamelucas eram providas de elaborados* minbar *(púlpitos), a partir dos quais se pronunciavam os sermões e se faziam anúncios.*"},"se":{"name":"Minbar.","date":"Ca 872–901 e.H./ 1468–96 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"London.","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Mamlukernas moskéer hade vackert utförda *minbar* (predikstolar) där predikningar och kungörelser lästes upp."},"tr":{"name":"Minber.","date":"H. 872–901 / M. 1468–96 civarı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Müzesi.","justification":"Memluk camileri, vaaz ve hutbelerin okunması için yaptırılan süslü minberlerle donatıldı."},"ar":{"justification":"جرى تجهيز المساجد المملوكية بمنابر منمَّقة مخصصة للخطب والبيانات."},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk mosques were furnished with elaborate *minbar*s (pulpits) which were commissioned for sermons and announcements."},"fr":{"justification":"Les mosquées mameloukes étaient meublées de *minbar* (chaires) au décor très travaillé d'où étaient prononcés sermons et annonces."}}},{"id":"4b8ffd8e-ec58-5468-9e97-3c950ff7e6c9","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/670c89c3-18d5-55b0-ae34-fde63709cf5c.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Moscheelampe","date":"AH erste Hälfte 8. Jahrhundert / AD erste Hälfte 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst – Staatliche Museen zu Berlin","justification":"Die Moscheen der Mamluken wurden mit gläsernen Lampen beleuchtet. Diese waren mit religiösen Versen bemalt, ihr Licht symbolisierte die spirituelle Erleuchtung durch Allah."},"es":{"name":"Lámpara de mezquita","date":"Primera mitad del siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Berlín","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico del Museo Pergamon","justification":"Las mezquitas mamelucas se decoraban con lámparas de cristal que llevaban versículos pintados en esmalte y brillaban para recordar la luz espiritual de Allah."},"it":{"name":"Lampada di moschea.","date":"Prima metà  del VIII secolo dell’Egira / prima metà  del XIV secolo d.C.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Berlino","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica al Pergamon Museum.","justification":"Le moschee mamelucche erano arredate con lampade di vetro che riportavano scritte smaltate di versi religiosi: luccicando alla luce della fiamma, simboleggiano la luce spirituale di Allah."},"pt":{"name":"Lâmpada de mesquita.","date":"Primeira metade do séc. VIII H. / Primeira metade do séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Berlim","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica do Museu Pergamon.","justification":"As mesquitas mamelucas eram decoradas com lâmpadas de vidro que tinham versículos pintados em esmalte e brilhavam para recordar a luz espiritual de Allah."},"se":{"name":"Moskélampa.","date":"Första hälften av 700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst i Pergamonmuseet.","justification":"Mamlukernas moskéer pryddes av glaslampor med religiösa verser i emaljmåleri. Lampornas sken var en symbol för Allahs andliga ljus."},"tr":{"name":"Cami kandili.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy ilk yarısı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Berlin","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi, Devlet Müzeleri.","justification":"Memluk camileri, üzerlerinde mineyle yazılmış dini sözler bulunan ve Allah'ın ilahi nurunu hatırlatarak parlayan cam kandillerle bezendi."},"ar":{"justification":"**جرى تجهيز المساجد المملوكية بالمصابيح الزجاجية المزينة بالنقوش الدينية، المكتوبة بأحرف ذهبية، لتضيء وتذكر بنور الله الروحي.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk mosques were decorated with glass lamps that had enamelled religious verses painted on them and which shone, recalling the spiritual light of Allah."},"fr":{"justification":"Les mosquées étaient décorées de lampes en verre peintes de versets religieux émaillés et qui, allumées, symbolisaient la lumière spirituelle dispensée par Allah."}}},{"id":"4e4e72ee-c59e-5dac-bbc4-668eefd07742","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/2d737406-762f-5866-9e6f-7edfee13b96b.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Medrese* al-Zahiriyya","date":"AH 676 / AD 1277","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Damaskus","justification":"*Sultan* Baybars I. übersetzte als erster die Ideologie der Mamluken in ein ehrgeiziges Bauprogramm."},"es":{"name":"Madrasa al-Zahiriyya","date":"676 de la Hégira / 1277 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","justification":"El sultán Baybars I fue el primero en plasmar la ideología mameluca en ambiciosas construcciones."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa al-Zahiriyya.","date":"Egira 676 / d.C. 1277.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Damasco","justification":"Il sultano Baybars I fu il primo a dar forma, con edifici ambiziosi, all’ideologia mamelucca."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa al-Zahiriyya.","date":"676 H./ 1277 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","justification":"O sultão Baybars I foi o primeiro a exprimir a ideologia mameluca em ambiciosas construções."},"se":{"name":"Madrasa al-Zahiriyya.","date":"676 e.H. / 1277 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Damaskus.","justification":"Sultanen Baybars I var den som först kom att uttrycka mamlukernas ideologi i form av ambitiösa arkitekturprojekt."},"tr":{"name":"Zahiriye Medresesi.","date":"H. 676 / M. 1277.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Şam","justification":"Sultan I. Baybars, Memluk ideolojisini heybetli binalarla ifade eden ilk kişiydi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان السلطان بيبرس الأول أول من عبَّر عن الإيديولوجيا المملوكية، من خلال المباني الفخمة**"},"en":{"justification":"Sultan Baybars I was the first to express Mamluk ideology in ambitious buildings."},"fr":{"justification":"Le sultan Baybars Ier fut le premier à exprimer l'idéologie mamelouke à travers d'ambitieux projets architecturaux."}}},{"id":"1757e7cf-1d29-556c-9e11-f2696aaa848e","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/1128c7f9-0348-524a-9636-79c696bc1578.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Medrese* und Moschee von *Sultan* Qaytbay","date":"AH 879 / AD 1474","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Im 15. Jahrhundert tat sich *Sultan* Qaytbay als besonders eifriger Förderer der Architektur hervor. Dieser Baukomplex ist seine größte Leistung."},"es":{"name":"Madrasa y mezquita del Sultán Qaytbay","date":"879 de la Hégira / 1474 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"En el siglo XV, el sultán Qaytbay demostró ser un mecenas de la arquitectura particularmente prolífico; este complejo fue su mayor obra."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa e Moschea del Sultan Qaytbay.","date":"Egira 879 / d.C. 1474.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Nel IX / XV secolo anche il sultano Qaytbay diede prova di grande e prolifico mecenatismo in architettura; questo complesso è il più alto risultato da lui ottenuto."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa e mesquita do sultão Qaytbay.","date":"879 H. / 1474 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"No século XV, o sultão Qaytbay mostrou ser um mecenas da arquitectura particularmente prolífico; este complexo foi a sua maior obra."},"se":{"name":"Sultan Qaytbays madrasa och moské.","date":"879 e.H./ 1474 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"En mycket aktiv mecenat under 800-talet / 1400-talet var sultanen Qaytbay, särskilt när det gällde arkitekturen; detta är den största anläggning som han lät uppföra."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Kayıtbay Medrese ve Camii.","date":"H. 879 / M. 1474.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Sultan Kayıtbay 15. yüzyılda mimarinin son derece üretken bir hamisi olarak karşımıza çıkar; bu külliye, onun en büyük başarısıdır."},"ar":{"justification":"**في القرن التاسع الهجري/الحادي عشر الميلادي، أثبت السلطان قلاوون أنه راعٍ استثنائي السخاء لفن العمارة؛ وهذا المجمع هو أكبر إنجازاته.**"},"en":{"justification":"In the 9th / 15th century, Sultan Qaytbay proved himself to be a particularly prolific patron of architecture; this complex is his greatest achievement."},"fr":{"justification":"Au IXe/XVe siècle, le sultan Qaytbay fut un mécène particulièrement généreux dans le domaine de l'architecture. Ce complexe est sa plus grande réussite."}}}]},{"id":"ecc4b251-5132-548b-b9cd-828061e0469f","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_89","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:89","parent_id":"0d96fdda-709f-55ff-974d-36ce25e67b8e","country_id":null,"display_order":2,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"d3e97cb9-b719-5030-a1ad-fcf4a66357e9","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8f7ecdd9-669b-5390-857f-f58094d25394.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Zwei Elfenbeintafeln","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"The British Museum","justification":"Diese Elfenbeintafeln symbolisieren die friedliche Koexistenz von Christen und Muslimen in der mamlukischen Gesellschaft."},"es":{"name":"Dos placas de marfil","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Británico","justification":"Estas placas de marfil simbolizan la coexistencia pacífica entre cristianos y musulmanes en la sociedad mameluca."},"it":{"name":"Due pannelli in avorio.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Questi pannelli in avorio simboleggiano la pacifica coesistenza fra cristiani e musulmani nella società mamelucca."},"pt":{"name":"Duas placas de marfim.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Britânico.","justification":"Estas placas de marfim simbolizam a coexistência pacífica entre cristãos e muçulmanos na sociedade mameluca."},"se":{"name":"Två elfenbensplattor.","date":"700-talet e.H./1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiska.","location":"London.","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Elfenbensplattor som symboliserar den fredliga samexistensen mellan kristna och muslimer i mamluksamhället."},"tr":{"name":"Fildişi levhalar.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"The British Museum.","justification":"Bu fildişi levhalar, Memluk toplumunda Hıristiyanlarla Müslümanlar arasındaki huzur dolu beraberliği simgeliyor."},"ar":{"justification":"**ترمز هذه الألواح العاجية إلى التعايش السلمي بين المسيحيين والمسلمين في المجتمع المملوكي.**"},"en":{"justification":"These ivory panels symbolise the peaceful co-existence between Christians and Muslims in Mamluk society."},"fr":{"justification":"Ces panneaux en ivoire illustrent la coexistence pacifique entre les chrétiens et les musulmans dans la société mamelouke."}}},{"id":"2629b350-95bd-5146-a57b-012dc58189ed","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/0f2ab5c2-c4df-5375-a55e-e23e92787590.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Nische aus einem Samaritaner-Haus","date":"AH 10. Jahrhundert / AD 16. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken und Osmanen","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst – Staatliche Museen zu Berlin","justification":"Neuerungen der muslimischen Mamluken im Bereich der Kunst wurden von anderen Religionsgemeinschaften übernommen."},"es":{"name":"Nicho de una casa samaritana","date":"Siglo X de la Hégira / XVI d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos, otomanos.","location":"Berlín","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico del Museo Pergamon","justification":"Las tendencias estilísticas que introdujeron los musulmanes mamelucos fueron adoptadas por otras comunidades."},"it":{"name":"Nicchia di una casa samaritana.","date":"Egira X secolo / d.C. XVI secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca e ottomana.","location":"Berlino","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica al Pergamon Museum.","justification":"Nuovi orientamenti stilistici introdotti da mamelucchi musulmani erano adottati anche da altre comunità."},"pt":{"name":"Nicho de uma casa samaritana","date":"Séc. X H. / séc. XVI d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos e Otomanos.","location":"Berlim","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica do Museu Pergamon.","justification":"As tendências estilísticas que os muçulmanos mamelucos introduziram foram adoptadas por outras comunidades."},"se":{"name":"Bönenisch från ett samaritiskt hus.","date":"900-talet e.H. / 1500-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk och ottomansk","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst i Pergamonmuseet.","justification":"Konststilar som hade introducerats av de muslimska mamlukerna övertogs också av andra samhällen."},"tr":{"name":"Samariten evinden niş.","date":"H. 10. yy / M. 16. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk ve Osmanlı.","location":"Berlin","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi, Devlet Müzeleri.","justification":"Müslüman Memlukların geliştirdiği üsluplar, başka topluluklarca da benimsendi."},"ar":{"justification":"**جرى تبني نزعات أسلوبية من ابتكار مماليك مسلمين من قبل طوائف أخرى.**"},"en":{"justification":"Stylistic trends introduced by Muslim Mamluks were also adopted by other communities."},"fr":{"justification":"Certaines tendances stylistiques introduites par les Mamelouks musulmans furent adoptées par d'autres communautés religieuses."}}},{"id":"92d942fe-2bc5-5d4f-9f93-e15c911e7d1c","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/f2d11b67-3031-5c40-854d-67d1b5e04117.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Schüssel mit Füßen","date":"AH Mitte 8. Jahrhundert / AD Mitte 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Edinburgh","museum":"Königliches Museum, Staatliche Museen Schottland","justification":"Viele *Kopten* waren äußerst produktive Töpfer und stellten in ihren Werkstätten in Fustat eine Vielzahl verschiedener Waren her."},"es":{"name":"Cuenco con pie","date":"Mediados del siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Edimburgo","museum":"Museos Nacionales de Escocia (NMS)","justification":"Muchos coptos fueron prolíficos ceramistas y produjeron una gran variedad de objetos en sus talleres de Fustat, cerca de El Cairo."},"it":{"name":"Ciotola con piedi.","date":"Egira, metà VIII secolo / d.C. metà XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Edinburgo","museum":"Royal Museum, National Museums of Scotland (NMS).","justification":"Molti copti erano dediti alla fabbricazione della ceramica e producevano vari tipi di oggetti nei loro laboratori di Fustat nei pressi del Cairo."},"pt":{"name":"Taça.","date":"Meados do séc. VIII H. / meados do séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Edimburgo","museum":"Museu Real, Museus Nacionais da Escócia (NMS).","justification":"Muitos coptas foram prolíficos ceramistas e produziram uma grande variedade de objectos nas suas olarias de Fustat, perto do Cairo."},"se":{"name":"Skål på fot.","date":"Mitten av 700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Edinburgh.","museum":"Royal Museum, National Museums of Scotland (NMS).","justification":"Många keramiker var kopter, och i deras verkstäder i Fustat nära Kairo producerades ett rikt varierat utbud av keramiskt gods."},"tr":{"name":"Ayaklı kâse.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy ortası.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Edinburgh","museum":"Kraliyet Müzesi, İskoçya Ulusal Müzeleri.","justification":"Koptların çoğu, Kahire yakınındaki Fustat'ta bulunan atölyelerinde çok çeşitli ürünler yaratan üretken çömlekçilerdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان عدد كبير من الأقباط خزافين غزيري الإنتاج، إذ صنعوا العديد من الأواني في ورشاتهم بالفسطاط، القريبة من القاهرة.**"},"en":{"justification":"Many of the Copts were prolific potters, producing a variety of wares in their workshops in Fustat near Cairo."},"fr":{"justification":"De nombreux coptes étaient des potiers prolifiques, qui fabriquaient toute une gamme de produits dans leurs ateliers de Fustat près du Caire."}}},{"id":"e1bda161-d9ba-562d-9078-9d5793a2b451","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8787dffc-ed2f-58e0-a70b-702e855b4036.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Schüssel","date":"AH 8–9. Jahrhundert / AD 14–15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Amman","museum":"Jordanisches Archäologisches Museum","justification":"Unter den Mamluken erzeugten muslimische und christliche Töpfer die verschiedensten Waren. Sie wurden im gesamten Reich verkauft."},"es":{"name":"Cuenco","date":"Siglo VIII o IX de la Hégira / XIV o XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Ammán","museum":"Museo Arqueológico de Jordania","justification":"Los ceramistas de la época mameluca, musulmanes y cristianos, fabricaron abundantes artículos que se distribuyeron por todo el Imperio."},"it":{"name":"Ciotola.","date":"Egira secoli VIII–IX / d.C. secoliXIV–XV.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Amman","museum":"Museo Archeologico di Giordania.","justification":"I ceramisti di epoca mamelucca, musulmani e cristiani, producevano una grande varietà di oggetti commerciati in tutto l’impero."},"pt":{"name":"Taça.","date":"Séc. VIII-IX H. / XIV-XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Amã","museum":"Museu Arqueológico da Jordânia.","justification":"Os ceramistas da época mameluca, muçulmanos e cristãos, fabricaram abundantes artigos que se distribuíram por todo o Império."},"se":{"name":"Skål.","date":"700-800-talet e.H. / 1300-1400-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Amman","museum":"Jordaniens arkeologiska museum.","justification":"Mamlukiska keramiker, både muslimer och kristna, tillverkade en mängd olika slags keramiskt gods som distribuerades över hela riket."},"tr":{"name":"Kâse.","date":"H. 8–9. yy / M. 14–15. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Amman","museum":"Ürdün Arkeoloji Müzesi.","justification":"Müslüman ve Hıristiyan Memluk çömlekçileri, devletin her yerine dağıtılan sayısız ürünler üretirdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**أنتج خزافون مملوكيون، مسلمون ومسيحيون، وفرة من الأواني التي كانت تُوزع على طول البلاد وعرضها.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk potters, Muslim and Christian, produced a plethora of wares that were distributed all over the empire."},"fr":{"justification":"L'abondante et très diverse production des potiers mamelouks, musulmans et chrétiens était diffusée dans tout l'empire."}}},{"id":"568ea72c-15dd-54c9-b0ee-2ca218f47449","display_order":5,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/d3b3b260-2334-54cd-b855-04311d8a8d60.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Aufbewahrungskrug","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum","justification":"Der Gewürzhandel war oft das Spezialgebiet einer bestimmten ethnischen oder religiösen Gruppe. Gewürze wurden gewöhnlich in solchen Töpfen aufbewahrt."},"es":{"name":"Vasija de almacenamiento","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Victoria & Albert","justification":"El comercio de especias solía ser exclusivo de algún grupo étnico o religioso; normalmente, las especias se guardaban en frascos parecidos a este."},"it":{"name":"Contenitore per magazzino.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Spesso le varie comunità etniche o religiose si specializzavano nel commercio di determinate spezie che venivano conservate in giare simili a questa."},"pt":{"name":"Jarra de armazenamento.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Victoria & Albert","justification":"O comércio das especiarias era habitualmente exclusivo de um grupo étnico ou religioso; normalmente, as especiarias guardavam-se em jarras como esta."},"se":{"name":"Förvaringskärl.","date":"700-talet e.H./ 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"London.","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Handeln med kryddor var ofta en specialitet för särskilda etniska eller religiösa grupper; kryddor brukade lagras i krukor av det slag som syns här på bilden."},"tr":{"name":"Kavanoz.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Müzesi.","justification":"Baharat ticareti, çoğunlukla belli bir etnik veya dini grubun uğraştığı bir işti; baharatlar, genellikle buna benzer kavanozlarda saklanırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**في الغالب، كانت تجارة التوابل من اختصاص طائفة عرقية أو دينية معينة؛ وكانت تخزن عموماً في جرار شبيهة بهذه.**"},"en":{"justification":"The spice trade was often the speciality of a particular ethnic or religious community; spices were generally stored in jars similar to the one seen here."},"fr":{"justification":"Le commerce des épices était souvent l'apanage d'une communauté ethnique ou religieuse particulière. Les épices étaient généralement conservées dans des jarres similaires à ce modèle."}}}]},{"id":"906067fa-11f7-54b0-a094-74a0bbde97ff","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_92","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:92","parent_id":"5fece024-c74e-561d-b95d-491951907de9","country_id":null,"display_order":2,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"34df1c16-bb7b-5506-b850-656c4bb0f8aa","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/735b96e7-2311-5f61-a94e-6882bc377b56.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Gebäudekomplex von *Sultan* al-Mansur Qalawun (Mausoleum, *Medrese* und Krankenhaus)","date":"AH 684 / AD 1285","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Das *Bimaristan* von Qalawun war bahnbrechend in der Qualität seiner medizinischen Behandlung und Lehre."},"es":{"name":"Complejo del Sultán al-Mansur Qalawun (mausoleo, madrasa y hospital)","date":"684 de la Hégira / 1285 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"*El* bimaristan *Qalawun fue pionero por las excelentes enseñanzas y atención médicas que ofrecía.*"},"it":{"name":"Complesso del Sultano al-Mansur Qalawun (Mausoleo, Madrasa e Ospedalel).","date":"Egira 684 / d.C. 1285.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Il Bimaristan Qalawun era di importanza fondamentale per le eccellenti cure mediche prestate e per l’insegnamento."},"pt":{"name":"Complexo do sultão al-Mansur Qalawun (mausoléu, madrasa e hospital).","date":"684 H. / 1285 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"O *bimaristan* Qalawun foi pioneiro pelo excelente ensino e cuidados médicos que oferecia."},"se":{"name":"Sultan al-Mansur Qalawuns anläggning (mausoleum, madrasa och sjukhus).","date":"684 e.H. / 1285 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Qalawuns *bimaristan* var banbrytande när det gällde sjukvård och medicinsk undervisning."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Mansur Kalavun Külliyesi","date":"H. 684 / M. 1285.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Kalavun Bimaristanı, mükemmel tıbbi eğitimi ve bakımı ile bir öncüydü."},"ar":{"justification":"**شكل بيمارستان قلاوون اختراقاً على صعيد التميز في الرعاية والتعليم الطبيين.**"},"en":{"justification":"Bimaristan Qalawun was groundbreaking in its excellent medical care and teaching."},"fr":{"justification":"Le *bimaristan* de Qalawun était à l'avant-garde de l'excellence des soins médicaux et de l'enseignement."}}},{"id":"6715407f-b342-563a-93a9-19999a803271","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/09cffb1b-c40b-5d86-9302-dfd490452917.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Medrese* al-Gawhariyya in der al-Azhar- Moschee","date":"AH 844 / AD 1440","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Die *Medrese* war eine Erweiterung der bestehenden Moschee und eine Stiftung des *Emirs* Gawhar al-Qunqubai, des Schatzmeisters von *Sultan* Barsbay (1422-38). Heute ist sie ein Teil der Azhar-Moschee bzw. -Universität."},"es":{"name":"Madrasa al-Gawhariyya, en la mezquita al-Azhar","date":"844 de la Hégira / 1440 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"La madrasa se añadió a la mezquita gracias al patrocinio del emir Yawhar al-Qunqubai, tesorero del sultán Barsbay (r. 1422–1438). Hoy en día, el complejo se conoce como mezquita y universidad de al-Azhar."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa al-Gawhariyya dentro la moschea Al-Azhar.","date":"Egira 844 / d.C. 1440.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"La *madrasa* fu aggiunta alla moschea per intervento dell'emiro Gawhar al-Qunqubai, tesoriere del sultano Barsbay (825–41 / 1422–38). Oggi sono diventate famose come Università e Moschea di al-Azhar."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa al-Gawhariyya, no interior da mesquita Al-Azhar.","date":"844 H. / 1440 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"A *madrasa* acrescentou-se à mesquita graças ao patrocínio do emir Yawhar al-Qunqubai, tesoureiro do sultão Barsbay (r. 1422-1438). Hoje em dia, o complexo é conhecido como mesquita e universidade de al-Azhar."},"se":{"name":"Al-Gawhariyya-madrasan inne i Al-Azhar-moskén.","date":"844 e.H. / 1440 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Denna *madrasa* byggdes som ett tillägg till moskén med hjälp av bidrag från emiren Gawhar al-Qunqubai som var skattmästare åt sultanen Barsbay (825-41 / 1422-38). Numera är den en del av al-Azharmoskén och dess universitet."},"tr":{"name":"Ezher Cami içerisinde Gevheriye Medresesi.","date":"H. 844 / M. 1440.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Bu medrese, Sultan Barsbay (hd. 1422–38)'ın hazinedarı Emir Gevher el-Kunkubay'ın himayesiyle camiye eklenmiştir. Bugün, Ezher Camii ve Üniversitesi olarak bilinir."},"ar":{"justification":"**تمَّت إضافة المدرسة إلى المسجد، بفضل رعاية الأمير جوهر القنقبائي، أمين صندوق السلطان بارسباي (حكم ما بين عامي 825–841 هـ/1422–1438 م). ويعرف المجمَّع اليوم باسم جامع الأزهر وجامعته.**"},"en":{"justification":"The *madrasa* was added onto the mosque through the patronage of *amir* Gawhar al-Qunquba’i, treasurer to Sultan Barsbay (825–41 / 1422–38). Today it is known as al-Azhar Mosque and University."},"fr":{"justification":"Cette *madrasa* a été ajoutée à la mosquée grâce au mécénat de l'émir Gawhar al-Qunquba'i, trésorier du sultan Barsbay (r. 825-841/1422-1438). Aujourd'hui, l'ensemble est appelé mosquée et université al-Azhar."}}},{"id":"5d530e40-18f0-5e71-b689-999b1ed68ae4","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/39ed73b9-6cca-5c25-ac1b-850f72ad2c19.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Medizinisches Rezept","date":"AH 9. Jahrhundert / AD 15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Ein Rezept, das von einem Arzt im *Bimaristan* von *Sultan* Qalawun ausgestellt wurde."},"es":{"name":"Receta médica","date":"Siglo IX de la Hégira / XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"Receta médica extendida por el director del *bimaristan* Qalawun."},"it":{"name":"Prescrizione medica.","date":"Egira IX secolo / d.C. XV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Una prescrizione medica scritta dal direttore del Bimaristan Qalawun."},"pt":{"name":"Receita médica.","date":"Séc. IX H. / XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"Receita médica passada pelo director do *bimaristan* Qalawun."},"se":{"name":"Medicinrecept.","date":"800-talet e.H. / 1400-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"Ett recept utskrivet av sjukhusdirektören i *Bimaristan* Qalawun."},"tr":{"name":"Tıbbi reçete.","date":"H. 9. yy / M. 15. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Kalavun Bimaristanı'nın başhekimi tarafından yazılmış bir reçete."},"ar":{"justification":"**وصفة طبية صادرة عن مدير بيمارستان قلاوون.**"},"en":{"justification":"A medical prescription issued by the director of the Bimaristan Qalawun."},"fr":{"justification":"Une prescription médicale émise par le directeur du *bimaristan* Qalawun."}}}]},{"id":"929519b4-bcdf-5831-adb9-06ef4ef80b6b","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_96","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:96","parent_id":"282bf248-cb40-5b24-9d50-166d75b8a10e","country_id":null,"display_order":2,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"bea26544-aced-52fd-b07c-079721229f74","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/5f36bd4c-1d48-59e0-838c-d6a82e9a2352.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Suq al-Qattanin (Markt der Baumwollhändler)","date":"AH 737 / AD 1336–7","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","justification":"Der überdachte *Suq* al-Qattanin in Jerusalem wurde von *Sultan* Qalawun in Auftrag gegeben."},"es":{"name":"Suq al-Qattanin (zoco de los Comerciantes de Algodón)","date":"737 de la Hégira / 1336–1337 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","justification":"El zoco cubierto del complejo al-Qattanin (Jerusalén) se creó por encargo del sultán Qalawun."},"it":{"name":"Suq al-Qattanin (Mercato del Cotone).","date":"Egira 737 / d.C. 1336–7.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","justification":"Il mercato coperto del complesso al-Qattanin a Gerusalemme fu commissionato dal sultano Qalawun."},"pt":{"name":"Suq al-Qattanin (mercado dos comerciantes de algodão).","date":"737 H. / 1336–7 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","justification":"O *suq* coberto do complexo al-Qattanin (Jerusalém) foi criado por encomenda do sultão Qalawun."},"se":{"name":"Suq al-Qattanin (Bomullshandlarnas marknad).","date":"737 e.H. / 1336–7 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Jerusalem.","justification":"Al-Qattanins övertäckta suq i Jerusalem är en anläggning som ombesörjdes av sultanen Qalawun."},"tr":{"name":"Suk el-Kattanin.","date":"H. 737 / M. 1336–37.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","justification":"Kudüs'teki üstü kapalı el-Kettenin yani pamuk tüccarları çarşısı, Sultan Kalavun tarafından yaptırıldı."},"ar":{"justification":"**بُني مجمع سوق القطَّانين المغطى في القدس من قبل السلطان قلاوون.**"},"en":{"justification":"The covered Suq al-Qattanin Complex in Jerusalem was commissioned by Sultan Qalawun."},"fr":{"justification":"Le complexe couvert du souk al-Qattanine à Jérusalem a été commandité par le sultan Qalawun."}}},{"id":"bc013c86-0f26-5f80-ae32-0ad8f6ccb5e5","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ea8606bd-bfb4-55e1-853a-e03d8134ca51.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Pfanne einer Waage","date":"AH 9. Jahrhundert / AD 15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Edinburgh","museum":"Königliches Museum, Staatliche Museen Schottland","justification":"Waagschalen waren wichtige Werkzeuge in den *Suqs* und *Khanen* mamlukischer Städte."},"es":{"name":"Platillo de balanza","date":"Siglo IX de la Hégira / XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Edimburgo","museum":"Museos Nacionales de Escocia (NMS)","justification":"En los zocos y jan *de las ciudades mamelucas, las balanzas eran instrumentos esenciales.*"},"it":{"name":"Piatto di bilancia.","date":"Egira IX secolo / d.C. XV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Edinburgo","museum":"Royal Museum, National Museums of Scotland (NMS).","justification":"I piatti di bilancia erano accessori di primaria importanza nei *suq e* nei *khan* delle città mamelucche."},"pt":{"name":"Prato de balança.","date":"Séc. IX H. / séc. XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Edimburgo","museum":"Museu Real, Museus Nacionais da Escócia (NMS).","justification":"Nos *suq* e *khan* das cidades mamelucas, as balanças eram instrumentos essenciais."},"se":{"name":"Vågskål.","date":"800-talet e.H. / 1400-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Edinburgh.","museum":"Royal Museum, National Museums of Scotland (NMS).","justification":"Vågskålarna var viktiga redskap i de mamlukiska städernas *suq* och *khan*."},"tr":{"name":"Terazi kefesi.","date":"H. 9. yy / M. 15. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Edinburgh","museum":"Kraliyet Müzesi, İskoçya Ulusal Müzeleri.","justification":"Ağırlık ölçmeye yaran bu terazi kefesi, Memluk kentlerindeki çarşı ve hanlarda kullanılan önemli gereçlerdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت كِفّات الميزان أدوات أساسية في أسواق المدن المملوكية وخاناتها.**"},"en":{"justification":"Scale-pans were essential tools in the *suq*s and *khan*s of Mamluk cities."},"fr":{"justification":"Les balances étaient des accessoires essentiels au commerce dans les souks et les *khan* des villes mameloukes."}}},{"id":"dba5d352-7562-5547-8859-795834833d9c","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ef7ade68-3d64-52c2-bea2-949707c40d47.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Wikala (*Karawanserei*) von al-Ghuri","date":"AH 909–10 / AD 1503–05","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Der *Wikala* von *Sultan* al-Ghuri ersetzte den *Khan* al-Khalili in Kairo. Es umfasste Geschäfte, sichere Warenlager und Unterkünfte für Kaufleute."},"es":{"name":"Caravasar (wikala) de al-Guri","date":"909–910 de la Hégira / 1503–1505 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"*Wikala* que construyó el sultán al-Guri para sustituir el de Jan al-Jalili en El Cairo y que albergaba tiendas, almacenes seguros y alojamiento para los mercaderes."},"it":{"name":"Wikala (caravanserraglio) di al-Ghuri.","date":"Egira 909–10 / d.C. 1503–5.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Il *wikala* fatto costruire dal sultano al-Ghuri per sostituire Khan al-Khalili al Cairo, offriva negozi per la vendita, ripari sicuri per lo stoccaggio delle merci e l'alloggio per i mercanti."},"pt":{"name":"Wikala (caravanserai) de al-Ghuri.","date":"909–10 H. / 1503–5 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"*Wikala* construída pelo sultão al-Guri para substituir o *khan* al-Jalili, no Cairo, que albergava lojas, armazéns seguros e alojamento para os mercadores."},"se":{"name":"Al-Ghuris wikala (karavanseralj).","date":"909–10 e.H. / 1503–5 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Den *wikala* som byggdes av sultanen al-Ghuri för att ersätta *khan* al-Khalili i Kairo erbjöd både affärslokaler, säkra lagerutrymmen och husrum för köpmännen."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Gavri Vikalası (kervansarayı).","date":"H. 909–10 / M. 1503–5.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Sultan Gavri tarafından Kahire'deki Halili Hanı'nın yerini alması için yaptırılan bu *vikala*da, dükkânlar, güvenli depolar ve tüccarlar için konaklama yerleri bulunuyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"**ضمت الوكالة التي شادها السلطان الغوري لتحل محل خان الخليلي في القاهرة محلات بيع ومستودعات آمنة وأمكنة إقامة للتجار.**"},"en":{"justification":"The *wikala* built by Sultan al-Ghuri to replace Khan al-Khalili in Cairo combined shops, secure stores and lodgings for merchants."},"fr":{"justification":"La *wikala* édifiée par le sultan al-Ghouri pour remplacer le *khan* al-Khalili au Caire regroupait des boutiques, des entrepôts sécurisés et des logements pour les marchands."}}}]},{"id":"b1f3d679-a18b-5258-af5f-524e8530cb84","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_theme_35","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_themes:35","parent_id":"217482b1-7626-531f-8ca9-51c2f680fe3d","country_id":null,"display_order":2,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[]},{"id":"710d70c6-b797-5eef-a871-46a1465067fa","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_82","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:82","parent_id":"e69dcd7a-5d1d-5edb-ae45-6bb6e2a8c847","country_id":null,"display_order":3,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"06a78daa-be7f-5db5-908f-e05f2ebfb0b5","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/5c7ddd9b-07c2-56d3-9f92-6efa7b6050b5.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Ayla (Aqaba)","date":"AH 1. Jahrhundert / AD Mitte 7. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Islamisch, vor den Umayyaden","location":"Aqaba","justification":"Die Mamluken bauten in der Nähe von Ayla (Aqaba) eine Burg, um den Golf von Aqaba am Roten Meer zu sichern."},"es":{"name":"Ayla","date":"Siglo I de la Hégira / mediados del VII d. C.","dynasty":"Antes de los omeyas.","location":"Aqaba","justification":"Los mamelucos construyeron un castillo cerca de Ayla para controlar el golfo de Aqaba, en el mar Rojo."},"it":{"name":"Ayla (Aqaba).","date":"Egira I secolo / d.C. metà del VII secolo","dynasty":"Epoca islamica, pre-omayyade.","location":"Aqaba","justification":"I Mamelucchi costruirono un castello nei pressi di Ayla a guardia del Golfo di Aqaba nel Mar Rosso."},"pt":{"name":"Ayla (Aqaba).","date":"Séc. I H. / meados do séc. VII d.C.","dynasty":"Islâmico, pré-omeia.","location":"Aqaba","justification":"Os mamelucos construíram um castelo perto de Ayla para controlarem o golfo de Aqaba, no Mar Vermelho."},"se":{"name":"Ayla (Aqaba).","date":"Första århundradet e.H./ 600-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Islamisk, före umayyadernas tid.","location":"Aqaba.","justification":"Mamlukerna byggde en borg vid Ayla för att kunna bevaka Aqabaviken vid Röda Havet."},"tr":{"name":"Ayla (Akabe).","date":"H. 1. yy / M. 7. yy ortası.","dynasty":"Emevi öncesi erken İslam dönemi","location":"Akabe","justification":"Memluklar, Kızıldeniz'deki Akabe Körfezini denetim altına almak için Ayla yakınlarında bir kale kurdu."},"ar":{"justification":"**قام المماليك ببناء قلعة بالقرب من أيلة لمراقبة خليج العقبة المتصل بالبحر الأحمر.**"},"en":{"justification":"The Mamluks built a castle near Ayla to oversee the Gulf of Aqaba on the Red Sea."},"fr":{"justification":"Pour surveiller le golfe d'Aqaba sur la mer Rouge, les Mamelouks érigèrent un château près d'Ayla."}}},{"id":"b20793d5-1141-55aa-a80e-ab4725d92f81","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/f2134996-a33b-597b-83a4-f09173cc55e2.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Türme der Zitadelle von Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi: Burg al-Ramla und Burg al-Haddad","date":"AH 579 / AD 1184","dynasty":"Ayyubiden","location":"Kairo","justification":"Die Zitadelle verkörperte die militärische und politische Macht der Mamluken-*Sultane* und ihres Reichs."},"es":{"name":"Torres (bury) al-Ramla y al-Haddad de la ciudadela de Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi","date":"579 de la Hégira / 1184 d. C.","dynasty":"Ayyubíes.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"La ciudadela representaba el poder militar y político del sultán mameluco y su imperio."},"it":{"name":"Torri della Cittadella di Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi: Burg al-Ramla e Burg al-Haddad.","date":"Egira 579 / d.C. 1184.","dynasty":"Ayyubide.","location":"Cairo","justification":"La cittadella rappresentò il potere militare e politico del sultano mamelucco e del suo impero."},"pt":{"name":"Torres da cidadela de Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi: Burj al-Ramla e Burj al-Haddad.","date":"579 H. / 1184 d.C.","dynasty":"Ayyubidas.","location":"Cairo","justification":"A cidadela representava o poder militar e político do sultão mameluco e do seu império."},"se":{"name":"Tornen i Salah al-Din al Ayyubis citadell: Burg al-Ramla och Burg al-Haddad.","date":"579 e.H. / 1184 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Ayyubiderna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Citadellet var ett uttryck för den militära och politiska makt som mamluksultanen och hans rike hade."},"tr":{"name":"Salaheddin Eyyubi Kalesi burçları: Ramla ve Haddad Burçları.","date":"H. 579 / M. 1184.","dynasty":"Eyyubi.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Kaleler, Memluk sultanının ve devletinin askeri ve siyasi gücünü bünyelerinde barındırıyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"كانت القلعة تجسيداً لنفوذ السلطان المملوكي ودولته على الصعيدين العسكري والسياسي. ."},"en":{"justification":"The citadel embodied the military and political power of the Mamluk sultan and his empire."},"fr":{"justification":"La citadelle incarnait le pouvoir militaire et politique du sultan mamelouk et de son empire."}}},{"id":"23643565-2f67-5fbb-a44a-abd9cfd3771f","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/34d4d393-54a7-5082-9b65-bc27d9231f74.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Burg Karak","date":"AH 6.–8. Jahrhundert / AD 12. –14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Kreuzfahrer / Ayyubiden / Mamluken","location":"Karak","justification":"Die Burg Karak wurde von Kreuzfahrern gebaut und wuchs unter den Mamluken zu einer kleinen Stadt."},"es":{"name":"Castillo de Karak","date":"Siglos VI–VIII de la Hégira / XII –XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Cruzados, ayyubíes, mamelucos.","location":"Karak","justification":"El castillo de Karak, construido por los francos, fue ampliado en época mameluca hasta convertirse en una pequeña ciudad."},"it":{"name":"Castello di Karak.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XII –XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca delle Crociate, Ayyubide–Mamelucca.","location":"Karak","justification":"Il castello di Karak, costruito dai Franchi, crebbe fino a diventare una piccola città in epoca mamelucca."},"pt":{"name":"Castelo de Karak.","date":"Séculos VI-VIII H. / XII-XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Cruzados, Ayyubidas–Mamelucos.","location":"Karak","justification":"O castelo de Karak, construído pelos francos, foi ampliado na época mameluca até se converter numa pequena cidade."},"se":{"name":"Borgen i Karak.","date":"500- 700-talet e.H. / 1100- 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Korstågstiden, ayyubidisk–mamlukisk tid.","location":"Karak.","justification":"Borgen Karak, som hade byggts av frankerna, växte ut till en mindre stad under mamluktiden."},"tr":{"name":"Kerak Kalesi.","date":"H. 6.–8. yy / M. 12.–14. yy.","dynasty":"Haçlı, Eyyubi–Memluk.","location":"Kerak","justification":"Frenkler tarafından inşa edilen Kerak Kalesi, Memluk döneminde küçük bir şehir halini aldı."},"ar":{"justification":"**بنيت قلعة الكرك** **من طرف الفرنجة، ونمت حتى باتت أشبه بمدينة صغيرة أيام المماليك.**"},"en":{"justification":"Karak Castle, built by the Franks, grew to resemble a small city in Mamluk times."},"fr":{"justification":"Sous les Mamelouks, le château de Karak, édifié par les Francs, finit par ressembler à une petite ville."}}},{"id":"93fcd379-1558-5fc1-bb67-2850f4814fa0","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/98faa8d0-7d4e-5caa-a632-11efb60b3a73.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Zitadelle von Qaytbay","date":"AH 884 / AD 1479","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Alexandria","justification":"Dieser Zitadellenkomplex in Alexandria wurde gebaut, um den wichtigsten Meereshafen Ägyptens zu verteidigen."},"es":{"name":"Ciudadela de Qaytbay","date":"884 de la Hégira / 1479 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Alejandría","justification":"Esta fortaleza se construyó para defender el puerto marítimo más importante de Egipto, Alejandría."},"it":{"name":"Cittadella di Qaytbay.","date":"Egira 884 / d.C. 1479.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Alessandria","justification":"Le fortificazioni della cittadella furono costruite per difendere il più importante porto d’Egitto: Alessandria."},"pt":{"name":"Cidadela de Qaytbay.","date":"884 H. / 1479 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Alexandria","justification":"Esta fortaleza foi construída para defender o porto marítimo mais importante do Egipto, Alexandria."},"se":{"name":"Qaytbays citadell.","date":"884 e.H. / 1479 Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Alexandria.","justification":"Denna citadellanläggning konstruerades för att försvara Egyptens viktigaste hamn: Alexandria."},"tr":{"name":"Kayıtbay Kalesi.","date":"H. 884 / M. 1479.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"İskenderiye","justification":"Bu hisar, Mısır'daki en önemli limanı, yani İskenderiye'yi savunmak için inşa edildi."},"ar":{"justification":"**شُيدَ هذا المجمع الحصين للدفاع عن الإسكندرية أحد أهم الموانئ البحرية في مصر.**"},"en":{"justification":"This citadel-complex was constructed in order to defend the most important sea port in Egypt: Alexandria."},"fr":{"justification":"Cette citadelle, élément d'un vaste complexe, fut édifiée pour défendre Alexandrie, le plus important port d'Égypte."}}}]},{"id":"17b8ce1b-11e8-500c-ba13-dd3af722e3b4","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_86","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:86","parent_id":"b1f3d679-a18b-5258-af5f-524e8530cb84","country_id":null,"display_order":3,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[{"url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/custom/exhibition/39.jpg","alt_text":null,"display_order":1}],"items":[{"id":"d5f6e50a-98c0-5ed7-8aca-8f6313966465","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"caption":{"de":{"name":"Becken","date":"Circa AH 692–743 / AD 1293–1341","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"The British Museum","justification":"Der Glanz des Mamluken-*Sultans* sollte sich in Luxusgegenständen an seinem Hof – darunter auch in dieser reich dekorierten Waschschüssel – spiegeln."},"es":{"name":"Jofaina","date":"692–743 de la Hégira / 1293–1341 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Brtiánico","justification":"El esplendor del sultán mameluco se hacía evidente en los lujosos objetos de que se rodeaba en palacio, como esta jofaina de exquisita decoración."},"it":{"name":"Bacinella.","date":"Circa Egira 692–743 / d.C. 1293–1341.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"La magnificenza del sultano mamelucco doveva riflettersi nel lusso degli oggetti di cui si circondava a corte, come ad esempio questa bacinella per lavarsi, sfarzosamente decorata."},"pt":{"name":"Bacia.","date":"c. 692–743 H. / 1293–1341 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Britânico.","justification":"O esplendor do sultão era evidenciado pelos luxuosos objectos de que se rodeava no palácio, como esta bacia de refinada decoração."},"se":{"name":"Tvättfat.","date":"Ca 692–743 e.H./ 1293–1341 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"London.","museum":"The British Museum.","justification":"Mamluksultanens lyskraft blev ännu tydligare genom alla de lyxföremål som han omgav sig med i hovlivet, som detta rikt dekorerade handfat."},"tr":{"name":"Leğen.","date":"H. 692–743 / M. 1293–1341 civarı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"The British Museum.","justification":"Memluk sultanlarının ihtişamı, zengin süslemeli bu leğen gibi, sarayda onları çevreleyen lüks objelerde ifade bulurdu."},"ar":{"justification":"تجلَّى بهاء السلطان المملوكي في أسباب الترف التي أحاطت ببلاطه، مثل الطست الغني بالزخارف المخصص للغسيل."},"en":{"justification":"The splendour of the Mamluk sultan was evident in the luxurious objects that surrounded him at court, such as this richly decorated basin for washing."},"fr":{"justification":"La splendeur du sultan se traduit dans les luxueux objets qui l'entourent, comme cette vasque à ablutions richement décorée."}}},{"id":"82623a18-7533-59e9-b6b9-13cb371445c3","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/e5b84d31-8f04-5861-94ca-73240865912b.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Parfumzerstäuber","date":"AH 698–708 / AD 1299–1309 oder AH 709–741 / AD 1309–40","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Ein luxuriöser Wasserzerstäuber wie dieser diente der Körperhygiene des *Sultans.*"},"es":{"name":"Perfumador","date":"698–708 o 709–741 de la Hégira / 1299–1309 o 1309–1340 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"Para su higiene personal, el sultán utilizaba suntuosos perfumadores como este."},"it":{"name":"Spruzzatore di profumo.","date":"Egira 698–708 / d.C. 1299–1309 o Egira 709–741 / d.C. 1309–40.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Aspersori lussuosi come questo erano usati per l’igiene personale del sultano."},"pt":{"name":"Perfumador.","date":"698–708 H. / 1299–1309 d.C. ou 709–741 H. /  1309–40 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"Para a sua higiene pessoal, o sultão usava sumptuosos perfumadores como este."},"se":{"name":"Stänkflaska för parfym.","date":"698–708 e.H. / 1299–1309 e.Kr. eller 709–741 e.H. / 1309–40 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"Stänkflaskor för parfym som den här har sultanen själv använt."},"tr":{"name":"Parfüm şişesi.","date":"H. 698–708 / M. 1299–1309 veya AH 709–741 / M. 1309–40.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Bunun gibi lüks serpiciler sultanın kişisel kullanımı içindi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت المرشات الفاخرة الشبيهة بهذه تُوظف لضمان صحة السلطان الشخصية**"},"en":{"justification":"Luxurious sprinklers like this served the sultan’s personal hygiene."}}},{"id":"f0a22720-4486-5cd9-b830-526d7c53d494","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/a2864616-9a49-5461-89cb-12733a6d7a56.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Kesselpauke","date":"AH erste Hälfte 8. Jahrhundert / AD erste Hälfte 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Stockholm","museum":"Königliche Waffenkammer","justification":"Die Mamluken-*Sultane* jagten zum Vergnügen mit Falken und stellten dabei ihre Fähigkeiten unter Beweis."},"es":{"name":"Timbal","date":"Primera mitad del siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Estocolmo","museum":"Armería Real","justification":"Los sultanes mamelucos practicaban la cetrería por diversión y para demostrar su gran habilidad como cazadores."},"it":{"name":"Timpano.","date":"Egira prima metà dell’VIII secolo / d.C. prima metà del XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Stoccolma","museum":"Armeria Reale.","justification":"I sultani mamelucchi amavano la falconeria per passatempo e per mostrare il loro superiore talento nella caccia."},"pt":{"name":"Timabale.","date":"Primeira metade do séc. VIII H. / primeira metade do séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Estocolmo","museum":"Armaria Real.","justification":"Os sultões mamelucos praticavam a falcoaria por diversão e para demonstrarem a sua grande habilidade como caçadores."},"tr":{"name":"Şahinci davulu.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy ilk yarısı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Stockholm","museum":"Kraliyet Cebehanesi.","justification":"Memluk sultanları boş zamanlarında şahinlerle kuş avlamaktan ve üstün avcılık becerilerini sergilemekten zevk alırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**درج سلاطين المماليك على الاستمتاع بالبزدرة للتسلية ولإظهار مهاراتهم المتفوقة في القنص**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk sultans enjoyed falconry for leisure and to display their superior hunting skills."},"fr":{"justification":"Les sultans aiment se distraire en montrant leurs talents de chasseurs et de fauconnier."},"se":{"justification":"Falkjakt hörde till mamluksultanernas favoritnöjen; här kunde de få visa hur skickliga de var i att jaga."}}},{"id":"bdd605c9-b2d9-57fb-8063-869eda526bd5","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/5d0f1c17-0651-5332-86b8-740c95289772.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Flasche mit Polo spielenden Reitern","date":"Circa AH 700 / AD 1300","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst – Staatliche Museen zu Berlin","justification":"Polo war bei den Herrschern der Mamluken beliebt, weil das Spiel Sport und militärische Übung verband."},"es":{"name":"Botella con jugadores de polo","date":"Hacia 700 de la Hégira / 1300 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Berlín","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico del Museo Pergamon","justification":"El polo (*yawkan*), que combinaba el deporte con la ejercitación militar, era un pasatiempo popular entre los sultanes mamelucos."},"it":{"name":"Bottiglia con giocatori di polo.","date":"Circa Egira 700 / d.C. 1300.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Berlino","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica al Pergamon Museum.","justification":"Il polo (*jawkan*) era uno svago molto amato dai sultani mamelucchi perché combinava l'allenamento militare con lo sport."},"pt":{"name":"Garrafa com jogadores de pólo.","date":"c. 700 H. / 1300 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Berlim","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica do Museu Pergamon.","justification":"O pólo (*yawkan*), que combinava o desporto com o exercício militar, era um passatempo popular entre os sultões mamelucos."},"se":{"name":"Flaska med ryttare som spelar hästpolo.","date":"Ca 700 e.H. / 1300 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst i Pergamonmuseet.","justification":"Polo (*jawkan*) var ett populärt tidsfördriv bland mamluksultanerna. I polo kombinerades militär träning med sport."},"tr":{"name":"Polo oyunculu şişe.","date":"H. 700 / M. 1300 civarı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Berlin","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi, Devlet Müzeleri.","justification":"Askeri eğitimi ve sporu birleştiren polo (*cevken*), Memluk sultanları tarafından sevilen bir uğraştı."},"ar":{"justification":"كان البولو (الجاوكان) لعبة شعبية لدى سلاطين المماليك، مزاوجة بين التدريب العسكري والرياضة."},"en":{"justification":"Polo (*jawkan*) was a popular pastime among Mamluk sultans, combining military exercise and sport."},"fr":{"justification":"Le polo (*jawkan*), à la fois sport et entraînement militaire, est un des passe-temps favoris des sultans mamelouks."}}}]},{"id":"cc5c14f6-ee31-580d-97ca-0fb352da0379","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_90","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:90","parent_id":"0d96fdda-709f-55ff-974d-36ce25e67b8e","country_id":null,"display_order":3,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[{"url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/custom/exhibition/40.jpg","alt_text":null,"display_order":4}],"items":[{"id":"9f13783f-37c2-5e26-9fc8-82aec3de2188","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8ea36989-0f23-51c0-8e51-d6f608c4a74a.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Marmortafel","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Muslime beten in Richtung Mekka. Die Lage Mekkas ist in Gebäuden durch eine Gebetsnische *(Mihrab)* oder eine derartige Tafel in der so genannten *Qibla*\\-Wand gekennzeichnet."},"es":{"name":"Placa de mármol","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"*Los musulmanes rezan mirando a La Meca. Dentro de los edificios, esta dirección se señala con un nicho de oración (*mihrab*) situado en el muro de la* qibla *o con una placa como esta.*"},"it":{"name":"Targa di marmo.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"I musulmani pregano rivolti verso la Mecca e l'esatta direzione all'interno degli edifici è evidenziata dalla nicchia della preghiera (*mihrab*) ricavata nel muro della *qibla*, o da un rlievo simile a questo."},"pt":{"name":"Placa de mármore.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"Os muçulmanos rezam olhando na direcção de Meca. Dentro dos edifícios, esta direcção assinala-se com um nicho de oração (*mihrab*) situado no muro da *qibla,* ou com uma placa como esta."},"se":{"name":"Mamorplatta.","date":"700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"Muslimer ber mot Mekka; den riktningen markeras inne i byggnaderna med en bönenisch (*mihrab*) eller en platta i *qibla*\\-väggen som liknar den här."},"tr":{"name":"Mermer levha.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Müslümanlar Mekke'ye dönerek namaz kılar; binalarda Mekke'nin yönü, kıble duvarındaki bir mihrap veya buna benzer bir levhayla gösterilir."},"ar":{"justification":"**يتوجَّه المسلمون عند الصلاة نحو مكة؛ وهي وجهة تم تبيانها في المباني بمحراب صلاة في الجدار القِبْلي، أو بلوحة شبيهة به.**"},"en":{"justification":"Muslims pray towards Mecca; its direction within buildings is marked by a prayer niche (*mihrab*) in the *qibla* wall, or by a plaque similar to this one."},"fr":{"justification":"Les musulmans prient tournés vers La Mecque, dont la direction est signalée dans les bâtiments par une niche (*mihrab*) dans le mur de *qibla*, ou par une plaque similaire à celle-ci."}}},{"id":"c1a3ba49-902b-5949-8d97-4621638aa6cb","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/49f72939-5e30-54a4-bb13-f53a18ea80f3.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Erbdokument","date":"AH 793 Dhu al-Qada / AD 1. Oktober 1391","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","museum":"Islamisches Museum, al-Aqsa-Moschee / al-Haram al-Scharif","justification":"Alle rechtlichen Dokumente wurden in Übereinstimmung mit dem Koran und der Scharia abgefasst."},"es":{"name":"Testamento","date":"2 de du l-qaada de 793 / 1 de octubre de 1391","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","museum":"Museo Islámico de la Mezquita al-Aqsa – Al-Haram al-Sharif","justification":"*Todos los documentos jurídicos se redactaban con arreglo a las directrices del Corán y la* sharia*.*"},"it":{"name":"Testamento.","date":"Egira 793 Dhu al-Qaeda / (1 Ottobre1391).","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","museum":"Museo Islamico, Moschea al-Aqsa  / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Tutti i documenti legali erano compilati secondo le direttive del Corano e della *sharia*."},"pt":{"name":"Testamento.","date":"Mês de Dhu al-Qaeda 793  / Outubro 1391","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","museum":"Museu Islâmico, Mesquita de al-Aqsa / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Todos os documentos jurídicos eram redigidos de acordo com as directrizes do Alcorão e a *sharia*."},"se":{"name":"Testamente.","date":"793 e.H. Dhu al-Qaeda / den 1 oktober 1391 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"Jerusalem.","museum":"Islamiska museet i al-Aqsamoskén / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Alla juridiska dokument gjordes upp i enlighet med direktiven i Koranen och *sharia*\\-lagen."},"tr":{"name":"Miras evrakı.","date":"H. 793 Zilkade / M. 1 Ekim 1391.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","museum":"İslamiyet Müzesi ve Mescid-i Aksa Kütüphanesi.","justification":"Tüm hukuki evraklar, Kur'an'ın talimatlarına ve şeriat yasalarına uygun olarak hazırlanırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت جميع الوثائق الحقوقية تُحرَّر وفقاً لتوجيهات القرآن وأحكام الشريعة**"},"en":{"justification":"All legal documents were drawn up according to the directive of the Qur’an and *shari’a* law."},"fr":{"justification":"Tous les documents légaux sont établis d'après les directives du Coran et de la *charia*."}}},{"id":"d433bf50-3272-569f-a940-5a05965ceb20","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/a150c2bd-ae29-5e9a-b4d2-e94a4cb7ac0c.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Marmor-Kenotaph","date":"2536: Safar 893 (Januar–Februar 1488); 2537: Safar 899 (November–Dezember 1493)","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Istanbul","museum":"Museum für Türkische und Islamische Kunst","justification":"Würdenträger wurden in aufwändigen Gräbern bestattet. Wie die Mausoleen sind sie ein Erbe der vorislamischen Kultur."},"es":{"name":"Cenotafios de mármol","date":"2536: safar de 893 / enero-febrero de 1488; 2537: safar de 899 / noviembre-diciembre de 1493.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Estambul","museum":"Museo de Arte Turco e Islámico","justification":"Los dignatarios se enterraban en ornamentadas tumbas que, junto con los mausoleos, eran típicas de la cultura preislámica."},"it":{"name":"Cenotafi in marmo.","date":"2536: Safar 893 (Gennaio–Febbraio 1488); 2537: Safar 899 (Novembre–Dicembre 1493).","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Istanbul","museum":"Museo delle Arti Turche e Islamiche.","justification":"Le personalità in vista erano sepolte in tombe elaborate che, insieme ai mausolei, erano ispirate a modelli di culture preislamiche."},"pt":{"name":"Cenotáfios de mármore.","date":"2536: Safar 893  (Janeiro–Fevereiro 1488); 2537: Safar 899 (Novembro–Dezembro 1493).","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Istambul","museum":"Museu das Artes Turca e Islâmica.","justification":"Os dignitários eram enterrados em ornamentados túmulos, que, juntamente com os mausoléus, eram típicos da cultura pré-islâmica."},"se":{"name":"Två gravmonument av marmor.","date":"Safar 893 e.H. /Januari–februari 1488 e.Kr. och Safar 899 e.H. /November–december 1493 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiska.","location":"Sultanahmet","museum":"Museet för turkisk och islamisk konst.","justification":"De påkostade gravmonumenten och mausoleerna för högt uppsatta personer är ett arv från den förislamiska perioden."},"tr":{"name":"Mermer sandukalar.","date":"2536: Sefer 893 (Ocak–Şubat 1488); 2537: Sefer 899 (Kasım–Aralık 1493).","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"İstanbul","museum":"Türk ve İslam Eserleri Müzesi.","justification":"Önemli şahsiyetler, türbelerin yanı sıra İslamiyet öncesi kültür için tipik olan görkemli mezarlara gömülürdü."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان الأشراف والأعيان يُدْفَنون في قبور متقنة، تشكل، مع الأضرحة، ظواهر مميزة لثقافة ما قبل الإسلام.**"},"en":{"justification":"Dignitaries were buried in elaborate tombs which together with mausolea are typical of pre-Islamic culture."},"fr":{"justification":"Les dignitaires sont enterrés dans de riches tombes qui, avec les mausolées, sont caractéristiques de la culture préislamique."}}},{"id":"675a1412-80d3-5ceb-be97-76ef1b5412e4","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"caption":{"de":{"name":"Räuchergefäß","date":"AH 9.–10. Jahrhundert / AD 15.–16. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Glasgow","museum":"Kelvingrove Kunstgalerie und Museum, Glasgow Museums","justification":"Parfum und Weihrauch waren feste Bestandteile der muslimischen Körperpflege. Düfte erfüllten auch Moscheen, Paläste und Wohnhäuser."},"es":{"name":"Incensario","date":"Siglo IX o X de la Hégira / XV o XVI d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Glasgow","museum":"Galería de Arte y Museo Kelvingrove  – Museos de Glasgow","justification":"El perfume y el incienso formaban parte de la higiene personal de los musulmanes. Además, se usaban para perfumar el interior de mezquitas, palacios y casas particulares."},"it":{"name":"Incensiere.","date":"Egira secoli IX–X / d.C. secoli XV–XVI.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Glasgow","museum":"Kelvingrove Art Gallery e Museum, Glasgow Museums.","justification":"Profumi e incensi erano parte integrante della cosmesi personale di un musulmano ed erano usati anche per profumare gli interni di moschee, palazzi ed anche comuni appartamenti."},"pt":{"name":"Incensário.","date":"Sécs. IX-X H. / sécs XV-XVI d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Glasgow","museum":"Museu e Galeria de Arte Kelvingrove, Museus de Glasgow.","justification":"O perfume e o incenso faziam parte da higiene pessoal dos muçulmanos. Eram, além disso, usados para perfumar o interior de mesquitas, palácios e casas particulares."},"se":{"name":"Rökelsekar.","date":"800-900-talet e.H./ 1400-1500-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"Glasgow.","museum":"Kelvingrove konstgalleri och museum, Glasgow Museums.","justification":"Parfym och rökelse hörde till den muslimska kroppsvården och användes för att det skulle lukta gott både i palats, moskéer och vanliga bostäder."},"tr":{"name":"Buhurdan.","date":"H. 9.–10. yy / M. 15.–16. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Glasgow","museum":"Kelvingrove Sanat Galerisi ve Müzesi, Glasgow Müzeleri.","justification":"Parfüm ve tütsü, Müslümanların kişisel bakımlarının ayrılmaz parçalarıydı ve ayrıca cami, saray ve normal evlerin içini kokulandırmak için kullanılırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان العطر والبخور جزءاً لا يتجزأ من نظافة المسلم الشخصية، كما جرى استخدامهما لتعطير مداخل المساجد والقصور والمنازل العادية.**"},"en":{"justification":"Perfume and incense were integral to a Muslim’s personal hygiene, and were used to fragrance the interiors of mosques, palaces and ordinary residences."},"fr":{"justification":"Les parfums et l'encens font partie des accessoires d'hygiène personnelle du musulman et servent également à parfumer l'intérieur des mosquées, des palais et des habitations ordinaires."}}},{"id":"e0b9788f-2138-5261-bd75-1329e810829d","display_order":5,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/9556f1c8-f07b-5e6a-ac8b-cfcfc94dbaa0.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Sabil* (Brunnen) und *Kuttab* (Koranschule) von *Sultan* Qaytbay","date":"AH 884 / AD 1479","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Die Mamlukenherrscher demonstrierten ihr karitatives Engagement durch den Bau von öffentlichen Brunnen *(Sabil)* und Koranschulen *(Kuttab)*. Der Sabil-Kuttab kombinierte mit einem Brunnen im Erdgeschoss und einer Schule im Obergeschoss beide Funktionen."},"es":{"name":"Fuente (sabil) y escuela coránica (kuttab) del Sultán Qaytbay","date":"884 de la Hégira / 1479 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"*Los gobernantes mamelucos demostraban su caridad construyendo fuentes públicas y escuelas coránicas (*sabil-kuttab*); la fuente pública (*sabil*) estaba en la planta baja y la escuela (*kuttab*), en el piso superior.*"},"it":{"name":"Sabil e Kuttab (Scuola coranica) del Sultano Qaytbay.","date":"Egira 884 / d.C. 1479.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"I principi mamelucchi dimostravano il loro senso di carità costruendo edifici che erano al tempo stesso fontane pubbliche e scuole coraniche gratuite (*sabil-kuttab*), la fontana (*sabil*) al piano inferiore e la scuola (*kuttab*) a quello superiore."},"pt":{"name":"Sabil (fonte) e Kuttab (escola corânica) do sultão Qaytbay.","date":"884 H. / 1479 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Os governantes mamelucos demonstravam a sua caridade construindo fontes públicas e escolas corânicas (*sabil-kuttab*); a fonte pública (*sabil*) situava-se no rés-do-chão e a escola (*kuttab*), no piso superior."},"se":{"name":"Sultan Qaytbays sabil (brunnshus) och Kuttab (koranskola).","date":"884 e.H. / 1479 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Mamlukregenterna visade sin frikostighet genom att anlägga brunnar för allmänheten och koranskolor (sabil-kuttab) där brunnen (*sabil*) finns på bottenvåningen och skolan (*kuttab*) är en trappa upp."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Kayıtbay Sebil-Küttabı.","date":"H. 884 / M. 1479.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Memluk idarecileri, sebil ve Kur'an okulları (sebil-küttab) kurarak hayır işlerinde bulunurlardı. Sebiller yapıların alt katında, küttablar ise üst katta yer alırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**درج حكام المماليك على استعراض سخائهم في عمل الخير، عبر بناء مناهل الماء العامة ومدارس تحفيظ القرآن (السبيل والكُتَّاب)، حيث يكون السبيل في الطبقة السفلية والمدرسة في الطبقة العلوية.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk rulers demonstrated their charitable giving by building public fountains and Qur’anic schools (*sabil-kuttab*), whereby the public fountain (*sabil*) is downstairs, and the school (*kuttab*) is upstairs."},"fr":{"justification":"Les souverains mamelouks témoignent de leur esprit de charité en édifiant des fontaines publiques et des écoles coraniques (*sabil-kuttab*) ; dans ces édifices, l'école (*kuttab*) est aménagée au-dessus de la fontaine (*sabil*)."}}}]},{"id":"67d05c74-9479-5504-9b95-28708620c776","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_93","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:93","parent_id":"5fece024-c74e-561d-b95d-491951907de9","country_id":null,"display_order":3,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"9c99c966-ce63-54c0-ab28-822914e17003","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/e4339752-48a4-53c2-abd3-3d06af5100eb.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Medrese* al-Dschakmakiyya","date":"AH 762–822 / AD 1361–1421/2","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Damaskus","justification":"Diese *Medrese* stiftete der Gouverneur der Mamluken in Damaskus in den Jahren 1407-8."},"es":{"name":"Madrasa al-Yaqmaqiyya","date":"762–822 de la Hégira / 1361–1422 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","justification":"Esta madrasa fue una donación del gobernador mameluco de Damasco en 1407."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya.","date":"Egira 762–822 / d.C. 1361–1421/2.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Damasco","justification":"La *madrasa* fu finanziata dal governatore mamelucco di Damasco nell'810 / 1407–08."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya.","date":"762–822 H. / 1361–1421/2 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","justification":"Esta madrasa foi uma doação do governador mameluco de Damasco, em 1407."},"se":{"name":"Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya.","date":"762–822 e.H. / 1361–1421/2 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Damaskus.","justification":"*Madrasa* som skänkts av Damaskus mamlukguvernör år 810 / 1407-08."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Çakmak Medresesi.","date":"H. 762–822 / M. 1361–1421/2.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Şam","justification":"Bu medrese, 1407–8 yıllarında Memluk Şam valisi tarafından yaptırılmıştır."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت المدرسة وقفاً تبرع به والي دمشق المملوكي في عام 810 هـ/1407–1408 م.**"},"en":{"justification":"The *madrasa* was endowed by the Mamluk governor of Damascus in 810 / 1407–8."},"fr":{"justification":"La *madrasa* a été l'objet d'une dotation financée le gouverneur mamelouk de Damas en 810/1408."}}},{"id":"42aad0c1-ac08-52ed-b98e-35a070c4bdeb","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ec232146-067c-58cb-935a-0393182f2194.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Manuskript über Chirurgie","location":"Damaskus","museum":"Nationalmuseum Damaskus","justification":"Eine illustrierte Abhandlung über das Kauterisieren (Verätzen) aus einem mamlukischen Manuskript, das in Syrien kopiert wurde"},"es":{"name":"Manuscrito de cirugía","date":"Siglo VIII o IX de la Hégira / XIV o XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Lección ilustrada sobre cauterización, extraída de un manuscrito mameluco copiado en Siria."},"it":{"name":"Manoscritto sulla chirurgia.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nazionale di Damasco","justification":"Un importante documento sulla cauterizzazione, contenuto in un manoscritto mamelucco copiato in Siria."},"pt":{"name":"Manuscrito de cirurgia.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museu Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Lição ilustrada sobre cauterização, extraída de um manuscrito mameluco copiado na Síria."},"se":{"name":"En text om kirurgi.","location":"Damaskus.","museum":"Nationalmuseet i Damaskus","justification":"Illustrerad avhandling om desinficering av huden genom bränning, ur ett mamlukiskt manuskript som kopierats i Syrien."},"tr":{"name":"Cerrahi üzerine elyazması.","location":"Şam","museum":"Ulusal Müze","justification":"Dağlama işlemi ile ilgili, Suriye'de kopyalanmış bir Memluk elyazmasından alınma resimli bir metin."},"ar":{"justification":"**بحث موضَّح بالرسوم لعملية الكي، مأخوذ من مخطوطة مملوكية منسوخة في سورية.**"},"en":{"justification":"An illustrated discourse on cauterization, taken from a Mamluk manuscript copied in Syria."},"fr":{"justification":"Texte illustré sur la cautérisation, extrait d'un manuscrit mamelouk copié en Syrie."}}},{"id":"fb606a6f-b8ec-56c9-b78e-78a4d174a94c","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8f9f47cd-8c87-5d69-840a-9d5cbfcee800.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Krug","date":"Circa AH 833 / AD 1430","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"The British Museum","justification":"Gläser wie dieses in Syrien produzierte dienten zur Aufbewahrung von Heilkräutern."},"es":{"name":"Tarro","date":"Hacia 833 de la Hégira / 1430 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Británico","justification":"Las plantas medicinales se guardaban en tarros similares a este, fabricado en Siria."},"it":{"name":"Vaso.","date":"Circa Egira 833 / d.C. 1430.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Vasi di questo tipo, prodotti in Siria, servivano a contenere erbe officinali."},"pt":{"name":"Jarra","date":"c. 833 H. / 1430 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Britânico.","justification":"As plantas medicinais eram guardadas em jarras similares a esta, fabricada na Síria."},"se":{"name":"Kruka.","date":"Ca 833 e.H. / 1430 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"London.","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"I krukor som den här som är gjord i Syrien brukade medicinska örter förvaras."},"tr":{"name":"Kavanoz.","date":"H. 833 / M. 1430 civarı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"The British Museum."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت جرار شبيهة بهذه تُصنع في سورية وربما تستخدم لحفظ أعشاب طبية.**"},"en":{"justification":"Jars similar to this one produced in Syria would have held medicinal herbs."},"fr":{"justification":"Des jarres produites en Syrie et similaires à celle-ci pouvaient contenir des herbes médicinales."}}},{"id":"d4fac3f2-aef5-5d9c-92ce-6e04c206f021","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/7c65915d-b7c8-56e1-ad08-bf5319e043f0.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Manuskript über Geografie","date":"AH 741 / AD 1340","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Damaskus","museum":"Nationalmuseum Damaskus","justification":"Die Gestaltung dieses in Syrien hergestellten Buchs über die Geografie nahm das Konzept moderner Enzyklopädien vorweg."},"es":{"name":"Manuscrito de geografía","date":"741 de la Hégira / 1340 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Este libro sirio de geografía se anticipa, en su paginación, a las enciclopedias modernas."},"it":{"name":"Manoscritto di geografia.","date":"Egira 741 / d.C. 1340.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nazionale di Damasco","justification":"La concezione di questo libro di geografia pubblicato in Siria, anticipa le moderne enciclopedie."},"pt":{"name":"Manuscrito de geografia.","date":"741 H. / 1340 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museu Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Este livro sírio de geografia antecipa-se, na sua paginação, às enciclopédias modernas."},"se":{"name":"En text om geografi.","date":"741 e.H. / 1340 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Damaskus.","museum":"Nationalmuseet i Damaskus","justification":"Som den här boken om geografi är upplagd förebådar den de moderna encyklopedierna."},"tr":{"name":"Coğrafya üzerine elyazması.","date":"H. 741 / M. 1340.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Şam","museum":"Ulusal Müze","justification":"Coğrafya konusunda Suriye'de yazılan bu kitabın sayfa düzeni, çağdaş ansiklopedilerin habercisidir."},"ar":{"justification":"**يشكل مخطوط كتاب الجغرافيا المنجز في سورية سابقةً للموسوعات الحديثة.**"},"en":{"justification":"The layout of this book on geography produced in Syria anticipates modern encyclopaedias."},"fr":{"justification":"La mise en page de ce livre de géographie réalisé en Syrie anticipe les encyclopédies modernes."}}}]},{"id":"d0420e12-6207-5772-b8f0-9c22f7f604c4","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_97","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:97","parent_id":"282bf248-cb40-5b24-9d50-166d75b8a10e","country_id":null,"display_order":3,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"d4475f08-ea5a-5e67-84a3-3e7f04581e4b","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/01844de9-bbbd-5e77-9477-b66e63053181.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Bucheinband","date":"Vermutlich AH spätes  9. Jahrhundert / AD 15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum","justification":"Aufwändig gebundene Korane und Bücher wurden für die Mamluken-*Sultane* hergestellt."},"es":{"name":"Encuadernación","date":"Probablemente finales del siglo IX de la Hégira / XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Victoria & Albert","justification":"Los sultanes mamelucos encargaban coranes y libros exquisitamente encuadernados."},"it":{"name":"Rilegatura di un libro.","date":"Probabilmente Egira tardo IX secolo  / d.C. XV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Preziosi corani rilegati e libri in genere venivano commissionati dai sultani mamelucchi."},"pt":{"name":"Encadernação.","date":"Provavelmente séc. IX H. / séc. XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Victoria & Albert","justification":"Os sultões mamelucos encomendaram exemplares do Alcorão e outros livros requintadamente encadernados."},"se":{"name":"Bokband.","date":"Troligen slutet av 800-talet e.H./ 1400-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"London.","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Mamluksultanerna beställde utsökt vackert inbundna Koraner och andra böcker."},"tr":{"name":"Cilt.","date":"Muhtemelen H. 9. yy / 15. yy sonu.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Müzesi.","justification":"Memluk sultanları, zarif bir şekilde ciltlenmiş Kur'an'lar ve kitaplar sipariş ediyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"**نسخ من القرآن وكتب مجلدة بأسلوب بالغ الروعة بإيعاز من سلاطين المماليك.**"},"en":{"justification":"Exquisitely bound Qur’ans and books were commissioned by Mamluk sultans."},"fr":{"justification":"Des corans et des livres merveilleusement reliés sont commandités par les sultans mamelouks."}}},{"id":"e499d19d-1cd3-574e-b40c-b7a8dc83a218","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/86d9f63b-d441-581a-86a5-795c5d4c9350.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Koran","date":"AH Ramadan 713 / AD Dezember 1313","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Istanbul","museum":"Museum für Türkische und Islamische Kunst","justification":"Edle Kalligrafien und geometrische Illuminationen in Gold sind das Kennzeichen der Korane aus der Mamlukenzeit. Dieser Koran entstand für den Mamluken-*Sultan* Nasir al-Din Muhammad, der zwischen 1293 und 1341 dreimal regierte."},"es":{"name":"Corán","date":"Ramadán de 713 / diciembre de 1313.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Estambul","museum":"Museo de Arte Turco e Islámico","justification":"Los coranes del periodo mameluco se distinguen por una caligrafía refinada y la iluminación con motivos geométricos en oro. Este Corán se hizo para el sultán mameluco Nasir al-Din Muhammad, que gobernó tres veces entre 1293 y 1341."},"it":{"name":"Corano.","date":"Egira Ramadan 713 / d.C. Decembre 1313.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Istanbul","museum":"Museo delle Arti Turche e Islamiche.","justification":"Raffinata calligrafia e miniature geometriche in oro caratterizzano l’edizione di corani di epoca mamelucca. Questo Corano fu fatto per il sultano mamelucco Nasir al-Din Muhammad (che salì al potere per tre volte fra il 692 e il 742 / 1293 e 1341)."},"pt":{"name":"Alcorão.","date":"Ramadão 713 / Dezembro 1313.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Istambul","museum":"Museu das Artes Turca e Islâmica.","justification":"As reproduções do Alcorão do período mameluco distinguem-se por uma caligrafia refinada e pelas iluminuras com motivos geométricos em ouro. Este Alcorão foi feito para o sultão mameluco Nasir al-Din Muhammad, que governou três vezes entre 1293 e 1341."},"se":{"name":"Koran.","date":"Ramadan 713 / AD December 1313.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Sultanahmet","museum":"Museet för turkisk och islamisk konst.","justification":"Förfinad kalligrafi och geometriska illuminationer i guld karakteriserar Koranerna från mamluktiden. Den här Koranen gjordes för mamluksultanen Nasir al-Din Muhammed (som regerade tre gånger mellan år 692 och 742 / 1293 och 1341)."},"tr":{"name":"Kur’an-ı Kerim.","date":"H. Ramazan 713 / M. Aralık 1313.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"İstanbul","museum":"Türk ve İslam Eserleri Müzesi.","justification":"Memluk dönemine ait Kur'an'lar, zarif hatlarla ve geometrik tezhipleriyle ayırt edilir. Bu Kur'an-ı Kerim, 1293 – 1341 yılları arasında üç kez iktidara gelen Memluk Sultanı Nasreddin Muhammed için hazırlandı."},"ar":{"justification":"**تتميز نسخ قرآن الفترة المملوكية بالخط المتقن والزخرف الهندسي المذهَّب. وقد جرى إنجاز هذه النسخة من القرآن للسلطان المملوكي ناصر الدين محمد (الذي حكم ثلاث مرات بين 692 و742 هـ/1293 و1341 م).**"},"en":{"justification":"Refined calligraphy and geometric illumination in gold characterise the Qur’ans of the Mamluk period. This Qur'an was made for the Mamluk Sultan Nasir al-Din Muhammad (who ruled three times between 692 and 742 / 1293 and 1341)."},"fr":{"justification":"Une calligraphie raffinée et des enluminures géométriques à l'or sont caractéristiques de corans de la période mamelouke. Ce coran a été réalisé pour le sultan Nasir al-Din Muhammad (qui régna à trois reprises entre 692 et 742/1293-1341)."}}},{"id":"54e4dfd7-48fc-5972-94f5-cea81c315201","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/5d661d98-119e-5056-8778-2c5551ae631a.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Schüssel","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Rom","museum":"Nationalmuseum für Orientalische Kunst (Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale)","justification":"Eine intarsierte Messingschüssel, die mamlukische Inschriften mit asiatischen Phönixen verbindet"},"es":{"name":"Cuenco","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Roma","museum":"Museo Nacional de Arte Oriental","justification":"Cuenco de latón con incrustaciones que combina inscripciones mamelucas con fénix asiáticos."},"it":{"name":"Ciotola.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Roma","museum":"Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale.","justification":"Ciotola in ottone ageminato in oro ed argento che combina motivi epigrafici mamelucchi con motivi di fenice provenienti dall’Asia orientale."},"pt":{"name":"Vaso.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Rome","museum":"Museu Nacional de Arte Oriental(Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale).","justification":"Vaso de latão com incrustações que combinam inscrições mamelucas com fénix asiáticas."},"se":{"name":"Skål.","date":"700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Rom","museum":"Nationalmuseet för orientalisk konst (Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale).","justification":"Mässingsskål med inläggningar som kombinerar mamlukiska inskrifter med fenixfåglar från Ostasien."},"tr":{"name":"Kâse.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Roma","museum":"Ulusal Şark Eserleri Müzesi","justification":"Memluk hat sanatıyla doğu Asya kökenli Zümrüdüanka kuşlarını birleştiren kakmalı pirinç kâse."},"ar":{"justification":"**طاسة نحاسية مرصَّعة** **تجمع بين نقوش مملوكية من جهة، وطيور الفينيق من شرق آسيا من جهةٍ ثانية.**"},"en":{"justification":"An inlaid brass bowl that combines Mamluk inscriptions with eastern Asian phoenixes."},"fr":{"justification":"Coupe en cuivre incrusté qui associe des inscriptions mameloukes à des phénix d'inspiration asiatique."}}},{"id":"54e4dfd7-48fc-5972-94f5-cea81c315201","display_order":3,"variant_order":2,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/d2b7153f-cb50-50ac-ac7f-049c81f447aa.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Schüssel","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Rom","museum":"Nationalmuseum für Orientalische Kunst (Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale)","justification":"Eine intarsierte Messingschüssel, die mamlukische Inschriften mit asiatischen Phönixen verbindet"},"es":{"name":"Cuenco","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Roma","museum":"Museo Nacional de Arte Oriental","justification":"Cuenco de latón con incrustaciones que combina inscripciones mamelucas con fénix asiáticos."},"it":{"name":"Ciotola.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Roma","museum":"Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale.","justification":"Ciotola in ottone ageminato in oro ed argento che combina motivi epigrafici mamelucchi con motivi di fenice provenienti dall’Asia orientale."},"pt":{"name":"Vaso.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Rome","museum":"Museu Nacional de Arte Oriental(Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale).","justification":"Vaso de latão com incrustações que combinam inscrições mamelucas com fénix asiáticas."},"se":{"name":"Skål.","date":"700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Rom","museum":"Nationalmuseet för orientalisk konst (Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale).","justification":"Mässingsskål med inläggningar som kombinerar mamlukiska inskrifter med fenixfåglar från Ostasien."},"tr":{"name":"Kâse.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Roma","museum":"Ulusal Şark Eserleri Müzesi","justification":"Memluk hat sanatıyla doğu Asya kökenli Zümrüdüanka kuşlarını birleştiren kakmalı pirinç kâse."},"ar":{"justification":"طاسة نحاسية مرصَّعة، جامعة بين نقوش مملوكية من جهة، وطيور الفينيق من شرق آسيا من جهةٍ ثانية."},"en":{"justification":"An inlaid brass bowl that combines Mamluk inscriptions with eastern Asian phoenixes."},"fr":{"justification":"Coupe en cuivre incrusté qui associe des inscriptions mameloukes à des phénix d'inspiration asiatique."}}},{"id":"54e4dfd7-48fc-5972-94f5-cea81c315201","display_order":3,"variant_order":3,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/fb5a8cf8-7b49-570a-9a8c-399d74ad547d.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Schüssel","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Rom","museum":"Nationalmuseum für Orientalische Kunst (Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale)","justification":"Eine intarsierte Messingschüssel, die mamlukische Inschriften mit asiatischen Phönixen verbindet"},"es":{"name":"Cuenco","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Roma","museum":"Museo Nacional de Arte Oriental","justification":"Cuenco de latón con incrustaciones que combina inscripciones mamelucas con fénix asiáticos."},"it":{"name":"Ciotola.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Roma","museum":"Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale.","justification":"Ciotola in ottone ageminato in oro ed argento che combina motivi epigrafici mamelucchi con motivi di fenice provenienti dall’Asia orientale."},"pt":{"name":"Vaso.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Rome","museum":"Museu Nacional de Arte Oriental(Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale).","justification":"Vaso de latão com incrustações que combinam inscrições mamelucas com fénix asiáticas."},"se":{"name":"Skål.","date":"700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Rom","museum":"Nationalmuseet för orientalisk konst (Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale).","justification":"Mässingsskål med inläggningar som kombinerar mamlukiska inskrifter med fenixfåglar från Ostasien."},"tr":{"name":"Kâse.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Roma","museum":"Ulusal Şark Eserleri Müzesi","justification":"Memluk hat sanatıyla doğu Asya kökenli Zümrüdüanka kuşlarını birleştiren kakmalı pirinç kâse."},"ar":{"justification":"طاسة نحاسية مرصَّعة، جامعة بين نقوش مملوكية من جهة، وطيور الفينيق من شرق آسيا من جهةٍ ثانية."},"en":{"justification":"An inlaid brass bowl that combines Mamluk inscriptions with eastern Asian phoenixes."},"fr":{"justification":"Coupe en cuivre incrusté qui associe des inscriptions mameloukes à des phénix d'inspiration asiatique."}}}]},{"id":"0d96fdda-709f-55ff-974d-36ce25e67b8e","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_theme_36","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_themes:36","parent_id":"217482b1-7626-531f-8ca9-51c2f680fe3d","country_id":null,"display_order":3,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[]},{"id":"b554b571-d0e5-5750-8458-758d1d2857a2","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_87","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:87","parent_id":"b1f3d679-a18b-5258-af5f-524e8530cb84","country_id":null,"display_order":4,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"9febac67-8cd1-54f6-9ba1-89627a2c4d62","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/9a7c35e6-6c7f-5953-8c2e-f124c1d61c69.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Kerzenständer","date":"AH 694 / AD 1294","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Die Inschrift am oberen Teil dieses Kerzenhalters spielt auf die nicht selten tödlichen Intrigen innerhalb der mamlukischen Elite an; ein Fries im unteren Teil zeigt eine Reihe von bewegten Figuren."},"es":{"name":"Cuello de candelero","date":"694 de la Hégira / 1294 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"La inscripción de la parte superior de este candelero hace alusión a las intrigas de la élite mameluca, que a menudo resultaban mortales; en la banda que rodea la parte inferior del candelabro se ven figuras animadas."},"it":{"name":"Candeliere","date":"Egira 694 / d.C. 1294.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"L’iscrizione sulla parte superiore di questo candeliere si riferisce agli intrighi, spesso mortali, che avvenivano nella classe dirigente mamelucca; nella parte inferiore del candeliere compaiono fregi con figure in movimento."},"pt":{"name":"Base de candelabro.","date":"694 H. /1294 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"A inscrição da parte superior deste candelabro faz alusão às intrigas da elite mameluca, que eram frequentemente mortais; na banda que rodeia a parte inferior do candelabro vêem-se figuras animadas."},"se":{"name":"Fot till en ljusstake.","date":"694 e.H./ 1294 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"På ljusstakens överdel finns en inskrift som syftar på de ofta dödligt allvarliga intriger som kunde utspela sig i den mamlukiska eliten; runt nederdelen löper en fris med figurer i rörelse."},"tr":{"name":"Şamdan kaidesi.","date":"H. 694 / M. 1294.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Bu şamdan yuvasının üst kısmında yer alan yazı, Memluk eliti arasındaki çoğunlukla ölümle sonuçlanan entrikalara göndermede bulunuyor; alt kısmın etrafındaki frizde ise hareketli figürler görülüyor."},"ar":{"justification":"**في الغالب، يشير النقش الموجود على الجزء العلوي من تجويف هذا الشمعدان** **إلى الدسائس القاتلة فيما بين النخب المملوكية؛ وثمة رسوم مفعمة بالحياة على إفريز محيط بالجزء السفلي من التجويف.**"},"en":{"justification":"The inscription on the top part on this candlestick socket alludes to the often deadly intrigues among the Mamluk elite; animated figures are seen in a frieze around the lower part of the socket."},"fr":{"justification":"L'inscription en partie supérieure de ce binet de chandelier fait allusion aux intrigues souvent mortelles qui se nouent au sein de l'élite mamelouke. Une frise de figures animées occupe la partie inférieure."}}},{"id":"5c7d6a0f-7525-553c-97f2-764565e9a905","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/2dc5cbb0-8c36-5fbc-81b1-c60fc144e26c.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Palast von *Emir* Baschtak","date":"AH 740 / AD 1339","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Die *Emire* des *Sultans* betätigten sich wie dieser als Stifter von Bauwerken und unterstützten religiöse Stiftungen *(Waqf),* um den Islam zu preisen und sich zugleich ein regelmäßiges persönliches Einkommen zu sichern."},"es":{"name":"Palacio del Emir Bashtak","date":"740 de la Hégira / 1339 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"Los emires mamelucos emulaban el mecenazgo arquitectónico del sultán y financiaban *waqf* de instituciones religiosas con el fin de ensalzar el islam y asegurarse ingresos personales regulares."},"it":{"name":"Palazzo Amir Bashtak.","date":"Egira 740 / d.C. 1339.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Gli emiri mamelucchi emulavano il mecenatismo in architettura del sultano e finanziavano i waqf per gli stabilimenti religiosi a maggior gloria dell’Islam e per assicurarsi regolari entrate personali."},"pt":{"name":"Palácio do emir Bashtak.","date":"740 H. / 1339 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Os grandes senhores mamelucos imitavam o mecenato arquitectónico do sultão e financiavam (*waqf)* instituições religiosas com o fim de glorificar o Islão e de assegurar rendimentos pessoais regulares."},"se":{"name":"Amir Bashtaks palats.","date":"740 e.H. / 1339 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Mamlukiska *emirer* imiterade sultanens mecenatskap när det gällde byggnadskonsten och de stödde därför religiösa institutioner, *waqf*, till islams ära. Men de gjorde det också för att skaffa sig själva en regelbunden inkomst."},"tr":{"name":"Emir Baştak Sarayı.","date":"H. 740 / M. 1339.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Memluk emirleri sultanların mimari alanındaki hamiliklerine özenirdi ve İslamiyeti yüceltmek ve düzenli bir kişisel geliri teminat altına almak amacıyla dini kurumlara bağlı vakıfları desteklerdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان أمراء المماليك يقلدون رعاية السلطان المعمارية، ويدعمون الأوقاف العائدة إلى المؤسسات الدينية، تمجيداً للإسلام وضماناً لدخل خاص منتظم.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk *amir*s emulated the sultan’s architectural patronage and supported *waqf*s belonging to religious institutions in order to glorify Islam and ensure a regular personal income."},"fr":{"justification":"Les émirs mamelouks imitent le mécénat architectural du sultan et financent des *waqf* au bénéfice d'institutions religieuses pour rendre gloire à l'islam et s'assurer des revenus personnels réguliers."}}},{"id":"5c7d6a0f-7525-553c-97f2-764565e9a905","display_order":2,"variant_order":2,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/65a66791-cc9a-5cdb-b5b0-05de269203e6.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Palast von *Emir* Baschtak","date":"AH 740 / AD 1339","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Die *Emire* des *Sultans* betätigten sich wie dieser als Stifter von Bauwerken und unterstützten religiöse Stiftungen *(Waqf),* um den Islam zu preisen und sich zugleich ein regelmäßiges persönliches Einkommen zu sichern."},"es":{"name":"Palacio del Emir Bashtak","date":"740 de la Hégira / 1339 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"Los emires mamelucos emulaban el mecenazgo arquitectónico del sultán y financiaban *waqf* de instituciones religiosas con el fin de ensalzar el islam y asegurarse ingresos personales regulares."},"it":{"name":"Palazzo Amir Bashtak.","date":"Egira 740 / d.C. 1339.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Gli emiri mamelucchi emulavano il mecenatismo in architettura del sultano e finanziavano i waqf per gli stabilimenti religiosi a maggior gloria dell’Islam e per assicurarsi regolari entrate personali."},"pt":{"name":"Palácio do emir Bashtak.","date":"740 H. / 1339 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Os grandes senhores mamelucos imitavam o mecenato arquitectónico do sultão e financiavam (*waqf)* instituições religiosas com o fim de glorificar o Islão e de assegurar rendimentos pessoais regulares."},"se":{"name":"Amir Bashtaks palats.","date":"740 e.H. / 1339 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Mamlukiska *emirer* imiterade sultanens mecenatskap när det gällde byggnadskonsten och de stödde därför religiösa institutioner, *waqf*, till islams ära. Men de gjorde det också för att skaffa sig själva en regelbunden inkomst."},"tr":{"name":"Emir Baştak Sarayı.","date":"H. 740 / M. 1339.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Memluk emirleri sultanların mimari alanındaki hamiliklerine özenirdi ve İslamiyeti yüceltmek ve düzenli bir kişisel geliri teminat altına almak amacıyla dini kurumlara bağlı vakıfları desteklerdi."},"ar":{"justification":"كان أمراء المماليك يقلدون رعاية السلطان المعمارية، ويدعمون الأوقاف العائدة إلى المؤسسات الدينية، تمجيداً للإسلام، وضماناً لدخل شخصي منتظم."},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk *amir*s emulated the sultan’s architectural patronage and supported *waqf*s belonging to religious institutions in order to glorify Islam and ensure a regular personal income."},"fr":{"justification":"Les émirs mamelouks imitent le mécénat architectural du sultan et financent des *waqf* au bénéfice d'institutions religieuses pour rendre gloire à l'islam et s'assurer des revenus personnels réguliers."}}},{"id":"5c7d6a0f-7525-553c-97f2-764565e9a905","display_order":2,"variant_order":3,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/04efefce-f8a3-59e9-a30a-086a180fd08f.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Palast von *Emir* Baschtak","date":"AH 740 / AD 1339","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Die *Emire* des *Sultans* betätigten sich wie dieser als Stifter von Bauwerken und unterstützten religiöse Stiftungen *(Waqf),* um den Islam zu preisen und sich zugleich ein regelmäßiges persönliches Einkommen zu sichern."},"es":{"name":"Palacio del Emir Bashtak","date":"740 de la Hégira / 1339 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"Los emires mamelucos emulaban el mecenazgo arquitectónico del sultán y financiaban *waqf* de instituciones religiosas con el fin de ensalzar el islam y asegurarse ingresos personales regulares."},"it":{"name":"Palazzo Amir Bashtak.","date":"Egira 740 / d.C. 1339.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Gli emiri mamelucchi emulavano il mecenatismo in architettura del sultano e finanziavano i waqf per gli stabilimenti religiosi a maggior gloria dell’Islam e per assicurarsi regolari entrate personali."},"pt":{"name":"Palácio do emir Bashtak.","date":"740 H. / 1339 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Os grandes senhores mamelucos imitavam o mecenato arquitectónico do sultão e financiavam (*waqf)* instituições religiosas com o fim de glorificar o Islão e de assegurar rendimentos pessoais regulares."},"se":{"name":"Amir Bashtaks palats.","date":"740 e.H. / 1339 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Mamlukiska *emirer* imiterade sultanens mecenatskap när det gällde byggnadskonsten och de stödde därför religiösa institutioner, *waqf,* till islams ära. Men de gjorde det också för att skaffa sig själva en regelbunden inkomst."},"tr":{"name":"Emir Baştak Sarayı.","date":"H. 740 / M. 1339.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Memluk emirleri sultanların mimari alanındaki hamiliklerine özenirdi ve İslamiyeti yüceltmek ve düzenli bir kişisel geliri teminat altına almak amacıyla dini kurumlara bağlı vakıfları desteklerdi."},"ar":{"justification":"كان أمراء المماليك يقلدون رعاية السلطان المعمارية، ويدعمون الأوقاف العائدة إلى المؤسسات الدينية، تمجيداً للإسلام، وضماناً لدخل شخصي منتظم."},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk *amir*s emulated the sultan’s architectural patronage and supported *waqf*s belonging to religious institutions in order to glorify Islam and ensure a regular personal income."},"fr":{"justification":"Les émirs mamelouks imitent le mécénat architectural du sultan et financent des *waqf* au bénéfice d'institutions religieuses pour rendre gloire à l'islam et s'assurer des revenus personnels réguliers."}}},{"id":"9c99c966-ce63-54c0-ab28-822914e17003","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/3a750fda-ce6f-5af9-897a-ea695c9ca9c0.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Medrese* al-Dschakmakiyya","date":"AH 762–822 / AD 1361–1421/2","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Damaskus"},"es":{"name":"Madrasa al-Yaqmaqiyya","date":"762–822 de la Hégira / 1361–1422 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","justification":"Los emires mamelucos emulaban el mecenazgo arquitectónico del sultán y financiaban *waqf* de instituciones religiosas con el fin de ensalzar el islam y asegurarse ingresos personales regulares."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya.","date":"Egira 762–822 / d.C. 1361–1421/2.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Damasco","justification":"Gli emiri mamelucchi emulavano il mecenatismo in architettura del sultano e finanziavano i waqf per gli stabilimenti religiosi a maggior gloria dell’Islam e per assicurarsi regolari entrate personali."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya.","date":"762–822 H. / 1361–1421/2 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","justification":"Os grandes senhores mamelucos imitavam o mecenato arquitectónico do sultão e financiavam (*waqf)* instituições religiosas com o fim de glorificar o Islão e de assegurar rendimentos pessoais regulares."},"se":{"name":"Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya.","date":"762–822 e.H. / 1361–1421/2 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Damaskus.","justification":"Mamlukiska *emirer* imiterade sultanens mecenatskap när det gällde byggnadskonsten och de stödde därför religiösa institutioner, *waqf,* till islams ära. Men de gjorde det också för att skaffa sig själva en regelbunden inkomst."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Çakmak Medresesi.","date":"H. 762–822 / M. 1361–1421/2.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Şam","justification":"Memluk emirleri sultanların mimari alanındaki hamiliklerine özenirdi ve İslamiyeti yüceltmek ve düzenli bir kişisel geliri teminat altına almak amacıyla dini kurumlara bağlı vakıfları desteklerdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان أمراء المماليك يقلدون رعاية السلطان المعمارية، ويدعمون الأوقاف العائدة إلى المؤسسات الدينية، تمجيداً للإسلام وضماناً لدخل خاص منتظم.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk *amir*s emulated the sultan’s architectural patronage and supported *waqf*s belonging to religious institutions in order to glorify Islam and ensure a regular personal income"},"fr":{"justification":"Les émirs mamelouks imitent le mécénat architectural du sultan et financent des *waqf* au bénéfice d'institutions religieuses pour rendre gloire à l'islam et s'assurer des revenus personnels réguliers."}}},{"id":"115adb41-ded2-5669-b97c-a902df406833","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/4ac475fc-6301-50d2-a0d3-a2760dc84897.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Steinwappen","date":"AH spätes 9. bis frühes 10. Jahrhundert / AD spätes 15. bis frühes 16. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Aleppo","museum":"Nationalmuseum Aleppo, Islamische Abteilung","justification":"Die unverwechselbaren steinernen oder marmornen Wappen der Mamluken-*Sultane* auf einem Gebäude offenbarten dessen Stifter auf den ersten Blick."},"es":{"name":"Blasón de piedra","date":"Finales del siglo IX–principios del X de la Hégira / finales del XV–principios del XVI d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Aleppo","museum":"Museo Nacional de Alepo – Departamento Islámico","justification":"Los blasones de piedra o mármol de los sultanes mamelucos servían para identificar claramente a los patrocinadores de los edificios."},"it":{"name":"Stemma in pietra.","date":"Egira tardo IX–primi del X secolo / d.C. tardo XV–primi del XVI secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Aleppo","museum":"Museo Nazionale di Aleppo, Dipartimento Islamico.","justification":"Una pietra incisa o uno stemma scolpito in marmo rendevano molto più visibile ed inequivocabile la committenza di un sultano mamelucco."},"pt":{"name":"Brasão de pedra.","date":"Final do séc. IX-início do X H. / final do séc. XV-início do XVI d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Alepo","museum":"Museu Nacional de Alepo,  Departamento Islâmico.","justification":"Os brasões de pedra ou mármore dos sultões mamelucos serviam para identificar claramente os patrocinadores dos edifícios."},"se":{"name":"Vapensten.","date":"Slutet av 800-talet - början av 900-talet e.H. / slutet av 1400-talet - början av 1500-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Aleppo.","museum":"Nationalmuseet i Aleppo, Islamiska avdelningen","justification":"Mamluksultanens karakteristiska vapen i marmor eller sten gjorde att det var lätt att se vem som hade bekostat byggnaden."},"tr":{"name":"Taş blazon.","date":"H. 9. yy sonu–10. yy başı / M. 15. yy sonu–16. yy başı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Halep","museum":"Ulusal Müze, İslam Sanatı Seksiyonu","justification":"Memluk sultanlarının taştan ve mermerden armaları, yapıların banisi olmalarının doğrudan simgesidir."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان وسم السلطان المملوكي الحجري أو الرخامي يسهل تحديد هوية راعي البناء مباشرة.**"},"en":{"justification":"The Mamluk sultan’s distinctive stone or marble blazon made identification of a building’s patron much more straightforward."},"fr":{"justification":"Le blason en pierre ou en marbre du sultan facilite l'indentification du commanditaire d'un bâtiment."}}}]},{"id":"ee7a2a3a-731e-564b-b6f7-1f7eb1934418","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_94","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:94","parent_id":"5fece024-c74e-561d-b95d-491951907de9","country_id":null,"display_order":4,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"a000ebdb-1681-52a6-a40c-e080d3566746","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ccb84d9c-6e5d-584f-be02-c3b189e839cf.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"al-Aschrafiyya-*Medrese*","date":"AH 887 / AD 1482","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","justification":"Diese *Medrese* war das bedeutendste Bildungszentrum in Jerusalem."},"es":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya","date":"887 de la Hégira / 1482 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","justification":"Esta madrasa era el centro educativo más importante de Jerusalén."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya.","date":"Egira 887 / d.C. 1482.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","justification":"La *madrasa* era il più importante luogo di formazione a Gerusalemme."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya.","date":"887 H. / 1482 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","justification":"Esta *madrasa* era o centro educativo mais importante de Jerusalém."},"se":{"name":"Al-Ashrafiyya Madrasa.","date":"887 e.H. / 1482 e.kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Jerusalem.","justification":"Den viktigaste utbildningsinstitutionen i Jerusalem var *madrasa*."},"tr":{"name":"Eşrefiye Medresesi.","date":"H. 887 / M. 1482.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","justification":"Bu medrese, Kudüs'teki en önemli eğitim merkeziydi."},"ar":{"justification":"كانت المدرسة أهم المراكز التعليمية في القدس."},"en":{"justification":"The *madrasa* was the most important educational centre in Jerusalem."},"fr":{"justification":"La *madrasa* était le plus important centre d'éducation de Jérusalem."}}},{"id":"fa6d29c2-c6f8-50f2-8dc0-8cb061d97188","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/7ca77426-8352-550c-b9e4-14e947d6d63b.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Tankaziyya-*Medrese*","date":"AH 729 / AD 1328–9","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","justification":"In dieser *Medrese* konnten Lehrer und Studenten auch wohnen, essen und ein Stipendium beziehen."},"es":{"name":"Madrasa Tankaziyya","date":"729 de la Hégira / 1328–1329 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","justification":"La madrasa proporcionaba alojamiento, comida y dinero a profesores y estudiantes."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa Tankaziyya.","date":"Egira 729 / d.C. 1328–9.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","justification":"La *madrasa* forniva a insegnanti e studenti, vitto, alloggio e salario."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa Tankaziyya.","date":"729 H. / 1328–9 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","justification":"A *madrasa* proporcionava alojamento, alimentação e dinheiro a professores e estudantes."},"se":{"name":"Tankaziyya Madrasa.","date":"729 e.H. / 1328–9 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Jerusalem.","justification":"*Madrasa* hjälpte lärare och studerande med mat och husrum, och också pengar."},"tr":{"name":"Tenkiziye Medresesi.","date":"H. 729 / M. 1328–29.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","justification":"Medresede öğretmen ve öğrenciler için barınak, yiyecek ve para sağlanıyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت المدرسة تؤمن للمعلمين والطلبة المأوى والطعام والمعاش النقدي.**"},"en":{"justification":"The *madrasa* provided teachers and students with lodgings, food and money."},"fr":{"justification":"La *madrasa* fournissait logement, repas et argent aux enseignants et aux étudiants."}}},{"id":"e1a05d50-90fe-5598-b556-5c2fb0929803","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/fce06ddb-a839-5126-9153-a8defe89c7c0.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Tür des Felsendoms","date":"AH 872–901 / AD 1468–96","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","museum":"Islamisches Museum, al-Aqsa-Moschee / al-Haram al-Scharif","justification":"*Sultan* Qaytbay ließ diesen aufwändig gestalteten Eingang zum Felsendom herstellen."},"es":{"name":"Puerta de la Cúpula de la Cúpula de la Roca","date":"872–901 de la Hégira / 1468–1496 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","museum":"Museo Islámico de la Mezquita al-Aqsa – Al-Haram al-Sharif","justification":"El sultán Qaytbay encargó esta puerta tan elaborada para la Cúpula de la Roca."},"it":{"name":"Porta dalla Cupola della Roccia.","date":"Egira 872–901 / d.C. 1468–96.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","museum":"Museo Islamico, Moschea al-Aqsa  / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Il sultano Qaytbay fece costruire questa porta monumentale per la Cupola della Roccia."},"pt":{"name":"Porta da Cúpula do Rochedo.","date":"872–901 H. / 1468–96 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","museum":"Museu Islâmico, Mesquita de al-Aqsa / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"O sultão Qaytbay encomendou esta porta tão elaborada para a Cúpula do Rochedo."},"se":{"name":"Port från Klippdomen.","date":"872–901 e.H./ 1468–96 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Jerusalem.","museum":"Islamiska museet i al-Aqsamoskén / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Sultan Qaytbay beställde denna vackra port för Klippdomen."},"tr":{"name":"Kubbetü’s-Sahra’nın kapısı.","date":"H. 872–901 / M. 1468–96.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","museum":"İslamiyet Müzesi ve Mescid-i Aksa Kütüphanesi.","justification":"Kubbetü's-Sahra'nın bu süslü kapısını Sultan Kayıtbay yaptırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**جرى تنفيذ هذا الباب المتقن لقبّة الصخرة بأمر من السلطان قايتباي.**"},"en":{"justification":"Sultan Qaytbay commissioned this elaborate door for the Dome of the Rock."},"fr":{"justification":"Le sultan Qaytbay commandita cette impressionnante porte pour le Dôme du Rocher."}}},{"id":"dc5f0937-d5aa-54f6-ab26-c328b079d9bf","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8948ef92-039f-5c73-a444-2e48c828f578.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Koranmanuskript von Barsbay","date":"AH 825–41 / AD 1422–37","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","museum":"Islamisches Museum, al-Aqsa-Moschee / al-Haram al-Scharif","justification":"Ein luxuriöser Koran, den *Sultan* Barsbay für die *Aqsa*\\-Moschee in Jerusalem in Auftrag gab"},"es":{"name":"Manuscrito coránico (mashaf) de Barsbay","date":"825–841 de la Hégira / 1422–1437 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","museum":"Museo Islámico de la Mezquita al-Aqsa – Al-Haram al-Sharif","justification":"Lujoso Corán hecho por encargo del sultán Barsbay para la mezquita al-Aqsa de Jerusalén."},"it":{"name":"Mashaf (manoscritto coranico) di Barsbay.","date":"Egira 825–41 / d.C. 1422–37.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","museum":"Museo Islamico, Moschea al-Aqsa  / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Edizione lussuosa del Corano donata dal sultano Barsbay alla moschea al-Aqsa a Gerusalemme."},"pt":{"name":"Mashaf (manuscrito corânico) de Barsbay.","date":"825–41 H. / 1422–37 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","museum":"Museu Islâmico, Mesquita de al-Aqsa / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Luxuoso Alcorão feito por encomenda do sultão Barsbay para a mesquita de al-Aqsa em Jerusalém."},"se":{"name":"*Mashaf* (Koranhandskrift) från Barsbay.","date":"825–41 e.H./ 1422–37 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Jerusalem.","museum":"Islamiska museet i al-Aqsamoskén / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Koran i lyxutförande, beställd av sultanen Barsbay för al-Aqsamoskén i Jerusalem."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Barsbay’ın Kur’an’ı.","date":"H. 825–41 / M. 1422–37.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","museum":"İslamiyet Müzesi ve Mescid-i Aksa Kütüphanesi.","justification":"Kudüs'teki Mescid-i Aksa için Sultan Barsbay tarafından hazırlatılan görkemli bir Kur'an-ı Kerim"},"ar":{"justification":"**نسخة فخمة للقرآن أُنجزت بإيعاز من السلطان بارسباي لمصلحة المسجد الأقصى بالقدس.**"},"en":{"justification":"A luxury Qur’an commissioned by Sultan Barsbay for the Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem."},"fr":{"justification":"Luxueux coran commandité par le sultan Barsbay pour la mosquée al-Aqsa à Jérusalem."}}}]},{"id":"7b2c2d23-dc2f-50d9-92cf-f23ca9c8f4ce","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_98","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:98","parent_id":"282bf248-cb40-5b24-9d50-166d75b8a10e","country_id":null,"display_order":4,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"96998c67-dbae-5a23-8da5-21ca0231218d","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/e806d8a6-6f90-588b-96ca-fdc21ec5ff7e.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Moscheelampe","date":"Später als AH 23. Muharram 721 / AD 21. Februar 1321","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Lissabon","museum":"Calouste Gulbenkian Museum","justification":"Mamlukische Glaslampen haben einen hohen, nach oben hin geweiteten Hals, einen breiten, bauchigen Körper und einen Sockel. Die meisten bestehen aus durchsichtigem, emailliertem Glas."},"es":{"name":"Lámpara de mezquita","date":"Después del 23 de muharram de 721 / 21 de febrero de 1321.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Lisboa","museum":"Museo Calouste Gulbenkian","justification":"Las lámparas de cristal mamelucas tienen cuello largo y ensanchado, cuerpo achatado y bulboso, y pie en forma de pedestal. La mayoría son de cristal transparente esmaltado."},"it":{"name":"Lampada di moschea.","date":"Dopo Egira 23 Muharram 721 / d.C. 21 Febbraio 1321.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Lisbona.","museum":"Museo Calouste Gulbenkian.","justification":"Le lampade di vetro mamelucche hanno un collo alto e svasato, un corpo compatto a forma di bulbo e una base a piedistallo. La maggior parte sono in vetro chiaro smaltato."},"pt":{"name":"Lâmpada de mesquita.","date":"Posterior a 23 Muharram 721 / 21 de Fevereiro de 1321.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Lisboa.","museum":"Museu Calouste Gulbenkian.","justification":"As lâmpadas de vidro mamelucas têm gargalo largo e bojudo, corpo achatado e bolboso, e pé em forma de pedestal. A maioria são de vidro transparente esmaltado."},"tr":{"name":"Cami kandili.","date":"H. 23 Muharrem 721 / M. 21 Şubat 1321’den daha geç.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Lizbon.","museum":"Calouste Gulbenkian Müzesi.","justification":"Memluk döneminin cam kandilleri, uzun, çan şekilli bir boyun kısmına, bodur, yuvarlak bir gövdeye ve bir ayak kısmına sahiptir. Çoğu saydam mineli camdır."},"ar":{"justification":"**للمصابيح الزجاجية المملوكية التي يصنع جلها من البلور الشفاف أعناق متماوجة طويلة وكتل مورمة رابضة وقواعد سفلية.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk glass lamps have a tall, flaring neck, squat bulbous body and a pedestal foot. Most are of clear enamelled glass."},"fr":{"justification":"Les lampes en verre mameloukes présentent un col haut et évasé, une panse bulbeuse ramassée et un piédouche. La plupart sont en verre clair émaillé."},"se":{"justification":"Mamlukiska glaslampor har lång hals som vidgar sig upptill och rund svällande kropp på fot. De flesta är av klarglas med emaljmåleri."}}},{"id":"01b9cadc-1da9-5e4c-8402-8fb4c0c6b2b9","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/a1c262ef-e7cb-540d-b2a6-4585d1e99ba9.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Moscheelampe","date":"Erste Hälfte AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Istanbul","museum":"Museum für Türkische und Islamische Kunst","justification":"Die meisten mamlukischen Glaslampen bestehen aus durchsichtigem, emailliertem Glas. Dieses Exemplar gehört zu den wenigen, die innen grün bemalt wurden, um einen besonderen Lichteffekt zu erzielen."},"es":{"name":"Lámpara de mezquita","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Estambul","museum":"Museo de Arte Turco e Islámico","justification":"La mayoría de las lámparas de cristal mamelucas son de cristal transparente esmaltado. Este es uno de los raros ejemplos de lámpara que se pintó de verde por dentro para conseguir un efecto distinto."},"it":{"name":"Lampada da moschea.","date":"Egira prima metà dell’VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Istanbul","museum":"Museo delle Arti Turche e Islamiche.","justification":"La maggior parte delle lampade di vetro mamelucche sono in vetro chiaro smaltato. Questa lampada costituisce un raro esempio di lampada dipinta in verde dall’interno per ottenere un effetto diverso."},"pt":{"name":"Lâmpada de mesquita.","date":"Primeira metade do século VIII H. / séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Istambul","museum":"Museu das Artes Turca e Islâmica.","justification":"A maioria das lâmpadas de vidro mamelucas são de vidro transparente esmaltado. Este é um dos raros exemplos de lâmpada pintada de verde por dentro para se conseguir um efeito diferente."},"se":{"name":"Moskélampa.","date":"Första hälften av 700-talet e.H./ 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Sultanahmet","museum":"Museet för turkisk och islamisk konst.","justification":"De flesta mamlukiska lampor är av klarglas med målad dekoration. Här är en ovanlig lampa som gjorts grön på insidan för att effekten ska bli annorlunda."},"tr":{"name":"Cami kandili.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy ilk yarısı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"İstanbul","museum":"Türk ve İslam Eserleri Müzesi.","justification":"Memluk dönemine ait cam kandillerin çoğu, saydam mineli camdır. Bu, farklı bir etki elde etmek için içi yeşile boyanmış nadide bir örnek."},"ar":{"justification":"**تصنع جلّ المصابيح الزجاجية المملوكية** **من الزجاج الشفاف المرصع. وقد صُبغ هذا الأنموذج النادر باللون الأخضر من الداخل لإحداث تأثير مختلف.**"},"en":{"justification":"Most Mamluk glass lamps are of clear enamelled glass. This is a rare example that has been painted green inside to achieve a different effect."},"fr":{"justification":"La plupart des lampes en verre mameloukes sont en verre clair émaillé. Rare exemple de lampe peinte en vert à l'intérieur pour obtenir un effet lumineux différent."}}},{"id":"4a45199e-3af5-504d-9932-a1e4ed67dc93","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8ea32d6d-f50d-59f1-9ce1-63cd0ff86aeb.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Teil eines bedruckten Baumwollstoffes","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Mit Druckstöcken bedruckte Baumwolle war ein Massenprodukt. Das Muster auf diesem Fragment übernahm Dekormotive aus der damaligen Metallverarbeitung."},"es":{"name":"Fragmento de tejido de algodón estampado","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"El algodón estampado se producía a gran escala; el motivo de este fragmento está inspirado en los diseños con que se decoraban los objetos de metal de la época."},"it":{"name":"Frammento di tessuto in cotone stampato.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Il cotone stampato veniva prodotto in grandi quantità, i motivi decorativi di questo frammento si rifanno a quelli usati nella lavorazione dei metalli dell’epoca."},"pt":{"name":"Fragmento de tecido de algodão estampado.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"O algodão estampado era produzido em grande escala; o motivo deste fragmento foi inspirado nos desenhos com que se decoravam os objectos de metal da época."},"se":{"name":"Fragment av ett tryckt bomullstyg.","date":"700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"Tryckta bomullstyger massproducerades; detta tygstycke är inspirerat av de mönster som användes i metallhantverket på den här tiden."},"tr":{"name":"Baskı desenli pamuklu kumaş parçası.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Kalıp baskılı pamuklu kumaşın seri üretimi yapılıyordu; bu parçada görülen kalıp baskı, dönemin madeni eserlerinin bezemelerinden esinlenilmiş."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت الأقمشة القطنية المطبوعة تنتج بالجملة؛ وقد استلهمت العينة المعروضة على هذه القطعة** **من التصاميم الزخرفية المعاصرة لتزيين الأدوات المصنوعة من المعادن.**"},"en":{"justification":"Block-printed cotton was mass produced; the pattern seen on this fragment is inspired by contemporary decorative designs for metalwork."},"fr":{"justification":"Le coton imprimé était produit en série : le motif de ce fragment est inspiré de motifs décoratifs contemporains utilisés dans le travail du métal."}}},{"id":"f03adf8f-d5b8-514b-88b4-1fa35cd992e2","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/1fe3dc2f-e3dd-506c-b7e2-26d877d08ef0.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Teller","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Damaskus","museum":"Nationalmuseum Damaskus","justification":"Mamlukische Keramik versuchte oft, den Stil des blau-weißen chinesischen Porzellans nachzuahmen."},"es":{"name":"Plato","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Muchas veces, los ceramistas mamelucos intentaban imitar el azul y blanco de la porcelana china."},"it":{"name":"Piatto.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nazionale di Damasco","justification":"Le ceramiche mamelucche spesso si richiamano al gusto estetico degli oggetti cinesi in bianco e blu."},"pt":{"name":"Prato.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museu Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Os ceramistas mamelucos tentavam frequentemente imitar o azul e branco da porcelana chinesa."},"se":{"name":"Tallrik.","date":"700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Damaskus.","museum":"Nationalmuseet i Damaskus","justification":"Mamlukisk keramik försöker ofta imitera stilen hos det kinesiska blåvita porslinet."},"tr":{"name":"Tabak.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Şam","museum":"Ulusal Müze","justification":"Memluk seramikleri, çoğunlukla mavi-beyaz Çin seramiklerini taklit ederdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كثيراً ما كانت أعمال الخزف المملوكية تحاول تقليد الأواني الصينية ذوات اللونين الأزرق والأبيض الجمالية.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk ceramics often attempted to imitate the aesthetic of blue-and-white Chinese wares."},"fr":{"justification":"Les céramiques mameloukes tentent souvent d'imiter l'esthétique des porcelaines chinoises en bleu et blanc."}}},{"id":"d37a1bc2-10db-5fb2-9a7c-831f2a1d6997","display_order":5,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/9d4a28a5-bbaf-5bbb-a352-d34048ed9586.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Minbar*\\-Paneel","date":"AH spätes 8. bis frühes 9. Jahrhundert / AD spätes 14. bis frühes 15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Edinburgh","museum":"Königliches Museum, Staatliche Museen Schottland","justification":"Der geometrische Sternendekor auf dieser *Minbar*\\-Tür ist charakteristisch für Einrichtungsgegenstände aus der Zeit der Mamluken."},"es":{"name":"Panel de minbar","date":"Finales del siglo VIII–principios del IX de la Hégira / finales del XIV–principios del XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Edimburgo","museum":"Museos Nacionales de Escocia (NMS)","justification":"Los diseños de estrellas geométricas fueron típicos de los muebles mamelucos, como se aprecia en esta puerta de *minbar*."},"it":{"name":"Pannello di *minbar*.","date":"Egira tardo VIII–primi del IX secolo / d.C. tardo XIV–primi del XV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Edinburgo","museum":"Royal Museum, National Museums of Scotland (NMS).","justification":"Motivi geometrici a stella sono tipici dell'arredo mamelucco come quelli usati su questa porta di *minbar*."},"pt":{"name":"Painel de *minbar*.","date":"Final do séc. VIII-início do IX H. / final do séc. XIV–início do XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Edimburgo","museum":"Museu Real, Museus Nacionais da Escócia (NMS).","justification":"Os desenhos de estrelas geométricas foram típicos dos móveis mamelucos, como se constata nesta porta de *minbar*."},"se":{"name":"Panel från en *minbar*.","date":"Slutet av 700-talet - början av 800-talet e.H./ 1400-1500-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Edinburgh.","museum":"Royal Museum, National Museums of Scotland (NMS).","justification":"Geometriska stjärnmönster är typiska för mamlukiska inredningar, som på denna *minbar*\\-dörr."},"tr":{"name":"Minber kapısı.","date":"H. 8. yy sonu–9. yy başı / M. 14. yy sonu–15. yy başı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Edinburgh","museum":"Kraliyet Müzesi, İskoçya Ulusal Müzeleri.","justification":"Bu minber kapısının üzerindeki gibi geometrik yıldız kompozisyonları, Memluk döneminin tipik motiflerindendir."},"ar":{"justification":"**بالنسبة إلى قطع الأثاث المملوكية، تبقى قوالب النجوم الهندسية مثل تلك المستخدمة في باب هذا المنبر أنموذجية.**"},"en":{"justification":"Geometric-star patterns are typical of Mamluk furnishings, such as that used on this *minbar* door."},"fr":{"justification":"Les motifs géométriques en étoile, du style de celui de cette porte de *minbar*, sont typiques du mobilier mamelouk."}}}]},{"id":"5fece024-c74e-561d-b95d-491951907de9","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_theme_37","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_themes:37","parent_id":"217482b1-7626-531f-8ca9-51c2f680fe3d","country_id":null,"display_order":4,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[]},{"id":"217482b1-7626-531f-8ca9-51c2f680fe3d","type":"exhibition","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_17","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibitions:17","parent_id":"02d41fd6-5af1-5310-8a5a-d24ddc6e6fcc","country_id":null,"display_order":5,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"b20793d5-1141-55aa-a80e-ab4725d92f81","display_order":1,"variant_order":0,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/f2134996-a33b-597b-83a4-f09173cc55e2.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Türme der Zitadelle von Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi: Burg al-Ramla und Burg al-Haddad","date":"AH 579 / AD 1184","dynasty":"Ayyubiden","location":"Kairo"},"en":{"name":"Towers of the Citadel of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi: Burg al-Ramla and Burg al-Haddad"},"es":{"name":"Torres (bury) al-Ramla y al-Haddad de la ciudadela de Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi","date":"579 de la Hégira / 1184 d. C.","dynasty":"Ayyubíes.","location":"El Cairo"},"it":{"name":"Torri della Cittadella di Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi: Burg al-Ramla e Burg al-Haddad.","date":"Egira 579 / d.C. 1184.","dynasty":"Ayyubide.","location":"Cairo"},"pt":{"name":"Torres da cidadela de Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi: Burj al-Ramla e Burj al-Haddad.","date":"579 H. / 1184 d.C.","dynasty":"Ayyubidas.","location":"Cairo"},"se":{"name":"Tornen i Salah al-Din al Ayyubis citadell: Burg al-Ramla och Burg al-Haddad.","date":"579 e.H. / 1184 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Ayyubiderna.","location":"Kairo."},"tr":{"name":"Salaheddin Eyyubi Kalesi burçları: Ramla ve Haddad Burçları.","date":"H. 579 / M. 1184.","dynasty":"Eyyubi.","location":"Kahire"}}},{"id":"dc5f0937-d5aa-54f6-ab26-c328b079d9bf","display_order":2,"variant_order":0,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8948ef92-039f-5c73-a444-2e48c828f578.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Koranmanuskript von Barsbay","date":"AH 825–41 / AD 1422–37","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","museum":"Islamisches Museum, al-Aqsa-Moschee / al-Haram al-Scharif"},"en":{"name":"Mashaf (Qur’anic manuscript) of Barsbay"},"es":{"name":"Manuscrito coránico (mashaf) de Barsbay","date":"825–841 de la Hégira / 1422–1437 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","museum":"Museo Islámico de la Mezquita al-Aqsa – Al-Haram al-Sharif"},"it":{"name":"Mashaf (manoscritto coranico) di Barsbay.","date":"Egira 825–41 / d.C. 1422–37.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","museum":"Museo Islamico, Moschea al-Aqsa  / al-Haram al-Sharif."},"pt":{"name":"Mashaf (manuscrito corânico) de Barsbay.","date":"825–41 H. / 1422–37 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","museum":"Museu Islâmico, Mesquita de al-Aqsa / al-Haram al-Sharif."},"se":{"name":"*Mashaf* (Koranhandskrift) från Barsbay.","date":"825–41 e.H./ 1422–37 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Jerusalem.","museum":"Islamiska museet i al-Aqsamoskén / al-Haram al-Sharif."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Barsbay’ın Kur’an’ı.","date":"H. 825–41 / M. 1422–37.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","museum":"İslamiyet Müzesi ve Mescid-i Aksa Kütüphanesi."}}},{"id":"a000ebdb-1681-52a6-a40c-e080d3566746","display_order":3,"variant_order":0,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ccb84d9c-6e5d-584f-be02-c3b189e839cf.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"al-Aschrafiyya-*Medrese*","date":"AH 887 / AD 1482","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem"},"en":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya"},"es":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya","date":"887 de la Hégira / 1482 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén"},"it":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya.","date":"Egira 887 / d.C. 1482.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme"},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya.","date":"887 H. / 1482 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém"},"se":{"name":"Al-Ashrafiyya Madrasa.","date":"887 e.H. / 1482 e.kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Jerusalem."},"tr":{"name":"Eşrefiye Medresesi.","date":"H. 887 / M. 1482.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs"}}}]},{"id":"282bf248-cb40-5b24-9d50-166d75b8a10e","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_theme_38","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_themes:38","parent_id":"217482b1-7626-531f-8ca9-51c2f680fe3d","country_id":null,"display_order":5,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[]}]
+[{"id":"036e868a-be9f-5e20-a301-fbf277420082","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_80","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:80","parent_id":"e69dcd7a-5d1d-5edb-ae45-6bb6e2a8c847","country_id":null,"display_order":1,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"f30819fe-fb4c-5ec9-a552-17d8231b324a","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ef040928-57fc-538e-a231-fa846b48e69c.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Rüstung","date":"AH 7.–8. Jahrhundert / AD 13.–14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Damaskus","museum":"Nationalmuseum Damaskus","justification":"Jeder Mamluk besaß ein Schwert, eine Lanze, Pfeil und Bogen und ein Kettenhemd, das ihn im Kampf vor Schwertschlägen und Pfeilen beschützen sollte."},"es":{"name":"Cota de mallas","date":"Siglo VII o VIII de la Hégira / XIII o XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Los mamelucos disponían de espada, lanza, arco y flechas, así como de una cota de mallas que los protegía de las espadas y las flechas en la batalla."},"it":{"name":"Cotta di armatura.","date":"Egira secoli VII-VIII / d.C. secoli XIII–XIV.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nazionale di Damasco","justification":"Ogni Mamelucco possedeva una spada, una lancia, un arco con frecce e un’armatura metallica per difendersi in battaglia dai colpi di spada e dalle frecce."},"pt":{"name":"Cota de malha.","date":"Séc. VI-VIII H. / XIII-XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museu Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Os mamelucos dispunham de espada, lança, arco e flechas, assim como de uma cota de malhas que os protegia das espadas e das flechas durante a batalha."},"se":{"name":"Rustning.","date":"600-700-talet e.H. / 1200-1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Damaskus.","museum":"Nationalmuseet i Damaskus","justification":"Varje mamluk ägde ett svärd, en lans, båge och pilar, och en ringbrynja för att han skulle kunna stå emot pilar och svärdsslag."},"tr":{"name":"Zırh.","date":"H. 7.–8. yy / M. 13.–14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Şam","museum":"Ulusal Müze","justification":"Her Memluk, kılıç, mızrak, ok, yay ve savaş sırasında kılıç darbelerinden ve oklardan korunmak amacıyla örme zırh taşıyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"كان كل مملوك يملك سيفاً ورمحاً وقوساً ونشاباً وطقماً مدرعاً من الزرد، مما يمكنه من متابعة القتال دون أن يأبه بضربات السيوف والسهام."},"en":{"justification":"Every Mamluk owned a sword, a lance, a bow and arrow and a suit of chain-mail body armour so that he would stand a fighting chance of withstanding blows from swords and being shot at by arrows."},"fr":{"justification":"Chaque Mamelouk possède une épée, une lance, un arc, des flèches et une cotte de mailles lui permettant de résister aux attaques et de se protéger des tirs de flèches."}}},{"id":"d5394661-4645-57e7-b329-fa21ef1c08fd","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/bbfdcb9b-6aba-58a1-b2f8-0b13f973f5ea.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Schuppen-Rüstung und Schwerter","date":"AH 7. Jahrhundert / AD 13. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Amman","museum":"Jordanisches Archäologisches Museum","justification":"Nach dem Abschluss seiner Ausbildung erhielt jeder Mamluk eine militärische Ausrüstung und ein Pferd."},"es":{"name":"Cotas de malla y espadas","date":"Siglo VII de la Hégira / XIII d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Ammán","museum":"Museo Arqueológico de Jordania","justification":"Al terminar el adiestramiento, los mamelucos recibían un equipo militar completo y un caballo."},"it":{"name":"Armature.","date":"Egira VII secolo / d.C. XIII secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Amman","museum":"Museo Archeologico di Giordania.","justification":"Al termine della formazione militare ogni Mamelucco riceveva un completo equipaggiamento di armi e un cavallo."},"pt":{"name":"Cotas de malha e espadas.","date":"Séc. VII H. / XIII d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Amã","museum":"Museu Arqueológico da Jordânia.","justification":"Ao terminar o adestramento, os mamelucos recebiam um equipamento militar completo e um cavalo."},"se":{"name":"Ett par ringbrynjor och svärd.","date":"600-talet e.H. /1200-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiska.","location":"Amman","museum":"Jordaniens arkeologiska museum.","justification":"När utbildningen var avslutad fick varje mamluk en hel militär utrustning och en häst."},"tr":{"name":"Zırhlar ve kılıçlar.","date":"H. 7. yy / M. 13. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Amman","museum":"Ürdün Arkeoloji Müzesi.","justification":"Eğitimini tamamlayan her Memluk'a bir takım askeri teçhizat ve bir at veriliyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان كل مملوك يحصل، لدى استكماله لدورته التدريبية، على مجموعة من المُعدَّات العسكرية، مع حصان.**"},"en":{"justification":"On completion of his training every Mamluk received a set of military equipment and a horse."},"fr":{"justification":"Une fois sa formation achevée, le Mamelouk reçoit son équipement militaire et un cheval."}}},{"id":"42a95db0-705d-5ebb-926f-d8bab4c95c82","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/f4233bfa-e666-5f22-9577-675e0322e82a.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Schwert","date":"AH 907 / AD 1501","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Die Ausrüstung von Offizieren oder *Sultanen* war oft mit goldintarsierten Segenssprüchen oder den offiziellen Titeln des Trägers verziert."},"es":{"name":"Espada","date":"907 de la Hégira / 1501 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"El equipamiento de los comandantes o los sultanes solía estar adornado con incrustaciones de oro en las que figuraba alguna bendición o su cargo oficial."},"it":{"name":"Spada.","date":"Egira 907 / d.C. 1501.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"L’equipaggiamento dei comandanti o dei sultani era spesso impreziosito con benedizioni intarsiate in oro o con la dizione del grado e titolo."},"pt":{"name":"Espada.","date":"907 H. / 1501 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"O equipamento dos comandantes ou dos sultões costumava estar adornado com incrustações de ouro nas quais figurava algum tipo de benção e o seu posto oficial."},"se":{"name":"Svärd.","date":"907 e.H. / 1501 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"Befälhavarnas och sultanernas utrustning hade ofta inläggningar i guld med välsignelsefraser eller officiella titlar."},"tr":{"name":"Kılıç.","date":"H. 907 / M. 1501.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Komutanların veya sultanların donanımı üzerinde çoğunlukla altın kakma hayır duaları ya da resmi unvanları yazılıydı."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت مُعدَّات القادة أو السلاطين تُزين في أغلب الأحيان بالدعوات أو الألقاب الرسمية، المكتوبة بأحرف ذهبية.**"},"en":{"justification":"The equipment of commanders or sultans was often embellished with gold-inlaid blessings or their official titles."},"fr":{"justification":"L'équipement des commandants ou des sultans est souvent orné d'inscriptions, incrustées en or, de bénédictions ou de titres officiels."}}}]},{"id":"6f47a9bf-47af-5ba5-80f4-3405332e6bed","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_84","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:84","parent_id":"b1f3d679-a18b-5258-af5f-524e8530cb84","country_id":null,"display_order":1,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"92b6403f-d36a-550d-b953-dceb45d22cf5","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ba2c23db-185d-513f-a72a-e103038435e7.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Kaaba*\\-Schlüssel","date":"AH 765 / AD 1363","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Die Mamluken-*Sultane* stifteten heilige Schlüssel für die *Kaaba* in Mekka, das größte Heiligtum im Islam."},"es":{"name":"Llave de la Kaaba","date":"765 de la Hégira / 1363 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"Los sultanes mamelucos donaron llaves sagradas a la Kaaba de La Meca, el santuario más sagrado del islam."},"it":{"name":"Chiave per la Ka’ba.","date":"Egira 765 / d.C. 1363.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Le sacre chiavi della *Kaba* della Mecca, il santuario più sacro dell'Islam, donate dai sultani mamelucchi."},"pt":{"name":"Chave da Kaaba.","date":"765 H. / 1363 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"Os sultões mamelucos doaram chaves sagradas à Kaaba de Meca, o santuário mais sagrado do Islão."},"se":{"name":"Nyckel till Kaban.","date":"765 e.H./ 1363 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"Mamluksultanerna skänkte heliga nycklar till Kaban i Mekka, islams viktigaste helgedom."},"tr":{"name":"Kâbe anahtarı.","date":"H. 765 / M. 1363.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Memluk sultanları, İslamiyetin en kutsal mabedi olan Kâbe'ye kutsal anahtarlar bağışlardı."},"ar":{"justification":"درج سلاطين المماليك على عادة منح مفاتيح مقدسة للكعبة بمكة، أقدس المزارات عند المسلمين."},"en":{"justification":"The Mamluk sultans donated sacred keys to the *Ka’ba* in Mecca, the holiest shrine in Islam."},"fr":{"justification":"Les sultans mamelouks faisaient don des clés de la *Kaaba* à La Mecque, le plus éminent lieu saint de l'islam."}}},{"id":"ad9d8415-0b17-5ab2-bb81-d214aedc3c9e","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/60c6c7f0-f930-5ee9-b946-93b6b2db7ecd.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Koran","date":"AH 842–57 / AD 1438–53","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Die Kunstfertigkeit, mit der unter den Mamluken viele Korane hergestellt wurden, ist ein Ausdruck der Frömmigkeit dieser Herrscher."},"es":{"name":"Corán","date":"842–857 de la Hégira / 1438–1453 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"El virtuosismo con el que se elaboraron muchos coranes mamelucos refleja su devoción religiosa."},"it":{"name":"Corano.","date":"Egira 842–57 / d.C. 1438–53.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Il virtuosismo di esecuzione di molti corani prodotti in quest’epoca fa pensare alla particolare devozione dei Mamelucchi all’Islam."},"pt":{"name":"Alcorão.","date":"842–57 H. /  1438–53 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"O virtuosismo com que se elaboraram muitos exemplares mamelucos do Alcorão reflecte a sua devoção religiosa."},"se":{"name":"Koran.","date":"842–57 e.H. / 1438–53 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"De många oerhört skickligt utförda koranerna är ett uttryck för mamluktidens starka muslimska tro."},"tr":{"name":"Kur’an-ı Kerim.","date":"H. 842–57 / M. 1438–53.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Memluklar tarafından yazdırılmış birçok Kur'an'ın güzelliği, onların İslamiyete bağlılıklarını yansıtıyor."},"ar":{"justification":"**قد تكون البراعةُ الفائقة المميزة للعديد من نسخ القرآن المملوكية البرهانَ الساطع على مدى إخلاص المماليك للدين الإسلامي.**"},"en":{"justification":"The virtuosity of many Mamluk-produced Qur’ans is a befitting reflection of their devotion to Islam."},"fr":{"justification":"La virtuosité dont témoigne la qualité de nombreux corans produits sous les Mamelouks reflète leur dévotion à l'islam."}}},{"id":"5afe91bf-fea8-55d3-82ee-a8b6233aab07","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/dc9aa87c-464b-5b43-aff4-60895e4ec60f.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Al-Haram al-Scharif (Edles Heiligtum)","date":"AH 15–493 / AD 637–1099; AH 583–1336 / AD 1187–1917","dynasty":"Umayyaden bis Osmanen","location":"Jerusalem","justification":"In Jerusalem, der drittheiligsten islamischen Stadt, betätigten sich die Mamluken im großen Stil als Stifter und Wohltäter."},"es":{"name":"Al-Haram al-Sharif (Noble Santuario)","date":"15–493 y 583–1336 de la Hégira / 637–1099 y 1187–1917 d. C.","dynasty":"Desde omeyas hasta otomanos.","location":"Jerusalén","justification":"Los mamelucos se mostraron como generosos mecenas con Jerusalén, la tercera ciudad santa del islam."},"it":{"name":"Al-Haram al-Sharif (Nobile Santuario).","date":"Egira 15–493 / d.C. 637–1099; Egira 583–1336 / d.C. 1187–1917.","dynasty":"Dall’età omayyade agli Ottomani.","location":"Gerusalemme","justification":"Gerusalemme, la terza città santa dell’Islam, godette di generose protezioni da parte dei Mamelucchi."},"pt":{"name":"Al-Haram al-Sharif (Nobre Santuário).","date":"15–493 H. / 637–1099 d.C.; 583–1336 H. / 1187–1917 d.C.","dynasty":"Um conjunto de sucessivos períodos islâmicos, que vão dos Omeias às dinastias otomanas.","location":"Jerusalém","justification":"Os mamelucos foram generosos mecenas de Jerusalém, a terceira cidade santa do Islão."},"se":{"name":"Al-Haram al-Sharif (Ädla Helgedomen).","date":"15–493 e.H. / 637–1099 e.Kr; 583–1336 e.H. / 1187–1917 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Under en följd av islamiska perioder, från umayyaderna till ottomanerna.","location":"Jerusalem.","justification":"Mamlukiska mecenater stödde frikostigt Jerusalem, som intog tredjeplatsen bland islams heliga städer."},"tr":{"name":"Haremü’ş-Şerif.","date":"H. 15–493 / M. 637–1099; H. 583–1336 / M. 1187–1917.","dynasty":"Emevilerden Osmanlılara uzanan bir dizi inşaat.","location":"Kudüs","justification":"Memluklar, İslamiyetin üçüncü kutsal kenti Kudüs'te birçok eser yaptırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت القدس، ثالث المدن الإسلامية المقدسة، تتمتع برعاية مملوكية واسعة.**"},"en":{"justification":"Jerusalem, the third holiest Islamic city, enjoyed extensive Mamluk patronage."},"fr":{"justification":"Jérusalem, troisième lieu saint de l'islam, a bénéficié d'un important mécénat mamelouk."}}},{"id":"b35cbc07-d87d-5f89-b803-e7930fc1b57b","display_order":3,"variant_order":2,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/f53c8648-df91-5c9f-97a8-713a3cff3341.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Sabil* von *Sultan* Qaytbay","date":"Erbaut AH 887 / AD 1482, renoviert AH 1300 / AD 1882–3","dynasty":"Das Gebäude stammt aus der Zeit der Mamluken und wurde von den Osmanen restauriert.","location":"Jerusalem","justification":"Ein vom Mamluken\\-*Sultan* al-Aschraf Qaytbay erbauter *Sabil*"},"es":{"name":"Sabil del Sultán Qaytbay","date":"Construido en 887 de la Hégira / 1482 d. C.; renovado en 1300 / 1882–1883.","dynasty":"Erigido en época mameluca y restaurado en el periodo otomano.","location":"Jerusalén","justification":"Sabil construido por el sultán mameluco al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"it":{"name":"Sabil del Sultano Qaytbay.","date":"Costruito nell’887 dell’Egira/ d.C. 1482, poi rinnovato nel 1300 dell’Egira / d.C. 1882–3.","dynasty":"L’edificio data all’epoca mamelucca e fu rinnovato in epoca ottomana.","location":"Gerusalemme","justification":"Un s*abil* fatto costruire dal sultano mamelucco al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"pt":{"name":"Sabil do sultão Qaytbay.","date":"Construído em 887 H. / 1482 d.C.; renovado em 1300 H./ 1882–3 d.C.","dynasty":"O edifício data do período mameluco, tendo sido renovado na época otomana.","location":"Jerusalém","justification":"*Sabil* construído pelo sultão mameluco al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"se":{"name":"Sultan Qaytbays sabil.","date":"Byggd 887 e.H./ 1482 e.Kr., därefter ombyggd 1300 e.H. / 1882–3 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Byggnaden är från mamluktiden och restaurerades under ottomansk tid.","location":"Jerusalem.","justification":"*Sabil*, byggd av mamluksultanen al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Kayıtbay Sebili.","date":"H. 887 / M. 1482’de inşa edildi, H. 1300 / M. 1882–83’te yenilendi.","dynasty":"Memluk inşası; Osmanlı yenilemesi.","location":"Kudüs","justification":"Memluk Sultanı Eşref Kayıtbay tarafından yaptırılan bir sebil."},"ar":{"justification":"سبيل ماء ابتناه السلطان المملوكي الأشرف قايتباي."},"en":{"justification":"*Sabil* built by the Mamluk sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"fr":{"justification":"*Sabil* édifié par le sultan mamelouk al-Achraf Qaytbay."}}},{"id":"a000ebdb-1681-52a6-a40c-e080d3566746","display_order":3,"variant_order":3,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ccb84d9c-6e5d-584f-be02-c3b189e839cf.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"al-Aschrafiyya-*Medrese*","date":"AH 887 / AD 1482","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","justification":"Eine vom Mamluken-*Sultan* al-Aschraf Qaytbay erbaute *Medrese*"},"es":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya","date":"887 de la Hégira / 1482 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","justification":"Madrasa construida por el sultán mameluco al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya.","date":"Egira 887 / d.C. 1482.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","justification":"La m*adrasa* fatta costruire dal sultano mamelucco al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya.","date":"887 H. / 1482 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","justification":"*Madrasa* construída pelo sultão mameluco al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"se":{"name":"Al-Ashrafiyya Madrasa.","date":"887 e.H. / 1482 e.kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Jerusalem.","justification":"*Madrasa*, byggd av mamluksultanen al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"tr":{"name":"Eşrefiye Medresesi.","date":"H. 887 / M. 1482.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","justification":"Memluk Sultanı Eşref Kayıtbay tarafından yaptırılan bir medrese."},"ar":{"justification":"مدرسة ابتناها السلطان المملوكي الأشرف قايتباي."},"en":{"justification":"*Madrasa* built by Mamluk sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay."},"fr":{"justification":"*Madrasa* édifiée par le sultan mamelouk al-Achraf Qaytbay."}}}]},{"id":"7e1dd92e-fca9-5d89-aaaf-7b9903fb14af","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_88","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:88","parent_id":"0d96fdda-709f-55ff-974d-36ce25e67b8e","country_id":null,"display_order":1,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"dfe32ab1-3f2d-5b86-a9eb-e9b6f8d8f2a4","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/76207d8f-0883-5762-8194-ea796169e1fb.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Kamm","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Alltagsgegenstände wie dieser Kamm erlauben einen kleinen Einblick in das Leben der einfachen Leute."},"es":{"name":"Peine","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"Objetos como este peine dan pequeñas pistas sobre la vida cotidiana de la gente corriente."},"it":{"name":"Pettine.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Oggetti di uso quotidiano come questo pettine ci aiutano a immaginare quale potessero essere le abitudini della gente comune."},"pt":{"name":"Pente.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"Objectos como este pente dão pequenas pistas sobre a vida quotidiana de pessoas comuns."},"se":{"name":"Kam.","date":"700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"Vardagliga ting som den här kammen ger en uppfattning om hur det dagliga livet var för vanliga människor."},"tr":{"name":"Tarak.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Bu tarak gibi günlük kullanım eşyaları, sıradan halkın günlük yaşamı hakkında ipuçları veriyor."},"ar":{"justification":"**من شأن حاجات يومية معينة مثل هذا المشط، أن تلقي بعض الضوء على الحياة اليومية للناس العاديين.**"},"en":{"justification":"Everyday items like this comb give small glimpses into the daily lives of ordinary people."},"fr":{"justification":"D'humbles objets comme ce peigne donnent une idée de la vie quotidienne du peuple."}}},{"id":"d7236dce-568e-5d36-8503-8a239f068eea","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/9f225132-0417-5de1-b97c-b7a0a313fa55.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Kajalbehälter","date":"AH 8.–9. Jahrhundert / AD 14.–15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Eine kleine Flasche für Kajal, das als Augenkosmetik damals sowohl von Frauen als auch von Männern benutzt wurde"},"es":{"name":"Frasco de kohl","date":"Siglo VIII o IX de la Hégira / XIV o XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"Recipiente para kohl, un cosmético que usaban hombres y mujeres de la época para delinearse los ojos."},"it":{"name":"Contenitore di kohl.","date":"Egira VIII–IX secolo / d.C. XIV–XV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Contenitore di *kohl,* cosmetico usato da uomini e donne per accentuare l'espressione degli occhi."},"pt":{"name":"Frasco de kohl.","date":"Séc. VIII-IX H. / XIV-XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"Recipiente para kohl, um cosmético usado homens e mulheres daquela época para delinear os olhos."},"se":{"name":"Behållare för ögonsmink (kajal).","date":"700-800-talet e.H. / 1300-1400-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"En liten behållare för kajal, ögonsmink som både män och kvinnor använde under den här tiden."},"tr":{"name":"Sürmedan.","date":"H. 8.–9. yy / M. 14.–15. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"O dönemde hem kadınlar hem de erkekler tarafından gözleri belirginleştirmek için kullanılan rastık veya sürme saklamak için kullanılan bir kap."},"ar":{"justification":"**وعاء لحفظ الكُحل، وهي مادة للزينة تُستخدم لإبراز العيون، وشاع استخدامها لدى كل من الرجال والنساء، في تلك الفترة.**"},"en":{"justification":"A container used to hold *kohl,* a cosmetic used to accentuate the eyes, the use of which was common for both men and women of the period."},"fr":{"justification":"Récipient à *kohl*, cosmétique utilisé pour mettre le regard en valeur et qui était couramment utilisé aussi bien par les hommes que par les femmes de l'époque."}}},{"id":"d6242eaa-ac06-5d04-8911-4ba4cf7ef4f6","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/871452de-d82a-5a26-a22e-8dbd28af3e51.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Essensbehälter","date":"AH 9. / AD 15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"The British Museum","justification":"Diese Brotbüchsen konnten komplette Mahlzeiten aufnehmen. Sie waren abschließbar, damit niemand das Essen vergiften konnte."},"es":{"name":"Fiambrera","date":"Siglo IX de la Hégira / XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Británico","justification":"En estas fiambreras podía llevarse todo un almuerzo. Se cerraban con candado para evitar que alguien envenenase el contenido."},"it":{"name":"Gavetta.","date":"Egira IX secolo / d.C. XV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Un intero pasto poteva entrare in questo contenitore con serratura: era chiuso per evitare che qualcuno potesse alterare il cibo."},"pt":{"name":"Marmita","date":"Séc. IX H. / XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Britânico.","justification":"Nestas marmitas podia levar-se toda uma refeição. Eram fechadas com cadeado para evitar que alguém envenenasse o conteúdo."},"se":{"name":"Matlåda.","date":"800-talet e.H. / 1400-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"London.","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"En hel måltid kunde transporteras i en matbehållare som den här. De var låsbara, för att hindra att någon förgiftade maten."},"tr":{"name":"Sefertası.","date":"H. 9. / M. 15. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"The British Museum.","justification":"Bu kaplarla bir öğünlük yemek taşınabiliyordu. Zehir katılmasını önlemek için bunlar kapaklıydı."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت هذه الحاويات للطعام قابلة لنقل وجبات كاملة ؛ وكان بالإمكان إقفالها للحيلولة دون دس السم إلى المحتويات.**"},"en":{"justification":"Complete meals could be conveyed in these food containers. They were lockable to prevent anyone poisoning the contents."},"fr":{"justification":"Des repas entiers étaient transportés dans ces récipients qui pouvaient être fermés pour éviter que l'on n'empoisonne leur contenu."}}},{"id":"f49a881b-465e-552f-97b1-6bfcba915e82","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ceadc1ba-068c-595e-8c52-b098b6d7f930.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Flasche oder Parfumzerstäuber","date":"AH 7. Jahrhundert / AD 13. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Amman","museum":"Jordanisches Archäologisches Museum","justification":"Parfum und Weihrauch waren feste Bestandteile der muslimischen Körperpflege. Auch Moscheen und Paläste waren von solchen Düften erfüllt."},"es":{"name":"Botella o perfumador","date":"Siglo VII de la Hégira / XIII d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Ammán","museum":"Museo Arqueológico de Jordania","justification":"El perfume y el incienso formaban parte de la higiene personal de los musulmanes. Además, se usaban para perfumar el interior de mezquitas y palacios."},"it":{"name":"Bottiglia o spruzzatore di profumo.","date":"Egira VII secolo / d.C. XIII secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Amman","museum":"Museo Archeologico di Giordania.","justification":"Profumi e incensi facevano parte integrante della cosmesi personale dei musulmani, oltre ad essere impiegati per profumare gli interni di moschee e palazzi."},"pt":{"name":"Garrafa ou perfumador.","date":"Séc. VII H. / XIII d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Amã","museum":"Museu Arqueológico da Jordânia.","justification":"O perfume e o incenso faziam parte da higiene pessoal dos muçulmanos. Além disso, eram usados para perfumar o interior das mesquitas e dos palácios."},"se":{"name":"Flaska, ev. stänkflaska för parfym","date":"600-talet e.H. /1200-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Amman","museum":"Jordaniens arkeologiska museum.","justification":"Parfym och rökelse hörde till den muslimska kroppsvården, och förekom flitigt inne i både palats och moskéer."},"tr":{"name":"Şişe veya gülabdan.","date":"H. 7. yy / M. 13. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Amman","museum":"Ürdün Arkeoloji Müzesi.","justification":"Parfüm ve tütsü, Müslümanların kişisel bakımlarının ayrılmaz parçalarıydı ve ayrıca cami ve sarayların içini kokulandırmak için kullanılırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت العطور والبخور من الأمور الأساسية بالنسبة إلى نظافة المسلم الشخصية، كما كانت تستخدم لتعطير أجواء مداخل المساجد والقصور.**"},"en":{"justification":"Perfume and incense were integral to a Muslim’s personal hygiene, and in addition were used to fragrance the interiors of mosques and palaces."},"fr":{"justification":"Les parfums et l'encens font partie des accessoires d'hygiène personnelle du musulman et servent également à parfumer l'intérieur des mosquées et des palais."}}},{"id":"41e2c44a-687b-5a33-a465-b90fb6356433","display_order":5,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/22c1c6a5-7d1c-5d78-b3d7-3b1a7d572017.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Flasche","date":"AH Mitte 8. Jahrhundert / AD Mitte 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Lissabon","museum":"Calouste Gulbenkian Museum","justification":"Die besseren Kreise im Reich eiferten in ihrem Lebensstil der mamlukischen Elite nach."},"es":{"name":"Botella","date":"Mediados del siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Lisboa","museum":"Museo Calouste Gulbenkian","justification":"Las clases privilegiadas del Imperio Mameluco aspiraban a llevar el estilo de vida de la élite mameluca."},"it":{"name":"Bottiglia.","date":"Egira metà VIII secolo / d.C. metà XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Lisbona.","museum":"Museo Calouste Gulbenkian.","justification":"Le classi agiate nell’impero mamelucco tendevano a condurre uno stile di vita comparabile a quello della casta mamelucca."},"pt":{"name":"Garrafa.","date":"Meados do séc. VIII H. / meados do séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Lisboa.","museum":"Museu Calouste Gulbenkian.","justification":"As classes privilegiadas do Império Mameluco aspiravam a um estilo de vida semelhante ao da elite mameluca."},"tr":{"name":"Şişe.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy ortası.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Lizbon.","museum":"Calouste Gulbenkian Müzesi.","justification":"Memluk toplumunun üst kesimleri, Memluk elitininkine benzer bir yaşam tarzına özenirdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**من المؤكَّد أن الطبقات العليا في الإمبراطورية المملوكية كانت تحلم بأنماط حياتية شبيهة بما لدى النخبة المملوكية.**"},"en":{"justification":"The upper-classes of the Mamluk Empire would have aspired to a lifestyle comparable to that of the Mamluk elite."},"fr":{"justification":"Les classes supérieures de l'empire aspiraient à un style de vie comparable à celui de l'élite mamelouke."},"se":{"justification":"I hela det stora mamlukriket ville överklassen leva samma lyxliv som den mamlukiska eliten."}}}]},{"id":"1fe29955-194b-5f40-833a-ae7bf2b5e383","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_91","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:91","parent_id":"5fece024-c74e-561d-b95d-491951907de9","country_id":null,"display_order":1,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"51f8fa23-51c6-5b98-a17b-e786e16768ed","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/16dfaf92-dfce-546c-a7dd-be3c9b887600.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Medrese* und Moschee von *Sultan* Hasan","date":"AH 764 / AD 1362","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Der *Sultan*\\-Hasan-Komplex verband eine Moschee mit vier *Medresen,* deren jede auf eine der vier Schulen *sunnitischer* Rechtssprechung *(Fiqh)* spezialisiert war. Auch Unterkünfte für Studenten und Angestellte, eine Bibliothek, ein *Hamam* und Küchen waren Teil der Anlage."},"es":{"name":"Madrasa y mezquita del Sultán Hasan","date":"764 de la Hégira / 1362 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"*El complejo del sultán Hasan incluía una mezquita y cuatro madrasas, cada una de las cuales se especializó en enseñar una de las escuelas de jurisprudencia sunní *(fiqh).* También albergaba alojamientos para estudiantes y empleados, una biblioteca, baños públicos *(hammam)* y cocinas.*"},"it":{"name":"Madrasa e Moschea di Sultan Hasan.","date":"Egira 764 / d.C. 1362.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Il complesso del sultano Hasan è composto da una moschea e quattro *madrasa* ciascuna delle quali specializzata nell'insegnamento di una delle quattro dottrine religiose e legali dell'Islam sunnita (*Fiqh*). In esso trovavano posto anche gli alloggi per gli studenti e per il personale, una biblioteca, un bagno pubblico (*hammam*) e le cucine."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa e mesquita do sultão Hassan.","date":"764 H. / 1362 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"O complexo do sultão Hassan incluía uma mesquita e quatro *madrasas*, cada uma delas especializada em ensinar uma das escolas de jurisprudência sunita (*fiqh*). Também compreendia alojamentos para estudantes e funcionários, uma biblioteca, banhos públicos (*hammam*) e cozinhas."},"se":{"name":"Sultan Hassans madrasa och moské.","date":"764 e.H. / 1362 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Sultan Hassans anläggning kombinerade en moské och fyra *madrasa*, som var och en var specialiserad på att lära ut någon av de fyra sunnimuslimska principerna för rättsskipning (*Fiqh*). Där fanns också bostäder för eleverna och de anställda, bibliotek, badhus (*hammam*) och kök."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Hasan Medrese ve Camii.","date":"H. 764 / M. 1362.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Sultan Hasan Külliyesi'nde bir cami ve dört medrese bulunuyor. Bunların her biri, Sünni İslam fıkhının dallarının birinde uzmanlaşmıştı. Bu külliyede ayrıca öğrenci ve çalışanlar için barınaklar, bir kütüphane, bir hamam ve mutfaklar mevcuttu."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان مُجمَّع السلطان حسن يضم مسجداً وأربعة مدارس تخصصت كل منها في تدريس تعاليم أحد المذاهب الإسلامية السنية الأربعة في الفقه. وكان المُجمَّع يضم أيضاً مساكن للطلبة والعاملين ومكتبة وحماماً وعدداً من المطابخ.**"},"en":{"justification":"The Sultan Hassan Complex combined a mosque and four *madrasa*s each of which specialised in teaching one of the Schools of Muslim Sunni religious jurisprudence (*Fiqh*). It also had student and employee lodgings, a library, a bathhouse (*hammam*) and kitchens."},"fr":{"justification":"Le complexe du sultan Hassan regroupe une mosquée et quatre *madrasa* – chacune spécialisée dans l'une des écoles de la jurisprudence religieuse sunnite (*fiqh*) – ainsi que des logements pour les étudiants et les employés, une bibliothèque, un hammam et des cuisines."}}},{"id":"54e60e87-a0d4-5416-b5e8-03ace6751eca","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/eecddfd6-8d0c-5383-865e-03fd6d60ef23.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Seite eines Korans","date":"AH 8.–9. Jahrhundert / AD 14.–15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Stockholm","museum":"Mittelmeermuseum (Medelhavsmuseet)","justification":"Ein Blatt aus einem illuminierten Koranmanuskript. Ähnlich wertvolle Korane wurden allen großen Moscheen und *Medresen* des Reichs gestiftet."},"es":{"name":"Página de Corán","date":"Siglo VIII o IX de la Hégira / XIV o XV  d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Estocolmo","museum":"Museo de Antigüedades del Mediterráneo y Oriente Próximo (Medelhavsmuseet)","justification":"Página iluminada de Corán; se donaban coranes tan valiosos como este a mezquitas mayores y madrasas de todo el Imperio."},"it":{"name":"Pagina di Corano.","date":"Egira secoli VIII-IX/ d.C. secoli XIV-XV.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Stoccolma","museum":"Museo del Mediterraneo e del Vicino Oriente (Medelhavsmuseet).","justification":"Foglio di Corano miniato; corani preziosi come questo venivano donati alle maggiori moschee e *madrasa* dell'impero."},"pt":{"name":"Página do Alcorão.","date":"Sécs. VIII-IX H. /XIV-XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Estocolmo","museum":"Museu das Antiguidades do Mediterrâneo e do Próximo Oriente(Medelhavsmuseet).","justification":"Página iluminada do Alcorão; doavam-se exemplares tão valiosos como este a mesquitas aljamas e a *madrasas* de todo o Império."},"tr":{"name":"Kur’an sayfası.","date":"H. 8.–9. yy / M. 14.–15. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Stockholm","museum":"Akdeniz ve Yakın Doğu Eserleri Müzesi (Medelhavsmuseet).","justification":"Tezhipli bir Kur'an sayfası; benzer güzellikteki Kur'an'lar, ülkenin her köşesindeki büyük camilere ve medreselere bağışlanırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**ورقة مزخرفة من القرآن؛ وقد جرى وقف نسخ ثمينة من القرآن مثلها لسائر المساجد الكبيرة والمدارس (الكتاتيب) على طول البلاد وعرضها.**"},"en":{"justification":"An illuminated leaf from a Qur’an; similarly precious Qur’ans were endowed to all the major mosques and *madrasa*s throughout the empire."},"fr":{"justification":"Folio de coran enluminé. De précieux corans de ce type étaient offerts aux grandes mosquées et *madrasa* de l'empire."},"se":{"justification":"En illuminerad sida ur Koranen; liknande dyrbara Koraner skänktes till alla större moskéer och *madrasa* i hela riket."}}},{"id":"54e3a0d3-6ecd-5314-a088-45db5e7956cd","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/9c64d9a6-8121-59c2-be05-6fbf56a8c5c7.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Stiftdose","date":"AH Mitte 8. Jahrhundert / AD Mitte 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"The British Museum","justification":"Eine Schreibschatulle, die das hohe Ansehen von Schreibern, Kalligrafen und Intellektuellen in der mamlukischen Gesellschaft verdeutlicht."},"es":{"name":"Estuche de plumas","date":"Mediados del siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Británico","justification":"Los estuches de plumas son prueba del elevado estatus que se concedía a escribas, calígrafos e intelectuales en la sociedad mameluca."},"it":{"name":"Astuccio per penna.","date":"Egira metà VIII secolo/ d.C. metà XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Astuccio per penne che testimonia come gli scrivani, i calligrafi e gli intellettuali venissero tenuti in gran conto in epoca mamelucca."},"pt":{"name":"Estojo de penas.","date":"Meados do séc. VIII H./ meados do séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Britânico.","justification":"Os estojos de penas são prova do elevado estatuto que na sociedade mameluca era concedido a escribas, calígrafos e intelectuais."},"se":{"name":"Pennskrin.","date":"Mitten av 700-talet e.H./ 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"London.","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Pennskrinet symboliserar den upphöjda ställning som skrivare, kalligrafer och intellektuella hade i mamluksamhället."},"tr":{"name":"Kalem kutusu.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy ortası.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"The British Museum.","justification":"Kalem kutuları, Memluk toplumunun yazarlara, hattatlara ve entelektüellere verdiği değeri simgelerdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**علبة أقلام تدل على المكانة المرموقة التي كان يتمتع بها الكتبة والخطاطون والمفكرون في المجتمع المملوكي.**"},"en":{"justification":"A pen-case symbolised the elevated status accorded to scribes, calligraphers and intellectuals in Mamluk society."},"fr":{"justification":"Ce plumier illustre le statut élevé dont jouissent les scribes, les calligraphes et les intellectuels dans la société mamelouke."}}}]},{"id":"a33e8d0d-78bb-5e1f-bf96-8cdd1b65b6f8","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_95","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:95","parent_id":"282bf248-cb40-5b24-9d50-166d75b8a10e","country_id":null,"display_order":1,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"ba9d80ab-9947-55e8-bd84-8062ba4f2798","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/aaed4d12-7e34-5ed1-ae00-0c14adf9c3b2.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Zerstäuber","date":"AH 694 / AD 1295-6","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum","justification":"Ein gläserner Wasserzerstäuber, der als diplomatisches Geschenk für einen Rasuliden-Herrscher von Jemen bestimmt war"},"es":{"name":"Rociador","date":"694 de la Hégira / 1295-1296 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Victoria & Albert","justification":"Rociador de cristal que se entregó como regalo diplomático al sultán Rasulid de Yemen."},"it":{"name":"Aspersorio.","date":"Egira 694 / d.C. 1295-6.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Aspersorio in vetro fatto realizzare come dono diplomatico per un sultano yemenita della dinastia rasulide."},"pt":{"name":"Frasco.","date":"694 H. / 1295-6 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Victoria & Albert","justification":"Frasco de vidro que foi entregue como prenda diplomática ao sultão Rasulid do Yemen."},"se":{"name":"Stänkflaska.","date":"694 e.H./ 1295-6 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"London.","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Stänkflaska, tillverkad som diplomatisk gåva åt den rasulidiska sultanen av Jemen."},"tr":{"name":"Serpici.","date":"H. 694 / M. 1295–96.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Müzesi.","justification":"Yemen'in Resuli Sultanı için diplomatik hediye olarak üretilmiş olan cam bir serpici."},"ar":{"justification":"**مِرَش بلوري صُنِع هدية دبلوماسية لسلطان اليمن الرسولي.**"},"en":{"justification":"A glass sprinkler that was made as a diplomatic gift for a Rasulid Sultan of Yemen."},"fr":{"justification":"Aspersoir en verre, cadeau diplomatique destiné au sultan rasoulide du Yémen."}}},{"id":"c0244871-45bb-595e-94f1-b3c8fd4920b7","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/2bea14ea-2211-57a9-9329-9d4ad462ccb6.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Becher mit Stiel","date":"AH frühes 8. Jahrhundert / AD frühes 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"The British Museum","justification":"Ein mamlukischer Stielkelch, der von Ägypten oder Syrien, wo er hergestellt wurde, entweder als Exportgut oder als diplomatisches Geschenk bis nach China gelangte"},"es":{"name":"Copa de pie alto","date":"Principios del siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Británico","justification":"Copa mameluca que viajó desde Egipto o Siria, donde se fabricaría, hasta China como obsequio diplomático o como artículo de exportación."},"it":{"name":"Bicchiere con gambo.","date":"Egira primi del VIII secolo / d.C. primi del XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Calice mamelucco che intraprese il lungo viaggio dall’Egitto o dalla Siria, dove fu realizzato, fino alla Cina, come dono diplomatico o come semplice prodotto di esportazione."},"pt":{"name":"Copo com pé alto.","date":"Início séc. VIII H. / início do séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Britânico.","justification":"Copo mameluco que viajou do Egipto ou da Síria, onde teria sido fabricado, até à China, como presente diplomático ou artigo de exportação."},"se":{"name":"Bägare på fot.","date":"Början av 700-talet e.H./ 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"London.","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"En mamlukisk bägare på fot som har rest hela vägen till Kina som diplomatgåva eller exportvara, från Egypten eller Syrien där den en gång tillverkades,."},"tr":{"name":"Ayaklı kap.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy başı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"The British Museum.","justification":"Diplomatik hediye veya ihraç malı olarak üretildiği Mısır ya da Suriye'den Çin'e kadar ulaşan, Memluklara ait ayaklı cam kâse."},"ar":{"justification":"**قدح مملوكي، طويل الساق، انتقل من مصر أو سورية، حيث صنع، إلى الصين، إما هدية دبلوماسية أو سلعة مصدرة.**"},"en":{"justification":"A Mamluk stemmed cup that travelled all the way from Egypt or Syria, where it was made, to China either as a diplomatic gift or as an export."},"fr":{"justification":"Coupe sur pied mamelouke provenant d'Égypte ou de Syrie, où elle fut fabriquée, et retrouvée en Chine où elle avait été exportée ou offerte à titre de cadeau diplomatique."}}},{"id":"f464f05d-ba18-530f-b41b-07c96cc843ee","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/a61544a4-60cc-5c32-a9de-61a66bca2a85.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Tablett","date":"Circa AH 800 / AD 1400","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"The British Museum","justification":"Intarsierte Messingwaren wie dieses Tablett wurden in Syrien für den europäischen Markt hergestellt."},"es":{"name":"Bandeja","date":"Hacia 800 de la Hégira / 1400 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Británico","justification":"En Siria se fabricaban objetos de latón con incrustaciones, como esta bandeja, para atraer al mercado europeo."},"it":{"name":"Vassoio.","date":"Circa Egira 800 / d.C. 1400.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Oggetti in ottone intarsiato come questo vassoio erano prodotti in Siria per il mercato europeo."},"pt":{"name":"Bandeja.","date":"c. 800 H. / 1400 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Britânico.","justification":"Na Síria fabricaram-se objectos de latão com incrustações, como esta bandeja, para atrair o mercado europeu."},"se":{"name":"Bricka.","date":"Ca 800 e.H. / 1400 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"London.","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Mässingsföremål med inläggningar som den här brickan gjordes i Syrien för den europeiska marknaden."},"tr":{"name":"Tepsi.","date":"H. 800 / M. 1400 civarı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"The British Museum.","justification":"Bu tepsi gibi kakmalı pirinç eserler, Avrupa pazarı için Suriye'de üretiliyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"**أواني نحاسية مُرصَّعة، مثل هذه الصينية المصنوعة في سورية، إغراء للسوق الأوربية.**"},"en":{"justification":"Inlaid-brass items like this tray were made in Syria to appeal to the European market."},"fr":{"justification":"Des objets en cuivre incrusté comme ce plateau étaient fabriqués en Syrie pour satisfaire aux goûts du marché européen."}}}]},{"id":"e69dcd7a-5d1d-5edb-ae45-6bb6e2a8c847","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_theme_34","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_themes:34","parent_id":"217482b1-7626-531f-8ca9-51c2f680fe3d","country_id":null,"display_order":1,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[]},{"id":"48a86896-7c77-5f66-a1d9-8df0111a6e0c","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_81","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:81","parent_id":"e69dcd7a-5d1d-5edb-ae45-6bb6e2a8c847","country_id":null,"display_order":2,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"2fe554a9-e532-5b15-814f-963ca40c1b1c","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/94fbf1d6-4a47-52c6-9e93-087d8d3078d6.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Kleines Waschbecken","date":"Circa AH 700 / AD 1300","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst – Staatliche Museen zu Berlin","justification":"Diese kleine Schüssel ist mit Jagd- und Turnierszenen geschmückt. Beides war unter den Mamluken beliebt, denn dabei konnte man Mut und Ausdauer beweisen."},"es":{"name":"Jofaina","date":"Hacia 700 de la Hégira / 1300 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Berlín","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico del Museo Pergamon","justification":"Pequeño recipiente adornado con escenas de caza y justas. Ambas actividades eran populares entre los mamelucos y servían para demostrar su valor y su fortaleza."},"it":{"name":"Bacinella per l’acqua.","date":"Circa Egira 700 / d.C. 1300.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Berlino","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica al Pergamon Museum.","justification":"Piccola ciotola ornata con scene di caccia e di tornei, entrambe le attività erano molto diffuse presso i Mamelucchi a dimostrazione di coraggio e resistenza."},"pt":{"name":"Bacia.","date":"c. 700 H. / 1300 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Berlim","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica do Museu Pergamon.","justification":"Pequeno recipiente adornado com cenas de caça e de torneios. Ambas eram actividades populares entre os mamelucos e serviam para demonstrar o seu valor e sua força."},"se":{"name":"Litet tvättfat.","date":"Ca 700 e.H. / 1300 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst i Pergamonmuseet.","justification":"En liten skål som är prydd med scener från jakt och tornerspel. Hos mamlukerna var det omtyckta sportgrenar där man fick visa mod och uthållighet."},"tr":{"name":"Küçük kâse.","date":"H. 700 / M. 1300 civarı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Berlin","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi, Devlet Müzeleri.","justification":"At üzerinde avlanma ve mızrak dövüşü sahneleriyle süslenmiş küçük bir kâse. Bunlar, cesaret ve dayanıklılığın sergilendiği gözde Memluk sporları idi."},"ar":{"justification":"**زبدية صغيرة مزخرفة بمشاهد الصيد والمثاقفة اللذين كانا من الرياضات المملوكية الشعبية المنظمة لاستعراض الشجاعة والقدرة على التحمل**"},"en":{"justification":"A small bowl embellished with scenes of hunting and jousting, both of which were popular Mamluk sports designed to demonstrate courage and endurance."},"fr":{"justification":"Petite coupe ornée de scènes de chasse et de joutes, sports populaires auprès des Mamelouks, qui pouvaient y faire preuve de leur courage et de leur endurance."}}},{"id":"a16c230e-422f-5bde-8b7a-803161b630d9","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/f79adc01-fbf5-56e4-9ac6-14e26fa2f96b.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Granaten","date":"AH 6. Jahrhundert / AD nach 1184","dynasty":"Ayyubiden","location":"Adschlun","museum":"Archäologisches Museum Adschlun","justification":"Kenntnisse von Sprengkörpern und Projektilen waren für eine erfolgreiche Kriegführung entscheidend."},"es":{"name":"Granadas","date":"Siglo VI de la Hégira / después de 1184 d. C.","dynasty":"Ayyubíes.","location":"Aylun","museum":"Museo Arqueológico de Aylun","justification":"Para luchar eficazmente contra el enemigo era vital conocer los artefactos explosivos y los proyectiles."},"it":{"name":"Granate","date":"Egira VI secolo / post d.C. 1184.","dynasty":"Ayyubide.","location":"Ajlun","museum":"Museo Archeologico Ajlun.","justification":"La padronanza di oggetti da lancio e proiettili era di vitale importanza per la conduzione della guerra contro il nemico."},"pt":{"name":"Granadas.","date":"Séc. VI H. / após 1184 d.C..","dynasty":"Ayyubidas.","location":"Ajlun","museum":"Museu Arqueológico de Ajlun.","justification":"Para lutar eficazmente contra o inimigo era vital conhecer os artefactos explosivos e os projécteis."},"se":{"name":"Handgranater.","date":"500-talet e.H./ Efter 1184 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Ayyubidiska.","location":"Ajlun","museum":"Arkeologiska museet i Ajlun.","justification":"För en effektiv krigföring var det viktigt att känna till sprängmedel och projektiler."},"tr":{"name":"El bombası.","date":"H. 6. yy / M. 1184’den sonra.","dynasty":"Eyyubi.","location":"Aclun","museum":"Aclun Arkeoloji Müzesi.","justification":"Patlayıcı ve atmalı silahlar konusunda derin bir bilgi, düşmana karşı etkili şekilde savaşabilmek açısından önem taşıyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت معرفة الوسائل والقذائف المتفجرة مسألة حيوية على صعيد خوض الحرب ضد الأعداء.**"},"en":{"justification":"Knowledge of explosive devices and projectiles was vital for effective warfare against the enemy."},"fr":{"justification":"La connaissance des explosifs et des projectiles était essentielle pour se battre efficacement contre l'ennemi."}}},{"id":"5afb9d0a-a173-5509-83ce-e5ce7f4da179","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ee843b69-4c5f-5d15-9c42-5262ab08533f.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Seite eines Manuskripts über Reitkunst","date":"AH 9. Jahrhundert / AD 15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Um in Form zu bleiben, übten mamlukische Ritter regelmäßig das Fechten, Gewichtheben und Schwimmen."},"es":{"name":"Página de manuscrito sobre equitación y esgrima","date":"Siglo IX de la Hégira / XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"Para mantenerse en forma, los mamelucos solían practicar la esgrima, el levantamiento de peso y la natación."},"it":{"name":"Pagina di manoscritto sull’equitazione.","date":"Egira IX secolo / d.C. XV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Per mantenersi in forma i cavalieri mamelucchi praticavano regolarmente la scherma, il sollevamento pesi e il nuoto."},"pt":{"name":"Página de manuscrito sobre equitação e esgrima.","date":"Séc. IX H. / XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"Para manter a forma, os mamelucos costumavam praticar esgrima, o levantamento de pesos e a natação."},"se":{"name":"Del av ett manuskript som handlar om ryttarkonst.","date":"800-talet e.H./ 1400-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"För att hålla sig i form tränade de mamlukiska krigarna regelbundet fäktning, tyngdlyftning och simning."},"tr":{"name":"Binicilik üzerine elyazması sayfası.","date":"H. 9. yy / M. 15. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Zinde kalmak için, Memluk *faris*leri düzenli olarak yüzerdi ve eskrim ve ağırlık çalışırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**حفاظاً على اللياقة البدنية، درج فرسان المماليك على ممارسة المبارزة ورفع الأثقال والسباحة على نحو منتظم.**"},"en":{"justification":"To keep fit Mamluk knights regularly practised fencing, weight-lifting and swimming."},"fr":{"justification":"Pour se maintenir en bonne forme physique, les Mamelouks pratiquaient régulièrement l'escrime, le lancer de poids et la natation."}}},{"id":"4150a4e5-e339-5229-a33a-a26b868c4c5e","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/cf5f9fc2-f18b-56ee-ae9a-8cc8fcec42d1.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Burg Adschlun","date":"AH 579–658 / AD 1184–1260","dynasty":"Ayyubiden / Mamluken","location":"Adschlun","justification":"Mamluken wurden in Zitadellen und Festungen ausgebildet, und hier verrichteten sie auch ihren Dienst. Die Burg von Adschlun lag strategisch günstig an der Handelsverbindung zwischen Syrien und Ägypten."},"es":{"name":"Castillo de Aylun","date":"579–658 de la Hégira / 1184–1260 d. C.","dynasty":"Ayyubíes, mamelucos.","location":"Aylun","justification":"Los mamelucos estaban acuartelados y se adiestraban en alcazabas y fortalezas. Esta fortaleza de Aylun tenía importancia estratégica, pues estaba situada en la ruta comercial entre Siria y Egipto."},"it":{"name":"Castello di Ajlun.","date":"Egira 579–658 / d.C. 1184–1260.","dynasty":"Epoca ayyubide–mamelucca.","location":"Ajlun","justification":"I Mamelucchi si formavano e vivevano in cittadelle e fortezze. Il Castello di Ajlun era strategicamente importante perché situato sulle vie commerciali fra la Siria ed Egitto."},"pt":{"name":"Castelo de Ajlun.","date":"579–658 H. / 1184–1260 d.C.","dynasty":"Ayyubidas–Mamelucos.","location":"Ajlun","justification":"Os mamelucos estavam aquartelados e adestravam-se em alcáçovas e fortalezas. Esta fortaleza tinha importância estratégica, uma vez que estava situada na rota comercial entre a Síria e o Egipto."},"se":{"name":"Borgen i Ajlun.","date":"579–658 e.H. / 184–1260 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Ayyubiderna–mamlukerna.","location":"Ajlun.","justification":"Mamlukerna stationerades och tränades i citadell och fästningar. Fästningen vid Ajlun låg vid handelsvägen mellan Syrien och Egypten och var strategiskt viktig."},"tr":{"name":"Aclun Kalesi.","date":"H. 579–658 / M. 1184–1260.","dynasty":"Eyyubi–Memluk.","location":"Aclun","justification":"Memluklar kale ve hisarlarda eğitilir ve buralarda yaşardı. Aclun Kalesi, Suriye ile Mısır arasındaki ticaret yolunun üzerindeki konumuyla stratejik açıdan önemliydi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان يتم تدريب المماليك ووضعهم في القلاع والحصون. وهذه القلعة في عجلون ذات أهمية إستراتيجية إذ تقع على الطريق التجارية بين سورية ومصر.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluks were trained in and stationed at citadels and fortresses. This one at Ajlun was strategically important, situated on the trade route between Syria and Egypt."},"fr":{"justification":"Les Mamelouks étaient formés et cantonnés dans des citadelles et des forteresses. Celle-ci, à Ajloun, occupait une position stratégique cruciale sur la route commerciale entre la Syrie et l'Égypte."}}}]},{"id":"196db830-546b-584c-a36c-48974bbb7a0a","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_85","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:85","parent_id":"b1f3d679-a18b-5258-af5f-524e8530cb84","country_id":null,"display_order":2,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"dfeaa5f1-63bf-55dd-a784-98bce952f149","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8950fc03-b28f-511f-a308-62b4c38878fd.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Minbar*","date":"Circa AH 872–901 / AD 1468–96","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum","justification":"Die Moscheen der Mamluken waren im Inneren mit aufwändig gearbeiteten *Minbaren* für Predigten und Verkündungen ausgestattet."},"es":{"name":"Minbar","date":"872–901 de la Hégira / 1468–1496 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Victoria & Albert","justification":"Las mezquitas mamelucas se amueblaban con elaborados minbar (púlpitos) desde los que se pronunciaban los sermones y se hacían anuncios."},"it":{"name":"Minbar.","date":"Circa Egira 872–901 / d.C. 1468–96.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Le moschee mamelucche erano arredate con elaborati *minbar* (pulpiti) che venivano usati per i sermoni e gli annunci ufficiali."},"pt":{"name":"Minbar.","date":"c. 872–901  H./ 1468–96 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Victoria & Albert","justification":"*As mesquitas mamelucas eram providas de elaborados* minbar (*púlpitos), a partir dos quais se pronunciavam os sermões e se faziam anúncios.*"},"se":{"name":"Minbar.","date":"Ca 872–901 e.H./ 1468–96 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"London.","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Mamlukernas moskéer hade vackert utförda *minbar* (predikstolar) där predikningar och kungörelser lästes upp."},"tr":{"name":"Minber.","date":"H. 872–901 / M. 1468–96 civarı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Müzesi.","justification":"Memluk camileri, vaaz ve hutbelerin okunması için yaptırılan süslü minberlerle donatıldı."},"ar":{"justification":"جرى تجهيز المساجد المملوكية بمنابر منمَّقة مخصصة للخطب والبيانات."},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk mosques were furnished with elaborate *minbar*s (pulpits) which were commissioned for sermons and announcements."},"fr":{"justification":"Les mosquées mameloukes étaient meublées de *minbar* (chaires) au décor très travaillé d'où étaient prononcés sermons et annonces."}}},{"id":"4b8ffd8e-ec58-5468-9e97-3c950ff7e6c9","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/670c89c3-18d5-55b0-ae34-fde63709cf5c.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Moscheelampe","date":"AH erste Hälfte 8. Jahrhundert / AD erste Hälfte 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst – Staatliche Museen zu Berlin","justification":"Die Moscheen der Mamluken wurden mit gläsernen Lampen beleuchtet. Diese waren mit religiösen Versen bemalt, ihr Licht symbolisierte die spirituelle Erleuchtung durch Allah."},"es":{"name":"Lámpara de mezquita","date":"Primera mitad del siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Berlín","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico del Museo Pergamon","justification":"Las mezquitas mamelucas se decoraban con lámparas de cristal que llevaban versículos pintados en esmalte y brillaban para recordar la luz espiritual de Allah."},"it":{"name":"Lampada di moschea.","date":"Prima metà  del VIII secolo dell’Egira / prima metà  del XIV secolo d.C.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Berlino","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica al Pergamon Museum.","justification":"Le moschee mamelucche erano arredate con lampade di vetro che riportavano scritte smaltate di versi religiosi: luccicando alla luce della fiamma, simboleggiano la luce spirituale di Allah."},"pt":{"name":"Lâmpada de mesquita.","date":"Primeira metade do séc. VIII H. / Primeira metade do séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Berlim","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica do Museu Pergamon.","justification":"As mesquitas mamelucas eram decoradas com lâmpadas de vidro que tinham versículos pintados em esmalte e brilhavam para recordar a luz espiritual de Allah."},"se":{"name":"Moskélampa.","date":"Första hälften av 700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst i Pergamonmuseet.","justification":"Mamlukernas moskéer pryddes av glaslampor med religiösa verser i emaljmåleri. Lampornas sken var en symbol för Allahs andliga ljus."},"tr":{"name":"Cami kandili.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy ilk yarısı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Berlin","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi, Devlet Müzeleri.","justification":"Memluk camileri, üzerlerinde mineyle yazılmış dini sözler bulunan ve Allah'ın ilahi nurunu hatırlatarak parlayan cam kandillerle bezendi."},"ar":{"justification":"**جرى تجهيز المساجد المملوكية بالمصابيح الزجاجية المزينة بالنقوش الدينية، المكتوبة بأحرف ذهبية، لتضيء وتذكر بنور الله الروحي.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk mosques were decorated with glass lamps that had enamelled religious verses painted on them and which shone, recalling the spiritual light of Allah."},"fr":{"justification":"Les mosquées étaient décorées de lampes en verre peintes de versets religieux émaillés et qui, allumées, symbolisaient la lumière spirituelle dispensée par Allah."}}},{"id":"4e4e72ee-c59e-5dac-bbc4-668eefd07742","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/2d737406-762f-5866-9e6f-7edfee13b96b.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Medrese* al-Zahiriyya","date":"AH 676 / AD 1277","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Damaskus","justification":"*Sultan* Baybars I. übersetzte als erster die Ideologie der Mamluken in ein ehrgeiziges Bauprogramm."},"es":{"name":"Madrasa al-Zahiriyya","date":"676 de la Hégira / 1277 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","justification":"El sultán Baybars I fue el primero en plasmar la ideología mameluca en ambiciosas construcciones."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa al-Zahiriyya.","date":"Egira 676 / d.C. 1277.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Damasco","justification":"Il sultano Baybars I fu il primo a dar forma, con edifici ambiziosi, all’ideologia mamelucca."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa al-Zahiriyya.","date":"676 H./ 1277 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","justification":"O sultão Baybars I foi o primeiro a exprimir a ideologia mameluca em ambiciosas construções."},"se":{"name":"Madrasa al-Zahiriyya.","date":"676 e.H. / 1277 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Damaskus.","justification":"Sultanen Baybars I var den som först kom att uttrycka mamlukernas ideologi i form av ambitiösa arkitekturprojekt."},"tr":{"name":"Zahiriye Medresesi.","date":"H. 676 / M. 1277.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Şam","justification":"Sultan I. Baybars, Memluk ideolojisini heybetli binalarla ifade eden ilk kişiydi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان السلطان بيبرس الأول أول من عبَّر عن الإيديولوجيا المملوكية، من خلال المباني الفخمة**"},"en":{"justification":"Sultan Baybars I was the first to express Mamluk ideology in ambitious buildings."},"fr":{"justification":"Le sultan Baybars Ier fut le premier à exprimer l'idéologie mamelouke à travers d'ambitieux projets architecturaux."}}},{"id":"1757e7cf-1d29-556c-9e11-f2696aaa848e","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/1128c7f9-0348-524a-9636-79c696bc1578.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Medrese* und Moschee von *Sultan* Qaytbay","date":"AH 879 / AD 1474","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Im 15. Jahrhundert tat sich *Sultan* Qaytbay als besonders eifriger Förderer der Architektur hervor. Dieser Baukomplex ist seine größte Leistung."},"es":{"name":"Madrasa y mezquita del Sultán Qaytbay","date":"879 de la Hégira / 1474 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"En el siglo XV, el sultán Qaytbay demostró ser un mecenas de la arquitectura particularmente prolífico; este complejo fue su mayor obra."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa e Moschea del Sultan Qaytbay.","date":"Egira 879 / d.C. 1474.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Nel IX / XV secolo anche il sultano Qaytbay diede prova di grande e prolifico mecenatismo in architettura; questo complesso è il più alto risultato da lui ottenuto."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa e mesquita do sultão Qaytbay.","date":"879 H. / 1474 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"No século XV, o sultão Qaytbay mostrou ser um mecenas da arquitectura particularmente prolífico; este complexo foi a sua maior obra."},"se":{"name":"Sultan Qaytbays madrasa och moské.","date":"879 e.H./ 1474 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"En mycket aktiv mecenat under 800-talet / 1400-talet var sultanen Qaytbay, särskilt när det gällde arkitekturen; detta är den största anläggning som han lät uppföra."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Kayıtbay Medrese ve Camii.","date":"H. 879 / M. 1474.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Sultan Kayıtbay 15. yüzyılda mimarinin son derece üretken bir hamisi olarak karşımıza çıkar; bu külliye, onun en büyük başarısıdır."},"ar":{"justification":"**في القرن التاسع الهجري/الحادي عشر الميلادي، أثبت السلطان قلاوون أنه راعٍ استثنائي السخاء لفن العمارة؛ وهذا المجمع هو أكبر إنجازاته.**"},"en":{"justification":"In the 9th / 15th century, Sultan Qaytbay proved himself to be a particularly prolific patron of architecture; this complex is his greatest achievement."},"fr":{"justification":"Au IXe/XVe siècle, le sultan Qaytbay fut un mécène particulièrement généreux dans le domaine de l'architecture. Ce complexe est sa plus grande réussite."}}}]},{"id":"ecc4b251-5132-548b-b9cd-828061e0469f","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_89","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:89","parent_id":"0d96fdda-709f-55ff-974d-36ce25e67b8e","country_id":null,"display_order":2,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"d3e97cb9-b719-5030-a1ad-fcf4a66357e9","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8f7ecdd9-669b-5390-857f-f58094d25394.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Zwei Elfenbeintafeln","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"The British Museum","justification":"Diese Elfenbeintafeln symbolisieren die friedliche Koexistenz von Christen und Muslimen in der mamlukischen Gesellschaft."},"es":{"name":"Dos placas de marfil","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Británico","justification":"Estas placas de marfil simbolizan la coexistencia pacífica entre cristianos y musulmanes en la sociedad mameluca."},"it":{"name":"Due pannelli in avorio.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Questi pannelli in avorio simboleggiano la pacifica coesistenza fra cristiani e musulmani nella società mamelucca."},"pt":{"name":"Duas placas de marfim.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Britânico.","justification":"Estas placas de marfim simbolizam a coexistência pacífica entre cristãos e muçulmanos na sociedade mameluca."},"se":{"name":"Två elfenbensplattor.","date":"700-talet e.H./1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiska.","location":"London.","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Elfenbensplattor som symboliserar den fredliga samexistensen mellan kristna och muslimer i mamluksamhället."},"tr":{"name":"Fildişi levhalar.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"The British Museum.","justification":"Bu fildişi levhalar, Memluk toplumunda Hıristiyanlarla Müslümanlar arasındaki huzur dolu beraberliği simgeliyor."},"ar":{"justification":"**ترمز هذه الألواح العاجية إلى التعايش السلمي بين المسيحيين والمسلمين في المجتمع المملوكي.**"},"en":{"justification":"These ivory panels symbolise the peaceful co-existence between Christians and Muslims in Mamluk society."},"fr":{"justification":"Ces panneaux en ivoire illustrent la coexistence pacifique entre les chrétiens et les musulmans dans la société mamelouke."}}},{"id":"2629b350-95bd-5146-a57b-012dc58189ed","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/0f2ab5c2-c4df-5375-a55e-e23e92787590.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Nische aus einem Samaritaner-Haus","date":"AH 10. Jahrhundert / AD 16. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken und Osmanen","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst – Staatliche Museen zu Berlin","justification":"Neuerungen der muslimischen Mamluken im Bereich der Kunst wurden von anderen Religionsgemeinschaften übernommen."},"es":{"name":"Nicho de una casa samaritana","date":"Siglo X de la Hégira / XVI d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos, otomanos.","location":"Berlín","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico del Museo Pergamon","justification":"Las tendencias estilísticas que introdujeron los musulmanes mamelucos fueron adoptadas por otras comunidades."},"it":{"name":"Nicchia di una casa samaritana.","date":"Egira X secolo / d.C. XVI secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca e ottomana.","location":"Berlino","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica al Pergamon Museum.","justification":"Nuovi orientamenti stilistici introdotti da mamelucchi musulmani erano adottati anche da altre comunità."},"pt":{"name":"Nicho de uma casa samaritana","date":"Séc. X H. / séc. XVI d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos e Otomanos.","location":"Berlim","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica do Museu Pergamon.","justification":"As tendências estilísticas que os muçulmanos mamelucos introduziram foram adoptadas por outras comunidades."},"se":{"name":"Bönenisch från ett samaritiskt hus.","date":"900-talet e.H. / 1500-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk och ottomansk","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst i Pergamonmuseet.","justification":"Konststilar som hade introducerats av de muslimska mamlukerna övertogs också av andra samhällen."},"tr":{"name":"Samariten evinden niş.","date":"H. 10. yy / M. 16. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk ve Osmanlı.","location":"Berlin","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi, Devlet Müzeleri.","justification":"Müslüman Memlukların geliştirdiği üsluplar, başka topluluklarca da benimsendi."},"ar":{"justification":"**جرى تبني نزعات أسلوبية من ابتكار مماليك مسلمين من قبل طوائف أخرى.**"},"en":{"justification":"Stylistic trends introduced by Muslim Mamluks were also adopted by other communities."},"fr":{"justification":"Certaines tendances stylistiques introduites par les Mamelouks musulmans furent adoptées par d'autres communautés religieuses."}}},{"id":"92d942fe-2bc5-5d4f-9f93-e15c911e7d1c","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/f2d11b67-3031-5c40-854d-67d1b5e04117.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Schüssel mit Füßen","date":"AH Mitte 8. Jahrhundert / AD Mitte 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Edinburgh","museum":"Königliches Museum, Staatliche Museen Schottland","justification":"Viele *Kopten* waren äußerst produktive Töpfer und stellten in ihren Werkstätten in Fustat eine Vielzahl verschiedener Waren her."},"es":{"name":"Cuenco con pie","date":"Mediados del siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Edimburgo","museum":"Museos Nacionales de Escocia (NMS)","justification":"Muchos coptos fueron prolíficos ceramistas y produjeron una gran variedad de objetos en sus talleres de Fustat, cerca de El Cairo."},"it":{"name":"Ciotola con piedi.","date":"Egira, metà VIII secolo / d.C. metà XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Edinburgo","museum":"Royal Museum, National Museums of Scotland (NMS).","justification":"Molti copti erano dediti alla fabbricazione della ceramica e producevano vari tipi di oggetti nei loro laboratori di Fustat nei pressi del Cairo."},"pt":{"name":"Taça.","date":"Meados do séc. VIII H. / meados do séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Edimburgo","museum":"Museu Real, Museus Nacionais da Escócia (NMS).","justification":"Muitos coptas foram prolíficos ceramistas e produziram uma grande variedade de objectos nas suas olarias de Fustat, perto do Cairo."},"se":{"name":"Skål på fot.","date":"Mitten av 700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Edinburgh.","museum":"Royal Museum, National Museums of Scotland (NMS).","justification":"Många keramiker var kopter, och i deras verkstäder i Fustat nära Kairo producerades ett rikt varierat utbud av keramiskt gods."},"tr":{"name":"Ayaklı kâse.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy ortası.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Edinburgh","museum":"Kraliyet Müzesi, İskoçya Ulusal Müzeleri.","justification":"Koptların çoğu, Kahire yakınındaki Fustat'ta bulunan atölyelerinde çok çeşitli ürünler yaratan üretken çömlekçilerdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان عدد كبير من الأقباط خزافين غزيري الإنتاج، إذ صنعوا العديد من الأواني في ورشاتهم بالفسطاط، القريبة من القاهرة.**"},"en":{"justification":"Many of the Copts were prolific potters, producing a variety of wares in their workshops in Fustat near Cairo."},"fr":{"justification":"De nombreux coptes étaient des potiers prolifiques, qui fabriquaient toute une gamme de produits dans leurs ateliers de Fustat près du Caire."}}},{"id":"e1bda161-d9ba-562d-9078-9d5793a2b451","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8787dffc-ed2f-58e0-a70b-702e855b4036.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Schüssel","date":"AH 8–9. Jahrhundert / AD 14–15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Amman","museum":"Jordanisches Archäologisches Museum","justification":"Unter den Mamluken erzeugten muslimische und christliche Töpfer die verschiedensten Waren. Sie wurden im gesamten Reich verkauft."},"es":{"name":"Cuenco","date":"Siglo VIII o IX de la Hégira / XIV o XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Ammán","museum":"Museo Arqueológico de Jordania","justification":"Los ceramistas de la época mameluca, musulmanes y cristianos, fabricaron abundantes artículos que se distribuyeron por todo el Imperio."},"it":{"name":"Ciotola.","date":"Egira secoli VIII–IX / d.C. secoliXIV–XV.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Amman","museum":"Museo Archeologico di Giordania.","justification":"I ceramisti di epoca mamelucca, musulmani e cristiani, producevano una grande varietà di oggetti commerciati in tutto l’impero."},"pt":{"name":"Taça.","date":"Séc. VIII-IX H. / XIV-XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Amã","museum":"Museu Arqueológico da Jordânia.","justification":"Os ceramistas da época mameluca, muçulmanos e cristãos, fabricaram abundantes artigos que se distribuíram por todo o Império."},"se":{"name":"Skål.","date":"700-800-talet e.H. / 1300-1400-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Amman","museum":"Jordaniens arkeologiska museum.","justification":"Mamlukiska keramiker, både muslimer och kristna, tillverkade en mängd olika slags keramiskt gods som distribuerades över hela riket."},"tr":{"name":"Kâse.","date":"H. 8–9. yy / M. 14–15. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Amman","museum":"Ürdün Arkeoloji Müzesi.","justification":"Müslüman ve Hıristiyan Memluk çömlekçileri, devletin her yerine dağıtılan sayısız ürünler üretirdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**أنتج خزافون مملوكيون، مسلمون ومسيحيون، وفرة من الأواني التي كانت تُوزع على طول البلاد وعرضها.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk potters, Muslim and Christian, produced a plethora of wares that were distributed all over the empire."},"fr":{"justification":"L'abondante et très diverse production des potiers mamelouks, musulmans et chrétiens était diffusée dans tout l'empire."}}},{"id":"568ea72c-15dd-54c9-b0ee-2ca218f47449","display_order":5,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/d3b3b260-2334-54cd-b855-04311d8a8d60.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Aufbewahrungskrug","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum","justification":"Der Gewürzhandel war oft das Spezialgebiet einer bestimmten ethnischen oder religiösen Gruppe. Gewürze wurden gewöhnlich in solchen Töpfen aufbewahrt."},"es":{"name":"Vasija de almacenamiento","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Victoria & Albert","justification":"El comercio de especias solía ser exclusivo de algún grupo étnico o religioso; normalmente, las especias se guardaban en frascos parecidos a este."},"it":{"name":"Contenitore per magazzino.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Spesso le varie comunità etniche o religiose si specializzavano nel commercio di determinate spezie che venivano conservate in giare simili a questa."},"pt":{"name":"Jarra de armazenamento.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Victoria & Albert","justification":"O comércio das especiarias era habitualmente exclusivo de um grupo étnico ou religioso; normalmente, as especiarias guardavam-se em jarras como esta."},"se":{"name":"Förvaringskärl.","date":"700-talet e.H./ 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"London.","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Handeln med kryddor var ofta en specialitet för särskilda etniska eller religiösa grupper; kryddor brukade lagras i krukor av det slag som syns här på bilden."},"tr":{"name":"Kavanoz.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Müzesi.","justification":"Baharat ticareti, çoğunlukla belli bir etnik veya dini grubun uğraştığı bir işti; baharatlar, genellikle buna benzer kavanozlarda saklanırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**في الغالب، كانت تجارة التوابل من اختصاص طائفة عرقية أو دينية معينة؛ وكانت تخزن عموماً في جرار شبيهة بهذه.**"},"en":{"justification":"The spice trade was often the speciality of a particular ethnic or religious community; spices were generally stored in jars similar to the one seen here."},"fr":{"justification":"Le commerce des épices était souvent l'apanage d'une communauté ethnique ou religieuse particulière. Les épices étaient généralement conservées dans des jarres similaires à ce modèle."}}}]},{"id":"906067fa-11f7-54b0-a094-74a0bbde97ff","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_92","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:92","parent_id":"5fece024-c74e-561d-b95d-491951907de9","country_id":null,"display_order":2,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"34df1c16-bb7b-5506-b850-656c4bb0f8aa","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/735b96e7-2311-5f61-a94e-6882bc377b56.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Gebäudekomplex von *Sultan* al-Mansur Qalawun (Mausoleum, *Medrese* und Krankenhaus)","date":"AH 684 / AD 1285","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Das *Bimaristan* von Qalawun war bahnbrechend in der Qualität seiner medizinischen Behandlung und Lehre."},"es":{"name":"Complejo del Sultán al-Mansur Qalawun (mausoleo, madrasa y hospital)","date":"684 de la Hégira / 1285 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"*El* bimaristan *Qalawun fue pionero por las excelentes enseñanzas y atención médicas que ofrecía.*"},"it":{"name":"Complesso del Sultano al-Mansur Qalawun (Mausoleo, Madrasa e Ospedalel).","date":"Egira 684 / d.C. 1285.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Il Bimaristan Qalawun era di importanza fondamentale per le eccellenti cure mediche prestate e per l’insegnamento."},"pt":{"name":"Complexo do sultão al-Mansur Qalawun (mausoléu, madrasa e hospital).","date":"684 H. / 1285 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"O *bimaristan* Qalawun foi pioneiro pelo excelente ensino e cuidados médicos que oferecia."},"se":{"name":"Sultan al-Mansur Qalawuns anläggning (mausoleum, madrasa och sjukhus).","date":"684 e.H. / 1285 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Qalawuns *bimaristan* var banbrytande när det gällde sjukvård och medicinsk undervisning."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Mansur Kalavun Külliyesi","date":"H. 684 / M. 1285.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Kalavun Bimaristanı, mükemmel tıbbi eğitimi ve bakımı ile bir öncüydü."},"ar":{"justification":"**شكل بيمارستان قلاوون اختراقاً على صعيد التميز في الرعاية والتعليم الطبيين.**"},"en":{"justification":"Bimaristan Qalawun was groundbreaking in its excellent medical care and teaching."},"fr":{"justification":"Le *bimaristan* de Qalawun était à l'avant-garde de l'excellence des soins médicaux et de l'enseignement."}}},{"id":"6715407f-b342-563a-93a9-19999a803271","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/09cffb1b-c40b-5d86-9302-dfd490452917.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Medrese* al-Gawhariyya in der al-Azhar- Moschee","date":"AH 844 / AD 1440","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Die *Medrese* war eine Erweiterung der bestehenden Moschee und eine Stiftung des *Emirs* Gawhar al-Qunqubai, des Schatzmeisters von *Sultan* Barsbay (1422-38). Heute ist sie ein Teil der Azhar-Moschee bzw. -Universität."},"es":{"name":"Madrasa al-Gawhariyya, en la mezquita al-Azhar","date":"844 de la Hégira / 1440 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"La madrasa se añadió a la mezquita gracias al patrocinio del emir Yawhar al-Qunqubai, tesorero del sultán Barsbay (r. 1422–1438). Hoy en día, el complejo se conoce como mezquita y universidad de al-Azhar."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa al-Gawhariyya dentro la moschea Al-Azhar.","date":"Egira 844 / d.C. 1440.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"La *madrasa* fu aggiunta alla moschea per intervento dell'emiro Gawhar al-Qunqubai, tesoriere del sultano Barsbay (825–41 / 1422–38). Oggi sono diventate famose come Università e Moschea di al-Azhar."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa al-Gawhariyya, no interior da mesquita Al-Azhar.","date":"844 H. / 1440 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"A *madrasa* acrescentou-se à mesquita graças ao patrocínio do emir Yawhar al-Qunqubai, tesoureiro do sultão Barsbay (r. 1422-1438). Hoje em dia, o complexo é conhecido como mesquita e universidade de al-Azhar."},"se":{"name":"Al-Gawhariyya-madrasan inne i Al-Azhar-moskén.","date":"844 e.H. / 1440 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Denna *madrasa* byggdes som ett tillägg till moskén med hjälp av bidrag från emiren Gawhar al-Qunqubai som var skattmästare åt sultanen Barsbay (825-41 / 1422-38). Numera är den en del av al-Azharmoskén och dess universitet."},"tr":{"name":"Ezher Cami içerisinde Gevheriye Medresesi.","date":"H. 844 / M. 1440.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Bu medrese, Sultan Barsbay (hd. 1422–38)'ın hazinedarı Emir Gevher el-Kunkubay'ın himayesiyle camiye eklenmiştir. Bugün, Ezher Camii ve Üniversitesi olarak bilinir."},"ar":{"justification":"**تمَّت إضافة المدرسة إلى المسجد، بفضل رعاية الأمير جوهر القنقبائي، أمين صندوق السلطان بارسباي (حكم ما بين عامي 825–841 هـ/1422–1438 م). ويعرف المجمَّع اليوم باسم جامع الأزهر وجامعته.**"},"en":{"justification":"The *madrasa* was added onto the mosque through the patronage of *amir* Gawhar al-Qunquba’i, treasurer to Sultan Barsbay (825–41 / 1422–38). Today it is known as al-Azhar Mosque and University."},"fr":{"justification":"Cette *madrasa* a été ajoutée à la mosquée grâce au mécénat de l'émir Gawhar al-Qunquba'i, trésorier du sultan Barsbay (r. 825-841/1422-1438). Aujourd'hui, l'ensemble est appelé mosquée et université al-Azhar."}}},{"id":"5d530e40-18f0-5e71-b689-999b1ed68ae4","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/39ed73b9-6cca-5c25-ac1b-850f72ad2c19.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Medizinisches Rezept","date":"AH 9. Jahrhundert / AD 15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Ein Rezept, das von einem Arzt im *Bimaristan* von *Sultan* Qalawun ausgestellt wurde."},"es":{"name":"Receta médica","date":"Siglo IX de la Hégira / XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"Receta médica extendida por el director del *bimaristan* Qalawun."},"it":{"name":"Prescrizione medica.","date":"Egira IX secolo / d.C. XV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Una prescrizione medica scritta dal direttore del Bimaristan Qalawun."},"pt":{"name":"Receita médica.","date":"Séc. IX H. / XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"Receita médica passada pelo director do *bimaristan* Qalawun."},"se":{"name":"Medicinrecept.","date":"800-talet e.H. / 1400-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"Ett recept utskrivet av sjukhusdirektören i *Bimaristan* Qalawun."},"tr":{"name":"Tıbbi reçete.","date":"H. 9. yy / M. 15. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Kalavun Bimaristanı'nın başhekimi tarafından yazılmış bir reçete."},"ar":{"justification":"**وصفة طبية صادرة عن مدير بيمارستان قلاوون.**"},"en":{"justification":"A medical prescription issued by the director of the Bimaristan Qalawun."},"fr":{"justification":"Une prescription médicale émise par le directeur du *bimaristan* Qalawun."}}}]},{"id":"929519b4-bcdf-5831-adb9-06ef4ef80b6b","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_96","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:96","parent_id":"282bf248-cb40-5b24-9d50-166d75b8a10e","country_id":null,"display_order":2,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"bea26544-aced-52fd-b07c-079721229f74","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/5f36bd4c-1d48-59e0-838c-d6a82e9a2352.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Suq al-Qattanin (Markt der Baumwollhändler)","date":"AH 737 / AD 1336–7","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","justification":"Der überdachte *Suq* al-Qattanin in Jerusalem wurde von *Sultan* Qalawun in Auftrag gegeben."},"es":{"name":"Suq al-Qattanin (zoco de los Comerciantes de Algodón)","date":"737 de la Hégira / 1336–1337 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","justification":"El zoco cubierto del complejo al-Qattanin (Jerusalén) se creó por encargo del sultán Qalawun."},"it":{"name":"Suq al-Qattanin (Mercato del Cotone).","date":"Egira 737 / d.C. 1336–7.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","justification":"Il mercato coperto del complesso al-Qattanin a Gerusalemme fu commissionato dal sultano Qalawun."},"pt":{"name":"Suq al-Qattanin (mercado dos comerciantes de algodão).","date":"737 H. / 1336–7 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","justification":"O *suq* coberto do complexo al-Qattanin (Jerusalém) foi criado por encomenda do sultão Qalawun."},"se":{"name":"Suq al-Qattanin (Bomullshandlarnas marknad).","date":"737 e.H. / 1336–7 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Jerusalem.","justification":"Al-Qattanins övertäckta suq i Jerusalem är en anläggning som ombesörjdes av sultanen Qalawun."},"tr":{"name":"Suk el-Kattanin.","date":"H. 737 / M. 1336–37.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","justification":"Kudüs'teki üstü kapalı el-Kettenin yani pamuk tüccarları çarşısı, Sultan Kalavun tarafından yaptırıldı."},"ar":{"justification":"**بُني مجمع سوق القطَّانين المغطى في القدس من قبل السلطان قلاوون.**"},"en":{"justification":"The covered Suq al-Qattanin Complex in Jerusalem was commissioned by Sultan Qalawun."},"fr":{"justification":"Le complexe couvert du souk al-Qattanine à Jérusalem a été commandité par le sultan Qalawun."}}},{"id":"bc013c86-0f26-5f80-ae32-0ad8f6ccb5e5","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ea8606bd-bfb4-55e1-853a-e03d8134ca51.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Pfanne einer Waage","date":"AH 9. Jahrhundert / AD 15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Edinburgh","museum":"Königliches Museum, Staatliche Museen Schottland","justification":"Waagschalen waren wichtige Werkzeuge in den *Suqs* und *Khanen* mamlukischer Städte."},"es":{"name":"Platillo de balanza","date":"Siglo IX de la Hégira / XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Edimburgo","museum":"Museos Nacionales de Escocia (NMS)","justification":"En los zocos y jan *de las ciudades mamelucas, las balanzas eran instrumentos esenciales.*"},"it":{"name":"Piatto di bilancia.","date":"Egira IX secolo / d.C. XV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Edinburgo","museum":"Royal Museum, National Museums of Scotland (NMS).","justification":"I piatti di bilancia erano accessori di primaria importanza nei *suq e* nei *khan* delle città mamelucche."},"pt":{"name":"Prato de balança.","date":"Séc. IX H. / séc. XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Edimburgo","museum":"Museu Real, Museus Nacionais da Escócia (NMS).","justification":"Nos *suq* e *khan* das cidades mamelucas, as balanças eram instrumentos essenciais."},"se":{"name":"Vågskål.","date":"800-talet e.H. / 1400-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Edinburgh.","museum":"Royal Museum, National Museums of Scotland (NMS).","justification":"Vågskålarna var viktiga redskap i de mamlukiska städernas *suq* och *khan*."},"tr":{"name":"Terazi kefesi.","date":"H. 9. yy / M. 15. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Edinburgh","museum":"Kraliyet Müzesi, İskoçya Ulusal Müzeleri.","justification":"Ağırlık ölçmeye yaran bu terazi kefesi, Memluk kentlerindeki çarşı ve hanlarda kullanılan önemli gereçlerdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت كِفّات الميزان أدوات أساسية في أسواق المدن المملوكية وخاناتها.**"},"en":{"justification":"Scale-pans were essential tools in the *suq*s and *khan*s of Mamluk cities."},"fr":{"justification":"Les balances étaient des accessoires essentiels au commerce dans les souks et les *khan* des villes mameloukes."}}},{"id":"dba5d352-7562-5547-8859-795834833d9c","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ef7ade68-3d64-52c2-bea2-949707c40d47.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Wikala (*Karawanserei*) von al-Ghuri","date":"AH 909–10 / AD 1503–05","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Der *Wikala* von *Sultan* al-Ghuri ersetzte den *Khan* al-Khalili in Kairo. Es umfasste Geschäfte, sichere Warenlager und Unterkünfte für Kaufleute."},"es":{"name":"Caravasar (wikala) de al-Guri","date":"909–910 de la Hégira / 1503–1505 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"*Wikala* que construyó el sultán al-Guri para sustituir el de Jan al-Jalili en El Cairo y que albergaba tiendas, almacenes seguros y alojamiento para los mercaderes."},"it":{"name":"Wikala (caravanserraglio) di al-Ghuri.","date":"Egira 909–10 / d.C. 1503–5.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Il *wikala* fatto costruire dal sultano al-Ghuri per sostituire Khan al-Khalili al Cairo, offriva negozi per la vendita, ripari sicuri per lo stoccaggio delle merci e l'alloggio per i mercanti."},"pt":{"name":"Wikala (caravanserai) de al-Ghuri.","date":"909–10 H. / 1503–5 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"*Wikala* construída pelo sultão al-Guri para substituir o *khan* al-Jalili, no Cairo, que albergava lojas, armazéns seguros e alojamento para os mercadores."},"se":{"name":"Al-Ghuris wikala (karavanseralj).","date":"909–10 e.H. / 1503–5 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Den *wikala* som byggdes av sultanen al-Ghuri för att ersätta *khan* al-Khalili i Kairo erbjöd både affärslokaler, säkra lagerutrymmen och husrum för köpmännen."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Gavri Vikalası (kervansarayı).","date":"H. 909–10 / M. 1503–5.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Sultan Gavri tarafından Kahire'deki Halili Hanı'nın yerini alması için yaptırılan bu *vikala*da, dükkânlar, güvenli depolar ve tüccarlar için konaklama yerleri bulunuyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"**ضمت الوكالة التي شادها السلطان الغوري لتحل محل خان الخليلي في القاهرة محلات بيع ومستودعات آمنة وأمكنة إقامة للتجار.**"},"en":{"justification":"The *wikala* built by Sultan al-Ghuri to replace Khan al-Khalili in Cairo combined shops, secure stores and lodgings for merchants."},"fr":{"justification":"La *wikala* édifiée par le sultan al-Ghouri pour remplacer le *khan* al-Khalili au Caire regroupait des boutiques, des entrepôts sécurisés et des logements pour les marchands."}}}]},{"id":"b1f3d679-a18b-5258-af5f-524e8530cb84","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_theme_35","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_themes:35","parent_id":"217482b1-7626-531f-8ca9-51c2f680fe3d","country_id":null,"display_order":2,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[]},{"id":"710d70c6-b797-5eef-a871-46a1465067fa","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_82","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:82","parent_id":"e69dcd7a-5d1d-5edb-ae45-6bb6e2a8c847","country_id":null,"display_order":3,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"06a78daa-be7f-5db5-908f-e05f2ebfb0b5","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/5c7ddd9b-07c2-56d3-9f92-6efa7b6050b5.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Ayla (Aqaba)","date":"AH 1. Jahrhundert / AD Mitte 7. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Islamisch, vor den Umayyaden","location":"Aqaba","justification":"Die Mamluken bauten in der Nähe von Ayla (Aqaba) eine Burg, um den Golf von Aqaba am Roten Meer zu sichern."},"es":{"name":"Ayla","date":"Siglo I de la Hégira / mediados del VII d. C.","dynasty":"Antes de los omeyas.","location":"Aqaba","justification":"Los mamelucos construyeron un castillo cerca de Ayla para controlar el golfo de Aqaba, en el mar Rojo."},"it":{"name":"Ayla (Aqaba).","date":"Egira I secolo / d.C. metà del VII secolo","dynasty":"Epoca islamica, pre-omayyade.","location":"Aqaba","justification":"I Mamelucchi costruirono un castello nei pressi di Ayla a guardia del Golfo di Aqaba nel Mar Rosso."},"pt":{"name":"Ayla (Aqaba).","date":"Séc. I H. / meados do séc. VII d.C.","dynasty":"Islâmico, pré-omeia.","location":"Aqaba","justification":"Os mamelucos construíram um castelo perto de Ayla para controlarem o golfo de Aqaba, no Mar Vermelho."},"se":{"name":"Ayla (Aqaba).","date":"Första århundradet e.H./ 600-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Islamisk, före umayyadernas tid.","location":"Aqaba.","justification":"Mamlukerna byggde en borg vid Ayla för att kunna bevaka Aqabaviken vid Röda Havet."},"tr":{"name":"Ayla (Akabe).","date":"H. 1. yy / M. 7. yy ortası.","dynasty":"Emevi öncesi erken İslam dönemi","location":"Akabe","justification":"Memluklar, Kızıldeniz'deki Akabe Körfezini denetim altına almak için Ayla yakınlarında bir kale kurdu."},"ar":{"justification":"**قام المماليك ببناء قلعة بالقرب من أيلة لمراقبة خليج العقبة المتصل بالبحر الأحمر.**"},"en":{"justification":"The Mamluks built a castle near Ayla to oversee the Gulf of Aqaba on the Red Sea."},"fr":{"justification":"Pour surveiller le golfe d'Aqaba sur la mer Rouge, les Mamelouks érigèrent un château près d'Ayla."}}},{"id":"b20793d5-1141-55aa-a80e-ab4725d92f81","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/f2134996-a33b-597b-83a4-f09173cc55e2.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Türme der Zitadelle von Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi: Burg al-Ramla und Burg al-Haddad","date":"AH 579 / AD 1184","dynasty":"Ayyubiden","location":"Kairo","justification":"Die Zitadelle verkörperte die militärische und politische Macht der Mamluken-*Sultane* und ihres Reichs."},"es":{"name":"Torres (bury) al-Ramla y al-Haddad de la ciudadela de Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi","date":"579 de la Hégira / 1184 d. C.","dynasty":"Ayyubíes.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"La ciudadela representaba el poder militar y político del sultán mameluco y su imperio."},"it":{"name":"Torri della Cittadella di Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi: Burg al-Ramla e Burg al-Haddad.","date":"Egira 579 / d.C. 1184.","dynasty":"Ayyubide.","location":"Cairo","justification":"La cittadella rappresentò il potere militare e politico del sultano mamelucco e del suo impero."},"pt":{"name":"Torres da cidadela de Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi: Burj al-Ramla e Burj al-Haddad.","date":"579 H. / 1184 d.C.","dynasty":"Ayyubidas.","location":"Cairo","justification":"A cidadela representava o poder militar e político do sultão mameluco e do seu império."},"se":{"name":"Tornen i Salah al-Din al Ayyubis citadell: Burg al-Ramla och Burg al-Haddad.","date":"579 e.H. / 1184 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Ayyubiderna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Citadellet var ett uttryck för den militära och politiska makt som mamluksultanen och hans rike hade."},"tr":{"name":"Salaheddin Eyyubi Kalesi burçları: Ramla ve Haddad Burçları.","date":"H. 579 / M. 1184.","dynasty":"Eyyubi.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Kaleler, Memluk sultanının ve devletinin askeri ve siyasi gücünü bünyelerinde barındırıyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"كانت القلعة تجسيداً لنفوذ السلطان المملوكي ودولته على الصعيدين العسكري والسياسي. ."},"en":{"justification":"The citadel embodied the military and political power of the Mamluk sultan and his empire."},"fr":{"justification":"La citadelle incarnait le pouvoir militaire et politique du sultan mamelouk et de son empire."}}},{"id":"23643565-2f67-5fbb-a44a-abd9cfd3771f","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/34d4d393-54a7-5082-9b65-bc27d9231f74.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Burg Karak","date":"AH 6.–8. Jahrhundert / AD 12. –14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Kreuzfahrer / Ayyubiden / Mamluken","location":"Karak","justification":"Die Burg Karak wurde von Kreuzfahrern gebaut und wuchs unter den Mamluken zu einer kleinen Stadt."},"es":{"name":"Castillo de Karak","date":"Siglos VI–VIII de la Hégira / XII –XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Cruzados, ayyubíes, mamelucos.","location":"Karak","justification":"El castillo de Karak, construido por los francos, fue ampliado en época mameluca hasta convertirse en una pequeña ciudad."},"it":{"name":"Castello di Karak.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XII –XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca delle Crociate, Ayyubide–Mamelucca.","location":"Karak","justification":"Il castello di Karak, costruito dai Franchi, crebbe fino a diventare una piccola città in epoca mamelucca."},"pt":{"name":"Castelo de Karak.","date":"Séculos VI-VIII H. / XII-XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Cruzados, Ayyubidas–Mamelucos.","location":"Karak","justification":"O castelo de Karak, construído pelos francos, foi ampliado na época mameluca até se converter numa pequena cidade."},"se":{"name":"Borgen i Karak.","date":"500- 700-talet e.H. / 1100- 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Korstågstiden, ayyubidisk–mamlukisk tid.","location":"Karak.","justification":"Borgen Karak, som hade byggts av frankerna, växte ut till en mindre stad under mamluktiden."},"tr":{"name":"Kerak Kalesi.","date":"H. 6.–8. yy / M. 12.–14. yy.","dynasty":"Haçlı, Eyyubi–Memluk.","location":"Kerak","justification":"Frenkler tarafından inşa edilen Kerak Kalesi, Memluk döneminde küçük bir şehir halini aldı."},"ar":{"justification":"**بنيت قلعة الكرك** **من طرف الفرنجة، ونمت حتى باتت أشبه بمدينة صغيرة أيام المماليك.**"},"en":{"justification":"Karak Castle, built by the Franks, grew to resemble a small city in Mamluk times."},"fr":{"justification":"Sous les Mamelouks, le château de Karak, édifié par les Francs, finit par ressembler à une petite ville."}}},{"id":"93fcd379-1558-5fc1-bb67-2850f4814fa0","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/98faa8d0-7d4e-5caa-a632-11efb60b3a73.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Zitadelle von Qaytbay","date":"AH 884 / AD 1479","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Alexandria","justification":"Dieser Zitadellenkomplex in Alexandria wurde gebaut, um den wichtigsten Meereshafen Ägyptens zu verteidigen."},"es":{"name":"Ciudadela de Qaytbay","date":"884 de la Hégira / 1479 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Alejandría","justification":"Esta fortaleza se construyó para defender el puerto marítimo más importante de Egipto, Alejandría."},"it":{"name":"Cittadella di Qaytbay.","date":"Egira 884 / d.C. 1479.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Alessandria","justification":"Le fortificazioni della cittadella furono costruite per difendere il più importante porto d’Egitto: Alessandria."},"pt":{"name":"Cidadela de Qaytbay.","date":"884 H. / 1479 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Alexandria","justification":"Esta fortaleza foi construída para defender o porto marítimo mais importante do Egipto, Alexandria."},"se":{"name":"Qaytbays citadell.","date":"884 e.H. / 1479 Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Alexandria.","justification":"Denna citadellanläggning konstruerades för att försvara Egyptens viktigaste hamn: Alexandria."},"tr":{"name":"Kayıtbay Kalesi.","date":"H. 884 / M. 1479.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"İskenderiye","justification":"Bu hisar, Mısır'daki en önemli limanı, yani İskenderiye'yi savunmak için inşa edildi."},"ar":{"justification":"**شُيدَ هذا المجمع الحصين للدفاع عن الإسكندرية أحد أهم الموانئ البحرية في مصر.**"},"en":{"justification":"This citadel-complex was constructed in order to defend the most important sea port in Egypt: Alexandria."},"fr":{"justification":"Cette citadelle, élément d'un vaste complexe, fut édifiée pour défendre Alexandrie, le plus important port d'Égypte."}}}]},{"id":"17b8ce1b-11e8-500c-ba13-dd3af722e3b4","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_86","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:86","parent_id":"b1f3d679-a18b-5258-af5f-524e8530cb84","country_id":null,"display_order":3,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"d5f6e50a-98c0-5ed7-8aca-8f6313966465","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/33ef0de6-90f4-5ce3-85cd-fc9dedb50b70.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Becken","date":"Circa AH 692–743 / AD 1293–1341","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"The British Museum","justification":"Der Glanz des Mamluken-*Sultans* sollte sich in Luxusgegenständen an seinem Hof – darunter auch in dieser reich dekorierten Waschschüssel – spiegeln."},"es":{"name":"Jofaina","date":"692–743 de la Hégira / 1293–1341 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Brtiánico","justification":"El esplendor del sultán mameluco se hacía evidente en los lujosos objetos de que se rodeaba en palacio, como esta jofaina de exquisita decoración."},"it":{"name":"Bacinella.","date":"Circa Egira 692–743 / d.C. 1293–1341.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"La magnificenza del sultano mamelucco doveva riflettersi nel lusso degli oggetti di cui si circondava a corte, come ad esempio questa bacinella per lavarsi, sfarzosamente decorata."},"pt":{"name":"Bacia.","date":"c. 692–743 H. / 1293–1341 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Britânico.","justification":"O esplendor do sultão era evidenciado pelos luxuosos objectos de que se rodeava no palácio, como esta bacia de refinada decoração."},"se":{"name":"Tvättfat.","date":"Ca 692–743 e.H./ 1293–1341 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"London.","museum":"The British Museum.","justification":"Mamluksultanens lyskraft blev ännu tydligare genom alla de lyxföremål som han omgav sig med i hovlivet, som detta rikt dekorerade handfat."},"tr":{"name":"Leğen.","date":"H. 692–743 / M. 1293–1341 civarı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"The British Museum.","justification":"Memluk sultanlarının ihtişamı, zengin süslemeli bu leğen gibi, sarayda onları çevreleyen lüks objelerde ifade bulurdu."},"ar":{"justification":"تجلَّى بهاء السلطان المملوكي في أسباب الترف التي أحاطت ببلاطه، مثل الطست الغني بالزخارف المخصص للغسيل."},"en":{"justification":"The splendour of the Mamluk sultan was evident in the luxurious objects that surrounded him at court, such as this richly decorated basin for washing."},"fr":{"justification":"La splendeur du sultan se traduit dans les luxueux objets qui l'entourent, comme cette vasque à ablutions richement décorée."}}},{"id":"82623a18-7533-59e9-b6b9-13cb371445c3","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/e5b84d31-8f04-5861-94ca-73240865912b.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Parfumzerstäuber","date":"AH 698–708 / AD 1299–1309 oder AH 709–741 / AD 1309–40","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Ein luxuriöser Wasserzerstäuber wie dieser diente der Körperhygiene des *Sultans.*"},"es":{"name":"Perfumador","date":"698–708 o 709–741 de la Hégira / 1299–1309 o 1309–1340 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"Para su higiene personal, el sultán utilizaba suntuosos perfumadores como este."},"it":{"name":"Spruzzatore di profumo.","date":"Egira 698–708 / d.C. 1299–1309 o Egira 709–741 / d.C. 1309–40.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Aspersori lussuosi come questo erano usati per l’igiene personale del sultano."},"pt":{"name":"Perfumador.","date":"698–708 H. / 1299–1309 d.C. ou 709–741 H. /  1309–40 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"Para a sua higiene pessoal, o sultão usava sumptuosos perfumadores como este."},"se":{"name":"Stänkflaska för parfym.","date":"698–708 e.H. / 1299–1309 e.Kr. eller 709–741 e.H. / 1309–40 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"Stänkflaskor för parfym som den här har sultanen själv använt."},"tr":{"name":"Parfüm şişesi.","date":"H. 698–708 / M. 1299–1309 veya AH 709–741 / M. 1309–40.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Bunun gibi lüks serpiciler sultanın kişisel kullanımı içindi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت المرشات الفاخرة الشبيهة بهذه تُوظف لضمان صحة السلطان الشخصية**"},"en":{"justification":"Luxurious sprinklers like this served the sultan’s personal hygiene."}}},{"id":"f0a22720-4486-5cd9-b830-526d7c53d494","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/a2864616-9a49-5461-89cb-12733a6d7a56.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Kesselpauke","date":"AH erste Hälfte 8. Jahrhundert / AD erste Hälfte 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Stockholm","museum":"Königliche Waffenkammer","justification":"Die Mamluken-*Sultane* jagten zum Vergnügen mit Falken und stellten dabei ihre Fähigkeiten unter Beweis."},"es":{"name":"Timbal","date":"Primera mitad del siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Estocolmo","museum":"Armería Real","justification":"Los sultanes mamelucos practicaban la cetrería por diversión y para demostrar su gran habilidad como cazadores."},"it":{"name":"Timpano.","date":"Egira prima metà dell’VIII secolo / d.C. prima metà del XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Stoccolma","museum":"Armeria Reale.","justification":"I sultani mamelucchi amavano la falconeria per passatempo e per mostrare il loro superiore talento nella caccia."},"pt":{"name":"Timabale.","date":"Primeira metade do séc. VIII H. / primeira metade do séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Estocolmo","museum":"Armaria Real.","justification":"Os sultões mamelucos praticavam a falcoaria por diversão e para demonstrarem a sua grande habilidade como caçadores."},"tr":{"name":"Şahinci davulu.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy ilk yarısı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Stockholm","museum":"Kraliyet Cebehanesi.","justification":"Memluk sultanları boş zamanlarında şahinlerle kuş avlamaktan ve üstün avcılık becerilerini sergilemekten zevk alırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**درج سلاطين المماليك على الاستمتاع بالبزدرة للتسلية ولإظهار مهاراتهم المتفوقة في القنص**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk sultans enjoyed falconry for leisure and to display their superior hunting skills."},"fr":{"justification":"Les sultans aiment se distraire en montrant leurs talents de chasseurs et de fauconnier."},"se":{"justification":"Falkjakt hörde till mamluksultanernas favoritnöjen; här kunde de få visa hur skickliga de var i att jaga."}}},{"id":"bdd605c9-b2d9-57fb-8063-869eda526bd5","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/5d0f1c17-0651-5332-86b8-740c95289772.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Flasche mit Polo spielenden Reitern","date":"Circa AH 700 / AD 1300","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst – Staatliche Museen zu Berlin","justification":"Polo war bei den Herrschern der Mamluken beliebt, weil das Spiel Sport und militärische Übung verband."},"es":{"name":"Botella con jugadores de polo","date":"Hacia 700 de la Hégira / 1300 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Berlín","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico del Museo Pergamon","justification":"El polo (*yawkan*), que combinaba el deporte con la ejercitación militar, era un pasatiempo popular entre los sultanes mamelucos."},"it":{"name":"Bottiglia con giocatori di polo.","date":"Circa Egira 700 / d.C. 1300.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Berlino","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica al Pergamon Museum.","justification":"Il polo (*jawkan*) era uno svago molto amato dai sultani mamelucchi perché combinava l'allenamento militare con lo sport."},"pt":{"name":"Garrafa com jogadores de pólo.","date":"c. 700 H. / 1300 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Berlim","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica do Museu Pergamon.","justification":"O pólo (*yawkan*), que combinava o desporto com o exercício militar, era um passatempo popular entre os sultões mamelucos."},"se":{"name":"Flaska med ryttare som spelar hästpolo.","date":"Ca 700 e.H. / 1300 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Berlin","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst i Pergamonmuseet.","justification":"Polo (*jawkan*) var ett populärt tidsfördriv bland mamluksultanerna. I polo kombinerades militär träning med sport."},"tr":{"name":"Polo oyunculu şişe.","date":"H. 700 / M. 1300 civarı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Berlin","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi, Devlet Müzeleri.","justification":"Askeri eğitimi ve sporu birleştiren polo (*cevken*), Memluk sultanları tarafından sevilen bir uğraştı."},"ar":{"justification":"كان البولو (الجاوكان) لعبة شعبية لدى سلاطين المماليك، مزاوجة بين التدريب العسكري والرياضة."},"en":{"justification":"Polo (*jawkan*) was a popular pastime among Mamluk sultans, combining military exercise and sport."},"fr":{"justification":"Le polo (*jawkan*), à la fois sport et entraînement militaire, est un des passe-temps favoris des sultans mamelouks."}}}]},{"id":"cc5c14f6-ee31-580d-97ca-0fb352da0379","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_90","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:90","parent_id":"0d96fdda-709f-55ff-974d-36ce25e67b8e","country_id":null,"display_order":3,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"9f13783f-37c2-5e26-9fc8-82aec3de2188","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8ea36989-0f23-51c0-8e51-d6f608c4a74a.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Marmortafel","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Muslime beten in Richtung Mekka. Die Lage Mekkas ist in Gebäuden durch eine Gebetsnische *(Mihrab)* oder eine derartige Tafel in der so genannten *Qibla*\\-Wand gekennzeichnet."},"es":{"name":"Placa de mármol","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"*Los musulmanes rezan mirando a La Meca. Dentro de los edificios, esta dirección se señala con un nicho de oración *(mihrab)* situado en el muro de la* qibla *o con una placa como esta.*"},"it":{"name":"Targa di marmo.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"I musulmani pregano rivolti verso la Mecca e l'esatta direzione all'interno degli edifici è evidenziata dalla nicchia della preghiera (*mihrab*) ricavata nel muro della *qibla*, o da un rlievo simile a questo."},"pt":{"name":"Placa de mármore.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"Os muçulmanos rezam olhando na direcção de Meca. Dentro dos edifícios, esta direcção assinala-se com um nicho de oração (*mihrab*) situado no muro da *qibla,* ou com uma placa como esta."},"se":{"name":"Mamorplatta.","date":"700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"Muslimer ber mot Mekka; den riktningen markeras inne i byggnaderna med en bönenisch (*mihrab*) eller en platta i *qibla*\\-väggen som liknar den här."},"tr":{"name":"Mermer levha.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Müslümanlar Mekke'ye dönerek namaz kılar; binalarda Mekke'nin yönü, kıble duvarındaki bir mihrap veya buna benzer bir levhayla gösterilir."},"ar":{"justification":"**يتوجَّه المسلمون عند الصلاة نحو مكة؛ وهي وجهة تم تبيانها في المباني بمحراب صلاة في الجدار القِبْلي، أو بلوحة شبيهة به.**"},"en":{"justification":"Muslims pray towards Mecca; its direction within buildings is marked by a prayer niche (*mihrab*) in the *qibla* wall, or by a plaque similar to this one."},"fr":{"justification":"Les musulmans prient tournés vers La Mecque, dont la direction est signalée dans les bâtiments par une niche (*mihrab*) dans le mur de *qibla*, ou par une plaque similaire à celle-ci."}}},{"id":"c1a3ba49-902b-5949-8d97-4621638aa6cb","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/49f72939-5e30-54a4-bb13-f53a18ea80f3.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Erbdokument","date":"AH 793 Dhu al-Qada / AD 1. Oktober 1391","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","museum":"Islamisches Museum, al-Aqsa-Moschee / al-Haram al-Scharif","justification":"Alle rechtlichen Dokumente wurden in Übereinstimmung mit dem Koran und der Scharia abgefasst."},"es":{"name":"Testamento","date":"2 de du l-qaada de 793 / 1 de octubre de 1391","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","museum":"Museo Islámico de la Mezquita al-Aqsa – Al-Haram al-Sharif","justification":"*Todos los documentos jurídicos se redactaban con arreglo a las directrices del Corán y la* sharia."},"it":{"name":"Testamento.","date":"Egira 793 Dhu al-Qaeda / (1 Ottobre1391).","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","museum":"Museo Islamico, Moschea al-Aqsa  / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Tutti i documenti legali erano compilati secondo le direttive del Corano e della *sharia*."},"pt":{"name":"Testamento.","date":"Mês de Dhu al-Qaeda 793  / Outubro 1391","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","museum":"Museu Islâmico, Mesquita de al-Aqsa / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Todos os documentos jurídicos eram redigidos de acordo com as directrizes do Alcorão e a *sharia*."},"se":{"name":"Testamente.","date":"793 e.H. Dhu al-Qaeda / den 1 oktober 1391 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"Jerusalem.","museum":"Islamiska museet i al-Aqsamoskén / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Alla juridiska dokument gjordes upp i enlighet med direktiven i Koranen och *sharia*\\-lagen."},"tr":{"name":"Miras evrakı.","date":"H. 793 Zilkade / M. 1 Ekim 1391.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","museum":"İslamiyet Müzesi ve Mescid-i Aksa Kütüphanesi.","justification":"Tüm hukuki evraklar, Kur'an'ın talimatlarına ve şeriat yasalarına uygun olarak hazırlanırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت جميع الوثائق الحقوقية تُحرَّر وفقاً لتوجيهات القرآن وأحكام الشريعة**"},"en":{"justification":"All legal documents were drawn up according to the directive of the Qur’an and *shari’a* law."},"fr":{"justification":"Tous les documents légaux sont établis d'après les directives du Coran et de la *charia*."}}},{"id":"d433bf50-3272-569f-a940-5a05965ceb20","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/a150c2bd-ae29-5e9a-b4d2-e94a4cb7ac0c.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Marmor-Kenotaph","date":"2536: Safar 893 (Januar–Februar 1488); 2537: Safar 899 (November–Dezember 1493)","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Istanbul","museum":"Museum für Türkische und Islamische Kunst","justification":"Würdenträger wurden in aufwändigen Gräbern bestattet. Wie die Mausoleen sind sie ein Erbe der vorislamischen Kultur."},"es":{"name":"Cenotafios de mármol","date":"2536: safar de 893 / enero-febrero de 1488; 2537: safar de 899 / noviembre-diciembre de 1493.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Estambul","museum":"Museo de Arte Turco e Islámico","justification":"Los dignatarios se enterraban en ornamentadas tumbas que, junto con los mausoleos, eran típicas de la cultura preislámica."},"it":{"name":"Cenotafi in marmo.","date":"2536: Safar 893 (Gennaio–Febbraio 1488); 2537: Safar 899 (Novembre–Dicembre 1493).","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Istanbul","museum":"Museo delle Arti Turche e Islamiche.","justification":"Le personalità in vista erano sepolte in tombe elaborate che, insieme ai mausolei, erano ispirate a modelli di culture preislamiche."},"pt":{"name":"Cenotáfios de mármore.","date":"2536: Safar 893  (Janeiro–Fevereiro 1488); 2537: Safar 899 (Novembro–Dezembro 1493).","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Istambul","museum":"Museu das Artes Turca e Islâmica.","justification":"Os dignitários eram enterrados em ornamentados túmulos, que, juntamente com os mausoléus, eram típicos da cultura pré-islâmica."},"se":{"name":"Två gravmonument av marmor.","date":"Safar 893 e.H. /Januari–februari 1488 e.Kr. och Safar 899 e.H. /November–december 1493 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiska.","location":"Sultanahmet","museum":"Museet för turkisk och islamisk konst.","justification":"De påkostade gravmonumenten och mausoleerna för högt uppsatta personer är ett arv från den förislamiska perioden."},"tr":{"name":"Mermer sandukalar.","date":"2536: Sefer 893 (Ocak–Şubat 1488); 2537: Sefer 899 (Kasım–Aralık 1493).","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"İstanbul","museum":"Türk ve İslam Eserleri Müzesi.","justification":"Önemli şahsiyetler, türbelerin yanı sıra İslamiyet öncesi kültür için tipik olan görkemli mezarlara gömülürdü."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان الأشراف والأعيان يُدْفَنون في قبور متقنة، تشكل، مع الأضرحة، ظواهر مميزة لثقافة ما قبل الإسلام.**"},"en":{"justification":"Dignitaries were buried in elaborate tombs which together with mausolea are typical of pre-Islamic culture."},"fr":{"justification":"Les dignitaires sont enterrés dans de riches tombes qui, avec les mausolées, sont caractéristiques de la culture préislamique."}}},{"id":"675a1412-80d3-5ceb-be97-76ef1b5412e4","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/c18de904-2514-5f9c-948b-79a055433685.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Räuchergefäß","date":"AH 9.–10. Jahrhundert / AD 15.–16. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Glasgow","museum":"Kelvingrove Kunstgalerie und Museum, Glasgow Museums","justification":"Parfum und Weihrauch waren feste Bestandteile der muslimischen Körperpflege. Düfte erfüllten auch Moscheen, Paläste und Wohnhäuser."},"es":{"name":"Incensario","date":"Siglo IX o X de la Hégira / XV o XVI d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Glasgow","museum":"Galería de Arte y Museo Kelvingrove  – Museos de Glasgow","justification":"El perfume y el incienso formaban parte de la higiene personal de los musulmanes. Además, se usaban para perfumar el interior de mezquitas, palacios y casas particulares."},"it":{"name":"Incensiere.","date":"Egira secoli IX–X / d.C. secoli XV–XVI.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Glasgow","museum":"Kelvingrove Art Gallery e Museum, Glasgow Museums.","justification":"Profumi e incensi erano parte integrante della cosmesi personale di un musulmano ed erano usati anche per profumare gli interni di moschee, palazzi ed anche comuni appartamenti."},"pt":{"name":"Incensário.","date":"Sécs. IX-X H. / sécs XV-XVI d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Glasgow","museum":"Museu e Galeria de Arte Kelvingrove, Museus de Glasgow.","justification":"O perfume e o incenso faziam parte da higiene pessoal dos muçulmanos. Eram, além disso, usados para perfumar o interior de mesquitas, palácios e casas particulares."},"se":{"name":"Rökelsekar.","date":"800-900-talet e.H./ 1400-1500-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"Glasgow.","museum":"Kelvingrove konstgalleri och museum, Glasgow Museums.","justification":"Parfym och rökelse hörde till den muslimska kroppsvården och användes för att det skulle lukta gott både i palats, moskéer och vanliga bostäder."},"tr":{"name":"Buhurdan.","date":"H. 9.–10. yy / M. 15.–16. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Glasgow","museum":"Kelvingrove Sanat Galerisi ve Müzesi, Glasgow Müzeleri.","justification":"Parfüm ve tütsü, Müslümanların kişisel bakımlarının ayrılmaz parçalarıydı ve ayrıca cami, saray ve normal evlerin içini kokulandırmak için kullanılırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان العطر والبخور جزءاً لا يتجزأ من نظافة المسلم الشخصية، كما جرى استخدامهما لتعطير مداخل المساجد والقصور والمنازل العادية.**"},"en":{"justification":"Perfume and incense were integral to a Muslim’s personal hygiene, and were used to fragrance the interiors of mosques, palaces and ordinary residences."},"fr":{"justification":"Les parfums et l'encens font partie des accessoires d'hygiène personnelle du musulman et servent également à parfumer l'intérieur des mosquées, des palais et des habitations ordinaires."}}},{"id":"e0b9788f-2138-5261-bd75-1329e810829d","display_order":5,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/9556f1c8-f07b-5e6a-ac8b-cfcfc94dbaa0.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Sabil* (Brunnen) und *Kuttab* (Koranschule) von *Sultan* Qaytbay","date":"AH 884 / AD 1479","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Die Mamlukenherrscher demonstrierten ihr karitatives Engagement durch den Bau von öffentlichen Brunnen *(Sabil)* und Koranschulen *(Kuttab)*. Der Sabil-Kuttab kombinierte mit einem Brunnen im Erdgeschoss und einer Schule im Obergeschoss beide Funktionen."},"es":{"name":"Fuente (sabil) y escuela coránica (kuttab) del Sultán Qaytbay","date":"884 de la Hégira / 1479 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"*Los gobernantes mamelucos demostraban su caridad construyendo fuentes públicas y escuelas coránicas *(sabil-kuttab);* la fuente pública *(sabil)* estaba en la planta baja y la escuela *(kuttab),* en el piso superior.*"},"it":{"name":"Sabil e Kuttab (Scuola coranica) del Sultano Qaytbay.","date":"Egira 884 / d.C. 1479.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"I principi mamelucchi dimostravano il loro senso di carità costruendo edifici che erano al tempo stesso fontane pubbliche e scuole coraniche gratuite (*sabil-kuttab*), la fontana (*sabil*) al piano inferiore e la scuola (*kuttab*) a quello superiore."},"pt":{"name":"Sabil (fonte) e Kuttab (escola corânica) do sultão Qaytbay.","date":"884 H. / 1479 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Os governantes mamelucos demonstravam a sua caridade construindo fontes públicas e escolas corânicas (*sabil-kuttab*); a fonte pública (*sabil*) situava-se no rés-do-chão e a escola (*kuttab*), no piso superior."},"se":{"name":"Sultan Qaytbays sabil (brunnshus) och Kuttab (koranskola).","date":"884 e.H. / 1479 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Mamlukregenterna visade sin frikostighet genom att anlägga brunnar för allmänheten och koranskolor (sabil-kuttab) där brunnen (*sabil*) finns på bottenvåningen och skolan (*kuttab*) är en trappa upp."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Kayıtbay Sebil-Küttabı.","date":"H. 884 / M. 1479.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Memluk idarecileri, sebil ve Kur'an okulları (sebil-küttab) kurarak hayır işlerinde bulunurlardı. Sebiller yapıların alt katında, küttablar ise üst katta yer alırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**درج حكام المماليك على استعراض سخائهم في عمل الخير، عبر بناء مناهل الماء العامة ومدارس تحفيظ القرآن (السبيل والكُتَّاب)، حيث يكون السبيل في الطبقة السفلية والمدرسة في الطبقة العلوية.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk rulers demonstrated their charitable giving by building public fountains and Qur’anic schools (*sabil-kuttab*), whereby the public fountain (*sabil*) is downstairs, and the school (*kuttab*) is upstairs."},"fr":{"justification":"Les souverains mamelouks témoignent de leur esprit de charité en édifiant des fontaines publiques et des écoles coraniques (*sabil-kuttab*) ; dans ces édifices, l'école (*kuttab*) est aménagée au-dessus de la fontaine (*sabil*)."}}}]},{"id":"67d05c74-9479-5504-9b95-28708620c776","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_93","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:93","parent_id":"5fece024-c74e-561d-b95d-491951907de9","country_id":null,"display_order":3,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"9c99c966-ce63-54c0-ab28-822914e17003","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/e4339752-48a4-53c2-abd3-3d06af5100eb.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Medrese* al-Dschakmakiyya","date":"AH 762–822 / AD 1361–1421/2","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Damaskus","justification":"Diese *Medrese* stiftete der Gouverneur der Mamluken in Damaskus in den Jahren 1407-8."},"es":{"name":"Madrasa al-Yaqmaqiyya","date":"762–822 de la Hégira / 1361–1422 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","justification":"Esta madrasa fue una donación del gobernador mameluco de Damasco en 1407."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya.","date":"Egira 762–822 / d.C. 1361–1421/2.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Damasco","justification":"La *madrasa* fu finanziata dal governatore mamelucco di Damasco nell'810 / 1407–08."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya.","date":"762–822 H. / 1361–1421/2 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","justification":"Esta madrasa foi uma doação do governador mameluco de Damasco, em 1407."},"se":{"name":"Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya.","date":"762–822 e.H. / 1361–1421/2 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Damaskus.","justification":"*Madrasa* som skänkts av Damaskus mamlukguvernör år 810 / 1407-08."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Çakmak Medresesi.","date":"H. 762–822 / M. 1361–1421/2.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Şam","justification":"Bu medrese, 1407–8 yıllarında Memluk Şam valisi tarafından yaptırılmıştır."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت المدرسة وقفاً تبرع به والي دمشق المملوكي في عام 810 هـ/1407–1408 م.**"},"en":{"justification":"The *madrasa* was endowed by the Mamluk governor of Damascus in 810 / 1407–8."},"fr":{"justification":"La *madrasa* a été l'objet d'une dotation financée le gouverneur mamelouk de Damas en 810/1408."}}},{"id":"42aad0c1-ac08-52ed-b98e-35a070c4bdeb","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ec232146-067c-58cb-935a-0393182f2194.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Manuskript über Chirurgie","location":"Damaskus","museum":"Nationalmuseum Damaskus","justification":"Eine illustrierte Abhandlung über das Kauterisieren (Verätzen) aus einem mamlukischen Manuskript, das in Syrien kopiert wurde"},"es":{"name":"Manuscrito de cirugía","date":"Siglo VIII o IX de la Hégira / XIV o XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Lección ilustrada sobre cauterización, extraída de un manuscrito mameluco copiado en Siria."},"it":{"name":"Manoscritto sulla chirurgia.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nazionale di Damasco","justification":"Un importante documento sulla cauterizzazione, contenuto in un manoscritto mamelucco copiato in Siria."},"pt":{"name":"Manuscrito de cirurgia.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museu Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Lição ilustrada sobre cauterização, extraída de um manuscrito mameluco copiado na Síria."},"se":{"name":"En text om kirurgi.","location":"Damaskus.","museum":"Nationalmuseet i Damaskus","justification":"Illustrerad avhandling om desinficering av huden genom bränning, ur ett mamlukiskt manuskript som kopierats i Syrien."},"tr":{"name":"Cerrahi üzerine elyazması.","location":"Şam","museum":"Ulusal Müze","justification":"Dağlama işlemi ile ilgili, Suriye'de kopyalanmış bir Memluk elyazmasından alınma resimli bir metin."},"ar":{"justification":"**بحث موضَّح بالرسوم لعملية الكي، مأخوذ من مخطوطة مملوكية منسوخة في سورية.**"},"en":{"justification":"An illustrated discourse on cauterization, taken from a Mamluk manuscript copied in Syria."},"fr":{"justification":"Texte illustré sur la cautérisation, extrait d'un manuscrit mamelouk copié en Syrie."}}},{"id":"fb606a6f-b8ec-56c9-b78e-78a4d174a94c","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8f9f47cd-8c87-5d69-840a-9d5cbfcee800.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Krug","date":"Circa AH 833 / AD 1430","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"The British Museum","justification":"Gläser wie dieses in Syrien produzierte dienten zur Aufbewahrung von Heilkräutern."},"es":{"name":"Tarro","date":"Hacia 833 de la Hégira / 1430 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Británico","justification":"Las plantas medicinales se guardaban en tarros similares a este, fabricado en Siria."},"it":{"name":"Vaso.","date":"Circa Egira 833 / d.C. 1430.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"Vasi di questo tipo, prodotti in Siria, servivano a contenere erbe officinali."},"pt":{"name":"Jarra","date":"c. 833 H. / 1430 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Britânico.","justification":"As plantas medicinais eram guardadas em jarras similares a esta, fabricada na Síria."},"se":{"name":"Kruka.","date":"Ca 833 e.H. / 1430 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"London.","museum":"British Museum.","justification":"I krukor som den här som är gjord i Syrien brukade medicinska örter förvaras."},"tr":{"name":"Kavanoz.","date":"H. 833 / M. 1430 civarı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"The British Museum."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت جرار شبيهة بهذه تُصنع في سورية وربما تستخدم لحفظ أعشاب طبية.**"},"en":{"justification":"Jars similar to this one produced in Syria would have held medicinal herbs."},"fr":{"justification":"Des jarres produites en Syrie et similaires à celle-ci pouvaient contenir des herbes médicinales."}}},{"id":"d4fac3f2-aef5-5d9c-92ce-6e04c206f021","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/7c65915d-b7c8-56e1-ad08-bf5319e043f0.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Manuskript über Geografie","date":"AH 741 / AD 1340","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Damaskus","museum":"Nationalmuseum Damaskus","justification":"Die Gestaltung dieses in Syrien hergestellten Buchs über die Geografie nahm das Konzept moderner Enzyklopädien vorweg."},"es":{"name":"Manuscrito de geografía","date":"741 de la Hégira / 1340 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Este libro sirio de geografía se anticipa, en su paginación, a las enciclopedias modernas."},"it":{"name":"Manoscritto di geografia.","date":"Egira 741 / d.C. 1340.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nazionale di Damasco","justification":"La concezione di questo libro di geografia pubblicato in Siria, anticipa le moderne enciclopedie."},"pt":{"name":"Manuscrito de geografia.","date":"741 H. / 1340 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museu Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Este livro sírio de geografia antecipa-se, na sua paginação, às enciclopédias modernas."},"se":{"name":"En text om geografi.","date":"741 e.H. / 1340 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Damaskus.","museum":"Nationalmuseet i Damaskus","justification":"Som den här boken om geografi är upplagd förebådar den de moderna encyklopedierna."},"tr":{"name":"Coğrafya üzerine elyazması.","date":"H. 741 / M. 1340.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Şam","museum":"Ulusal Müze","justification":"Coğrafya konusunda Suriye'de yazılan bu kitabın sayfa düzeni, çağdaş ansiklopedilerin habercisidir."},"ar":{"justification":"**يشكل مخطوط كتاب الجغرافيا المنجز في سورية سابقةً للموسوعات الحديثة.**"},"en":{"justification":"The layout of this book on geography produced in Syria anticipates modern encyclopaedias."},"fr":{"justification":"La mise en page de ce livre de géographie réalisé en Syrie anticipe les encyclopédies modernes."}}}]},{"id":"d0420e12-6207-5772-b8f0-9c22f7f604c4","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_97","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:97","parent_id":"282bf248-cb40-5b24-9d50-166d75b8a10e","country_id":null,"display_order":3,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"d4475f08-ea5a-5e67-84a3-3e7f04581e4b","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/01844de9-bbbd-5e77-9477-b66e63053181.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Bucheinband","date":"Vermutlich AH spätes  9. Jahrhundert / AD 15. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"London","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum","justification":"Aufwändig gebundene Korane und Bücher wurden für die Mamluken-*Sultane* hergestellt."},"es":{"name":"Encuadernación","date":"Probablemente finales del siglo IX de la Hégira / XV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museo Victoria & Albert","justification":"Los sultanes mamelucos encargaban coranes y libros exquisitamente encuadernados."},"it":{"name":"Rilegatura di un libro.","date":"Probabilmente Egira tardo IX secolo  / d.C. XV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Preziosi corani rilegati e libri in genere venivano commissionati dai sultani mamelucchi."},"pt":{"name":"Encadernação.","date":"Provavelmente séc. IX H. / séc. XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Londres","museum":"Museu Victoria & Albert","justification":"Os sultões mamelucos encomendaram exemplares do Alcorão e outros livros requintadamente encadernados."},"se":{"name":"Bokband.","date":"Troligen slutet av 800-talet e.H./ 1400-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"London.","museum":"Victoria and Albert Museum.","justification":"Mamluksultanerna beställde utsökt vackert inbundna Koraner och andra böcker."},"tr":{"name":"Cilt.","date":"Muhtemelen H. 9. yy / 15. yy sonu.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Londra","museum":"Victoria and Albert Müzesi.","justification":"Memluk sultanları, zarif bir şekilde ciltlenmiş Kur'an'lar ve kitaplar sipariş ediyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"**نسخ من القرآن وكتب مجلدة بأسلوب بالغ الروعة بإيعاز من سلاطين المماليك.**"},"en":{"justification":"Exquisitely bound Qur’ans and books were commissioned by Mamluk sultans."},"fr":{"justification":"Des corans et des livres merveilleusement reliés sont commandités par les sultans mamelouks."}}},{"id":"e499d19d-1cd3-574e-b40c-b7a8dc83a218","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/86d9f63b-d441-581a-86a5-795c5d4c9350.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Koran","date":"AH Ramadan 713 / AD Dezember 1313","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Istanbul","museum":"Museum für Türkische und Islamische Kunst","justification":"Edle Kalligrafien und geometrische Illuminationen in Gold sind das Kennzeichen der Korane aus der Mamlukenzeit. Dieser Koran entstand für den Mamluken-*Sultan* Nasir al-Din Muhammad, der zwischen 1293 und 1341 dreimal regierte."},"es":{"name":"Corán","date":"Ramadán de 713 / diciembre de 1313.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Estambul","museum":"Museo de Arte Turco e Islámico","justification":"Los coranes del periodo mameluco se distinguen por una caligrafía refinada y la iluminación con motivos geométricos en oro. Este Corán se hizo para el sultán mameluco Nasir al-Din Muhammad, que gobernó tres veces entre 1293 y 1341."},"it":{"name":"Corano.","date":"Egira Ramadan 713 / d.C. Decembre 1313.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Istanbul","museum":"Museo delle Arti Turche e Islamiche.","justification":"Raffinata calligrafia e miniature geometriche in oro caratterizzano l’edizione di corani di epoca mamelucca. Questo Corano fu fatto per il sultano mamelucco Nasir al-Din Muhammad (che salì al potere per tre volte fra il 692 e il 742 / 1293 e 1341)."},"pt":{"name":"Alcorão.","date":"Ramadão 713 / Dezembro 1313.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Istambul","museum":"Museu das Artes Turca e Islâmica.","justification":"As reproduções do Alcorão do período mameluco distinguem-se por uma caligrafia refinada e pelas iluminuras com motivos geométricos em ouro. Este Alcorão foi feito para o sultão mameluco Nasir al-Din Muhammad, que governou três vezes entre 1293 e 1341."},"se":{"name":"Koran.","date":"Ramadan 713 / AD December 1313.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Sultanahmet","museum":"Museet för turkisk och islamisk konst.","justification":"Förfinad kalligrafi och geometriska illuminationer i guld karakteriserar Koranerna från mamluktiden. Den här Koranen gjordes för mamluksultanen Nasir al-Din Muhammed (som regerade tre gånger mellan år 692 och 742 / 1293 och 1341)."},"tr":{"name":"Kur’an-ı Kerim.","date":"H. Ramazan 713 / M. Aralık 1313.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"İstanbul","museum":"Türk ve İslam Eserleri Müzesi.","justification":"Memluk dönemine ait Kur'an'lar, zarif hatlarla ve geometrik tezhipleriyle ayırt edilir. Bu Kur'an-ı Kerim, 1293 – 1341 yılları arasında üç kez iktidara gelen Memluk Sultanı Nasreddin Muhammed için hazırlandı."},"ar":{"justification":"**تتميز نسخ قرآن الفترة المملوكية بالخط المتقن والزخرف الهندسي المذهَّب. وقد جرى إنجاز هذه النسخة من القرآن للسلطان المملوكي ناصر الدين محمد (الذي حكم ثلاث مرات بين 692 و742 هـ/1293 و1341 م).**"},"en":{"justification":"Refined calligraphy and geometric illumination in gold characterise the Qur’ans of the Mamluk period. This Qur'an was made for the Mamluk Sultan Nasir al-Din Muhammad (who ruled three times between 692 and 742 / 1293 and 1341)."},"fr":{"justification":"Une calligraphie raffinée et des enluminures géométriques à l'or sont caractéristiques de corans de la période mamelouke. Ce coran a été réalisé pour le sultan Nasir al-Din Muhammad (qui régna à trois reprises entre 692 et 742/1293-1341)."}}},{"id":"54e4dfd7-48fc-5972-94f5-cea81c315201","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/5d661d98-119e-5056-8778-2c5551ae631a.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Schüssel","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Rom","museum":"Nationalmuseum für Orientalische Kunst (Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale)","justification":"Eine intarsierte Messingschüssel, die mamlukische Inschriften mit asiatischen Phönixen verbindet"},"es":{"name":"Cuenco","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Roma","museum":"Museo Nacional de Arte Oriental","justification":"Cuenco de latón con incrustaciones que combina inscripciones mamelucas con fénix asiáticos."},"it":{"name":"Ciotola.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Roma","museum":"Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale.","justification":"Ciotola in ottone ageminato in oro ed argento che combina motivi epigrafici mamelucchi con motivi di fenice provenienti dall’Asia orientale."},"pt":{"name":"Vaso.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Rome","museum":"Museu Nacional de Arte Oriental(Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale).","justification":"Vaso de latão com incrustações que combinam inscrições mamelucas com fénix asiáticas."},"se":{"name":"Skål.","date":"700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Rom","museum":"Nationalmuseet för orientalisk konst (Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale).","justification":"Mässingsskål med inläggningar som kombinerar mamlukiska inskrifter med fenixfåglar från Ostasien."},"tr":{"name":"Kâse.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Roma","museum":"Ulusal Şark Eserleri Müzesi","justification":"Memluk hat sanatıyla doğu Asya kökenli Zümrüdüanka kuşlarını birleştiren kakmalı pirinç kâse."},"ar":{"justification":"**طاسة نحاسية مرصَّعة** **تجمع بين نقوش مملوكية من جهة، وطيور الفينيق من شرق آسيا من جهةٍ ثانية.**"},"en":{"justification":"An inlaid brass bowl that combines Mamluk inscriptions with eastern Asian phoenixes."},"fr":{"justification":"Coupe en cuivre incrusté qui associe des inscriptions mameloukes à des phénix d'inspiration asiatique."}}},{"id":"54e4dfd7-48fc-5972-94f5-cea81c315201","display_order":3,"variant_order":2,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/d2b7153f-cb50-50ac-ac7f-049c81f447aa.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Schüssel","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Rom","museum":"Nationalmuseum für Orientalische Kunst (Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale)","justification":"Eine intarsierte Messingschüssel, die mamlukische Inschriften mit asiatischen Phönixen verbindet"},"es":{"name":"Cuenco","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Roma","museum":"Museo Nacional de Arte Oriental","justification":"Cuenco de latón con incrustaciones que combina inscripciones mamelucas con fénix asiáticos."},"it":{"name":"Ciotola.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Roma","museum":"Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale.","justification":"Ciotola in ottone ageminato in oro ed argento che combina motivi epigrafici mamelucchi con motivi di fenice provenienti dall’Asia orientale."},"pt":{"name":"Vaso.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Rome","museum":"Museu Nacional de Arte Oriental(Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale).","justification":"Vaso de latão com incrustações que combinam inscrições mamelucas com fénix asiáticas."},"se":{"name":"Skål.","date":"700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Rom","museum":"Nationalmuseet för orientalisk konst (Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale).","justification":"Mässingsskål med inläggningar som kombinerar mamlukiska inskrifter med fenixfåglar från Ostasien."},"tr":{"name":"Kâse.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Roma","museum":"Ulusal Şark Eserleri Müzesi","justification":"Memluk hat sanatıyla doğu Asya kökenli Zümrüdüanka kuşlarını birleştiren kakmalı pirinç kâse."},"ar":{"justification":"طاسة نحاسية مرصَّعة، جامعة بين نقوش مملوكية من جهة، وطيور الفينيق من شرق آسيا من جهةٍ ثانية."},"en":{"justification":"An inlaid brass bowl that combines Mamluk inscriptions with eastern Asian phoenixes."},"fr":{"justification":"Coupe en cuivre incrusté qui associe des inscriptions mameloukes à des phénix d'inspiration asiatique."}}},{"id":"54e4dfd7-48fc-5972-94f5-cea81c315201","display_order":3,"variant_order":3,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/fb5a8cf8-7b49-570a-9a8c-399d74ad547d.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Schüssel","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Rom","museum":"Nationalmuseum für Orientalische Kunst (Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale)","justification":"Eine intarsierte Messingschüssel, die mamlukische Inschriften mit asiatischen Phönixen verbindet"},"es":{"name":"Cuenco","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Roma","museum":"Museo Nacional de Arte Oriental","justification":"Cuenco de latón con incrustaciones que combina inscripciones mamelucas con fénix asiáticos."},"it":{"name":"Ciotola.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Roma","museum":"Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale.","justification":"Ciotola in ottone ageminato in oro ed argento che combina motivi epigrafici mamelucchi con motivi di fenice provenienti dall’Asia orientale."},"pt":{"name":"Vaso.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Rome","museum":"Museu Nacional de Arte Oriental(Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale).","justification":"Vaso de latão com incrustações que combinam inscrições mamelucas com fénix asiáticas."},"se":{"name":"Skål.","date":"700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Rom","museum":"Nationalmuseet för orientalisk konst (Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale).","justification":"Mässingsskål med inläggningar som kombinerar mamlukiska inskrifter med fenixfåglar från Ostasien."},"tr":{"name":"Kâse.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Roma","museum":"Ulusal Şark Eserleri Müzesi","justification":"Memluk hat sanatıyla doğu Asya kökenli Zümrüdüanka kuşlarını birleştiren kakmalı pirinç kâse."},"ar":{"justification":"طاسة نحاسية مرصَّعة، جامعة بين نقوش مملوكية من جهة، وطيور الفينيق من شرق آسيا من جهةٍ ثانية."},"en":{"justification":"An inlaid brass bowl that combines Mamluk inscriptions with eastern Asian phoenixes."},"fr":{"justification":"Coupe en cuivre incrusté qui associe des inscriptions mameloukes à des phénix d'inspiration asiatique."}}}]},{"id":"0d96fdda-709f-55ff-974d-36ce25e67b8e","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_theme_36","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_themes:36","parent_id":"217482b1-7626-531f-8ca9-51c2f680fe3d","country_id":null,"display_order":3,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[]},{"id":"b554b571-d0e5-5750-8458-758d1d2857a2","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_87","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:87","parent_id":"b1f3d679-a18b-5258-af5f-524e8530cb84","country_id":null,"display_order":4,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"9febac67-8cd1-54f6-9ba1-89627a2c4d62","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/9a7c35e6-6c7f-5953-8c2e-f124c1d61c69.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Kerzenständer","date":"AH 694 / AD 1294","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Die Inschrift am oberen Teil dieses Kerzenhalters spielt auf die nicht selten tödlichen Intrigen innerhalb der mamlukischen Elite an; ein Fries im unteren Teil zeigt eine Reihe von bewegten Figuren."},"es":{"name":"Cuello de candelero","date":"694 de la Hégira / 1294 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"La inscripción de la parte superior de este candelero hace alusión a las intrigas de la élite mameluca, que a menudo resultaban mortales; en la banda que rodea la parte inferior del candelabro se ven figuras animadas."},"it":{"name":"Candeliere","date":"Egira 694 / d.C. 1294.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"L’iscrizione sulla parte superiore di questo candeliere si riferisce agli intrighi, spesso mortali, che avvenivano nella classe dirigente mamelucca; nella parte inferiore del candeliere compaiono fregi con figure in movimento."},"pt":{"name":"Base de candelabro.","date":"694 H. /1294 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"A inscrição da parte superior deste candelabro faz alusão às intrigas da elite mameluca, que eram frequentemente mortais; na banda que rodeia a parte inferior do candelabro vêem-se figuras animadas."},"se":{"name":"Fot till en ljusstake.","date":"694 e.H./ 1294 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"På ljusstakens överdel finns en inskrift som syftar på de ofta dödligt allvarliga intriger som kunde utspela sig i den mamlukiska eliten; runt nederdelen löper en fris med figurer i rörelse."},"tr":{"name":"Şamdan kaidesi.","date":"H. 694 / M. 1294.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Bu şamdan yuvasının üst kısmında yer alan yazı, Memluk eliti arasındaki çoğunlukla ölümle sonuçlanan entrikalara göndermede bulunuyor; alt kısmın etrafındaki frizde ise hareketli figürler görülüyor."},"ar":{"justification":"**في الغالب، يشير النقش الموجود على الجزء العلوي من تجويف هذا الشمعدان** **إلى الدسائس القاتلة فيما بين النخب المملوكية؛ وثمة رسوم مفعمة بالحياة على إفريز محيط بالجزء السفلي من التجويف.**"},"en":{"justification":"The inscription on the top part on this candlestick socket alludes to the often deadly intrigues among the Mamluk elite; animated figures are seen in a frieze around the lower part of the socket."},"fr":{"justification":"L'inscription en partie supérieure de ce binet de chandelier fait allusion aux intrigues souvent mortelles qui se nouent au sein de l'élite mamelouke. Une frise de figures animées occupe la partie inférieure."}}},{"id":"5c7d6a0f-7525-553c-97f2-764565e9a905","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/2dc5cbb0-8c36-5fbc-81b1-c60fc144e26c.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Palast von *Emir* Baschtak","date":"AH 740 / AD 1339","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Die *Emire* des *Sultans* betätigten sich wie dieser als Stifter von Bauwerken und unterstützten religiöse Stiftungen *(Waqf),* um den Islam zu preisen und sich zugleich ein regelmäßiges persönliches Einkommen zu sichern."},"es":{"name":"Palacio del Emir Bashtak","date":"740 de la Hégira / 1339 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"Los emires mamelucos emulaban el mecenazgo arquitectónico del sultán y financiaban *waqf* de instituciones religiosas con el fin de ensalzar el islam y asegurarse ingresos personales regulares."},"it":{"name":"Palazzo Amir Bashtak.","date":"Egira 740 / d.C. 1339.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Gli emiri mamelucchi emulavano il mecenatismo in architettura del sultano e finanziavano i waqf per gli stabilimenti religiosi a maggior gloria dell’Islam e per assicurarsi regolari entrate personali."},"pt":{"name":"Palácio do emir Bashtak.","date":"740 H. / 1339 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Os grandes senhores mamelucos imitavam o mecenato arquitectónico do sultão e financiavam (*waqf)* instituições religiosas com o fim de glorificar o Islão e de assegurar rendimentos pessoais regulares."},"se":{"name":"Amir Bashtaks palats.","date":"740 e.H. / 1339 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Mamlukiska *emirer* imiterade sultanens mecenatskap när det gällde byggnadskonsten och de stödde därför religiösa institutioner, *waqf*, till islams ära. Men de gjorde det också för att skaffa sig själva en regelbunden inkomst."},"tr":{"name":"Emir Baştak Sarayı.","date":"H. 740 / M. 1339.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Memluk emirleri sultanların mimari alanındaki hamiliklerine özenirdi ve İslamiyeti yüceltmek ve düzenli bir kişisel geliri teminat altına almak amacıyla dini kurumlara bağlı vakıfları desteklerdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان أمراء المماليك يقلدون رعاية السلطان المعمارية، ويدعمون الأوقاف العائدة إلى المؤسسات الدينية، تمجيداً للإسلام وضماناً لدخل خاص منتظم.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk *amir*s emulated the sultan’s architectural patronage and supported *waqf*s belonging to religious institutions in order to glorify Islam and ensure a regular personal income."},"fr":{"justification":"Les émirs mamelouks imitent le mécénat architectural du sultan et financent des *waqf* au bénéfice d'institutions religieuses pour rendre gloire à l'islam et s'assurer des revenus personnels réguliers."}}},{"id":"5c7d6a0f-7525-553c-97f2-764565e9a905","display_order":2,"variant_order":2,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/65a66791-cc9a-5cdb-b5b0-05de269203e6.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Palast von *Emir* Baschtak","date":"AH 740 / AD 1339","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Die *Emire* des *Sultans* betätigten sich wie dieser als Stifter von Bauwerken und unterstützten religiöse Stiftungen *(Waqf),* um den Islam zu preisen und sich zugleich ein regelmäßiges persönliches Einkommen zu sichern."},"es":{"name":"Palacio del Emir Bashtak","date":"740 de la Hégira / 1339 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"Los emires mamelucos emulaban el mecenazgo arquitectónico del sultán y financiaban *waqf* de instituciones religiosas con el fin de ensalzar el islam y asegurarse ingresos personales regulares."},"it":{"name":"Palazzo Amir Bashtak.","date":"Egira 740 / d.C. 1339.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Gli emiri mamelucchi emulavano il mecenatismo in architettura del sultano e finanziavano i waqf per gli stabilimenti religiosi a maggior gloria dell’Islam e per assicurarsi regolari entrate personali."},"pt":{"name":"Palácio do emir Bashtak.","date":"740 H. / 1339 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Os grandes senhores mamelucos imitavam o mecenato arquitectónico do sultão e financiavam (*waqf)* instituições religiosas com o fim de glorificar o Islão e de assegurar rendimentos pessoais regulares."},"se":{"name":"Amir Bashtaks palats.","date":"740 e.H. / 1339 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Mamlukiska *emirer* imiterade sultanens mecenatskap när det gällde byggnadskonsten och de stödde därför religiösa institutioner, *waqf*, till islams ära. Men de gjorde det också för att skaffa sig själva en regelbunden inkomst."},"tr":{"name":"Emir Baştak Sarayı.","date":"H. 740 / M. 1339.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Memluk emirleri sultanların mimari alanındaki hamiliklerine özenirdi ve İslamiyeti yüceltmek ve düzenli bir kişisel geliri teminat altına almak amacıyla dini kurumlara bağlı vakıfları desteklerdi."},"ar":{"justification":"كان أمراء المماليك يقلدون رعاية السلطان المعمارية، ويدعمون الأوقاف العائدة إلى المؤسسات الدينية، تمجيداً للإسلام، وضماناً لدخل شخصي منتظم."},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk *amir*s emulated the sultan’s architectural patronage and supported *waqf*s belonging to religious institutions in order to glorify Islam and ensure a regular personal income."},"fr":{"justification":"Les émirs mamelouks imitent le mécénat architectural du sultan et financent des *waqf* au bénéfice d'institutions religieuses pour rendre gloire à l'islam et s'assurer des revenus personnels réguliers."}}},{"id":"5c7d6a0f-7525-553c-97f2-764565e9a905","display_order":2,"variant_order":3,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/04efefce-f8a3-59e9-a30a-086a180fd08f.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Palast von *Emir* Baschtak","date":"AH 740 / AD 1339","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","justification":"Die *Emire* des *Sultans* betätigten sich wie dieser als Stifter von Bauwerken und unterstützten religiöse Stiftungen *(Waqf),* um den Islam zu preisen und sich zugleich ein regelmäßiges persönliches Einkommen zu sichern."},"es":{"name":"Palacio del Emir Bashtak","date":"740 de la Hégira / 1339 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","justification":"Los emires mamelucos emulaban el mecenazgo arquitectónico del sultán y financiaban *waqf* de instituciones religiosas con el fin de ensalzar el islam y asegurarse ingresos personales regulares."},"it":{"name":"Palazzo Amir Bashtak.","date":"Egira 740 / d.C. 1339.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Gli emiri mamelucchi emulavano il mecenatismo in architettura del sultano e finanziavano i waqf per gli stabilimenti religiosi a maggior gloria dell’Islam e per assicurarsi regolari entrate personali."},"pt":{"name":"Palácio do emir Bashtak.","date":"740 H. / 1339 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","justification":"Os grandes senhores mamelucos imitavam o mecenato arquitectónico do sultão e financiavam (*waqf)* instituições religiosas com o fim de glorificar o Islão e de assegurar rendimentos pessoais regulares."},"se":{"name":"Amir Bashtaks palats.","date":"740 e.H. / 1339 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Kairo.","justification":"Mamlukiska *emirer* imiterade sultanens mecenatskap när det gällde byggnadskonsten och de stödde därför religiösa institutioner, *waqf,* till islams ära. Men de gjorde det också för att skaffa sig själva en regelbunden inkomst."},"tr":{"name":"Emir Baştak Sarayı.","date":"H. 740 / M. 1339.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","justification":"Memluk emirleri sultanların mimari alanındaki hamiliklerine özenirdi ve İslamiyeti yüceltmek ve düzenli bir kişisel geliri teminat altına almak amacıyla dini kurumlara bağlı vakıfları desteklerdi."},"ar":{"justification":"كان أمراء المماليك يقلدون رعاية السلطان المعمارية، ويدعمون الأوقاف العائدة إلى المؤسسات الدينية، تمجيداً للإسلام، وضماناً لدخل شخصي منتظم."},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk *amir*s emulated the sultan’s architectural patronage and supported *waqf*s belonging to religious institutions in order to glorify Islam and ensure a regular personal income."},"fr":{"justification":"Les émirs mamelouks imitent le mécénat architectural du sultan et financent des *waqf* au bénéfice d'institutions religieuses pour rendre gloire à l'islam et s'assurer des revenus personnels réguliers."}}},{"id":"9c99c966-ce63-54c0-ab28-822914e17003","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/3a750fda-ce6f-5af9-897a-ea695c9ca9c0.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"*Medrese* al-Dschakmakiyya","date":"AH 762–822 / AD 1361–1421/2","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Damaskus"},"es":{"name":"Madrasa al-Yaqmaqiyya","date":"762–822 de la Hégira / 1361–1422 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","justification":"Los emires mamelucos emulaban el mecenazgo arquitectónico del sultán y financiaban *waqf* de instituciones religiosas con el fin de ensalzar el islam y asegurarse ingresos personales regulares."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya.","date":"Egira 762–822 / d.C. 1361–1421/2.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Damasco","justification":"Gli emiri mamelucchi emulavano il mecenatismo in architettura del sultano e finanziavano i waqf per gli stabilimenti religiosi a maggior gloria dell’Islam e per assicurarsi regolari entrate personali."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya.","date":"762–822 H. / 1361–1421/2 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","justification":"Os grandes senhores mamelucos imitavam o mecenato arquitectónico do sultão e financiavam (*waqf)* instituições religiosas com o fim de glorificar o Islão e de assegurar rendimentos pessoais regulares."},"se":{"name":"Madrasa al-Jaqmaqiyya.","date":"762–822 e.H. / 1361–1421/2 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Damaskus.","justification":"Mamlukiska *emirer* imiterade sultanens mecenatskap när det gällde byggnadskonsten och de stödde därför religiösa institutioner, *waqf*, till islams ära. Men de gjorde det också för att skaffa sig själva en regelbunden inkomst."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Çakmak Medresesi.","date":"H. 762–822 / M. 1361–1421/2.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Şam","justification":"Memluk emirleri sultanların mimari alanındaki hamiliklerine özenirdi ve İslamiyeti yüceltmek ve düzenli bir kişisel geliri teminat altına almak amacıyla dini kurumlara bağlı vakıfları desteklerdi."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان أمراء المماليك يقلدون رعاية السلطان المعمارية، ويدعمون الأوقاف العائدة إلى المؤسسات الدينية، تمجيداً للإسلام وضماناً لدخل خاص منتظم.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk *amir*s emulated the sultan’s architectural patronage and supported *waqf*s belonging to religious institutions in order to glorify Islam and ensure a regular personal income"},"fr":{"justification":"Les émirs mamelouks imitent le mécénat architectural du sultan et financent des *waqf* au bénéfice d'institutions religieuses pour rendre gloire à l'islam et s'assurer des revenus personnels réguliers."}}},{"id":"115adb41-ded2-5669-b97c-a902df406833","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/4ac475fc-6301-50d2-a0d3-a2760dc84897.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Steinwappen","date":"AH spätes 9. bis frühes 10. Jahrhundert / AD spätes 15. bis frühes 16. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Aleppo","museum":"Nationalmuseum Aleppo, Islamische Abteilung","justification":"Die unverwechselbaren steinernen oder marmornen Wappen der Mamluken-*Sultane* auf einem Gebäude offenbarten dessen Stifter auf den ersten Blick."},"es":{"name":"Blasón de piedra","date":"Finales del siglo IX–principios del X de la Hégira / finales del XV–principios del XVI d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Aleppo","museum":"Museo Nacional de Alepo – Departamento Islámico","justification":"Los blasones de piedra o mármol de los sultanes mamelucos servían para identificar claramente a los patrocinadores de los edificios."},"it":{"name":"Stemma in pietra.","date":"Egira tardo IX–primi del X secolo / d.C. tardo XV–primi del XVI secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Aleppo","museum":"Museo Nazionale di Aleppo, Dipartimento Islamico.","justification":"Una pietra incisa o uno stemma scolpito in marmo rendevano molto più visibile ed inequivocabile la committenza di un sultano mamelucco."},"pt":{"name":"Brasão de pedra.","date":"Final do séc. IX-início do X H. / final do séc. XV-início do XVI d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Alepo","museum":"Museu Nacional de Alepo,  Departamento Islâmico.","justification":"Os brasões de pedra ou mármore dos sultões mamelucos serviam para identificar claramente os patrocinadores dos edifícios."},"se":{"name":"Vapensten.","date":"Slutet av 800-talet - början av 900-talet e.H. / slutet av 1400-talet - början av 1500-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Aleppo.","museum":"Nationalmuseet i Aleppo, Islamiska avdelningen","justification":"Mamluksultanens karakteristiska vapen i marmor eller sten gjorde att det var lätt att se vem som hade bekostat byggnaden."},"tr":{"name":"Taş blazon.","date":"H. 9. yy sonu–10. yy başı / M. 15. yy sonu–16. yy başı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Halep","museum":"Ulusal Müze, İslam Sanatı Seksiyonu","justification":"Memluk sultanlarının taştan ve mermerden armaları, yapıların banisi olmalarının doğrudan simgesidir."},"ar":{"justification":"**كان وسم السلطان المملوكي الحجري أو الرخامي يسهل تحديد هوية راعي البناء مباشرة.**"},"en":{"justification":"The Mamluk sultan’s distinctive stone or marble blazon made identification of a building’s patron much more straightforward."},"fr":{"justification":"Le blason en pierre ou en marbre du sultan facilite l'indentification du commanditaire d'un bâtiment."}}}]},{"id":"ee7a2a3a-731e-564b-b6f7-1f7eb1934418","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_94","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:94","parent_id":"5fece024-c74e-561d-b95d-491951907de9","country_id":null,"display_order":4,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"a000ebdb-1681-52a6-a40c-e080d3566746","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/ccb84d9c-6e5d-584f-be02-c3b189e839cf.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"al-Aschrafiyya-*Medrese*","date":"AH 887 / AD 1482","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","justification":"Diese *Medrese* war das bedeutendste Bildungszentrum in Jerusalem."},"es":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya","date":"887 de la Hégira / 1482 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","justification":"Esta madrasa era el centro educativo más importante de Jerusalén."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya.","date":"Egira 887 / d.C. 1482.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","justification":"La *madrasa* era il più importante luogo di formazione a Gerusalemme."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya.","date":"887 H. / 1482 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","justification":"Esta *madrasa* era o centro educativo mais importante de Jerusalém."},"se":{"name":"Al-Ashrafiyya Madrasa.","date":"887 e.H. / 1482 e.kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Jerusalem.","justification":"Den viktigaste utbildningsinstitutionen i Jerusalem var *madrasa*."},"tr":{"name":"Eşrefiye Medresesi.","date":"H. 887 / M. 1482.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","justification":"Bu medrese, Kudüs'teki en önemli eğitim merkeziydi."},"ar":{"justification":"كانت المدرسة أهم المراكز التعليمية في القدس."},"en":{"justification":"The *madrasa* was the most important educational centre in Jerusalem."},"fr":{"justification":"La *madrasa* était le plus important centre d'éducation de Jérusalem."}}},{"id":"fa6d29c2-c6f8-50f2-8dc0-8cb061d97188","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/7ca77426-8352-550c-b9e4-14e947d6d63b.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Tankaziyya-*Medrese*","date":"AH 729 / AD 1328–9","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","justification":"In dieser *Medrese* konnten Lehrer und Studenten auch wohnen, essen und ein Stipendium beziehen."},"es":{"name":"Madrasa Tankaziyya","date":"729 de la Hégira / 1328–1329 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","justification":"La madrasa proporcionaba alojamiento, comida y dinero a profesores y estudiantes."},"it":{"name":"Madrasa Tankaziyya.","date":"Egira 729 / d.C. 1328–9.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","justification":"La *madrasa* forniva a insegnanti e studenti, vitto, alloggio e salario."},"pt":{"name":"Madrasa Tankaziyya.","date":"729 H. / 1328–9 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","justification":"A *madrasa* proporcionava alojamento, alimentação e dinheiro a professores e estudantes."},"se":{"name":"Tankaziyya Madrasa.","date":"729 e.H. / 1328–9 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukerna.","location":"Jerusalem.","justification":"*Madrasa* hjälpte lärare och studerande med mat och husrum, och också pengar."},"tr":{"name":"Tenkiziye Medresesi.","date":"H. 729 / M. 1328–29.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","justification":"Medresede öğretmen ve öğrenciler için barınak, yiyecek ve para sağlanıyordu."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت المدرسة تؤمن للمعلمين والطلبة المأوى والطعام والمعاش النقدي.**"},"en":{"justification":"The *madrasa* provided teachers and students with lodgings, food and money."},"fr":{"justification":"La *madrasa* fournissait logement, repas et argent aux enseignants et aux étudiants."}}},{"id":"e1a05d50-90fe-5598-b556-5c2fb0929803","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/fce06ddb-a839-5126-9153-a8defe89c7c0.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Tür des Felsendoms","date":"AH 872–901 / AD 1468–96","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","museum":"Islamisches Museum, al-Aqsa-Moschee / al-Haram al-Scharif","justification":"*Sultan* Qaytbay ließ diesen aufwändig gestalteten Eingang zum Felsendom herstellen."},"es":{"name":"Puerta de la Cúpula de la Cúpula de la Roca","date":"872–901 de la Hégira / 1468–1496 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","museum":"Museo Islámico de la Mezquita al-Aqsa – Al-Haram al-Sharif","justification":"El sultán Qaytbay encargó esta puerta tan elaborada para la Cúpula de la Roca."},"it":{"name":"Porta dalla Cupola della Roccia.","date":"Egira 872–901 / d.C. 1468–96.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","museum":"Museo Islamico, Moschea al-Aqsa  / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Il sultano Qaytbay fece costruire questa porta monumentale per la Cupola della Roccia."},"pt":{"name":"Porta da Cúpula do Rochedo.","date":"872–901 H. / 1468–96 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","museum":"Museu Islâmico, Mesquita de al-Aqsa / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"O sultão Qaytbay encomendou esta porta tão elaborada para a Cúpula do Rochedo."},"se":{"name":"Port från Klippdomen.","date":"872–901 e.H./ 1468–96 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Jerusalem.","museum":"Islamiska museet i al-Aqsamoskén / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Sultan Qaytbay beställde denna vackra port för Klippdomen."},"tr":{"name":"Kubbetü’s-Sahra’nın kapısı.","date":"H. 872–901 / M. 1468–96.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","museum":"İslamiyet Müzesi ve Mescid-i Aksa Kütüphanesi.","justification":"Kubbetü's-Sahra'nın bu süslü kapısını Sultan Kayıtbay yaptırdı."},"ar":{"justification":"**جرى تنفيذ هذا الباب المتقن لقبّة الصخرة بأمر من السلطان قايتباي.**"},"en":{"justification":"Sultan Qaytbay commissioned this elaborate door for the Dome of the Rock."},"fr":{"justification":"Le sultan Qaytbay commandita cette impressionnante porte pour le Dôme du Rocher."}}},{"id":"dc5f0937-d5aa-54f6-ab26-c328b079d9bf","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8948ef92-039f-5c73-a444-2e48c828f578.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Koranmanuskript von Barsbay","date":"AH 825–41 / AD 1422–37","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Jerusalem","museum":"Islamisches Museum, al-Aqsa-Moschee / al-Haram al-Scharif","justification":"Ein luxuriöser Koran, den *Sultan* Barsbay für die *Aqsa*\\-Moschee in Jerusalem in Auftrag gab"},"es":{"name":"Manuscrito coránico (mashaf) de Barsbay","date":"825–841 de la Hégira / 1422–1437 d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalén","museum":"Museo Islámico de la Mezquita al-Aqsa – Al-Haram al-Sharif","justification":"Lujoso Corán hecho por encargo del sultán Barsbay para la mezquita al-Aqsa de Jerusalén."},"it":{"name":"Mashaf (manoscritto coranico) di Barsbay.","date":"Egira 825–41 / d.C. 1422–37.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Gerusalemme","museum":"Museo Islamico, Moschea al-Aqsa  / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Edizione lussuosa del Corano donata dal sultano Barsbay alla moschea al-Aqsa a Gerusalemme."},"pt":{"name":"Mashaf (manuscrito corânico) de Barsbay.","date":"825–41 H. / 1422–37 d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Jerusalém","museum":"Museu Islâmico, Mesquita de al-Aqsa / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Luxuoso Alcorão feito por encomenda do sultão Barsbay para a mesquita de al-Aqsa em Jerusalém."},"se":{"name":"*Mashaf* (Koranhandskrift) från Barsbay.","date":"825–41 e.H./ 1422–37 e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Jerusalem.","museum":"Islamiska museet i al-Aqsamoskén / al-Haram al-Sharif.","justification":"Koran i lyxutförande, beställd av sultanen Barsbay för al-Aqsamoskén i Jerusalem."},"tr":{"name":"Sultan Barsbay’ın Kur’an’ı.","date":"H. 825–41 / M. 1422–37.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kudüs","museum":"İslamiyet Müzesi ve Mescid-i Aksa Kütüphanesi.","justification":"Kudüs'teki Mescid-i Aksa için Sultan Barsbay tarafından hazırlatılan görkemli bir Kur'an-ı Kerim"},"ar":{"justification":"**نسخة فخمة للقرآن أُنجزت بإيعاز من السلطان بارسباي لمصلحة المسجد الأقصى بالقدس.**"},"en":{"justification":"A luxury Qur’an commissioned by Sultan Barsbay for the Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem."},"fr":{"justification":"Luxueux coran commandité par le sultan Barsbay pour la mosquée al-Aqsa à Jérusalem."}}}]},{"id":"7b2c2d23-dc2f-50d9-92cf-f23ca9c8f4ce","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_page_98","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_pages:98","parent_id":"282bf248-cb40-5b24-9d50-166d75b8a10e","country_id":null,"display_order":4,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"96998c67-dbae-5a23-8da5-21ca0231218d","display_order":1,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/e806d8a6-6f90-588b-96ca-fdc21ec5ff7e.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Moscheelampe","date":"Später als AH 23. Muharram 721 / AD 21. Februar 1321","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Lissabon","museum":"Calouste Gulbenkian Museum","justification":"Mamlukische Glaslampen haben einen hohen, nach oben hin geweiteten Hals, einen breiten, bauchigen Körper und einen Sockel. Die meisten bestehen aus durchsichtigem, emailliertem Glas."},"es":{"name":"Lámpara de mezquita","date":"Después del 23 de muharram de 721 / 21 de febrero de 1321.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Lisboa","museum":"Museo Calouste Gulbenkian","justification":"Las lámparas de cristal mamelucas tienen cuello largo y ensanchado, cuerpo achatado y bulboso, y pie en forma de pedestal. La mayoría son de cristal transparente esmaltado."},"it":{"name":"Lampada di moschea.","date":"Dopo Egira 23 Muharram 721 / d.C. 21 Febbraio 1321.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Lisbona.","museum":"Museo Calouste Gulbenkian.","justification":"Le lampade di vetro mamelucche hanno un collo alto e svasato, un corpo compatto a forma di bulbo e una base a piedistallo. La maggior parte sono in vetro chiaro smaltato."},"pt":{"name":"Lâmpada de mesquita.","date":"Posterior a 23 Muharram 721 / 21 de Fevereiro de 1321.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Lisboa.","museum":"Museu Calouste Gulbenkian.","justification":"As lâmpadas de vidro mamelucas têm gargalo largo e bojudo, corpo achatado e bolboso, e pé em forma de pedestal. A maioria são de vidro transparente esmaltado."},"tr":{"name":"Cami kandili.","date":"H. 23 Muharrem 721 / M. 21 Şubat 1321’den daha geç.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Lizbon.","museum":"Calouste Gulbenkian Müzesi.","justification":"Memluk döneminin cam kandilleri, uzun, çan şekilli bir boyun kısmına, bodur, yuvarlak bir gövdeye ve bir ayak kısmına sahiptir. Çoğu saydam mineli camdır."},"ar":{"justification":"**للمصابيح الزجاجية المملوكية التي يصنع جلها من البلور الشفاف أعناق متماوجة طويلة وكتل مورمة رابضة وقواعد سفلية.**"},"en":{"justification":"Mamluk glass lamps have a tall, flaring neck, squat bulbous body and a pedestal foot. Most are of clear enamelled glass."},"fr":{"justification":"Les lampes en verre mameloukes présentent un col haut et évasé, une panse bulbeuse ramassée et un piédouche. La plupart sont en verre clair émaillé."},"se":{"justification":"Mamlukiska glaslampor har lång hals som vidgar sig upptill och rund svällande kropp på fot. De flesta är av klarglas med emaljmåleri."}}},{"id":"01b9cadc-1da9-5e4c-8402-8fb4c0c6b2b9","display_order":2,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/a1c262ef-e7cb-540d-b2a6-4585d1e99ba9.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Moscheelampe","date":"Erste Hälfte AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Istanbul","museum":"Museum für Türkische und Islamische Kunst","justification":"Die meisten mamlukischen Glaslampen bestehen aus durchsichtigem, emailliertem Glas. Dieses Exemplar gehört zu den wenigen, die innen grün bemalt wurden, um einen besonderen Lichteffekt zu erzielen."},"es":{"name":"Lámpara de mezquita","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Estambul","museum":"Museo de Arte Turco e Islámico","justification":"La mayoría de las lámparas de cristal mamelucas son de cristal transparente esmaltado. Este es uno de los raros ejemplos de lámpara que se pintó de verde por dentro para conseguir un efecto distinto."},"it":{"name":"Lampada da moschea.","date":"Egira prima metà dell’VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Istanbul","museum":"Museo delle Arti Turche e Islamiche.","justification":"La maggior parte delle lampade di vetro mamelucche sono in vetro chiaro smaltato. Questa lampada costituisce un raro esempio di lampada dipinta in verde dall’interno per ottenere un effetto diverso."},"pt":{"name":"Lâmpada de mesquita.","date":"Primeira metade do século VIII H. / séc. XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Istambul","museum":"Museu das Artes Turca e Islâmica.","justification":"A maioria das lâmpadas de vidro mamelucas são de vidro transparente esmaltado. Este é um dos raros exemplos de lâmpada pintada de verde por dentro para se conseguir um efeito diferente."},"se":{"name":"Moskélampa.","date":"Första hälften av 700-talet e.H./ 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Sultanahmet","museum":"Museet för turkisk och islamisk konst.","justification":"De flesta mamlukiska lampor är av klarglas med målad dekoration. Här är en ovanlig lampa som gjorts grön på insidan för att effekten ska bli annorlunda."},"tr":{"name":"Cami kandili.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy ilk yarısı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"İstanbul","museum":"Türk ve İslam Eserleri Müzesi.","justification":"Memluk dönemine ait cam kandillerin çoğu, saydam mineli camdır. Bu, farklı bir etki elde etmek için içi yeşile boyanmış nadide bir örnek."},"ar":{"justification":"**تصنع جلّ المصابيح الزجاجية المملوكية** **من الزجاج الشفاف المرصع. وقد صُبغ هذا الأنموذج النادر باللون الأخضر من الداخل لإحداث تأثير مختلف.**"},"en":{"justification":"Most Mamluk glass lamps are of clear enamelled glass. This is a rare example that has been painted green inside to achieve a different effect."},"fr":{"justification":"La plupart des lampes en verre mameloukes sont en verre clair émaillé. Rare exemple de lampe peinte en vert à l'intérieur pour obtenir un effet lumineux différent."}}},{"id":"4a45199e-3af5-504d-9932-a1e4ed67dc93","display_order":3,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/8ea32d6d-f50d-59f1-9ce1-63cd0ff86aeb.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Teil eines bedruckten Baumwollstoffes","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museum für Islamische Kunst","justification":"Mit Druckstöcken bedruckte Baumwolle war ein Massenprodukt. Das Muster auf diesem Fragment übernahm Dekormotive aus der damaligen Metallverarbeitung."},"es":{"name":"Fragmento de tejido de algodón estampado","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"El Cairo","museum":"Museo de Arte Islámico.","justification":"El algodón estampado se producía a gran escala; el motivo de este fragmento está inspirado en los diseños con que se decoraban los objetos de metal de la época."},"it":{"name":"Frammento di tessuto in cotone stampato.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museo di Arte Islamica.","justification":"Il cotone stampato veniva prodotto in grandi quantità, i motivi decorativi di questo frammento si rifanno a quelli usati nella lavorazione dei metalli dell’epoca."},"pt":{"name":"Fragmento de tecido de algodão estampado.","date":"Séc. VIII H. / XIV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Cairo","museum":"Museu de Arte Islâmica.","justification":"O algodão estampado era produzido em grande escala; o motivo deste fragmento foi inspirado nos desenhos com que se decoravam os objectos de metal da época."},"se":{"name":"Fragment av ett tryckt bomullstyg.","date":"700-talet e.H. / 1300-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukiskt.","location":"Kairo","museum":"Museet för islamisk konst.","justification":"Tryckta bomullstyger massproducerades; detta tygstycke är inspirerat av de mönster som användes i metallhantverket på den här tiden."},"tr":{"name":"Baskı desenli pamuklu kumaş parçası.","date":"H. 8. yy / M. 14. yy.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Kahire","museum":"İslam Sanatı Müzesi.","justification":"Kalıp baskılı pamuklu kumaşın seri üretimi yapılıyordu; bu parçada görülen kalıp baskı, dönemin madeni eserlerinin bezemelerinden esinlenilmiş."},"ar":{"justification":"**كانت الأقمشة القطنية المطبوعة تنتج بالجملة؛ وقد استلهمت العينة المعروضة على هذه القطعة** **من التصاميم الزخرفية المعاصرة لتزيين الأدوات المصنوعة من المعادن.**"},"en":{"justification":"Block-printed cotton was mass produced; the pattern seen on this fragment is inspired by contemporary decorative designs for metalwork."},"fr":{"justification":"Le coton imprimé était produit en série : le motif de ce fragment est inspiré de motifs décoratifs contemporains utilisés dans le travail du métal."}}},{"id":"f03adf8f-d5b8-514b-88b4-1fa35cd992e2","display_order":4,"variant_order":1,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/1fe3dc2f-e3dd-506c-b7e2-26d877d08ef0.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Teller","date":"AH 8. Jahrhundert / AD 14. Jahrhundert","dynasty":"Mamluken","location":"Damaskus","museum":"Nationalmuseum Damaskus","justification":"Mamlukische Keramik versuchte oft, den Stil des blau-weißen chinesischen Porzellans nachzuahmen."},"es":{"name":"Plato","date":"Siglo VIII de la Hégira / XIV d. C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nacional de Damasco","justification":"Muchas veces, los ceramistas mamelucos intentaban imitar el azul y blanco de la porcelana china."},"it":{"name":"Piatto.","date":"Egira VIII secolo / d.C. XIV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Damasco","museum":"Museo Nazionale di Damasco","justification":"Le ceramiche mamelucche spesso si richiamano al gusto estetico degli oggetti cinesi in bianco e blu."},"pt":{"name":"Prato.","date":"Séc. 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C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Edimburgo","museum":"Museos Nacionales de Escocia (NMS)","justification":"Los diseños de estrellas geométricas fueron típicos de los muebles mamelucos, como se aprecia en esta puerta de *minbar*."},"it":{"name":"Pannello di *minbar*.","date":"Egira tardo VIII–primi del IX secolo / d.C. tardo XIV–primi del XV secolo.","dynasty":"Epoca mamelucca.","location":"Edinburgo","museum":"Royal Museum, National Museums of Scotland (NMS).","justification":"Motivi geometrici a stella sono tipici dell'arredo mamelucco come quelli usati su questa porta di *minbar*."},"pt":{"name":"Painel de *minbar*.","date":"Final do séc. VIII-início do IX H. / final do séc. XIV–início do XV d.C.","dynasty":"Mamelucos.","location":"Edimburgo","museum":"Museu Real, Museus Nacionais da Escócia (NMS).","justification":"Os desenhos de estrelas geométricas foram típicos dos móveis mamelucos, como se constata nesta porta de *minbar*."},"se":{"name":"Panel från en *minbar*.","date":"Slutet av 700-talet - början av 800-talet e.H./ 1400-1500-talet e.Kr.","dynasty":"Mamlukisk.","location":"Edinburgh.","museum":"Royal Museum, National Museums of Scotland (NMS).","justification":"Geometriska stjärnmönster är typiska för mamlukiska inredningar, som på denna *minbar*\\-dörr."},"tr":{"name":"Minber kapısı.","date":"H. 8. yy sonu–9. yy başı / M. 14. yy sonu–15. yy başı.","dynasty":"Memluk.","location":"Edinburgh","museum":"Kraliyet Müzesi, İskoçya Ulusal Müzeleri.","justification":"Bu minber kapısının üzerindeki gibi geometrik yıldız kompozisyonları, Memluk döneminin tipik motiflerindendir."},"ar":{"justification":"**بالنسبة إلى قطع الأثاث المملوكية، تبقى قوالب النجوم الهندسية مثل تلك المستخدمة في باب هذا المنبر أنموذجية.**"},"en":{"justification":"Geometric-star patterns are typical of Mamluk furnishings, such as that used on this *minbar* door."},"fr":{"justification":"Les motifs géométriques en étoile, du style de celui de cette porte de *minbar*, sont typiques du mobilier mamelouk."}}}]},{"id":"5fece024-c74e-561d-b95d-491951907de9","type":"theme","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_theme_37","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibition_themes:37","parent_id":"217482b1-7626-531f-8ca9-51c2f680fe3d","country_id":null,"display_order":4,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[]},{"id":"217482b1-7626-531f-8ca9-51c2f680fe3d","type":"exhibition","purpose":null,"internal_name":"mwnf3_exhibition_17","backward_compatibility":"mwnf3:exhibitions:17","parent_id":"02d41fd6-5af1-5310-8a5a-d24ddc6e6fcc","country_id":null,"display_order":5,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"images":[],"items":[{"id":"b20793d5-1141-55aa-a80e-ab4725d92f81","display_order":1,"variant_order":0,"image_url":"https://inventory.metanull.eu/pub/f2134996-a33b-597b-83a4-f09173cc55e2.jpg","caption":{"de":{"name":"Türme der Zitadelle von Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi: Burg al-Ramla und Burg al-Haddad","date":"AH 579 / AD 1184","dynasty":"Ayyubiden","location":"Kairo"},"en":{"name":"Towers of the Citadel of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi: Burg al-Ramla and Burg al-Haddad"},"es":{"name":"Torres (bury) al-Ramla y al-Haddad de la ciudadela de Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi","date":"579 de la Hégira / 1184 d. 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